Secured financings and warehouse facilities were utilized to finance the origination and purchase of commercial real estate mortgage loans. Warehouse facilities are designated to fund mortgage loans that are purchased and originated within specified underwriting guidelines. These lines of credit fund less than 100% of the principal balance of the mortgage loans originated and purchased, requiring the use of working capital to fund the remaining portion.

On February 5, 2021, the Company entered into a five-year $175.0 million syndicated corporate debt agreement, the (“2021 Term Loan”). The 2021 Term Loan bears interest at a rate equal to one-month LIBOR plus 8.00% with a 1.00% LIBOR floor, and matures on February 4, 2026. The principal of the 2021 Term Loan amortizes quarterly at an annual rate of 2.50% for the first year and 5.00% per year thereafter. A portion of the net proceeds from the 2021 Term Loan was used to redeem all the amounts owed pursuant to the 2019 debt agreement (“2019 Term Loan”). The remaining portion of the net proceeds from the 2021 Term Loan is used for loan originations and general corporate purposes.

As of September 30, 2021, the balance of the 2021 Term Loan was $171.9 million. The balance of the 2019 Term Loan was $78.0 million as of December 31, 2020. The balances in the consolidated Balance Sheets are net of debt issuance costs and discounts of $8.5 million and $3.0 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The 2021 Term Loan is secured by substantially all assets of the Company not otherwise pledged under a securitization or warehouse facility and contains certain reporting and financial covenants. Should the Company fail to adhere to those covenants, the lenders have the right to demand immediate repayment that may require the Company to sell the collateral at less than the carrying amounts. As of September 30, 2021, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

On May 17, 2013, the Company entered into a Repurchase Agreement (“the 2013 Repurchase Agreement”) with a warehouse lender. The 2013 Repurchase Agreement has a current maturity date of September 29, 2023, and is a short-term borrowing facility, collateralized by a pool of performing loans, with a maximum capacity of $200.0 million, and bears interest at one-month LIBOR plus 3.25%. All borrower payments on loans financed under the warehouse repurchase facility are first used to pay interest on the facility.

On September 12, 2018, the Company entered into a three-year secured revolving loan facility agreement (“the Bank Credit Agreement”) with a bank. The Bank Credit Agreement has a current extended maturity date of November 10, 2023. During the borrowing period, the Company can take loan advances from time to time subject to availability. Each loan advance bears interest at the lesser of the one-month LIBOR Rate with a 0.75% floor, plus 3.5% per annum and the maximum rate, which is the highest lawful and non-usurious rate of interest applicable to the loan. The maximum capacity under this facility is $50.0 million. Borrowings under this warehouse agreement were $30.7 million and zero as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

On December 26, 2019, the Company entered into a $3.0 million loan agreement (“the 2019 Loan”) with a lender. The 2019 Loan is secured by five real properties acquired by the Company through foreclosure or by deed-in lieu of foreclosure. The 2019 Loan bears a fixed interest rate of 9.5% with an extended maturity date of December 31, 2021.

On January 29, 2021, the Company entered into a non-mark-to-market Repurchase Agreement (“the 2021 Repurchase Agreement”) with a warehouse lender. The 2021 Repurchase Agreement has a maturity date of January 29, 2022, and was a short-term borrowing facility, collateralized by a pool of loans, with a maximum capacity of $200.0 million, and bore interest at one-month LIBOR plus a margin of 3.50% during the availability period and 4.50% during the amortization period. All borrower payments on loans financed under the warehouse repurchase facility are first used to pay interest on the facility.

On April 16, 2021, The Company entered into a Term Repurchase Agreement (“the 2021 Term Repurchase Agreement”) with a warehouse lender. The 2021 Term Repurchase Agreement has a maturity date of April 16, 2024, with a borrowing period through April 16, 2023. During the borrowing period, the Company can take loan advances from time to time subject to availability. Each loan advance bears interest at one-month LIBOR plus 3.0% per annum. The maximum capacity under this facility is $100.0 million.

On July 29, 2021, the Company entered into a non-mark-to-market Term Repurchase Agreement (“the July 2021 Term Repurchase Agreement”) with a warehouse lender. The July 2021 Term Repurchase Agreement has a maturity date of July 29, 2024, with an option to extend the term to July 29, 2025. During the borrowing period, the Company can take loan advances from time to time subject to availability. Each loan advance bears interest at one-month LIBOR with a 0.5% floor plus 4.5% per annum. The maximum capacity under this facility is $100.0 million.

Certain of the Company’s loans are pledged as security under the warehouse repurchase facilities and the revolving loan facility, which contain covenants. Should the Company fail to adhere to those covenants or otherwise default under the facilities, the lenders have the right to terminate the facilities and demand immediate repayment that may require the Company to sell the collateral at less than the carrying amounts. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

The following table summarizes the maximum borrowing capacity and current gross balances outstanding of the Company’s warehouse facilities and loan agreements as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Period end balance⁽¹⁾		Maximum borrowing capacity		Period end balance⁽¹⁾		Maximum borrowing capacity
The 2021 term repurchase agreement	$	21,205	$	100,000		—		—
The 2021 repurchase agreement		127,898		200,000		—		—
The July 2021 term repurchase agreement		—		100,000		—		—
The 2013 repurchase agreement		77,209		200,000		73,502		100,000
The Bank credit agreement		30,732		50,000		—		—
The 2019 loan agreement		2,700		3,000		2,700		3,000

The following table provides an overview of the activity and effective interest rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Warehouse and repurchase facilities:	2021			2020			2021			2020
Average outstanding balance	$	182,383		$	22,306		$	154,297		$	204,110
Highest outstanding balance at any month-end		259,744			19,823			281,690			450,194
Effective interest rate⁽¹⁾		5.19	%		12.61	%		5.56	%		4.99	%

The following table provides a summary of interest expense that includes debt issuance cost amortization, interest, amortization of discount, and deal cost amortization for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021			2020
Warehouse and repurchase facilities	$	2,365	$	703	$	6,433		$	7,635
Securitizations		17,956		21,644		55,287			58,749
Interest expense — portfolio related		20,321		22,347		61,720			66,384
Interest expense — corporate debt		4,488		1,913		16,147	⁽¹⁾		10,149	⁽²⁾
Total interest expense	$	24,809	$	24,260	$	77,867		$	76,533