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FAIR VALUE
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUE FAIR VALUE
Fair Value Measurement

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

The following three levels of inputs are used to measure fair value:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Corporation used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value:

Investment Securities: The fair values for investment securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2), using matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique commonly used to price debt securities that are not actively traded, values debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3).

Loans Held for Sale: Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, which is evaluated on a loan-level basis. The fair value of loans held for sale is determined using quoted prices for similar assets, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan or other observable market data, such as outstanding commitments from third party investors (Level 2).

Derivatives: The fair values of derivatives are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2). The Corporation's derivatives are traded in an over-the-counter market where quoted market prices are not always available. Therefore, the fair values of derivatives are determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple market inputs. The inputs will vary based on the type of derivative, but could include interest rates, prices, and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, prepayment rates, and volatility factors to value the position. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions, and third-party pricing services.

Individually Evaluated Loans: The fair value of individually evaluated loans with specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses is generally based on recent real estate appraisals prepared by third-parties. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Management also adjusts appraised values based on the length of time that has passed since the appraisal date and other factors. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower's financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management's historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management's expertise and knowledge of the client and client's business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Individually evaluated loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted in accordance with the allowance policy.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

  Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2025 Using:
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant Other Observable InputsSignificant Unobservable Inputs
DescriptionTotal(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)
Assets:
Securities Available-For-Sale:
U.S. Government sponsored entities$9,651 $9,651 $— $— 
States and political subdivisions92,285 — 92,285 — 
Residential and multi-family mortgage370,876 — 370,876 — 
Corporate notes and bonds35,124 — 35,124 — 
Pooled SBA8,506 — 8,506 — 
Total Securities Available-For-Sale$516,442 $9,651 $506,791 $— 
Interest Rate swaps$826 $— $826 $— 
Equity Securities:
Corporate equity securities$6,175 $6,175 $— $— 
Mutual funds1,935 1,935 — — 
Money market funds477 477 — — 
Corporate notes1,706 — 1,706 — 
Total Equity Securities$10,293 $8,587 $1,706 $— 
Liabilities:
Interest Rate Swaps$(826)$— $(826)$— 

  Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Using:
  Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant Other Observable InputsSignificant Unobservable Inputs
DescriptionTotal(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)
Assets:
Securities Available-For-Sale:
U.S. Government sponsored entities$14,810 $14,810 $— $— 
States and political subdivisions90,956 — 90,956 — 
Residential and multi-family mortgage318,910 — 318,910 — 
Corporate notes and bonds35,210 — 35,210 — 
Pooled SBA8,660 — 8,660 — 
Total Securities Available-For-Sale$468,546 $14,810 $453,736 $— 
Interest Rate swaps$423 $— $423 $— 
Equity Securities:
Corporate equity securities$6,542 $6,542 $— $— 
Mutual funds1,936 1,936 — — 
Money market funds287 287 — — 
Corporate notes1,691 — 1,691 — 
Total Equity Securities$10,456 $8,765 $1,691 $— 
Liabilities:
Interest Rate Swaps$(423)$— $(423)$— 
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are as follows at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

  Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2025 Using
DescriptionTotalQuoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Collateral-dependent loans receivable:
Farmland$352 $— $— $352 
Owner-occupied, nonfarm nonresidential properties2,505 — — 2,505 
Commercial and industrial2,285 — — 2,285 
Other construction loans and all land development loans and other land loans1,174 — — 1,174 
Multifamily (5 or more) residential properties19,648 — — 19,648 
Non-owner occupied, nonfarm nonresidential5,225 — — 5,225 
Home equity lines of credit290 — — 290 
Residential Mortgages secured by first liens1,134 — — 1,134 

  Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Using
DescriptionTotalQuoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Collateral-dependent loans receivable:
Farmland$352 $— $— $352 
Owner-occupied, nonfarm nonresidential properties2,531 — — 2,531 
Commercial and industrial2,334 — — 2,334 
Other construction loans and all land development loans and other land loans1,196 — — 1,196 
Multifamily (5 or more) residential properties19,773 — — 19,773 
Non-owner occupied, nonfarm nonresidential5,225 — — 5,225 
Home equity lines of credit290 — — 290 
Residential mortgages secured by first liens1,173 — — 1,173 

A loan is considered to be a collateral dependent loan when, based on current information and events, the Corporation expects repayment of the financial assets to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the Corporation has determined that the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty as of the measurement date. The allowance for credit losses is measured by estimating the fair value of the loan based on the present value of expected cash flows, the market price of the loan, or the underlying fair value of the loan’s collateral. For real estate loans, fair value of the loan’s collateral is determined by third-party appraisals, which are then adjusted for the estimated selling and closing costs related to liquidation of the collateral. For this asset class, the actual valuation methods (income, sales comparable, or cost) vary based on the status of the project or property. For example, land is generally based on the sales comparable method while construction is based on the income and/or sales comparable methods. The unobservable inputs may vary depending on the individual assets with no one of the three methods being the predominant approach. The Corporation reviews the third-party appraisal for appropriateness and may adjust the value downward to consider selling and closing costs. For non-real estate loans, fair value of the loan’s collateral may be determined using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business.
The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2025:
Fair
value		Valuation
Technique		Unobservable InputsRange
(Weighted
Average)
Collateral-dependent loans receivable:
Farmland$352 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
39% (39%)
Owner-occupied, nonfarm nonresidential properties2,505 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
22%-46% (26%)
Commercial and industrial2,285 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
10%-100% (27%)
Other construction loans and all land development loans and other land loans1,174 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
40% (40%)
Multifamily (5 or more) residential properties19,648 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
10%-38% (10%)
Non-owner occupied, nonfarm nonresidential5,225 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
52% (52%)
Home equity lines of credit290 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
27%-38% (36%)
Residential Mortgages secured by first liens1,134 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
22%-54% (36%)

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2024:
Fair
value		Valuation
Technique		Unobservable InputsRange
(Weighted
Average)
Collateral-dependent loans receivable:
Farmland$352 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
37% (37%)
Owner-occupied, nonfarm nonresidential properties2,531 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
22%-44% (25%)
Commercial and industrial2,334 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
9%-100% (31%)
Other construction loans and all land development loans and other land loans1,196 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
38% (38%)
Multifamily (5 or more) residential properties19,773 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
10% (10%)
Non-owner occupied, nonfarm nonresidential5,225 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
51% (51%)
Home equity lines of credit290 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
25%-29% (28%)
Residential mortgages secured by first liens1,173 Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateralLoss severity rates
22%-51% (34%)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments at March 31, 2025:
 CarryingFair Value Measurement Using:Total
 AmountLevel 1Level 2Level 3Fair Value
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents$520,157 $520,157 $— $— $520,157 
Debt securities available-for-sale516,442 9,651 506,791 — 516,442 
Debt securities held-to-maturity282,159 62,108 201,286 — 263,394 
Equity securities10,293 8,587 1,706 — 10,293 
Loans held for sale860 — 883 — 883 
Net loans receivable4,562,652 — — 4,497,942 4,497,942 
FHLB and other restricted stock holdings and investments41,844 n/an/an/an/a
Interest rate swaps826 — 826 — 826 
Accrued interest receivable24,515 266 3,000 21,249 24,515 
LIABILITIES
Deposits$(5,460,078)$(4,722,476)$(734,359)$— $(5,456,835)
Subordinated notes and debentures(105,266)— (123,648)— (123,648)
Interest rate swaps(826)— (826)— (826)
Accrued interest payable(7,318)— (7,318)— (7,318)

The following table presents the carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments at December 31, 2024:
 CarryingFair Value Measurement Using:Total
 AmountLevel 1Level 2Level 3Fair Value
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents$443,035 $443,035 $— $— $443,035 
Debt securities available-for-sale468,546 14,810 453,736 — 468,546 
Debt securities held-to-maturity306,081 71,323 211,647 — 282,970 
Equity securities10,456 8,765 1,691 — 10,456 
Loans held for sale762 — 766 — 766 
Net loans receivable4,561,599 — — 4,495,097 4,495,097 
FHLB and other restricted stock holdings and investments40,702 n/an/an/an/a
Interest rate swaps423 — 423 — 423 
Accrued interest receivable24,739 385 2,766 21,588 24,739 
LIABILITIES
Deposits$(5,371,364)$(4,648,504)$(718,328)$— $(5,366,832)
Subordinated notes and debentures(105,190)— (124,515)— (124,515)
Interest rate swaps(423)— (423)— (423)
Accrued interest payable(7,152)— (7,152)— (7,152)

While estimates of fair value are based on management’s judgment of the most appropriate factors as of the balance sheet dates, there is no assurance that the estimated fair values would have been realized if the assets had been disposed of or the liabilities settled at that date, since market values may differ depending on various circumstances. The estimated fair values would also not apply to subsequent dates. The fair value of other equity interests is based on the net asset values provided by the underlying investment partnership. ASU 2015-7 removes the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient and related disclosures. In addition, other assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments, such as premises and equipment, are not included in the disclosures.

Also, non-financial assets such as, among other things, the estimated earnings power of core deposits, the earnings potential of trust accounts, the trained workforce, and customer goodwill, which typically are not recognized on the balance sheet, may have value but are not included in the fair value disclosures.