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Share-Based Payments | 6 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Share-Based Payments | Share-Based Payments The Company maintains an equity incentive plan (the "2017 Equity Incentive Plan") that provides for grants of stock options, restricted shares, restricted share units, stock-based performance units and certain other types of stock-based awards. Under the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan, which has a ten-year term, the maximum number of shares available for grants or awards is an aggregate of 1,700,000. At March 31, 2021, there were 1,700,000 shares reserved for future issuance under the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan. 1,064,910 restricted share units have been granted under the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan and are outstanding as of March 31, 2021. The 2017 Equity Incentive plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. With respect to the restricted share grants, generally one-half of the shares vest on the third anniversary of the grant, one-quarter of the shares vest in one-third increments upon the attainment of pre-defined levels of adjusted earnings per share, and the remaining one-quarter of the shares vest in one-third increments upon attainment of pre-defined levels of appreciation in the market value of the Company's Class A Common Stock. Additionally, restricted shares cannot vest until the first anniversary of the grant date. Unvested restricted shares generally expire on the earlier of three or five years from the date of grant, upon employment termination, or within specified time limits following voluntary employment termination (with the consent of the Company), retirement or death. The Company issues restricted shares from treasury shares. With respect to the restricted share unit grants, units generally vest on the third anniversary of the grant date. The number of units that vest depend on certain time and performance thresholds. Such performance thresholds include adjusted earnings per share, return on invested capital, appreciation in the market value of the Company's Class A Common Stock, or other targets established by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Approximately 45% of the outstanding share units vest based on time, while the remaining vest based on pre-defined performance thresholds. The Company issues common stock from treasury shares once vested. Note 8. Share-Based Payments (continued) For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, stock-based compensation cost totaled $4,001 and $2,508, respectively. For the six-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, stock-based compensation cost totaled $7,247 and $4,539, respectively. The associated future income tax benefit recognized for stock-based compensation was $738 and $614 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $976 and $793 for the six-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The transactions for restricted shares and restricted share units for the six months ended March 31, 2021 were as follows:
| Shares /Units |  | Weighted- average Grant-date Fair Value
Non-vested at September 30, 2020 | 750,322 |  |  | $ | 40.88 |
Granted | 499,050 |  |  | 30.06 |
Vested | (104,895) |  |  | 56.11 |
Expired or forfeited | (36,667) |  |  | 57.05 |
Non-vested at March 31, 2021 | 1,107,810 |  |  | $ | 34.03 |
As of March 31, 2021, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock was $17,602 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.2 years. The fair value of certain restricted share units that are subject to performance conditions are estimated on the date of grant using a binomial lattice valuation model. The following table indicates the assumptions used in estimating the fair value of certain restricted share units granted during the six-month period ended March 31, 2021.
| Six Months Ended March 31, 2021
Expected volatility | 42.9 | % |  |
Dividend yield | 3.2 | % |  |
Average risk-free interest rate | 0.2 | % |  |
Average expected term (years) | 3.0 |  |
The risk-free interest rate is based on United States Treasury yields at the date of grant. The dividend yield is based on the most recent dividend payment and average stock price over the 12 months prior to the grant date. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of the Company's stock price. The expected term for grants in the six months ended March 31, 2021 represents an estimate of the average period of time for restricted share units to vest. The Company maintains the 2019 Director Fee Plan, the Amended and Restated 2014 Director Fee Plan and the 1994 Director Fee Plan (collectively, the "Director Fee Plans"). There will be no further fees or share-based awards granted under the Amended and Restated 2014 Director Fee Plan and the 1994 Director Fee Plan. Under the 2019 Director Fee Plan, non-employee directors (except for the Chairman of the Board) each receive, as an annual retainer fee for fiscal 2021, either cash or shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock with a value equal to $85. The annual retainer fee for fiscal 2021 paid to the non-employee Chairman of the Board is $185. Where the annual retainer fee is provided in shares, each director may elect to be paid these shares on a current basis or have such shares credited to a deferred stock account as phantom stock, with such shares to be paid to the director subsequent to leaving the Board. The total number of shares of stock that have been authorized to be issued under the 2019 Director Fee Plan or credited to a deferred stock compensation account for subsequent issuance is 150,000 shares of Common Stock (subject to adjustment upon certain events such as stock dividends or stock splits). The value of deferred shares is recorded in other liabilities. A total of 38,327 shares and share units had been deferred under the Director Fee Plans as of March 31, 2021. Additionally, non-employee directors each receive an annual stock-based grant (non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights and/or restricted shares or units) with a value of $125 for fiscal 2021. 271,807 restricted shares and restricted share units have been granted under the Director Fee Plans, 98,578 of which were issued under the 2019 Director Fee Plan. 74,639 restricted shares and restricted share units are unvested at March 31, 2021.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for share-based payment arrangement. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 + Details
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