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Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Revenues      
Net premiums earned (includes affiliated reinsurance of $203,409,131, $198,580,547 and $190,924,704 - see note 3) $ 756,078,400 $ 741,290,873 $ 702,514,755
Investment income, net of investment expenses 29,514,955 26,907,656 23,527,304
Installment payment fees 4,134,749 5,256,721 5,157,163
Lease income 443,750 480,617 500,455
Net investment gains (losses) 21,984,617 (4,801,509) 5,705,255
Equity in earnings of Donegal Financial Services Corporation 295,000 2,693,962 1,621,605
Total revenues 812,451,471 771,828,320 739,026,537
Expenses      
Net losses and loss expenses (includes affiliated reinsurance of $103,218,679, $140,113,591 and $114,865,113 - see note 3) 506,387,664 576,458,420 487,268,054
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs 122,443,000 120,964,000 115,065,000
Other underwriting expenses 114,561,741 113,270,131 116,538,431
Policyholder dividends 8,978,406 5,353,023 5,014,624
Interest 1,579,299 2,302,082 1,593,437
Other, net 1,420,331 1,717,513 1,432,529
Total expenses 755,370,441 820,065,169 726,912,075
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) 57,081,030 (48,236,849) 12,114,462
Income tax expense (benefit) 9,929,286 (15,476,509) 4,998,362
Net income (loss) 47,151,744 (32,760,340) 7,116,100
Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)      
Net income (loss) 47,151,744 (32,760,340) 7,116,100
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities:      
Unrealized holding gain (loss) arising during the period, net of income tax expense (benefit) of $3,947,082, ($1,865,948) and $1,964,385 14,848,545 (7,019,532) 3,811,151
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income (loss), net of income tax expense (benefit) of $30,920, ($104,841) and $1,939,787 (116,316) 394,403 (3,765,468)
Other comprehensive income (loss) 14,732,229 (6,625,129) 45,683
Comprehensive income (loss) $ 61,883,973 $ (39,385,469) $ 7,161,783
Class A Common Stock [Member]      
Basic earnings (loss) per common share:      
Common stock - Basic $ 1.68 $ (1.18) $ 0.27
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:      
Common stock - Diluted 1.67 (1.18) 0.26
Class B Common Stock [Member]      
Basic earnings (loss) per common share:      
Common stock - Basic 1.51 (1.09) 0.22
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:      
Common stock - Diluted $ 1.51 $ (1.09) $ 0.22