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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Components of Company's Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities from continuing operations are as follows:
| December 31, 2023 $ |  | December 31, 2022 $
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Vessels and equipment | 437 |  |  | 21,837 |
Tax losses carried forward and disallowed finance costs (1) | 115,564 |  |  | 98,558 |
Other | 7,166 |  |  | 5,094 |
Total deferred tax assets | 123,167 |  |  | 125,489 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Vessels and equipment | 32 |  |  | 369 |
Provisions | 87 |  |  | — |
Other | 76 |  |  | 407 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 195 |  |  | 776 |
Net deferred tax assets | 122,972 |  |  | 124,713 |
Valuation allowance | (120,810) |  |  | (123,461) |
Net deferred tax assets | 2,162 |  |  | 1,252 |
(1)Substantially all of the Company's estimated net operating loss carryforwards of $470.0 million as at December 31, 2023, relate to its U.K. and Norwegian subsidiaries. The Company had estimated disallowed finance costs in Norway of approximately $12.6 million at December 31, 2023, which are available 10 years from the year the costs are incurred for offset against future taxable income in Norway.
Components of Provision for Income Taxes | The components of the provision for income tax (expense) recovery are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, 2023 $ |  | Year Ended December 31, 2022 $ |  | Year Ended December 31, 2021 $
Current | (13,386) |  |  | (532) |  |  | 4,082 |
Deferred | 1,224 |  |  | (885) |  |  | 881 |
Income tax (expense) recovery | (12,162) |  |  | (1,417) |  |  | 4,963 |
Reconciliations of Income Tax Rates and Actual Tax Charge | Reconciliations of the tax charge related to the relevant year at the applicable statutory income tax rates and the actual tax charge related to the relevant year are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, 2023 $ |  | Year Ended December 31, 2022 $ |  | Year Ended December 31, 2021 $
Net income (loss) before taxes | 529,585 |  |  | 211,053 |  |  | (282,426) |
Net income (loss) not subject to taxes | 508,201 |  |  | 204,462 |  |  | (336,040) |
Net income subject to taxes | 21,384 |  |  | 6,591 |  |  | 53,614 |
At applicable statutory tax rates | 4,411 |  |  | 2,234 |  |  | 12,476 |
Permanent and currency differences, adjustments to valuation allowances and uncertain tax positions | 7,422 |  |  | (702) |  |  | (13,870) |
Other | 329 |  |  | (115) |  |  | (3,569) |
Tax expense (recovery) related to the year | 12,162 |  |  | 1,417 |  |  | (4,963) |
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Recorded in Other Long-Term Liabilities | The following table reflects changes in uncertain tax positions relating to freight tax liabilities, which are recorded in other long-term liabilities and accrued liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets:
| Year Ended December 31, 2023 $ |  | Year Ended December 31, 2022 $ |  | Year Ended December 31, 2021 $
Balance as at January 1 | 42,477 |  | 46,956 |  | 51,562
Increases for positions related to the current year | 9,708 |  | 5,820 |  | 3,749
Increases for positions related to prior years | 7,394 |  | 2,983 |  | 4,801
Decreases for positions related to prior years | (4,798) |  | (964) |  | —
Decreases related to statute of limitations | (5,430) |  | (8,972) |  | (12,753)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss | (1,538) |  | (3,346) |  | (403)
Balance as at December 31 | 47,813 |  | 42,477 |  | 46,956

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Paragraph 9 -Section 50 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Paragraph 2 -Section 50 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-15 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 15A -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-15A Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 19 -SubTopic 10 -Topic 740 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-19 + Details
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