20. Fair Value

Fair Value Measurement

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy has also been established which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The following three levels of inputs are used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The fair values of most trading securities and securities available for sale are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1 inputs) or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs). The fair value of one corporate bond held by the Corporation has been determined by using Level 3 inputs. The Corporation has engaged a valuation expert to price this security using a proprietary model which incorporates assumptions about certain factors that market participants would use in pricing the securities, including bid/ask spreads and liquidity and credit premiums.

The Corporation’s structured pooled trust preferred security is priced using Level 3 inputs. The decline in the level of observable inputs and market activity in this class of investments by the measurement date has been significant and resulted in unreliable external pricing. Broker pricing and bid/ask spreads, when available, vary widely, and the once-active market has become comparatively inactive. The Corporation engaged a third party consultant who has developed a model for pricing this security. Information such as historical and current performance of the underlying collateral, deferral and default rates, collateral coverage ratios, break in yield calculations, cash flow projections, liquidity and credit premiums required by a market participant, and financial trend analysis with respect to the individual issuing financial institutions and insurance companies are utilized in determining the security valuation. Due to the current market conditions as well as the limited trading activity of these types of securities, the market value of the Corporation’s structured pooled trust preferred security is highly sensitive to assumption changes and market volatility.

The Corporation’s derivative instrument is an interest rate swap that is similar to those that trade in liquid markets. As such, significant fair value inputs can generally be verified and do not typically involve significant management judgments (Level 2 inputs).

The fair value of impaired loans with specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses is generally based on recent real estate appraisals prepared by third-parties. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Management also adjusts appraised values based on the length of time that has passed since the appraisal date and other factors. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows at December 31, 2013 and 2012:


				Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013 Using
Description	Total			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Securities Available For Sale:
U.S. Treasury	$	0		$	0	$	0		$	0
U.S. Government sponsored entities		181,625			0		181,625			0
States and political subdivisions		177,943			0		177,943			0
Residential and multi-family mortgage		242,607			0		242,607			0
Commercial mortgage		374			0		374			0
Corporate notes and bonds		14,075			0		14,075			0
Pooled trust preferred		661			0		0			661
Pooled SBA		67,721			0		67,721			0
Other securities		985			985		0			0

Total Securities Available For Sale	$	685,991		$	985	$	684,345		$	661

Trading Securities:
Corporate equity securities	$	2,705		$	2,705	$	0		$	0
Certificates of deposit		253			253		0			0
International mutual funds		259			259		0			0
Large cap growth mutual funds		197			197		0			0
Money market mutual funds		124			124		0			0
Large cap value mutual funds		129			129		0			0
Corporate notes and bonds		152			0		152			0
Real estate investment trust mutual funds		39			39		0			0
U.S. Government sponsored entities		52			0		52			0
Small cap mutual funds		83			83		0			0
Mid cap mutual funds		84			84		0			0
Commodities mutual funds		50			50		0			0

Total Trading Securities	$	4,127		$	3,923	$	204		$	0

Liabilities,
Interest rate swaps	$	(1,116	)	$	0	$	(1,116	)	$	0


				Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2012 Using
Description	Total			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Securities Available For Sale:
U.S. Treasury	$	4,036		$	0	$	4,036		$	0
U.S. Government sponsored entities		163,781			0		163,781			0
States and political subdivisions		181,279			0		181,279			0
Residential and multi-family mortgage		316,822			0		316,822			0
Commercial mortgage		1,304			0		1,304			0
Corporate notes and bonds		15,024			0		13,044			1,980
Pooled trust preferred		600			0		0			600
Pooled SBA		52,927			52,631		296			0
Other securities		1,538			1,538		0			0

Total Securities Available For Sale	$	737,311		$	54,169	$	680,562		$	2,580

Trading Securities:
Corporate equity securities	$	3,117		$	3,117	$	0		$	0
Certificates of deposit		408			408		0			0
International mutual funds		287			287		0			0
Large cap growth mutual funds		157			157		0			0
Money market mutual funds		110			110		0			0
Large cap value mutual funds		104			104		0			0
Corporate notes and bonds		101			0		101			0
Real estate investment trust mutual funds		65			65		0			0
U.S. Government sponsored entities		58			0		58			0
Small cap mutual funds		26			26		0			0
Mid cap mutual funds		26			26		0			0

Total Trading Securities	$	4,459		$	4,300	$	159		$	0

Liabilities,
Interest rate swaps	$	(1,745	)	$	0	$	(1,745	)	$	0

The table below presents a reconciliation and income statement classification of gains and losses for all securities available for sale measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the year ended December 31, 2013:


	Corporate notes and bonds			Pooled trust preferred
Balance, January 1, 2013	$	1,980		$	600
Total gains or (losses):
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)		(29	)		61
Included in realized gains on available-for-sale securities		58			0
Sale of available-for-sale securities		(2,009	)		0

Balance, December 31, 2013	$	0		$	661


	Corporate notes and bonds			Pooled trust preferred
Balance, January 1, 2012	$	2,060		$	340
Total gains or (losses):
Included in other comprehensive income (unrealized)		(80	)		260

Balance, December 31, 2012	$	1,980		$	600

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2013:

Fair value

Valuation
Technique

Unobservable

Inputs

Input

Utilized

Pooled trust preferred

661

Discounted

cash flow

Collateral default rate

Yield

Prepayment speed

2% in 2014; 1.5% in 2015; 1.0% in 2016; 0.5% in 2017 and thereafter

15%

2.0% constant prepayment rate in 2014 and thereafter

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2012:


	Fair value	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Input Utilized
Corporate notes and bonds	$1,980	Discounted cash flow	Constant prepayment rate Probability of default Discount rate	0% 0% 9.6%
Pooled trust preferred	$600	Discounted cash flow	Collateral default rate Discount rate Recovery probability	2% annually for 2 years; 0.36% thereafter 13% 10%, lagged 2 years

At December 31, 2013, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Corporation’s pooled trust preferred security are collateral default rate, yield, and prepayment speed. At December 31, 2012, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Corporation’s pooled trust preferred security are collateral default rate, yield, and recovery probability. Significant increases in specific-issuer default assumptions or decreases in specific-issuer recovery assumptions would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement. Conversely, decreases in specific-issuer default assumptions or increases in specific-issuer recovery assumptions would result in a higher fair value measurement.

During the year ended December 31, 2013, $52,631 of available for sale Pooled SBA securities reported as Level 1 securities as of the beginning of the year were transferred to the Level 2 category since the Corporation could not obtain quoted prices for identical assets in active markets.

During the year ended December 31, 2012, the following available for sale securities reported as Level 1 securities as of the beginning of the year were transferred to the Level 2 category:


	2012
U.S. Government sponsored entities	$	2,000
States and political subdivisions		4,655
Residential and multi-family mortgage		8,577

Total	$	15,232

These securities were transferred from the Level 1 category to the Level 2 category since there were no longer quoted prices for identical assets in active markets that the Corporation had the ability to access. There were no transfers of securities from Level 2 to Level 1 during the years ended December 31, 2013 or 2012. The Corporation’s policy for determining when a transfer between the Level 1 and Level 2 categories has occurred is to monitor and report such transfers as of each quarterly reporting period.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are as follows at December 31, 2013 and 2012:


			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013 Using
Description	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Impaired loans:
Commercial mortgages	$	3,000		0		0	$	3,000
Commercial, industrial, and agricultural		3,706		0		0		3,706

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2012 Using
Description	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Impaired loans:
Commercial mortgages	$	8,422	$	0	$	0	$	8,422
Commercial, industrial, and agricultural		1,973		0		0		1,973
Residential real estate		402		0		0		402

Impaired loans, which are measured for impairment using the fair value of collateral for collateral dependent loans, had a principal balance of $8,161, with a valuation allowance of $1,455 as of December 31, 2013, resulting in an additional provision for loan losses of $1,415 for the year then ended. Impaired loans had a principal balance of $12,535, with a valuation allowance of $1,738 as of December 31, 2012, resulting in an additional provision for loan losses of $2,558 for the year then ended.

The estimated fair values of impaired collateral dependent loans such as commercial or residential mortgages are determined primarily through third-party appraisals. When a collateral dependent loan, such as a commercial or residential mortgage loan, becomes impaired, a decision is made regarding whether an updated certified appraisal of the real estate is necessary. This decision is based on various considerations, including the age of the most recent appraisal, the loan-to-value ratio based on the original appraisal, and the condition of the property. Appraised values are discounted to arrive at the estimated selling price of the collateral and a further reduction for estimated costs to sell the property is applied, which results in an amount that is considered to be the estimated fair value. If a loan becomes impaired and the appraisal of related loan collateral is outdated, management applies an appropriate adjustment factor based on its experience with current valuations of similar collateral in determining the loan’s estimated fair value and resulting allowance for loan losses. Third-party appraisals are not customarily obtained in respect of unimpaired loans, unless in management’s view changes in circumstances warrant obtaining an updated appraisal.

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2013:


	Fair value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans – commercial mortgages	$	3,000	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between the comparable sales	17%—61% (22%)
Impaired loans – commercial, industrial, and agricultural	$	3,274	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between the comparable sales	9%
Impaired loans – commercial, industrial, and agricultural	$	432	Income approach	Adjustment for differences in net operating income	2%

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2012:


	Fair value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans – commercial mortgages	$	8,422	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between the comparable sales	1%—39% (19%)
Impaired loans – commercial, industrial, and agricultural	$	1,973	Income approach	Adjusting for differences in net operating income	24%—38% (27%)
Impaired loans – residential real estate	$	402	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between the comparable sales	10%—15% (11%)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments at December 31, 2013:


	Carrying Amount			Fair Value Measurement Using:									Total Fair Value
	Carrying Amount			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total Fair Value
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	29,633		$	29,633		$	0		$	0		$	29,633
Interest bearing time deposits with other banks		275			0			274			0			274
Securities available for sale		685,991			985			684,345			661			685,991
Trading securities		4,127			3,923			204			0			4,127
Loans held for sale		487			0			507			0			507
Net loans		1,279,129			0			0			1,276,622			1,276,622
FHLB and other equity interests		7,533			n/a			n/a			n/a			n/a
Accrued interest receivable		8,032			368			3,302			4,362			8,032

LIABILITIES
Deposits	$	(1,835,314	)	$	(1,569,552	)	$	(265,237	)	$	0		$	(1,834,789	)
FHLB and other borrowings		(87,950	)		0			(87,833	)		0			(87,833	)
Subordinated debentures		(20,620	)		0			(11,178	)		0			(11,178	)
Interest rate swaps		(1,116	)		0			(1,116	)		0			(1,116	)
Accrued interest payable		(868	)		(200	)		(653	)		(15	)		(868	)

The following table presents the carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments at December 31, 2012:


	Carrying Amount			Fair Value Measurement Using:									Total Fair Value
	Carrying Amount			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total Fair Value
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	31,881		$	31,881		$	0		$	0		$	31,881
Interest bearing time deposits with other banks		225			0			281			0			281
Securities available for sale		737,311			54,169			680,562			2,580			737,311
Trading securities		4,459			4,300			159			0			4,459
Loans held for sale		2,398			0			2,460			0			2,460
Net loans		913,764			0			0			946,238			946,238
FHLB and other equity interests		6,684			n/a			n/a			n/a			n/a
Accrued interest receivable		6,863			278			3,498			3,087			6,863

LIABILITIES
Deposits	$	(1,485,003	)	$	(1,272,060	)	$	(215,485	)	$	0		$	(1,487,545	)
FHLB and other borrowings		(97,806	)		0			(105,850	)		0			(105,850	)
Subordinated debentures		(20,620	)		0			(10,682	)		0			(10,682	)
Interest rate swaps		(1,745	)		0			(1,745	)		0			(1,745	)
Accrued interest payable		(1,022	)		(301	)		(707	)		(14	)		(1,022	)

The methods and assumptions, not otherwise presented, used to estimate fair values are described as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximate fair values and are classified as Level 1.

Interest bearing time deposits with other banks: The fair value of interest bearing time deposits with other banks is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities, resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Loans held for sale: The fair value of loans held for sale is estimated based upon binding contracts and quotes from third party investors resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Loans: For variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values, resulting in a Level 3 classification. Fair values for other loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality, resulting in a Level 3 classification. Impaired loans are valued at the lower of cost or fair value as described previously. The methods utilized to estimate the fair value of loans do not necessarily represent an exit price.

FHLB and other equity interests: It is not practical to determine the fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank stock and other equity interests due to restrictions placed on the transferability of these instruments.

Accrued interest receivable: The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable approximates fair value resulting in a classification that is consistent with the asset with which it is associated.

Deposits: The fair values disclosed for demand deposits are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e. their carrying amount), resulting in a Level 1 classification. Fair values for time deposits are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits, resulting in a Level 2 classification.

FHLB and other borrowings: The fair values of the Corporation’s FHLB and other borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Subordinated debentures: The fair value of the Corporation’s subordinated debentures are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of arrangements, resulting in a Level 3 classification.

Accrued interest payable: The carrying amount of accrued interest payable approximates fair value resulting in a classification that is consistent with the liability with which it is associated.

While estimates of fair value are based on management’s judgment of the most appropriate factors as of the balance sheet date, there is no assurance that the estimated fair values would have been realized if the assets had been disposed of or the liabilities settled at that date, since market values may differ depending on various circumstances. The estimated fair values would also not apply to subsequent dates.

In addition, other assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments, such as premises and equipment, are not included in the disclosures. Also, non-financial assets such as, among other things, the estimated earnings power of core deposits, the earnings potential of trust accounts, the trained workforce, and customer goodwill, which typically are not recognized on the balance sheet, may have value but are not included in the fair value disclosures.