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Investments | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Investments | Investments Available-for-Sale Securities The following table provides the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale debt securities as of the dates presented (in thousands):
| March 31, 2023
| Amortized Cost |  | Allowance for Expected Credit Losses |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Debt Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government obligations and agencies | $ | 16,840 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | (763) |  |  | $ | 16,177 |
Corporate bonds | 782,613 |  |  | (622) |  |  | 366 |  |  | (79,506) |  |  | 702,851 |
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | 319,916 |  |  | — |  |  | 200 |  |  | (35,669) |  |  | 284,447 |
Municipal bonds | 16,149 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 15 |  |  | (2,082) |  |  | 14,080 |
Redeemable preferred stock | 10,860 |  |  | (187) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,673) |  |  | 9,000 |
Total | $ | 1,146,378 |  |  | $ | (811) |  |  | $ | 681 |  |  | $ | (119,693) |  |  | $ | 1,026,555 |
| December 31, 2022
| Amortized Cost | Allowance for Expected Credit Losses |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Debt Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government obligations and agencies | $ | 12,602 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (938) |  |  | $ | 11,664 |
Corporate bonds | 788,737 |  | (729) |  |  | 130 |  |  | (93,077) |  |  | 695,061 |
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | 327,166 |  | — |  |  | 148 |  |  | (39,707) |  |  | 287,607 |
Municipal bonds | 14,924 |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,551) |  |  | 12,371 |
Redeemable preferred stock | 9,423 |  | (189) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,311) |  |  | 7,923 |
Total | $ | 1,152,852 |  | $ | (920) |  |  | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | (137,584) |  |  | $ | 1,014,626 |
The following table provides the credit quality of available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands):
|  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Average Credit Ratings |  | Fair Value |  | % of Total Fair Value |  | Fair Value |  | % of Total Fair Value
AAA |  | $ | 304,913 |  |  | 29.7 | % |  | $ | 297,475 |  |  | 29.3 | %
AA |  | 158,404 |  |  | 15.4 | % |  | 154,975 |  |  | 15.3 | %
A |  | 334,519 |  |  | 32.6 | % |  | 327,427 |  |  | 32.3 | %
BBB |  | 227,056 |  |  | 22.1 | % |  | 232,316 |  |  | 22.9 | %
No Rating Available |  | 1,663 |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | 2,433 |  |  | 0.2 | %
Total |  | $ | 1,026,555 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 1,014,626 |  |  | 100.0 | %
The table above includes credit quality ratings by Standard and Poor’s Rating Services, Inc. (“S&P”), Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Fitch Ratings, Inc. The Company has presented the highest rating of the three rating agencies for each investment position. The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities as of the dates presented (in thousands):
| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency | $ | 159,078 |  |  | $ | 137,987 |  |  | $ | 157,672 |  |  | $ | 133,928 |
Non-agency | 60,159 |  |  | 50,711 |  |  | 60,328 |  |  | 50,478 |
Asset-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto loan receivables | 54,531 |  |  | 52,351 |  |  | 62,128 |  |  | 59,370 |
Credit card receivables | 1,657 |  |  | 1,618 |  |  | 657 |  |  | 612 |
Other receivables | 44,491 |  |  | 41,780 |  |  | 46,381 |  |  | 43,219 |
Total | $ | 319,916 |  |  | $ | 284,447 |  |  | $ | 327,166 |  |  | $ | 287,607 |
The following tables summarize available-for-sale debt securities, aggregated by major security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, for which no allowance for expected credit losses has been recorded as of the dates presented (in thousands):
| March 31, 2023
| Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer
| Number of Issues |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Number of Issues |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Debt Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government obligations and agencies | 2 |  |  | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | 6 |  |  | $ | 11,816 |  |  | $ | (762) |
Corporate bonds | 22 |  |  | 20,332 |  |  | (421) |  |  | 258 |  |  | 319,002 |  |  | (39,830) |
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | 36 |  |  | 39,815 |  |  | (1,073) |  |  | 172 |  |  | 227,174 |  |  | (34,596) |
Municipal bonds | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 6,900 |  |  | (1,179) |
Redeemable preferred stock | 1 |  |  | 489 |  |  | (69) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 101 |  |  | (45) |
Total | 61 |  |  | $ | 61,159 |  |  | $ | (1,564) |  |  | 440 |  |  | $ | 564,993 |  |  | $ | (76,412) |
| December 31, 2022
| Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer
| Number of Issues |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Number of Issues |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Debt Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government obligations and agencies | 2 |  |  | $ | 2,721 |  |  | $ | (110) |  |  | 5 |  |  | $ | 8,943 |  |  | $ | (828) |
Corporate bonds | 40 |  |  | 26,563 |  |  | (2,910) |  |  | 247 |  |  | 325,992 |  |  | (46,451) |
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | 64 |  |  | 52,751 |  |  | (2,974) |  |  | 146 |  |  | 219,189 |  |  | (36,733) |
Municipal bonds | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 6,621 |  |  | (1,458) |
Redeemable preferred stock | 1 |  |  | 95 |  |  | (51) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 107 |  |  | $ | 82,130 |  |  | $ | (6,045) |  |  | 401 |  |  | $ | 560,745 |  |  | $ | (85,470) |
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities in the above table as of March 31, 2023 have not been recognized into income as credit losses because the issuers are of high credit quality (investment grade securities), management does not intend to sell nor does it believe it is more likely than not it will be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery, and the decline in fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates and other market conditions. There were no material factors impacting any one category or specific security requiring an accrual for credit loss. The issuers continue to make principal and interest payments on the bonds. The fair value is expected to recover as the bonds approach maturity. The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for expected credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities (in thousands):
|  | Corporate Bonds |  |  |  | Municipal Bonds |  | Redeemable Preferred Stock |  | Total
Balance, December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 371 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 489 |
Provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense |  | 358 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 431 |
Balance, December 31, 2022 |  | 729 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 920 |
Provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense |  | (107) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (109) |
Balance, March 31, 2023 |  | $ | 622 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 187 |  |  | $ | 811 |
For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or is more likely than not, that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For available-for-sale debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by rating agencies, market sentiment and trends and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other quantitative and qualitative factors utilized for establishing an estimate for credit losses. If the assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present values of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense and are reported in general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes an available-for-sale debt security is confirmed as uncollected or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of investments with maturities as of the date presented (in thousands):
| March 31, 2023
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Due in one year or less | $ | 102,455 |  |  | $ | 100,102 |
Due after one year through five years | 558,902 |  |  | 512,244 |
Due after five years through ten years | 457,242 |  |  | 391,643 |
Due after ten years | 23,977 |  |  | 19,370 |
Perpetual maturity securities | 3,802 |  |  | 3,196 |
Total | $ | 1,146,378 |  |  | $ | 1,026,555 |
All securities, except those with perpetual maturities, were categorized in the table above utilizing years to effective maturity. Effective maturity takes into consideration all forms of potential prepayment, such as call features or prepayment schedules, that shorten the lifespan of contractual maturity dates. The following table provides certain information related to available-for-sale debt securities, equity securities and investment in real estate during the periods presented (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sales and maturities (fair value): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale debt securities | $ | 30,855 |  |  | $ | 25,306 |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | $ | 2,789 |  |  | $ | 14,932 |  |  |  |  |
Gross realized gains on sale of securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale debt securities | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 324 |  |  |  |  |
Gross realized losses on sale of securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale debt securities | $ | (706) |  |  | $ | (270) |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | $ | (141) |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  |  |  |
The following table presents the components of net investment income, comprised primarily of interest and dividends, for the periods presented (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale debt securities | $ | 5,870 |  |  | $ | 4,067 |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | 1,053 |  |  | 535 |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents (1) | 4,203 |  |  | 22 |  |  |  |  |
Other (2) | 141 |  |  | 128 |  |  |  |  |
Total investment income | 11,267 |  |  | 4,752 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Investment expenses (3) | (569) |  |  | (710) |  |  |  |  |
Net investment income | $ | 10,698 |  |  | $ | 4,042 |  |  |  |  |
(1) |  |  | Includes interest earned on restricted cash and cash equivalents.
(2) |  |  | Includes investment income earned on real estate investments.
(3) |  |  | Includes custodial fees, investment accounting and advisory fees, and expenses associated with real estate investments.
Equity Securities The following table provides the unrealized gains and losses recognized for the periods presented on equity securities still held at the end of the reported period (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the reported period on equity securities still held at the end of the reported period | $ | 503 |  |  | $ | (3,353) |  |  |  |  |
Investment Real Estate Investment real estate consisted of the following as of the dates presented (in thousands):
| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Income Producing: |  |  |
Investment real estate | $ | 7,097 |  |  | $ | 7,097 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation | (1,432) |  |  | (1,386) |
Investment real estate, net | $ | 5,665 |  |  | $ | 5,711 |
The following table provides the depreciation expense related to investment real estate for the periods presented (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Depreciation expense on investment real estate | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  |  |  |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for investment. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 321 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=75115024 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2196928 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 325 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2197064 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 323 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2196965 + Details
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