10-Q 1 hov20150430_10q.htm FORM 10-Q
Table Of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

[ X ] | Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended APRIL 30, 2015

OR

[ ] | Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission file number 1-8551

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

22-1851059 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

110 West Front Street, P.O. Box 500, Red Bank, NJ 07701 (Address of Principal Executive Offices)

732-747-7800 (Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

N/A (Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes [ X ] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [ X ] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer [ ] Accelerated Filer [ X ]

Non-Accelerated Filer [ ] (Do not check if smaller reporting company) Smaller Reporting Company [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ ] No [ X ]

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. 131,435,644 shares of Class A Common Stock and 14,983,719 shares of Class B Common Stock were outstanding as of June 4, 2015.

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HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC.

FORM 10-Q

INDEX | PAGE NUMBER
PART I. Financial Information |
Item l. Financial Statements: |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) as of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014 | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014 | 5
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Equity (unaudited) for the six months ended April 30, 2015 | 6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014 | 7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 9
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 34
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 58
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 59
PART II. Other Information |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 59
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 59
Item 6. Exhibits | 60
Signatures | 61

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HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In Thousands)

|  | April 30, 2015 |  |  | October 31, 2014 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  | (1) |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $256,866 |  |  | $255,117 |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents |  | 9,623 |  |  | 13,086 |
Inventories: |  |  |  |  |  |
Sold and unsold homes and lots under development |  | 1,227,692 |  |  | 961,994 |
Land and land options held for future development or sale |  | 210,259 |  |  | 273,463 |
Consolidated inventory not owned: |  |  |  |  |  |
Specific performance options |  | 1,734 |  |  | 3,479 |
Other options |  | 99,072 |  |  | 105,374 |
Total consolidated inventory not owned |  | 100,806 |  |  | 108,853 |
Total inventories |  | 1,538,757 |  |  | 1,344,310 |
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures |  | 70,550 |  |  | 63,883 |
Receivables, deposits and notes, net |  | 85,810 |  |  | 92,546 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | 46,414 |  |  | 46,744 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  | 81,085 |  |  | 69,358 |
Total homebuilding |  | 2,089,105 |  |  | 1,885,044 |
Financial services: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 4,706 |  |  | 6,781 |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents |  | 13,980 |  |  | 16,236 |
Mortgage loans held for sale at fair value |  | 106,452 |  |  | 95,338 |
Other assets |  | 2,163 |  |  | 1,988 |
Total financial services |  | 127,301 |  |  | 120,343 |
Income taxes receivable – including net deferred tax benefits |  | 300,588 |  |  | 284,543 |
Total assets |  | $2,516,994 |  |  | $2,289,930 |

(1) Derived from the audited balance sheet as of October 31, 2014.

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts)

|  | April 30, 2015 |  |  | October 31, 2014 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  | (1) |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding: |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonrecourse mortgages |  | $118,904 |  |  | $103,908 |
Accounts payable and other liabilities |  | 342,762 |  |  | 370,876 |
Customers’ deposits |  | 41,431 |  |  | 34,969 |
Nonrecourse mortgages secured by operating properties |  | 16,076 |  |  | 16,619 |
Liabilities from inventory not owned |  | 91,040 |  |  | 92,381 |
Total homebuilding |  | 610,213 |  |  | 618,753 |
Financial services: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable and other liabilities |  | 21,831 |  |  | 22,278 |
Mortgage warehouse lines of credit |  | 82,966 |  |  | 76,919 |
Total financial services |  | 104,797 |  |  | 99,197 |
Notes payable: |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior secured notes, net of discount |  | 980,629 |  |  | 979,935 |
Senior notes, net of discount |  | 840,851 |  |  | 590,472 |
Senior amortizing notes |  | 14,987 |  |  | 17,049 |
Senior exchangeable notes |  | 71,913 |  |  | 70,101 |
Accrued interest |  | 39,938 |  |  | 32,222 |
Total notes payable |  | 1,948,318 |  |  | 1,689,779 |
Total liabilities |  | 2,663,328 |  |  | 2,407,729 |
Stockholders’ equity deficit: |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value - authorized 100,000 shares; issued and outstanding 5,600 shares with a liquidation preference of $140,000 at April 30, 2015 and at October 31, 2014 |  | 135,299 |  |  | 135,299 |
Common stock, Class A, $0.01 par value – authorized 400,000,000 shares; issued 143,196,407 shares at April 30, 2015 and 142,836,563 shares at October 31, 2014 (including 11,760,763 shares at April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014 held in Treasury) |  | 1,432 |  |  | 1,428 |
Common stock, Class B, $0.01 par value (convertible to Class A at time of sale) – authorized 60,000,000 shares; issued 15,675,467 shares at April 30, 2015 and 15,497,543 shares at October 31, 2014 (including 691,748 shares at April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014 held in Treasury) |  | 157 |  |  | 155 |
Paid in capital – common stock |  | 703,337 |  |  | 697,943 |
Accumulated deficit |  | (871,199 | ) |  | (837,264 | )
Treasury stock – at cost |  | (115,360 | ) |  | (115,360 | )
Total stockholders’ equity deficit |  | (146,334 | ) |  | (117,799 | )
Total liabilities and equity |  | $2,516,994 |  |  | $2,289,930 |

(1) Derived from the audited balance sheet as of October 31, 2014.

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In Thousands Except Per Share Data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended April 30, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sale of homes |  | $455,172 |  |  | $438,302 |  |  | $888,643 |  |  | $793,483 |
Land sales and other revenues |  | 1,320 |  |  | 2,215 |  |  | 2,441 |  |  | 2,988 |
Total homebuilding |  | 456,492 |  |  | 440,517 |  |  | 891,084 |  |  | 796,471 |
Financial services |  | 12,457 |  |  | 9,412 |  |  | 23,579 |  |  | 17,506 |
Total revenues |  | 468,949 |  |  | 449,929 |  |  | 914,663 |  |  | 813,977 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales, excluding interest |  | 382,139 |  |  | 350,433 |  |  | 736,951 |  |  | 639,320 |
Cost of sales interest |  | 12,013 |  |  | 12,407 |  |  | 23,331 |  |  | 21,897 |
Inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs |  | 4,311 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 6,541 |  |  | 1,186 |
Total cost of sales |  | 398,463 |  |  | 363,362 |  |  | 766,823 |  |  | 662,403 |
Selling, general and administrative |  | 52,614 |  |  | 47,806 |  |  | 100,260 |  |  | 91,768 |
Total homebuilding expenses |  | 451,077 |  |  | 411,168 |  |  | 867,083 |  |  | 754,171 |
Financial services |  | 7,508 |  |  | 6,707 |  |  | 14,825 |  |  | 13,379 |
Corporate general and administrative |  | 16,493 |  |  | 14,641 |  |  | 33,401 |  |  | 31,033 |
Other interest |  | 23,030 |  |  | 23,472 |  |  | 48,101 |  |  | 46,805 |
Other operations |  | 1,788 |  |  | 1,151 |  |  | 3,332 |  |  | 2,260 |
Total expenses |  | 499,896 |  |  | 457,139 |  |  | 966,742 |  |  | 847,648 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  | - |  |  | (1,155 | ) |  | - |  |  | (1,155 | )
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures |  | 1,466 |  |  | 1,067 |  |  | 2,918 |  |  | 3,638 |
Loss before income taxes |  | (29,481 | ) |  | (7,298 | ) |  | (49,161 | ) |  | (31,188 | )
State and federal income tax (benefit) provision: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State |  | (414 | ) |  | 604 |  |  | 2,718 |  |  | 1,237 |
Federal |  | (9,508 | ) |  | - |  |  | (17,944 | ) |  | - |
Total income taxes |  | (9,922 | ) |  | 604 |  |  | (15,226 | ) |  | 1,237 |
Net loss |  | $(19,559 | ) |  | $(7,902 | ) |  | $(33,935 | ) |  | $(32,425 | )
Per share data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss per common share |  | $(0.13 | ) |  | $(0.05 | ) |  | $(0.23 | ) |  | $(0.22 | )
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding |  | 146,946 |  |  | 146,325 |  |  | 146,762 |  |  | 146,151 |
Assuming dilution: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss per common share |  | $(0.13 | ) |  | $(0.05 | ) |  | $(0.23 | ) |  | $(0.22 | )
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding |  | 146,946 |  |  | 146,325 |  |  | 146,762 |  |  | 146,151 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

(In Thousands Except Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

|  | A Common Stock |  |  | B Common Stock |  |  | Preferred Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares Issued and Outstanding |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares Issued and Outstanding |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares Issued and Outstanding |  |  | Amount |  |  | Paid-In Capital |  |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Total |
Balance, October 31, 2014 |  | 131,075,800 |  |  | $1,428 |  |  | 14,805,795 |  |  | $155 |  |  | 5,600 |  |  | $135,299 |  |  | $697,943 |  |  | $(837,264 | ) |  | $(115,360 | ) |  | $(117,799 | )
Stock options, amortization and issuances |  | 18,125 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,473 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,473 |
Restricted stock amortization, issuances and forfeitures |  | 341,619 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 178,024 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,921 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,927 |
Conversion of Class B to Class A Common Stock |  | 100 |  |  |  |  |  | (100 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (33,935 | ) |  |  |  |  | (33,935 | )
Balance, April 30, 2015 |  | 131,435,644 |  |  | $1,432 |  |  | 14,983,719 |  |  | $157 |  |  | 5,600 |  |  | $135,299 |  |  | $703,337 |  |  | $(871,199 | ) |  | $(115,360 | ) |  | $(146,334 | )

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended |
|  | April 30, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $(33,935 | ) |  | $(32,425 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  | 1,719 |  |  | 1,706 |
Compensation from stock options and awards |  | 6,665 |  |  | 5,038 |
Amortization of bond discounts and deferred financing costs |  | 5,991 |  |  | 4,913 |
Gain on sale and retirement of property and assets |  | (851 | ) |  | (216 | )
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures |  | (2,918 | ) |  | (3,638 | )
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures |  | 4,445 |  |  | 491 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  | - |  |  | 1,155 |
Inventory impairment and land option write-offs |  | 6,541 |  |  | 1,186 |
Deferred income tax benefit |  | (15,975 | ) |  | - |
(Increase) decrease in assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans held for sale at fair value |  | (11,114 | ) |  | 54,934 |
Restricted cash, receivables, prepaids, deposits and other assets |  | 134 |  |  | (4,354 | )
Inventories |  | (200,988 | ) |  | (218,078 | )
(Decrease) increase in liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
State income tax payable |  | (70 | ) |  | 122 |
Customers’ deposits |  | 6,462 |  |  | 8,162 |
Accounts payable, accrued interest and other accrued liabilities |  | (22,235 | ) |  | (5,102 | )
Net cash used in operating activities |  | (256,129 | ) |  | (186,106 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of property and assets |  | 983 |  |  | 232 |
Purchase of property, equipment and other fixed assets and acquisitions |  | (1,172 | ) |  | (1,048 | )
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash related to mortgage company |  | 1,645 |  |  | (376 | )
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures |  | (15,539 | ) |  | (32 | )
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated joint ventures |  | 7,345 |  |  | 6,952 |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |  | (6,738 | ) |  | 5,728 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from mortgages and notes |  | 76,569 |  |  | 64,301 |
Payments related to mortgages and notes |  | (61,858 | ) |  | (35,401 | )
Proceeds from model sale leaseback financing programs |  | 21,301 |  |  | 30,374 |
Payments related to model sale leaseback financing programs |  | (7,960 | ) |  | (10,751 | )
Proceeds from land bank financing programs |  | 4,144 |  |  | 8,666 |
Payments related to land bank financing programs |  | (17,147 | ) |  | (22,484 | )
Proceeds from senior notes |  | 250,000 |  |  | 150,000 |
Payments related to senior notes |  | - |  |  | (22,593 | )
Net proceeds (payments) related to mortgage warehouse lines of credit |  | 6,047 |  |  | (56,355 | )
Deferred financing costs from land bank financing programs and note issuances |  | (6,493 | ) |  | (5,346 | )
Principal payments and debt repurchases |  | (2,062 | ) |  | (4,005 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  | 262,541 |  |  | 96,406 |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  | (326 | ) |  | (83,972 | )
Cash and cash equivalents balance, beginning of period |  | 261,898 |  |  | 329,204 |
Cash and cash equivalents balance, end of period |  | $261,572 |  |  | $245,232 |

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HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In Thousands - Unaudited)

(Continued)

|  | Six Months Ended |
|  | April 30, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest, net of capitalized interest (see Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements) |  | $41,061 |  |  | $43,939 |
Income taxes |  | $819 |  |  | $1,104 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED

1. | Basis of Presentation

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the "Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) has reportable segments consisting of six Homebuilding segments (Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, Southeast, Southwest and West) and the Financial Services segment (see Note 17).

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include our accounts and those of all wholly-owned subsidiaries after elimination of all significant intercompany balances and transactions.

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2014. In the opinion of management, all adjustments for interim periods presented have been made, which include normal recurring accruals and deferrals necessary for a fair presentation of our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and these differences could have a significant impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results which might be expected for a full year. The balance sheet at October 31, 2014 has been derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.

2. | Stock Compensation

For the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, the Company’s total stock-based compensation expense was $3.2 million and $6.7 million ($2.1 million and $4.6 million net of tax), respectively, and $1.5 million and $5.0 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2014, respectively. Included in this total stock-based compensation expense was the vesting of stock options of $0.5 million and $1.4 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, respectively, and $1.0 million and $2.0 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2014, respectively.

3. | Interest

Interest costs incurred, expensed and capitalized were:

|  | Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended April 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Interest capitalized at beginning of period |  | $114,241 |  |  | $107,089 |  |  | $109,158 |  |  | $105,093 |
Plus interest incurred (1) |  | 40,703 |  |  | 36,782 |  |  | 82,175 |  |  | 71,601 |
Less cost of sales interest expensed |  | 12,013 |  |  | 12,407 |  |  | 23,331 |  |  | 21,897 |
Less other interest expensed (2)(3) |  | 23,030 |  |  | 23,472 |  |  | 48,101 |  |  | 46,805 |
Interest capitalized at end of period (4) |  | $119,901 |  |  | $107,992 |  |  | $119,901 |  |  | $107,992 |

(1) | Data does not include interest incurred by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries.

(2) | Other interest expensed includes interest that does not qualify for interest capitalization because our assets that qualify for interest capitalization (inventory under development) do not exceed our debt. Also includes interest on completed homes and land in planning, which does not qualify for capitalization, and therefore, is expensed.

(3) | Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest, is the sum of other interest expensed, as defined above, and interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries adjusted for the change in accrued interest on notes payable, which is calculated as follows:

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|  | Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended April 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Other interest expensed |  | $23,030 |  |  | $23,472 |  |  | $48,101 |  |  | $46,805 |
Interest paid by our mortgage and finance subsidiaries |  | 268 |  |  | 409 |  |  | 676 |  |  | 1,145 |
Increase in accrued interest |  | (8,726 | ) |  | (5,295 | ) |  | (7,716 | ) |  | (4,011 | )
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest |  | $14,572 |  |  | $18,586 |  |  | $41,061 |  |  | $43,939 |

(4) | Capitalized interest amounts are shown gross before allocating any portion of impairments, if any, to capitalized interest.

4. | Reduction of Inventory to Fair Value

We record impairment losses on inventories related to communities under development and held for future development when events and circumstances indicate that they may be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their related carrying amounts. If the expected undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount, then the community is written down to its fair value. We estimate the fair value of each impaired community by determining the present value of the estimated future cash flows at a discount rate commensurate with the risk of the respective community. For the six months ended April 30, 2015, our discount rate used for the impairments recorded ranged from 17.5% to 19.8%. For the six months ended April 30, 2014, no discount rate was used as the one community impaired during the quarter was land held for sale for which a purchase offer price was used to determine the fair value. This land was sold at the offer price in May 2014. Should the estimates or expectations used in determining cash flows or fair value decrease or differ from current estimates in the future, we may need to recognize additional impairments.

During the six months ended April 30, 2015, we evaluated inventories of all 508 communities under development and held for future development for impairment indicators through preparation and review of detailed budgets or other market indicators of impairment. We performed detailed impairment calculations for 15 of those communities (i.e., those with a projected operating loss or other impairment indicators) with an aggregate carrying value of $77.4 million. Of those communities tested for impairment, seven communities with an aggregate carrying value of $33.0 million had undiscounted future cash flows that exceeded the carrying amount by less than 20%. As a result of our impairment analysis, we recorded impairment losses of $3.5 million and $4.4 million, in four and five communities, respectively, with a pre-impairment value of $11.0 million and $16.7 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, respectively, and recorded $0.1 million, in one community with a pre-impairment value of $0.2 million, for both the three and six months ended April 30, 2014, which are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations on the line entitled “Homebuilding: Inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs” and deducted from inventory. The pre-impairment value r epresents the carrying value, net of prior period impairments, if any, at the time of recording the impairment.

The Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations line entitled “Homebuilding: Inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs” also includes write-offs of options and approval, engineering and capitalized interest costs that we record when we redesign communities and/or abandon certain engineering costs and we do not exercise options in various locations because the communities' pro forma profitability is not projected to produce adequate returns on investment commensurate with the risk. Total aggregate write-offs related to these items were $0.8 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $2.1 million and $1.1 million for the six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Occasionally, these write-offs are offset by recovered deposits (sometimes through legal action) that had been written off in a prior period as walk-away costs. Historically, these recoveries have not been significant in comparison to the total costs written off. The number of lots walked away from during the three months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014 were 455 and 894, respectively, and 2,155 and 2,430 during the six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

We decide to mothball (or stop development on) certain communities when we determine that the current performance does not justify further investment at the time. When we decide to mothball a community, the inventory is reclassified on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets from “Sold and unsold homes and lots under development” to “Land and land options held for future development or sale.” During the first half of fiscal 2015, we did not mothball any new communities, or re-activate or sell any communities which were previously mothballed. As of April 30, 2015, the net book value associated with our 45 total mothballed communities was $105.2 million, which was net of impairment charges recorded in prior periods of $412.4 million.

From time to time we enter into option agreements that include specific performance requirements, whereby we are required to purchase a minimum number of lots. Because of our obligation to purchase these lots, for accounting purposes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-20-40-38, we are required to record this inventory on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of April 30, 2015, we had $1.7 million of specific performance options recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to “Consolidated inventory not owned – specific performance options,” with a corresponding liability of $1.7 million recorded to “Liabilities from inventory not owned.”

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We sell and lease back certain of our model homes with the right to participate in the potential profit when each home is sold to a third party at the end of the respective lease. As a result of our continued involvement, for accounting purposes in accordance with ASC 360-20-40-38, these sale and leaseback transactions are considered a financing rather than a sale. Therefore, for purposes of our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, at April 30, 2015, inventory of $83.2 million was recorded to “Consolidated inventory not owned – other options,” with a corresponding amount of $78.2 million recorded to “Liabilities from inventory not owned” for the amount of net cash received from the transactions.

We have land banking arrangements, whereby we sell our land parcels to the land banker and they provide us an option to purchase back finished lots on a quarterly basis. Because of our options to repurchase these parcels, for accounting purposes, in accordance with ASC 360-20-40-38, these transactions are considered a financing rather than a sale. For purposes of our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, at April 30, 2015, inventory of $15.9 million was recorded as “Consolidated inventory not owned – other options,” with a corresponding amount of $11.1 million recorded to “Liabilities from inventory not owned” for the amount of net cash received from the transactions.

5. | Variable Interest Entities

The Company enters into land and lot option purchase contracts to procure land or lots for the construction of homes. Under these contracts, the Company will fund a stated deposit in consideration for the right, but not the obligation, to purchase land or lots at a future point in time with predetermined terms. Under the terms of the option purchase contracts, many of the option deposits are not refundable at the Company's discretion. Under the requirements of ASC 810, certain option purchase contracts may result in the creation of a variable interest in the entity (“VIE”) that owns the land parcel under option.

In compliance with ASC 810, the Company analyzes its option purchase contracts to determine whether the corresponding land sellers are VIEs and, if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary. Although the Company does not have legal title to the underlying land, ASC 810 requires the Company to consolidate a VIE if the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary. In determining whether it is the primary beneficiary, the Company considers, among other things, whether it has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. Such activities would include, among other things, determining or limiting the scope or purpose of the VIE, selling or transferring property owned or controlled by the VIE, or arranging financing for the VIE. The Company also considers whether it has the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE. As a result of its analyses, the Company determined that as of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, it was not the primary beneficiary of any VIEs from which it is purchasing land under option purchase contracts.

We will continue to secure land and lots using options, some of which are with VIEs. Including deposits on our unconsolidated VIEs, at April 30, 2015, we had total cash and letters of credit deposits amounting to $87.2 million to purchase land and lots with a total purchase price of $1.3 billion. The maximum exposure to loss with respect to our land and lot options is limited to the deposits plus any pre-development costs invested in the property, although some deposits are refundable at our request or refundable if certain conditions are not met.

6. | Warranty Costs

General liability insurance for homebuilding companies and their suppliers and subcontractors is very difficult to obtain. The availability of general liability insurance is limited due to a decreased number of insurance companies willing to underwrite for the industry. In addition, those few insurers willing to underwrite liability insurance have significantly increased the premium costs. To date, we have been able to obtain general liability insurance but at higher premium costs with higher deductibles. Our subcontractors and suppliers have advised us that they have also had difficulty obtaining insurance that also provides us coverage. As a result, we have an owner controlled insurance program for certain of our subcontractors whereby the subcontractors pay us an insurance premium (through a reduction of amounts we would otherwise owe such subcontractors for their work on our homes) based on the risk type of the trade. We absorb the liability associated with their work on our homes as part of our overall general liability insurance at no additional cost to us because our existing general liability and construction defect insurance policy and related reserves for amounts under our deductible covers construction defects regardless of whether we or our subcontractors are responsible for the defect. For the six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, we received $1.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively, from subcontractors related to the owner controlled insurance program, which we accounted for as a reduction to inventory.

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We accrue for warranty costs that are covered under our existing general liability and construction defect policy as part of our general liability insurance deductible. This accrual is expensed as selling, general and administrative costs. For homes delivered in fiscal 2015 and 2014, our deductible under our general liability insurance is $20 million per occurrence for construction defect and warranty claims. For bodily injury claims, our deductible per occurrence in fiscal 2015 and 2014 is $0.25 million, up to a $5 million limit. Our aggregate retention in fiscal 2015 and 2014 is $21 million for construction defect, warranty and bodily injury claims. In addition, we establish a warranty accrual for lower cost related issues to cover home repairs, community amenities and land development infrastructure that are not covered under our general liability and construction defect policy. We accrue an estimate for these warranty costs as part of cost of sales at the time each home is closed and title and possession have been transferred to the homebuyer. Additions and charges in the warranty reserve and general liability reserve for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended April 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $181,833 |  |  | $133,077 |  |  | $178,008 |  |  | $131,028 |
Additions – Selling, general and administrative |  | 4,331 |  |  | 4,510 |  |  | 9,580 |  |  | 9,051 |
Additions – Cost of sales |  | 5,635 |  |  | 2,082 |  |  | 8,816 |  |  | 4,128 |
Charges incurred during the period |  | (30,492 | ) |  | (4,804 | ) |  | (35,097 | ) |  | (9,342 | )
Changes to pre-existing reserves |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |
Balance, end of period |  | $161,307 |  |  | $134,865 |  |  | $161,307 |  |  | $134,865 |

Warranty accruals are based upon historical experience. We engage a third-party actuary that uses our historical warranty and construction defect data, worker’s compensation data and other industry data to assist us in estimating our reserves for unpaid claims, claim adjustment expenses and incurred but not reported claims reserves for the risks that we are assuming under the general liability and workers compensation programs. The estimates include provisions for inflation, claims handling, and legal fees.

Insurance claims paid by our insurance carriers, excluding insurance deductibles paid, were $18.1 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $18.3 million and $4.2 million for the six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, for prior year deliveries. During the three months ended April 30, 2015 we settled the D’Andrea class action suit with the majority of the settlement being paid by our insurance carriers. See Note 7 below.

7. | Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

We are involved in litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, none of which is expected to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows, and we are subject to extensive and complex regulations that affect the development and home building, sales and customer financing processes, including zoning, density, building standards and mortgage financing. These regulations often provide broad discretion to the administering governmental authorities. This can delay or increase the cost of development or homebuilding.

We also are subject to a variety of local, state, federal and foreign laws and regulations concerning protection of health and the environment, including those regulating the emission or discharge of materials into the environment, the management of stormwater runoff at construction sites, the handling, use, storage and disposal of hazardous substances, impacts to wetlands and other sensitive environments, and the remediation of contamination at properties that we have owned or developed or currently own or are developing (“environmental laws”). The particular environmental laws that apply to any given community vary greatly according to the community site, the site’s environmental conditions and the present and former uses of the site. These environmental laws may result in delays, may cause us to incur substantial compliance, remediation and/or other costs, and can prohibit or severely restrict development and homebuilding activity. In addition, noncompliance with these laws and regulations could result in fines and penalties, obligations to remediate, permit revocations or other sanctions; and contamination or other environmental conditions at or in the vicinity of our developments may result in claims against us for personal injury, property damage or other losses.

In March 2013, we received a letter from the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) requesting information about our involvement in a housing redevelopment project in Newark, New Jersey that a Company entity undertook during the 1990s. We understand that the development is in the vicinity of a former lead smelter and that recent tests on soil samples from properties within the development conducted by the EPA show elevated levels of lead. We also understand that the smelter ceased operations many years before the Company entity involved acquired the properties in the area and carried out the re-development project. We responded to the EPA’s request. In August 2013, we were notified that the EPA considers us a potentially responsible party (or “PRP”) with respect to the site, that the EPA will clean up the site, and that the EPA is proposing that we fund and/or contribute towards the cleanup of the contamination at the site. We have begun preliminary discussions with the EPA concerning a possible resolution but do not know the scope or extent of the Company’s obligations, if any, that may arise from the site and therefore cannot provide any assurance that this matter will not have a material impact on the Company. The EPA requested additional information in April 2014 and the Company has responded to its information request.

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We anticipate that increasingly stringent requirements will be imposed on developers and homebuilders in the future. Although we cannot reliably predict the extent of any effect these requirements may have on us, they could result in time-consuming and expensive compliance programs and in substantial expenditures, which could cause delays and increase our cost of operations. In addition, our ability to obtain or renew permits or approvals and the continued effectiveness of permits already granted or approvals already obtained is dependent upon many factors, some of which are beyond our control, such as changes in policies, rules and regulations and their interpretations and application.

The Company was also involved in the following litigation: Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. and K. Hovnanian Venture I, L.L.C. (collectively, the “Company Defendants”) were named as defendants in a class action suit. The action was filed by Mike D’Andrea and Tracy D’Andrea, on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated in the Superior Court of New Jersey, Gloucester County. The action was initially filed on May 8, 2006 alleging that the HVAC systems installed in certain of the Company’s homes are in violation of applicable New Jersey building codes and are a potential safety issue. On December 14, 2011, the Superior Court granted class certification; the potential class is 1,065 homes. The Company Defendants filed a request to take an interlocutory appeal regarding the class certification decision. The Appellate Division denied the request, and the Company Defendants filed a request for interlocutory review by the New Jersey Supreme Court, which remanded the case back to the Appellate Division for a review on the merits of the appeal on May 8, 2012. The Appellate Division, on remand, heard oral arguments on December 4, 2012, reviewing the Superior Court’s original finding of class certification. On June 18, 2013, the Appellate Division affirmed class certification. On July 3, 2013, the Company Defendants appealed the June 2013 Appellate Division’s decision to the New Jersey Supreme Court, which elected not to hear the appeal on October 22, 2013. The plaintiff class was seeking unspecified damages as well as treble damages pursuant to the NJ Consumer Fraud Act. The Company Defendants’ motion to consolidate an indemnity action they filed against various manufacturer and sub-contractor defendants to require these parties to participate directly in the class action was denied by the Superior Court; however, the Company Defendants’ separate action seeking indemnification against the various manufacturers and subcontractors implicated by the class action is ongoing. The Company Defendants, the Company Defendants’ insurance carriers and the plaintiff class agreed to the terms of a settlement on May 15, 2014 in which the plaintiff class was to receive a payment of $21 million in settlement of all claims, with the majority of the settlement being funded by the Company Defendants’ insurance carriers. The Company had previously reserved for its share of the settlement. The Superior Court approved the settlement agreement on December 23, 2014, and the judgment became final on February 20, 2015, when no appeal was taken. The settlement amount was paid in full and the class action matter is now concluded.

8. | Restricted Cash and Deposits

Cash represents cash deposited in checking accounts. Cash equivalents include certificates of deposit, Treasury bills and government money–market funds with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased. Our cash balances are held at a few financial institutions and may, at times, exceed insurable amounts. We believe we help to mitigate this risk by depositing our cash in major financial institutions. At April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, $12.7 million and $15.4 million, respectively, of the total cash and cash equivalents was in cash equivalents, the book value of which approximated fair value.

Restricted cash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets totaled $23.6 million and $29.3 million as of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, respectively, which included cash collateralizing our letter of credit agreements and facilities and is discussed in Note 10. Also included in this balance were homebuilding and financial services customers’ deposits of $7.0 million and $14.0 million at April 30, 2015, respectively, and $7.5 million and $15.8 million as of October 31, 2014, respectively, which are restricted from use by us.

Total Homebuilding Customers’ deposits are shown as a liability on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These liabilities are significantly more than the applicable periods’ restricted cash balances because in some states, the deposits are not restricted from use and, in other states, we are able to release the majority of these customer deposits to cash by pledging letters of credit and surety bonds.

9. | Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

Our mortgage banking subsidiary originates mortgage loans, primarily from the sale of our homes. Such mortgage loans are sold in the secondary mortgage market within a short period of time of origination. Mortgage loans held for sale consist primarily of single-family residential loans collateralized by the underlying property. We have elected the fair value option to record loans held for sale and therefore these loans are recorded at fair value with the changes in the value recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in “Revenues: Financial services.” We currently use forward sales of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), interest rate commitments from borrowers and mandatory and/or best efforts forward commitments to sell loans to third-party purchasers to protect us from interest rate fluctuations. These short-term instruments, which do not require any payments to be made to the counterparty or purchaser in connection with the execution of the commitments, are recorded at fair value. Gains and losses on changes in the fair value are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in “Revenues: Financial services.”

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At April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, $86.5 million and $78.6 million, respectively, of mortgages held for sale were pledged against our mortgage warehouse lines of credit (see Note 10). We may incur losses with respect to mortgages that were previously sold that are delinquent and which had underwriting defects, but only to the extent the losses are not covered by mortgage insurance or the resale value of the home. The reserves for these estimated losses are included in the “Financial services – Accounts payable and other liabilities” balances on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of April 30, 2015 and 2014, we had reserves specifically for 131 and 217 identified mortgage loans, respectively, as well as reserves for an estimate for future losses on mortgages sold but not yet identified to us.

The activity in our loan origination reserves during the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended April 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Loan origination reserves, beginning of period |  | $7,981 |  |  | $10,719 |  |  | $7,352 |  |  | $11,036 |
Provisions for losses during the period |  | 68 |  |  | 466 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 867 |
Adjustments to pre-existing provisions for losses from changes in estimates |  | (107 | ) |  | (63 | ) |  | 461 |  |  | (622 | )
Payments/settlements |  | - |  |  | (65 | ) |  | - |  |  | (224 | )
Loan origination reserves, end of period |  | $7,942 |  |  | $11,057 |  |  | $7,942 |  |  | $11,057 |

10. | Mortgage and Notes Payable

We have nonrecourse mortgage loans for certain communities totaling $118.9 million and $103.9 million at April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, respectively, which are secured by the related real property, including any improvements, with an aggregate book value of approximately $321.2 million and $220.1 million, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate on these obligations was 5.0% at both April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, and the mortgage loan payments on each community primarily correspond to home deliveries. We also have nonrecourse mortgage loans on our corporate headquarters totaling $16.1 million and $16.6 million at April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, respectively. These loans had a weighted-average interest rate of 8.7% and 7.0% at April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, respectively. As of April 30, 2015, these loans had installment obligations with annual principal maturities in the years ending October 31 of approximately: $0.6 million in 2015, $1.2 million in 2016, $1.3 million in 2017, $1.4 million in 2018, $1.5 million in 2019 and $10.1 million after 2019.

In June 2013, K. Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (“K. Hovnanian”), as borrower, and we and certain of our subsidiaries, as guarantors, entered into a five-year, $75.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with Citicorp USA, Inc., as administrative agent and issuing bank, and Citibank, N.A., as a lender. The Credit Facility is available for both letters of credit and general corporate purposes. The Credit Facility does not contain any financial maintenance covenants, but does contain certain restrictive covenants that track those contained in our indenture governing the 8.0% Senior Notes due 2019, which are described in Note 11. The Credit Facility also contains certain customary events of default which would permit the administrative agent at the request of the required lenders to, among other things, declare all loans then outstanding to be immediately due and payable if such default is not cured within applicable grace periods, including the failure to make timely payments of amounts payable under the Credit Facility or other material indebtedness or the acceleration of other material indebtedness, the failure to comply with agreements and covenants or for representations or warranties to be correct in all material respects when made, specified events of bankruptcy and insolvency, and the entry of a material judgment against a loan party. Outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility accrue interest at an annual rate equal to either, as selected by K. Hovnanian, (i) the alternate base rate plus the applicable spread determined on the date of such borrowing or (ii) an adjusted London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) rate plus the applicable spread determined as of the date two business days prior to the first day of the interest period for such borrowing. As of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, there were no borrowings and $22.4 million and $26.5 million, respectively, of letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility. As of April 30, 2015, we believe we were in compliance with the covenants under the Credit Facility.

In addition to the Credit Facility, we have certain stand–alone cash collateralized letter of credit agreements and facilities under which there were a total of $2.6 million and $5.5 million letters of credit outstanding at April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, respectively. These agreements and facilities require us to maintain specified amounts of cash as collateral in segregated accounts to support the letters of credit issued thereunder, which will affect the amount of cash we have available for other uses. As of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, the amount of cash collateral in these segregated accounts was $2.6 million and $5.6 million, respectively, which is reflected in “Restricted cash and cash equivalents” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Our wholly owned mortgage banking subsidiary, K. Hovnanian American Mortgage, LLC (“K. Hovnanian Mortgage”), originates mortgage loans primarily from the sale of our homes. Such mortgage loans and related servicing rights are sold in the secondary mortgage market within a short period of time. In certain instances, we retain the servicing rights for a small amount of loans. Our secured Master Repurchase Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“Chase Master Repurchase Agreement”), which was amended on January 30, 2015, is a short-term borrowing facility that provides up to $50.0 million through January 30, 2016. The loan is secured by the mortgages held for sale and is repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. Interest is payable monthly on outstanding advances at an adjusted LIBOR rate, which was 0.18% at April 30, 2015, plus the applicable margin of 2.75%. Therefore, at April 30, 2015, the interest rate was 2.93%. As of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, the aggregate principal amount of all borrowings outstanding under the Chase Master Repurchase Agreement was $31.9 million and $25.5 million, respectively.

K. Hovnanian Mortgage has another secured Master Repurchase Agreement with Customers Bank (“Customers Master Repurchase Agreement”), which was amended on February 19, 2015 to extend the maturity date to February 18, 2016, that is a short-term borrowing facility that provides up to $37.5 million through maturity. The loan is secured by the mortgages held for sale and is repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. Interest is payable daily or as loans are sold to permanent investors on outstanding advances at the current LIBOR, plus the applicable margin ranging from 2.75% to 5.25% based on the takeout investor, type of loan, and the number of days on the warehouse line. As of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, the aggregate principal amount of all borrowings outstanding under the Customers Master Repurchase Agreement was $27.2 million and $20.4 million, respectively.

K. Hovnanian Mortgage has a third secured Master Repurchase Agreement with Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Capital LLC (“Credit Suisse Master Repurchase Agreement”), which was last amended on November 17, 2014, that is a short-term borrowing facility that provides up to $50.0 million through October 27, 2015. The facility also provides an additional $30.0 million which can be used between 10 calendar days prior to the end of a fiscal quarter through the 45th calendar day after a fiscal quarter end; provided that the amount outstanding may not exceed $50.0 million outside of this date range. The loan is secured by the mortgages held for sale and is repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. Interest is payable monthly on outstanding advances at the Credit Suisse Cost of Funds, which was 0.47% at April 30, 2015, plus the applicable margin ranging from 2.25% to 2.75% based on the takeout investor, type of loan and the number of days outstanding. As of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, the aggregate principal amount of all borrowings outstanding under the Credit Suisse Master Repurchase Agreement was $11.0 million and $19.7 million, respectively.

In February 2014, K. Hovnanian Mortgage executed a secured Master Repurchase Agreement with Comerica Bank (“Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement”), which was amended on December 30, 2014 to extend the maturity date to December 29, 2015, that is a short-term borrowing facility that provides up to $35.0 million through maturity. The loan is secured by the mortgages held for sale and is repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. Interest is payable monthly at LIBOR, subject to a floor of 0.25%, plus the applicable margin of 2.625%. As of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, the interest rate was 2.875% and the aggregate principal amount of all borrowings outstanding under the Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement was $12.8 million and $11.3 million, respectively.

The Chase Master Repurchase Agreement, Customers Master Repurchase Agreement, Credit Suisse Master Repurchase Agreement and Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement (together, the “Master Repurchase Agreements”) require K. Hovnanian Mortgage to satisfy and maintain specified financial ratios and other financial condition tests. Because of the extremely short period of time mortgages are held by K. Hovnanian Mortgage before the mortgages are sold to investors (generally a period of a few weeks), the immateriality to us on a consolidated basis of the size of the Master Repurchase Agreements, the levels required by these financial covenants, our ability based on our immediately available resources to contribute sufficient capital to cure any default, were such conditions to occur, and our right to cure any conditions of default based on the terms of the agreement, we do not consider any of these covenants to be substantive or material. As of April 30, 2015, we believe we were in compliance with the covenants under the Master Repurchase Agreements.

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11. | Senior Secured, Senior, Senior Amortizing and Senior Exchangeable Notes

Senior Secured, Senior, Senior Amortizing and Senior Exchangeable Notes balances as of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, were as follows:

(In thousands) |  | April 30, 2015 |  |  | October 31, 2014 |
Senior Secured Notes: |  |  |  |  |  |
7.25% Senior Secured First Lien Notes due October 15, 2020 |  | $577,000 |  |  | $577,000 |
9.125% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due November 15, 2020 |  | 220,000 |  |  | 220,000 |
2.0% Senior Secured Notes due November 1, 2021 (net of discount) |  | 53,133 |  |  | 53,129 |
5.0% Senior Secured Notes due November 1, 2021 (net of discount) |  | 130,496 |  |  | 129,806 |
Total Senior Secured Notes |  | $980,629 |  |  | $979,935 |
Senior Notes: |  |  |  |  |  |
11.875% Senior Notes due October 15, 2015 (net of discount) |  | 60,620 |  |  | 60,414 |
6.25% Senior Notes due January 15, 2016 (net of discount) |  | 172,656 |  |  | 172,483 |
7.5% Senior Notes due May 15, 2016 |  | 86,532 |  |  | 86,532 |
8.625% Senior Notes due January 15, 2017 |  | 121,043 |  |  | 121,043 |
7.0% Senior Notes due January 15, 2019 |  | 150,000 |  |  | 150,000 |
8.0% Senior Notes due November 1, 2019 |  | 250,000 |  |  | - |
Total Senior Notes |  | $840,851 |  |  | $590,472 |
11.0% Senior Amortizing Notes due December 1, 2017 |  | $14,987 |  |  | $17,049 |
Senior Exchangeable Notes due December 1, 2017 |  | $71,913 |  |  | $70,101 |

Except for K. Hovnanian, the issuer of the notes, our home mortgage subsidiaries, joint ventures and subsidiaries holding interests in our joint ventures, certain of our title insurance subsidiaries and our foreign subsidiary, we and each of our subsidiaries are guarantors of the senior secured, senior, senior amortizing and senior exchangeable notes outstanding at April 30, 2015 (see Note 21). In addition, the 5.0% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 (the “5.0% 2021 Notes”) and the 2.0% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 (the “2.0% 2021 Notes” and together with the 5.0% 2021 Notes, the “2021 Notes”) are guaranteed by K. Hovnanian JV Holdings, L.L.C. and its subsidiaries except for certain joint ventures and joint venture holding companies (collectively, the “Secured Group”). Members of the Secured Group do not guarantee K. Hovnanian's other indebtedness.

The indentures governing the notes do not contain any financial maintenance covenants, but do contain restrictive covenants that limit, among other things, the Company’s ability and that of certain of its subsidiaries, including K. Hovnanian, to incur additional indebtedness (other than certain permitted indebtedness, refinancing indebtedness and nonrecourse indebtedness), pay dividends and make distributions on common and preferred stock, repurchase subordinated indebtedness (with respect to certain of the senior secured and senior notes), make other restricted payments, make investments, sell certain assets, incur liens, consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all assets, and enter into certain transactions with affiliates. The indentures also contain events of default which would permit the holders of the notes to declare the notes to be immediately due and payable if not cured within applicable grace periods, including the failure to make timely payments on the notes or other material indebtedness, the failure to comply with agreements and covenants and specified events of bankruptcy and insolvency and, with respect to the indentures governing the senior secured notes, the failure of the documents granting security for the senior secured notes to be in full force and effect, and the failure of the liens on any material portion of the collateral securing the senior secured notes to be valid and perfected. As of April 30, 2015, we believe we were in compliance with the covenants of the indentures governing our outstanding notes.

Under the terms of the indentures, we have the right to make certain redemptions and, depending on market conditions and covenant restrictions, may do so from time to time. We also continue to evaluate our capital structure and may also continue to make debt purchases and/or exchanges for debt or equity from time to time through tender offers, open market purchases, private transactions, or otherwise, or seek to raise additional debt or equity capital, depending on market conditions and covenant restrictions.

If our consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, as defined in the indentures governing our senior secured and senior notes (other than the senior exchangeable notes discussed in Note 12 below), is less than 2.0 to 1.0, we are restricted from making certain payments, including dividends, and from incurring indebtedness other than certain permitted indebtedness, refinancing indebtedness, and nonrecourse indebtedness. As a result of this restriction, we are currently restricted from paying dividends, which are not cumulative, on our 7.625% Series A Preferred Stock. We anticipate that we will continue to be restricted from paying dividends for the foreseeable future. Our inability to pay dividends is in accordance with covenant restrictions and will not result in a default under our debt instruments or otherwise affect compliance with any of the covenants contained in our debt instruments.

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The 7.25% Senior Secured First Lien Notes due 2020 (the “First Lien Notes”) are secured by a first-priority lien and the 9.125% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due 2020 (the “Second Lien Notes” and, together with the First Lien Notes, the “2020 Secured Notes”) are secured by a second-priority lien, in each case, subject to permitted liens and other exceptions, on substantially all the assets owned by us, K. Hovnanian and the guarantors of such notes. At April 30, 2015, the aggregate book value of the real property that constituted collateral securing the 2020 Secured Notes was approximately $786.2 million, which does not include the impact of inventory investments, home deliveries, or impairments thereafter and which may differ from the value if it were appraised. In addition, cash and cash equivalents collateral that secured the 2020 Secured Notes was $221.1 million as of April 30, 2015, which included $2.6 million of restricted cash collateralizing certain letters of credit. Subsequent to such date, cash uses include general business operations and real estate and other investments.

The guarantees with respect to the 2021 Notes of the Secured Group are secured, subject to permitted liens and other exceptions, by a first-priority lien on substantially all of the assets of the members of the Secured Group. As of April 30, 2015, the collateral securing the guarantees included (1) $38.3 million of cash and cash equivalents (subsequent to such date, cash uses include general business operations and real estate and other investments); (2) approximately $141.0 million aggregate book value of real property of the Secured Group, which does not include the impact of inventory investments, home deliveries or impairments thereafter and which may differ from the value if it were appraised, and (3) equity interests in guarantors that are members of the Secured Group. Members of the Secured Group also own equity in joint ventures, either directly or indirectly through ownership of joint venture holding companies, with a book value of $66.7 million as of April 30, 2015; this equity is not pledged to secure, and is not collateral for, the 2021 Notes. Members of the Secured Group are “unrestricted subsidiaries” under K. Hovnanian's other senior notes and senior secured notes, and thus have not guaranteed such indebtedness.

On January 10, 2014, K. Hovnanian issued $150.0 million aggregate principle amount of 7.0% Senior Notes due 2019, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $147.8 million. The notes are redeemable in whole or in part at our option at any time prior to July 15, 2016 at 100% of their principal amount plus an applicable “Make-Whole Amount.” We may also redeem some or all of the notes at 103.5% of principal commencing July 15, 2016, at 101.75% of principal commencing January 15, 2017 and 100% of principal commencing January 15, 2018. In addition, we may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes prior to July 15, 2016 with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at 107.0% of principal. We used a portion of the net proceeds to fund the redemption on February 9, 2014 (effected on February 10, 2014 which was the next business day after the redemption date) of the remaining outstanding principal amount ($21.4 million) of our 6.25% Senior Notes due 2015. The redemption resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.2 million, net of the write-off of unamortized fees, and was included in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations as “Loss on extinguishment of debt” in the second quarter of fiscal 2014. The remaining net proceeds from the offering were used to pay related fees and expenses and for general corporate purposes.

On November 5, 2014, K. Hovnanian issued $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.0% Senior Notes due 2019, resulting in net proceeds of $245.7 million. These proceeds were used for general corporate purposes. The notes will mature on November 1, 2019. The notes are redeemable in whole or in part at K. Hovnanian’s option at any time prior to August 1, 2019 at a redemption price equal to 100% of their principal amount plus an applicable “Make-Whole Amount.” At any time and from time to time on or after August 1, 2019, K. Hovnanian may also redeem some or all of the notes to a redemption price equal to 100% of their principal amount.

12. | Senior Exchangeable Notes

On October 2, 2012, the Company and K. Hovnanian issued $100,000,000 aggregate stated amount of 6.0% Exchangeable Note Units (the “Units”) (equivalent to 100,000 Units). Each $1,000 stated amount of Units initially consists of (1) a zero coupon senior exchangeable note due December 1, 2017 (a “Senior Exchangeable Note”) issued by K. Hovnanian, which bears no cash interest and has an initial principal amount of $768.51 per Senior Exchangeable Note, and that will accrete to $1,000 at maturity and (2) a senior amortizing note due December 1, 2017 (a “Senior Amortizing Note”) issued by K. Hovnanian, which has an initial principal amount of $231.49 per Senior Amortizing Note, bears interest at a rate of 11.0% per annum, and has a final installment payment date of December 1, 2017. Each Unit may be separated into its constituent Senior Exchangeable Note and Senior Amortizing Note after the initial issuance date of the Units, and the separate components may be combined to create a Unit.

Each Senior Exchangeable Note had an initial principal amount of $768.51 (which will accrete to $1,000 over the term of the Senior Exchangeable Note at an annual rate of 5.17% from the date of issuance, calculated on a semi-annual bond equivalent yield basis). Holders may exchange their Senior Exchangeable Notes at their option at any time prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the business day immediately preceding December 1, 2017. Each Senior Exchangeable Note will be exchangeable for shares of Class A Common Stock at an initial exchange rate of 185.5288 shares of Class A Common Stock per Senior Exchangeable Note (equivalent to an initial exchange price, based on $1,000 principal amount at maturity, of approximately $5.39 per share of Class A Common Stock). The exchange rate will be subject to adjustment in certain events. If certain corporate events occur prior to the maturity date, the Company will increase the applicable exchange rate for any holder who elects to exchange its Senior Exchangeable Notes in connection with such corporate event. In addition, holders of Senior Exchangeable Notes will also have the right to require K. Hovnanian to repurchase such holders’ Senior Exchangeable Notes upon the occurrence of certain of these corporate events. As of April 30, 2015, 18,305 Senior Exchangeable Notes have been converted into 3.4 million shares of our Class A Common Stock, all of which were converted during the first quarter of fiscal 2013.

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On each June 1 and December 1 (each, an “installment payment date”), K. Hovnanian will pay holders of Senior Amortizing Notes equal semi-annual cash installments of $30.00 per Senior Amortizing Note (except for the June 1, 2013 installment payment, which was $39.83 per Senior Amortizing Note), which cash payment in the aggregate will be equivalent to 6.0% per year with respect to each $1,000 stated amount of Units. Each installment will constitute a payment of interest (at a rate of 11.0% per annum) and a partial repayment of principal on the Senior Amortizing Note. Following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date, holders of the Senior Amortizing Notes will have the right to require K. Hovnanian to repurchase such holders’ Senior Amortizing Notes.

13. | Per Share Calculation

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) (the “numerator”) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for nonvested shares of restricted stock (the “denominator”) for the period. The basic weighted–average number of shares for the three and six months ended April 30, 2014 included 6.1 million shares related to Purchase Contracts (issued as part of our then outstanding 7.25% Tangible Equity Units) which shares were issued upon settlement of the Purchase Contracts in February 2014. Computing diluted earnings per share is similar to computing basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the dilutive effects of options and nonvested shares of restricted stock, as well as common shares issuable upon exchange of our Senior Exchangeable Notes issued as part of our 6.0% Exchangeable Note Units. Any options that have an exercise price greater than the average market price are considered to be anti-dilutive and are excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation.

All outstanding nonvested shares that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents that participate in undistributed earnings with common stock are considered participating securities and are included in computing earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends or dividend equivalents and participation rights in undistributed earnings in periods when we have net income. The Company’s restricted common stock (“nonvested shares”) are considered participating securities.

Incremental shares attributed to nonvested stock and outstanding options to purchase common stock of 0.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2015, and 0.9 million and 1.0 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2014, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because we had a net loss for the period, and any incremental shares would not be dilutive. There were no incremental shares attributed to nonvested stock and outstanding options to purchase common stock for the three months ended April 30, 2015. Also, for both the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, 15.2 million shares of common stock issuable upon the exchange of our Senior Exchangeable Notes (which were issued in fiscal 2012) were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because we had net losses for the periods.

In addition, shares related to out-of-the money stock options that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share were 3.3 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, and 2.2 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2014, because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented.

14. | Preferred Stock

On July 12, 2005, we issued 5,600 shares of 7.625% Series A Preferred Stock, with a liquidation preference of $25,000 per share. Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock are not cumulative and are paid at an annual rate of 7.625%. The Series A Preferred Stock is not convertible into the Company’s common stock and is redeemable in whole or in part at our option at the liquidation preference of the shares. The Series A Preferred Stock is traded as depositary shares, with each depositary share representing 1/1000th of a share of Series A Preferred Stock. The depositary shares are listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “HOVNP.” During the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, we did not pay any dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock due to covenant restrictions in our debt instruments.

15. | Common Stock

Each share of Class A Common Stock entitles its holder to one vote per share, and each share of Class B Common Stock generally entitles its holder to ten votes per share. The amount of any regular cash dividend payable on a share of Class A Common Stock will be an amount equal to 110% of the corresponding regular cash dividend payable on a share of Class B Common Stock. If a shareholder desires to sell shares of Class B Common Stock, such stock must be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock.

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On August 4, 2008, our Board of Directors adopted a shareholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”) designed to preserve shareholder value and the value of certain tax assets primarily associated with net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards and built-in losses under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. Our ability to use NOLs and built-in losses would be limited if there was an “ownership change” under Section 382. This would occur if shareholders owning (or deemed under Section 382 to own) 5% or more of our stock increase their collective ownership of the aggregate amount of our outstanding shares by more than 50 percentage points over a defined period of time. The Rights Plan was adopted to reduce the likelihood of an “ownership change” occurring as defined by Section 382. Under the Rights Plan, one right was distributed for each share of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock outstanding as of the close of business on August 15, 2008. Effective August 15, 2008, if any person or group acquires 4.9% or more of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock without the approval of the Board of Directors, there would be a triggering event causing significant dilution in the voting power of such person or group. However, existing stockholders who owned, at the time of the Rights Plan’s adoption, 4.9% or more of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock will trigger a dilutive event only if they acquire additional shares. The approval of the Board of Directors’ decision to adopt the Rights Plan may be terminated by the Board of Directors at any time, prior to the Rights being triggered. The Rights Plan will continue in effect until August 15, 2018, unless it expires earlier in accordance with its terms. The approval of the Board of Directors’ decision to adopt the Rights Plan was submitted to a stockholder vote and approved at a special meeting of stockholders held on December 5, 2008. Also at the Special Meeting on December 5, 2008, our stockholders approved an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to restrict certain transfers of Class A Common Stock in order to preserve the tax treatment of our NOLs and built-in losses under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. Subject to certain exceptions pertaining to pre-existing 5% stockholders and Class B stockholders, the transfer restrictions in the amended Certificate of Incorporation generally restrict any direct or indirect transfer (such as transfers of our stock that result from the transfer of interests in other entities that own our stock) if the effect would be to (i) increase the direct or indirect ownership of our stock by any person (or public group) from less than 5% to 5% or more of our common stock; (ii) increase the percentage of our common stock owned directly or indirectly by a person (or public group) owning or deemed to own 5% or more of our common stock; or (iii) create a new public group. Transfers included under the transfer restrictions include sales to persons (or public groups) whose resulting percentage ownership (direct or indirect) of common stock would exceed the 5% thresholds discussed above, or to persons whose direct or indirect ownership of common stock would by attribution cause another person (or public group) to exceed such threshold.

On July 3, 2001, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to purchase up to 4 million shares of Class A Common Stock. There were no shares purchased during the three and six months ended April 30, 2015. As of April 30, 2015, the maximum number of shares of Class A Common Stock that may yet be purchased under this program is 0.5 million.

16. | Income Taxes

The total income tax benefit of $9.9 million and $15.2 million recognized for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, respectively, was primarily due to deferred taxes partially offset by state tax expenses and state tax reserves for uncertain tax positions. The total income tax expense of $0.6 million and $1.2 million recognized for the three and six months ended April 30, 2014, respectively, was primarily due to various state tax expenses and state tax reserves for uncertain tax positions.

Deferred federal and state income tax assets primarily represent the deferred tax benefits arising from temporary differences between book and tax income which will be recognized in future years as an offset against future taxable income. If the combination of future years’ income (or loss) and the reversal of the timing differences results in a loss, such losses can be carried forward to future years. In accordance with ASC 740, we evaluate our deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required. ASC 740 requires that companies assess whether valuation allowances should be established based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard.

As of October 31, 2014, and again at April 30, 2015, we concluded that it was more likely than not that a substantial amount of our deferred tax assets (“DTA”) would be utilized. This conclusion was based on a detailed evaluation of all relevant evidence, both positive and negative. The positive evidence included factors such as positive earnings for the last two full fiscal years and the expectation of earnings going forward over the long term and evidence of a sustained recovery in the housing markets in which we operate. Such evidence is supported by significant increases in key financial indicators over the last few years, including new orders, revenues, backlog, community count and deliveries compared with the prior years. Economic data has also been affirming the housing market recovery. Housing starts, homebuilding volume and prices are increasing and forecasted to continue to increase. Historically low mortgage rates, affordable home prices, reduced foreclosures and a favorable home ownership to rental comparison are key factors in the recovery.

Potentially offsetting this positive evidence, we are currently in a three year cumulative loss position as of April 30, 2015. As per ASC 740, cumulative losses are one of the most objectively verifiable forms of negative evidence. Thus, an entity that has suffered cumulative losses in recent years may find it difficult to support an assertion that a DTA could be realized if such an assertion is based on forecasts of future profitable results rather than an actual return to profitability. In other words, an entity that has cumulative losses generally should not use an estimate of future earnings to support a conclusion that realization of an existing DTA is more likely than not if such a forecast is not based on objectively verifiable information. An objectively verifiable estimate of future income in that instance would be based on operating results from the reporting entity's recent history.

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We determined that the positive evidence noted above, including our two fiscal years of sustained operating profitability, outweighed the existing negative evidence and because of our current backlog, we expect to be in a three year cumulative income position by the end of fiscal 2015. Given that ASC 740 suggests using recent historical operating results in the instance where a three year cumulative loss position still exists, we used our recent historical profit levels in projecting our pretax income over the future years in assessing the utilization of our existing DTAs. Therefore, we concluded that it is more likely than not that we will realize a substantial portion of our DTAs, and that a full valuation allowance is not necessary. This analysis resulted in a partial reversal equal to $285.1 million of our valuation allowance against DTAs at October 31, 2014, leaving a remaining valuation allowance of $642.0 million at October 31, 2014. Our valuation allowance for deferred taxes amounted to $642.5 million at April 30, 2015.

17. | Operating and Reporting Segments

Our operating segments are components of our business for which discrete financial information is available and reviewed regularly by the chief operating decision maker, our Chief Executive Officer, to evaluate performance and make operating decisions. Based on this criteria, each of our communities qualifies as an operating segment, and therefore, it is impractical to provide segment disclosures for this many segments. As such, we have aggregated the homebuilding operating segments into six reportable segments.

Our homebuilding operating segments are aggregated into reportable segments based primarily upon geographic proximity, similar regulatory environments, land acquisition characteristics and similar methods used to construct and sell homes. Our reportable segments consist of the following six homebuilding segments and a financial services segment:

Homebuilding:

(1) Northeast (New Jersey and Pennsylvania)

(2) Mid-Atlantic (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Washington D.C. and West Virginia)

(3) Midwest (Illinois, Minnesota and Ohio)

(4) Southeast (Florida, Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina)

(5) Southwest (Arizona and Texas)

(6) West (California)

Financial Services

Operations of the Company’s Homebuilding segments primarily include the sale and construction of single-family attached and detached homes, attached townhomes and condominiums, urban infill and active adult homes in planned residential developments. In addition, from time to time, operations of the homebuilding segments include sales of land. Operations of the Company’s Financial Services segment include mortgage banking and title services provided to the homebuilding operations’ customers. We do not typically retain or service mortgages that we originate but rather sell the mortgages and related servicing rights to investors.

Corporate and unallocated primarily represents operations at our headquarters in Red Bank, New Jersey. This includes our executive offices, information services, human resources, corporate accounting, training, treasury, process redesign, internal audit, construction services, and administration of insurance, quality and safety. It also includes interest income and interest expense resulting from interest incurred that cannot be capitalized in inventory in the Homebuilding segments, as well as the gains or losses on extinguishment of debt from debt repurchases or exchanges.

Evaluation of segment performance is based primarily on operating earnings from continuing operations before provision for income taxes (“Income (loss) before income taxes”). Income (loss) before income taxes for the Homebuilding segments consist of revenues generated from the sales of homes and land, income (loss) from unconsolidated entities, management fees and other income, less the cost of homes and land sold, selling, general and administrative expenses, interest expense and non-controlling interest expense. Income before income taxes for the Financial Services segment consist of revenues generated from mortgage financing, title insurance and closing services, less the cost of such services and certain selling, general and administrative expenses incurred by the Financial Services segment.

Operational results of each segment are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have occurred had the segment been an independent stand-alone entity during the periods presented.

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Financial information relating to the Company’s segment operations was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended April 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Northeast |  | $39,274 |  |  | $65,745 |  |  | $90,004 |  |  | $118,998 |
Mid-Atlantic |  | 76,777 |  |  | 68,735 |  |  | 157,962 |  |  | 129,255 |
Midwest |  | 73,256 |  |  | 48,703 |  |  | 137,695 |  |  | 92,461 |
Southeast |  | 49,275 |  |  | 52,023 |  |  | 87,169 |  |  | 91,164 |
Southwest |  | 190,427 |  |  | 164,633 |  |  | 357,614 |  |  | 293,210 |
West |  | 27,522 |  |  | 40,708 |  |  | 60,715 |  |  | 71,458 |
Total homebuilding |  | 456,531 |  |  | 440,547 |  |  | 891,159 |  |  | 796,546 |
Financial services |  | 12,457 |  |  | 9,412 |  |  | 23,579 |  |  | 17,506 |
Corporate and unallocated |  | (39 | ) |  | (30 | ) |  | (75 | ) |  | (75 | )
Total revenues |  | $468,949 |  |  | $449,929 |  |  | $914,663 |  |  | $813,977 |
(Loss) income before income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Northeast |  | $(3,812 | ) |  | $(2,759 | ) |  | $(6,965 | ) |  | $(8,820 | )
Mid-Atlantic |  | (178 | ) |  | 2,462 |  |  | 4,999 |  |  | 4,375 |
Midwest |  | 1,210 |  |  | 3,361 |  |  | 4,921 |  |  | 5,716 |
Southeast |  | (1,202 | ) |  | 3,315 |  |  | (2,358 | ) |  | 4,746 |
Southwest |  | 14,022 |  |  | 15,676 |  |  | 25,347 |  |  | 26,081 |
West |  | (8,963 | ) |  | 2,097 |  |  | (11,336 | ) |  | 1,738 |
Homebuilding income before income taxes |  | 1,077 |  |  | 24,152 |  |  | 14,608 |  |  | 33,836 |
Financial services |  | 4,949 |  |  | 2,705 |  |  | 8,754 |  |  | 4,127 |
Corporate and unallocated |  | (35,507 | ) |  | (34,155 | ) |  | (72,523 | ) |  | (69,151 | )
Loss before income taxes |  | $(29,481 | ) |  | $(7,298 | ) |  | $(49,161 | ) |  | $(31,188 | )

(In thousands) |  | April 30, 2015 |  |  | October 31, 2014 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Northeast |  | $313,252 |  |  | $315,573 |
Mid-Atlantic |  | 345,473 |  |  | 313,494 |
Midwest |  | 185,958 |  |  | 169,967 |
Southeast |  | 202,738 |  |  | 148,096 |
Southwest |  | 445,760 |  |  | 410,756 |
West |  | 221,822 |  |  | 143,245 |
Total homebuilding |  | 1,715,003 |  |  | 1,501,131 |
Financial services |  | 127,301 |  |  | 120,343 |
Corporate and unallocated |  | 674,690 |  |  | 668,456 |
Total assets |  | $2,516,994 |  |  | $2,289,930 |

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18. | Investments in Unconsolidated Homebuilding and Land Development Joint Ventures

We enter into homebuilding and land development joint ventures from time to time as a means of accessing lot positions, expanding our market opportunities, establishing strategic alliances, managing our risk profile, leveraging our capital base and enhancing returns on capital. Our homebuilding joint ventures are generally entered into with third-party investors to develop land and construct homes that are sold directly to third-party home buyers. Our land development joint ventures include those entered into with developers and other homebuilders as well as financial investors to develop finished lots for sale to the joint venture’s members or other third parties.

The tables set forth below summarize the combined financial information related to our unconsolidated homebuilding and land development joint ventures that are accounted for under the equity method.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 30, 2015 |
|  | Homebuilding |  |  | Land Development |  |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $17,682 |  |  | $122 |  |  | $17,804 |
Inventories |  | 306,132 |  |  | 14,550 |  |  | 320,682 |
Other assets |  | 9,132 |  |  | - |  |  | 9,132 |
Total assets |  | $332,946 |  |  | $14,672 |  |  | $347,618 |
Liabilities and equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | $23,428 |  |  | $584 |  |  | $24,012 |
Notes payable |  | 91,397 |  |  | 4,915 |  |  | 96,312 |
Total liabilities |  | 114,825 |  |  | 5,499 |  |  | 120,324 |
Equity of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. |  | 66,691 |  |  | 3,014 |  |  | 69,705 |
Others |  | 151,430 |  |  | 6,159 |  |  | 157,589 |
Total equity |  | 218,121 |  |  | 9,173 |  |  | 227,294 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $332,946 |  |  | $14,672 |  |  | $347,618 |
Debt to capitalization ratio |  | 30 | % |  | 35 | % |  | 30 | %

(Dollars in thousands) |  | October 31, 2014 |
|  | Homebuilding |  |  | Land Development |  |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $22,415 |  |  | $205 |  |  | $22,620 |
Inventories |  | 208,620 |  |  | 16,194 |  |  | 224,814 |
Other assets |  | 11,986 |  |  | - |  |  | 11,986 |
Total assets |  | $243,021 |  |  | $16,399 |  |  | $259,420 |
Liabilities and equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | $27,175 |  |  | $1,039 |  |  | $28,214 |
Notes payable |  | 45,506 |  |  | 5,650 |  |  | 51,156 |
Total liabilities |  | 72,681 |  |  | 6,689 |  |  | 79,370 |
Equity of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. |  | 59,106 |  |  | 2,990 |  |  | 62,096 |
Others |  | 111,234 |  |  | 6,720 |  |  | 117,954 |
Total equity |  | 170,340 |  |  | 9,710 |  |  | 180,050 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $243,021 |  |  | $16,399 |  |  | $259,420 |
Debt to capitalization ratio |  | 21 | % |  | 37 | % |  | 22 | %

As of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, we had advances outstanding of approximately $0.8 million and $1.8 million, respectively, to these unconsolidated joint ventures, which were included in the “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities” balances in the tables above. On our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, our “Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures” amounted to $70.6 million and $63.9 million at April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, respectively.

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|  | For the Three Months Ended April 30, 2015 |
(In thousands) |  | Homebuilding |  |  | Land Development |  |  | Total |
Revenues |  | $ | 27,648 |  |  | $ | 1,483 |  |  | $ | 29,131 |
Cost of sales and expenses |  |  | (29,258 | ) |  |  | (1,722 | ) |  |  | (30,980 | )
Joint venture net loss |  | $ | (1,610 | ) |  | $ | (239 | ) |  | $ | (1,849 | )
Our share of net income (loss) |  | $ | 1,465 |  |  | $ | (119 | ) |  | $ | 1,346 |

|  | For the Three Months Ended April 30, 2014 |
(In thousands) |  | Homebuilding |  |  | Land Development |  |  | Total |
Revenues |  | $ | 33,746 |  |  | $ | 3,355 |  |  | $ | 37,101 |
Cost of sales and expenses |  |  | (31,644 | ) |  |  | (3,466 | ) |  |  | (35,110 | )
Joint venture net income (loss) |  | $ | 2,102 |  |  | $ | (111 | ) |  | $ | 1,991 |
Our share of net income (loss) |  | $ | 1,030 |  |  | $ | (55 | ) |  | $ | 975 |

|  | For the Six Months Ended April 30, 2015 |
(In thousands) |  | Homebuilding |  |  | Land Development |  |  | Total |
Revenues |  | $ | 64,774 |  |  | $ | 2,615 |  |  | $ | 67,389 |
Cost of sales and expenses |  |  | (59,117 | ) |  |  | (2,807 | ) |  |  | (61,924 | )
Joint venture net income (loss) |  | $ | 5,657 |  |  | $ | (192 | ) |  | $ | 5,465 |
Our share of net income (loss) |  | $ | 2,932 |  |  | $ | (96 | ) |  | $ | 2,836 |

|  | For the Six Months Ended April 30, 2014 |
(In thousands) |  | Homebuilding |  |  | Land Development |  |  | Total |
Revenues |  | $ | 85,019 |  |  | $ | 5,269 |  |  | $ | 90,288 |
Cost of sales and expenses |  |  | (77,725 | ) |  |  | (5,085 | ) |  |  | (82,810 | )
Joint venture net income |  | $ | 7,294 |  |  | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | 7,478 |
Our share of net income |  | $ | 3,577 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 3,669 |

“Income from unconsolidated joint ventures” is reflected as a separate line in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and reflects our proportionate share of the income or loss of these unconsolidated homebuilding and land development joint ventures. The difference between our share of the income or loss from these unconsolidated joint ventures in the tables above compared to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, is due primarily to the reclassification of the intercompany portion of management fee income from certain joint ventures and the deferral of income for lots purchased by us from certain joint ventures. To compensate us for the administrative services we provide as the manager of certain joint ventures, we receive a management fee based on a percentage of the applicable joint venture’s revenues. These management fees, which totaled $1.2 million and $1.6 million, for the three months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $2.4 million and $3.7 million for the six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, are recorded in “Homebuilding: Selling, general and administrative” on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

In determining whether or not we must consolidate joint ventures that we manage, we assess whether the other partners have specific rights to overcome the presumption of control by us as the manager of the joint venture. In most cases, the presumption is overcome because the joint venture agreements require that both partners agree on establishing the operations and capital decisions of the partnership, including budgets in the ordinary course of business.

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Typically, our unconsolidated joint ventures obtain separate project specific mortgage financing. The amount of financing is generally targeted to be no more than 50% of the joint venture’s total assets. For some of our joint ventures, obtaining financing was challenging, therefore, some of our joint ventures are capitalized only with equity. Including the impact of impairments recorded by the joint ventures, the total debt to capitalization ratio of all our joint ventures is currently 30%. Any joint venture financing is on a nonrecourse basis, with guarantees from us limited only to performance and completion of development, environmental warranties and indemnification, standard indemnification for fraud, misrepresentation and other similar actions, including a voluntary bankruptcy filing. In some instances, the joint venture entity is considered a VIE under ASC 810-10 “Consolidation – Overall” due to the returns being capped to the equity holders; however, in these instances, we have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary, and therefore we do not consolidate these entities.

19. | Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-04, “Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors,” which clarifies when an in substance repossession or foreclosure of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan has occurred. By doing so, this guidance helps determine when the creditor should derecognize the loan receivable and recognize the real estate property. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning November 1, 2015 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606), (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 requires entities to recognize revenue that represents the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount equivalent to the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The following steps should be applied to determine this amount: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASU 605, “Revenue Recognition”, and most industry-specific guidance in the Accounting Standards Codification. The FASB has tentatively decided to defer for one year the effective date of ASU 2014-09, which would make the guidance effective for the Company beginning November 1, 2018. Additionally, the FASB also tentatively decided to permit entities to early adopt the standard, which allows for either full retrospective or modified retrospective methods of adoption, for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-11, "Repurchase-to-Maturity Transactions, Repurchase Financings, and Disclosures” (“ASU 2014-11”), which makes limited amendments to ASC 860, "Transfers and Servicing." ASU 2014-11 requires entities to account for repurchase-to-maturity transactions as secured borrowings, eliminates accounting guidance on linked repurchase financing transactions, and expands disclosure requirements related to certain transfers of financial assets. ASU 2014-11 was effective for the Company beginning February 1, 2015, and did not have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, “Disclosure of Uncertainties About an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern” (“ASU 2014-15”), which requires management to perform interim and annual assessments on whether there are conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued and to provide related disclosures, if required. ASU 2014-15 is effective for the Company for our fiscal year ending October 31, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We do not anticipate the adoption of ASU 2014-15 to have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, “Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (“ASU 2015-02”), which amends the consolidation requirements in ASC 810, primarily related to limited partnerships and VIEs. ASU 2015-02 is effective for the Company beginning on November 1, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. We do not anticipate the adoption of ASU 2015-02 to have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, “Interest - Imputation of Interest” (“ASU 2015-03”), which requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability. This new guidance is a change from the current treatment of recording debt issuance costs as an asset representing a deferred charge, and is consistent with the accounting treatment for debt discounts. The guidance, which requires retrospective application, is effective for the Company beginning November 1, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. We do not anticipate the adoption of ASU 2015-03 to have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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20. | Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” provides a framework for measuring fair value, expands disclosures about fair-value measurements and establishes a fair-value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value summarized as follows:

Level 1: Fair value determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Level 2: Fair value determined using significant other observable inputs.

Level 3: Fair value determined using significant unobservable inputs.

Our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

(In thousands) | Fair Value Hierarchy |  | Fair Value at April 30, 2015 |  |  | Fair Value at October 31, 2014 |
Mortgage loans held for sale (1) | Level 2 |  | $106,318 |  |  | $95,643 |
Interest rate lock commitments | Level 2 |  | (44 | ) |  | 15 |
Forward contracts | Level 2 |  | 178 |  |  | (320 | )
|  |  | $106,452 |  |  | $95,338 |

(1) The aggregate unpaid principal balance was $100.9 million and $91.2 million at April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, respectively.

We elected the fair value option for our loans held for sale for mortgage loans originated subsequent to October 31, 2008, in accordance with ASC 825, “Financial Instruments,” which permits us to measure financial instruments at fair value on a contract-by-contract basis. Management believes that the election of the fair value option for loans held for sale improves financial reporting by mitigating volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring the fair value of the loans and the derivative instruments used to economically hedge them without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. Fair value of loans held for sale is based on independent quote market prices, where available, or the prices for other mortgage whole loans with similar characteristics.

The Financial Services segment had a pipeline of loan applications in process of $630.6 million at April 30, 2015. Loans in process for which interest rates were committed to the borrowers totaled approximately $53.9 million as of April 30, 2015. Substantially all of these commitments were for periods of 60 days or less. Since a portion of these commitments is expected to expire without being exercised by the borrowers, the total commitments do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

The Financial Services segment uses investor commitments and forward sales of mandatory MBS to hedge its mortgage-related interest rate exposure. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk. Credit risk is managed by entering into MBS forward commitments, option contracts with investment banks, federally regulated bank affiliates and loan sales transactions with permanent investors meeting the segment’s credit standards. The segment’s risk, in the event of default by the purchaser, is the difference between the contract price and fair value of the MBS forward commitments and option contracts. At April 30, 2015, the segment had open commitments amounting to $19.5 million to sell MBS with varying settlement dates through May 20, 2015.

The assets accounted for using the fair value option are initially measured at fair value. Gains and losses from initial measurement and subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in the Financial Services segment’s income. The changes in fair values that are included in income are shown, by financial instrument and financial statement line item, below:

|  | Three Months Ended April 30, 2015 |
(In thousands) |  | Mortgage Loans Held For Sale |  |  | Interest Rate Lock Commitments |  |  | Forward Contracts |
Changes in fair value included in net loss all reflected in financial services revenues |  | $(233 | ) |  | $(325 | ) |  | $880 |

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|  | Three Months Ended April 30, 2014 |
(In thousands) |  | Mortgage Loans Held For Sale |  |  | Interest Rate Lock Commitments |  |  | Forward Contracts |
Changes in fair value included in net loss all reflected in financial services revenues |  | $(465 | ) |  | $(78 | ) |  | $599 |

|  | Six Months Ended April 30, 2015 |
(In thousands) |  | Mortgage Loans Held For Sale |  |  | Interest Rate Lock Commitments |  |  | Forward Contracts |
Changes in fair value included in net loss all reflected in financial services revenues |  | $(173 | ) |  | $(59 | ) |  | $498 |

|  | Six Months Ended April 30, 2014 |
(In thousands) |  | Mortgage Loans Held For Sale |  |  | Interest Rate Lock Commitments |  |  | Forward Contracts |
Changes in fair value included in net loss all reflected in financial services revenues |  | $(1,889 | ) |  | $(198 | ) |  | $686 |

The Company’s assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are those assets for which the Company has recorded valuation adjustments and write-offs during the periods presented. The assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are all within the Company’s Homebuilding operations and are summarized below:

Nonfinancial Assets

|  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended |
|  |  |  |  | April 30, 2015 |
(In thousands) |  | Fair Value Hierarchy |  |  | Pre-Impairment Amount |  |  | Total Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
Sold and unsold homes and lots under development |  | Level 3 |  |  | $11,055 |  |  | $(3,543 | ) |  | $7,512 |
Land and land options held for future development or sale |  | Level 3 |  |  | $- |  |  | $- |  |  | $- |

|  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended |
|  |  |  |  | April 30, 2014 |
(In thousands) |  | Fair Value Hierarchy |  |  | Pre-Impairment Amount |  |  | Total Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
Sold and unsold homes and lots under development |  | Level 3 |  |  | $- |  |  | $- |  |  | $- |
Land and land options held for future development or sale |  | Level 3 |  |  | $236 |  |  | $(82 | ) |  | $154 |

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|  |  |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  |  |  |  | April 30, 2015 |
(In thousands) |  | Fair Value Hierarchy |  |  | Pre-Impairment Amount |  |  | Total Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
Sold and unsold homes and lots under development |  | Level 3 |  |  | $16,756 |  |  | $(4,466 | ) |  | $12,290 |
Land and land options held for future development or sale |  | Level 3 |  |  | $- |  |  | $- |  |  | $- |

|  |  |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  |  |  |  | April 30, 2014 |
(In thousands) |  | Fair Value Hierarchy |  |  | Pre-Impairment Amount |  |  | Total Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
Sold and unsold homes and lots under development |  | Level 3 |  |  | $- |  |  | $- |  |  | $- |
Land and land options held for future development or sale |  | Level 3 |  |  | $236 |  |  | $(82 | ) |  | $154 |

We record impairment losses on inventories related to communities under development and held for future development when events and circumstances indicate that they may be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their related carrying amounts. If the expected undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount, then the community is written down to its fair value. We estimate the fair value of each impaired community by determining the present value of its estimated future cash flows at a discount rate commensurate with the risk of the respective community. Should the estimates or expectations used in determining cash flows or fair value decrease or differ from current estimates in the future, we may be required to recognize additional impairments. We recorded inventory impairments, which are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as “Inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs” and deducted from inventory, of $3.5 million and $4.4 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, respectively, and $0.1 million for both the three and six months ended April 30, 2014.

The fair value of our cash equivalents and restricted cash approximates their carrying amount, based on Level 1 inputs.

The fair value of each series of the senior unsecured notes (other than the 7.0% Senior Notes due 2019, (the “2019 Notes”) the senior exchangeable notes and the senior amortizing notes) is estimated based on recent trades or quoted market prices for the same issues or based on recent trades or quoted market prices for our debt of similar security and maturity to achieve comparable yields, which are Level 2 measurements. The fair value of the senior unsecured notes (all series in the aggregate), other than the 2019 Notes, senior exchangeable notes and senior amortizing notes, was estimated at $701.1 million and $464.4 million as of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, respectively.

The fair value of each of the 2019 Notes, the senior secured notes (all series in the aggregate), the senior amortizing notes and the senior exchangeable notes is estimated based on third party broker quotes, a Level 3 measurement. The fair value of the 2019 Notes, senior secured notes (all series in the aggregate), the senior amortizing notes and the senior exchangeable notes was estimated at $143.3 million, $993.0 million, $15.0 million and $77.8 million, respectively, as of April 30, 2015. As of October 31, 2014, the fair value of the 2019 Notes, senior secured notes (all series in the aggregate), senior amortizing notes and senior exchangeable notes was estimated at $148.2 million, $1.0 billion, $17.0 million and $79.6 million, respectively.

21. | Financial Information of Subsidiary Issuer and Subsidiary Guarantors

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc., the parent company (the “Parent”), is the issuer of publicly traded common stock and preferred stock, which is represented by depository shares. One of its wholly owned subsidiaries, K. Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (the “Subsidiary Issuer”), acts as a finance entity that, as of April 30, 2015, had issued and outstanding approximately $992.0 million of senior secured notes ($980.6 million, net of discount), $841.1 million senior notes ($840.9 million, net of discount) and $15.0 million senior amortizing notes and $71.9 million senior exchangeable notes (issued as components of our 6.0% Exchangeable Note Units). The senior secured notes, senior notes, senior amortizing notes and senior exchangeable notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent.

In addition to the Parent, each of the wholly owned subsidiaries of the Parent other than the Subsidiary Issuer (collectively, “Guarantor Subsidiaries”), with the exception of our home mortgage subsidiaries, certain of our title insurance subsidiaries, joint ventures, subsidiaries holding interests in our joint ventures and our foreign subsidiary (collectively, the “Nonguarantor Subsidiaries”), have guaranteed fully and unconditionally, on a joint and several basis, the obligations of the Subsidiary Issuer to pay principal and interest under the senior secured notes (other than the 2021 Notes), senior notes, senior exchangeable notes and senior amortizing notes. The Guarantor Subsidiaries are directly or indirectly 100% owned subsidiaries of the Parent. The 2021 Notes are guaranteed by the Guarantor Subsidiaries and the members of the Secured Group (see Note 11).

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The senior unsecured notes (except for the 2019 Notes), senior amortizing notes and senior exchangeable notes have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The 2019 Notes, 2020 Secured Notes and the 2021 Notes (see Note 11) are not, pursuant to the indentures under which such notes were issued, required to be registered. The Condensed Consolidating Financial Statements presented below are in respect of our registered notes only and not the 2019 Notes, 2020 Secured Notes or the 2021 Notes (however, the Guarantor Subsidiaries for the 2019 Notes and the 2020 Secured Notes are the same as those represented by the accompanying Condensed Consolidating Financial Statements). In lieu of providing separate financial statements for the Guarantor Subsidiaries of our registered notes, we have included the accompanying Condensed Consolidating Financial Statements. Therefore, separate financial statements and other disclosures concerning such Guarantor Subsidiaries are not presented.

The following Condensed Consolidating Financial Statements present the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of (i) the Parent, (ii) the Subsidiary Issuer, (iii) the Guarantor Subsidiaries, (iv) the Nonguarantor Subsidiaries and (v) the eliminations to arrive at the information for Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. on a consolidated basis.

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HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET

APRIL 30, 2015

(In Thousands)

|  | Parent |  |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Nonguarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Eliminations |  |  | Consolidated |
ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding |  | $- |  |  | $247,616 |  |  | $1,478,889 |  |  | $362,600 |  |  | $- |  |  | $2,089,105 |
Financial services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,327 |  |  | 116,974 |  |  |  |  |  | 127,301 |
Income taxes receivable |  | 258,121 |  |  |  |  |  | 42,467 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 300,588 |
Intercompany receivable |  |  |  |  | 1,467,671 |  |  |  |  |  | 36,727 |  |  | (1,504,398 | ) |  | - |
Investments in and amounts due from consolidated subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 365,247 |  |  |  |  |  | (365,247 | ) |  | - |
Total assets |  | $258,121 |  |  | $1,715,287 |  |  | $1,896,930 |  |  | $516,301 |  |  | (1,869,645 | ) |  | $2,516,994 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding |  | $3,183 |  |  | $196 |  |  | $550,981 |  |  | $55,853 |  |  |  |  |  | $610,213 |
Financial services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,021 |  |  | 94,776 |  |  |  |  |  | 104,797 |
Notes payable |  |  |  |  | 1,946,342 |  |  | 1,551 |  |  | 425 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,948,318 |
Intercompany payable |  | 305,378 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,199,020 |  |  |  |  |  | (1,504,398 | ) |  | - |
Amounts due to consolidated subsidiaries |  | 95,894 |  |  | 38,266 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (134,160 | ) |  | - |
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity |  | (146,334 | ) |  | (269,517 | ) |  | 135,357 |  |  | 365,247 |  |  | (231,087 | ) |  | (146,334 | )
Total liabilities and equity |  | $258,121 |  |  | $1,715,287 |  |  | $1,896,930 |  |  | $516,301 |  |  | (1,869,645 | ) |  | $2,516,994 |

HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET

OCTOBER 31, 2014

(In Thousands)

|  | Parent |  |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Nonguarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Eliminations |  |  | Consolidated |
ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding |  | $- |  |  | $195,177 |  |  | $1,336,716 |  |  | $353,151 |  |  | $- |  |  | $1,885,044 |
Financial services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,407 |  |  | 108,936 |  |  |  |  |  | 120,343 |
Income taxes receivable |  | 244,391 |  |  |  |  |  | 40,152 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 284,543 |
Intercompany receivable |  |  |  |  | 1,275,453 |  |  |  |  |  | 36,161 |  |  | (1,311,614 | ) |  | - |
Investments in and amounts due from consolidated subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 338,044 |  |  |  |  |  | (338,044 | ) |  | - |
Total assets |  | $244,391 |  |  | $1,470,630 |  |  | $1,726,319 |  |  | $498,248 |  |  | $(1,649,658 | ) |  | $2,289,930 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding |  | $2,842 |  |  | $160 |  |  | $544,088 |  |  | $71,663 |  |  | $- |  |  | $618,753 |
Financial services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,210 |  |  | 87,987 |  |  |  |  |  | 99,197 |
Notes payable |  |  |  |  | 1,685,892 |  |  | 3,336 |  |  | 551 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,689,779 |
Intercompany payable |  | 308,700 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,002,914 |  |  |  |  |  | (1,311,614 | ) |  | - |
Amounts due to consolidated subsidiaries |  | 50,648 |  |  | 11,902 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (62,550 | ) |  | - |
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity |  | (117,799 | ) |  | (227,324 | ) |  | 164,771 |  |  | 338,047 |  |  | (275,494 | ) |  | (117,799 | )
Total liabilities and equity |  | $244,391 |  |  | $1,470,630 |  |  | $1,726,319 |  |  | $498,248 |  |  | $(1,649,658 | ) |  | $2,289,930 |

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HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

THREE MONTHS ENDED APRIL 30, 2015

(In Thousands)

|  | Parent |  |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Nonguarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Eliminations |  |  | Consolidated |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding |  | $- |  |  | $- |  |  | $390,898 |  |  | $65,594 |  |  | $- |  |  | $456,492 |
Financial services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,935 |  |  | 10,522 |  |  |  |  |  | 12,457 |
Intercompany charges |  |  |  |  | 31,873 |  |  |  |  |  | 66 |  |  | (31,939 | ) |  | - |
Total revenues |  | - |  |  | 31,873 |  |  | 392,833 |  |  | 76,182 |  |  | (31,939 | ) |  | 468,949 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding |  | 3,082 |  |  | 38,387 |  |  | 392,535 |  |  | 58,384 |  |  |  |  |  | 492,388 |
Financial services |  | 20 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,556 |  |  | 5,932 |  |  |  |  |  | 7,508 |
Intercompany charges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31,939 |  |  |  |  |  | (31,939 | ) |  | - |
Total expenses |  | 3,102 |  |  | 38,387 |  |  | 426,030 |  |  | 64,316 |  |  | (31,939 | ) |  | 499,896 |
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,466 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,466 |
(Loss) income before income taxes |  | (3,102 | ) |  | (6,514 | ) |  | (33,197 | ) |  | 13,332 |  |  | - |  |  | (29,481 | )
State and federal income tax benefit |  | (5,906 | ) |  |  |  |  | (4,016 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9,922 | )
Equity in (loss) income of consolidated subsidiaries |  | (22,363 | ) |  | (13,558 | ) |  | 13,332 |  |  |  |  |  | 22,589 |  |  | - |
Net (loss) income |  | $(19,559 | ) |  | $(20,072 | ) |  | $(15,849 | ) |  | $13,332 |  |  | $22,589 |  |  | $(19,559 | )

HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

THREE MONTHS ENDED APRIL 30, 2014

(In Thousands)

|  | Parent |  |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Nonguarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Eliminations |  |  | Consolidated |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding |  | $- |  |  | $(31 | ) |  | $366,152 |  |  | $74,396 |  |  | $- |  |  | $440,517 |
Financial services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,236 |  |  | 7,176 |  |  |  |  |  | 9,412 |
Intercompany charges |  |  |  |  | 25,978 |  |  | (27,019 | ) |  | 249 |  |  | 792 |  |  | - |
Total revenues |  | - |  |  | 25,947 |  |  | 341,369 |  |  | 81,821 |  |  | 792 |  |  | 449,929 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding |  | 1,942 |  |  | 33,629 |  |  | 349,322 |  |  | 67,129 |  |  | (1,590 | ) |  | 450,432 |
Financial services |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,694 |  |  | 5,008 |  |  |  |  |  | 6,707 |
Total expenses |  | 1,947 |  |  | 33,629 |  |  | 351,016 |  |  | 72,137 |  |  | (1,590 | ) |  | 457,139 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  |  |  | (1,155 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,155 | )
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37 |  |  | 1,030 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,067 |
(Loss) income before income taxes |  | (1,947 | ) |  | (8,837 | ) |  | (9,610 | ) |  | 10,714 |  |  | 2,382 |  |  | (7,298 | )
State and federal income tax (benefit) provision |  | (2,236 | ) |  |  |  |  | 2,840 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 604 |
Equity in (loss) income of consolidated subsidiaries |  | (8,191 | ) |  | (11,945 | ) |  | 10,714 |  |  |  |  |  | 9,422 |  |  | - |
Net (loss) income |  | $(7,902 | ) |  | $(20,782 | ) |  | $(1,736 | ) |  | $10,714 |  |  | $11,804 |  |  | $(7,902 | )

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HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

SIX MONTHS ENDED APRIL 30, 2015

(In Thousands)

|  | Parent |  |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Nonguarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Eliminations |  |  | Consolidated |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding |  | $- |  |  | $- |  |  | $756,087 |  |  | $134,997 |  |  | $- |  |  | $891,084 |
Financial services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,768 |  |  | 19,811 |  |  |  |  |  | 23,579 |
Intercompany charges |  |  |  |  | 60,385 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (60,385 | ) |  | - |
Total revenues |  | - |  |  | 60,385 |  |  | 759,855 |  |  | 154,808 |  |  | (60,385 | ) |  | 914,663 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding |  | 6,793 |  |  | 76,215 |  |  | 750,044 |  |  | 118,865 |  |  |  |  |  | 951,917 |
Financial services |  | 88 |  |  |  |  |  | 3,129 |  |  | 11,608 |  |  |  |  |  | 14,825 |
Intercompany charges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60,321 |  |  | 64 |  |  | (60,385 | ) |  | - |
Total expenses |  | 6,881 |  |  | 76,215 |  |  | 813,494 |  |  | 130,537 |  |  | (60,385 | ) |  | 966,742 |
(Loss) income from unconsolidated joint ventures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (14 | ) |  | 2,932 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,918 |
(Loss) income before income taxes |  | (6,881 | ) |  | (15,830 | ) |  | (53,653 | ) |  | 27,203 |  |  | - |  |  | (49,161 | )
State and federal income tax (benefit) provision |  | (18,192 | ) |  |  |  |  | 2,966 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (15,226 | )
Equity in (loss) income of consolidated subsidiaries |  | (45,246 | ) |  | (26,364 | ) |  | 27,203 |  |  |  |  |  | 44,407 |  |  | - |
Net (loss) income |  | $(33,935 | ) |  | $(42,194 | ) |  | $(29,416 | ) |  | $27,203 |  |  | $44,407 |  |  | $(33,935 | )

HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

SIX MONTHS ENDED APRIL 30, 2014

(In Thousands)

|  | Parent |  |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Nonguarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Eliminations |  |  | Consolidated |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding |  | $- |  |  | $(77 | ) |  | $649,190 |  |  | $147,358 |  |  | $- |  |  | $796,471 |
Financial services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,071 |  |  | 13,435 |  |  |  |  |  | 17,506 |
Intercompany charges |  |  |  |  | 46,555 |  |  | (48,281 | ) |  |  |  |  | 1,726 |  |  | - |
Total revenues |  | - |  |  | 46,478 |  |  | 604,980 |  |  | 160,793 |  |  | 1,726 |  |  | 813,977 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding |  | 5,925 |  |  | 64,018 |  |  | 638,940 |  |  | 128,138 |  |  | (2,752 | ) |  | 834,269 |
Financial services |  | 9 |  |  |  |  |  | 3,219 |  |  | 10,151 |  |  |  |  |  | 13,379 |
Total expenses |  | 5,934 |  |  | 64,018 |  |  | 642,159 |  |  | 138,289 |  |  | (2,752 | ) |  | 847,648 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  |  |  | (1,155 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,155 | )
Income from unconsolidated joint ventures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60 |  |  | 3,578 |  |  |  |  |  | 3,638 |
(Loss) income before income taxes |  | (5,934 | ) |  | (18,695 | ) |  | (37,119 | ) |  | 26,082 |  |  | 4,478 |  |  | (31,188 | )
State and federal income tax (benefit) provision |  | (5,828 | ) |  |  |  |  | 7,065 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,237 |
Equity in (loss) income of consolidated subsidiaries |  | (32,319 | ) |  | (24,024 | ) |  | 26,082 |  |  |  |  |  | 30,261 |  |  | - |
Net (loss) income |  | $(32,425 | ) |  | $(42,719 | ) |  | $(18,102 | ) |  | $26,082 |  |  | $34,739 |  |  | $(32,425 | )

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HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

SIX MONTHS ENDED APRIL 30, 2015

(In Thousands)

|  | Parent |  |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Nonguarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Eliminations |  |  | Consolidated |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income |  | $(33,935 | ) |  | $(42,194 | ) |  | $(29,416 | ) |  | $27,203 |  |  | $44,407 |  |  | $(33,935 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash used in operating activities |  | (7,989 | ) |  | 18,740 |  |  | (101,623 | ) |  | (86,915 | ) |  | (44,407 | ) |  | (222,194 | )
Net cash used in operating activities |  | (41,924 | ) |  | (23,454 | ) |  | (131,039 | ) |  | (59,712 | ) |  | - |  |  | (256,129 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of property and assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 952 |  |  | 31 |  |  |  |  |  | 983 |
Purchase of property, equipment & other fixed assets and acquisitions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,172 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,172 | )
Decrease in restricted cash related to mortgage company |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,645 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,645 |
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures |  |  |  |  | 81 |  |  | 146 |  |  | (15,766 | ) |  |  |  |  | (15,539 | )
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated joint ventures |  |  |  |  | (33 | ) |  | 339 |  |  | 7,039 |  |  |  |  |  | 7,345 |
Intercompany investing activities |  |  |  |  | (165,853 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 165,853 |  |  | - |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |  | - |  |  | (165,805 | ) |  | 265 |  |  | (7,051 | ) |  | 165,853 |  |  | (6,738 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net proceeds from mortgages and notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,336 |  |  | 8,375 |  |  |  |  |  | 14,711 |
Net proceeds from model sale leaseback financing programs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,746 |  |  | 1,595 |  |  |  |  |  | 13,341 |
Net payments related to land bank financing programs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9,124 | ) |  | (3,879 | ) |  |  |  |  | (13,003 | )
Proceeds from senior notes |  |  |  |  | 250,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 250,000 |
Net proceeds related to mortgage warehouse lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,047 |  |  |  |  |  | 6,047 |
Deferred financing costs from land bank financing programs and note issuances |  |  |  |  | (4,627 | ) |  | (1,016 | ) |  | (850 | ) |  |  |  |  | (6,493 | )
Principal payments and debt repurchases |  |  |  |  | (2,062 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,062 | )
Intercompany financing activities |  | 41,924 |  |  |  |  |  | 124,498 |  |  | (569 | ) |  | (165,853 | ) |  | - |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | 41,924 |  |  | 243,311 |  |  | 132,440 |  |  | 10,719 |  |  | (165,853 | ) |  | 262,541 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | - |  |  | 54,052 |  |  | 1,666 |  |  | (56,044 | ) |  | - |  |  | (326 | )
Cash and cash equivalents balance, beginning of period |  |  |  |  | 159,508 |  |  | (4,726 | ) |  | 107,116 |  |  |  |  |  | 261,898 |
Cash and cash equivalents balance, end of period |  | $- |  |  | $213,560 |  |  | $(3,060 | ) |  | $51,072 |  |  | $- |  |  | $261,572 |

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HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

SIX MONTHS ENDED APRIL 30, 2014

(In Thousands)

|  | Parent |  |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Nonguarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Eliminations |  |  | Consolidated |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income |  | $(32,425 | ) |  | $(42,719 | ) |  | $(18,102 | ) |  | $26,082 |  |  | $34,739 |  |  | $(32,425 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities |  | (1,140 | ) |  | 9,969 |  |  | (172,179 | ) |  | 44,408 |  |  | (34,739 | ) |  | (153,681 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities |  | (33,565 | ) |  | (32,750 | ) |  | (190,281 | ) |  | 70,490 |  |  | - |  |  | (186,106 | )
Net cash provided by investing activities |  |  |  |  | 76 |  |  | 664 |  |  | 4,988 |  |  |  |  |  | 5,728 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  |  |  |  | 120,553 |  |  | 39,646 |  |  | (63,793 | ) |  |  |  |  | 96,406 |
Intercompany investing and financing activities – net |  | 33,565 |  |  | (173,351 | ) |  | 151,533 |  |  | (11,747 | ) |  |  |  |  | - |
Net (decrease) increase in cash |  | - |  |  | (85,472 | ) |  | 1,562 |  |  | (62 | ) |  | - |  |  | (83,972 | )
Cash and cash equivalents balance, beginning of period |  |  |  |  | 243,470 |  |  | (6,479 | ) |  | 92,213 |  |  |  |  |  | 329,204 |
Cash and cash equivalents balance, end of period |  | $- |  |  | $157,998 |  |  | $(4,917 | ) |  | $92,151 |  |  | $- |  |  | $245,232 |

22. | Transactions with Related Parties

During the three months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, an engineering firm owned by Tavit Najarian, a relative of our Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer, provided services to the Company totaling $0.2 million for both periods. During the six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, the services provided by such engineering firm to the Company totaled $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Neither the Company nor the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer has a financial interest in the relative’s company from whom the services were provided.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW

During the three and six months of fiscal 2015, we experienced mixed operating results compared to the same periods of the prior year. Although homebuilding revenues increased during both periods, the decreases in our gross margin percentage, before cost of sales interest expense and land charges, drove the overall decreases in profits. For the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, sale of homes revenues increased 3.8% and 12.0%, respectively, as compared to the same periods of the prior year. The increase in revenues for both periods was primarily due to a higher average price per home, which was a result of geographic and community mix of our deliveries, as opposed to home price increases (which we increase or decrease in communities depending on the respective community's performance). For the six months ended April 30, 2015, there was also an increase in the volume of deliveries, which was a result of increased community count. Active selling communities increased from 196 at April 30, 2014 to 207 at April 30, 2015. Gross margin percentage, before cost of sales interest expense and land charges, decreased from 20.2% for the three months ended April 30, 2014 to 16.1% for the three months ended April 30, 2015, and from 19.5% for the six months ended April 30, 2014 to 17.1% for the six months ended April 30, 2015. Selling, general and administrative costs (including corporate general and administrative expenses) as a percentage of total revenue increased from 13.9% for the three months ended April 30, 2014, to 14.7% for the three months ended April 30, 2015, and decreased from 15.1% for the six months ended April 30, 2014, to 14.6% for the six months ended April 30, 2015. Net contracts decreased 0.7% and increased 7.4% for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same period of the prior year. Net contracts per average active selling community decreased to 8.8 for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to 9.3 in the same period in the prior year, and increased to 15.4 for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to 15.0 in the same period in the prior year.

In addition to the declines discussed above, when comparing sequentially from the first quarter of fiscal 2015 to the second quarter of fiscal 2015, our gross margin percentage, before cost of sales interest expense and land charges, decreased from 18.2% to 16.1%. The decline in gross margin percentage in the second quarter of fiscal 2015 as compared to both the second quarter of fiscal 2014 and the first quarter of fiscal 2015 was due to our focus on selling and delivering older started unsold homes (commonly referred to as “specs”) during the second quarter of fiscal 2015. Excluding Houston, where gross margin percentage, before cost of sales interest and land charges, improved compared to the prior periods, 52.4% of our deliveries in the second quarter of fiscal 2015 were specs compared to 45.9% in the first quarter of fiscal 2015 and 41.5% in the second quarter of fiscal 2014. We significantly discounted some of these specs to sell them, resulting in the lower gross margin percentage for the second quarter of fiscal 2015. Selling, general and administrative costs as a percentage of revenue increased slightly from 14.5% to 14.7% in the second quarter of fiscal 2015 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2015 because of additional headcount related costs, increased advertising costs and increased architectural costs, all related to recent and expected future community count growth. These additional costs for new communities begin to be incurred before a community is open for sale and six months to a year before deliveries occur.

Based on the 2,972 homes in backlog with a dollar value of $1.2 billion at April 30, 2015 and the anticipated gross margin associated with this backlog, as well as our expected increases in community count, we believe that we are well-positioned for stronger results in the latter half of the fiscal year, primarily in the fourth quarter. However, we do not expect that anticipated fourth quarter fiscal 2015 pre-tax income will be sufficient enough to offset the pre-tax losses incurred in earlier quarterly periods of the fiscal year. Also, several challenges, such as economic weakness and uncertainty, uncertain oil prices and extreme weather conditions (both of which may affect our Texas markets), the restrictive mortgage lending environment and rising mortgage interest rates, could further impact the housing market and, consequently, our performance. Both national new home sales and our home sales remain below historical levels. We continue to believe that we are still in the early stages of the housing recovery. However, given our recent uneven operating performance, we may continue to experience mixed results in some of our operating markets.

Given the low levels of total U.S. housing starts, and our belief in the long-term recovery of the homebuilding market, we remain focused on identifying new land parcels, growing our community count and growing our revenues, which are critical to improving our financial performance. We continue to see opportunities to purchase land at prices that make economic sense in light of our current sales prices and sales paces and plan to continue pursuing such land acquisitions. New land purchases at pricing that we believe will generate appropriate investment returns and drive greater operating efficiencies are needed to return to sustained profitability. During the first half of fiscal 2015, we opened for sale 54 new communities and closed 48 communities, resulting in a net increase of 6 communities from 201 communities at October 31, 2014 to 207 communities at April 30, 2015. In addition, during the first half of fiscal 2015, we put under option or acquired approximately 3,600 lots in 86 wholly owned communities and walked-away from 2,155 lots in 38 wholly owned communities. Homebuilding selling, general and administrative expenses increased $8.5 million from $91.8 million for the first half of fiscal 2014 to $100.3 million for the first half of fiscal 2015. This increase was primarily due to additional headcount related costs, increased advertising costs and increased architectural expense, all related to recent and expected future community count growth, as well as a reduction of joint venture management fees, which offset general and administrative expenses, received as a result of fewer joint venture deliveries in the first half of fiscal 2015 as compared to the first half of fiscal 2014. Corporate general and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenue decreased slightly to 3.7% for the first half of fiscal 2015 from 3.8% for the first half of fiscal 2014. Improving the efficiency of our selling, general and administrative expenses will continue to be a significant area of focus, and as we generate revenue from our expected increased community count, we expect to be able to leverage these costs.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

As disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2014, our most critical accounting policies relate to income recognition from mortgage loans; inventories; land options; unconsolidated joint ventures; post-development completion, warranty and insurance reserves; and deferred income taxes. Since October 31, 2014, there have been no significant changes to those critical accounting policies.

CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

Our operations consist primarily of residential housing development and sales in the Northeast (New Jersey and Pennsylvania), the Mid-Atlantic (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Washington D.C. and West Virginia), the Midwest (Illinois, Minnesota and Ohio), the Southeast (Florida, Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina), the Southwest (Arizona and Texas) and the West (California). In addition, we provide certain financial services to our homebuilding customers.

We have historically funded our homebuilding and financial services operations with cash flows from operating activities, borrowings under our bank credit facilities and the issuance of new debt and equity securities.

Our homebuilding cash balance at April 30, 2015 increased by $1.7 million from October 31, 2014. During the period, we spent $334.4 million on land and land development. After considering this land and land development and all other operating activities, including revenue received from deliveries, we used $256.1 million of cash. During the first half of fiscal 2015, we also used $6.7 million of cash for investing activities, primarily to fund certain of our joint ventures. Cash provided by financing activities was $262.5 million, which included proceeds from the issuance of $250 million of senior unsecured notes in the first half of fiscal 2015, net proceeds from nonrecourse mortgages and model sale leasebacks. Cash used in financing activities in the first half of fiscal 2015 included the use of excess cash on hand to repay certain of our land banking arrangements. We intend to continue to use nonrecourse mortgage financings and model sale leaseback and land banking programs as our business needs dictate.

Our cash uses during the six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014 were for operating expenses, land purchases, land deposits, land development, construction spending, financing transactions, debt payments, state income taxes, interest payments and investments in joint ventures. During these periods, we provided for our cash requirements from available cash on hand, housing and land sales, financing transactions, debt issuances, model sale leasebacks, land banking deals, financial service revenues and other revenues. We believe that these sources of cash together with our $75.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility will be sufficient through fiscal 2015 to finance our working capital requirements and other needs, and enable us to add new communities to grow our homebuilding operations.

Our net income (loss) historically does not approximate cash flow from operating activities. The difference between net income (loss) and cash flow from operating activities is primarily caused by changes in inventory levels together with changes in receivables, prepaid and other assets, mortgage loans held for sale, interest and other accrued liabilities, deferred income taxes, accounts payable and other liabilities, and noncash charges relating to depreciation, stock compensation awards and impairment losses for inventory. When we are expanding our operations, inventory levels, prepaids, and other assets increase causing cash flow from operating activities to decrease. Certain liabilities also increase as operations expand and partially offset the negative effect on cash flow from operations caused by the increase in inventory levels, prepaids and other assets. Similarly, as our mortgage operations expand, net income from these operations increases, but for cash flow purposes net income is partially offset by the net change in mortgage assets and liabilities. The opposite is true as our investment in new land purchases and development of new communities decrease, which is what happened during the last half of fiscal 2007 through fiscal 2009, allowing us to generate positive cash flow from operations during this period. Since the latter part of fiscal 2009 cumulative through April 30, 2015, as a result of the new land purchases and land development, we have used cash in operations as we have added new communities. Looking forward, given the unstable housing market, we anticipate that it will continue to be difficult to generate positive cash flow from operations until we sustain profitability for our full fiscal years. However, we plan to continue to make adjustments to our structure and our business plans in order to maximize our liquidity while also taking steps to return to sustained profitability, including through land acquisitions.

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In June 2013, K. Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (“K. Hovnanian”), as borrower, and we and certain of our subsidiaries, as guarantors, entered into a five-year, $75.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with Citicorp USA, Inc., as administrative agent and issuing bank, and Citibank, N.A., as a lender. The Credit Facility is available for both letters of credit and general corporate purposes. The Credit Facility does not contain any financial maintenance covenants, but does contain certain restrictive covenants that track those contained in our indenture governing the 8.0% Senior Notes due 2019, which are described in Note 11. The Credit Facility also contains certain customary events of default which would permit the administrative agent at the request of the required lenders to, among other things, declare all loans then outstanding to be immediately due and payable if such default is not cured within applicable grace periods, including the failure to make timely payments of amounts payable under the Credit Facility or other material indebtedness or the acceleration of other material indebtedness, the failure to comply with agreements and covenants or for representations or warranties to be correct in all material respects when made, specified events of bankruptcy and insolvency, and the entry of a material judgment against a loan party. Outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility accrue interest at an annual rate equal to either, as selected by K. Hovnanian, (i) the alternate base rate plus the applicable spread determined on the date of such borrowing or (ii) an adjusted London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) rate plus the applicable spread determined as of the date two business days prior to the first day of the interest period for such borrowing. As of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, there were no borrowings and $22.4 million and $26.5 million, respectively, of letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility. As of April 30, 2015, we believe we were in compliance with the covenants under the Credit Facility.

In addition to the Credit Facility, we have certain stand–alone cash collateralized letter of credit agreements and facilities under which there were a total of $2.6 million and $5.5 million letters of credit outstanding at April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, respectively. These agreements and facilities require us to maintain specified amounts of cash as collateral in segregated accounts to support the letters of credit issued thereunder, which will affect the amount of cash we have available for other uses. As of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, the amount of cash collateral in these segregated accounts was $2.6 million and $5.6 million, respectively, which is reflected in “Restricted cash and cash equivalents” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Our wholly owned mortgage banking subsidiary, K. Hovnanian American Mortgage, LLC (“K. Hovnanian Mortgage”), originates mortgage loans primarily from the sale of our homes. Such mortgage loans and related servicing rights are sold in the secondary mortgage market within a short period of time. In certain instances, we retain the servicing rights for a small amount of loans. Our secured Master Repurchase Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“Chase Master Repurchase Agreement”), which was amended on January 30, 2015, is a short-term borrowing facility that provides up to $50.0 million through January 30, 2016. The loan is secured by the mortgages held for sale and is repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. Interest is payable monthly on outstanding advances at an adjusted LIBOR rate, which was 0.18% at April 30, 2015, plus the applicable margin of 2.75%. Therefore, at April 30, 2015, the interest rate was 2.93%. As of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, the aggregate principal amount of all borrowings outstanding under the Chase Master Repurchase Agreement was $31.9 million and $25.5 million, respectively.

K. Hovnanian Mortgage has another secured Master Repurchase Agreement with Customers Bank (“Customers Master Repurchase Agreement”), which was amended on February 19, 2015 to extend the maturity date to February 18, 2016, that is a short-term borrowing facility that provides up to $37.5 million through maturity. The loan is secured by the mortgages held for sale and is repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. Interest is payable daily or as loans are sold to permanent investors on outstanding advances at the current LIBOR, plus the applicable margin ranging from 2.75% to 5.25% based on the takeout investor, type of loan, and the number of days on the warehouse line. As of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, the aggregate principal amount of all borrowings outstanding under the Customers Master Repurchase Agreement was $27.2 million and $20.4 million, respectively.

K. Hovnanian Mortgage has a third secured Master Repurchase Agreement with Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Capital LLC (“Credit Suisse Master Repurchase Agreement”), which was last amended on November 17, 2014, that is a short-term borrowing facility that provides up to $50.0 million through October 27, 2015. The facility also provides an additional $30.0 million which can be used between 10 calendar days prior to the end of a fiscal quarter through the 45th calendar day after a fiscal quarter end; provided that the amount outstanding may not exceed $50.0 million outside of this date range. The loan is secured by the mortgages held for sale and is repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. Interest is payable monthly on outstanding advances at the Credit Suisse Cost of Funds, which was 0.47% at April 30, 2015, plus the applicable margin ranging from 2.25% to 2.75% based on the takeout investor, type of loan and the number of days outstanding. As of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, the aggregate principal amount of all borrowings outstanding under the Credit Suisse Master Repurchase Agreement was $11.0 million and $19.7 million, respectively.

In February 2014, K. Hovnanian Mortgage executed a secured Master Repurchase Agreement with Comerica Bank (“Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement”), which was amended on December 30, 2014 to extend the maturity date to December 29, 2015, that is a short-term borrowing facility that provides up to $35.0 million through maturity. The loan is secured by the mortgages held for sale and is repaid when we sell the underlying mortgage loans to permanent investors. Interest is payable monthly at LIBOR, subject to a floor of 0.25%, plus the applicable margin of 2.625%. As of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, the interest rate was 2.875% and the aggregate principal amount of all borrowings outstanding under the Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement was $12.8 million and $11.3 million, respectively.

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The Chase Master Repurchase Agreement, Customers Master Repurchase Agreement, Credit Suisse Master Repurchase Agreement and Comerica Master Repurchase Agreement (together, the “Master Repurchase Agreements”) require K. Hovnanian Mortgage to satisfy and maintain specified financial ratios and other financial condition tests. Because of the extremely short period of time mortgages are held by K. Hovnanian Mortgage before the mortgages are sold to investors (generally a period of a few weeks), the immateriality to us on a consolidated basis of the size of the Master Repurchase Agreements, the levels required by these financial covenants, our ability based on our immediately available resources to contribute sufficient capital to cure any default, were such conditions to occur, and our right to cure any conditions of default based on the terms of the agreement, we do not consider any of these covenants to be substantive or material. As of April 30, 2015, we believe we were in compliance with the covenants under the Master Repurchase Agreements.

As of April 30, 2015, we had an aggregate of $992.0 million of outstanding senior secured notes ($980.6 million, net of discount), an aggregate of $841.1 million of outstanding senior notes ($840.9 million, net of discount), $15.0 million 11.0% Senior Amortizing Notes due 2017 (issued as a component of our 6.0% Exchangeable Note Units and discussed in Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements) and $71.9 million Senior Exchangeable Notes due 2017 (issued as a component of our 6.0% Exchangeable Note Units and discussed in Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements). Except for K. Hovnanian, the issuer of the notes, our home mortgage subsidiaries, joint ventures and subsidiaries holding interests in our joint ventures, certain of our title insurance subsidiaries and our foreign subsidiary, we and each of our subsidiaries are guarantors of the senior secured, senior, senior amortizing and senior exchangeable outstanding at April 30, 2015 (see Note 21 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements). In addition, the 2021 Notes (defined below) are guaranteed by K. Hovnanian JV Holdings, L.L.C. and its subsidiaries except for certain joint ventures and joint venture holding companies (collectively, the “Secured Group”). Members of the Secured Group do not guarantee K. Hovnanian's other indebtedness.

Except for K. Hovnanian, the issuer of the notes, our home mortgage subsidiaries, joint ventures and subsidiaries holding interests in our joint ventures, certain of our title insurance subsidiaries and our foreign subsidiary, we and each of our subsidiaries are guarantors of the senior secured, senior, senior amortizing and senior exchangeable notes outstanding at April 30, 2015 (see Note 21). In addition, the 5.0% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 (the “5.0% 2021 Notes”) and the 2.0% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 (the “2.0% 2021 Notes” and together with the 5.0% 2021 Notes, the “2021 Notes”) are guaranteed by K. Hovnanian JV Holdings, L.L.C. and its subsidiaries except for certain joint ventures and joint venture holding companies (collectively, the “Secured Group”). Members of the Secured Group do not guarantee K. Hovnanian's other indebtedness.

The indentures governing the notes do not contain any financial maintenance covenants, but do contain restrictive covenants that limit, among other things, the Company’s ability and that of certain of its subsidiaries, including K. Hovnanian, to incur additional indebtedness (other than certain permitted indebtedness, refinancing indebtedness and nonrecourse indebtedness), pay dividends and make distributions on common and preferred stock, repurchase subordinated indebtedness (with respect to certain of the senior secured and senior notes), make other restricted payments, make investments, sell certain assets, incur liens, consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all assets, and enter into certain transactions with affiliates. The indentures also contain events of default which would permit the holders of the notes to declare the notes to be immediately due and payable if not cured within applicable grace periods, including the failure to make timely payments on the notes or other material indebtedness, the failure to comply with agreements and covenants and specified events of bankruptcy and insolvency and, with respect to the indentures governing the senior secured notes, the failure of the documents granting security for the senior secured notes to be in full force and effect, and the failure of the liens on any material portion of the collateral securing the senior secured notes to be valid and perfected. As of April 30, 2015, we believe we were in compliance with the covenants of the indentures governing our outstanding notes.

Under the terms of the indentures, we have the right to make certain redemptions and, depending on market conditions and covenant restrictions, may do so from time to time. We also continue to evaluate our capital structure and may also continue to make debt purchases and/or exchanges for debt or equity from time to time through tender offers, open market purchases, private transactions, or otherwise, or seek to raise additional debt or equity capital, depending on market conditions and covenant restrictions.

If our consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, as defined in the indentures governing our senior secured and senior notes (other than the senior exchangeable notes discussed in Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements), is less than 2.0 to 1.0, we are restricted from making certain payments, including dividends, and from incurring indebtedness other than certain permitted indebtedness, refinancing indebtedness, and nonrecourse indebtedness. As a result of this restriction, we are currently restricted from paying dividends, which are not cumulative, on our 7.625% Series A Preferred Stock. We anticipate that we will continue to be restricted from paying dividends for the foreseeable future. Our inability to pay dividends is in accordance with covenant restrictions and will not result in a default under our bond indentures or otherwise affect compliance with any of the covenants contained in our debt instruments.

The 7.25% Senior Secured First Lien Notes due 2020 (the “First Lien Notes”) are secured by a first-priority lien and the 9.125% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due 2020 (the “Second Lien Notes” and, together with the First Lien Notes, the “2020 Secured Notes”) are secured by a second-priority lien, in each case, subject to permitted liens and other exceptions, on substantially all the assets owned by us, K. Hovnanian and the guarantors of such notes. At April 30, 2015, the aggregate book value of the real property that constituted collateral securing the 2020 Secured Notes was approximately $786.2 million, which does not include the impact of inventory investments, home deliveries, or impairments thereafter and which may differ from the value if it were appraised. In addition, cash and cash equivalents collateral that secured the 2020 Secured Notes was $221.1 million as of April 30, 2015, which included $2.6 million of restricted cash collateralizing certain letters of credit. Subsequent to such date, cash uses include general business operations and real estate and other investments.

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The guarantees with respect to the 2021 Notes of the Secured Group are secured, subject to permitted liens and other exceptions, by a first-priority lien on substantially all of the assets of the members of the Secured Group. As of April 30, 2015, the collateral securing the guarantees included (1) $38.3 million of cash and cash equivalents (subsequent to such date, cash uses include general business operations and real estate and other investments); (2) approximately $141.0 million aggregate book value of real property of the Secured Group, which does not include the impact of inventory investments, home deliveries or impairments thereafter and which may differ from the value if it were appraised, and (3) equity interests in guarantors that are members of the Secured Group. Members of the Secured Group also own equity in joint ventures, either directly or indirectly through ownership of joint venture holding companies, with a book value of $66.7 million as of April 30, 2015; this equity is not pledged to secure, and is not collateral for, the 2021 Notes. Members of the Secured Group are “unrestricted subsidiaries” under K. Hovnanian's other senior notes and senior secured notes, and thus have not guaranteed such indebtedness.

On January 10, 2014, K. Hovnanian issued $150.0 million aggregate principle amount of 7.0% Senior Notes due 2019, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $147.8 million. The notes are redeemable in whole or in part at our option at any time prior to July 15, 2016 at 100% of their principal amount plus an applicable “Make-Whole Amount.” We may also redeem some or all of the notes at 103.5% of principal commencing July 15, 2016, at 101.75% of principal commencing January 15, 2017 and 100% of principal commencing January 15, 2018. In addition, we may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes prior to July 15, 2016 with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at 107.0% of principal. We used a portion of the net proceeds to fund the redemption on February 9, 2014 (effected on February 10, 2014 which was the next business day after the redemption date) of the remaining outstanding principal amount ($21.4 million) of our 6.25% Senior Notes due 2015. The redemption resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.2 million, net of the write-off of unamortized fees, and was included in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations as “Loss on extinguishment of debt” in the second quarter of fiscal 2014. The remaining net proceeds from the offering were used to pay related fees and expenses and for general corporate purposes.

On November 5, 2014, K. Hovnanian issued $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.0% Senior Notes due 2019, resulting in net proceeds of $245.7 million. These proceeds were used for general corporate purposes. The notes will mature on November 1, 2019. The notes are redeemable in whole or in part at K. Hovnanian’s option at any time prior to August 1, 2019 at a redemption price equal to 100% of their principal amount plus an applicable “Make-Whole Amount.” At any time and from time to time on or after August 1, 2019, K. Hovnanian may also redeem some or all of the notes to a redemption price equal to 100% of their principal amount.

Total inventory, excluding consolidated inventory not owned, increased $202.5 million during the six months ended April 30, 2015 from October 31, 2014. Total inventory, excluding consolidated inventory not owned, decreased slightly in the Northeast by $0.2 million, and increased in the Mid-Atlantic by $36.4 million, in the Midwest by $12.5 million, in the Southeast by $44.1 million, in the Southwest by $38.5 million and in the West by $71.2 million. The increases were primarily attributable to new land purchases and land development during the period, partially offset by home deliveries. During the six months ended April 30, 2015, we had impairments in the amount of $4.4 million resulting from lowering prices due to increased competition from new communities in certain markets, and also continued weak economic conditions in certain other markets. We wrote-off costs in the amount of $2.1 million during the six months ended April 30, 2015 related to land options that expired or that we terminated, as the communities’ forecasted profitability was not projected to produce adequate returns on investment commensurate with the risk. In the last few years, we have been able to acquire new land parcels at prices that we believe will generate reasonable returns under current homebuilding market conditions. There can be no assurances that this trend will continue in the near term. Substantially all homes under construction or completed and included in inventory at April 30, 2015 are expected to be closed during the next nine months.

The total inventory increase discussed above excluded the decrease in consolidated inventory not owned of $8.1 million. Consolidated inventory not owned consists of specific performance options and other options that were included in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in accordance with US GAAP. The decrease from October 31, 2014 to April 30, 2015 was primarily due to a decrease in land banking transactions during the period, partially offset by an increase in the sale and leaseback of certain model homes. We have land banking arrangements, whereby we sell land parcels to the land bankers and they provide us an option to purchase back finished lots on a quarterly basis. Because of our options to repurchase these parcels, for accounting purposes in accordance with ASC 360-20-40-38, these transactions are considered a financing rather than a sale. For purposes of our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, at April 30, 2015, inventory of $15.9 million was recorded to “Consolidated inventory not owned - other options,” with a corresponding amount of $11.1 million recorded to “Liabilities from inventory not owned” for the amount of net cash received from the transactions. In addition, we sell and lease back certain of our model homes with the right to participate in the potential profit when each home is sold to a third party at the end of the respective lease. As a result of our continued involvement, for accounting purposes in accordance with ASC 360-20-40-38, these sale and leaseback transactions are considered a financing rather than a sale for accounting purposes. Therefore, for purposes of our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, at April 30, 2015, inventory of $83.2 million was recorded to “Consolidated inventory not owned - other options,” with a corresponding amount of $78.2 million recorded to “Liabilities from inventory not owned” for the amount of net cash received from the transactions. From time to time, we enter into option agreements that include specific performance requirements whereby we are required to purchase a minimum number of lots. Because of our obligation to purchase these lots, for accounting purposes in accordance with ASC 360-20-40-38, we are required to record this inventory on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of April 30, 2015, we had $1.7 million of specific performance options recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to “Consolidated inventory not owned - specific performance options,” with a corresponding liability of $1.7 million recorded to “Liabilities from inventory not owned.”

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When possible, we option property for development prior to acquisition. By optioning property, we are only subject to the loss of the cost of the option and predevelopment costs if we choose not to exercise the option (other than with respect to specific performance options discussed above). As a result, our commitment for major land acquisitions is reduced. The costs associated with optioned properties are included in “Land and land options held for future development or sale” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Also included in “Land and land options held for future development or sale” are amounts associated with inventory in mothballed communities. We mothball (or stop development on) certain communities when we determine the current performance does not justify further investment at the time. That is, we believe we will generate higher returns if we decide against spending money to improve land today and save the raw land until such time as the markets improve or we determine to sell the property. As of April 30, 2015, we had mothballed land in 45 communities. The book value associated with these communities at April 30, 2015 was $105.2 million, which was net of impairment charges recorded in prior periods of $412.4 million. We continually review communities to determine if mothballing is appropriate. During the first half of fiscal 2015, we did not mothball any new communities, or re-activate or sell any communities which were previously mothballed.

Inventories held for sale, which are land parcels where we have decided not to build homes, represented $0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of our total inventories at April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, and are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. In determining fair value for land held for sale, management considers, among other things, prices for land in recent comparable sale transactions, market analysis studies, which include the estimated price a willing buyer would pay for the land (other than in a forced liquidation sale) and recent bona fide offers received from outside third parties.

The following tables summarize home sites included in our total residential real estate. The slight decrease in total home sites available at April 30, 2015 compared to October 31, 2014 is attributable to delivering homes and terminating certain option agreements offset by signing new land option agreements and acquiring new land parcels.

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|  | Active Communities(1) |  |  | Active Communities Homes |  |  | Proposed Developable Homes |  |  | Total Homes |
April 30, 2015: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Northeast |  | 11 |  |  | 1,414 |  |  | 3,839 |  |  | 5,253 |
Mid-Atlantic |  | 36 |  |  | 2,814 |  |  | 3,119 |  |  | 5,933 |
Midwest |  | 33 |  |  | 3,223 |  |  | 821 |  |  | 4,044 |
Southeast |  | 27 |  |  | 2,467 |  |  | 3,444 |  |  | 5,911 |
Southwest |  | 87 |  |  | 4,813 |  |  | 2,081 |  |  | 6,894 |
West |  | 13 |  |  | 1,463 |  |  | 4,652 |  |  | 6,115 |
Consolidated total |  | 207 |  |  | 16,194 |  |  | 17,956 |  |  | 34,150 |
Unconsolidated joint ventures |  | 9 |  |  | 1,603 |  |  | 1,643 |  |  | 3,246 |
Total including unconsolidated joint ventures |  | 216 |  |  | 17,797 |  |  | 19,599 |  |  | 37,396 |
Owned |  |  |  |  | 10,406 |  |  | 8,235 |  |  | 18,641 |
Optioned |  |  |  |  | 5,532 |  |  | 9,721 |  |  | 15,253 |
Controlled lots |  |  |  |  | 15,938 |  |  | 17,956 |  |  | 33,894 |
Construction to permanent financing lots |  |  |  |  | 256 |  |  | - |  |  | 256 |
Consolidated total |  |  |  |  | 16,194 |  |  | 17,956 |  |  | 34,150 |
Lots controlled by unconsolidated joint ventures |  |  |  |  | 1,603 |  |  | 1,643 |  |  | 3,246 |
Total including unconsolidated joint ventures |  |  |  |  | 17,797 |  |  | 19,599 |  |  | 37,396 |

(1) Active communities are open for sale communities with ten or more home sites available.

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|  | Active Communities(1) |  |  | Active Communities Homes |  |  | Proposed Developable Homes |  |  | Total Homes |
October 31, 2014: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Northeast |  | 10 |  |  | 1,219 |  |  | 4,074 |  |  | 5,293 |
Mid-Atlantic |  | 34 |  |  | 2,742 |  |  | 3,207 |  |  | 5,949 |
Midwest |  | 36 |  |  | 3,407 |  |  | 1,391 |  |  | 4,798 |
Southeast |  | 24 |  |  | 1,737 |  |  | 4,721 |  |  | 6,458 |
Southwest |  | 87 |  |  | 4,756 |  |  | 1,676 |  |  | 6,432 |
West |  | 10 |  |  | 1,097 |  |  | 4,926 |  |  | 6,023 |
Consolidated total |  | 201 |  |  | 14,958 |  |  | 19,995 |  |  | 34,953 |
Unconsolidated joint ventures |  | 10 |  |  | 1,754 |  |  | 1,113 |  |  | 2,867 |
Total including unconsolidated joint ventures |  | 211 |  |  | 16,712 |  |  | 21,108 |  |  | 37,820 |
Owned |  |  |  |  | 9,139 |  |  | 8,581 |  |  | 17,720 |
Optioned |  |  |  |  | 5,557 |  |  | 11,414 |  |  | 16,971 |
Controlled lots |  |  |  |  | 14,696 |  |  | 19,995 |  |  | 34,691 |
Construction to permanent financing lots |  |  |  |  | 262 |  |  | - |  |  | 262 |
Consolidated total |  |  |  |  | 14,958 |  |  | 19,995 |  |  | 34,953 |
Lots controlled by unconsolidated joint ventures |  |  |  |  | 1,754 |  |  | 1,113 |  |  | 2,867 |
Total including unconsolidated joint ventures |  |  |  |  | 16,712 |  |  | 21,108 |  |  | 37,820 |

(1) Active communities are open for sale communities with ten or more home sites available.

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The following table summarizes our started or completed unsold homes and models, excluding unconsolidated joint ventures, in active and substantially completed communities. The decrease from October 31, 2014 to April 30, 2015 is due to a concerted effort to reduce our started unsold homes inventory as discussed above under “- Overview.”

|  | April 30, 2015 |  |  | October 31, 2014 |
|  | Unsold Homes |  |  | Models |  |  | Total |  |  | Unsold Homes |  |  | Models |  |  | Total |
Northeast |  | 87 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 113 |
Mid-Atlantic |  | 201 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 193 |
Midwest |  | 71 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 72 |
Southeast |  | 108 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 130 |
Southwest |  | 341 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 357 |  |  | 413 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 419 |
West |  | 42 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 66 |
Total |  | 850 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 921 |  |  | 936 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 993 |
Started or completed unsold homes and models per active selling communities (1) |  | 4.1 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 4.4 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 4.9 |

(1) | Active selling communities (which are communities that are open for sale with ten or more home sites available) were 207 and 201 at April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, respectively. Ratio does not include substantially completed communities, which are communities with less than ten home sites available.

Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures increased $6.7 million to $70.6 million at April 30, 2015 compared to October 31, 2014. The increase was primarily due to an investment in a new joint venture in the first quarter of fiscal 2015, along with an additional contribution to an existing joint venture during the period, partially offset by partnership distributions received during the period. As of April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, we had investments in ten and nine homebuilding joint ventures, respectively, and one land development joint venture as of both dates. We have no guarantees associated with our unconsolidated joint ventures, other than guarantees limited only to performance and completion of development, environmental indemnification and standard warranty and representation against fraud misrepresentation and similar actions, including a voluntary bankruptcy.

Receivables, deposits and notes, net decreased $6.7 million from October 31, 2014 to $85.8 million at April 30, 2015. The decrease was primarily due to receivables from our insurance carriers for certain warranty claims collected during the period. When reserves for claims are recorded, the portion that is probable for recovery from insurance carriers is recorded as a receivable. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in refundable deposits during the period.

Prepaid expenses and other assets were as follows as of:

|  | April 30, |  |  | October 31, |  |  | Dollar |
(In thousands) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | Change |
Prepaid insurance |  | $4,963 |  |  | $3,378 |  |  | $1,585 |
Prepaid project costs |  | 38,007 |  |  | 32,186 |  |  | 5,821 |
Net rental properties |  | 1,132 |  |  | 1,456 |  |  | (324 | )
Other prepaids |  | 36,830 |  |  | 32,184 |  |  | 4,646 |
Other assets |  | 153 |  |  | 154 |  |  | (1 | )
Total |  | $81,085 |  |  | $69,358 |  |  | $11,727 |

Prepaid insurance increased $1.6 million during the six months ended April 30, 2015 due to the timing of premium payments. These costs are amortized over the life of the associated insurance policy, which can be one to three years. Prepaid project costs consist of community specific expenditures that are used over the life of the community. Such prepaids are expensed as homes are delivered. The increase of $5.8 million from October 31, 2014 to April 30, 2015 is associated with the opening of 54 new communities during the first half of fiscal 2015. Other prepaids increased $4.6 million during the period, primarily due to prepaid bond fees associated with our 8.0% Senior Notes due 2019 issued in the first quarter of fiscal 2015, partially offset by the amortization of existing prepaid bond fees. The increase also included prepaid payroll costs related to the timing of the Company’s payroll at April 30, 2015.

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Financial Services - Mortgage loans held for sale consist primarily of residential mortgages receivable held for sale of which $102.0 million and $92.1 million at April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, respectively, were being temporarily warehoused and are awaiting sale in the secondary mortgage market. The increase in mortgage loans held for sale from October 31, 2014 was related to an increase in the volume of loans originated during the second quarter of fiscal 2015 compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, along with an increase in the average loan value.

Income taxes receivable increased $16.0 million to $300.6 million at April 30, 2015 as compared to October 31, 2014. The increase was primarily due to income taxes receivable, including net deferred tax benefits resulting from our loss before income taxes, recorded during the six months ended April 30, 2015.

Nonrecourse mortgages increased to $118.9 million at April 30, 2015 from $103.9 million at October 31, 2014. The increase was primarily due to new mortgages for communities across most of our homebuilding segments obtained during the six months ended April 30, 2015, partially offset by payments of existing mortgages during the period.

Accounts payable and other liabilities are as follows as of:

|  | April 30, |  |  | October 31, |  |  | Dollar |
(In thousands) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | Change |
Accounts payable |  | $121,281 |  |  | $119,657 |  |  | $1,624 |
Reserves |  | 166,068 |  |  | 183,231 |  |  | (17,163 | )
Accrued expenses |  | 16,837 |  |  | 22,490 |  |  | (5,653 | )
Accrued compensation |  | 31,471 |  |  | 37,689 |  |  | (6,218 | )
Other liabilities |  | 7,105 |  |  | 7,809 |  |  | (704 | )
Total |  | $342,762 |  |  | $370,876 |  |  | $(28,114 | )

The slight increase in accounts payable was primarily related to the timing of invoices and payments in the second quarter of fiscal 2015 compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, due to an increase in construction spending during the period, which correlates to the increase in backlog from October 31, 2014 to April 30, 2015. Reserves decreased during the period as payments for warranty related claims exceeded new accruals for general liability insurance. The claim payments during the period were partially offset by amounts reimbursed from our insurance carriers, for which a corresponding receivable had previously been recorded. The decrease in accrued expenses was primarily due to decreases in accrued property tax and amortization of accruals related to abandoned lease space. The decrease in accrued compensation is primarily due to the payment of our fiscal year 2014 bonuses during the first quarter of fiscal 2015, partially offset by six months of the fiscal 2015 bonus accrual.

Customers’ deposits increased $6.5 million to $41.4 million at April 30, 2015. The increase is primarily related to the increase in backlog during the period.

Financial Services - Mortgage warehouse lines of credit increased $6.1 million from $76.9 million at October 31, 2014, to $83.0 million at April 30, 2015. The increase correlates to the increase in the volume of mortgage loans held for sale during the period.

Accrued interest increased $7.7 million to $39.9 million at April 30, 2015. This increase was due to the 8.0% Senior Notes due 2019 issued in the first quarter of fiscal 2015.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED APRIL 30, 2015 COMPARED TO THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED APRIL 30, 2014

Total revenues

Compared to the same prior period, revenues increased (decreased) as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 30, 2015 |  |  | April 30, 2014 |  |  | Dollar Change |  |  | Percentage Change |
Homebuilding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sale of homes |  | $455,172 |  |  | $438,302 |  |  | $16,870 |  |  | 3.8 | %
Land sales and other revenues |  | 1,320 |  |  | 2,215 |  |  | (895 | ) |  | (40.4 | )%
Financial services |  | 12,457 |  |  | 9,412 |  |  | 3,045 |  |  | 32.4 | %
Total revenues |  | $468,949 |  |  | $449,929 |  |  | $19,020 |  |  | 4.2 | %

|  | Six Months Ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 30, 2015 |  |  | April 30, 2014 |  |  | Dollar Change |  |  | Percentage Change |
Homebuilding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sale of homes |  | $888,643 |  |  | $793,483 |  |  | $95,160 |  |  | 12.0 | %
Land sales and other revenues |  | 2,441 |  |  | 2,988 |  |  | (547 | ) |  | (18.3 | )%
Financial services |  | 23,579 |  |  | 17,506 |  |  | 6,073 |  |  | 34.7 | %
Total revenues |  | $914,663 |  |  | $813,977 |  |  | $100,686 |  |  | 12.4 | %

Homebuilding

For the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, sale of homes revenues increased $16.9 million, or 3.8%, and $95.2 million or 12.0%, respectively, as compared to the same period of the prior year. These increases were primarily due to the 4.9% and 7.2% increases in the average price per home for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, respectively. The increase for the three months ended April 30, 2015 was slightly offset by the number of home deliveries decreasing 1.0% compared to the three months ended April 30, 2014; however, there was a 4.4% increase in the number of homes delivered for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. The average price per home increased to $372,000 in the three months ended April 30, 2015 from $355,000 in the three months ended April 30, 2014. The average price per home increased to $375,000 in the six months ended April 30, 2015 from $349,000 in the six months ended April 30, 2014. The fluctuations in average prices were primarily a result of geographic and community mix of our deliveries as opposed to home price increases (which we increase or decrease in communities depending on the respective community's performance). Our ability to raise prices during the first half of fiscal 2015 was limited because in order to increase our sales pace per community, we lowered prices or increased incentives in certain of our communities, especially with respect to certain started unsold homes. Land sales are ancillary to our homebuilding operations and are expected to continue in the future but may significantly fluctuate up or down. For further details on the decrease in land sales and other revenues, see the section titled “Land Sales and Other Revenues” below.

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Information on homes delivered by segment is set forth below:

|  | Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended April 30, |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | % Change |
Northeast: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $39,123 |  |  | $65,550 |  |  | (40.3 | )% |  | $89,764 |  |  | $118,683 |  |  | (24.4 | )%
Homes |  | 70 |  |  | 134 |  |  | (47.8 | )% |  | 166 |  |  | 240 |  |  | (30.8 | )%
Mid-Atlantic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $76,102 |  |  | $68,431 |  |  | 11.2 | % |  | $157,013 |  |  | $128,781 |  |  | 21.9 | %
Homes |  | 164 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 13.1 | % |  | 355 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 31.5 | %
Midwest: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $73,214 |  |  | $48,624 |  |  | 50.6 | % |  | $137,624 |  |  | $92,363 |  |  | 49.0 | %
Homes |  | 218 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 30.5 | % |  | 421 |  |  | 336 |  |  | 25.3 | %
Southeast: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $49,255 |  |  | $50,792 |  |  | (3.0 | )% |  | $87,039 |  |  | $89,920 |  |  | (3.2 | )%
Homes |  | 158 |  |  | 164 |  |  | (3.7 | )% |  | 279 |  |  | 295 |  |  | (5.4 | )%
Southwest: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $189,974 |  |  | $164,212 |  |  | 15.7 | % |  | $356,584 |  |  | $292,297 |  |  | 22.0 | %
Homes |  | 532 |  |  | 551 |  |  | (3.4 | )% |  | 1,009 |  |  | 992 |  |  | 1.7 | %
West: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $27,504 |  |  | $40,693 |  |  | (32.4 | )% |  | $60,619 |  |  | $71,439 |  |  | (15.1 | )%
Homes |  | 81 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 9.5 | % |  | 142 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 2.9 | %
Consolidated total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $455,172 |  |  | $438,302 |  |  | 3.8 | % |  | $888,643 |  |  | $793,483 |  |  | 12.0 | %
Homes |  | 1,223 |  |  | 1,235 |  |  | (1.0 | )% |  | 2,372 |  |  | 2,271 |  |  | 4.4 | %
Unconsolidated joint ventures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $27,325 |  |  | $33,411 |  |  | (18.2 | )% |  | $54,904 |  |  | $77,987 |  |  | (29.6 | )%
Homes |  | 66 |  |  | 96 |  |  | (31.3 | )% |  | 137 |  |  | 198 |  |  | (30.8 | )%
Totals: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $482,497 |  |  | $471,713 |  |  | 2.3 | % |  | $943,547 |  |  | $871,470 |  |  | 8.3 | %
Homes |  | 1,289 |  |  | 1,331 |  |  | (3.2 | )% |  | 2,509 |  |  | 2,469 |  |  | 1.6 | %

As discussed above, the overall increase in housing revenues during the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year was primarily attributed to an increase in average sales price.

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An important indicator of our future results are recently signed contracts and our home contract backlog for future deliveries. Our sales contracts and homes in contract backlog by segment are set forth below:

|  | Net Contracts (1) for the |  |  | Net Contracts (1) for the |  |  | Contract Backlog as of |
|  | Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended April 30, |  |  | April 30, |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Northeast: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $69,717 |  |  | $75,485 |  |  | $126,470 |  |  | $127,523 |  |  | $110,032 |  |  | $113,846 |
Homes |  | 140 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 247 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 237 |
Mid-Atlantic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $116,843 |  |  | $119,935 |  |  | $218,952 |  |  | $190,832 |  |  | $250,862 |  |  | $203,218 |
Homes |  | 247 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 458 |  |  | 403 |  |  | 474 |  |  | 404 |
Midwest: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $101,807 |  |  | $65,242 |  |  | $172,788 |  |  | $113,633 |  |  | $223,759 |  |  | $171,987 |
Homes |  | 311 |  |  | 229 |  |  | 519 |  |  | 397 |  |  | 763 |  |  | 666 |
Southeast: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $66,824 |  |  | $59,467 |  |  | $119,114 |  |  | $93,685 |  |  | $113,146 |  |  | $102,421 |
Homes |  | 205 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 378 |  |  | 295 |  |  | 331 |  |  | 308 |
Southwest: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $290,901 |  |  | $269,985 |  |  | $484,485 |  |  | $428,069 |  |  | $423,221 |  |  | $352,139 |
Homes |  | 761 |  |  | 839 |  |  | 1,299 |  |  | 1,342 |  |  | 1,060 |  |  | 1,027 |
West: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $54,648 |  |  | $79,167 |  |  | $82,088 |  |  | $123,557 |  |  | $50,081 |  |  | $102,644 |
Homes |  | 132 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 155 |
Consolidated total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $700,740 |  |  | $669,281 |  |  | $1,203,897 |  |  | $1,077,299 |  |  | $1,171,101 |  |  | $1,046,255 |
Homes |  | 1,796 |  |  | 1,809 |  |  | 3,115 |  |  | 2,901 |  |  | 2,972 |  |  | 2,797 |
Unconsolidated joint ventures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $50,132 |  |  | $33,768 |  |  | $68,213 |  |  | $81,536 |  |  | $62,433 |  |  | $89,485 |
Homes |  | 98 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 235 |
Totals: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | $750,872 |  |  | $703,049 |  |  | $1,272,110 |  |  | $1,158,835 |  |  | $1,233,534 |  |  | $1,135,740 |
Homes |  | 1,894 |  |  | 1,907 |  |  | 3,260 |  |  | 3,109 |  |  | 3,092 |  |  | 3,032 |

(1) Net contracts are defined as new contracts executed during the period for the purchase of homes, less cancellations of contracts in the same period.

In the first half of 2015, our open for sale community count increased to 207 from 201 at October 31, 2014, which is the net result of opening 54 new communities and closing 48 communities since the beginning of fiscal 2015. Our reported level of sales contracts (net of cancellations) has been impacted by a slow down in the sales pace per community in most of the Company’s segments, in the three months ended April 30, 2015 as compared to the same period in the prior year. For the six months ended April 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year, our sales pace per community increased in most of the company’s segments. Net contracts per average active selling community for the six months ended April 30, 2015 was 15.4 compared to 15.0 for the same period of the prior year. However, net contracts per average active selling community for the three months ended April 30, 2015 was 8.8 compared to 9.3 of the same period in the prior year.

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Cancellation rates represent the number of cancelled contracts in the quarter divided by the number of gross sales contracts executed in the quarter. For comparison, the following are historical cancellation rates, excluding unconsolidated joint ventures:

Quarter |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2013 |  |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
First |  | 16% |  |  | 18% |  |  | 16% |  |  | 21% |  |  | 22% |
Second |  | 16% |  |  | 17% |  |  | 15% |  |  | 16% |  |  | 20% |
Third |  |  |  |  | 22% |  |  | 17% |  |  | 20% |  |  | 18% |
Fourth |  |  |  |  | 22% |  |  | 23% |  |  | 23% |  |  | 21% |

Another common and meaningful way to analyze our cancellation trends is to compare the number of contract cancellations as a percentage of beginning backlog. The following table provides this historical comparison, excluding unconsolidated joint ventures:

Quarter |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2013 |  |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
First |  | 11% |  |  | 11% |  |  | 12% |  |  | 18% |  |  | 18% |
Second |  | 14% |  |  | 17% |  |  | 15% |  |  | 21% |  |  | 22% |
Third |  |  |  |  | 13% |  |  | 12% |  |  | 18% |  |  | 20% |
Fourth |  |  |  |  | 14% |  |  | 14% |  |  | 18% |  |  | 18% |

Most cancellations occur within the legal rescission period, which varies by state but is generally less than two weeks after the signing of the contract. Cancellations also occur as a result of a buyer’s failure to qualify for a mortgage, which generally occurs during the first few weeks after signing. As shown in the tables above, contract cancellations over the past several years have been within what we believe to be a normal range. However, market conditions remain uncertain and it is difficult to predict what cancellation rates will be in the future.

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Total cost of sales on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations includes expenses for consolidated housing and land and lot sales, including inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs (defined as “land charges” in the tables below). A breakout of such expenses for housing sales and housing gross margin is set forth below:

|  | Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended April 30, |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Sale of homes |  | $455,172 |  |  | $438,302 |  |  | $888,643 |  |  | $793,483 |
Cost of sales, net of impairment reversals and excluding interest |  | 381,870 |  |  | 349,867 |  |  | 736,249 |  |  | 638,392 |
Homebuilding gross margin, before cost of sales interest expense and land charges |  | 73,302 |  |  | 88,435 |  |  | 152,394 |  |  | 155,091 |
Cost of sales interest expense, excluding land sales interest expense |  | 11,993 |  |  | 12,024 |  |  | 23,292 |  |  | 21,490 |
Homebuilding gross margin, after cost of sales interest expense, before land charges |  | 61,309 |  |  | 76,411 |  |  | 129,102 |  |  | 133,601 |
Land charges |  | 4,311 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 6,541 |  |  | 1,186 |
Homebuilding gross margin, after cost of sales interest expense and land charges |  | $56,998 |  |  | $75,889 |  |  | $122,561 |  |  | $132,415 |
Gross margin percentage, before cost of sales interest expense and land charges |  | 16.1 | % |  | 20.2 | % |  | 17.1 | % |  | 19.5 | %
Gross margin percentage, after cost of sales interest expense, before land charges |  | 13.5 | % |  | 17.4 | % |  | 14.5 | % |  | 16.8 | %
Gross margin percentage, after cost of sales interest expense and land charges |  | 12.5 | % |  | 17.3 | % |  | 13.8 | % |  | 16.7 | %

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Cost of sales expenses as a percentage of consolidated home sales revenues are presented below:

|  | Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended April 30, |
|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Sale of homes |  | 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  | 100 | %
Cost of sales, net of impairment reversals and excluding interest: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Housing, land and development costs |  | 73.1 | % |  | 70.1 | % |  | 71.9 | % |  | 70.0 | %
Commissions |  | 3.6 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  | 3.6 | % |  | 3.4 | %
Financing concessions |  | 1.4 | % |  | 1.3 | % |  | 1.4 | % |  | 1.3 | %
Overheads |  | 5.8 | % |  | 5.0 | % |  | 6.0 | % |  | 5.8 | %
Total cost of sales, before interest expense and land charges |  | 83.9 | % |  | 79.8 | % |  | 82.9 | % |  | 80.5 | %
Gross margin percentage, before cost of sales interest expense and land charges |  | 16.1 | % |  | 20.2 | % |  | 17.1 | % |  | 19.5 | %
Cost of sales interest |  | 2.6 | % |  | 2.8 | % |  | 2.6 | % |  | 2.7 | %
Gross margin percentage, after cost of sales interest expense and before land charges |  | 13.5 | % |  | 17.4 | % |  | 14.5 | % |  | 16.8 | %

We sell a variety of home types in various communities, each yielding a different gross margin. As a result, depending on the mix of communities delivering homes, consolidated gross margin may fluctuate up or down. Total homebuilding gross margin percentage before interest expense and land impairment and option write off charges, decreased to 16.1% during the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to 20.2% for the same period last year and decreased to 17.1% during the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to 19.5% for the same period last year. The decrease in gross margin percentage was primarily due to increased incentives on started unsold homes in response to competitive pricing pressures in the first half of fiscal 2015 compared to the same period of the prior year and our focused effort on selling and delivering our older started unsold homes. For the six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, gross margin was favorably impacted by the reversal of prior period inventory impairments of $14.9 million and $19.5 million, respectively, which represented 1.7% and 2.5%, respectively, of “Sale of homes” revenue.

Reflected as inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs in cost of sales (“land charges”), we have written-off or written-down certain inventories totaling $4.3 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $6.5 million and $1.2 million during the six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, to their estimated fair value. During the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, we wrote-off residential land options and approval and engineering costs amounting to $0.8 million and $2.1 million compared to $0.4 million and $1.1 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2014, which are included in the total land charges discussed above. When a community is redesigned or abandoned, engineering costs are written-off. Option, approval and engineering costs are written-off when a community’s pro forma profitability is not projected to produce adequate returns on the investment commensurate with the risk and we believe it is probable we will cancel the option. Such write-offs were located in each of our segments in the first half of fiscal 2015, and in our Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, Southeast and Southwest segments in the first half of fiscal 2014. We recorded $3.5 million in inventory impairments during the three months ended April 30, 2015 and $0.1 million of inventory impairments during the three months ended April 30, 2014, and $4.4 million in inventory impairments during the six months ended April 30, 2015 and $0.1 million during the six months ended April 30, 2014, levels which were lower than they had been in several years. It is difficult to predict if impairment levels will remain low and, should it become necessary to further lower prices, or should the estimates or expectations used in determining estimated cash flows or fair value decrease or differ from current estimates in the future, we may need to recognize additional impairments.

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Land Sales and Other Revenues:

Land sales and other revenues consist primarily of land and lot sales. A breakout of land and lot sales is set forth below:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | April 30, |  |  | April 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Land and lot sales |  | $336 |  |  | $1,499 |  |  | $850 |  |  | $1,929 |
Cost of sales, excluding interest |  | 269 |  |  | 566 |  |  | 702 |  |  | 928 |
Land and lot sales gross margin, excluding interest |  | 67 |  |  | 933 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 1,001 |
Land and lot sales interest expense |  | 20 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 407 |
Land and lot sales gross margin, including interest |  | $47 |  |  | $550 |  |  | $109 |  |  | $594 |

Land sales are ancillary to our residential homebuilding operations and are expected to continue in the future but may significantly fluctuate up or down. Although we budget land sales, they are often dependent upon receiving approvals and entitlements, the timing of which can be uncertain. As a result, projecting the amount and timing of land sales is difficult. Revenue associated with land sales can vary significantly due to the mix of land parcels sold. There was one land sale in the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to five in the same period of the prior year, resulting in a decrease of $1.2 million in land sales revenues. There were three land sales in the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to six in the same period of the prior year, resulting in a decrease of $1.1 million in land sales revenue.

Land sales and other revenues decreased $0.9 million and $0.5 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. Other revenues include income from contract cancellations, where the deposit has been forfeited due to contract terminations, interest income, cash discounts and miscellaneous one-time receipts. For the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, compared to the three and six months ended April 30, 2014, the decrease was due to the fluctuation in land sales revenues noted above, slightly offset by income from the sale of utility assets in our Mid-Atlantic segment.

Homebuilding Selling, General and Administrative

Homebuilding selling, general and administrative expenses (“SGA”) increased $4.8 million and $8.5 million for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same period last year mainly due to increases in sales and other compensation, related to increased headcount and increased compensation reflective of the competitive homebuilding market, increased advertising costs related to an increase in community count, increased architectural expenses associated with new home designs and the reduction of joint venture management fees received, which offset general and administrative expenses, as a result of fewer joint venture deliveries. SGA as a percentage of homebuilding revenues was 11.5% and 11.3% for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to 10.9% and 11.5% for the three and six months ended April 30, 2014. These increases in costs are expected as we continue to grow our community count, which increased from 196 to 207 from April 30, 2014 to April 30, 2015. However as we begin to deliver homes from the newer communities, SGA as a percentage of homebuilding revenues should decline.

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HOMEBUILDING OPERATIONS BY SEGMENT

Segment Analysis

|  | Three Months Ended April 30, |
(Dollars in thousands, except average sales price) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | Variance |  |  | Variance % |
Northeast |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding revenue |  | $39,274 |  |  | $65,745 |  |  | $(26,471 | ) |  | (40.3 | )%
Loss before income taxes |  | $(3,812 | ) |  | $(2,759 | ) |  | $(1,053 | ) |  | 38.2 | %
Homes delivered |  | 70 |  |  | 134 |  |  | (64 | ) |  | (47.8 | )%
Average sales price |  | $558,897 |  |  | $489,180 |  |  | $69,717 |  |  | 14.3 | %
Mid-Atlantic |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding revenue |  | $76,777 |  |  | $68,735 |  |  | $8,042 |  |  | 11.7 | %
(Loss) income before income taxes |  | $(178 | ) |  | $2,462 |  |  | $(2,640 | ) |  | (107.2 | )%
Homes delivered |  | 164 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 13.1 | %
Average sales price |  | $464,035 |  |  | $471,938 |  |  | $(7,903 | ) |  | (1.7 | )%
Midwest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding revenue |  | $73,256 |  |  | $48,703 |  |  | $24,553 |  |  | 50.4 | %
Income before income taxes |  | $1,210 |  |  | $3,361 |  |  | $(2,151 | ) |  | (64.0 | )%
Homes delivered |  | 218 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 30.5 | %
Average sales price |  | $335,847 |  |  | $291,162 |  |  | $44,685 |  |  | 15.3 | %
Southeast |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding revenue |  | $49,275 |  |  | $52,023 |  |  | $(2,748 | ) |  | (5.3 | )%
(Loss) income before income taxes |  | $(1,202 | ) |  | $3,315 |  |  | $(4,517 | ) |  | (136.3 | )%
Homes delivered |  | 158 |  |  | 164 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (3.7 | )%
Average sales price |  | $311,740 |  |  | $309,707 |  |  | $2,033 |  |  | 0.7 | %
Southwest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding revenue |  | $190,427 |  |  | $164,633 |  |  | $25,794 |  |  | 15.7 | %
Income before income taxes |  | $14,022 |  |  | $15,676 |  |  | $(1,654 | ) |  | (10.6 | )%
Homes delivered |  | 532 |  |  | 551 |  |  | (19 | ) |  | (3.4 | )%
Average sales price |  | $357,095 |  |  | $298,025 |  |  | $59,070 |  |  | 19.8 | %
West |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding revenue |  | $27,522 |  |  | $40,708 |  |  | $(13,186 | ) |  | (32.4 | )%
(Loss) income before income taxes |  | $(8,963 | ) |  | $2,097 |  |  | $(11,060 | ) |  | (527.4 | )%
Homes delivered |  | 81 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 9.5 | %
Average sales price |  | $339,552 |  |  | $549,905 |  |  | $(210,353 | ) |  | (38.3 | )%

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|  | Six Months Ended April 30, |
(Dollars in thousands, except average sales price) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | Variance |  |  | Variance % |
Northeast |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding revenue |  | $90,004 |  |  | $118,998 |  |  | $(28,994 | ) |  | (24.4 | )%
Loss before income taxes |  | $(6,965 | ) |  | $(8,820 | ) |  | $1,855 |  |  | (21.0 | )%
Homes delivered |  | 166 |  |  | 240 |  |  | (74 | ) |  | (30.8 | )%
Average sales price |  | $540,748 |  |  | $494,512 |  |  | $46,236 |  |  | 9.3 | %
Mid-Atlantic |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding revenue |  | $157,962 |  |  | $129,255 |  |  | $28,707 |  |  | 22.2 | %
Income before income taxes |  | $4,999 |  |  | $4,375 |  |  | $624 |  |  | 14.3 | %
Homes delivered |  | 355 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 31.5 | %
Average sales price |  | $442,290 |  |  | $476,966 |  |  | $(34,676 | ) |  | (7.3 | )%
Midwest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding revenue |  | $137,695 |  |  | $92,461 |  |  | $45,234 |  |  | 48.9 | %
Income before income taxes |  | $4,921 |  |  | $5,716 |  |  | $(795 | ) |  | (13.9 | )%
Homes delivered |  | 421 |  |  | 336 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 25.3 | %
Average sales price |  | $326,899 |  |  | $274,889 |  |  | $52,010 |  |  | 18.9 | %
Southeast |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding revenue |  | $87,169 |  |  | $91,164 |  |  | $(3,995 | ) |  | (4.4 | )%
(Loss) income before income taxes |  | $(2,358 | ) |  | $4,746 |  |  | $(7,104 | ) |  | (149.7 | )%
Homes delivered |  | 279 |  |  | 295 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | (5.4 | )%
Average sales price |  | $311,967 |  |  | $304,813 |  |  | $7,154 |  |  | 2.3 | %
Southwest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding revenue |  | $357,614 |  |  | $293,210 |  |  | $64,404 |  |  | 22.0 | %
Income before income taxes |  | $25,347 |  |  | $26,081 |  |  | $(734 | ) |  | (2.8 | )%
Homes delivered |  | 1,009 |  |  | 992 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 1.7 | %
Average sales price |  | $353,403 |  |  | $294,655 |  |  | $58,748 |  |  | 19.9 | %
West |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Homebuilding revenue |  | $60,715 |  |  | $71,458 |  |  | $(10,743 | ) |  | (15.0 | )%
(Loss) income before income taxes |  | $(11,336 | ) |  | $1,738 |  |  | $(13,074 | ) |  | (752.2 | )%
Homes delivered |  | 142 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2.9 | %
Average sales price |  | $426,891 |  |  | $517,672 |  |  | $(90,781 | ) |  | (17.5 | )%

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Homebuilding Results by Segment

Northeast - Homebuilding revenues decreased 40.3% for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of the prior year. The decrease for the three months ended April 30, 2015 was attributed to a 47.8% decrease in homes delivered partially offset by a 14.3% increase in average sales price due to the mix of communities delivering in the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of fiscal 2014.

Loss before income taxes increased $1.1 million compared to the prior year to a loss of $3.8 million for the three months ended April 30, 2015. This increase in the loss was mainly due to the decrease in homebuilding revenues discussed above and a $0.9 million increase in inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs. In addition, there was a slight decrease in gross margin percentage before interest expense for the three months ended April 30, 2015. The increase in loss was slightly offset by a $2.2 million decrease in selling, general and administrative costs.

Homebuilding revenues decreased 24.4% for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of the prior year. The decrease was attributed to a 30.8% decrease in homes delivered partially offset by a 9.3% increase in average sales price. The increase in average sales price was the result of the mix of communities delivering in the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of fiscal 2014.

Loss before income taxes decreased $1.9 million compared to the prior year to a loss of $7.0 million for the six months ended April 30, 2015. This decrease in loss was due to a $3.9 million decrease in selling, general and administrative costs while gross margin percentage before interest expense for the six months ended April 30, 2015 was relatively flat compared to the same period of the prior year. This decrease in loss was slightly offset by a $0.6 million increase in inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs.

Mid-Atlantic - Homebuilding revenues increased 11.7% for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to a 13.1% increase in homes delivered partially offset by a 1.7% decrease in average sales price for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. The slight decrease in average sales prices was the result of the mix of communities delivering in the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of fiscal 2014. This increase was also impacted by a $0.4 million increase in land sales and other revenue.

Income before income taxes decreased $2.6 million compared to the prior year to a loss of $0.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2015 primarily due to a $1.2 million increase in selling, general and administrative costs and a decrease in g ross margin percentage before interest expense for the three months ended April 30, 2015.

Homebuilding revenues increased 22.2% for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to a 31.5% increase in homes delivered partially offset by a 7.3% decrease in average sales price for the six months ended April 30, 2015. The decrease in average sales prices was the result of the mix of communities delivering in the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of fiscal 2014. The increase in homebuilding revenues was also impacted by a $0.5 million increase in land sales and other revenue.

Income before income taxes increased $0.6 million compared to the prior year to $5.0 million for the six months ended April 30, 2015 due primarily to the increase in homebuilding revenues discussed above. Partially offsetting this increase was a $2.3 million increase in selling, general and administrative costs for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of the prior year while gross margin percentage before interest expense was relatively flat.

Midwest - Homebuilding revenues increased 50.4% for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to a 30.5% increase in homes delivered and a 15.3% increase in average sales price for the three months ended April 30, 2015. The increase in average sales price was the result of the mix of communities delivering in the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of fiscal 2014.

Income before income taxes decreased $2.2 million to $1.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease in the income for the three months ended April 30, 2015 was primarily due to a $2.8 million increase in selling, general and administrative costs and a decrease in gross margin percentage before interest expense for the period.

Homebuilding revenues increased 48.9% for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to a 25.3% increase in homes delivered and an 18.9% increase in average sales price for the six months ended April 30, 2015. The increase in average sales price was the result of the mix of communities delivering in the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of fiscal 2014.

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Income before income taxes decreased $0.8 million compared to the prior year to $4.9 million for the six months ended April 30, 2015. The decrease in income for the six months ended April 30, 2015 was primarily due to a $5.2 million increase in selling, general and administrative costs and a decrease in gross margin percentage before interest expense for the period, partially offset by the increase in homebuilding revenues discussed above.

Southeast - Homebuilding revenues decreased 5.3% for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease for the three months ended April 30, 2015 was attributed to the 3.7% decrease in homes delivered offset slightly by a 0.7% increase in average sales price, as a result of the different mix of communities delivering in the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of fiscal 2014. In addition, there was a $1.2 million decrease in land sales and other revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of the prior year.

Income before income taxes decreased $4.5 million to a loss of $1.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2015 primarily due to the decrease in homebuilding revenues discussed above, a $1.1 million increase in selling, general and administrative costs, and by a decrease in gross margin percentage before interest expense.

Homebuilding revenues decreased 4.4% for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease for the six months ended April 30, 2015 was attributed to the 5.4% decrease in homes delivered, offset by a 2.3% increase in average sales price. The increase in average sales price was primarily due to the different mix of communities delivering in the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of fiscal 2014. In addition, there was a $1.1 million decrease in land sales and other revenue for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period prior year.

Income before income taxes decreased $7.1 million compared to the prior year to a loss of $2.4 million for the six months ended April 30, 2015. The decrease for the six months ended April 30, 2015 was primarily due to the decrease in homebuilding revenue discussed above, along with a $2.0 million increase in selling, general and administrative costs and a decrease in gross margin percentage before interest expense for the period compared to the same period of the prior year.

Southwest - Homebuilding revenues increased 15.7% for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to a 19.8% increase in average sales price, which was the result of the different mix of communities delivering in the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of fiscal 2014, as well as price increases, primarily in the Texas market. The increase in homebuilding revenues was partially offset by a 3.4% decrease in homes delivered for the three months ended April 30, 2015.

Income before income taxes decreased $1.7 million to $14.0 million for the three months ended April 30, 2015. The decrease was primarily due to a $1.2 million increase in selling, general and administrative costs and a slight decrease in gross margin percentage before interest expense for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of the prior year.

Homebuilding revenues increased 22.0% for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to a 1.7% increase in homes delivered and a 19.9% increase in average sales price for the six months ended April 30, 2015, as a result of the different mix of communities delivering in the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of fiscal 2014, as well as price increases, primarily in the Texas market.

Income before income taxes decreased $0.7 million compared to the prior year to $25.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2015. The decrease was due to a $0.7 million increase in inventory impairments and land option write-offs, a $2.4 million increase in selling, general and administrative costs and a slight decrease in gross margin percentage before interest expense for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of the prior year, partially offset by the income in homebuilding revenues discussed above.

West - Homebuilding revenues decreased 32.4% for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease for the three months ended April 30, 2015 was attributed to a 38.3% decrease in average sales price, which was due to the different mix of communities delivering in the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of the prior year, partially offset by a 9.5% increase in homes delivered.

Income before income taxes decreased $11.1 million to a loss of $9.0 million for the three months ended April 30, 2015. The decrease for the three months ended April 30, 2015 was primarily due to the decrease in homebuilding revenues discussed above, a $1.8 million increase in inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs, a $0.4 million increase in selling, general and administrative costs and a $0.9 million decrease in income from unconsolidated joint ventures. In addition, there was a decrease in gross margin percentage before interest expense for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Homebuilding revenues decreased 15.0% for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease for the six months ended April 30, 2015 was attributed to a 17.5% decrease in average sales price, which was due to the different mix of communities delivering in the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period of the prior year, partially offset by a 2.9% increase in homes delivered.

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Income before income taxes decreased $13.1 million compared to the prior year to a loss of $11.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2015. The decrease was due to the decrease in homebuilding revenue discussed above, a $1.9 million increase in inventory impairment loss and land option write-offs, a $0.4 million increase in selling, general and administrative costs and a $2.2 million decrease in income from unconsolidated joint ventures. In addition, there was a decrease in gross margin percentage before interest expense for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Financial Services

Financial services consist primarily of originating mortgages from our homebuyers, selling such mortgages in the secondary market, and title insurance activities. We use mandatory investor commitments and forward sales of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) to hedge our mortgage-related interest rate exposure on agency and government loans. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk. Credit risk associated with MBS forward commitments and loan sales transactions is managed by limiting our counterparties to investment banks, federally regulated bank affiliates and other investors meeting our credit standards. Our risk, in the event of default by the purchaser, is the difference between the contract price and fair value of the MBS forward commitments. For the first half of fiscal 2015 and 2014, Federal Housing Administration and Veterans Administration (“FHA/VA”) loans represented 29.2% and 30.0%, respectively, of our total loans. While the origination of FHA/VA loans have decreased slightly from the first half of fiscal 2014 to the first half of fiscal 2015, and our conforming conventional loan originations were relatively flat at 67.9% compared to 67.7% for these periods, respectively. Profits and losses relating to the sale of mortgage loans are recognized when legal control passes to the buyer of the mortgage and the sales price is collected.

During the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, financial services provided a $5.0 million and $8.8 million pretax profit compared to $2.7 million and $4.1 million of pretax profit for the same periods of fiscal 2014. Revenues were up 32.4% and 34.7% and costs were up 11.9% and 10.8% for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the three and six months ended April 30, 2014, respectively. The increase in revenues was attributable to the increase in mortgage settlements and average price of loans settled for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in costs was attributed to the increase in the number of loans originated for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year. In the market areas served by our wholly owned mortgage banking subsidiaries, approximately 73.2% and 64.5% of our noncash homebuyers obtained mortgages originated by these subsidiaries during the three months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and 72.1% and 65.8% of our noncash homebuyers obtained mortgages originated by these subsidiaries for the six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Servicing rights on new mortgages originated by us are sold with the loans.

Corporate General and Administrative

Corporate general and administrative expenses include the operations at our headquarters in Red Bank, New Jersey. These expenses include payroll, stock compensation, facility and other costs associated with our executive offices, information services, human resources, corporate accounting, training, treasury, process redesign, internal audit, construction services, and administration of insurance, quality and safety. Corporate general and administrative expenses increased to $16.5 million for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to $14.6 million for the three months ended April 30, 2014, and increased to $33.4 million for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to $31.0 million for the six months ended April 30, 2014. The increase in the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 from the prior year period was primarily attributed to increased stock compensation costs.

Other Interest

Other interest decreased $0.4 million for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2014 and increased $1.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the six months ended April 30, 2014. Our assets that qualify for interest capitalization (inventory under development) are less than our debt, and therefore a portion of interest not covered by qualifying assets must be directly expensed. The decrease for the three months ended April 30, 2015 was attributed to our inventory balances for the qualifying assets increasing enough to cause the amount of interest required to be directly expensed to decrease. The increase in the six months ended April 30, 2015 was attributed to the increase in interest incurred as a result of higher debt balances, thus more interest was required to be directly expensed, partially offset by the reduction in directly expensed interest as our assets that qualify for interest capitalization increased with the increase in inventory.

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Other Operations

Other operations consist primarily of miscellaneous residential housing operations expenses, rent expense for commercial office space, amortization of prepaid bond fees and noncontrolling interest relating to consolidated joint ventures. Other operations increased $0.6 million to $1.8 million for the three months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2014 and $1.1 million to $3.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the six months ended April 30, 2014. The increase for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 compared to the same period in the prior year was due to increased prepaid bond fees amortization as a result of additional debt issuances.

Total Taxes

The total income tax benefit of $9.9 million and $15.2 million recognized for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015, respectively, was primarily due to deferred taxes partially offset by state tax expenses and state tax reserves for uncertain tax positions. The total income tax expense of $0.6 million and $1.2 million recognized for the three and six months ended April 30, 2014, respectively, was primarily due to various state tax expenses and state tax reserves for uncertain tax positions.

Deferred federal and state income tax assets primarily represent the deferred tax benefits arising from temporary differences between book and tax income which will be recognized in future years as an offset against future taxable income. If the combination of future years’ income (or loss) and the reversal of the timing differences results in a loss, such losses can be carried forward to future years. In accordance with ASC 740, we evaluate our deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required. ASC 740 requires that companies assess whether valuation allowances should be established based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard.

As of October 31, 2014, and again at April 30, 2015, we concluded that it was more likely than not that a substantial amount of our deferred tax assets (“DTA”) would be utilized. This conclusion was based on a detailed evaluation of all relevant evidence, both positive and negative. The positive evidence included factors such as positive earnings for the last two full fiscal years and the expectation of earnings going forward over the long term and evidence of a sustained recovery in the housing markets in which we operate. Such evidence is supported by significant increases in key financial indicators over the last few years, including new orders, revenues, backlog, community count and deliveries compared with the prior years. Economic data has also been affirming the housing market recovery. Housing starts, homebuilding volume and prices are increasing and forecasted to continue to increase. Historically low mortgage rates, affordable home prices, reduced foreclosures and a favorable home ownership to rental comparison are key factors in the recovery.

Potentially offsetting this positive evidence, we are currently in a three year cumulative loss position as of April 30, 2015. As per ASC 740, cumulative losses are one of the most objectively verifiable forms of negative evidence. Thus, an entity that has suffered cumulative losses in recent years may find it difficult to support an assertion that a DTA could be realized if such an assertion is based on forecasts of future profitable results rather than an actual return to profitability. In other words, an entity that has cumulative losses generally should not use an estimate of future earnings to support a conclusion that realization of an existing DTA is more likely than not if such a forecast is not based on objectively verifiable information. An objectively verifiable estimate of future income in that instance would be based on operating results from the reporting entity's recent history.

We determined that the positive evidence noted above, including our two fiscal years of sustained operating profitability, outweighed the existing negative evidence and because of our current backlog, we expect to be in a three year cumulative income position by the end of fiscal 2015. Given that ASC 740 suggests using recent historical operating results in the instance where a three year cumulative loss position still exists, we used our recent historical profit levels in projecting our pretax income over the future years in assessing the utilization of our existing DTAs. Therefore, we concluded that it is more likely than not that we will realize a substantial portion of our DTAs, and that a full valuation allowance is not necessary. This analysis resulted in a partial reversal equal to $285.1 million of our valuation allowance against DTAs at October 31, 2014, leaving a remaining valuation allowance of $642.0 million at October 31, 2014. Our valuation allowance for deferred taxes amounted to $642.5 million at April 30, 2015.

Inflation

Inflation has a long-term effect, because increasing costs of land, materials and labor result in increasing sale prices of our homes. In general, these price increases have been commensurate with the general rate of inflation in our housing markets and have not had a significant adverse effect on the sale of our homes. A significant risk faced by the housing industry generally is that rising house construction costs, including land and interest costs, will substantially outpace increases in the income of potential purchasers.

Inflation has a lesser short-term effect, because we generally negotiate fixed price contracts with many, but not all, of our subcontractors and material suppliers for the construction of our homes. These prices usually are applicable for a specified number of residential buildings or for a time period of between three to twelve months. Construction costs for residential buildings represent approximately 56.0% of our homebuilding cost of sales.

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Safe Harbor Statement

All statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts should be considered as “Forward-Looking Statements” within the meaning of the “Safe Harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in, or suggested by, such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. Such risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to:

| ● | Changes in general and local economic, industry and business conditions and impacts of the sustained homebuilding downturn;

| ● | Adverse weather and other environmental conditions and natural disasters;

| ● | Levels of indebtedness and restrictions on the Company’s operations and activities imposed by the agreements governing the Company’s outstanding indebtedness;

| ● | The Company’s sources of liquidity;

| ● | Changes in credit ratings;

| ● | Changes in market conditions and seasonality of the Company’s business;

| ● | The availability and cost of suitable land and improved lots;

| ● | Shortages in, and price fluctuations of, raw materials and labor;

| ● | Regional and local economic factors, including dependency on certain sectors of the economy, and employment levels affecting home prices and sales activity in the markets where the Company builds homes;

| ● | Fluctuations in interest rates and the availability of mortgage financing;

| ● | Changes in tax laws affecting the after-tax costs of owning a home;

| ● | Operations through joint ventures with third parties;

| ● | Government regulation, including regulations concerning development of land, the home building, sales and customer financing processes, tax laws and the environment;

| ● | Product liability litigation, warranty claims and claims made by mortgage investors;

| ● | Levels of competition;

| ● | Availability of financing to the Company;

| ● | Successful identification and integration of acquisitions;

| ● | Significant influence of the Company’s controlling stockholders;

| ● | Availability of net operating loss carryforwards;

| ● | Utility shortages and outages or rate fluctuations;

| ● | Geopolitical risks, terrorist acts and other acts of war.

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Certain risks, uncertainties and other factors are described in detail in Part I, Item 1 “Business” and Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2014. Except as otherwise required by applicable securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

A primary market risk facing us is interest rate risk on our long term debt, including debt instruments at variable interest rates. In connection with our mortgage operations, mortgage loans held for sale and the associated mortgage warehouse lines of credit under our Master Repurchase Agreements are subject to interest rate risk; however, such obligations reprice frequently and are short-term in duration. In addition, we hedge the interest rate risk on mortgage loans by obtaining forward commitments from private investors. Accordingly, the interest rate risk from mortgage loans is not material. We do not use financial instruments to hedge interest rate risk except with respect to mortgage loans. The following table sets forth as of April 30, 2015, our principal cash payment obligations on our long-term debt obligations by scheduled maturity, weighted average interest rates and estimated fair value (“FV”).

|  | Long Term Debt as of April 30, 2015 by Fiscal Year of Expected Maturity Date |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | Thereafter |  |  | Total |  |  | FV at 4/30/15 |
Long term debt (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate |  | $182,459 |  |  | $265,194 |  |  | $127,593 |  |  | $76,169 |  |  | $151,536 |  |  | $1,252,064 |  |  | $2,055,015 |  |  | $2,065,120 |
Weighted average interest rate |  | 7.33 | % |  | 6.75 | % |  | 8.72 | % |  | 6.23 | % |  | 7.02 | % |  | 7.27 | % |  | 7.24 | % |  |  |

(1) | Does not include the mortgage warehouse lines of credit made under our Master Repurchase Agreements. Also does not include our $75.0 million revolving Credit Facility under which there were no borrowings outstanding and $22.4 million of letters of credit issued as of April 30, 2015. See Note 10 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

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Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of April 30, 2015. Based upon that evaluation and subject to the foregoing, the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to accomplish their objectives.

There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended April 30, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Information with respect to legal proceedings is incorporated into this Part II, Item 1 from Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

No shares of our Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock were purchased by or on behalf of the Company or any affiliated purchaser during the fiscal second quarter of 2015. The maximum number of shares that may be purchased under the Company’s repurchase plans or programs is 0.5 million.

Dividends

Certain debt agreements to which we are a party contain restrictions on the payment of cash dividends. As a result of the most restrictive of these provisions, we are not currently able to pay any cash dividends. We have never paid a cash dividend to our common stockholders.

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Item 6. EXHIBITS

3(a) | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant.(2)

3(b) | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant.(3)

4(a) | Specimen Class A Common Stock Certificate.(6)

4(b) | Specimen Class B Common Stock Certificate.(6)

4(c) | Certificate of Designations, Powers, Preferences and Rights of the 7.625% Series A Preferred Stock of Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc., dated January 12, 2005.(4)

4(d) | Certificate of Designations of the Series B Junior Preferred Stock of Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc., dated August 14, 2008.(1)

4(e) | Rights Agreement, dated as of August 14, 2008, between Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. and National City Bank, as Rights Agent, which includes the Form of Certificate of Designation as Exhibit A, Form of Right Certificate as Exhibit B and the Summary of Rights as Exhibit C.(5)

31(a) | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.

31(b) | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.

32(a) | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.

32(b) | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.

101 | The following financial information from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2015, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at April 30, 2015 and October 31, 2014, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Equity for the six months ended April 30, 2015, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended April 30, 2015 and 2014, and (v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

| (1) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (001-08551) of the Registrant for the quarter ended July 31, 2008.

| (2) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to Current Report on Form 8-K (001-08551) of the Registrant filed March 15, 2013.

| (3) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to Current Report on Form 8-K (001-08551) of the Registrant filed March 11, 2015.

| (4) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to Current Report on Form 8-K (001-08551) of the Registrant filed on July 13, 2005.

| (5) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to the Registration Statement on Form 8-A (001-08551) of the Registrant filed August 14, 2008.

| (6) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (001-08551) of the Registrant for the quarter ended January 31, 2009.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC.

(Registrant)

| DATE: | June 9, 2015
|  | /S/J. LARRY SORSBY
|  | J. Larry Sorsby
|  | Executive Vice President and
|  | Chief Financial Officer
| DATE: | June 9, 2015
|  | /S/Brad G. O’Connor
|  | Brad G. O’Connor
|  | Vice President/Chief Accounting Officer/Corporate Controller

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