<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001437749-23-010452.txt : 20230417
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230417170331
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001437749-23-010452
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		15
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20230417
ITEM INFORMATION:		Results of Operations and Financial Condition
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230417
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230417

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001287213
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY & EQUIP [3531]
		IRS NUMBER:				134275891
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-34728
		FILM NUMBER:		23824636

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		11270 W. PARK PLACE SUITE 300
		CITY:			MILWAUKEE
		STATE:			WI
		ZIP:			53224
		BUSINESS PHONE:		414-362-3940

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		11270 W. PARK PLACE SUITE 300
		CITY:			MILWAUKEE
		STATE:			WI
		ZIP:			53224

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	DOUGLAS DYNAMICS HOLDINGS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20040415
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<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">UNITED STATES</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Washington, D.C. 20549</div>

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<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">CURRENT REPORT</div>

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<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)</div>

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<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</div>

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<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</div>

<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d20238K" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:WrittenCommunications">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric>&#xa0;Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</div>

<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d20238K" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric> Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</div>

<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;text-indent:-18pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d20238K" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric> Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</div>

<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;text-indent:-18pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d20238K" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric> Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</div>

<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</div>

<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Emerging growth company <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="d20238K" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></div>

<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

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<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&#xa0;</div>
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<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&#xa0;</div>

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		<tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;">
			<td style="width: 72pt;">
			<div style="margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Item 2.02</span>.</div>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<div style="margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Results of Operations and Financial Condition</span>.</div>
			</td>
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</tbody></table>

<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">On April 17, 2023, Douglas Dynamics, Inc. issued a press release providing preliminary financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 and revised guidance for the full year ending December 31, 2023. A copy of the press release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1. The information in this Item 2.02 and the exhibit hereto are furnished to, but not filed with, the Securities and Exchange Commission.</div>

<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

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			<div style="margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Item 9.01</span>.</div>
			</td>
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			<div style="margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Financial Statements and Exhibits</span>.</div>
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<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">(a)&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;Not applicable.</div>

<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">(b)&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;Not applicable.</div>

<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">(c)&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;Not applicable.</div>

<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;">(d)&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exhibits</span>. The following exhibit is being furnished herewith:</div>

<div style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&#xa0;</div>

<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 144pt;text-indent:-36pt;">(99.1)&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0; <a href="ex_500610.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Press release dated April 17, 2023</a>.</div>

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<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">SIGNATURES</span></b></div>

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<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;text-indent:72pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</div>

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			<div style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;"><b>DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.</b></div>
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			<div style="margin: 0px 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, Times, serif;">Date: April 17, 2023&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;</div>
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<TYPE>EX-99.1
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<FILENAME>ex_500610.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
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<p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit 99.1</b></font></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Douglas Dynamics, Inc. </b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">11270 W Park Place</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Suite 300</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Milwaukee, WI 53224</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Douglas Dynamics Reports Preliminary First Quarter 2023 Results and Updates 2023 Guidance</b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i>Also Announces Earnings Call Date of May 2</i><i><sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:pt">nd</sup></i><i>, 2023</i></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b>Milwaukee, WI </b>&#8211;<b> April 17, 2023</b> &#8211; Douglas Dynamics, Inc. (NYSE: PLOW), North America's premier manufacturer and upfitter of work truck&nbsp;attachments and equipment, today announced preliminary results for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, and updated its 2023 financial outlook.</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b><u>Preliminary Consolidated First Quarter 2023 Results </u></b></p>

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			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><b>$ in millions</b></p>

			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt; text-indent: -9pt;"><i>(except EPS)</i></p>
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			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;">Net Sales</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$82.5</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$102.6</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$(13.1)</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$(3.9)</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$(0.58)</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$(0.18)</p>
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			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;">Adjusted EBITDA</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$(7.4)</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$4.6</p>
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			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;">Adjusted Net Loss</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$(12.5)</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$(2.3)</p>
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			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;">Adjusted Diluted EPS</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$(0.55)</p>
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			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">$(0.11)</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#8220;Snowfall this winter was well below the 10-year average, and the location and timing of snow and ice events missed some of our most important markets,&#8221; noted Bob McCormick, President and CEO. &#8220;As we&#8217;ve said historically, where and when it snows is almost as important as how much it snows, and while cities out West were inundated with snow, almost all our core markets on the East Coast saw the lowest snowfall season in decades. This negatively impacted reorder patterns and resulted in our first quarter performance coming in well below our initial expectations. In addition, our pre-season orders will likely be lower, as dealers respond to season ending elevated inventory levels.&#8221;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">McCormick continued, &#8220;Our business model is designed to adjust and manage through temporary weather driven challenges. We have implemented our low snowfall playbook, pulling cost cutting levers and continuing to focus&nbsp;on margin enhancement initiatives to&nbsp;help mitigate&nbsp;the negative impact of low snowfall as much as possible. Rest assured, the medium to long-term outlook for our Attachments business remains strong, as we continue to protect and grow our industry leading market share.&#8221;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b><u>Updated 2023 Outlook</u></b></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">&#8220;Given the lowest snowfall season in decades for our core East Coast markets, we are lowering the top end of our guidance to account for the lower first quarter volumes and anticipated impact on pre-season demand,&#8221; explained Sarah Lauber, Executive Vice President and CFO. &#8220;The Solutions segment remains on track to show continued margin improvement in 2023 versus a year ago. As we look at the rest of the year, we are confident in our ability to manage through the temporary impacts of low snowfall, while focusing and delivering on our profit improvement initiatives that are within our control. This one snow season does not change our commitment to reach our stated target of $3.00 of earnings per share by 2025.&#8221;<b><i> </i></b></p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Updated 2023 financial outlook:</p>

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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">Adjusted EBITDA is predicted to range from $85 million to $100 million.</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">Adjusted Earnings Per Share are expected to be in the range of $1.55 per share to $2.00 per share.</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">The effective tax rate is expected to be approximately 24% to 25%.</p>
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			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">&#9679;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="width: auto;">
			<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify;">The outlook assumes relatively stable economic conditions, slightly improving supply of chassis and components, and that the Company&#8217;s core markets will experience average snowfall levels in the fourth quarter of 2023.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">With respect to the Company&#8217;s 2023 guidance, the Company is not able to provide a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP because it does not provide specific guidance for the various extraordinary, nonrecurring, or unusual charges and other certain items. These items have not yet occurred, are out of the Company&#8217;s control and/or cannot be reasonably predicted. As a result, reconciliation of the non-GAAP guidance measures to GAAP is not available without unreasonable effort and the Company is unable to address the probable significance of the unavailable information.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b><u>Earnings Release &amp; Conference Call Information</u></b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">The Company plans to issue a full first quarter 2023 earnings release after market close on Monday, May 1, 2023. A conference call to discuss the results will follow on Tuesday, May 2, 2023 at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time (9:00 a.m. Central Time). To join the conference call, please dial 1-833-634-5024 domestically, or 1-412-902-4205 internationally. The call will also be available via the Investor Relations section of the Company&#8217;s website at www.douglasdynamics.com. For those who cannot listen to the live broadcast, replays will be available for one week following the call.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b><u>About Douglas Dynamics</u></b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Home to the most trusted brands in the industry, Douglas Dynamics is North America&#8217;s premier manufacturer and up-fitter of commercial work truck attachments and equipment. For more than 75 years, the Company has been innovating products that not only enable people to perform their jobs more efficiently and effectively, but also enable businesses to increase profitability. Through its proprietary Douglas Dynamics Management System (DDMS), the Company is committed to continuous improvement aimed at consistently producing the highest quality products, at industry-leading levels of service and delivery that ultimately drive shareholder value. The Douglas Dynamics portfolio of products and services is separated into two segments: First, the Work Truck Attachments segment, which includes commercial snow and ice control equipment sold under the FISHER&#174;, SNOWEX&#174; and WESTERN&#174; brands. Second, the Work Truck Solutions segment, which includes the up-fit of market leading attachments and storage solutions under the HENDERSON&#174; brand, and the DEJANA&#174; brand and its related sub-brands.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b><u>Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures </u></b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">This press release contains financial information calculated other than in accordance with&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (&#8220;GAAP&#8221;).&nbsp; The non-GAAP measures used in this press release are Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Share, The Company believes that these non-GAAP measures are useful to investors and other external users of its consolidated financial statements in evaluating the Company&#8217;s operating performance as compared to that of other companies. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the nearest comparable GAAP measures can be found at the end of this press release.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Adjusted EBITDA represents net income before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, as further adjusted for certain charges consisting of unrelated legal and consulting fees, stock-based compensation, severance, restructuring charges, impairment charges, loss on extinguishment of debt, and incremental costs incurred related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Such COVID-19 related costs include increased expenses directly related to the pandemic, and do not include either production related overhead inefficiencies or lost or deferred sales. We believe these costs are out of the ordinary, unrelated to our business and not representative of our results. The Company uses Adjusted EBITDA in evaluating the Company&#8217;s operating performance because it provides the Company and its investors with additional tools to compare its operating performance on a consistent basis by removing the impact of certain items that management believes do not directly reflect the Company&#8217;s core operations. The Company&#8217;s management also uses Adjusted EBITDA for planning purposes, including the preparation of its annual operating budget and financial projections, and to evaluate the Company&#8217;s ability to make certain payments, including dividends, in compliance with its senior credit facilities, which is determined based on a calculation of &#8220;Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA&#8221; that is substantially similar to Adjusted EBITDA.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Share (calculated on a diluted basis) represents net income and earnings per share (as defined by GAAP), excluding the impact of stock based compensation, severance, restructuring charges, impairment charges, loss on extinguishment of debt, certain charges related to unrelated legal fees and consulting fees, incremental costs incurred related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and adjustments on derivatives not classified as hedges, net of their income tax impact. Such COVID-19 related costs include increased expenses directly related to the pandemic, and do not include either production related overhead inefficiencies or lost or deferred sales. We believe these costs are out of the ordinary, unrelated to our business and not representative of our results. Adjustments on derivatives not classified as hedges are non-cash and are related to overall financial market conditions; therefore, management believes such costs are unrelated to our business and are not representative of our results.&nbsp; Management believes that Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Share are useful in assessing the Company&#8217;s financial performance by eliminating expenses and income that are not reflective of the underlying business performance.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b><u>Forward Looking Statements </u></b></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">This press release contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements include information relating to future events, future financial performance, strategies, expectations, competitive environment, regulation, product demand, the payment of dividends, and availability of financial resources.&nbsp; These statements are often identified by use of words such as "anticipate," "believe," "intend," "estimate," "expect," "continue," "should," "could," "may," "plan," "project," "predict," "will" and similar expressions and include references to assumptions and relate to our future prospects, developments, and business strategies.&nbsp; Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, weather conditions, particularly lack of or reduced levels of snowfall and the timing of such snowfall, our ability to manage general economic, business and geopolitical conditions, including the impacts of natural disasters, pandemics and outbreaks of contagious diseases and other adverse public health developments, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, our inability to maintain good relationships with our distributors, our inability to maintain good relationships with the original equipment manufacturers with whom we currently do significant business, lack of available or favorable financing options for our end-users, distributors or customers, increases in the price of steel or other materials, including as a result of tariffs, necessary for the production of our products that cannot be passed on to our distributors, increases in the price of fuel or freight, a significant decline in economic conditions, the inability of our suppliers and original equipment manufacturer partners to meet our volume or quality requirements, inaccuracies in our estimates of future demand for our products, our inability to protect or continue to build our intellectual property portfolio, the effects of laws and regulations and their interpretations on our business and financial condition, our inability to develop new products or improve upon existing products in response to end-user needs, losses due to lawsuits arising out of personal injuries associated with our products, factors that could impact the future declaration and payment of dividends, our inability to compete effectively against competition, our inability to achieve the projected financial performance with the assets of&nbsp;Dejana Truck &amp;&nbsp;Utility Equipment Company, Inc., which we acquired in 2016, and unexpected costs or liabilities related to such acquisitions or any future acquisitions, as well as those discussed in the section entitled &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended&nbsp;December 31, 2022. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.&nbsp; In addition, the forward-looking statements in this release speak only as of the date hereof and we undertake no obligation, except as required by law, to update or release any revisions to any forward-looking statement, even if new information becomes available in the future.</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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		<tr>
			<td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:98.7%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Douglas Dynamics, Inc.</b></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:28.6%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Preliminary Net Loss to Adjusted EBITDA reconciliation (unaudited)</b></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:28.6%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>(In thousands)</b></p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="margin: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="finTable" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.D3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td colspan="6" id=".amt.D3" style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><b>Three month period ended March 31,</b></b></p>
			</td>
			<td id=".trail.D3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.D2" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td colspan="2" id=".amt.D2" style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><b>2023</b></b></p>
			</td>
			<td id=".trail.D2" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.D3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td colspan="2" id=".amt.D3" style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><b>2022</b></b></p>
			</td>
			<td id=".trail.D3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B3">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; width: 70%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b>Net loss</b></p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">$</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">(13,110</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">$</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">(3,908</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B3">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 9pt;">Interest expense - net</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">2,864</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">2,113</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 9pt;">Income tax benefit</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">(3,516</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">(1,017</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 9pt;">Depreciation expense</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">2,727</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">2,559</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 9pt;">Intangibles amortization</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: right;">2,630</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1px; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: right;">2,630</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1px; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b>EBITDA</b></p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">(8,405</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">2,377</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B3">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 9pt;">Stock-based compensation</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">957</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">1,900</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 9pt;">Other charges (1)</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">74</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">359</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b>Adjusted EBITDA</b></p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: right;">(7,374</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3px;">)</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: right;">4,636</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="margin: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;">

		<tr>
			<td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:98.7%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;Reflects unrelated legal, severance, restructuring, consulting fees, and incremental costs incurred related to the COVID-19 pandemic for the periods presented.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<div class="PGBK" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt">
<div class="PGFTR" style="text-align: center; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell PGNUM">&nbsp;</div>
</div>
</div>

<hr style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always; border: none; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000">
<div class="PGHDR" style="text-align: left; width: 100%">
<div class="hf-row">
<div class="hf-cell TOCLink">&nbsp;</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;">

		<tr>
			<td colspan="6" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:98.8%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Douglas Dynamics, Inc.</b></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="6" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:24.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Preliminary Reconciliation of Net Loss to Adjusted Net Loss (unaudited)</b></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="6" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:24.1%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>(In thousands, except share and per share data)</b></p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="margin: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="finTable" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times New Roman; text-indent: 0px;">

		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.D3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td colspan="6" id=".amt.D3" style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><b>Three month period ended March 31,</b></b></p>
			</td>
			<td id=".trail.D3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.D2" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td colspan="2" id=".amt.D2" style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><b>2023</b></b></p>
			</td>
			<td id=".trail.D2" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.D3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td colspan="2" id=".amt.D3" style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><b>2022</b></b></p>
			</td>
			<td id=".trail.D3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom;">
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B3">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; width: 70%;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b>Net loss</b></p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">$</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">(13,110</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">$</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">(3,908</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">Adjustments:</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.B2" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B2" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B2" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B2" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 9pt;">Stock based compensation</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">957</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">1,900</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 9pt;">Adjustments on derivative not classified as hedge (1)</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">(172</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">(172</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 9pt;">Other charges (2)</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">74</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">359</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">Tax effect on adjustments</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: right;">(215</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 1px;">)</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: right;">(522</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 1px;">)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b>Adjusted net loss</b></p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: right;">(12,466</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3px;">)</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: right;">(2,343</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3px;">)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B3">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">Weighted average basic common shares outstanding</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">22,906,845</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">22,982,538</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">Weighted average common shares outstanding assuming dilution</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">22,906,845</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">22,982,538</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B3">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">Adjusted loss per common share - dilutive</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">$</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">(0.55</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">$</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">(0.11</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B3">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b>GAAP diluted loss per share</b></p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">$</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">(0.58</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">$</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">(0.18</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;">Adjustments net of income taxes:</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.B2" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B2" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B2" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B2" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B3" style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B2">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B3">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B3">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 9pt;">Stock based compensation</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">0.03</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">0.06</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 9pt;">Adjustments on derivative not classified as hedge (1)</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">-</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">-</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 9pt;">Other charges (2)</p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">-</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right;">0.01</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B2" style="padding-bottom: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B2" style="padding-bottom: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".lead.B3" style="padding-bottom: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.B3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".amt.B3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".trail.B3" style="padding-bottom: 1px;">&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
			<td style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">
			<p style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b>Adjusted diluted loss per share</b></p>
			</td>
			<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</td>
			<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: right;">(0.55</td>
			<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3px;">)</td>
			<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt;">&nbsp;</td>
			<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</td>
			<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: right;">(0.11</td>
			<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3px;">)</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="margin: 0pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;</p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;">

		<tr>
			<td colspan="6" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:98.8%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;Reflects non-cash mark-to-market and amortization adjustments on an interest rate swap not classified as a hedge for the periods presented.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="6" style="vertical-align:bottom;width:98.8%;">
			<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;Reflects unrelated legal, severance, restructuring, consulting fees, and incremental costs incurred related to the COVID-19 pandemic for the periods presented.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>

</table>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><b>CONTACT </b></p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Nathan Elwell</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Vice President of Investor Relations</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Douglas Dynamics, Inc.</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">847-530-0249</p>

<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;"><u>investorrelations@douglasdynamics.com</u></p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">&nbsp;</p>

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<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE
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<XBRL>
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<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="locator"/>
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<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:definitionArc order="0" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:to="dei_EntityDomain" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="1" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:to="dei_EntityDomain-default" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:definitionArc order="0" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:to="dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:type="arc"/>


<link:definitionArc order="0" xbrldt:closed="true" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="1" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="2" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="3" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="4" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="5" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="6" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="7" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="8" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="9" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="10" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="11" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="12" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="13" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="14" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="15" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="16" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="17" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="18" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="19" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="20" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="21" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:definitionArc order="22" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="arc"/>

</link:definitionLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>plow-20230417_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
<!--Generated by ThunderDome Portal - 4/13/2023 6:52:10 PM-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedLabel" xlink:type="simple"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodEndLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodEndLabel" xlink:type="simple"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel" xlink:type="simple"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTotalLabel" xlink:type="simple"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel" xlink:type="simple"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedNetLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedNetLabel" xlink:type="simple"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel" xlink:type="simple"/>
<link:labelLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:type="extended">
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityDomain" xlink:label="dei_EntityDomain" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityDomain-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity [Domain]</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityDomain" xlink:to="dei_EntityDomain-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:label="dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_LegalEntityAxis-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Legal Entity [Axis]</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:to="dei_LegalEntityAxis-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Information [Line Items]</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document Information [Table]</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationTable-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_DocumentType-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document, Type</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Document, Period End Date</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity, Registrant Name</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity, Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity, File Number</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity, Tax Identification Number</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity, Address, Address Line One</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity, Address, City or Town</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity, Address, State or Province</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity, Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
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<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity, Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
<link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag-label" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:label xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey-label" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:type="resource" xml:lang="en-US">Entity, Central Index Key</link:label>
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</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>plow-20230417_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:type="locator"/>
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<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="locator"/>
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<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="locator"/>
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<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator"/>
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<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="locator"/>
<link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="locator"/>
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<link:presentationArc order="0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:to="dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:type="arc"/>

<link:presentationArc order="1" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:type="arc"/>
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<link:presentationArc order="3" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="arc"/>
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<link:presentationArc order="6" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="arc"/>
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<link:presentationArc order="8" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:presentationArc order="9" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:presentationArc order="10" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:presentationArc order="11" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:presentationArc order="12" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="arc"/>
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<link:presentationArc order="17" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="arc"/>
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<link:presentationArc order="19" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:presentationArc order="20" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="arc"/>
<link:presentationArc order="21" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xbrldt:closed="true" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="arc"/>

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<TYPE>XML
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<head>
<title></title>
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140509770139776">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document And Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 17, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity, Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document, Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document, Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Apr. 17,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity, Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity, File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-34728<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity, Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">13-4275891<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity, Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">11270 W Park Place Ste 300<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity, Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Milwaukee<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity, Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">WI<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity, Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">53224<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">414<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">354-2310<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">PLOW<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity, Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity, Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001287213<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<tr>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
