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Owned Inventory | 9 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] |
Owned Inventory | Owned Inventory The components of our owned inventory are as follows as of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024:
in thousands | As of June 30, 2025 |  | As of September 30, 2024
Homes under construction | $ | 914,261 |  |  | $ | 754,705 |
Land under development | 1,073,661 |  |  | 1,023,188 |
Land held for future development | 19,489 |  |  | 19,879 |
Land held for sale | 44,024 |  |  | 19,086 |
Capitalized interest | 137,759 |  |  | 124,182 |
Model homes | 102,869 |  |  | 99,600 |
Total owned inventory | $ | 2,292,063 |  |  | $ | 2,040,640 |
Homes under construction include homes substantially finished and ready for delivery and homes in various stages of construction, including costs of the underlying lot, direct construction costs and capitalized indirect costs. As of June 30, 2025, we had 2,539 homes under construction, including 1,376 speculative (spec) homes totaling $490.5 million (1,004 in-process spec homes totaling $332.2 million, and 372 finished spec homes totaling $158.3 million). As of September 30, 2024, we had 2,315 homes under construction, including 1,154 spec homes totaling $360.9 million (827 in-process spec homes totaling $231.4 million, and 327 finished spec units totaling $129.5 million). Land under development consists principally of land acquisition, land development and other common costs. These land related costs are allocated to individual lots on a pro-rata basis, and the lot costs are transferred to homes under construction when home construction begins for the respective lots. Certain of the fully developed lots in this category are reserved by a customer deposit or sales contract. Land held for future development consists of communities for which construction and development activities are expected to occur in the future or have been idled and are stated at cost unless facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. All applicable carrying costs, such as interest and real estate taxes, are expensed as incurred. Land held for sale includes land and lots that do not fit within our homebuilding programs or strategic plans in certain markets, and land is classified as held for sale once certain criteria are met (refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements within our 2024 Annual Report). These assets are recorded at the lower of the carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. The amount of interest we are able to capitalize depends on our qualified inventory balance, which considers the status of our inventory holdings. Our qualified inventory balance includes the majority of our homes under construction and land under development but excludes land held for future development and land held for sale (see Note 5 for additional information on capitalized interest). Total owned inventory by reportable segment and Corporate and unallocated is presented in the table below as of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024:
in thousands | Projects in Progress(a) |  | Land Held for Future Development |  | Land Held for Sale |  | Total Owned Inventory
June 30, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West | $ | 1,117,885 |  |  | $ | 3,483 |  |  | $ | 24,811 |  |  | $ | 1,146,179 |
East | 457,064 |  |  | 10,888 |  |  | 14,357 |  |  | 482,309 |
Southeast | 430,325 |  |  | 5,118 |  |  | 4,856 |  |  | 440,299 |
Corporate and unallocated(b) | 223,276 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 223,276 |
Total | $ | 2,228,550 |  |  | $ | 19,489 |  |  | $ | 44,024 |  |  | $ | 2,292,063 |
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West | $ | 1,023,140 |  |  | $ | 3,483 |  |  | $ | 17,110 |  |  | $ | 1,043,733 |
East | 411,914 |  |  | 10,888 |  |  | 1,300 |  |  | 424,102 |
Southeast | 365,676 |  |  | 5,508 |  |  | 676 |  |  | 371,860 |
Corporate and unallocated(b) | 200,945 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 200,945 |
Total | $ | 2,001,675 |  |  | $ | 19,879 |  |  | $ | 19,086 |  |  | $ | 2,040,640 |
(a) Projects in progress include homes under construction, land under development, capitalized interest, and model home categories from the preceding table. (b) Projects in progress amount includes capitalized interest and indirect costs that are maintained within Corporate and unallocated. Inventory Impairments Inventory assets are assessed for recoverability periodically in accordance with the policies described in Notes 2 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements within our 2024 Annual Report. The following table presents by reportable segment and Corporate and unallocated our total impairment and abandonment charges for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Nine Months Ended June 30,
in thousands | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Projects in Progress: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West | $ | 2,236 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,236 |  |  | $ | — |
Southeast | 5,404 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,404 |  |  | — |
Corporate and unallocated(a) | 1,002 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,002 |  |  | — |
Total impairment charges on projects in progress | 8,642 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,642 |  |  | — |
Land Held for Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West | 845 |  |  | — |  |  | 845 |  |  | — |
Corporate and unallocated(a) | 621 |  |  | — |  |  | 621 |  |  | — |
Total impairment charges on land held for sale | 1,466 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,466 |  |  | — |
Abandonments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 528 |  |  | 9 |
East | — |  |  | 91 |  |  | — |  |  | 91 |
Southeast | 231 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 231 |  |  | 100 |
Total abandonments charges | 231 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 759 |  |  | 200 |
Total impairment and abandonment charges | $ | 10,339 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | 10,867 |  |  | $ | 200 |
(a) Amount represents capitalized interest and indirects balance that was impaired. Capitalized interest and indirects are maintained within Corporate and unallocated. Projects in Progress Impairments Projects in progress inventory includes homes under construction and land under development grouped together as communities. Projects in progress are stated at cost unless facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. We assess our projects in progress inventory for indicators of impairment at the community level on a quarterly basis. If indicators of impairment are present for a community with more than ten homes remaining to close, we perform a recoverability test by comparing the expected undiscounted cash flows for the community to its carrying value. If the aggregate undiscounted cash flows are in excess of the carrying value, the asset is considered to be recoverable and is not impaired. If the carrying value exceeds the aggregate undiscounted cash flows, we perform a discounted cash flow analysis to determine the fair value of the community, and impairment charges are recorded if the fair value of the community's inventory is less than its carrying value. Valuation assumptions for communities tested for impairment are specific to each community. For projects in progress impaired during the periods presented, we determined the fair value of each community by discounting its estimated future cash flows at a rate commensurate with the risks associated with the underlying community. The discount rate used depends on (1) community specific factors such as product types, development stage and expected duration of the project, and competitive factors influencing the sales performance of the community, (2) local market factors such as employment levels, consumer confidence and existing supply of new and used homes for sale, and (3) other specific factors. The estimated future cash flows for each community were determined based on the expected pace of closings and average sales price less expected costs for land acquisition and land development, direct construction, overhead and interest. The assumptions used in the determination of fair value of projects in progress communities are based on factors known to us at the time such estimates are made and our expectations of future operations and market conditions. Due to uncertainties in the estimation process, the significant volatility in market conditions, the long life cycles of many communities, and potential changes in our strategy related to certain communities, actual results could differ significantly from our estimates. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, we performed discounted cash flow analyses to determine the fair value of two projects in progress communities, one located in our Phoenix market and the other in our Orlando market. These analyses led to an $8.6 million projects in progress impairment charge, principally due to a reduction in price that is other than temporary based on current competitive and market dynamics. No projects in progress impairments were recognized during the three and nine ended June 30, 2024. The following table presents by reportable segment and Corporate and unallocated details of the impairment charges taken on projects in progress for the period presented:
$ in thousands | Results of Impairment Analysis
| # of Communities Impaired |  | # of Lots Impaired |  | Impairment Charge |  | Estimated Fair Value of Impaired Inventory at Time of Impairment(b)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West | 1 |  | 24 |  | $ | 2,236 |  |  | $ | 5,003 |
Southeast | 1 |  | 65 |  | 5,404 |  |  | 11,837 |
Corporate and unallocated(a) | — |  | — |  | 1,002 |  |  | 2,210 |
Total | 2 |  | 89 |  | $ | 8,642 |  |  | $ | 19,050 |
(a) Amount represents the capitalized interest and indirects balances that were impaired. Capitalized interest and indirects are maintained within Corporate and unallocated. (b) Projects in progress assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis when events and circumstances indicate that their carrying value is not recoverable. The fair val ue of projects in progress is determined using Level 3 unobservable inputs. Refer to Note 9 for further discussion of our fair value measurements and hierarchy levels. The following table presents the ranges or values of significant quantitative unobservable inputs we used in determining the fair value of the communities impaired during the period presented:
$ in thousands |
Unobservable Inputs | Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Average selling price | $360 - $444
Closings per community per month | 1 - 6
Discount rate | 15.0 | %
Land Held for Sale Impairments We evaluate the fair value less cost to sell of a land held for sale asset when indicators of impairment are present. Impairments on land held for sale generally represent write downs of these properties from their carrying values to estimated fair value less cost to sell based on executed sales contracts, current sales prices for comparable assets in the area, recent market analysis studies, appraisals, recent legitimate offers and listing prices of similar properties, as applicable. Absent an executed sales contract, our assumptions related to land sales prices are based on factors known to us at the time such estimates are made and require significant judgment because the real estate market is highly sensitive to changes in economic conditions, and our estimates of sale prices could differ significantly from actual results. In conjunction with the discounted cash flow analysis conducted for the project in progress community in Phoenix discussed above, we performed a strategic review of this community and determined to sell a portion of the lots that were no longer aligned with our operating plans. As a result of this change in strategy, we reclassified 38 lots from project in progress to land held for sale and recognized a land held for sale impairment charge of $1.5 million during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025. No land held for sale impairments were recognized during the three and nine ended June 30, 2024. The following table presents by reportable segment and Corporate and unallocated details of the impairment charges taken on land held for sale for the period presented:
$ in thousands | Results of Impairment Analysis
| # of Communities Impaired |  | # of Lots Impaired |  | Impairment Charge |  | Estimated Fair V alue Less Cost to Sell of Impaired Inventory at Time of Impairment(b)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
West | 1 |  | 38 |  | $ | 845 |  |  | $ | 3,686 |
Corporate and unallocated(a) | — |  | — |  | 621 |  |  | — |
Total | 1 |  | 38 |  | $ | 1,466 |  |  | $ | 3,686 |
(a) Amount represents the capitalized interest and indirects balances that were impaired. Capitalized interest and indirects are maintained within Corporate and unallocated. (b) Land held for sale assets are measured at fair value less cost to sell on a non-recurring basis when events and circumstances indicate that their carrying value is not recovera ble. The fair values of land held for sale assets are determined using Level 3 unobservable inputs. Refer to Note 9 for further discussion of our fair value measurements and hierarchy levels. Abandonments From time to time, we may determine to abandon lots or not exercise certain option agreements that are not projected to produce adequate results or no longer fit with our long-term strategic plan. Additionally, in certain limited instances, we are forced to abandon lots due to seller non-performance, permitting or other regulatory issues that do not allow us to build on those lots. If we intend to no longer pursue the purchase of property, we record an abandonment charge to earnings for the non-refundable deposit amount and any related capitalized costs in the period such decision is made. We recognized $0.2 million and $0.8 million of abandonment charges during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. We recognized $0.2 million of abandonment charges during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024. A s we grow our business in the years ahead, the dollar value of abandonment charges may also grow. Lot Option Agreements In addition to purchasing land directly, we utilize lot option agreements that enable us to defer acquiring portions of properties owned by third parties and unconsolidated entities until we have determined whether to exercise our lot option. The majority of our lot option agreements require a non-refundable cash deposit or issuance of an irrevocable letter of credit or surety bond based on a percentage of the purchase price of the land for the right to acquire lots during a specified period at a specified price. Purchase of the properties under these agreements is contingent upon satisfaction of certain requirements by us and the sellers. Under lot option agreements, our liability is generally limited to forfeiture of the non-refundable deposits, letters of credit or surety bonds, and other non-refundable amounts incurred. If the Company cancels a lot option agreement, the cancellation would result in a write-off of the related deposits and pre-acquisition costs but would not expose the Company to the overall risks or losses of the applicable entity we are purchasing from. We expect to exercise, subject to market conditions and seller satisfaction of contract terms, most of our remaining option agreements. Various factors, some of which are beyond our control, such as market conditions, weather conditions, and the timing of the completion of development activities, will have a significant impact on the timing of option exercises or whether lot options will be exercised at all. The following table provides a summary of our interests in lot option agreements as of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024:
| As of June 30, 2025 |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  |
in thousands |  |  |  |  |
Deposits and non-refundable pre-acquisition costs incurred(a) | $ | 322,574 |  |  | $ | 227,770 |  |  |
Remaining purchase price if lot option agreements are exercised | $ | 1,651,071 |  |  | $ | 1,458,679 |  |  |
(a) Amount is included as a component of land under development within our owned inventory in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for inventory. Includes, but is not limited to, the basis of stating inventory, the method of determining inventory cost, the classes of inventory, and the nature of the cost elements included in inventory. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 330 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/330/tableOfContent + Details
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