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Note 15 - Income Taxes | 6 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2019
Notes to Financial Statements |
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block] |
15. | Income Taxes
The total income tax expense for the three and six months ended April 30, 2019 was $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively, and $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively, for the same periods of the prior year. For both the three and six months ended April 30, 2019 and the three and six months ended April 30, 2018, the total income tax expense was primarily related to state tax expense from income generated that was not offset by tax benefits in states where we fully reserve the tax benefit from net operating losses. Our federal net operating losses of $1.6 billion expire between 2028 and 2037, and $41.9 million have an indefinite carryforward period. Of our $2.5 billion of state NOLs, $145.3 million expire between 2019 through 2023; $691.2 million expire between 2024 through 2028; $1.3 billion expire between 2029 through 2033; $316.1 million expire between 2034 through 2038; and $43.2 million have an indefinite carryforward period . Deferred federal and state income tax assets (“DTAs”) primarily represent the deferred tax benefits arising from NOL carryforwards and temporary differences between book and tax income which will be recognized in future years as an offset against future taxable income. If the combination of future years’ income (or loss) and the reversal of the timing differences results in a loss, such losses can be carried forward to future years. In accordance with ASC 740, we evaluate our DTAs quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required. ASC 740 requires that companies assess whether valuation allowances should be established based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. As of April 30, 2019 , we considered all available positive and negative evidence to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, our valuation allowance for our DTAs was appropriate in accordance with ASC 740 . Listed below, in order of the weighting of each factor, is the available positive and negative evidence that we considered in determining that it is more likely than not that all of our DTAs will not be realized. In analyzing these factors, overall the negative evidence, both objective and subjective, outweighed the positive evidence. Based on this analysis, we determined that the current valuation allowance for deferred taxes of $642.9 million as of April 30, 2019, which fully reserves for our DTAs, is appropriate.
| 1. | Fiscal 2017 financial results, especially the $50.2 million pre-tax loss in the third quarter of fiscal 2017 primarily from the $42.3 million loss on extinguishment of debt during the quarter, that put us in a cumulative three -year pre-tax loss position as of July 31, 2017. As of April 30, 2019, the Company has slightly positive pre-tax income when adjusted for permanent differences on a three year cumulative basis. However, on a US GAAP basis, the Company is still in a three year cumulative pre-tax loss position as of April 30, 2019. Therefore, it is too early to conclude whether we will continue to not be in a three -year cumulative loss position going forward on a tax accounting basis. Per ASC 740, cumulative losses are one of the most objectively verifiable forms of negative evidence. (Negative Objective Evidence)
| 2. | In the third quarter of fiscal 2017 and second and third quarters of fiscal 2018, we completed debt refinancing/restructuring transactions which, by extending our debt maturities, will enable us to allocate cash to invest in new communities and grow our community count to get back to sustained profitability. (Positive Objective Evidence)
| 3. | Recent financial results of $48.1 million pre-tax income in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 and $8.1 million pre-tax income for the year ended October 31, 2018. ( Positive Objective Evidence)
| 4. | Our net contracts per community declined in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 and the second quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2018, consistent with data for the overall housing market. This slow down may be the beginning of a cyclical housing downturn or may just be temporary because of recent increases in mortgage rates. (Negative Objective Evidence)
| 5. | We incurred pre-tax losses during the housing market decline and the slower than expected housing market recovery. (Negative Objective Evidence)
| 6. | We exited two geographic markets in fiscal 2016 and completed the wind down of operations in two other markets in fiscal 2018, that have historically had losses. By exiting these underperforming markets, the Company will be able to redeploy capital to better performing markets, which over time should improve our profitability. (Positive Subjective Evidence)
| 7. | The historical cyclicality of the U.S. housing market, a more restrictive mortgage lending environment compared to before the housing downturn, the uncertainty of the overall US economy and government policies and consumer confidence, all or any of which could continue to hamper a sustained, stronger recovery of the housing market. (Negative Subjective Evidence)

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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