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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2014
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Reclassifications Reclassifications are related to the treatment of sold properties as discontinued operations on the statement of operations for all periods presented. See Recent Accounting Pronouncements below for revisions to the accounting guidance for discontinued operations. Principles of Consolidation When the Company obtains an economic interest in an entity, the Company evaluates the entity to determine if the entity is deemed a variable interest entity (“VIE”), and if the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary, in accordance with the accounting standard for the consolidation of variable interest entities. The accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs requires the Company to qualitatively assess if the Company was the primary beneficiary of the VIEs based on whether the Company had (i) the power to direct those matters that most significantly impacted the activities of the VIE and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. For entities determined to be VIEs, but for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary, the Company's maximum exposure to loss is the carrying amount of its investments. As of December 31, 2014, the Company has provided guarantees on behalf of certain real estate ventures, consisting of (i) a $24.7 million payment guaranty on the construction loan for the project being undertaken by evo at Cira; (ii) a $3.2 million payment guarantee on the construction loan for a project being undertaken by TB-BDN Plymouth Apartments; and (iii) a $0.5 million payment guarantee on a loan provided to PJP VII. When an entity is not deemed to be a VIE, the Company considers the provisions of the same accounting standard to determine whether a general partner/managing member, or the general partners/managing members as a group, controls a limited partnership or similar entity when the limited partners/non-managing members have certain rights. The Company consolidates (i) entities that are VIEs and of which the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary and (ii) entities that are non-VIEs and controlled by the Company and in which the limited partners neither have the ability to dissolve the entity or remove the Company without cause nor any substantive participating rights. Entities that the Company accounts for under the equity method (i.e., at cost, increased or decreased by the Company's share of earnings or losses, plus contributions, less distributions) include (i) entities that are VIEs and of which the Company is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary (ii) entities that are non-VIEs which the Company does not control, but over which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence and (iii) entities that are non-VIEs for which the Company maintains an ownership interest through its general partner/managing member status, but the limited partners/non-managing members in the entity have the substantive ability to dissolve the entity or remove the Company without cause or have substantive participating rights. Currently there are no real estate ventures that a limited partner/non-managing member has the unilateral right to dissolve. The Company continuously assesses its determination of whether an entity is a VIE and who the primary beneficiary is, and whether or not the limited partners/non-managing members in an entity have substantive rights, more particularly if certain events occur that are likely to cause a change in the original determinations. The Company's assessment includes a review of applicable documents such as, but not limited to, applicable partnership agreements, LLC and other real estate venture agreements and management and leasing agreements to determine whether the Company has control to direct the business activities of the entities. The portion of the consolidated entities that is not owned by the Company is presented as non-controlling interest as of and during the periods consolidated. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management makes significant estimates regarding revenue, valuation of real estate and related intangible assets and liabilities, impairment of long-lived assets, allowance for doubtful accounts and deferred costs. Operating Properties Operating properties are carried at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The cost of operating properties reflects their purchase price or development cost. Acquisition costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred, whereas the costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as incurred. Costs incurred for the renovation and betterment of an operating property are capitalized to the Company’s investment in that property. Ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Major replacements and betterments, which improve or extend the life of the asset, are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Fully-depreciated assets are removed from the accounts. Purchase Price Allocation The Company allocates the purchase price of properties considered to be business combinations to net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired based on fair values. Above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties are recorded based on the present value (using an interest rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) the Company’s estimate of the fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease (including the below market fixed renewal period, if applicable). Capitalized above-market lease values are amortized as a reduction of rental income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases. Capitalized below-market lease values are amortized as an increase to rental income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases, including any below market fixed-rate renewal periods. Other intangible assets also include in-place leases based on the Company’s evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and the Company’s overall relationship with the respective tenant. The Company estimates the cost to execute leases with terms similar to the remaining lease terms of the in-place leases, including leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses. This intangible asset is amortized to expense over the remaining term of the respective leases and any fixed-rate bargain renewal periods. Company estimates of value are made using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers or by using independent appraisals. Factors considered by the Company in this analysis include an estimate of the carrying costs during the expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, the Company includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, which primarily range from four to twelve months. The Company also considers information obtained about each property as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired. The Company also uses the information obtained as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence as part of its consideration of the accounting standard governing asset retirement obligations and when necessary, will record a conditional asset retirement obligation as part of its purchase price. Though the Company considers the value of tenant relationships, the amounts are determined on a tenant-specific basis. On certain of our acquisitions this intangible has been deemed immaterial. In these instances no related intangible value is assigned. In the event that a tenant terminates its lease, the unamortized portion of each intangible, including in-place lease values and tenant relationship values, is charged to expense and market rate adjustments (above or below) are recorded to revenue. Depreciation and Amortization The costs of buildings and improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method based on the following useful lives: buildings and improvements (5 to 55 years) and tenant improvements (the shorter of (i) the life of the asset, 1 to 16 years, or (ii) the lease term). Construction in Progress Project costs directly associated with the development and construction of a real estate project are capitalized as construction in progress. Construction in progress also includes costs related to ongoing tenant improvement projects. In addition, interest, real estate taxes and other expenses that are directly associated with the Company’s development activities are capitalized until the property is placed in service. Internal direct costs are capitalized to projects in which qualifying expenditures are being incurred. Internal direct construction costs totaling $5.2 million in 2014, $3.7 million in 2013, $4.7 million in 2012 and interest totaling $4.8 million in 2014, $2.6 million in 2013, and $2.6 million in 2012 were capitalized related to development of certain properties and land holdings. The increase in capitalized costs is due to the development activity. See Item 1., "Business - Developments," for further discussion. During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company's internal direct construction costs are comprised entirely of capitalized salaries. The following table shows the amount of compensation costs (including bonuses and benefits) capitalized for the years presented (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Development | $ | 1,749 |  |  | $ | 156 |  |  | $ | 57 |
Redevelopment | 184 |  |  | 194 |  |  | 353 |
Tenant Improvements | 3,261 |  |  | 3,323 |  |  | 4,259 |
Total | $ | 5,194 |  |  | $ | 3,673 |  |  | $ | 4,669 |
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment following the end of each quarter and when there is an event or change in circumstances that indicates an impairment in value. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. In such case, an impairment loss is recognized in the amount of the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its fair value. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is highly subjective and is based in part on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results in future periods. Since cash flows on properties considered to be “long-lived assets to be held and used” are considered on an undiscounted basis to determine whether an asset has been impaired, the Company's established strategy of holding properties over the long term directly decreases the likelihood of recording an impairment loss. If the Company's holding strategy were to change or if market conditions were to otherwise dictate an earlier sale date, then an impairment loss may be recognized and such loss could be material. If the Company determines that impairment has occurred, the affected assets must be reduced to their fair value. The Company generally consider assets to be “held for sale” when the transaction has been approved by our Board of Trustees, or by officers vested with authority to approve the transaction and there are no known significant contingencies relating to the sale of the property within one year of the consideration date and the consummation of the transaction is otherwise considered probable. Following the classification of a property as “held for sale,” no further depreciation is recorded on the assets, and the asset is written down to the lower of carrying value or fair market value. The relevant accounting guidance for impairments requires that qualifying assets and liabilities and the results of operations that have been sold, or otherwise qualify as “held for sale,” be presented as discontinued operations in all periods presented if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results. The components of the property’s net income that is reflected as discontinued operations include the net gain (or loss) upon the disposition of the property held for sale, operating results, depreciation and interest expense (if the property is subject to a secured loan). The Company recorded a provision for impairment on assets held for sale during the twelve months ended December 31, 2014 of $1.8 million. These properties were sold on October 24, 2014, at which time the Company recorded a $0.2 million gain. For further information regarding the impairment, see Note 3, "Real Estate Investments." During its impairment review as of December 31, 2014, the Company determined that no additional impairment charges were necessary. The Company determined during its impairment review of the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, that no impairment charges were necessary. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents are highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company maintains cash equivalents in financial institutions in excess of insured limits, but believes this risk is mitigated by only investing in or through major financial institutions. Restricted Cash Restricted cash consists of cash held as collateral to provide credit enhancement for the Company’s mortgage debt, cash for property taxes, capital expenditures and tenant improvements. Accounts Receivable and Accrued Rent Receivable Leases with tenants are accounted for as operating leases. Minimum annual rentals under tenant leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease. The cumulative difference between lease revenue recognized under the straight-line method and contractual lease payment terms is recorded as “accrued rent receivable, net” on the accompanying balance sheets. Included in current tenant receivables are tenant reimbursements which are comprised of amounts recoverable from tenants for common area maintenance expenses and certain other recoverable expenses that are recognized as revenue in the period in which the related expenses are incurred. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, no tenant represented more than 10% of accounts receivable and accrued rent receivable. Tenant receivables and accrued rent receivables are carried net of the allowances for doubtful accounts of $2.0 million and $13.4 million in 2014, respectively and $3.2 million and $13.0 million in 2013, respectively. The allowance is an estimate based on two calculations that are combined to determine the total amount reserved. First, the Company evaluates specific accounts where it has determined that a tenant may have an inability to meet its financial obligations. In these situations, the Company uses its judgment, based on the facts and circumstances, and records a specific reserve for that tenant against amounts due to reduce the receivable to the amount that the Company expects to collect. These reserves are reevaluated and adjusted as additional information becomes available. Second, a reserve is established for all tenants based on a range of percentages applied to receivable aging categories for tenant receivables. For accrued rent receivables, the Company considers the results of the evaluation of specific accounts and also considers other factors including assigning risk factors to different industries based on its tenants SIC classification. Considering various factors including assigning a risk factor to different industries, these percentages are based on historical collection and write-off experience adjusted for current market conditions, which requires management’s judgments. Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures The Company accounts for its investments in unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures under the equity method of accounting as it is not the primary beneficiary (for VIEs) and the Company exercises significant influence, but does not control these entities under the provisions of the entities’ governing agreements pursuant to the accounting standard for the consolidation of VIEs. When the Company determines that its investment in an unconsolidated Real Estate Venture does not constitute a VIE, the Company utilizes the voting interest model under the accounting standard for consolidation to determine whether to consolidate the venture. Under the equity method, investments in unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures are recorded initially at cost, as investments in Real Estate Ventures, and subsequently adjusted for equity in earnings, cash contributions, less distributions and impairments. For Real Estate Ventures that are constructing assets to commence planned principal operations, the Company capitalizes interest expense using its weighted average interest rate of consolidated debt and its investment balance as a basis. Planned principal operations commence when a property is available to lease and at that point in time the Company ceases capitalizing interest to its investment basis. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 the Company capitalized interest expense of $2.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively. On a periodic basis, management also assesses whether there are any indicators that the value of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures may be other than temporarily impaired. An investment is impaired only if the value of the investment, as estimated by management, is less than the carrying value of the investment and the decline is other than temporary. To the extent that an impairment has occurred, the loss shall be measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the investment over the fair value of the investment, as estimated by management. The determination as to whether an impairment exists requires significant management judgment about the fair value of its ownership interest. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including but not limited to, discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third party appraisals. When the Company acquires an interest in or contributes assets to a real estate venture project, the difference between the Company’s cost basis in the investment and the value of the real estate venture or asset contributed is amortized over the life of the related assets, intangibles and liabilities and such adjustment is included in the Company’s share of equity in income of unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures. For purposes of cash flow presentation, distributions from unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures are presented as part of operating activities when they are considered as return on investments. Distributions in excess of the Company’s share in the cumulative unconsolidated Real Estate Ventures’ earnings are considered as return of investments and are presented as part of investing activities in accordance with the accounting standard for cash flow presentation. Deferred Costs Costs incurred in connection with property leasing are capitalized as deferred leasing costs. Deferred leasing costs consist primarily of leasing commissions and internal leasing costs that are amortized using the straight-line method over the life of the respective lease which generally ranges from 1 to 15 years. Management re-evaluates the remaining useful lives of leasing costs as economic and market conditions change. Costs incurred in connection with debt financing are capitalized as deferred financing costs and charged to interest expense over the terms of the related debt agreements. Deferred financing costs consist primarily of loan fees which are amortized over the related loan term on a basis that approximates the effective interest method. Deferred financing costs are accelerated, when debt is extinguished, as part of interest expense- amortization of deferred financing costs within the Company's consolidated statements of operations. Original issue discounts are recognized as part of the gain or loss on extinguishment of debt, as appropriate. Notes Receivable The Company accounts for notes receivable on its balance sheet at amortized cost, net of allowance for loan losses. Interest income is recognized over the term of the notes receivable and is calculated based on the terms on the contractual terms of each note agreement. Notes receivable are placed on nonaccrual status when management determines, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, that the loans are impaired or collection of interest is doubtful. Uncollectible interest previously accrued is recognized as bad debt expense. Interest income on nonaccrual loans is recognized only to the extent that cash payments are received. On October 17, 2014, the Austin Venture acquired River Place and funded $88.0 million of the purchase price with a short-term loan, secured by a mortgage. The short-term financing was provided by the Company and the Austin Venture is currently seeking permanent financing. The debt agreement for the short-term loan provides financing through March 2015 at the following tiered interest rates; (i) 4.0% through December 31, 2014, (ii) 5.0% from January 1, 2015 through January 31, 2015, (iii) 7.0% from February 1, 2015 through February 28, 2015 and (iv) 9.0% from March 1, 2015 through March 31, 2015. The Austin Venture may repay the short-term loan at any time without penalty. During 2014 the Company recognized $0.7 million of interest income relating to this note. See Note 21, "Subsequent Events," for repayment of this note. As of December 31, 2013, notes receivable included a purchase money mortgage with a 20-year amortization period bearing interest at 8.5%, which was valued at $7.0 million. The borrower had previously defaulted on the note. As a result, a forbearance agreement dated October 2011, as amended by a second forbearance agreement dated July 9, 2013, was entered into between the Company and the borrower, outlining the repayment terms of the outstanding debt and capping interest at $1.5 million. The Company has determined that the loan modifications represent a troubled debt restructuring due to the fact that the borrower was considered to be in a financial difficulty when it defaulted on the mortgage debt, and that a concession was granted in the form of the forbearance agreements. In accordance with relevant the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructuring, this note remained in a non-accrual status through 2014 and as such, interest is recorded to income as received. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2014, the borrower fully repaid the principal balance of $7.0 million. As to the interest accrued on the notes, $1.5 million has been received in cash and recognized as interest income during the fourth quarter of 2014. During 2012, the $23.5 million seven year purchase money mortgage note receivable (balance as of the payment date, including accrued but unpaid interest), which related to the 2009 sale of two Trenton properties, was paid in full prior to its scheduled maturity of October 2016. The Company also recognized a $12.9 million deferred gain and $1.0 million of interest income at the time of payment, in accordance with the accounting standard for installment sales. Revenue Recognition Rental revenue is recognized on the straight-line basis, which averages minimum rents over the terms of the leases from the later of the date of the commencement of the lease or the date of acquisition of the property subject to existing leases. The straight-line rent adjustment increased revenue by approximately $13.7 million in 2014, $17.7 million in 2013 and $21.1 million in 2012. Deferred rents on the balance sheet represent rental revenue received prior to their due dates and amounts paid by the tenant for certain improvements considered to be landlord assets that will remain as the Company’s property at the end of the tenant’s lease term. The amortization of the amounts paid by the tenant for such improvements is calculated on a straight-line basis over the term of the tenant’s lease and is a component of straight-line rental income and increased revenue by $2.4 million in each of 2014, 2013 and 2012. Lease incentives, which are included as reductions of rental revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives decreased revenue by $1.5 million in 2014, $0.7 million in 2013, and $0.8 million in 2012. The Company's leases also typically provide for tenant reimbursement of a portion of common area maintenance expenses and other operating expenses to the extent that a tenant’s pro rata share of expenses exceeds a base year level set in the lease or to the extent that the tenant has a lease on a triple net basis. For certain leases, the Company makes significant assumptions and judgments in determining the lease term, including assumptions when the lease provides the tenant with an early termination option. The lease term impacts the period over which the Company determines and records minimum rents and also impacts the period over which the Company amortizes lease-related costs. In addition, the Company's rental revenue is impacted by the Company's determination of whether improvements to the properties, whether made by the Company or by the tenant, are landlord assets. The determination of whether an improvement is a landlord asset requires judgment. In making this judgment, our primary consideration is whether the improvement would be utilizable by another tenant upon move out of the improved space by the then-existing tenant. If the Company has funded an improvement that it determines not to be landlord assets, then it treats the costs of the improvement as lease incentives. If the tenant has funded the improvement that the Company determines to be landlord assets, then the Company treats the costs of the improvement as deferred revenue and amortize this cost into revenue over the lease term. Recoveries from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance expenses, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs are recognized as revenue in the period during which the expenses are incurred. Tenant reimbursements are recognized and presented in accordance with accounting guidance which requires that these reimbursements be recorded on a gross basis because the Company is generally the primary obligor with respect to the goods and services the purchase of which gives rise to the reimbursement obligation; because the Company has discretion in selecting the vendors and suppliers; and because the Company bears the credit risk in the event they do not reimburse the Company. The Company also receives payments from third parties for reimbursement of a portion of the payroll and payroll-related costs for certain of the Company's personnel allocated to perform services for these third parties and reflects these payments on a gross basis. The Company recognizes gains on sales of real estate at times and in amounts determined in accordance with the accounting guidance for sales of real estate. The guidance takes into account the terms of the transaction and any continuing involvement, including in the form of management, leasing of space or financial assistance associated with the properties. If the sales criteria for the full accrual method are not met, then the Company defers some or all of the gain recognition and account for the continued operations of the property by applying the finance, leasing, profit sharing, deposit, installment or cost recovery method, as appropriate, until the sales criteria are met. The Company derives parking revenues from leases, monthly parking and transient parking. The Company recognizes parking revenue as earned. The Company receives leasing commission income, management fees and development fees from third parties. Leasing commission income is earned based on a percentage of gross rental income upon a tenant signing a lease with a third party lessor. Property management fees are recorded and earned based on a percentage of collected rents at the properties under management, and not on a straight-line basis, because such fees are contingent upon the collection of rents. The Company records development fees as earned taking into account the risk associated with each project. Profit on development fees earned from joint venture projects is recognized as revenue to the extent of the third party partners’ ownership interest. No tenant represented greater than 10% of the Company’s rental revenue in 2014, 2013 or 2012. Income Taxes Parent Company The Parent Company has elected to be treated as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). In order to continue to qualify as a REIT, the Parent Company is required to, among other things, distribute at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income to its shareholders and meet certain tests regarding the nature of its income and assets. As a REIT, the Parent Company is not subject to federal and state income taxes with respect to the portion of its income that meets certain criteria and is distributed annually to its shareholders. Accordingly, no provision for federal and state income taxes is included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements with respect to the operations of the Parent Company. The Parent Company intends to continue to operate in a manner that allows it to meet the requirements for taxation as a REIT. If the Parent Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal and state income taxes and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for the four subsequent tax years. The Parent Company is subject to certain local income taxes. Provision for such taxes has been included in general and administrative expenses in the Parent Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The tax basis of the Parent Company’s assets was $3.7 billion and $4.0 billion for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Parent Company is subject to a 4% federal excise tax if sufficient taxable income is not distributed within prescribed time limits. The excise tax equals 4% of the annual amount, if any, by which the sum of (a) 85% of the Parent Company’s ordinary income and (b) 95% of the Parent Company’s net capital gain exceeds cash distributions and certain taxes paid by the Parent Company. No excise tax was incurred in 2014, 2013, or 2012. The Parent Company has elected to treat several of its subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries (each a “TRS”). A TRS is subject to federal, state and local income tax. In general, a TRS may perform non-customary services for tenants, hold assets that the Parent Company, as a REIT, cannot hold directly and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate related business. The Company’s taxable REIT subsidiaries did not have significant tax provisions or deferred income tax items as of December 31, 2014 and 2013. Operating Partnership In general, the Operating Partnership is not subject to federal and state income taxes, and accordingly, no provision for income taxes has been made in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The partners of the Operating Partnership are required to include their respective share of the Operating Partnership’s profits or losses in their respective tax returns. The Operating Partnership’s tax returns and the amount of allocable Partnership profits and losses are subject to examination by federal and state taxing authorities. If such examination results in changes to the Operating Partnership profits or losses, then the tax liability of the partners would be changed accordingly. The tax basis of the Operating Partnership’s assets was $3.7 billion and $4.0 billion for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Operating Partnership may elect to treat one or more of its subsidiaries as REITs under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code. Each subsidiary REIT has met the requirements for treatment as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, and, accordingly, no provision has been made for federal and state income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. If any subsidiary REIT fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, that subsidiary REIT will be subject to federal and state income taxes and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for the four subsequent taxable years. Also, each subsidiary REIT may be subject to certain local income taxes. The Operating Partnership has elected to treat several of its subsidiaries as TRSs, which are subject to federal, state and local income tax. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders, as adjusted for unallocated earnings, if any, of certain securities, by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur from shares issuable in connection with awards under share-based compensation plans, including upon the exercise of stock options, and conversion of the noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership. Earnings Per Unit Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common unitholders, as adjusted for unallocated earnings, if any, of certain securities issued by the Operating Partnership, by the weighted average number of common unit equivalents outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur from shares issuable in connection with awards under share-based compensation plans, including upon the exercise of stock options. Stock-Based Compensation Plans The Parent Company maintains a shareholder-approved equity-incentive plan known as the Amended and Restated 1997 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “1997 Plan”). The 1997 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Parent Company’s Board of Trustees. Under the 1997 Plan, the Compensation Committee is authorized to award equity and equity-based awards, including incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted shares and performance-based shares. On June 2, 2010, the Parent Company’s shareholders approved amendments to the 1997 Plan that, among other things, increased the number of common shares available for future awards under the 1997 Plan by 6,000,000 (of which 3,600,000 shares are available solely for options and share appreciation rights). As of December 31, 2014, 4,304,006 common shares remained available for future awards under the 1997 Plan (including 2,684,795 shares available solely for options and share appreciation rights). Through December 31, 2014 all options awarded under the 1997 Plan had a one to ten-year term. The Company incurred stock-based compensation expense of $6.1 million during 2014, of which $1.7 million was capitalized as part of the Company’s review of employee salaries eligible for capitalization. The Company incurred stock-based compensation expense of $8.3 million and $8.6 million during 2013 and 2012, of which $1.4 million and $2.6 million, respectively, were also capitalized. The expensed amounts are included in general and administrative expense on the Company’s consolidated income statement in the respective periods. Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income is recorded in accordance with the provisions of the accounting standard for comprehensive income. The accounting standard establishes standards for reporting comprehensive income and its components in the financial statements. Comprehensive income includes the effective portions of changes in the fair value of derivatives. Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities The Company accounts for its derivative instruments and hedging activities in accordance with the accounting standard for derivative and hedging activities. The accounting standard requires the Company to measure every derivative instrument (including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts) at fair value and record them in the balance sheet as either an asset or liability. See disclosures below related to the accounting standard for fair value measurements and disclosures. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portions of changes in the fair value of the derivative are reported in other comprehensive income while the ineffective portions are recognized in earnings. The Company actively manages its ratio of fixed-to-floating rate debt. To manage its fixed and floating rate debt in a cost-effective manner, the Company, from time to time, enters into interest rate swap agreements as cash flow hedges, under which it agrees to exchange various combinations of fixed and/or variable interest rates based on agreed upon notional amounts. Fair Value Measurements The Company estimates the fair value of its derivatives in accordance with the accounting standard for fair value measurements and disclosures. The accounting standard defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. It also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. Financial assets and liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheets are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:
• | Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access;
• | Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals; and
• | Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which is typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity or information.
In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance regarding an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which requires management to assess a company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. Before this new standard, there was minimal guidance in U.S. GAAP specific to going concern. Under the new standard, disclosures are required when conditions give rise to substantial doubt about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the financial statement issuance date. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period, with early adoption permitted. The Company has not yet determined the impact, if any, that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. In May 2014 FASB issued guidance requiring revenue to be recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for goods and services. The guidance requires the disclosure of sufficient quantitative and qualitative information for financial statement users to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and associated cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period, with early adoption precluded. The Company has not yet determined the impact, if any, that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial position or results of operations. In April 2014 the FASB issued revised guidance on discontinued operations and disclosures of disposals of components of an entity. The update revises the definition to include only disposals involving a strategic shift that has a major effect on the entity’s operations and financial results when the disposal asset or group meets the existing criterion for treatment as held for sale. Examples of a strategic shift include the withdrawal from a major geographic area, line of business, equity method investment or any other major parts of a business, as applicable. A component of the entity comprises operations and cash flows that can be clearly distinguished, operationally and for financial reporting purposes, from the rest of the entity. In addition, the revised standard no longer precludes presentation as a discontinued operation if there are operations and cash flows of the component that have not been eliminated from the reporting entity’s ongoing operations, or if there is significant continuing involvement with a component after its disposal. The amendments require additional disclosures about discontinued operations including; the major classes of net income or loss where net income is otherwise presented, the operating and investing cash flows of discontinued operations where net income is otherwise presented, depreciation, amortization, capital expenditures and significant operating and investing non-cash items of the discontinued operation for the periods in which net income is otherwise presented and, if there is a non-controlling interest, the related allocation to the parent company. Application is prospective, and required for periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014. This update should not be applied to assets classified as held for sale before the effective date even if the component of an entity is disposed of after the effective date. Early adoption is permitted for disposals or assets held for sale that have not been reported in the financial statements previously issued or available for issuance. The Company has elected to early adopt this standard as of January 1, 2014. All properties sold or determined held for sale prior to January 1, 2014 are classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented.

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