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INCOME TAXES (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Provision for Income Taxes | The income tax (benefit) provision consisted of the following:
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 13,481 |  |  | $ | (3,741) |  |  | $ | (12,354) |
State | 4,676 |  |  | 3,579 |  |  | (1,030) |
Foreign | 10,414 |  |  | 2,379 |  |  | 11,306 |
| 28,571 |  |  | 2,217 |  |  | (2,078) |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (24,239) |  |  | 5,829 |  |  | 4,710 |
State | (3,895) |  |  | 169 |  |  | 2,880 |
Foreign | (4,828) |  |  | (1,840) |  |  | (24,197) |
| (32,962) |  |  | 4,158 |  |  | (16,607) |
Total | $ | (4,391) |  |  | $ | 6,375 |  |  | $ | (18,685) |
Reconciliation of Federal Statutory Tax Rate to Consolidated Effective Tax Rate | The reconciliation of the federal statutory tax rate to the consolidated effective tax rate was as follows:
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Federal statutory tax rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
Effect of state income taxes, net of federal deduction | 0.2 | % |  | 37.5 | % |  | (1.9) | %
Foreign statutory taxes compared to federal statutory rate | 1.6 | % |  | (18.6) | % |  | 3.4 | %
Share-based compensation | (1.1) | % |  | 24.5 | % |  | (1.4) | %
Termination of SERP | — | % |  | 28.6 | % |  | — | %
Tax credits | 1.2 | % |  | (26.6) | % |  | 1.8 | %
Sale of SERP-related investments | — | % |  | 23.8 | % |  | — | %
Goodwill write-down | (11.2) | % |  | — | % |  | (9.4) | %
Tax rate differential on net operating loss carryback | — | % |  | (21.4) | % |  | 4.2 | %
Other * | (7.5) | % |  | 0.2 | % |  | (0.1) | %
Effective tax rate | 4.2 | % |  | 69.0 | % |  | 17.6 | %
* In Fiscal 2022, "Other" primarily consists of foreign net operating losses that had a full valuation allowance.
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
| 2022 |  | 2021
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Pension and postretirement benefits | $ | 9,051 |  |  | $ | 11,832 |
Accruals and reserves not currently deductible | 10,909 |  |  | 8,753 |
Income tax credit carryforward | 5,796 |  |  | 5,206 |
Operating and capital loss carryforwards | 54,875 |  |  | 51,438 |
Stock options | 7,103 |  |  | 4,944 |
Other | 50 |  |  | 1,320 |
Total deferred tax assets | 87,784 |  |  | 83,493 |
Valuation allowances | (27,552) |  |  | (28,619) |
Net deferred tax assets | 60,232 |  |  | 54,874 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation | (27,317) |  |  | (23,224) |
Unrealized gains and losses | (2,793) |  |  | (886) |
Goodwill and intangible assets | (98,715) |  |  | (113,476) |
Other | (20,386) |  |  | (11,215) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (149,211) |  |  | (148,801) |
Net deferred tax liability | $ | (88,979) |  |  | $ | (93,927) |
Changes in Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits | Changes in the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits (excluding penalties and interest) are as follows:
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 2,807 |  |  | $ | 10,483 |  |  | $ | 15,526 |
Increases for tax positions of prior years | 1,393 |  |  | — |  |  | 500 |
Decreases for tax positions of prior years | (200) |  |  | (288) |  |  | (2,727) |
Increases based on tax positions related to the current year | 551 |  |  | 628 |  |  | 939 |
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitation | (428) |  |  | (8,016) |  |  | (3,755) |
Balance, end of year | $ | 4,123 |  |  | $ | 2,807 |  |  | $ | 10,483 |
Summary of Income Tax Contingencies | As of September 30, 2022, the tax years that remain subject to examination by major jurisdiction generally are:
United States - Federal | 2019 and forward
United States - State | 2018 and forward
Canada | 2018 and forward
Germany | 2019 and forward
United Kingdom | 2021 and forward
Australia | 2017 and forward
Singapore | 2018 and forward

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