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Note 21 - Regulatory Matters | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Notes to Financial Statements |
Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Text Block] | NOTE 21 - REGULATORY MATTERS We are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and prompt corrective action regulations involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors, and the regulators can lower classifications in certain cases. Failure to meet various capital requirements can initiate regulatory action that could have a direct material effect on the financial statements. The prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications, including well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If an institution is not well capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. Subject to limited exceptions, no institution may make a capital distribution if, after making the distribution, it would be undercapitalized. If an institution is undercapitalized, it is subject to close monitoring by its principal federal regulator, its asset growth and expansion are restricted, and plans for capital restoration are required. In addition, further specific types of restrictions may be imposed on the institution at the discretion of the federal regulator. At year-end 2016 and 2015, our Bank was in the well capitalized category under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since December 31, 2016 that we believe have changed our Bank’s categorization. Our actual capital levels (dollars in thousands) and minimum required levels were:
|  | Actual |  |  | Minimum Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes |  |  | Minimum Required to be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Regulations |
|  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital (to risk weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 354,278 |  |  |  | 13.1 | % |  | $ | 215,819 |  |  |  | 8.0 | % |  | $ | NA |  |  |  | NA |
Bank |  |  | 353,243 |  |  |  | 13.1 |  |  |  | 215,605 |  |  |  | 8.0 |  |  |  | 269,506 |  |  |  | 10.0 | %
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 336,316 |  |  |  | 12.5 |  |  |  | 161,864 |  |  |  | 6.0 |  |  |  | NA |  |  |  | NA |
Bank |  |  | 335,282 |  |  |  | 12.4 |  |  |  | 161,704 |  |  |  | 6.0 |  |  |  | 215,605 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
Common equity (to risk weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 293,555 |  |  |  | 10.9 |  |  |  | 121,398 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | NA |  |  |  | NA |
Bank |  |  | 335,282 |  |  |  | 12.4 |  |  |  | 121,278 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | 175,179 |  |  |  | 6.5 |
Tier 1 capital (to average assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 336,316 |  |  |  | 11.2 |  |  |  | 120,486 |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | NA |  |  |  | NA |
Bank |  |  | 335,282 |  |  |  | 11.1 |  |  |  | 120,383 |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | 150,479 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
|  | Actual |  |  | Minimum Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes |  |  | Minimum Required to be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Regulations |
|  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital (to risk weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 345,539 |  |  |  | 13.5 | % |  | $ | 205,602 |  |  |  | 8.0 | % |  | $ | NA |  |  |  | NA |
Bank |  |  | 347,433 |  |  |  | 13.5 |  |  |  | 205,624 |  |  |  | 8.0 |  |  |  | 257,030 |  |  |  | 10.0 | %
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 329,858 |  |  |  | 12.8 |  |  |  | 154,201 |  |  |  | 6.0 |  |  |  | NA |  |  |  | NA |
Bank |  |  | 331,752 |  |  |  | 12.9 |  |  |  | 154,218 |  |  |  | 6.0 |  |  |  | 205,624 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
Common equity (to risk weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 280,171 |  |  |  | 10.9 |  |  |  | 115,804 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | NA |  |  |  | NA |
Bank |  |  | 331,752 |  |  |  | 12.9 |  |  |  | 115,664 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | 167,070 |  |  |  | 6.5 |
Tier 1 capital (to average assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 329,858 |  |  |  | 11.6 |  |  |  | 114,138 |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | NA |  |  |  | NA |
Bank |  |  | 331,752 |  |  |  | 11.6 |  |  |  | 114,280 |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | 142,850 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
Under the final Basel III capital rules that became effective on January 1, 2015, there is a requirement for a common equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets which is in addition to the other minimum risk-based capital standards in the rule. Institutions that do not meet this required capital buffer will become subject to progressively more stringent limitations on the percentage of earnings that can be paid out in cash dividends or used for stock repurchases and on the payment of discretionary bonuses to senior executive management. The capital buffer requirement is being phased in over three years beginning in 2016. The capital buffer requirement effectively raises the minimum required common equity Tier 1 capital ratio to 7.0%, the Tier 1 capital ratio to 8.5% and the total capital ratio to 10.5% on a fully phased-in basis on January 1, 2019. We believe that, as of December 31, 2016, our bank would meet all capital adequacy requirements under the Basel III capital rules on a fully phased-in basis as if all such requirements were currently in effect. Federal and state banking laws and regulations place certain restrictions on the amount of dividends our Bank can transfer to Mercantile and on the capital levels that must be maintained. At year-end 2016, under the most restrictive of these regulations, our Bank could distribute approximately $54.6 million to Mercantile as dividends without prior regulatory approval. Our and our bank’s ability to pay cash and stock dividends is subject to limitations under various laws and regulations and to prudent and sound banking practices. On January 14, 2016, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.16 per share that was paid on March 23, 2016 to shareholders of record as of March 11, 2016. On April 14, 2016, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.16 per share that was paid on June 23, 2016 to shareholders of record as of June 10, 2016. On July 14, 2016, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.17 per share that was paid on September 21, 2016 to shareholders of record as of September 9, 2016. On October 13, 2016, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.17 per share that was paid on December 21, 2016 to shareholders of record as of December 9, 2016. In addition, on October 13, 2016, our Board of Directors declared a special cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.50 per share that was paid on December 21, 2016 to shareholders of record as of December 9, 2016. On January 12, 2017, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.18 per share that will be paid on March 22, 2017 to shareholders of record as of March 10, 2017. On January 30, 2015, we announced that our Board of Directors had authorized a new program to repurchase up to $20.0 million of our common stock from time to time in open market transactions at prevailing market prices or by other means in accordance with applicable regulations. On April 19, 2016, we announced a $15.0 million expansion of the stock repurchase plan. During 2016, we repurchased 167,878 shares at a total price of $3.7 million, at an average price per share of $22.23. Since inception, we have purchased a total of 956,419 shares at a total price of $19.5 million, at an average price per share of $20.38. The stock buybacks have been funded from cash dividends paid to us from our Bank. Additional repurchases may be made during 2017 under the authorized plan, which would also likely be funded from cash dividends paid to us from our Bank. Our consolidated capital levels as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 include $42.8 million and $53.1 million, respectively, of trust preferred securities subject to certain limitations. Under applicable Federal Reserve guidelines, the trust preferred securities constitute a restricted core capital element. The guidelines provide that the aggregate amount of restricted core elements that may be included in Tier 1 capital must not exceed 25% of the sum of all core capital elements, including restricted core capital elements, net of goodwill less any associated deferred tax liability. Our ability to include the trust preferred securities in Tier 1 capital in accordance with the guidelines is not affected by the provision of the Dodd-Frank Act generally restricting such treatment, because (i) the trust preferred securities were issued before May 19, 2010, and (ii) our total consolidated assets as of December 31, 2009 were less than $15.0 billion. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, all $42.8 million and $53.1 million, respectively, of the trust preferred securities were included as Tier 1 capital of Mercantile. On January 26, 2016, we closed on a repurchase of trust preferred securities that were auctioned as part of a pooled collateralized debt obligation (“Fund”). The Fund owned $11.0 million of the $32.0 million in trust preferred securities that had been issued by Mercantile Bank Capital Trust I, a wholly-owned business trust subsidiary. The $11.0 million in trust preferred securities was retired upon the repurchase, resulting in a commensurate reduction in the related Floating Rate Junior Subordinate Note, leaving $21.0 million outstanding. Our winning bid equated to 73% of the $11.0 million par value, with the 27% discount resulting in an after-tax gain of approximately $1.8 million, or $0.11 per diluted share. On a pro forma basis as of December 31, 2015, the repurchase resulted in a nine basis point increase in our tangible equity to tangible assets ratio and an $0.11 increase in our tangible book value per share, but an approximately 35 basis point decline in our regulatory tier 1 capital and total risk-based capital ratios. The repurchase was funded via a $9.1 million cash dividend from our Bank, resulting in a similar approximately 35 basis point decline in the regulatory capital ratios. Subsequent to the repurchase, our and our Bank’s regulatory capital ratios remained well above the minimum thresholds to be categorized as well capitalized.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for banks, savings institutions, and credit unions, for regulatory capital requirements imposed by the Federal Reserve System (FRB), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) or for any state imposed capital requirements, as applicable. The disclosure may include (1) a description of regulatory capital requirements (a) for capital adequacy purposes and (b) established by the prompt corrective action provisions of Section 38 of the Federal Depository Insurance Act; (2) the actual or possible material effects of noncompliance with such requirements; (3) whether the entity is in compliance with the regulatory capital requirements including (a) required and actual ratios and amounts of Tier 1 leverage, Tier 1 risk-based, and total risk-based capital, tangible capital (for savings institutions), and Tier 3 capital for market risk (for certain banks and bank holding companies), (b) factors that may significantly affect capital adequacy; (4) the prompt corrective action category in which the entity was classified as of its most recent notification; (5) whether management believes any conditions or events since notification have changed the entity's category. Also may include additional information that might be disclosed in situations where substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 505 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1G -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35709795&loc=SL5958577-112826 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 505 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1C -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35709795&loc=SL5958572-112826 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 505 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1E -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35709795&loc=SL5958574-112826 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 505 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1H -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35709795&loc=d3e65071-112826 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 505 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35709795&loc=SL5958569-112826 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 505 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1B -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35709795&loc=SL5958570-112826 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 505 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1F -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35709795&loc=SL5958575-112826 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 505 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35709795&loc=SL5958568-112826 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 505 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1D -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35709795&loc=SL5958573-112826 + Details
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