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Note 16 - Tax Expense - Reconciliation of Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Statement Line Items [Line Items]      
Profit for the year $ 25,257 $ 50,401 $ 13,756
Total tax expense 15,173 10,290 7,445
Profit before tax 40,430 60,691 21,201
Income tax at Company's domestic tax rate (1) [1]
Tax rate differences in foreign jurisdictions (2) [2] 12,405 16,232 6,465
Effect of income tax calculated in RTGS$ as required by PN26 (3) [3] 2,004 (8,526)
Management fee – withholding tax on deemed dividend portion 209 224 337
Management fee – non-deductible deemed dividend 570 652 579
Management fee – withholding tax - current year 123 129 96
Management fee – non-deductible withholding tax - prior year (664)
Withholding tax on intercompany dividends 245 128 110
- Royalty expenses (4) [4] 933 882
- Donations 107 18 14
- Other non-deductible expenditure 177 21 123
Credit export incentive income exemption (598) (124) (1,649)
Change in income tax rate (5) [5] (287)
Change in unrecognised deferred tax losses 272 511 76
Zimbabwe Area [member]      
Statement Line Items [Line Items]      
Change in tax estimates 29 795
SOUTH AFRICA      
Statement Line Items [Line Items]      
Change in tax estimates (54) 63 220
Other [member]      
Statement Line Items [Line Items]      
Change in tax estimates $ 61
[1] The tax rate in Jersey, Channel Islands is 0% (2019: 0%, 2018: 0%).
[2] The effective tax rate of 37.52% exceeds the statutory tax rates of subsidiaries of the Company, as certain expenditures are incurred by the Company that is not tax-deductible against taxable income in Zimbabwe and South Africa, where the enacted tax rates are 25.75% and 28.00% respectively. Further, Zimbabwean legislation requires the Blanket income taxation calculation to be performed in RTGS$ whereas the functional currency in which the profit before tax is calculated in these consolidated financial statements is in US Dollar; the requirement is further described in point 3 below.
[3] In 2019 ZIMRA issued PN26 that was affected retrospectively from February 22, 2019. The public notice provided clarity on Section 4 (a) of the Finance Act [Chapter 23.04] of Zimbabwe, which requires a company earning taxable income to pay tax in the same or other specified currency in which taxable income and revenue is earned. PN 26 clarifies that the calculation of taxable income be performed in RTGS$ and that the payment of the tax be in the ratio of the currency that the taxable income and revenue is earned. The reconciling item reconciles the profit before tax calculated using US Dollars as the functional currency of the Zimbabwean entities to taxable income calculated in RTGS$.
[4] On August 1, 2019 the Zimbabwean Government announced in the mid-term budget speech that mining royalties will be deductible for income tax purposes. The change came into effect on January 1, 2020.
[5] On November 26, 2020 the Zimbabwean Government announced in the 2021 National Budget Statement that the income tax rate will be reduced from 25.75% to 24.72% and will take effect in the 2021 fiscal tax year. This resulted in a change in the estimated deferred tax liability.