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Income taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of components of income tax expense
The Components of income tax expense were as follows for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202320222021
Current
Federal$— $— $— 
State209 — — 
209 — — 
Deferred
Federal$22,314 $11,444 $— 
State1,960 1,406 — 
24,274 12,850 — 
Income tax expense$24,483 $12,850 $— 
Schedule of effective tax rate
The following reconciles the income tax expense included in the consolidated statements of operations with the income tax expense that would result from the application of the statutory federal tax rate:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202320222021
Income (loss) before income taxes$105,582 $275,194 $108,459 
Income tax expense (benefit) at federal statutory rate22,172 57,791 22,776 
Net (income) loss prior to Business Combination - non taxable— (46,051)(22,776)
Impact of prior tax returns142 — — 
State income taxes, net of federal benefit2,169 1,110 — 
Income tax expense$24,483 $12,850 $— 
Effective tax rate23.2 %4.7 %0.0 %
Schedule of significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities
Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are included in the table below:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Deferred tax assets
Net operating loss carryforwards$13,677 $11,500 
Disallowed interest expense carryforward1,335 56 
Asset retirement obligation2,169 1,128 
Other deductible temporary differences495 32 
Total deferred tax assets17,676 12,716 
Less: valuation allowance— — 
Net deferred tax assets$17,676 $12,716 
Deferred tax liabilities 
Property, plant and equipment$(88,870)$(60,269)
Unrealized derivatives(2,795)(2,196)
Total deferred tax liabilities(91,665)(62,465)
Net deferred tax liability$(73,989)$(49,749)