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Pension Benefits (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Retirement Benefits [Abstract] |
Changes in Benefit Obligation and Fair Value of Benefit Plans Assets | The following table provides information about changes in the benefit obligation and the fair value of the Benefit Plans assets, a statement of the funded status, and amounts recognized on the Company’s balance sheets:
| Year Ended December 31, 2016 $ |  | Year Ended December 31, 2015 $
Change in benefit obligation: |  |  |
Beginning balance | 82,415 |  |  | 121,604 |
Service cost | 5,372 |  |  | 7,726 |
Interest cost | 2,270 |  |  | 2,532 |
Contributions by plan participants | 99 |  |  | 365 |
Actuarial (gain) loss | (2,943 | ) |  | (9,165 | )
Benefits paid | (7,979 | ) |  | (9,651 | )
Plan settlements and amendments | (34,725 | ) |  | (14,891 | )
Foreign currency exchange rate changes | 893 |  |  | (16,001 | )
Other | (95 | ) |  | (104 | )
Ending balance | 45,307 |  |  | 82,415 |
Change in fair value of plan assets: |  |  |
Beginning balance | 73,075 |  |  | 97,158 |
Actual return on plan assets | 664 |  |  | 2,221 |
Contributions by the employer | 5,517 |  |  | 7,858 |
Contributions by plan participants | 99 |  |  | 365 |
Benefits paid | (7,974 | ) |  | (9,646 | )
Plan settlements and amendments | (28,887 | ) |  | (11,420 | )
Plan assets assumed on acquisition | — |  |  | 203 |
Foreign currency exchange rate changes | 726 |  |  | (13,096 | )
Other | (445 | ) |  | (568 | )
Ending balance | 42,775 |  |  | 73,075 |
Funded status deficiency | (2,532 | ) |  | (9,340 | )
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets: |  |  |
Other long-term liabilities | 2,532 |  |  | 9,340 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss: |  |  |
Net actuarial losses (1) | (13,775 | ) |  | (17,374 | )
(1) | As at December 31, 2016, the estimated amount that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income into net periodic benefit cost in 2016 is $0.5 million.
Pension Plans with Benefit Obligations and Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets | The following table provides information for those pension plans with a benefit obligation in excess of plan assets and those pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets:
| December 31, 2016 $ |  | December 31, 2015 $
Benefit obligation | 29,737 |  |  | 61,124 |
Fair value of plan assets | 26,296 |  |  | 50,517 |
Accumulated benefit obligation | 828 |  |  | 1,821 |
Fair value of plan assets | — |  |  | 925 |
Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost Relating to Benefit Plans | The components of net periodic pension cost relating to the Benefit Plans for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 consisted of the following:
| Year Ended December 31, 2016 $ |  | Year Ended December 31, 2015 $ |  | Year Ended December 31, 2014 $
Net periodic pension cost: |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | 5,372 |  |  | 7,726 |  |  | 8,800 |
Interest cost | 2,270 |  |  | 2,532 |  |  | 4,975 |
Expected return on plan assets | (2,718 | ) |  | (2,895 | ) |  | (5,333 | )
Amortization of net actuarial loss | 469 |  |  | 1,538 |  |  | 7,148 |
Plan settlement | (3,899 | ) |  | (140 | ) |  | (3,332 | )
Other | 445 |  |  | 568 |  |  | 557 |
Net cost | 1,939 |  |  | 9,329 |  |  | 12,815 |
Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Relating to Plans | The components of other comprehensive income (loss) relating to the Plans for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 consisted of the following:
| Year Ended December 31, 2016 $ |  | Year Ended December 31, 2015 $ |  | Year Ended December 31, 2014 $
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |
Net gain (loss) arising during the period | 7,035 |  |  | 13,288 |  |  | (14,954 | )
Amortization of net actuarial loss | 469 |  |  | 1,538 |  |  | 7,148 |
Plan settlement | (3,905 | ) |  | (140 | ) |  | (3,332 | )
Total income (loss) | 3,599 |  |  | 14,686 |  |  | (11,138 | )
Estimated Future Benefit Payments which Reflect Expected Future Service to be Paid by Benefit Plans | The Company estimates that it will make contributions into the Benefit Plans of $2.4 million during 2017. The following table provides the estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, to be paid by the Benefit Plans:
Year | Pension Benefit Payments $
2017 | 2,497 |
2018 | 2,156 |
2019 | 2,098 |
2020 | 2,123 |
2021 | 2,129 |
2021 – 2025 | 11,908 |
Total | 22,911 |
Fair Value of Plan Assets | The fair value of the plan assets, by category, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, 2016 $ |  | Year Ended December 31, 2015 $
Pooled Funds | 28,012 |  |  | 52,150 |
Mutual Funds |  |  |
Equity investments | 7,972 |  |  | 11,089 |
Debt securities | 1,772 |  |  | 2,512 |
Real estate | 1,919 |  |  | 2,929 |
Cash and money market | 1,181 |  |  | 1,674 |
Other | 1,919 |  |  | 2,720 |
Total | 42,775 |  |  | 73,075 |
(1) | The Company does not control the investment mix or strategy of the pooled funds. The pooled funds guarantee a minimum rate of return. If actual investment returns are less than the guarantee minimum rate, then the provider’s statutory reserves are used to top up the shortfall. The pooled funds primarily invest in hold to maturity bonds, real estate and other fixed income investments, which are expected to provide a stable rate of return.
(2) | The mutual funds primary aim is to provide investors with an exposure to a diversified mix of predominantly growth oriented assets (56%) with moderate to high volatility and some defensive assets (44%).
Schedule of Assumptions Used | The weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
| December 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
Discount rates | 2.9% |  | 3.0%
Rate of compensation increase | 2.5% |  | 3.4%
The weighted average assumptions used to determine net pension expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, 2016 $ |  | Year Ended December 31, 2015 $ |  | Year Ended December 31, 2014 $
Discount rates | 2.9% |  | 3.0% |  | 2.9%
Rate of compensation increase | 2.5% |  | 3.4% |  | 4.2%
Expected long-term rates of return | 4.2% |  | 4.0% |  | 4.0%
(1) | To the extent the expected return on plan assets varies from the actual return, an actuarial gain or loss results. The expected long-term rates of return on plan assets are based on the estimated weighted-average long-term returns of major asset classes. In determining asset class returns, the Company takes into account long-term returns of major asset classes, historical performance of plan assets, as well as the current interest rate environment. The asset class returns are weighted based on the target asset allocations.

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