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Fair value measurements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair value measurements | Fair value measurements The Company has adopted and follows ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, for measurement and disclosures about fair value of its financial instruments. ASC 820 establishes a framework for measuring fair value in U.S. GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures, ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three (3) broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three (3) levels of fair value hierarchy defined by ASC 820 are: Level 1 — Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Level 2 — Inputs (other than quoted market prices included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life. Level 3 — Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model. Valuation of instruments includes unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value of assets or liabilities. As defined by ASC 820, the fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale, which was further clarified as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (“an exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As required, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The following table presents the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:
| December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
(in thousands) | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments - commodity derivatives | $ | 12,306 |  |  | $ | 12,306 |  |  | $ | 10,089 |  |  | $ | 10,089 |
Equity investments | $ | 50,427 |  |  | $ | 50,427 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments - common stock warrants | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,902 |  |  | $ | 11,902 |
Revolving credit facilities | $ | 110,000 |  |  | $ | 110,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative instruments - commodity derivatives | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 431 |  |  | $ | 431 |
Revolving credit facilities — The carrying amounts of the revolving credit facilities approximate their fair values, as the applicable interest rates are variable and reflective of market rates. Other financial assets and liabilities — The carrying amounts of the Company’s other financial assets and liabilities, such as revenue receivable and accrued expenses due to sellers, approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments. Derivative instruments - commodity derivatives — The fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments is estimated by management considering various factors, including closing exchange and over-the-counter quotations and the time value of the underlying commitments. The fair value of the Company’s commodity derivative instruments is considered to be a Level 2 measurement. S ubstantially all of these inputs are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the derivative instrument, can be derived from observable data, or supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. The Company’s valuation models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various inputs including: (i) quoted forward prices for commodities, (ii) current market and contractual prices for the underlying instruments, (iii) applicable credit-adjusted risk-free rate curves, as well as other relevant economic measures. Derivative instruments - common stock warrants — The fair value of the Company’s common stock warrant liability was valued using the instrument’s publicly listed trading price, which is considered to be a Level 1 measurement due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market. Equity investments — The fair value of the Company’s investment in Vital Energy's common stock was valued using the instrument's publicly listed trading price, which is considered to be a Level 1 measurement due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market. The fair value of the Company's investment in Vital Energy's preferred stock is estimated by management considering various factors, including the publicly listed trading price of Vital Energy's common shares and the present value of expected dividends prior to the conversion of the preferred shares. The fair value of the investment in preferred stock is considered to be a Level 2 measurement. S ubstantially all of these inputs are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the instrument, can be derived from observable data, or supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. The Vital Energy common and preferred shares are subject to certain restrictions. Upon approval by holders of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of Vital Energy common stock eligible to vote, the Preferred Stock is to be converted into common shares. Prior to this stockholder approval, the common shares owned by the Company are not entitled to vote and bear a restricted legend to that effect. For each share of Preferred Stock being converted, the Company shall receive a number of common shares in aggregate equal to the conversion rate. The initial conversion rate is one share of common stock per share of Preferred Stock. The conversion rate is adjusted upon the occurrence of events such as Vital Energy's issuance of common stock as a dividend, the issuance of common stock warrants or similar rights to all the common stockholders, the distribution of shares of its capital stock to acquire its capital stock or other securities, or if Vital Energy makes a cash distribution, except if it elects to give a dividend to the Preferred Stock in lieu of an adjustment to the conversion price. Financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The following tables summarize (i) the valuation of each of the Company’s financial instruments by required fair value hierarchy levels and (ii) the gross fair value by the appropriate balance sheet classification even when the derivative instruments are subject to netting arrangements and qualify for net presentation in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company nets the fair value of commodity derivative instruments by counterparty in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
| Year Ended December 31, 2023
| Fair Value Measurement Using |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total Fair Value |  | Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Fair Value Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Equity investments - common stock | $ | 25,554 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,554 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,554 |
Equity investments - preferred stock | — |  |  | 24,873 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,873 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,873 |
Total equity investments | $ | 25,554 |  |  | $ | 24,873 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50,427 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50,427 |
Assets (at fair value): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives – current portion | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,202 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,202 |  |  | $ | (3,085) |  |  | $ | 11,117 |
Commodity derivatives – noncurrent portion | — |  |  | 2,534 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,534 |  |  | (1,345) |  |  | 1,189 |
Liabilities (at fair value): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives – current portion | — |  |  | (3,085) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,085) |  |  | 3,085 |  |  | — |
Commodity derivatives – noncurrent portion | — |  |  | (1,345) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,345) |  |  | 1,345 |  |  | — |
Net derivative instruments | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,306 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,306 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,306 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2022
| Fair Value Measurement Using |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total Fair Value |  | Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Fair Value Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Assets (at fair value): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives – current portion | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,197 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,197 |  |  | $ | (10,108) |  |  | $ | 10,089 |
Liabilities (at fair value): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives – current portion | — |  |  | (10,539) |  |  | — |  |  | (10,539) |  |  | 10,108 |  |  | (431) |
Warrant liability – noncurrent portion | (11,902) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,902) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net derivative instruments | $ | (11,902) |  |  | $ | 9,658 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2,244) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,658 |
Fair Values – Non Recurring Impairments of long-lived assets — The Company periodically reviews its long-lived assets to be held and used, including proved oil and natural gas properties and their integrated assets, whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of those assets may not be recoverable, for instance when there are declines in commodity prices or well performance. The Company reviews its oil and natural gas properties by depletion base. An impairment loss is indicated if the sum of the expected undiscounted future net cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets. If the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the Company’s assets, it recognizes an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. The Company calculates the expected undiscounted future net cash flows of its long-lived assets and their integrated assets using management’s assumptions and expectations of (i) commodity prices, which are based on the NYMEX strip, (ii) pricing adjustments for differentials, (iii) production costs, (iv) capital expenditures, (v) production volumes, (vi) estimated proved reserves, and (vii) prevailing market rates of income and expenses from integrated assets. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s estimates of commodity prices for purposes of determining undiscounted future cash flows, which are based on the NYMEX strip, ranged from a 2024 price of $71.68 per barrel of oil decreasing to a 2028 price of $62.02 per barrel of oil. Natural gas prices ranged from a 2024 price of $2.67 per Mcf of natural gas increasing to a 2028 price of $3.80 per Mcf. Both oil and natural gas commodity prices for this purpose were held flat after 2028. The Company calculates the estimated fair values of its long-lived assets and their integrated assets using a discounted future cash flow model. Fair value assumptions associated with the calculation of discounted future net cash flows include (i) market estimates of commodity prices, which are based on the NYMEX strip, (ii) pricing adjustments for differentials, (iii) production costs, (iv) capital expenditures, (v) production volumes, (vi) estimated proved reserves, (vii) prevailing market rates of income and expenses from integrated assets and (viii) discount rate. The expected future net cash flows are generally discounted using an annual rate of 10 percent to determine fair value for proved developed producing reserves and an appropriate market discount rate based on risk for other reserve categories. These are classified as Level 3 fair value assumptions. In the fourth quarter of 2023, there were indicators that the carrying value of the Company's Haynesville properties may be impaired due to a decline in natural gas prices and negative reserve revisions for certain wells that had recently begun production as well as certain proved undeveloped wells. As a result of the impairment evaluation, where the income approach was utilized (discounted cash flow model) to assess fair value, the Company recorded impairment of $26.5 million. The Company did not have any impairment indicators during the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021. The following table presents the value of these assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at the time impairment was recorded:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
(in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Impairment |  | Fair Value |  | Impairment |  | Fair Value |  | Impairment
Oil and natural gas properties | $ | 31,781 |  |  | $ | 26,496 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Asset retirement obligations — The fair value measurements of asset retirement obligations are measured on a nonrecurring basis when a well is drilled or acquired or when production equipment and facilities are installed or acquired using a discounted cash flow model based on inputs that are not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 inputs. Significant inputs to the fair value measurement of asset retirement obligations include estimates of the costs of plugging and abandoning oil and natural gas wells, removing production equipment and facilities and restoring the surface of the land as well as estimates of the economic lives of the oil and natural gas wells and future inflation rates.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 + Details
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