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Insurance Operations | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Insurance [Abstract] |
Insurance Operations | INSURANCE OPERATIONS Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs The Company defers certain costs in connection with written policies, called Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (“DPAC”). DPAC is amortized over the effective period of the related insurance and reinsurance policies. The following table presents the beginning and ending balances and the changes in DPAC for the periods presented (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
DPAC, beginning of year |  | $ | 73,059 |  |  | $ | 64,912 |  |  | $ | 60,019 |
Capitalized Costs |  | 174,814 |  |  | 144,849 |  |  | 130,243 |
Amortization of DPAC |  | (163,187 | ) |  | (136,702 | ) |  | (125,350 | )
DPAC, end of year |  | $ | 84,686 |  |  | $ | 73,059 |  |  | $ | 64,912 |
Regulatory Requirements and Restrictions The Insurance Entities are subject to regulations and standards of the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation (“FLOIR”). UPCIC also is subject to regulations and standards of regulatory authorities in other states where it is licensed, although as a Florida-domiciled insurer, its principal regulatory authority is the FLOIR. These standards require the Insurance Entities to maintain specified levels of statutory capital and restrict the timing and amount of dividends and other distributions that may be paid by the Insurance Entities to the parent company. Except in the case of extraordinary dividends, these standards generally permit dividends to be paid from statutory unassigned surplus of the regulated subsidiary and are limited based on the regulated subsidiary’s level of statutory net income and statutory capital and surplus. The maximum dividend that may be paid by UPCIC and APPCIC to their immediate parent company, Universal Insurance Holding Company of Florida (“UVECF”), without prior regulatory approval is limited by the provisions of the Florida Insurance Code. These dividends are referred to as “ordinary dividends.” However, if the dividend, together with other dividends paid within the preceding twelve months, exceeds this statutory limit or is paid from sources other than earned surplus, the entire dividend is generally considered an “extraordinary dividend” and must receive prior regulatory approval. In accordance with Florida Insurance Code, and based on the calculations performed by the Company as of December 31, 2018, UPCIC has the capacity to pay ordinary dividends of $14.0 million during 2019. APPCIC does no t meet the earning’s or surplus regulatory requirements as of December 31, 2018 to pay ordinary dividends during 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2018, no dividends were paid from UPCIC to UVECF. For the year ended December 31, 2017, UPCIC paid dividends of $30.0 million to UVECF. No dividends were paid from APPCIC to UVECF for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. The Florida Insurance Code requires insurance companies to maintain capitalization equivalent to the greater of ten percent of the insurer’s total liabilities but not less than $10.0 million. The following table presents the amount of capital and surplus calculated in accordance with statutory accounting principles, which differ from U.S. GAAP, and an amount representing ten percent of total liabilities for both UPCIC and APPCIC as of the dates presented (in thousands):
|  | As of December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Ten percent of total liabilities |  |  |  |
UPCIC |  | $ | 90,610 |  |  | $ | 72,633 |
APPCIC |  | $ | 489 |  |  | $ | 572 |
Statutory capital and surplus |  |  |  |
UPCIC |  | $ | 291,438 |  |  | $ | 307,686 |
APPCIC |  | $ | 15,973 |  |  | $ | 16,633 |
As of the dates in the table above, both UPCIC and APPCIC exceeded the minimum statutory capitalization requirement. UPCIC also met the capitalization requirements of the other states in which it is licensed as of December 31, 2018. UPCIC and APPCIC are also required to adhere to prescribed premium-to-capital surplus ratios and have met those requirements at such dates. The following table summarizes combined net income (loss) for UPCIC and APPCIC determined in accordance with statutory accounting practices for the periods presented (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Combined net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,118 |  |  | $ | 35,650 |  |  | $ | 58,194 |
Through UVECF, the Insurance Entities’ parent company, UVE made capital contributions for the periods presented (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016*
Capital Contributions |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,000 |
*UVECF made this contribution to APPCIC’s capital in conjunction with APPCIC’s request for FLOIR approval to transact commercial residential insurance products in Florida. The FLOIR granted APPCIC’s request. UPCIC and APPCIC are required annually to comply with the NAIC risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements. RBC requirements prescribe a method of measuring the amount of capital appropriate for an insurance company to support its overall business operations in light of its size and risk profile. NAIC RBC requirements are used by regulators to determine appropriate regulatory actions relating to insurers who show signs of a weak or deteriorating condition. As of December 31, 2018, based on calculations using the appropriate NAIC RBC formula, UPCIC’s and APPCIC’s reported total adjusted capital was in excess of the requirements. The Insurance Entities are required by various state laws and regulations to maintain certain assets in depository accounts. The following table represents assets held by insurance regulators as of the dates presented (in thousands):
|  | As of December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Restricted cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 2,635 |  |  | $ | 2,635 |
Investments |  | $ | 3,876 |  |  | $ | 3,910 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the types of coverages and products sold, and the assets, obligations, recorded liabilities, revenues and expenses arising therefrom, and the amounts of and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts of such items. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 944 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2303980 + Details
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