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Fair value measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Fair value measurements

Fair value measurements

17. Fair value measurements

Assets and liabilities disclosed at fair value

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are classified as Level 1, as their carrying amounts approximate fair value based on quoted market prices in active markets. Time and structured deposits are classified as Level 2; their fair value is estimated using prevailing interest rates. Short-term investments consist of publicly traded stocks and funds, which are classified as Level 1 assets using quoted market prices, and private equity funds and trust products assets using net value provided by securities companies, which are classified as Level 2 assets as there are no active markets for these products. The Company’s other financial instruments included account receivables, short-term borrowing and certain amount of accrued expense and other liabilities as well as prepaid expense and other current asset. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate to their fair values due to their short-term maturities and are classified within Level 3 as their valuation involves unobservable inputs such as management’s estimates of credit risk and settlement timing.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

The Company measures its property and equipment, intangible assets and equity method investment at fair value on a nonrecurring basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may no longer be recoverable.

The Company also measures equity investments without readily determinable fair values on a nonrecurring basis. The non-recurring fair value measurements to the carrying amount of such investments usually require management to estimate a price adjustment for the different rights and obligations between a similar instrument of the same issuer from an observable price change in an orderly transaction and the investment held by the Company. These non-recurring fair value measurements were measured as of the observable transaction dates. The valuation methodologies involved require management to use the observable transaction price at the transaction date (level 2). When there is impairment of equity securities accounted for under the measurement alternative, the non-recurring fair value measurements are measured at the date of impairment. Estimating the fair value of investees is highly judgmental due to the subjectivity of the unobservable inputs (level 3) used in the valuation methodologies used to determine fair value.

The Company measured its short-term investments, derivative instruments, at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company measures its short-term investments at fair value using the redemption price of wealth management products (level 1) daily or net value (level 2) on a regular basis published by the banks or trust companies, quoted prices of marketable equity securities (level 1) and negotiable certificate of deposit in active markets (level 1). The fair value of derivative instruments is based on the change in the market value of the underlying ADSs and periodic interest (level 2). For equity investments in private equity funds, over which the Company do not have the ability to exercise significant influence, are measured using the net asset value per share based on the practical expedient in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), or NAV practical expedient. The Company did not transfer any assets or liabilities in or out of level 3 during the years ended December 31,2023 and 2024.

​

17. Fair value measurements – continued

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis - continued

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	As of December 31, 2023
​	​	Active market	​	Observable	​	Non-observable	​	​
​	​	(Level 1)	​	input (Level 2)	​	input (Level 3)	​	Total
​		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Assets:	​		​		​
Short-term investments	​	612,857,046	​	30,036,494	​	—		642,893,540
Long-term investments without readily determinable fair value using NAV practical expedient1	​	—	​	—	​	—		14,445,946
Liabilities:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Derivative instruments	​	—	​	312,870,238	​	—		312,870,238

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	As of December 31, 2024
​	​	Active market	​	Observable	​	Non-observable	​	​
​	​	(Level 1)	​	input (Level 2)	​	input (Level 3)	​	Total
​		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Assets:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Short-term investments		1,091,582,140		26,965,315		—		1,118,547,455
Long-term investments without readily determinable fair value using NAV practical expedient1		—		—		—		15,163,357
Liabilities:		​
Derivative instruments		—		89,894,630		—		89,894,630

​

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	As of December 31, 2024
​	​	Active market	​	Observable	​	Non-observable	​	​
​	​	(Level 1)	​	input (Level 2)	​	input (Level 3)	​	Total
​		US$		US$		US$		US$
Assets:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Short-term investments		149,546,140		3,694,233		—		153,240,373
Long-term investments without readily determinable fair value using NAV practical expedient1		—		—		—		2,077,371
Liabilities:
Derivative instruments		—		12,315,514		—		12,315,514

¹ Investments are measured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient. These investments have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet.

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- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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