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INCOME TAXES (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Provision for Income Taxes | The income tax (benefit) provision consisted of the following:
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | (12,354) |  |  | $ | 3,308 |  |  | $ | (2,577) |
State | (1,030) |  |  | 2,232 |  |  | 1,051 |
Foreign | 11,306 |  |  | 2,049 |  |  | 15,533 |
| (2,078) |  |  | 7,589 |  |  | 14,007 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | 4,710 |  |  | (5,472) |  |  | (24,094) |
State | 2,880 |  |  | (2,782) |  |  | 1,315 |
Foreign | (24,197) |  |  | 1,471 |  |  | (346) |
| (16,607) |  |  | (6,783) |  |  | (23,125) |
Total | $ | (18,685) |  |  | $ | 806 |  |  | $ | (9,118) |
Reconciliation of Federal Statutory Tax Rate to Consolidated Effective Tax Rate | The reconciliation of the federal statutory tax rate to the consolidated effective tax rate was as follows:
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Federal statutory tax rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 24.5 | %
Effect of state income taxes, net of federal deduction | (1.9) | % |  | 2.7 | % |  | 2.2 | %
Foreign statutory taxes compared to federal statutory rate | 3.4 | % |  | (0.8) | % |  | 1.4 | %
Share-based compensation | (1.4) | % |  | (3.1) | % |  | (0.6) | %
U.S. manufacturing incentive | — | % |  | — | % |  | (1.3) | %
Tax credits | 1.8 | % |  | 4.9 | % |  | (2.7) | %
Tax basis difference | — | % |  | 9.8 | % |  | (1.5) | %
Transition tax | — | % |  | — | % |  | 9.0 | %
U.S. statutory tax rate change on temporary differences | — | % |  | — | % |  | (38.7) | %
Goodwill write-down | (9.4) | % |  | (40.2) | % |  | — | %
Tax rate differential on net operating loss carryback | 4.2 | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Other | (0.1) | % |  | 3.6 | % |  | (1.6) | %
Effective tax rate | 17.6 | % |  | (2.1) | % |  | (9.3) | %
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at September 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
| 2020 |  | 2019
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Pension and postretirement benefits | $ | 39,705 |  |  | $ | 37,587 |
Accruals and reserves not currently deductible | 12,258 |  |  | 10,400 |
Income tax credit carryforward | 5,308 |  |  | 3,204 |
Operating and capital loss carryforwards | 34,146 |  |  | 21,896 |
Stock options | 4,062 |  |  | 4,778 |
Other | 8,376 |  |  | 5,381 |
Total deferred tax assets | 103,855 |  |  | 83,246 |
Valuation allowances | (22,527) |  |  | (15,352) |
Net deferred tax assets | 81,328 |  |  | 67,894 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation | (27,671) |  |  | (24,792) |
Unrealized gains and losses | 389 |  |  | (565) |
Goodwill and intangible assets | (123,259) |  |  | (138,952) |
Other | (5,941) |  |  | (1,035) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (156,482) |  |  | (165,344) |
Net deferred tax liability | $ | (75,154) |  |  | $ | (97,450) |
Changes in Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits | Changes in the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits (excluding penalties and interest) are as follows:
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 15,526 |  |  | $ | 14,827 |  |  | $ | 7,968 |
Increases for tax positions of prior years | 500 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,886 |
Decreases for tax positions of prior years | (2,727) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Increases based on tax positions related to the current year | 939 |  |  | 1,420 |  |  | 882 |
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitation | (3,755) |  |  | (721) |  |  | (1,909) |
Balance, end of year | $ | 10,483 |  |  | $ | 15,526 |  |  | $ | 14,827 |
Summary of Income Tax Contingencies | As of September 30, 2020, the tax years that remain subject to examination by major jurisdiction generally are:
United States - Federal | 2017 and forward
United States - State | 2016 and forward
Canada | 2016 and forward
Germany | 2019 and forward
United Kingdom | 2019 and forward
Australia | 2015 and forward
Singapore | 2016 and forward

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- Definition Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=SL6600010-109319 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32718-109319 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 19 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32840-109319 + Details
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