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Stock Based Compensation (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Summary of Option Activity Under Company's Equity Incentive Plans

The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Company’s 2018 Plan and related information:

 

 

Number of Shares
Underlying
Outstanding
Options

 

 

Weighted-
Average Exercise
Price

 

 

Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(Years)

 

Outstanding — December 31, 2022

 

 

8,678,767

 

 

$

1.42

 

 

 

7.47

 

Options granted (1)

 

 

14,008,093

 

 

$

0.86

 

 

 

 

Options exercised

 

 

(215,067

)

 

$

0.10

 

 

 

 

Options forfeited and cancelled (1)

 

 

(14,210,119

)

 

$

0.91

 

 

 

 

Options expired

 

 

(14,729

)

 

$

34.33

 

 

 

 

Outstanding — June 30, 2023

 

 

8,246,945

 

 

$

1.32

 

 

 

5.68

 

Exercisable — June 30, 2023

 

 

7,412,252

 

 

$

1.39

 

 

 

 

 

(1)
Includes options that were cancelled and re-granted as part of the option modification from the special cash dividend, as further discussed above.
Summary of Weighted Average Valuation Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Employee Stock Options

The fair value of employee stock options was estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions:

 

 

Three Months Ended June 30,

 

 

Six Months Ended June 30,

 

 

 

2023

 

2022

 

 

2023

 

2022

 

Employee Stock Options:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

n/a

 

 

2.93

%

 

n/a

 

 

2.22

%

Expected term (in years)

 

n/a

 

 

6.0

 

 

n/a

 

 

6.0

 

Dividend yield

 

n/a

 

 

 

 

n/a

 

 

 

Volatility

 

n/a

 

 

91.82

%

 

n/a

 

 

91.63

%

Weighted-average fair value of stock options granted

 

n/a

 

$

0.87

 

 

n/a

 

$

0.55

 

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized was as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Three Months Ended June 30,

 

 

Six Months Ended June 30,

 

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Research and development

 

$

1

 

 

$

83

 

 

$

67

 

 

$

211

 

General and administrative(1)

 

 

88

 

 

 

263

 

 

 

232

 

 

 

650

 

Total stock-based compensation expense

 

$

89

 

 

$

346

 

 

$

299

 

 

$

861

 

 

(1)
No shares of common stock were issued to Board members for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.