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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Provision for Income Tax
Our provision for income tax expense (benefit) for 2019, 2018 and 2017 consisted of the following:
 
   
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
Current federal income tax
  $8,454,358   $(11,296,704  $(2,139,061
Deferred federal income tax
   649,928    (4,179,805   7,137,423 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Federal income tax expense (benefit)
  
$
9,104,286
 
  
$
(15,476,509
  
$
4,998,362
 
Pennsylvania income tax
  
 
825,000
 
  
 
—  
 
  
 
—  
 
Income tax expense (benefit)
  $9,929,286   $(15,476,509  $4,998,362 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Federal Income Tax Rate
The reasons for such difference and the related tax effects are as follows:
   
2019
   
201
8
   
201
7
 
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $57,081,030   $(48,236,849  $12,114,462 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Computed “expected” taxes
   11,987,016    (10,129,738   4,240,062 
Tax-exempt
interest
   (1,325,197   (1,521,090   (3,241,530
Proration
   357,044    405,204    518,948 
Effect of tax reform
   —      —      4,752,547 
Dividends received deduction
   (1,913,238   (99,726   (508,409
Net operating loss carryback
       (4,210,523   —   
Tax benefit on exercise of options
   (64,765   (25,938   (873,515
Other, net
   236,676     105,302    110,259 
Pennsylvania income tax, net of federal benefit
   651,750         
Income tax expense (benefit)
  $9,929,286   $(15,476,509  $4,998,362 
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
 
   
2019
   
2018
 
Deferred tax assets:
          
Unearned premium
  $15,482,366   $15,634,433 
Loss reserves
   7,820,683    7,644,415 
Net operating loss carryforward
   200,942    3,090,010 
Net state operating loss carryforward—DGI Parent
   7,519,991    8,070,196 
Net unrealized losses
       3,782,145 
Other
   2,603,155    2,517,791 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total gross deferred tax assets
   33,627,137    40,738,990 
Less valuation allowance
   (7,538,024   (8,334,663
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net deferred tax assets
   26,089,113    32,404,327 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
          
Deferred policy acquisition costs
   12,449,820    12,729,176 
Loss reserve transition adjustment
   1,733,056    2,339,068 
Other
   3,391,926    4,266,328 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total gross deferred tax liabilities
   17,574,802    19,334,572 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net deferred tax asset
  $8,514,311   $13,069,755