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Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes INCOME TAXES
Significant components of the income tax provision are as follows for the periods presented (in thousands):
For the Years Ended December 31,
202120202019
Current:
Federal$10,597 $1,988 $12,328 
State and local1,676 349 2,703 
Total current expense12,273 2,337 15,031 
Deferred:
Federal(4,064)2,403 1,622 
State and local(203)386 350 
Total deferred expense (benefit)(4,267)2,789 1,972 
Income tax expense$8,006 $5,126 $17,003 
The following table reconciles the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate for the periods presented:
For the Years Ended December 31,
202120202019
Federal statutory tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Increases (decreases) resulting from:
State income tax, net of federal tax benefit1.7 %3.1 %3.7 %
Effect of change in tax rate0.1 %0.5 %0.3 %
Disallowed meals & expenses0.1 %0.4 %0.7 %
Disallowed compensation2.1 %6.2 %3.2 %
Liability adjustment— (9.7)%— 
Excess tax (benefit) shortfall 2.3 %0.4 %(1.0)%
Other, net0.9 %(0.7)%(1.1)%
Effective income tax rate28.2 %21.2 %26.8 %
The Company recognized income tax shortfalls of $0.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2021 and $0.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 from stock-based compensation awards that vested, were exercised, forfeited, or expired.
On September 14, 2021, the state of Florida reduced its corporate tax rate from 4.458% to 3.535% which was effective for the 2021 calendar year. This rate expired on December 31, 2021, and a new corporate income tax rate of 5.5% will take effect on January 1, 2022.
The Company accounts for income taxes using a balance sheet approach. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the significant components of the Company’s deferred income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of December 31,
20212020
Deferred income tax assets:
Unearned premiums$28,748 $27,496 
Advanced premiums2,476 2,325 
Unpaid losses and LAE2,513 2,375 
Share-based compensation3,458 4,065 
Accrued wages211 180 
Allowance for uncollectible receivables186 203 
Net operating loss carryforwards534 — 
Unrealized gain/loss890 — 
Other comprehensive income4,729 — 
Other77 — 
Total deferred income tax assets43,822 36,644 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Deferred policy acquisition costs, net(25,361)(26,442)
Fixed assets(1,790)(2,313)
Unrealized gain/loss— (51)
Other comprehensive income— (1,052)
Unpaid loss and LAE transition adjustment(340)(436)
Other— (66)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(27,491)(30,360)
Net deferred income tax asset$16,331 $6,284 
At each balance sheet date, management assesses the need to establish a valuation allowance that reduces deferred income tax assets when it is more likely than not that all, or some portion, of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. A valuation allowance would be based on all available information including the Company’s assessment of uncertain tax positions and projections of future taxable income and capital gain from each tax-paying component in each jurisdiction, principally derived from business plans and available tax planning strategies.
Management has reviewed all available evidence, both positive and negative, in determining the need for a valuation allowance with respect to the gross deferred tax assets. In determining the manner in which available evidence should be weighted, management has determined that the need for a valuation allowance is not warranted at this time.
The Company has adopted Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. ASC 740 provides a threshold for the financial statement recognition and measurement of an income tax position taken or expected to be taken in an income tax return. The Company’s policy is to classify interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions, if any, in its provision for income taxes. As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company determined that no uncertain tax liabilities are required.
The Company filed a consolidated federal income tax return for the tax years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 and intends to file the same for the tax year ended December 31, 2021. The tax allocation agreement between the Company and the Insurance Entities provides that they will incur income taxes based on a computation of taxes as if they were stand-alone taxpayers. The computations are made utilizing the financial statements of the Insurance Entities prepared on a statutory basis of accounting and prior to consolidating entries which include the conversion of certain balances and transactions of the statutory financial statements to a U.S. GAAP basis.
The Company files its income tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. The Company’s 2018 through 2020 tax years are still subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and various tax years remain open to examination in certain state jurisdictions.