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Intangible assets, net
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Intangible assets, net  
Intangible assets, net

13.  Intangible assets, net

The composition and movement of intangible assets is as follows:

Useful

Gross value 

Accumulated amortization

Net carrying amount

Life

At December 31,

    

years

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

Software

 

1 - 4

US$

47,850

US$

41,048

US$

(35,125)

US$

(28,416)

US$

12,725

US$

12,632

Balance as of January 1st, 2021

US$

9,603

Additions

10,142

Disposals

(1)

Amortization

(6,752)

Exchange differences

(360)

Balance as of December 31, 2021

 

12,632

Additions

 

6,790

Amortization

 

(6,696)

Exchange differences

 

(1)

Balance as of December 31, 2022

US$

12,725

During the second half of 2021 and beginning of 2022 the Company implemented the SAP S/4HANA software. During 2022 and 2021 the costs directly attributable to developments and improvements to systems were recognized as an intangible asset and other non-qualifying costs as part of the implementation were recognized in the statements of operations.

Software amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was US$6,696, US$6,752 and US$4,715, respectively. These amounts were recognized in depreciation and amortization caption on the consolidated statements of operations.