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Fair Value | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value | Fair Value Fair Value Measurement Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The following three levels of inputs are used to measure fair value: Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date. Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The Corporation used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value: Investment Securities: The fair values for investment securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2), using matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique commonly used to price debt securities that are not actively traded, values debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3). Loans Held for Sale: Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, which is evaluated on a loan-level basis. The fair value of loans held for sale is determined using quoted prices for similar assets, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan or other observable market data, such as outstanding commitments from third party investors (Level 2). Derivatives: The fair values of derivatives are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2). The Corporation's derivatives are traded in an over-the-counter market where quoted market prices are not always available. Therefore, the fair values of derivatives are determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple market inputs. The inputs will vary based on the type of derivative, but could include interest rates, prices, and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, prepayment rates, and volatility factors to value the position. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions, and third-party pricing services. Individually Evaluated Loans: The fair value of individually evaluated loans with specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses is generally based on recent real estate appraisals prepared by third-parties. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Management also adjusts appraised values based on the length of time that has passed since the appraisal date and other factors. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower's financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management's historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management's expertise and knowledge of the client and client's business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Individually evaluated loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted in accordance with the allowance policy. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows at December 31, 2024 and 2023:
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Using
Description | Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Available-For-Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government sponsored entities | $ | 14,810 |  |  | $ | 14,810 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
States and political subdivisions | 90,956 |  |  | — |  |  | 90,956 |  |  | — |
Residential and multi-family mortgage | 318,910 |  |  | — |  |  | 318,910 |  |  | — |
Corporate notes and bonds | 35,210 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,210 |  |  | — |
Pooled SBA | 8,660 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,660 |  |  | — |
Total Securities Available-For-Sale | $ | 468,546 |  |  | $ | 14,810 |  |  | $ | 453,736 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | — |
Equity Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate equity securities | $ | 6,542 |  |  | $ | 6,542 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Mutual funds | 1,936 |  |  | 1,936 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Money market | 287 |  |  | 287 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Corporate notes | 1,691 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,691 |  |  | — |
Total Equity Securities | $ | 10,456 |  |  | $ | 8,765 |  |  | $ | 1,691 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | (423) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (423) |  |  | $ | — |
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023 Using
Description | Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Available-For-Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government sponsored entities (1) | $ | 4,988 |  |  | $ | 4,988 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
States and political subdivisions | 91,809 |  |  | — |  |  | 91,809 |  |  | — |
Residential and multi-family mortgage | 191,519 |  |  | — |  |  | 191,519 |  |  | — |
Corporate notes and bonds | 43,139 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,139 |  |  | — |
Pooled SBA | 10,500 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,500 |  |  | — |
Total Securities Available-For-Sale | $ | 341,955 |  |  | $ | 4,988 |  |  | $ | 336,967 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 1,013 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,013 |  |  | $ | — |
Equity Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate equity securities | $ | 5,341 |  |  | $ | 5,341 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Mutual funds | 2,223 |  |  | 2,223 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Money market | 1,103 |  |  | 1,103 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Corporate notes | 634 |  |  |  |  | 634 |  |  | — |
Total Equity Securities | $ | 9,301 |  |  | $ | 8,667 |  |  | $ | 634 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | (1,013) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,013) |  |  | $ | — |
(1) In 2023, the Corporation transitioned to a new pricing provider, leading to the reclassification of United States Treasury investments as Level 1 pricing instruments. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are as follows at December 31, 2024 and 2023:
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Using
Description | Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral-dependent loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Farmland | $ | 352 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 352 |
Owner-occupied, nonfarm nonresidential properties | 2,531 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,531 |
Commercial and industrial | 2,334 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,334 |
Other construction loans and all land development loans and other land loans | 1,196 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,196 |
Multifamily (5 or more) residential properties | 19,773 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,773 |
Non-owner occupied, nonfarm nonresidential | 5,225 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,225 |
Home equity lines of credit | 290 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 290 |
Residential mortgages secured by first liens | 1,173 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,173 |
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023 Using
Description | Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral-dependent loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Farmland | $ | 736 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 736 |
Owner-occupied, nonfarm nonresidential properties | 5,589 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,589 |
Commercial and industrial | 7,425 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,425 |
Other construction loans and all land development loans and other land loans | 1,299 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,299 |
Multifamily (5 or more) residential properties | 305 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 305 |
Non-owner occupied, nonfarm nonresidential | 7,216 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,216 |
Home equity lines of credit | 308 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 308 |
Residential mortgages secured by first liens | 871 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 871 |
A loan is considered to be a collateral dependent loan when, based on current information and events, the Corporation expects repayment of the financial assets to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the Corporation has determined that the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty as of the measurement date. The allowance for credit losses is measured by estimating the fair value of the loan based on the present value of expected cash flows, the market price of the loan, or the underlying fair value of the loan’s collateral. For real estate loans, fair value of the loan’s collateral is determined by third-party appraisals, which are then adjusted for the estimated selling and closing costs related to liquidation of the collateral. For this asset class, the actual valuation methods (income, sales comparable, or cost) vary based on the status of the project or property. For example, land is generally based on the sales comparable method while construction is based on the income and/or sales comparable methods. The unobservable inputs may vary depending on the individual assets with no one of the three methods being the predominant approach. The Corporation reviews the third-party appraisal for appropriateness and may adjust the value downward to consider selling and closing costs. For non-real estate loans, fair value of the loan’s collateral may be determined using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2024:
| Fair value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range (Weighted Average)
Collateral-dependent loans receivable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Farmland | $ | 352 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 37% (37%)
Owner-occupied, nonfarm nonresidential properties | 2,531 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 22%-44% (25%)
Commercial and industrial | 2,334 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 9%-100% (31%)
Other construction loans and all land development loans and other land loans | 1,196 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 38% (38%)
Multifamily (5 or more) residential properties | 19,773 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 10% (10%)
Non-owner occupied, nonfarm nonresidential | 5,225 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 51% (51%)
Home equity lines of credit | 290 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 25%-29% (28%)
Residential mortgages secured by first liens | 1,173 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 22%-51% (34%)
The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2023:
| Fair value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range (Weighted Average)
Collateral-dependent loans receivable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Farmland | $ | 736 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 29%-31% (30%)
Owner-occupied, nonfarm nonresidential properties | 5,589 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 9%-100% (14%)
Commercial and industrial | 7,425 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 8%-75% (31%)
Other construction loans and all land development loans and other land loans | 1,299 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 32% (32%)
Multifamily (5 or more) residential properties | 305 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 28% (28%)
Non-owner occupied, nonfarm nonresidential | 7,216 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 32%-48% (43%)
Home equity lines of credit | 308 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 15%-17% (15%)
Residential mortgages secured by first liens | 871 |  |  | Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral |  | Loss severity rates |  | 17%-42% (31%)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments The following table presents the carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments at December 31, 2024:
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value Measurement Using: |  | Total Fair Value
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 443,035 |  |  | $ | 443,035 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 443,035 |
Debt securities available-for-sale | 468,546 |  |  | 14,810 |  |  | 453,736 |  |  | — |  |  | 468,546 |
Debt securities held-to-maturity | 306,081 |  |  | 71,323 |  |  | 211,647 |  |  | — |  |  | 282,970 |
Equity securities | 10,456 |  |  | 8,765 |  |  | 1,691 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,456 |
Loans held for sale | 762 |  |  | — |  |  | 766 |  |  | — |  |  | 766 |
Net loans receivable | 4,561,599 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,495,097 |  |  | 4,495,097 |
FHLB and other restricted stock holdings and investments | 40,702 |  |  | n/a |  | n/a |  | n/a |  | n/a
Interest rate swaps | 423 |  |  | — |  |  | 423 |  |  | — |  |  | 423 |
Accrued interest receivable | 24,739 |  |  | 385 |  |  | 2,766 |  |  | 21,588 |  |  | 24,739 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | (5,371,364) |  |  | $ | (4,648,504) |  |  | $ | (718,328) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (5,366,832) |
Subordinated debentures | (105,190) |  |  | — |  |  | (124,515) |  |  | — |  |  | (124,515) |
Interest rate swaps | (423) |  |  | — |  |  | (423) |  |  | — |  |  | (423) |
Accrued interest payable | (7,152) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,152) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,152) |
The following table presents the carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments at December 31, 2023:
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value Measurement Using: |  | Total Fair Value
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 222,046 |  |  | $ | 222,046 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 222,046 |
Debt securities available-for-sale (1) | 341,955 |  |  | 4,988 |  |  | 336,967 |  |  | — |  |  | 341,955 |
Debt securities held-to-maturity (1) | 388,968 |  |  | 104,141 |  |  | 256,429 |  |  | — |  |  | 360,570 |
Equity securities | 9,301 |  |  | 8,667 |  |  | 634 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,301 |
Loans held for sale | 675 |  |  | — |  |  | 677 |  |  | — |  |  | 677 |
Net loans | 4,422,644 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,323,476 |  |  | 4,323,476 |
FHLB and other restricted stock holdings and investments | 30,011 |  |  | n/a |  | n/a |  | n/a |  | n/a
Interest rate swaps | 1,013 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,013 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,013 |
Accrued interest receivable | 24,318 |  |  | 410 |  |  | 2,319 |  |  | 21,589 |  |  | 24,318 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | (4,998,750) |  |  | $ | (4,492,256) |  |  | $ | (508,181) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (5,000,437) |
Subordinated debentures | (104,887) |  |  | — |  |  | (134,298) |  |  | — |  |  | (134,298) |
Interest rate swaps | (1,013) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,013) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,013) |
Accrued interest payable | (3,550) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,550) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,550) |
(1) In 2023, the Corporation transitioned to a new pricing provider, leading to the reclassification of United States Treasury investments as Level 1 pricing instruments. While estimates of fair value are based on management’s judgment of the most appropriate factors as of the balance sheet dates, there is no assurance that the estimated fair values would have been realized if the assets had been disposed of or the liabilities settled at that date, since market values may differ depending on various circumstances. The estimated fair values would also not apply to subsequent dates. The fair value of other equity interests is based on the net asset values provided by the underlying investment partnership. ASU 2015-7 removes the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient and related disclosures. In addition, other assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments, such as premises and equipment, are not included in the disclosures. Also, non-financial assets such as, among other things, the estimated earnings power of core deposits, the earnings potential of trust accounts, the trained workforce, and customer goodwill, which typically are not recognized on the balance sheet, may have value but are not included in the fair value disclosures.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 107 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 100 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(3) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2E -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (g) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 940 -SubTopic 820 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1 + Details
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