<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001171843-22-002727.txt : 20220422
<SEC-HEADER>0001171843-22-002727.hdr.sgml : 20220422
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20220422165614
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001171843-22-002727
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20220419
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20220422
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20220422

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CO/VA/
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000354963
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS (NO RADIO TELEPHONE) [4813]
		IRS NUMBER:				541162807
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			VA
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-09881
		FILM NUMBER:		22846318

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		PO BOX 459
		STREET 2:		124 SOUTH MAIN ST
		CITY:			EDINBURG
		STATE:			VA
		ZIP:			22824
		BUSINESS PHONE:		5409844141

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		P O BOX 459
		CITY:			EDINBURG
		STATE:			VA
		ZIP:			22824
</SEC-HEADER>
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C.&#160; 20549</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 18pt; text-align: center"><b>FORM <span id="xdx_90A_edei--DocumentType_c20220419__20220419_zF1RJjhLSk26"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-04-19to2022-04-19" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):&#160; <span id="xdx_901_edei--DocumentPeriodEndDate_c20220419__20220419_zPePTt0Uc5a7"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-04-19to2022-04-19" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate">April 19, 2022</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>



<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"></p>



<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"></p>



<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: -20pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><b>&#160;</b></p>



<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

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    <td style="text-align: center">(Registrant&#8217;s telephone number, including area code)</td></tr>
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt">
  <tr>
    <td style="width: 33%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 34%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Not applicable</b></span></td>
    <td style="width: 33%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">(Former name or former address, if changed since last report.)</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 20pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing
is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction
A.2. below):</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 20pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 20pt; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt">
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    <td style="width: 10%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_905_edei--WrittenCommunications_c20220419__20220419_z9LrQDUZwlzh"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-04-19to2022-04-19" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:WrittenCommunications">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 90%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities
        Act (17 CFR 230.425)</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt">
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    <td style="width: 10%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_906_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20220419__20220419_zcd88ZFmWL7d"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-04-19to2022-04-19" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 90%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act
        (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></td></tr>
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt">
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    <td style="width: 10%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90B_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20220419__20220419_zpmrGJFXXbK1"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-04-19to2022-04-19" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 90%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under
        the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2-(b))</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 10%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90B_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20220419__20220419_zExWs7V0CYU9"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-04-19to2022-04-19" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 90%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under
        the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</span></td></tr>
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company
as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth company <span id="xdx_903_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20220419__20220419_zAYPP7LxRPMi"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-04-19to2022-04-19" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant
to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 3pt; margin-bottom: 3pt; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0"></td>
    <td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 5.03</b></td>
    <td><b>Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.</b></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">On April 19, 2022, the Board of Directors (the &#8220;Board&#8221;)
of Shenandoah Telecommunications Company (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) amended and restated the Bylaws of the Company (as amended and restated,
the &#8220;Bylaws&#8221;), effective as of April 19, 2022, to decrease the size of the Board from nine to eight members as set forth in
Article II, Section 2 of the Bylaws.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">A copy of the Bylaws is filed as Exhibit 3.1 hereto
and is incorporated by reference herein. The foregoing summary of the amendment to the Bylaws is qualified in its entirety by reference
to the full text of the Bylaws filed as Exhibit 3.1 hereto.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0"></td>
    <td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 5.07</b></td>
    <td><b>Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.</b></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company&#8217;s 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
was held on April 19, 2022. At the annual meeting, the following proposals were submitted to a vote of the Company&#8217;s shareholders:</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposal 1 &#8211; Election of Directors</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">The following Director nominees were elected. Both
individuals elected as a Director will serve a three (3) year term expiring at the annual meeting of shareholders in 2025.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>


<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 32%; border: Black 1pt solid"><b>Name of Nominee</b></td>
    <td style="width: 17%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><b>For</b></td>
    <td style="width: 17%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><b>Against</b></td>
    <td style="width: 17%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><b>Abstain</b></td>
    <td style="width: 17%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><b>Broker Non-Votes</b></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid">Victor C. Barnes</td>
    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">31,275,618</td>
    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">315,372</td>
    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">67,741</td>
    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">6,912,205</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid">Christopher E. French</td>
    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">30,414,080</td>
    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">1,210,896</td>
    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">33,755</td>
    <td style="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">6,912,205</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposal 2 &#8211; Ratification of Selection of Independent Registered
Public Accounting Firm</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">The ratification of the appointment of RSM US LLP as the Company&#8217;s independent registered
public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022, was approved with 38,048,469 votes in favor, 380,228 votes against,
and 142,239 abstentions.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><b>Proposal 3 &#8211; Non-Binding Vote on Named Executive Officers Compensation</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">The proposal to approve, on a non-binding basis, the compensation of the Company&#8217;s Named
Executive Officers as described in the proxy statement was approved with 30,900,516 votes in favor, 635,468 votes against, 122,747 abstentions
and 6,912,205 broker non-votes.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0"></td>
    <td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 9.01</b></td>
    <td><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0 0pt 18pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>(d)</td>
    <td>Exhibits</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="text-decoration: underline">Exhibit No.</span></td>
    <td><span style="text-decoration: underline">Description</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 10%"></td>
    <td style="width: 15%"><a href="exh_31.htm">3.1</a></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 75%"><a href="exh_31.htm">Amended and Restated Bylaws of Shenandoah Telecommunications Company, effective April 19, 2022</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>104</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</td></tr>
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0 0pt 18pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0 0pt 18pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0 0pt 18pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0 0pt 18pt; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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    <td colspan="2" style="text-indent: 140pt; padding-left: -30pt; text-align: center"><b>SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY</b></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td colspan="2" style="text-indent: -50pt; padding-left: -30pt; text-align: center">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;(Registrant)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 50%">&#160;Date: April 22, 2022</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 50%">/s/ Derek C. Rieger</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>Derek C. Rieger</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>Vice President &#8211; Legal and General Counsel</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>(Duly Authorized Officer)</td></tr>
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<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 3.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0">Edinburg, Virginia</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0">AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0">(Amended effective as of April 19, 2022)</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm">ARTICLE I</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm"><U><BR>
MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS</U></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 1. <U>Places of Meetings</U> - All meetings of the shareholders shall
be held at the principal executive offices of the company in Edinburg, Virginia, or at such other place or places, if any, as may from
time to time be fixed by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 2. <U>Annual Meetings</U> -</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The annual meeting of shareholders shall be held on such date and at such time as may be fixed by the Board of Directors and stated
in the notice of meeting. The annual meeting shall be held for the purpose of electing directors and for the transaction of only such
other business as is properly brought before the meeting in accordance with these Bylaws. To be properly brought before an annual meeting,
nominations and other business must be: (i) specified in the notice of the annual meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors; (ii) otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors; or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by a shareholder in accordance with these Bylaws. For nominations
of persons for election to the Board of Directors or proposals of other business to be properly brought by a shareholder before an annual
meeting, a shareholder must (x) be a shareholder of record at the time of giving of notice of such annual meeting by or at the direction
of the Board of Directors, at the time the shareholder provides the notice required by these Bylaws and at the time of the annual meeting,
(y) be entitled to vote at such annual meeting and (z) comply with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws as to such nomination or business.
The immediately preceding sentence shall be the exclusive means for a shareholder to make nominations or other business proposals (other
than matters properly brought under Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>&rdquo;),
and included in the company&rsquo;s notice of meeting) before an annual meeting of shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>For
nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder, the shareholder must have given
timely notice thereof in writing to the secretary in proper form (including, in the case of nominations, the completed and signed
questionnaire, representation and agreement required by Section 9 of Article I of these Bylaws) and timely updates and supplements
thereof in writing to the secretary, and any such other business must constitute a proper matter for shareholder action under the
Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws and applicable law. To be timely, a shareholder&rsquo;s notice shall be delivered to the
secretary at the principal executive offices of the company not later than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth
(120th) day nor earlier than the close of business on the one hundred fiftieth (150th) day prior to the first (1st) anniversary of
the preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is
more than thirty (30) days before or more than seventy (70) days after such anniversary date, notice by the shareholder must be so
delivered not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred fiftieth (150th) day prior to such annual meeting and not later
than the close of business on the later of the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth (10th)
day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the company. In no event shall any
adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or the public announcement thereof commence a new time period (or extend any time
period) for the giving of a shareholder&rsquo;s notice as described above. In addition, to be timely, a shareholder&rsquo;s notice
shall be further updated and supplemented, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice
shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the
meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to the secretary at the
principal executive offices of the company not later than five (5) business days after the record date for the meeting in the case
of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date, and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date
of the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten
(10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof; provided, however, that no such update or
supplement shall cure a notice that did not fully comply with this Bylaw on the date that such notice was delivered to the company.
If a shareholder who has given timely notice as required by these Bylaws to make a nomination or bring other business before any
such meeting intends to authorize another person to act for such shareholder as a proxy to make the nomination or present the
proposal at such meeting, the shareholder shall give notice of such authorization in writing to the secretary at the principal
executive offices of the company not less than five (5) business days before the date of the meeting, including the name and contact
information for such person.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>
To be in proper form, a shareholder&rsquo;s notice shall set forth, as applicable: (i) as to each person, if any, whom the
shareholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (A) all information relating to such person that would be required to be
disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of
directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder,
or is otherwise required pursuant to and in accordance with Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, (B) a description of all
arrangements, understandings or relationships between such person and the shareholder, the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf
the nomination is made and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or
nominations are to be made by the shareholder, including a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material
monetary agreements, arrangements or understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or
among such shareholder, the beneficial owner, if any, or their respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert
therewith, on the one hand, and each proposed nominee, and his or her respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in
concert therewith, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant
to Rule 404 promulgated under Regulation S-K if the shareholder making the nomination and any beneficial owner on whose behalf the
nomination is made, if any, or any affiliate or associate thereof or person acting in concert therewith, were the
&ldquo;registrant&rdquo; for purposes of such rule and the nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant, and (C)
(I) such person&rsquo;s written consent to be named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected and
(II) a written certification from such person that, if elected, he or she intends to serve as a director for the entire term of such
office; (ii) as to any other business that the shareholder proposes to bring before the meeting, (A) a brief description of the
business desired to be brought before the meeting, (B) the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions
proposed for consideration and, in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend these Bylaws, the text of the proposed
amendment), (C) the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such
shareholder, the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made and any of their respective affiliates and
associates or others acting in concert therewith, and (D) a description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between
such shareholder or the beneficial owner, if any, and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the
proposal of such business by such shareholder or beneficial owner; and (iii) as to the shareholder giving the notice and the
beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made (A) the name and address of such shareholder, as they
appear on the company&rsquo;s books, of such beneficial owner, if any, and of their respective affiliates or associates or others
acting in concert therewith, (B) (I) the class and number of shares of capital stock or other securities of the company which are
directly or indirectly owned beneficially and of record by such shareholder, such beneficial owner, if any, or their respective
affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith, (II) the names of and number of shares of capital stock or other
securities of the company held by any broker, bank or other custodian or nominee on behalf of such shareholder, such beneficial
owner, if any, or their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith, and (III) any economic interest
of the shareholder, the beneficial owner, if any, or their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith
in any indebtedness of the company or its subsidiaries, (C) any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right or
similar right with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any class of
shares of capital stock of the company or with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of any class of shares of the
company&rsquo;s capital stock, or any derivative or synthetic arrangement having the characteristics of a long position in any class
of shares of the company&rsquo;s capital stock, or any contract, derivative, swap or other transaction or series of transactions
designed to produce economic benefits and risks that correspond substantially to the ownership of any class of shares of the
company&rsquo;s capital stock, including due to the fact that the value of such contract, derivative, swap or other transaction or
series of transactions is determined by reference to the price, value or volatility of any class of shares of the company&rsquo;s
capital stock, whether or not such instrument, contract or right shall be subject to settlement in the underlying class of shares of
the company&rsquo;s capital stock, through the delivery of cash or other property or otherwise, and without regard to whether the
shareholder, the beneficial owner, if any, or any affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith may have entered
into any transactions that hedge or mitigate the economic effect of such instrument, contract or right or any other direct or
indirect opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the
company&rsquo;s capital stock (any of the foregoing, a &ldquo;<U>Derivative Instrument</U>&rdquo;) directly or indirectly owned
beneficially by such shareholder, the beneficial owner, if any, or any affiliates or associates or others acting in concert
therewith, (D) any proxy (other than a revocable proxy given in response to a solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with,
Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act by way of a solicitation statement filed on Schedule 14A), contract, arrangement or understanding
pursuant to which such shareholder, beneficial owner, if any, or affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith has
a right to vote any class of shares of the company&rsquo;s capital stock, (E) any agreement, arrangement, understanding or
otherwise, including any repurchase or similar so-called &ldquo;stock borrowing&rdquo; agreement or arrangement, engaged in,
directly or indirectly, by such shareholder, the purpose or effect of which is to mitigate loss, reduce the economic risk (of
ownership or otherwise) of any class of shares of the company&rsquo;s capital stock by, manage the risk of share price changes for
or increase or decrease the voting power of, such shareholder, the beneficial owner, if any, or any affiliates or associates or
others acting in concert therewith with respect to any class of the shares of the company&rsquo;s capital stock, or which provides,
directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any decrease in the price or value of any
class of shares of the company&rsquo;s capital stock (any of the foregoing, &ldquo;<U>Short Interests</U>&rdquo;), (F) any rights to
dividends or other distributions on the shares of the company&rsquo;s capital stock owned beneficially by such shareholder, the
beneficial owner, if any, or any affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith that are separated or separable from
the underlying shares of the company&rsquo;s capital stock, (G) any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) to
which such shareholder, the beneficial owner, if any, or any affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith may be
entitled based on any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the company&rsquo;s capital stock or Derivative Instruments,
(H) any significant equity interests or any Derivative Instruments or Short Interests in any principal competitor of the company
held by such shareholder, the beneficial owner, if any, or any affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith, (I)
any direct or indirect interest of such shareholder, the beneficial owner, if any, or any affiliates or associates or others acting
in concert therewith in any contract with the company, any affiliate of the company or any principal competitor or principal
counter-party of the company (including, in any such case, any employment agreement or consulting agreement), (J) a representation
that the shareholder is a holder of record of stock of the company entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person
or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business or nomination, (K) a representation regarding whether the shareholder or the
beneficial owner, if any, or any of their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith intends, or is
part of a group which intends, (x) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to any holders of the company&rsquo;s
outstanding capital stock and/or (y) otherwise to solicit proxies from shareholders in support of such proposal or nomination, and
(L) any other information relating to such shareholder and beneficial owner, if any, or their respective affiliates or associates or
others acting in concert therewith that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement and form of proxy or other filings
required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for, as applicable, the proposal and/or for the election of
directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
The company may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require to determine the
eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the company under applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation or
these Bylaws, or the independence of such nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>Notwithstanding
anything in the second sentence of paragraph (b) of this Section 2 to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be
elected to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting is increased and there is no public announcement by the company naming the
nominees for the additional directorships at least one hundred (100) days prior to the first (1st) anniversary of the preceding
year&rsquo;s annual meeting, a shareholder&rsquo;s notice required by this Section 2 shall also be considered timely, but only with
respect to nominees for the additional directorships, if it shall be delivered to the secretary at the principal executive offices
of the company not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which a public announcement that
the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors at an annual meeting has been increased is first made by the
company.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>For purposes of Section 2 and Section 3 of this Article I, (i) &ldquo;public announcement&rdquo; shall mean disclosure in a press
release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or other national news service or in a document publicly filed by the
company with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 14(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder; and (ii) notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2 and Section 3 of this Article I, a shareholder shall also
comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth
in these Bylaws, provided, however, that any references in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act or the rules promulgated thereunder are not
intended to and shall not limit the requirements applicable to nominations or proposals as to any other business to be proposed or considered
pursuant to these Bylaws. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to affect any rights of shareholders to request inclusion of proposals
in the company&rsquo;s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 3. <U>Special Meetings</U> -</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Special meetings of the shareholders may be called only by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the president or the Board of
Directors by the vote of a majority of the directors in office. At any special meeting of the shareholders, only such business shall be
conducted or considered, as shall have been properly brought before the meeting pursuant to the company&rsquo;s notice of meeting. To
be properly brought before a special meeting, proposals of business must be (i) specified in the company&rsquo;s notice of meeting (or
any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) otherwise properly brought before the special meeting,
by or at the direction of the Board of Directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special
meeting of shareholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the company&rsquo;s notice of meeting (A) by or at the direction
of the Board of Directors or (B) provided that the Board of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting,
by any shareholder of the company who complies with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws as to such nomination. The immediately preceding
sentence shall be the exclusive means for a shareholder to make nominations before a special meeting of shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>In
the event a special meeting of shareholders is called for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors,
any shareholder may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election to such position(s) to be elected as specified in
the notice of such meeting, provided that the shareholder must (i) have given timely notice thereof in writing to the secretary at
the principal executive offices of the company in proper form (including the completed and signed questionnaire, representation and
agreement required by Section 9 of Article I of these Bylaws) and timely updates and supplements thereof in writing to the secretary
and (ii) (x) be a shareholder of record at the time of giving of notice of such special meeting by or at the direction of the Board
of Directors, at the time the shareholder provides the notice required by these Bylaws and at the time of the special meeting, (y)
be entitled to vote at such special meeting and (z) comply with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws as to such nomination. In
order to be timely, a shareholder&rsquo;s notice shall be delivered to the secretary at the principal executive offices of the
company not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred fiftieth (150th) day prior to the date of such special meeting and
not later than the close of business on the later of the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to the date of such special meeting
or, if the first public announcement of the date of such special meeting is less than one hundred thirty (130) days prior to the
date of such special meeting, the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such first public announcement is made. In no event
shall any adjournment or postponement of a special meeting or the public announcement thereof commence a new time period for the
giving of a shareholder&rsquo;s notice as described above. In addition, to be timely, a shareholder&rsquo;s notice shall further be
updated and supplemented, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice shall be true and
correct as of the record date for the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any
adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to the secretary at the principal executive
offices of the company not later than five (5) business days after the record date for the meeting in the case of the update and
supplement required to be made as of the record date, and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date of the meeting or
any adjournment or postponement thereof in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days
prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof; provided, however, that no such update or supplement shall cure a
notice that did not fully comply with this Bylaw on the date that such notice was delivered to the company.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>To be in proper form, a shareholder&rsquo;s notice of a nomination of a person or persons for election as a director at a special
meeting must include all information that would be required by Section 2 of Article I of these Bylaws with respect to each person who
the shareholder proposes to nominate for election as a director, the shareholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on
whose behalf the nomination is made and their respective affiliates and associates or others acting in concert therewith, as if such notice
were given with respect to an annual meeting of shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 4. <U>Notice of Meetings</U> - Written notice stating the place,
if any, date and time of a shareholders&rsquo; meeting; the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to vote at such
meeting, if such date is different from the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of the meeting; and the
means of remote communications, if any, by which shareholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present and vote at such
meeting, shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days (unless a longer notice period is required by
applicable law) before the date of the meeting, except as hereinafter provided, either personally or by mail, electronic
transmission or in any other manner permitted by law, by or at the direction of the president, the secretary, or the director or
directors calling the meeting, to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting as of the record date for determining
the shareholders entitled to notice of such meeting. Except in the case of a special meeting, the purpose of a meeting is not
required to be set forth in the notice of such meeting. Notice shall be deemed to be given (i) if sent by mail, when deposited in
the United States mail, addressed to the shareholder at the address as it appears on the company&rsquo;s record of shareholders,
with postage thereon prepaid; (ii) if sent by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the shareholder
has consented to receive notice; (iii) if sent by facsimile transmission, when directed to a facsimile number at which the
shareholder has consented to receive notice; or (iv) if delivered personally or sent by any other method, when actually received by
the shareholder.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 5. <U>Quorum</U> - Any number of shareholders together holding a majority
of the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting in respect to the business to be transacted, who shall be present in person or represented
by proxy at any meeting duly called, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, except where by law a greater interest
is required. If less than a quorum shall be in attendance at the time for which a meeting shall have been called, the meeting may be adjourned
from time to time by the chairman of the meeting or by a majority of the votes cast by shareholders present or represented by proxy without
notice other than by announcement at the meeting until a quorum shall attend.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 6. <U>Voting</U> -</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>At any meeting of the shareholders, each common shareholder shall have one (1) vote for each share of common stock standing in
such shareholder&rsquo;s name on the books of the company on the record date for such meeting. A shareholder may vote his, her or its
shares when present at a meeting of the shareholders or by proxy.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>If a quorum exists, action on a matter, other than the election of directors, by a voting group is approved if the votes cast within
the voting group favoring the action exceed the votes cast opposing the action, unless the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws or
applicable law requires a greater number of affirmative votes. For purposes of the preceding sentence, an abstention or an election by
a shareholder not to vote on the action because of the failure to receive voting instructions from the beneficial owner of the shares
shall not be considered a vote cast. With respect to the election of directors, a nominee for director shall be elected to the Board of
Directors if a quorum is present and if the votes cast &ldquo;for&rdquo; such nominee&rsquo;s election exceed the &ldquo;withhold&rdquo;
or &ldquo;against&rdquo; votes cast against such nominee&rsquo;s election; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that directors shall be elected
by a plurality of the votes cast at any meeting of shareholders for which as of the date of the notice of such meeting the number of nominees
competing for election exceeds the number of directorships available for election at such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>A
shareholder, or the shareholder&rsquo;s agent or attorney-in-fact, may appoint a proxy to vote or otherwise act for the shareholder
by signing an appointment form or by an electronic transmission. An electronic transmission shall contain or be accompanied by
information from which the recipient can determine the date of the transmission and that the transmission was authorized by the
sender or the sender&rsquo;s agent or attorney-in-fact. Unless required by statute or determined by the Board of Directors or the
chairman of the meeting to be advisable, the vote on any question need not be by ballot. On a vote by ballot, each ballot shall be
signed by the shareholder voting or by such shareholder&rsquo;s proxy, if there be such proxy; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that
if authorized by the Board of Directors, any shareholder vote to be taken by written ballot may be satisfied by a ballot submitted
by electronic transmission by the shareholder or the shareholder&rsquo;s proxy, provided that any such electronic transmission shall
either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the electronic transmission was authorized by
the shareholder or the shareholder&rsquo;s proxy.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 7. <U>Waiver of Notice</U> - A shareholder may waive any notice required
by applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws before or after the date and time stated in the notice of the meeting.
The waiver shall be in writing, be signed by the shareholder entitled to the notice, and be delivered to the secretary for filing in the
minutes or corporate records. A shareholder&rsquo;s attendance at a meeting (i) waives objection to lack of notice or defective notice
of the meeting, unless the shareholder at the beginning of the meeting objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting,
and (ii) waives objection to consideration of a particular matter at the meeting that is not within the purpose or purposes described
in the meeting notice, unless the shareholder objects to considering the matter when it is presented.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 8. <U>Organization</U> - At all meetings of the shareholders, the
Chairman of the Board of Directors or, in the Chairman&rsquo;s absence, the president or, in the president&rsquo;s absence, such other
person selected by the Board of Directors, shall act as chairman of the meeting. In the absence of the foregoing persons, a majority of
the shares present and entitled to vote at such meeting may appoint any person to act as chairman of the meeting. The secretary of the
company or, in the secretary&rsquo;s absence, an assistant secretary, shall act as secretary at each meeting of the shareholders. In the
event that neither the secretary nor any assistant secretary is present, the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as
secretary of the meeting. The Board of Directors may adopt such rules, regulations and procedures for the conduct of any meeting of shareholders
as it shall deem necessary, appropriate or convenient. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules, regulations and procedures as
adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairman of any meeting of shareholders shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules,
regulations and procedures and to do all such acts and things as, in the judgment of such person, are necessary, appropriate or convenient
for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations and procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed
by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (a) the establishment of an agenda or order of business
for the meeting; (b) rules, regulations and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (c) limitations
on attendance at or participation in the meeting to shareholders of record, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other
persons as the chairman of the meeting shall permit; (d) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement
thereof; and (e) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. The chairman of the meeting shall have the
power to recess or adjourn any meeting. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, and without
limiting the power of the Board of Directors, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power to determine whether a nomination or any
other business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with these Bylaws and,
if any proposed nomination or other business is not in compliance with these Bylaws, to declare that no action shall be taken on such
nomination or other proposal, and such nomination or other proposal shall be disregarded.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 9. <U>Submission of Questionnaire, Representation and
Agreement</U> - To be eligible to be a nominee for election or reelection as a director of the company, a person must deliver (in
accordance with the time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under these Bylaws) to the secretary at the principal executive
offices of the company a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such person and the background of
any other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made (which questionnaire shall be provided by the secretary upon
written request), and a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the secretary upon written request) that such
person (a) is not and will not become a party to (i) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any
commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a director of the company, will act or vote on
any issue or question (a &ldquo;<U>Voting Commitment</U>&rdquo;) that has not been disclosed to the company or (ii) any Voting
Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person&rsquo;s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the company, with
such person&rsquo;s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (b) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or
understanding with any person or entity other than the company with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or
indemnification in connection with service or action as a director of the company that has not been disclosed therein and (c) in
such person&rsquo;s individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be
in compliance, if elected as a director of the company, and will comply with all applicable corporate governance, conflict of
interest, resignation, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the company publicly disclosed
from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 10. <U>Inspectors</U> - For all meetings of the shareholders, the
company shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at such shareholders&rsquo; meeting in connection with determining voting results.
Each inspector shall verify in writing that the inspector will faithfully execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and
according to the best of the inspector&rsquo;s ability. An inspector may be an officer or employee of the company. An inspector may appoint
or retain other persons to assist the inspector in the performance of the inspector&rsquo;s duties, and may rely on information provided
by such persons and other persons, including those appointed to count votes, unless the inspectors believe reliance is unwarranted. The
inspectors shall ascertain the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each; determine the shares represented at a meeting;
determine the validity of proxy appointments and ballots; count all votes; and make a written report of the results.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">ARTICLE II</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><BR>
<U>DIRECTORS</U></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 1. <U>Powers</U> - All corporate powers shall be exercised by or under
the authority of the Board of Directors, and the business and affairs of the company managed under the direction, and subject to the oversight,
of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 2. <U>Number and Qualification</U> - The Board of Directors shall
be eight (8) in number. Subject to the limitations set forth in the Articles of Incorporation, such number may be increased or decreased
by amendment to this Section 2 of Article II. Directors need not be shareholders. No person shall be a member of the Board of Directors
after the end of the term of such member&rsquo;s class (as provided in Article VI of the Articles of Incorporation) in which such member
reaches the age of seventy-two (72).</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 3. <U>Election of Directors; Vacancies; Resignations</U> - At each annual meeting of
shareholders (or any meeting held in lieu of the annual meeting for that purpose) the successors to the class of directors whose term
shall then expire shall be elected to hold office for a term expiring at the third (3rd) proceeding annual meeting and until their successors
shall be elected and qualified. Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors, including a vacancy resulting from an increase in the
number of directors, shall be filled in accordance with the Articles of Incorporation. A director may resign at any time by delivering
a written notice of resignation to the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 4. <U>Meetings of Directors</U> - Meetings of the Board of Directors
shall be held at places within or without the Commonwealth of Virginia and at times fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors, or
upon call of the Chairman of the Board of Directors or president; and the secretary or officer performing the secretary&rsquo;s duties
shall give at least forty-eight (48) hours&rsquo; notice in writing or twenty-four (24) hours&rsquo; notice by electronic transmission,
telephone or in person of all meetings of the Board of Directors, provided that notice need not be given of regular meetings held at dates,
times and places fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting
of the Board of Directors need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting. Unless otherwise determined by the Board
of Directors, any or all directors may participate in any meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, or conduct such
meeting, through the use of any means of communication by which all directors participating may simultaneously hear each other during
the meeting. A director participating in a meeting by this means is deemed to be present in person at the meeting. The secretary or officer
performing the secretary&rsquo;s duties shall call special meetings of the Board of Directors whenever requested in writing to do so by
two (2) or more directors, such request to specify the purpose of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 5. <U>Quorum</U> - A quorum at any meeting of the Board of Directors
shall consist of a majority of the number of directors set forth in these Bylaws. If a quorum is present when a vote is taken, the vote
of a majority of directors present is the act of the Board of Directors unless the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws or applicable
law require the vote of a greater number of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 6. <U>Consent in Lieu of Meeting</U> - Any action required or permitted
to be taken by the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting if each director signs a consent describing the action to be taken
and delivers it to the secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 7. <U>Waiver of Notice</U> - A director may waive any notice of a
meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof that is required by applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation or these
Bylaws before or after the date and time stated in the notice of such meeting, and such waiver shall be equivalent to the giving of such
notice. The waiver shall be in writing, signed by the director entitled to the notice and delivered to the secretary for filing by the
company with the minutes of the meeting or corporate records. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a director&rsquo;s attendance at or participation
in a meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee waives any required notice to the director of the meeting unless the director
at the beginning of the meeting or promptly upon the director&rsquo;s arrival objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at
the meeting and does not after objecting vote for or assent to action taken at the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 8. <U>Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors</U> - The Chairman of the
Board of Directors shall preside over the meetings of the Board of Directors at which he shall be present and shall in general oversee
all of the business and affairs of the Board of Directors. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Vice Chairman
of the Board of Directors shall preside at such meetings at which he shall be present. The Chairman of the Board of Directors and the
Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors shall be appointed by the Board of Directors by the vote of a majority of the directors in office
and shall serve in such capacities until a successor is designated or until his or her earlier resignation, removal from office, death
or incapacity. The positions of Chairman of the Board of Directors and Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors shall not be officer positions
of the company.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 9. <U>Compensation </U>- The Board of Directors shall have the authority
to fix the compensation of directors without regard to any compensation received by them as officers, directors or employees of the company
or its subsidiaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm">ARTICLE III <U><BR>
</U></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm"><U>COMMITTEES<BR></U></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 1. <U>Designation of Committees</U> -</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Board of Directors may designate an Executive Committee which shall consist of at least three (3) directors, one of whom shall
be the Chairman of the Board of Directors. The members of the Executive Committee shall serve until their successors are designated by
the Board of Directors or until removed or until the Executive Committee is dissolved by the Board of Directors. All vacancies which may
occur in the Executive Committee shall be filled by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors shall have the power at any time to
change the membership of or to dissolve the Executive Committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>In addition to the Executive Committee, the Board of Directors may designate any other committee which shall consist of at least
two (2) directors. The members of any such other committee shall serve until their successors are designated by the Board of Directors
or until removed or until such committee is dissolved by the Board of Directors. Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors in
the resolutions establishing such committee, all vacancies which may occur in any such other committee shall be filled by the Board of
Directors. The Board of Directors shall have the power at any time to change the membership of or to dissolve any such other committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 2. <U>Powers of Committees</U> -</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Executive Committee, when the Board of Directors is not in session, shall have and may exercise all of the authority of the
Board of Directors. The Executive Committee shall report at the next regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors all action which
the Executive Committee may have taken since the last regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT> Any other committee designated by the Board of Directors may exercise the authority of the Board of Directors to the extent specified
by the Board of Directors, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Notwithstanding Sections 2(a) and (b) of this Article III, neither the Executive Committee nor any other committee may approve
or propose to shareholders action that is required to be approved by shareholders; fill vacancies on the Board of Directors; amend the
Articles of Incorporation; adopt new Bylaws or amend or repeal these Bylaws; approve a plan of merger not requiring shareholder approval;
authorize or approve a distribution, except according to a formula or method, or within limits, prescribed by the Board of Directors;
or authorize or approve the issuance or sale or contract for sale of shares, or determine the designation and rights, preferences, and
limitations of a class or series of shares, except that the Board of Directors may (i) authorize a committee to do so subject to such
limits, if any, as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, and (ii) authorize a senior executive officer of the company to do so
subject to such limits, if any, as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or pursuant to applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 3. <U>Meetings of Committees</U> - Meetings of a committee shall be
held at such places and at such dates and times as fixed by resolution of such committee, or upon call of the chairman of such committee.
At least forty-eight (48) hours&rsquo; notice in writing or twenty-four (24) hours&rsquo; notice by electronic transmission, telephone
or in person shall be given of all meetings of a committee, provided that notice need not be given of regular meetings held at times and
places fixed by resolution of the committee. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting of a committee
need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting. A majority of the members of a committee shall constitute a quorum
for the transaction of business. If a quorum is present when a vote is taken, the vote of a majority of members present is the act of
the committee unless the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws or applicable law require the vote of a greater number of members. Any
action required or permitted to be taken by a committee may be taken without a meeting if each member on the committee signs a consent
describing the action to be taken and delivers it to the secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm">ARTICLE IV<BR></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm"><BR>
<U>OFFICERS</U></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 1. <U>Required Officers</U> - The officers of the company shall include
a president, a secretary, a treasurer and such other officers as may be appointed as provided in Section 2 of this Article IV. The president,
secretary and treasurer shall be elected by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 2. <U>Other Officers</U> - Other officers, including one or more vice
presidents, assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers, may from time to time be appointed by the Board of Directors or the president.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 3. <U>Eligibility of Officers</U> - No person shall be an officer
of the company after the end of the calendar year in which he reaches the age of seventy-two (72). Any two or more offices may be held
by the same person.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">SECTION 4. <U>Term of Office; Removal and Resignation of Officers</U> - All officers shall
hold office for any term specified by the Board of Directors or the president (if such officer was appointed by the president), unless
earlier removed by the Board of Directors or the president. The Board of Directors shall have the authority to remove any officer (whether
such officer was appointed by the Board of Directors or the president) at any time, with or without cause, and the president shall have
the authority to remove any officer appointed by the president at any time, with or without cause. Any officer may resign at any time
by giving notice to the Board of Directors or the president. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified in the resignation
notice or, if no time is specified, upon delivery of the notice; and unless otherwise specified in the notice, acceptance of such resignation
shall not be necessary to make it effective.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 5. <U>Vacancies</U> - If the office of any officer becomes vacant
by reason of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise, the vacancy may be filled in the manner set forth in Section
1 (for the president, secretary and treasurer) or Section 2 (for other officers) of this Article IV.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 6. <U>Duties</U> - The officers of the company shall have such duties
as generally pertain to their offices, respectively, as well as such powers and duties as are hereinafter provided and as from time to
time shall be conferred by the Board of Directors or the president. The Board of Directors may require any officer to give such bond for
the faithful performance of his duties as it may see fit.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 7. <U>Duties of the President</U> - In the absence of the Chairman
of the Board of Directors and the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the president shall preside at all meetings of the Board of
Directors, if a director, and shareholders. The president shall be the chief executive officer to whom all other officers shall report.
The president shall have the overall supervision of the affairs of the company, including the day-to-day responsibilities for the operation
of the company and have direct charge of the employees thereof and such other duties as may be delegated to him by the Board of Directors
or the Executive Committee. Presidents of all subsidiaries of the company shall report to the president of the company.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 8. <U>Duties of the Secretary</U> - The secretary shall record the
proceedings of all meetings of shareholders, the Board of Directors and any committees of the Board of Directors; keep or supervise the
keeping of records of the ownership of shares of common stock; have custody of the Corporate seal and all deeds, leases and contracts
to which the company is a party; and, on behalf of the company, make reports as from time to time are required by law, except tax returns.
In the absence of the secretary, an assistant secretary or a secretary <U>pro tempore</U> shall perform the secretary&rsquo;s duties.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 9. <U>Duties of the Treasurer</U> - The treasurer shall be the
chief financial officer and shall coordinate the financial and accounting affairs of the company and its subsidiaries. The treasurer
shall have custody of all securities held by the company and of all funds which may come into his hands. The treasurer shall keep
appropriate records and accounts of all moneys of the company received or disbursed and shall deposit all moneys and securities in
the name of and to the credit of the company in such banks and depositories as the directors shall from time to time designate. The
treasurer may endorse for deposit for collection all checks, notes, et cetera, payable to the company or its order, and may accept
drafts on behalf of the company. The treasurer shall also file or supervise the filing of all tax returns required by law. The
treasurer may affix his signature to coupons on any bonds of the company by any form or facsimile, whether engraved, printed,
lithographed or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm"></P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 10. <U>Other Duties of Officers</U> - Any officer of the company shall
have, to the extent prescribed by the Board of Directors or the president, the power to sign bonds, deed and contracts of the company
and, in addition to the duties prescribed in these Bylaws and by law, such other duties as from time to time shall be prescribed by the
Board of Directors or the president.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm">ARTICLE V</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm"><BR>
<U>CAPITAL STOCK</U></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 1. <U>Certificates for Shares</U> - The shares of stock of the company
shall be represented by certificates, or shall be uncertificated shares that may be evidenced by a book-entry system maintained by the
registrar of such stock, or a combination of both. To the extent that shares are represented by certificates, such certificates whenever
authorized by the Board of Directors shall be in such form as prescribed by the Board of Directors and shall bear the seal of the company
and the signature of at least two (2) of the president, the treasurer and the secretary, or such other officers designated by the Board
of Directors to sign such certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">Transfer agents and/or registrars for the stock of the company may be appointed by the Board
of Directors and may be required to countersign stock certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">Any or all of the signatures on a stock certificate may be a facsimile.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">In the event that any officer whose signature shall have been used on a stock certificate shall
for any reason cease to be an officer of the company and such certificate shall not then have been delivered by the company, the Board
of Directors may nevertheless adopt such certificate, and it may then be issued and delivered as though such person had not ceased to
be an officer of the company.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 2. <U>Lost, Destroyed and Mutilated Certificates</U> - Holders of
the stock of the company shall immediately notify the company of any loss, destruction or mutilation of the certificate therefor; and
the Board of Directors may in its discretion cause one or more new certificates for the same number of shares in the aggregate to be issued
to such shareholder upon the surrender of the mutilated certificate or upon satisfactory proof of such loss or destruction, and the deposit
of a bond in such form and amount and with corporate surety.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 3. <U>Transfer of Stock</U> - Transfer of shares of stock of the
company shall be transferable or assignable only on the books of the company upon authorization by the registered holder thereof, or
by such holder&rsquo;s attorney thereunto authorized by a power of attorney duly executed and filed with the secretary or a transfer
agent for such stock, if any, and if such shares are represented by a certificate, upon surrender of the certificate or certificates
for such shares properly endorsed or accompanied by a duly executed stock transfer power (or by proper evidence of succession,
assignment or authority to transfer). The company will recognize, however, the exclusive rights of the person registered on its
books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and to vote as such owner. It shall be the duty of each shareholder to notify the
company of such shareholder&rsquo;s mailing address or any change thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 4. <U>Fixing Record Date</U> - For the purpose of determining shareholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend
or distribution, or in order to make a determination of shareholders for any other proper purpose, the Board of Directors may fix in advance
a date as the record date for any such determination of shareholders, such date in any case to be not more than seventy (70) days prior
to the date on which the particular action, requiring such determination of shareholders, is to be taken. If no record date is fixed for
the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders, or shareholders entitled to receive payment
of a dividend or distribution, the date on which notices of the meeting are mailed or the date on which the resolution of the Board of
Directors declaring such dividend or distribution is adopted, as the case may be, shall be the record date for such determination of shareholders.
When a determination of shareholders entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders has been made as provided in this Section, such determination
shall apply to any adjournment thereof unless the Board of Directors fixes a new record date, which it shall do if the meeting is adjourned
to a date more than one hundred twenty (120) days after the date fixed for the original meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm">ARTICLE VI</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><BR>
<U>MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS</U></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 1. <U>Seal</U> - The seal of the company shall bear the words, &ldquo;Shenandoah
Telecommunications Company Seal&rdquo;, with such device or devices as the Board of Directors may determine.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 2. <U>Fiscal Year</U> - The fiscal year shall end on the last day
in December of each year.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 3. <U>Examination of Books</U> - The Board of Directors shall, subject
to the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, have power to determine from time to time whether and to what extent and under what conditions
and limitations the accounts, records and books (except the stock and transfer books) of the company, or any of them, shall be open to
the inspection of the shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">The stock and transfer books of the company shall be at all times during business hours open
to the inspection of the registered shareholders in person.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 4. <U>Amendment of Bylaws</U> - These Bylaws may be amended, altered
or repealed by the Board of Directors by the vote of a majority of the directors in office. The shareholders shall have the power to rescind,
alter, amend, or repeal any Bylaws and to enact Bylaws which, if expressly provided, may not be amended, altered or repealed by the Board
of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 5. <U>Voting of Stock Held</U> - Unless otherwise provided by
the Board of Directors, the president or the secretary may from time to time appoint an attorney or attorneys or agent or agents of
the company, in the name and on behalf of the company, to cast the votes which the company may be entitled to cast as a shareholder
or otherwise in any other corporation, any of whose stock or securities may be held by the company, at meetings of the holders of
the stock or other securities of any other corporations, or to consent in writing to any action by any such other corporations, and
may instruct the person or persons so appointed as to the manner of casting such votes or giving such consent, and may execute or
cause to be executed on behalf of the company and under its corporate seal, or otherwise, such written proxies, consents, waivers,
or other instruments as may be necessary or proper in the premises; or the president, the secretary or another officer of the
company may attend any meeting of the holders of stock or other securities of any such other corporation and thereat vote or
exercise any or all other powers of the company as the holder of such stock or other securities of such other corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm"></P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm"></P>



<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 6. <U>Control Share Statute</U> - Article 14.1 of Title 13.1 of the
Code of Virginia (Control Share Acquisitions) shall not apply to acquisitions of shares of capital stock of the company.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">SECTION 7. <U>Exclusive Forum</U> - Unless the company consents in writing
to the selection of an alternative forum (an &ldquo;Alternative Forum Consent&rdquo;), the United States District Court for the Western
District of Virginia, Harrisonburg Division, or in the event that court lacks jurisdiction to hear such action, the Circuit Court of the
County of Shenandoah, Virginia, shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of
the company, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of duty owed by any current or former director, officer, employee, shareholder
or agent of the company to the company or the company&rsquo;s shareholders, including a claim alleging the aiding and abetting of such
a breach of duty, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Virginia Stock Corporation Act, the Articles
of Incorporation or these Bylaws (in each case, as may be amended from time to time), (iv) any action or proceeding to interpret, apply,
enforce or determine the validity of the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws (in each case, as may be amended from time to time),
including any right, obligation, or remedy thereunder or (v) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine or
asserting one or more &ldquo;internal corporate claims,&rdquo; as that term is defined in subsection C of Section 13.1-624 of the Virginia
Stock Corporation Act, in each case to the extent not addressed in clauses (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv), in all cases to the fullest extent
permitted by law and subject to one of the courts having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt; margin: 0pt 0">Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest
in shares of capital stock of the company shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 7 of Article
VI. If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of this Section 7 of Article VI is filed in a court other than a court
located within the Commonwealth of Virginia (a &ldquo;<U>Foreign Action</U>&rdquo;) by or in the name of any shareholder (including any
beneficial owner), such shareholder shall be deemed to have consented to (i) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts
located within the Commonwealth of Virginia in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the provisions of this
Section 7 of Article VI and (ii) having service of process made upon such shareholder in any such action by service upon such shareholder&rsquo;s
counsel in the Foreign Action as agent for such shareholder. Failure to enforce the provisions of this Section 7 of Article VI would cause
the company irreparable harm and the company shall be entitled to equitable relief, including injunctive relief and specific performance
to enforce the provisions of this Section 7 of Article VI.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt; margin: 0pt 0"></P>




<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: 36pt; margin: 0pt 0">If any provision of this Section 7 of Article VI shall be held to be invalid,
illegal or unenforceable as applied to any person or entity or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted
by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provision in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of Section
7 of Article VI (including, without limitation, each portion of any sentence of this Section 7 of Article VI containing any such provision
held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) and the application of such
provision to other persons or entities or circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. The existence of any prior
Alternative Forum Consent shall not act as a waiver of the company&rsquo;s ongoing consent right as set forth in this Section 7 of Article
VI with respect to any current or future actions or proceedings. To the extent that the United States District Court for the Western District
of Virginia, Harrisonburg Division, and the Circuit Court of the County of Shenandoah, Virginia, do not have personal jurisdiction over
the indispensable parties named as defendants, such parties must be given a reasonable opportunity to consent to such jurisdiction before
any action or proceeding may be brought or maintained in any other court.</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0cm">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0">* * * *</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 155.4pt">&nbsp;</P>


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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
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</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>shen-20220419_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.22.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139961508573832">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 19, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Apr. 19,  2022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">0-9881<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Shenandoah Telecommunications Company<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000354963<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">54-1162807<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">VA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">500 Shentel Way<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">P.O. Box 459<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Edinburg<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">VA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">22824<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(540)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">984-4141<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock (No Par Value)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">SHEN<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
