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Stock Based Compensation (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]  
Summary of Option Activity Under Company's Equity Incentive Plans

The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Company’s 2018 Plan and related information:

 

 

 

Number of Shares

Underlying

Outstanding

Options

 

 

Weighted-

Average Exercise

Price

 

 

Weighted-

Average

Remaining

Contractual Term

(Years)

 

Outstanding — December 31, 2022

 

 

8,678,767

 

 

$

1.42

 

 

 

7.47

 

Options granted (1)

 

 

14,008,093

 

 

$

0.86

 

 

 

 

 

Options forfeited and cancelled (1)

 

 

(14,210,119

)

 

$

0.91

 

 

 

 

 

Options expired

 

 

(12,174

)

 

$

36.16

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding — March 31, 2023

 

 

8,464,567

 

 

$

1.30

 

 

 

6.01

 

Exercisable — March 31, 2023

 

 

7,306,692

 

 

$

1.40

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

Includes options that were cancelled and re-granted as part of the option modification from the special cash dividend, as further discussed above.

Summary of Weighted Average Valuation Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Employee Stock Options

The fair value of employee stock options was estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions:

 

 

Three Months Ended March 31,

 

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Employee Stock Options:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

 

 

 

 

1.87

%

Expected term (in years)

 

 

 

 

 

6.1

 

Dividend yield

 

 

 

 

 

 

Volatility

 

 

 

 

 

91.54

%

Weighted-average fair value of stock options granted

 

$

 

 

$

0.39

 

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized was as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Three Months Ended March 31,

 

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Research and development

 

$

66

 

 

$

128

 

General and administrative(1)

 

 

144

 

 

 

387

 

Total stock-based compensation expense

 

$

210

 

 

$

515

 

 

 

(1)

No shares of common stock were issued to board members for the three months ended March 31, 2023.