11. Segment Information

In the first quarter of 2015, we disposed of our Travelocity segment; therefore, the financial results of Travelocity are excluded from the segment information presented below and are included in net income (loss) from discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements.

Our reportable segments are based upon: our internal organizational structure; the manner in which our operations are managed; the criteria used by our Chief Executive Officer, who is our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), to evaluate segment performance; the availability of separate financial information; and overall materiality considerations.

Our business has two reportable segments: (i) Travel Network and (ii) Airline and Hospitality Solutions, which aggregates the Airline Solutions and Hospitality Solutions operating segments as these operating segments have similar economic characteristics, generate revenues on transaction-based fees, incur the same types of expenses and use our software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) based and hosted applications and platforms to market to the travel industry.

Our CODM utilizes Adjusted Gross Margin and Adjusted EBITDA as the measures of profitability to evaluate performance of our segments and allocate resources. Segment results do not include unallocated expenses or interest expenses which are centrally managed costs. Benefits expense, including pension expense, postretirement benefits, medical insurance and workers’ compensation are allocated to the segments based on headcount. Depreciation expense on the corporate headquarters building and related facilities costs are allocated to the segments through a facility fee based on headcount. Corporate includes certain shared expenses such as accounting, human resources, legal, corporate systems, and other shared technology costs. Corporate also includes all amortization of intangible assets and any related impairments that originate from purchase accounting, as well as stock based compensation expense, restructuring charges, legal reserves, occupancy taxes and other items not identifiable with one of our segments.

We account for significant intersegment transactions as if the transactions were with third parties, that is, at estimated current market prices. The majority of the intersegment revenues and cost of revenues are fees charged by Travel Network to Airline and Hospitality Solutions for airline trips booked through our GDS.

Our CODM does not review total assets by segment as operating evaluations and resource allocation decisions are not made on the basis of total assets by segment. Our CODM uses Adjusted Capital Expenditures in making product investment decisions and determining development resource requirements.

The performance of our segments is evaluated primarily on Adjusted Gross Margin and Adjusted EBITDA which are not recognized terms under GAAP. Our uses of Adjusted Gross Margin and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP.

We define Adjusted Gross Margin as operating income adjusted for selling, general and administrative expenses, amortization of upfront incentive consideration, and the cost of revenue portion of depreciation and amortization, restructuring and other costs and stock-based compensation.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as income from continuing operations adjusted for depreciation and amortization of property and equipment, amortization of capitalized implementation costs, acquisition-related amortization, amortization of upfront incentive consideration, interest expense, net, loss on extinguishment of debt, other, net, restructuring and other costs, acquisition-related costs, litigation costs, stock-based compensation, management fees and income taxes. We define Adjusted Capital Expenditures as additions to property and equipment and capitalized implementation costs during the periods presented.

Segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2015			2014
Revenue
Travel Network	$	507,930		$	491,726
Airline and Hospitality Solutions		204,900			176,717
Eliminations		(2,482	)		(2,028	)
Total revenue	$	710,348		$	666,415

Adjusted Gross Margin^(a)
Travel Network	$	244,119		$	236,648
Airline and Hospitality Solutions		89,199			65,540
Corporate		(12,596	)		(15,323	)
Total	$	320,722		$	286,865

Adjusted EBITDA^(b)
Travel Network	$	232,087		$	214,843
Airline and Hospitality Solutions		71,488			53,460
Total segments		303,575			268,303
Corporate		(59,989	)		(57,040	)
Total	$	243,586		$	211,263

Depreciation and amortization
Travel Network	$	14,344		$	16,037
Airline and Hospitality Solutions		42,997			26,998
Total segments		57,341			43,035
Corporate		32,720			38,599
Total	$	90,061		$	81,634

Adjusted Capital Expenditures^(c)
Travel Network	$	13,085		$	15,313
Airline and Hospitality Solutions		54,437			38,400
Total segments		67,522			53,713
Corporate		8,717			3,598
Total	$	76,239		$	57,311

(a)	The following tables set forth the reconciliation of Adjusted Gross Margin to operating income in our statement of operations (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2015		2014
Adjusted Gross Margin	$	320,722	$	286,865
Less adjustments:
Selling, general and administrative		122,358		110,738
Cost of revenue adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization⁽¹⁾		64,667		58,809
Amortization of upfront incentive consideration⁽²⁾		11,172		11,047
Restructuring and other costs⁽⁴⁾		—		1,178
Stock-based compensation		3,533		1,386
Operating income	$	118,992	$	103,707

(b)	The following tables set forth the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to income from continuing operations in our statement of operations (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2015		2014
Adjusted EBITDA	$	243,586	$	211,263
Less adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment^(1a)		61,663		40,449
Amortization of capitalized implementation costs^(1b)		7,524		9,097
Acquisition-related amortization^(1c)		21,675		32,889
Amortization of upfront incentive consideration⁽²⁾		11,172		11,047
Interest expense, net		46,453		63,944
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—		2,980
Other, net ⁽³⁾		4,445		2,354
Restructuring and other costs⁽⁴⁾		—		1,556
Acquisition-related costs⁽⁵⁾		1,811		—
Litigation costs⁽⁶⁾		3,436		4,546
Stock-based compensation		8,794		3,599
Management fees⁽⁷⁾		—		1,932
Provision for income taxes		27,283		14,911
Income from continuing operations	$	49,330	$	21,959

________________________________________________________________________

(1)	Depreciation and amortization expenses:

a.	Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment includes software developed for internal use.

b.	Amortization of capitalized implementation costs represents amortization of upfront costs to implement new customer contracts under our SaaS and hosted revenue model.

c.	Acquisition related amortization represents amortization of intangible assets from the take-private transaction in 2007 as well as intangibles associated with acquisitions since that date and amortization of the excess basis in our underlying equity in joint ventures.

(2)

Our Travel Network business at times makes upfront cash payments or other consideration to travel agency subscribers at the inception or modification of a service contract, which are capitalized and amortized over an average expected life of the service contract, generally over three to five years. Such consideration is made with the objective of increasing the number of clients or to ensure or improve customer loyalty. Such service contract terms are established such that the supplier and other fees generated over the life of the contract will exceed the cost of the incentive consideration provided up front. Such service contracts with travel agency subscribers require that the customer commit to achieving certain economic objectives and generally have terms requiring repayment of the upfront incentive consideration if those objectives are not met.

(3)	Other, net primarily represents foreign exchange gains and losses related to the remeasurement of foreign currency denominated balances included in our consolidated balance sheets into the relevant functional currency.

(4)	Restructuring and other costs represent charges associated with business restructuring and associated changes implemented which resulted in severance benefits related to employee terminations, integration and facility opening or closing costs and other business reorganization costs.

(5)	Acquisition-related costs represent fees and expenses incurred associated with the previously disclosed possible acquisition within the Travel Network segment.

(6)	Litigation costs represent charges or settlements associated with airline antitrust litigation (see Note 10, Contingencies).

(7)

We paid an annual management fee, pursuant to a Management Services Agreement (“MSA”), to TPG Global, LLC (“TPG”) and Silver Lake Management Company (“Silver Lake”) in an amount between (i) $5 million and (ii) $7 million, the actual amount of which is calculated based upon 1% of Adjusted EBITDA, earned by the company in such fiscal year up to a maximum of $7 million. In addition, the MSA provided for reimbursement of certain costs incurred by TPG and Silver Lake, which are included in this line item. The MSA was terminated in April 2014 in connection with our initial public offering.

(c)	Includes capital expenditures and capitalized implementation costs as summarized below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2015		2014
Additions to property and equipment	$	61,912	$	49,658
Capitalized implementation costs		14,327		7,653
Adjusted Capital Expenditures	$	76,239	$	57,311