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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Organization

Organization

 

Sturm, Ruger & Company, Inc. (the “Company”) is principally engaged in the design, manufacture, and sale of firearms to domestic customers. Approximately 99% of sales were from firearms. Export sales represented approximately 4% of firearms sales. The Company’s design and manufacturing operations are located in the United States and almost all product content is domestic. The Company’s firearms are sold through a select number of independent wholesale distributors principally to the commercial sporting market.

 

The Company manufactures investment castings made from steel alloys and metal injection molding (“MIM”) parts for internal use in its firearms and utilizes available capacity to manufacture and sell investment castings and MIM parts to unaffiliated, third-party customers. Castings were approximately 1% of the Company’s total sales for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Preparation of Financial Statements

Preparation of Financial Statements

 

The Company follows United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

 

The significant accounting policies described below, together with the notes that follow, are an integral part of the Financial Statements.
Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

 

Substantially all product sales are sold FOB (free on board) shipping point. Revenue is recognized when product is shipped and the customer takes ownership and assumes the risk of loss. Accruals are made for sales discounts and incentives based on the Company’s experience. The Company accounts for cash sales discounts as a reduction in sales and sales incentives as a charge to selling expense. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling fees are included in net sales and costs incurred by the Company for the delivery of goods are classified as selling expenses. Federal excise taxes are excluded from net sales. See “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” below for a discussion of revenue recognition in future periods.
Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers interest-bearing deposits with financial institutions with remaining maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition to be cash equivalents.
Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

 

The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the creditworthiness of its customers and historical experience. While the Company uses the best information available to make its evaluation, future adjustments to the allowance for doubtful accounts may be necessary if there are significant changes in economic and industry conditions or any other factors considered in the Company’s evaluation. Bad debt expense has been immaterial during each of the last three years.
Inventories

Inventories

 

Substantially all of the Company’s inventories are valued at the lower of cost, principally determined by the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method, or market. Elements of cost in inventories include raw materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead.
Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, Plant, and Equipment

 

Property, plant, and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation is computed over useful lives using the straight-line and declining balance methods predominately over 15 years for buildings, 7 years for machinery and equipment and 3 years for tools and dies. When assets are retired, sold or otherwise disposed of, their gross carrying values and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and a gain or loss on such disposals is recognized when appropriate.

 

Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations; replacements and improvements are capitalized.
Long-lived Assets

Long-lived Assets

 

The Company evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. In performing this review, the carrying value of the assets is compared to the projected undiscounted cash flows to be generated from the assets. If the sum of the undiscounted expected future cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the assets are considered to be impaired. Impairment losses are measured as the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds their fair value. The Company bases fair value of the assets on quoted market prices if available or, if not available, quoted market prices of similar assets. Where quoted market prices are not available, the Company estimates fair value using the estimated future cash flows generated by the assets discounted at a rate commensurate with the risks associated with the recovery of the assets.
Income Taxes

Income Taxes

 

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of “temporary differences” by applying enacted statutory rates applicable to future years to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities.
Product Liability

Product Liability

 

The Company provides for product liability claims including estimated legal costs to be incurred defending such claims. The provision for product liability claims is charged to cost of products sold.
Advertising Costs

Advertising Costs

 

The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expenses for 2017, 2016, and 2015, were $3.1 million, $2.9 million, and $3.0 million, respectively.
Shipping Costs

Shipping Costs

 

Costs incurred related to the shipment of products are included in selling expense. Such costs totaled $4.8 million, $5.7 million, and $6.4 million in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.
Research and Development

Research and Development

 

In 2017, 2016, and 2015, the Company spent approximately $9.8 million, $8.7 million, and $8.5 million, respectively, on research and development activities relating to new products and the improvement of existing products. These costs are expensed as incurred.
Earnings per Share

Earnings per Share

 

Basic earnings per share is based upon the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share reflect the impact of options, restricted stock units, and deferred stock outstanding using the treasury stock method.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (Topic 740). The new guidance requires that all deferred tax assets and liabilities be presented as a net noncurrent asset or liability on the balance sheet. Previously such items were presented as a net current asset or liability and a net noncurrent asset or liability. The new guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods thereafter. The Company adopted ASU 2015-17 in the first quarter of 2017 and applied it retroactively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The impact of adopting this change in accounting principle on the December 31, 2016 balance sheet was to reduce current deferred tax assets and working capital by $8.8 million and noncurrent deferred tax liabilities by $8.5 million from the amounts previously reported for these items.

 

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), requiring an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The updated standard will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective and permits the use of either a full retrospective or retrospective with cumulative effect transition method. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 one year making it effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The new standard will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018 and can be applied using a modified retrospective or full retrospective method. The Company has evaluated the new standard against its existing accounting policies and practices, including reviewing standard purchase orders, invoices, shipping terms, and reviewing agreements with customers. The Company expects to adopt the new standard in the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. The Company will modify its revenue recognition related to certain of its sales promotion activities that involve the shipment of no charge firearms. As a result, the Company expects to record a contract liability of approximately $7 million on January 1, 2018. In addition, certain promotional expenses that had been classified as selling expenses will be recorded as cost of products sold in future periods. The Company believes the new guidance will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial results, cash flows, or financial position, but may have a material impact on the Company’s financial results for a particular period.

 

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The most significant change in the new compensation guidance is that all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends) on share-based compensation awards should be recognized in the Statement of Income as income tax expense. Previously such benefits or deficiencies were recognized in the Balance Sheet as adjustments to additional paid-in capital. The new guidance was effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods thereafter. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of 2017. The impact of adopting this change in accounting principle reduced the Company’s effective tax rate by 2% for the period ending December 31, 2017. This did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases" (ASU 2016-02), which requires companies to recognize leased assets and liabilities for both capital and operating leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Companies are required to adopt the guidance using a modified retrospective method. While the Company is currently assessing the impact ASU 2016-02 will have on the consolidated financial statements, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact to our consolidated financial position.