CEMETERY PERPETUAL CARE TRUST INVESTMENTS

Care trusts’ corpus on our Consolidated Balance Sheets represent the corpus of those trusts plus undistributed income. The components of Care trusts’ corpus as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands):



	December 31, 2014			December 31, 2015
Trust assets, at market value	$	48,670		$	43,127
Obligations due from trust	(528		)	(711		)
Care trusts’ corpus	$	48,142		$	42,416

We are required by various state laws to pay a portion of the proceeds from the sale of cemetery property interment rights into perpetual care trust funds. The income earned from these perpetual care trusts offsets maintenance expenses for cemetery property and memorials. This trust fund income is recognized, as earned, in Revenues from cemetery operations. Trust management fees charged by CSV RIA are included in revenue in the period in which they are earned.

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, investments held by the trusts are classified as Level 1 investments pursuant to the three-level valuation hierarchy. Our Level 1 investments include cash and common stock. Where quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of similar securities in active markets or other inputs other than quoted prices that can corroborate observable market data. These investments are municipal bonds, foreign debt, corporate debt and preferred stock, all of which are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 for the year ended December 31, 2015. There are no Level 3 investments in the cemetery perpetual care trust investment portfolio. See Note 11 for further information of fair value measurement and the three-level valuation hierarchy.

The following table reflects the cost and fair market values associated with the trust investments held in perpetual care trust funds at December 31, 2015 (in thousands):



	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value
Cash and money market accounts	1	$	5,472	$	—	$	—		$	5,472
Fixed income securities:
Municipal bonds	2	325		—		(45		)	280
Foreign debt	2	3,232		—		(480		)	2,752
Corporate debt	2	16,216		57		(3,094		)	13,179
Preferred stock	2	11,263		20		(611		)	10,672
Common stock	1	11,945		393		(1,939		)	10,399
Trust securities		$	48,453	$	470	$	(6,169	)	$	42,754
Accrued investment income		$	373						$	373
Cemetery perpetual care investments									$	43,127
Market value as a percentage of cost									88.2		%

The estimated maturities of the fixed income securities included above are as follows (in thousands):



Due in one year or less	$	79
Due in one to five years	3,391
Due in five to ten years	1,690
Thereafter	21,723
Total fixed income securities	$	26,883

The following table reflects the cost and market values associated with the trust investments held in perpetual care trust funds at December 31, 2014 (in thousands):



	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value
Cash and money market accounts	1	$	3,206	$	—	$	—		$	3,206
Fixed income securities:
Municipal bonds	2	229		5		—			234
Foreign debt	2	3,871		—		(156		)	3,715
Corporate debt	2	19,911		248		(1,428		)	18,731
Preferred stock	2	12,694		137		(214		)	12,617
Common stock	1	8,747		1,568		(653		)	9,662
Trust securities		$	48,658	$	1,958	$	(2,451	)	$	48,165
Accrued investment income		$	505						$	505
Cemetery perpetual care investments									$	48,670
Market value as a percentage of cost									99.0		%

We determine whether or not the assets in the cemetery perpetual care trusts have an other-than-temporary impairment on a security-by-security basis. This assessment is made based upon a number of criteria including the length of time a security has been in a loss position, changes in market conditions and concerns related to the specific issuer. If a loss is considered to be other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the security is adjusted downward to its fair market value. Any reduction in the cost basis due to an other-than-temporary impairment is also recorded as a reduction to Care trusts’ corpus. We recorded a $0.5 million impairment charge for other-than-temporary declines in fair value related to unrealized losses on certain investments during our 2015 fiscal year. In 2014, we recorded a $0.1 million impairment charge for other-than-temporary declines in fair value related to unrealized losses on certain investments. At December 31, 2015, we had certain investments within our perpetual care trust investments that had tax lots in loss positions for more than one year. Based on our analyses of these securities, the companies’ businesses and current market conditions, we determined that these investments losses are temporary in nature.

Our perpetual care trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, are shown in the following tables (in thousands):



	December 31, 2015
	In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total
	Fair market value		Unrealized Losses			Fair market value		Unrealized Losses			Fair market value		Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
Municipal bonds	$	280	$	(45	)	$	—	$	—		$	280	$	(45	)
Foreign debt	2,541		(265		)	281		(215		)	2,822		(480		)
Corporate debt	10,463		(2,164		)	2,210		(931		)	12,673		(3,095		)
Preferred stock	7,100		(301		)	3,568		(309		)	10,668		(610		)
Common stock	7,379		(1,220		)	2,186		(719		)	9,565		(1,939		)
Total temporary impaired securities	$	27,763	$	(3,995	)	$	8,245	$	(2,174	)	$	36,008	$	(6,169	)



	December 31, 2014
	In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total
	Fair market value		Unrealized Losses			Fair market value		Unrealized Losses			Fair market value		Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
Foreign debt	$	3,716	$	(156	)	$	—	$	—		$	3,716	$	(156	)
Corporate debt	11,893		(513		)	1,328		(915		)	13,221		(1,428		)
Preferred stock	6,821		(191		)	2,133		(23		)	8,954		(214		)
Common stock	4,663		(616		)	44		(37		)	4,707		(653		)
Total temporary impaired securities	$	27,093	$	(1,476	)	$	3,505	$	(975	)	$	30,598	$	(2,451	)

Perpetual care trust investment security transactions recorded in Interest expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands):



	Year ended December 31,
	2013			2014			2015
Realized gains	$	2,172		$	3,468		$	1,773
Realized losses	(542		)	(1,748		)	(2,431		)
Decrease (increase) in Care trusts’ corpus	(1,630		)	(1,720		)	658
Total	$	—		$	—		$	—

Perpetual care trust investment security transactions recorded in Cemetery revenue for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands):



	Year ended December 31,
	2013		2014		2015
Investment income	$	4,063	$	4,713	$	5,315
Realized gains, net	1,511		1,112		436
Total	$	5,574	$	5,825	$	5,751

Purchases and sales of investments in the perpetual care trusts were as follows (in thousands):



	Year ended December 31,
	2013			2014			2015
Purchases	$	(27,719	)	$	(38,413	)	$	(16,694	)
Sales	28,261			35,402			14,710