Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and to determine fair value disclosures. Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as impaired loans. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The Company groups assets at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:


Level 1:	Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.


Level 2:	Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.


Level 3:	Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

Following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets recorded at fair value. The Company does not have any liabilities recorded at fair value.

Investment Securities Available for Sale

Securities available for sale are valued on a recurring basis at quoted market prices where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted prices of comparable securities. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities and debentures issued by government sponsored enterprises, municipal bonds, and corporate debt securities. Level 3 securities include one community bank corporate bond that is thinly traded. The community bank corporate bond was acquired as part of a bank acquisition and is carried at book value, which approximates fair value. Because the bond is thinly traded we rely on public information to review the overall financial condition and capital level of the community bank.

Loans

The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. From time to time, however, a loan is considered impaired and an allowance for loan losses is established. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. Once a loan is identified as individually impaired, the fair value is estimated using one of several methods, including collateral value, market value of similar debt, enterprise value, liquidation value and discounted cash flows. The Company reviews all impaired loans each quarter to determine if an allowance is necessary. Those impaired loans not requiring an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans.

The fair value of impaired loans is estimated in one of two ways, which include collateral value and discounted cash flows. Loans are considered collateral dependent if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. For these collateral dependent impaired loans, the Company obtains updated appraisals at least annually. These appraisals are reviewed for appropriateness and then discounted for estimated closing costs to determine if an allowance is necessary. As part of the quarterly review of impaired loans, the Company reviews these appraisals to determine if any additional discounts to the fair value are necessary. If a current appraisal is not obtained, the Company determines whether a discount is needed to the value from the original appraisal based on the decline in value of similar properties with recent appraisals. For loans that are not collateral dependent, estimated fair value is based on the present value of expected future cash flows using the interest rate implicit in the original agreement. Impaired loans where a charge-off has occurred or an allowance is established during the period being reported require classification in the fair value hierarchy. The Company records such impaired loans as a nonrecurring Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale are adjusted to lower of cost or fair value. Fair value is based upon investor pricing. The Company considers all loans held for sale carried at fair value as nonrecurring Level 3.

Real Estate Owned

REO is considered held for sale and is adjusted to fair value less estimated selling costs upon transfer of the loan to foreclosed assets. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised value of the collateral or management's estimation of the value of the collateral. The Company considers all REO that has been charged off or received an allowance during the period as nonrecurring Level 3.

Financial Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at the dates indicated:



	December 31, 2016
Description	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
U.S Government Agencies	$	72,687	$	—	$	72,687	$	—
Residential Mortgage-backed Securities of U.S. Government Agencies and Government Sponsored Enterprises	82,282		—		82,282		—
Municipal Bonds	18,325		—		18,325		—
Corporate Bonds	7,692		—		6,692		1,000
Equity Securities	63		—		63		—
Total	$	181,049	$	—	$	180,049	$	1,000



	June 30, 2016
Description	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
U.S Government Agencies	$	77,980	$	—	$	77,980	$	—
Residential Mortgage-backed Securities of U.S. Government Agencies and Government Sponsored Enterprises	97,408		—		97,408		—
Municipal Bonds	17,234		—		17,234		—
Corporate Bonds	7,967		—		6,967		1,000
Equity Securities	63		—		63		—
Total	$	200,652	$	—	$	199,652	$	1,000

There were no transfers between levels during the three or six months ended December 31, 2016.

The following table presents financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at the dates indicated:



	December 31, 2016
Description	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Impaired loans	$	7,350	$	—	$	—	$	7,350
REO	690		—		—		690
Total	$	8,040	$	—	$	—	$	8,040



	June 30, 2016
Description	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Impaired loans	$	4,239	$	—	$	—	$	4,239
REO	1,117		—		—		1,117
Total	$	5,356	$	—	$	—	$	5,356

Quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements during the period ended December 31, 2016 is shown in the table below:



	Fair Value at December 31, 2016		Valuation Techniques	Unobservable Input	Range	Weighted Average
Nonrecurring measurements:
Impaired loans, net	$	7,350	Discounted appraisals and discounted cash flows	Collateral discounts and discount spread	1% - 13%	3%
REO	$	690	Discounted appraisals	Collateral discounts	10% - 20%	12%

The stated carrying value and estimated fair value amounts of financial instruments as of December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, are summarized below:



	December 31, 2016
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and interest-bearing deposits	$	45,149	$	45,149	$	45,149	$	—	$	—
Commercial paper	179,939		179,939		179,939		—		—
Certificates of deposit in other banks	150,147		150,147		—		150,147		—
Securities available for sale	181,049		181,049		—		180,049		1,000
Loans, net	1,934,618		1,849,875		—		—		1,849,875
Loans held for sale	4,998		5,078		—		—		5,078
FHLB stock	26,152		26,152		26,152		—		—
FRB stock	6,189		6,189		6,189		—		—
Accrued interest receivable	7,792		7,792		—		1,096		6,696
Noninterest-bearing and NOW deposits	658,015		658,015		—		658,015		—
Money market accounts	520,138		520,138		—		520,138		—
Savings accounts	210,283		210,283		—		210,283		—
Certificates of deposit	397,729		395,388		—		395,388		—
Borrowings	560,000		560,000		—		560,000		—
Accrued interest payable	206		206		—		206		—



	June 30, 2016
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash and interest-bearing deposits	$	52,596	$	52,596	$	52,596	$	—	$	—
Commercial paper	229,859		229,859		229,859		—		—
Certificates of deposit in other banks	161,512		161,512		—		161,512		—
Securities available for sale	200,652		200,652		—		199,652		1,000
Loans, net	1,811,539		1,761,926		—		—		1,761,926
Loans held for sale	5,783		5,876		—		—		5,876
FHLB stock	23,304		23,304		23,304		—		—
FRB stock	6,182		6,182		6,182		—		—
Accrued interest receivable	7,405		7,405		—		1,106		6,299
Noninterest-bearing and NOW deposits	628,910		628,910		—		628,910		—
Money market accounts	520,320		520,320		—		520,320		—
Savings accounts	210,817		210,817		—		210,817		—
Certificates of deposit	442,649		442,203		—		442,203		—
Borrowings	491,000		491,000		—		491,000		—
Accrued interest payable	246		246		—		246		—

The Company had off-balance sheet financial commitments, which included approximately $523,380 and $505,163 of commitments to originate loans, undisbursed portions of interim construction loans, and unused lines of credit at December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively (see Note 9). Since these commitments are based on current rates, the carrying amount approximates the fair value.

Estimated fair values were determined using the following methods and assumptions:

Cash and interest-bearing deposits – The stated amounts approximate fair values as maturities are less than 90 days.

Commercial paper - The stated amounts approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these investments.

Certificates of deposit in other banks – The stated amounts approximate fair values.

Securities available for sale – Fair values are based on quoted market prices where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments. The Company has one $1.0 million community bank corporate bond that is not actively traded and considered a level three asset.

Loans held for sale – The fair value of loans held for sale is determined by outstanding commitments from investors on a "best efforts" basis or current investor yield requirements, calculated on the aggregate loan basis.

Loans, net – Fair values for loans are estimated by segregating the portfolio by type of loan and discounting scheduled cash flows using current market interest rates for loans with similar terms and credit quality. A prepayment assumption is used as an estimate of the portion of loans that will be repaid prior to their scheduled maturity. Both the carrying value and estimated fair value amounts are shown net of the allowance for loan losses and purchase discounts.

FHLB and FRB stock– No ready market exists for these stocks and they have no quoted market value. However, redemptions of these securities have historically been at par value. Accordingly, cost is deemed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Deposits – Fair values for demand deposits, money market accounts, and savings accounts are the amounts payable on demand as of December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016. The fair value of certificates of deposit is estimated by discounting the contractual cash flows using current market interest rates for accounts with similar maturities.

Borrowings – The fair value of advances from the FHLB is estimated based on current rates for borrowings with similar terms.

Accrued interest receivable and payable – The stated amounts of accrued interest receivable and payable approximate the fair value.

Limitations – Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company's entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company's financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on-and-off balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. For example, a significant asset not considered a financial asset is premises and equipment. In addition, tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of the estimates.