10-Q 1 schl20170228-10q.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
Quarterly Report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended February 28, 2017 |  | Commission File No. 000-19860

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 13-3385513
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
557 Broadway, New York, New York | 10012
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (212) 343-6100
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer o | Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o N o x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of Common Stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Title |  | Number of shares outstanding
of each class |  | as of February 28, 2017
Common Stock, $.01 par value |  | 33,169,989
Class A Stock, $.01 par value |  | 1,656,200

1

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED FEBRUARY 28, 2017
INDEX

Part I - Financial Information | Page
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 6
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 8
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 32
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures | 33
Part II – Other Information |
Item 6. |  | Exhibits | 34
Signatures |  |  | 35

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| February 28, |  | February 29, |  | February 28, |  | February 29,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Revenues | $ | 336.2 |  |  | $ | 366.0 |  |  | $ | 1,242.0 |  |  | $ | 1,159.0 |
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of goods sold | 160.3 |  |  | 178.0 |  |  | 601.3 |  |  | 549.6 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) | 190.0 |  |  | 188.3 |  |  | 587.4 |  |  | 563.0 |
Depreciation and amortization | 9.5 |  |  | 9.2 |  |  | 28.6 |  |  | 30.3 |
Asset impairments | — |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 6.9 |
Total operating costs and expenses | 359.8 |  |  | 382.4 |  |  | 1,217.3 |  |  | 1,149.8 |
Operating income (loss) | (23.6 | ) |  | (16.4 | ) |  | 24.7 |  |  | 9.2 |
Interest income (expense), net | (0.3 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (1.0 | ) |  | (0.8 | )
Gain (loss) on investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.2 |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | (23.9 | ) |  | (16.6 | ) |  | 23.7 |  |  | 10.6 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | (8.4 | ) |  | (9.4 | ) |  | 10.8 |  |  | 1.5 |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | (15.5 | ) |  | (7.2 | ) |  | 12.9 |  |  | 9.1 |
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | 0.1 |  |  | (1.8 | ) |  | 0.0 |  |  | (2.6 | )
Net income (loss) | $ | (15.4 | ) |  | $ | (9.0 | ) |  | $ | 12.9 |  |  | $ | 6.5 |
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per Share of Class A and Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (0.45 | ) |  | $ | (0.21 | ) |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 0.27 |
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.05 | ) |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | $ | (0.08 | )
Net income (loss) | $ | (0.44 | ) |  | $ | (0.26 | ) |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 0.19 |
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (0.45 | ) |  | $ | (0.21 | ) |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.05 | ) |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | $ | (0.07 | )
Net income (loss) | $ | (0.44 | ) |  | $ | (0.26 | ) |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.19 |
Dividends declared per Class A and Common Share | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.45 |

See accompanying notes
3

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions)

| Three months ended | Nine months ended
| February 28, |  | February 29, | February 28, |  | February 29,
| 2017 |  | 2016 | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income (loss) | $ | (15.4 | ) |  | $ | (9.0 | ) | $ | 12.9 |  |  | $ | 6.5 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 0.9 |  |  | (3.1 | ) | (6.1 | ) |  | (11.3 | )
Pension and post-retirement adjustments (net of tax) | 0.7 |  |  | 0.8 |  | 2.1 |  |  | 2.3 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | (2.3 | ) | $ | (4.0 | ) |  | $ | (9.0 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (13.8 | ) |  | $ | (11.3 | ) | $ | 8.9 |  |  | $ | (2.5 | )

See accompanying notes
4

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

| February 28, 2017 |  | May 31, 2016 |  | February 29, 2016
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 461.8 |  |  | $ | 399.7 |  |  | $ | 351.9 |
Restricted cash held in escrow | — |  |  | 9.9 |  |  | 17.3 |
Accounts receivable, net | 172.4 |  |  | 196.3 |  |  | 188.1 |
Inventories, net | 351.2 |  |  | 271.2 |  |  | 333.1 |
Deferred income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | 81.2 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 68.8 |  |  | 72.5 |  |  | 83.3 |
Current assets of discontinued operations | 0.4 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.6 |
Total current assets | 1,054.6 |  |  | 950.1 |  |  | 1,055.5 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 455.3 |  |  | 437.6 |  |  | 439.6 |
Prepublication costs, net | 43.0 |  |  | 41.8 |  |  | 42.0 |
Royalty advances, net | 48.7 |  |  | 44.0 |  |  | 42.9 |
Goodwill | 116.2 |  |  | 116.2 |  |  | 116.2 |
Noncurrent deferred income taxes | 68.5 |  |  | 68.5 |  |  | 5.2 |
Other assets and deferred charges | 61.3 |  |  | 54.9 |  |  | 59.3 |
Total noncurrent assets | 793.0 |  |  | 763.0 |  |  | 705.2 |
Total assets | $ | 1,847.6 |  |  | $ | 1,713.1 |  |  | $ | 1,760.7 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lines of credit and current portion of long-term debt | $ | 5.8 |  |  | $ | 6.3 |  |  | $ | 8.2 |
Accounts payable | 194.2 |  |  | 138.2 |  |  | 196.4 |
Accrued royalties | 87.5 |  |  | 31.6 |  |  | 52.8 |
Deferred revenue | 56.0 |  |  | 23.5 |  |  | 52.7 |
Other accrued expenses | 161.8 |  |  | 175.9 |  |  | 153.1 |
Accrued income taxes | 2.7 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | 2.8 |
Current liabilities of discontinued operations | 0.1 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 1.5 |
Total current liabilities | 508.1 |  |  | 378.3 |  |  | 467.5 |
Noncurrent Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 70.5 |  |  | 77.2 |  |  | 67.0 |
Total noncurrent liabilities | 70.5 |  |  | 77.2 |  |  | 67.0 |
Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred Stock, $1.00 par value | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Class A Stock, $0.01 par value | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |
Common Stock, $0.01 par value | 0.4 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.4 |
Additional paid-in capital | 604.7 |  |  | 600.7 |  |  | 601.5 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (90.7 | ) |  | (86.7 | ) |  | (86.0 | )
Retained earnings | 1,057.1 |  |  | 1,059.8 |  |  | 1,030.9 |
Treasury stock at cost | (302.5 | ) |  | (316.6 | ) |  | (320.6 | )
Total stockholders’ equity | 1,269.0 |  |  | 1,257.6 |  |  | 1,226.2 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 1,847.6 |  |  | $ | 1,713.1 |  |  | $ | 1,760.7 |

See accompanying notes
5

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions)

| Nine months ended
| February 28, |  | February 29,
| 2017 |  | 2016
Cash flows - operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | 12.9 |  |  | 6.5 |
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | 0.0 |  |  | (2.6 | )
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | 12.9 |  |  | 9.1 |
Adjustments to reconcile earnings (loss) from continuing operations to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of continuing operations: |  |  |  |  |
Provision for losses on accounts receivable | 9.3 |  |  | 8.9 |
Provision for losses on inventory | 8.7 |  |  | 13.5 |
Provision for losses on royalty advances | 3.3 |  |  | 2.6 |
Amortization of prepublication and production costs | 17.2 |  |  | 20.6 |
Depreciation and amortization | 28.9 |  |  | 30.6 |
Amortization of pension and post-retirement actuarial gains and losses | 3.1 |  |  | 3.3 |
Deferred income taxes | 0.1 |  |  | 0.7 |
Stock-based compensation | 8.7 |  |  | 8.1 |
Income from equity investments | (4.9 | ) |  | (3.0 | )
Non-cash write off related to asset impairments | — |  |  | 6.9 |
(Gain) loss on investments | — |  |  | (2.2 | )
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of amounts acquired: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 12.3 |  |  | (8.3 | )
Inventories | (91.1 | ) |  | (93.2 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (0.5 | ) |  | (41.1 | )
Deferred promotion costs | (4.1 | ) |  | (3.6 | )
Royalty advances | (8.3 | ) |  | (6.6 | )
Accounts payable | 52.8 |  |  | 41.5 |
Other accrued expenses | (13.6 | ) |  | (18.9 | )
Accrued income taxes | 1.1 |  |  | (151.6 | )
Accrued royalties | 56.3 |  |  | 26.8 |
Deferred revenue | 32.4 |  |  | 31.6 |
Pension and post-retirement liabilities | (5.7 | ) |  | (3.9 | )
Other noncurrent liabilities | (1.9 | ) |  | (9.0 | )
Other, net | (2.6 | ) |  | (4.6 | )
Total adjustments | 101.5 |  |  | (150.9 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of continuing operations | 114.4 |  |  | (141.8 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of discontinued operations | (1.0 | ) |  | (9.8 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 113.4 |  |  | (151.6 | )
Cash flows - investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Prepublication and production expenditures | (19.0 | ) |  | (18.2 | )
Additions to property, plant and equipment | (36.1 | ) |  | (22.0 | )
Other investment and acquisition-related payments | (0.4 | ) |  | (3.7 | )
Proceeds from the sale of investments | — |  |  | 3.3 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities of continuing operations | (55.5 | ) |  | (40.6 | )
Working capital adjustment from sale of discontinued assets | — |  |  | (2.9 | )
Changes in restricted cash held in escrow for discontinued assets | 9.9 |  |  | 17.2 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (45.6 | ) |  | (26.3 | )

See accompanying notes
6

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions)

| Nine months ended
| February 28, |  | February 29,
| 2017 |  | 2016
Cash flows - financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings under lines of credit | 25.9 |  |  | 35.9 |
Repayments of lines of credit | (26.4 | ) |  | (33.1 | )
Repayment of capital lease obligations | (0.8 | ) |  | (0.5 | )
Reacquisition of common stock | (6.0 | ) |  | (5.8 | )
Proceeds pursuant to stock-based compensation plans | 18.4 |  |  | 34.2 |
Payment of dividends | (15.6 | ) |  | (15.4 | )
Net collections (remittances) under transition services agreement | 0.1 |  |  | 4.5 |
Other | (1.1 | ) |  | 4.4 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (5.5 | ) |  | 24.2 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (0.2 | ) |  | (1.2 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 62.1 |  |  | (154.9 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 399.7 |  |  | 506.8 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 461.8 |  |  | $ | 351.9 |

See accompanying notes
7

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Principles of consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Scholastic Corporation (the “Corporation”) and all wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries (collectively, “Scholastic” or the “Company”). Intercompany transactions are eliminated in consolidation. These financial statements have not been audited but reflect those adjustments consisting of normal recurring items that management considers necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss) and cash flows. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2016 (the “Annual Report”).
The Company’s fiscal year is not a calendar year. Accordingly, references in this document to fiscal 2016 relate to the twelve-month period ended May 31, 2016. Certain reclassifications have been made to conform to the current year presentation.
Seasonality
The Company’s Children’s Book Publishing and Distribution school-based book fair and book club channels and most of its Education businesses operate on a school-year basis; therefore, the Company’s business is highly seasonal. As a result, the Company’s revenues in the first and third quarters of the fiscal year generally are lower than its revenues in the other two fiscal quarters. Typically, school-based channel and magazine revenues are minimal in the first quarter of the fiscal year as schools are not in session. Trade sales can vary through the year due to varying release dates of published titles. The Company generally experiences a loss from operations in the first and third quarters of each fiscal year.
Use of estimates
The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. The preparation of these financial statements involves the use of estimates and assumptions by management, which affects the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, current business factors, and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, all of which are necessary in order to form a basis for determining the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates the adequacy of its reserves and the estimates used in calculations, including, but not limited to:

• | Accounts receivable reserves for returns

• | Accounts receivable allowance for doubtful accounts

• | Pension and other post-retirement obligations

• | Uncertain tax positions

• | Inventory reserves

• | Cost of goods sold from book fair operations during interim periods determined based on estimated gross profit rates

• | Sales taxes

• | Royalty advance reserves

• | Customer reward programs

• | Impairment testing for goodwill for assessment and measurement, and other long-lived assets and investments

• | Assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations.

8

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

New Accounting Pronouncements
ASU 2017-07
In March 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update (the "ASU") No. 2017-07, Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. The ASU requires entities to disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net periodic benefit costs and present it with other current compensation costs for related employees in the income statement, and present the other components elsewhere in the income statement and outside of income from operations if that subtotal is presented. The amendments in this update also allow only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable.
The ASU will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
ASU 2017-04
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which removes step two from the goodwill impairment test (comparison of implied fair value of goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill for a reporting unit). Instead, an entity should perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill.
The ASU will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
ASU 2016-16
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory.” The ASU removes the prohibition against the immediate recognition of the current and deferred income tax effects of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. The ASU, which is part of the FASB’s simplification initiative, is intended to reduce the complexity and diversity in practice related to the tax consequences of certain types of intra-entity asset transfers, particularly those involving intellectual property.
The ASU will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
ASU 2016-18 and ASU 2016-15
In November 2016 and August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash and ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (A Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force), respectively, which address specific statement of cash flows classification issues.
The ASUs will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The Company is evaluating the impact of these ASUs on its cash flows.
ASU 2016-13
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). This ASU introduces amendments to the accounting for credit losses on instruments defined within the ASU's scope and will impact both financial services and non-financial services entities. Due to its broad scope, which includes trade and lease receivables, this ASU states that it is likely that all entities will need to evaluate the impact of its amendments. Under the amendments, an entity will recognize, as an allowance, its estimate of expected credit losses, which the FASB believes will result in more timely recognition of such losses. The ASU does not prescribe a specific method to make the estimate so its application will require significant judgment.
The ASU will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
9

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

ASU 2016-09
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The amendments in this ASU require, among other things, that all income tax effects of awards be recognized in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The ASU also allows for an employer to repurchase more of an employee's shares than it currently can for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and allows for a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur.
The ASU will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
ASU 2016-02
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The amendments in this ASU require, among other things, lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability in the balance sheet for all leases. The lease liability will be measured at the present value of the lease payments over the lease term and the right-of-use asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayments, lease incentives received and lessee's initial direct costs (e.g., commissions).
The ASU will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
ASU 2015-11
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, as part of its Simplification Initiative. Currently, inventory is measured at the lower of cost or market. The amendments in this ASU require entities that measure inventory using any method other than last-in, first-out or the retail inventory method to measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation.
The ASU will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers
In May 2014, the FASB announced that it is amending the FASB ASC by issuing ASU 2014-09, Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (the "New Revenue Standard"). The amendments in this ASU provide a single model for use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific revenue guidance. The core principle of the new ASU is that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. New disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers are also required. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of the New Revenue Standard. In 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-11, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20 to clarify, among other things, the implementation guidance related to principal versus agent considerations, identifying performance obligations, and accounting for licenses of intellectual property. The amendments in this update are to be applied on a retrospective basis, either to each prior reporting period presented or by presenting the cumulative effect of applying the update recognized at the date of initial application.
The New Revenue Standard will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The Company is evaluating the adoption methodology and the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
2. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
The Company continuously evaluates its portfolio of businesses for both impairment and economic viability, as well as for possible strategic dispositions. The Company monitors the expected cash proceeds to be realized from the disposition of discontinued operations’ assets, and adjusts asset values accordingly.
10

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

During the nine month period ended February 28, 2017, the Company did not dispose of any new components of the business that would meet the criteria for discontinued operations reporting.
On May 29, 2015, the Company completed the sale of substantially all of the assets comprising its former educational technology and services (“Ed Tech”) business and categorized this business as a discontinued operation. In connection with the sale of the Ed Tech business to the purchaser, the Company entered into a transition services agreement whereby the Company provided administrative, distribution and other services to the purchaser. Transition service fees under this agreement were recorded as a reduction to Selling, general and administrative expenses. All services under the transition services agreement were terminated on August 1, 2016.
As of February 28, 2017, the Company had adequately fulfilled all service requirements and there were no hold backs from the escrow for breaches of representations and warranties or other claims.
The following table summarizes the operating results of the discontinued operations for the periods indicated:

|  | Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
|  | February 28, |  | February 29, |  |  | February 28, |  | February 29, |
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Revenues |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |
Operating costs and expenses |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 2.2 |
Interest income (expense) |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Gain (loss) on sale (1) |  | — |  |  | (2.9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2.9 | )
Earnings (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | (3.1 | ) |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | (4.3 | )
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |  | 0.1 |  |  | (1.3 | ) |  | 0.0 |  |  | (1.7 | )
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | (1.8 | ) |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | (2.6 | )

(1) For the three and nine months ended February 29, 2016, the Company recognized a pretax loss of $2.9 related to the final adjustment to the working capital estimate from the sale of the Ed Tech business.
The following table sets forth the assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets of the Company:

| February 28, 2017 |  | May 31, 2016 |  | February 29, 2016
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 0.3 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.5 |
Current assets of discontinued operations | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | 0.6 |
Accounts payable | — |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |
Accrued royalties | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.1 |
Deferred revenue | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |
Other accrued expenses | 0.1 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 1.3 |
Current liabilities of discontinued operations | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 1.2 |  |  | $ | 1.5 |

As of February 28, 2017, May 31, 2016 and February 29, 2016, assets and liabilities of discontinued operations primarily related to insignificant continuing cash flows from passive activities.
3. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company categorizes its businesses into three reportable segments: Children’s Book Publishing and Distribution; Education; and International. This classification reflects the nature of products and services consistent with the method by which the Company’s chief operating decision-maker assesses operating performance and allocates resources.

• | Children’s Book Publishing and Distribution operates as an integrated business which includes the publication and distribution of children’s books, ebooks, media and interactive products in the United

11

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

States through its book clubs and book fairs in its school channels and through the trade channel. This segment is comprised of three operating segments.

• | Education includes the publication and distribution to schools and libraries of children’s books, classroom magazines, supplemental classroom materials and related support services, and print and on-line reference and non-fiction products for grades pre-kindergarten to 12 in the United States. This segment is comprised of two operating segments.

• | International includes the publication and distribution of products and services outside the United States by the Company’s international operations, and its export and foreign rights businesses. This segment is comprised of three operating segments.

| Children’s Book Publishing & Distribution |  | Education |  | Overhead (1) |  | Total Domestic |  | International |  | Total
Three months ended February 28, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 199.0 |  |  | $ | 60.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 259.1 |  |  | $ | 77.1 |  |  | $ | 336.2 |
Bad debt | 0.1 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 1.6 |
Depreciation and amortization (2) | 5.3 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 13.4 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | 15.0 |
Segment operating income (loss) | 6.3 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | (29.5 | ) |  | (19.7 | ) |  | (3.9 | ) |  | (23.6 | )
Expenditures for long-lived assets including royalty advances | 14.9 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | 13.9 |  |  | 31.6 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 34.1 |
Three months ended February 29, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 219.8 |  |  | $ | 63.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 283.7 |  |  | $ | 82.3 |  |  | $ | 366.0 |
Bad debt | 1.3 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 3.1 |
Depreciation and amortization (2) | 6.0 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 14.1 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 16.0 |
Asset impairments (3) | — |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 6.9 |
Segment operating income (loss) | 8.2 |  |  | (2.4 | ) |  | (20.5 | ) |  | (14.7 | ) |  | (1.7 | ) |  | (16.4 | )
Expenditures for long-lived assets including royalty advances | 11.3 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | 21.3 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 23.6 |

12

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

| Children’s Book Publishing & Distribution |  | Education |  | Overhead (1) |  | Total Domestic |  | International |  | Total
Nine months ended February 28, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 769.3 |  |  | $ | 186.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 955.7 |  |  | $ | 286.3 |  |  | $ | 1,242.0 |
Bad debt expense | 3.3 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 9.3 |
Depreciation and amortization (2) | 16.6 |  |  | 6.2 |  |  | 17.4 |  |  | 40.2 |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | 45.8 |
Segment operating income (loss) | 91.2 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | (90.8 | ) |  | 8.2 |  |  | 16.5 |  |  | 24.7 |
Segment assets at February 28, 2017 | 478.4 |  |  | 158.8 |  |  | 948.7 |  |  | 1,585.9 |  |  | 261.3 |  |  | 1,847.2 |
Goodwill at February 28, 2017 | 40.9 |  |  | 65.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 106.3 |  |  | 9.9 |  |  | 116.2 |
Expenditures for long-lived assets including royalty advances | 52.2 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 28.5 |  |  | 88.5 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 97.0 |
Long-lived assets at February 28, 2017 | 146.9 |  |  | 83.7 |  |  | 398.6 |  |  | 629.2 |  |  | 66.4 |  |  | 695.6 |
Nine months ended February 29, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 701.2 |  |  | $ | 186.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 887.9 |  |  | $ | 271.1 |  |  | $ | 1,159.0 |
Bad debt expense | 3.8 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 8.9 |
Depreciation and amortization (2) | 20.4 |  |  | 9.8 |  |  | 14.7 |  |  | 44.9 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 50.9 |
Asset impairments (3) | — |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 6.9 |
Segment operating income (loss) | 62.6 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | (64.2 | ) |  | 2.1 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 9.2 |
Segment assets at February 29, 2016 | 471.4 |  |  | 153.4 |  |  | 879.1 |  |  | 1,503.9 |  |  | 256.2 |  |  | 1,760.1 |
Goodwill at February 29, 2016 | 40.9 |  |  | 65.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 106.3 |  |  | 9.9 |  |  | 116.2 |
Expenditures for long-lived assets including royalty advances | 31.6 |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | 15.1 |  |  | 53.3 |  |  | 10.5 |  |  | 63.8 |
Long-lived assets at February 29, 2016 | 144.7 |  |  | 82.1 |  |  | 380.2 |  |  | 607.0 |  |  | 67.0 |  |  | 674.0 |

(1) | Overhead includes all domestic corporate amounts not allocated to segments, including expenses and costs related to the management of corporate assets. Unallocated assets are principally comprised of deferred income taxes and property, plant and equipment related to the Company’s headquarters in the metropolitan New York area, its fulfillment and distribution facilities located in Missouri and its facility located in Connecticut.

(2) | Includes depreciation of property, plant and equipment and amortization of intangible assets and prepublication and production costs.

(3) Includes impairment charges associated with certain legacy prepublication assets in Fiscal 2016.
4. DEBT
The following table summarizes the carrying value of the Company's debt as of the dates indicated:

| February 28, 2017 |  | May 31, 2016 |  | February 29, 2016
Loan Agreement: |  |  |  |  |
Revolving Loan (interest rates of n/a) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Unsecured short term lines of credit (weighted average interest rates of 3.9%, 4.4% and 3.7%, respectively) | 5.8 |  |  | 6.3 |  |  | 8.2 |
Total debt | $ | 5.8 |  |  | $ | 6.3 |  |  | $ | 8.2 |

The fair value of the Company's debt approximates the carrying value for all periods presented.
13

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

Loan Agreement
On January 5, 2017, Scholastic Corporation and Scholastic Inc. (each, a “Borrower” and together , the “Borrowers”) entered into a new 5-year credit facility with certain banks (the “Loan Agreement”). The Loan Agreement replaced the Company's then existing loan agreement and has substantially similar terms, except that:

(i) | the borrowing limit was reduced to $375.0 from $425.0;

(ii) | the “starter” basket for permitted payments of dividends and other payments in respect of capital stock was increased to $275.0 from $75.0; and

(iii) | the maturity date was extended to January 5, 2022.

The prior loan agreement, which was originally entered into in 2007 and had a maturity date of December 5, 2017, was terminated in connection with the entry into the new Loan Agreement.
The Loan Agreement allows the Company to borrow, repay or prepay and reborrow at any time prior to the January 5, 2022 maturity date. Under the Loan Agreement, interest on amounts borrowed thereunder is due and payable in arrears on the last day of the interest period (defined as the period commencing on the date of the advance and ending on the last day of the period selected by the Borrower at the time each advance is made). The interest pricing under the Loan Agreement is dependent upon the Borrower’s election of a rate that is either:

• | A Base Rate equal to the higher of (i) the prime rate, (ii) the prevailing Federal Funds rate plus 0.50% or (iii) the Eurodollar Rate for a one month interest period plus 1% plus, in each case, an applicable spread ranging from 0.175% to 0.60%, as determined by the Company’s prevailing consolidated debt to total capital ratio.

- or -

• | A Eurodollar Rate equal to the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) plus an applicable spread ranging from 1.175% to 1.60%, as determined by the Company’s prevailing consolidated debt to total capital ratio.

As of February 28, 2017, the indicated spread on Base Rate Advances was 0.175% and the indicated spread on Eurodollar Advances was 1.175%, both based on the Company’s prevailing consolidated debt to total capital ratio.
The Loan Agreement also provides for the payment of a facility fee in respect of the aggregate amount of revolving credit commitments ranging from 0.20% to 0.40% per annum based upon the Company’s prevailing consolidated debt to total capital ratio. At February 28, 2017, the facility fee rate was 0.20%.
A portion of the revolving credit facility up to a maximum of $50.0 is available for the issuance of letters of credit. In addition, a portion of the revolving credit facility up to a maximum of $15.0 is available for swingline loans. The Loan Agreement has an accordion feature which permits the Company, provided certain conditions are satisfied, to increase the facility by up to an additional $150.0.
As of February 28, 2017, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the Loan Agreement. At February 28, 2017, the Company had open standby letters of credit totaling $0.4 under the Loan Agreement. The Loan Agreement contains certain covenants, including interest coverage and leverage ratio tests and certain limitations on the amount of dividends and other distributions, and at February 28, 2017, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.
Lines of Credit
As of February 28, 2017, the Company had domestic unsecured money market bid rate credit lines totaling $25.0. There were no outstanding borrowings under these credit lines at February 28, 2017, May 31, 2016 or February 29, 2016. At February 28, 2017, the Company had open standby letters of credit totaling $4.9 under the domestic unsecured money market bid rate credit lines. As of February 28, 2017, availability under these unsecured money market bid rate credit lines totaled $20.1. All loans made under these credit lines are at the
14

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

sole discretion of the lender and at an interest rate and term agreed to at the time each loan is made, but not to exceed 365 days. These credit lines may be renewed, if requested by the Company, at the option of the lender.
As of February 28, 2017, the Company had equivalent local currency credit lines totaling $23.2. Outstanding borrowings under these lines of credit totaled $5.8, $6.3 and $8.2 at February 28, 2017, May 31, 2016 and February 29, 2016, respectively. As of February 28, 2017, the equivalent amounts available totaled $17.4, underwritten by banks primarily in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. These credit lines are typically available for overdraft borrowings or loans up to 364 days and may be renewed, if requested by the Company, at the sole option of the lender.
5. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Various claims and lawsuits arising in the normal course of business are pending against the Company. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that a liability has occurred and the amount of such liability can be reasonably estimated. When only a range can be estimated, the most probable amount in the range is accrued unless no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, in which case the minimum amount in the range is accrued. Legal costs associated with litigation loss contingencies are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. The Company does not expect, in the case of those various claims and lawsuits arising in the normal course of business where a loss is considered probable or reasonably possible, that the reasonably possible losses from such claims and lawsuits (either individually or in the aggregate) would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. See Note 14, "Income Taxes and Other Taxes," for further discussion.
6. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
The following table summarizes the reconciliation of the numerators and denominators for the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share computation for the periods indicated:

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| February 28, |  | February 29, |  | February 28, |  | February 29,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Class A and Common Shares | $ | (15.5 | ) |  | $ | (7.2 | ) |  | $ | 12.9 |  |  | $ | 9.1 |
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Class A and Common Shares, net of tax | 0.1 |  |  | (1.8 | ) |  | 0.0 |  |  | (2.6 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Common Shares | $ | (15.4 | ) |  | $ | (9.0 | ) |  | $ | 12.9 |  |  | $ | 6.5 |
Weighted average Shares of Class A Stock and Common Stock outstanding for basic earnings (loss) per share (in millions) | 34.8 |  |  | 34.3 |  |  | 34.6 |  |  | 34.0 |
Dilutive effect of Class A Stock and Common Stock potentially issuable pursuant to stock-based compensation plans (in millions) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 0.9 |
Adjusted weighted average Shares of Class A Stock and Common Stock outstanding for diluted earnings (loss) per share (in millions) | 34.8 |  |  | 34.3 |  |  | 35.3 |  |  | 34.9 |
Earnings (loss) per share of Class A Stock and Common Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (0.45 | ) |  | $ | (0.21 | ) |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 0.27 |
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.05 | ) |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | $ | (0.08 | )
Net income (loss) | $ | (0.44 | ) |  | $ | (0.26 | ) |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 0.19 |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (0.45 | ) |  | $ | (0.21 | ) |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.05 | ) |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | $ | (0.07 | )
Net income (loss) | $ | (0.44 | ) |  | $ | (0.26 | ) |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.19 |

15

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

The following table sets forth Options outstanding pursuant to stock-based compensation plans as of the dates indicated:

| February 28, 2017 |  | February 29, 2016
Options outstanding pursuant to stock-based compensation plans (in millions) | 2.9 |  | 3.4

Earnings from continuing operations exclude earnings of less than $0.1 and less than $0.1 for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 and February 29, 2016, respectively, attributable to participating Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”).
In a period in which the Company reports a discontinued operation, Earnings (loss) from continuing operations is used as the “control number” in determining whether potentially dilutive common shares are dilutive or anti-dilutive. Potentially dilutive shares outstanding pursuant to compensation plans that were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation because they were anti-dilutive were 0.6 million as of February 28, 2017.
A portion of the Company’s Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") which are granted to employees participate in earnings through cumulative dividends which are payable and non-forfeitable to the employees upon vesting of the RSUs. Accordingly, the Company measures earnings per share based upon the lower of the Two-class method or the Treasury Stock method. Since, under the Two-class method, losses are not allocated to the participating securities, in periods of loss the Two-class method is not applicable.
As of February 28, 2017, $39.5 remained available for future purchases of common shares under the current repurchase authorization of the Board of Directors (the "Board"). See Note 11, “Treasury Stock,” for a more complete description of the Company’s share buy-back program.
7. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES
The Company assesses goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives annually or more frequently if impairment indicators are such that the goodwill is more likely than not impaired. The Company continues to monitor impairment indicators in light of changes in market conditions, near and long-term demand for the Company’s products and other relevant factors.
The following table summarizes the activity in Goodwill for the periods indicated:

| Nine months ended February 28, 2017 |  | Twelve months ended May 31, 2016 |  | Nine months ended February 29, 2016
Beginning balance | $ | 116.2 |  |  | $ | 116.3 |  |  | $ | 116.3 |
Foreign currency translation | (0.0 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.1 | )
Total goodwill | $ | 116.2 |  |  | $ | 116.2 |  |  | $ | 116.2 |

Accumulated goodwill impairment losses totaled $39.6 as of February 28, 2017, May 31, 2016 and February 29, 2016. There were no goodwill impairment losses during the nine months ended February 28, 2017 and February 29, 2016.
16

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

The following table summarizes the activity in other intangibles included in “Other assets and deferred charges” on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets for the periods indicated:

| Nine months ended February 28, 2017 |  | Twelve months ended May 31, 2016 |  | Nine months ended February 29, 2016
Beginning balance other intangibles subject to amortization | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | 4.7 |
Additions | 0.2 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | 2.4 |
Amortization expense | (1.8 | ) |  | (2.2 | ) |  | (1.7 | )
Foreign currency translation | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.1 | )
Total other intangibles subject to amortization, net of accumulated amortization of $21.3, $19.5 and $19.0, respectively | $ | 2.9 |  |  | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | 5.3 |
Total other intangibles not subject to amortization | $ | 2.1 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |
Total other intangibles | $ | 5.0 |  |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  | $ | 7.4 |

In the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company purchased a U.S. based book fair business resulting in the recognition of $0.2 of amortizable intangible assets. In fiscal 2016, the Company purchased a U.S. based book fair business and a UK based book fair business resulting in the Company recognizing $0.5 and $1.9 of amortizable intangible assets, respectively.
Amortization expense for total other intangibles was $1.8 and $1.7 for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 and February 29, 2016, respectively. Intangible assets with definite lives consist principally of customer lists, trademark and tradename rights and other agreements. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The weighted-average remaining useful lives of all amortizable intangible assets is approximately 3.9 years.
8. INVESTMENTS
Included in “Other assets and deferred charges” on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets were investments of $27.1, $26.2 and $25.7 at February 28, 2017, May 31, 2016 and February 29, 2016, respectively.
The Company's 48.5% equity interest in Make Believe Ideas Limited (MBI), a UK-based children's book publishing company, is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Under the purchase agreement, and subject to its provisions, the Company will purchase the remaining outstanding shares in MBI following the completion of MBI's accounts for the calendar year 2018. The remaining controlling interest is held by a single third party and therefore the Company accounted for the investment using the equity method of accounting. The net carrying value of this investment was $8.0, $8.0 and $7.8 at February 28, 2017, May 31, 2016 and February 29, 2016, respectively. Equity method income from this investment is reported in the International segment.
The Company’s 26.2% non-controlling interest in another children’s book publishing business located in the UK is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The net carrying value of this investment was $19.1, $18.1 and $17.9 at February 28, 2017, May 31, 2016 and February 29, 2016, respectively. Equity method income from this investment is reported in the International segment.
The Company has other equity and cost method investments that had a net carrying value of $0.0, $0.1 and $0.0 at February 28, 2017, May 31, 2016 and February 29, 2016, respectively.
Income from equity investments reported in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations totaled $4.9 and $3.0 for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 and February 29, 2016, respectively.
9. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The following table sets forth components of the net periodic cost (credit) for the periods indicated under the Company’s cash balance retirement plan for its United States employees meeting certain eligibility requirements
17

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

(the “U.S. Pension Plan”) and the defined benefit pension plan of Scholastic Ltd., an indirect subsidiary of Scholastic Corporation located in the United Kingdom (the “UK Pension Plan” and, together with the U.S. Pension Plan, the “Pension Plans”). Also included are the post-retirement benefits, consisting of certain healthcare and life insurance benefits provided by the Company to its eligible retired United States-based employees (the “Post-Retirement Benefits”). The Pension Plans and Post-Retirement Benefits include participants associated with both continuing operations and discontinued operations.

| Pension Plans |  | Post-Retirement Benefits
| Three months ended |  | Three months ended
| February 28, |  | February 29, |  | February 28, |  | February 29,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Components of net periodic cost (credit): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |
Interest cost | 1.1 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.3 |
Expected return on assets | (1.8 | ) |  | (1.9 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Net amortization of prior service credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.0 | )
Amortization of (gain) loss | 0.4 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | (1.0 | ) |  | 0.7 |
Net periodic cost (credit) | $ | (0.3 | ) |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | (0.8 | ) |  | $ | 1.0 |

| Pension Plans |  | Post-Retirement Benefits
| Nine months ended |  | Nine months ended
| February 28, |  | February 29, |  | February 28, |  | February 29,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Components of net periodic cost (credit): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |
Interest cost | 3.3 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 1.0 |
Expected return on assets | (5.4 | ) |  | (5.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Net amortization of prior service credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.0) |
Amortization of (gain) loss | 1.3 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 2.1 |
Net periodic cost (credit) | $ | (0.8 | ) |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 1.0 |  |  | $ | 3.1 |

The Company’s funding practice with respect to the Pension Plans is to contribute on an annual basis at least the minimum amounts required by applicable laws. For the nine months ended February 28, 2017, the Company made no contribution to the U.S. Pension Plan and contributed $0.8 to the UK Pension Plan. The Company expects, based on actuarial calculations, to contribute cash of approximately $1.1 to the Pension Plans for the fiscal year ending May 31, 2017.
In the current fiscal year, the U.S. Pension Plan's funding status is sufficient to allow participants to receive "lump sum" payments at the participant's request. Under certain circumstances, such lump sum payments must be accounted for as a settlement of the related pension obligation when paid. If these requests exceed $3.2 in the current fiscal year, the Company will recognize a settlement charge related to net unrecognized pension benefit costs in respect of the lump sum benefit payments made. For the nine months ended February 28, 2017, the Company made $2.3 of lump sum benefit payments to vested plan participants.
On July 20, 2016, the Board approved the termination of the U.S. Pension Plan, in which all benefit accruals were previously frozen as of June 1, 2009. Based on the Plan’s current funded status and the frozen benefit, it was determined that the on-going costs of maintaining the Plan were growing at a greater rate than the benefit delivered to the Company’s employees and former employees. An application was filed with the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") for an advance determination as to whether the Plan meets the qualification requirements of Internal Revenue Code section 401(a). Upon approval of the IRS and the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, the assets of the Plan will be distributed either via a lump sum payment to each eligible active and deferred vested participant or to another qualified retirement plan established on the participant's behalf, or via an annuity contract underwritten by a highly rated insurance company. All participants currently receiving a periodic benefit will continue to receive their benefit payments without disruption. The Company expects that completion of the process for terminating
18

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

the pension plan, which involves several regulatory steps and approvals, will currently take approximately 12 to 18 months.
10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense included in Selling, general and administrative expenses for the periods indicated:

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| February 28, |  | February 29, |  | February 28, |  | February 29,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Stock option expense | $ | 0.9 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 6.0 |  |  | $ | 5.2 |
Restricted stock unit expense | 0.6 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 2.1 |
Management stock purchase plan | 0.1 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.6 |
Employee stock purchase plan | 0.0 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | 8.7 |  |  | $ | 8.1 |

The following table sets forth Common Stock issued pursuant to stock-based compensation plans as of the dates indicated:

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| February 28, |  | February 29, |  | February 28, |  | February 29,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Common Stock issued pursuant to stock-based compensation plans (in millions) | 0.4 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 1.2 |

11. TREASURY STOCK
The Board has authorized the Company to repurchase Common Stock, from time to time as conditions allow, on the open market or through negotiated private transactions.
The table below represents the current Board authorization:

| Amount |
July 2015 | 50.0 |  |
Less repurchases made under the authorization as of February 28, 2017 | (10.5 | ) |
Remaining Board authorization at February 28, 2017 | $ | 39.5 |  |

On July 22, 2015, the Board authorized $50.0 for the share buy-back program, to be funded with available cash. Repurchases of Common Stock made were $0.0 and $6.0 during the three and nine months ended February 28, 2017, respectively. The Company’s repurchase program may be suspended at any time without prior notice.
19

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

12. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The following tables summarize the activity in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, by component for the periods indicated:

| Nine months ended February 28, 2017
| Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | Retirement benefit plans |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | (40.0 | ) |  | $ | (46.7 | ) |  | $ | (86.7 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (6.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | $ | (6.1 | )
Less: amount reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 2.1 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (6.1 | ) |  | 2.1 |  |  | (4.0 | )
Ending balance | $ | (46.1 | ) |  | $ | (44.6 | ) |  | $ | (90.7 | )

| Nine months ended February 29, 2016
| Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | Retirement benefit plans |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | (31.9 | ) |  | $ | (45.1 | ) |  | $ | (77.0 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (11.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | $ | (11.3 | )
Less: amount reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 2.3 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (11.3 | ) |  | 2.3 |  |  | (9.0 | )
Ending balance | $ | (43.2 | ) |  | $ | (42.8 | ) |  | $ | (86.0 | )

The following table presents the impact on earnings of reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods indicated:

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended | Affected line items in the condensed consolidated statements of operations
| February 28, |  | February 29, |  | February 28, |  | February 29,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Employee benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of prior service cost (credit) | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.0 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.0 | ) | Selling, general and administrative
Amortization of unrecognized gain (loss) included in net periodic cost (credit) | 1.0 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 3.3 |  | Selling, general and administrative
Less: Tax effect | (0.3 | ) |  | (0.3 | ) |  | (1.0 | ) |  | (1.0 | ) | Income tax expense (benefit)
Total expense, net of tax | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |  |  | $ | 2.3 |  |

13. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company determines the appropriate level in the fair value hierarchy for each fair value measurement of assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis in the Company’s financial statements. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs, which refer to assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, based upon the highest and best use, into three levels as follows:

• | Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

• | Level 2 Observable inputs other than unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities such as

20

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

| ○ | Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets
| ○ | Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets
| ○ | Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability
| ○ | Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means

• | Level 3 Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data available, which are significant to the fair value measurement and require the Company to develop its own assumptions.

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value consisted of cash and cash equivalents, debt and foreign currency forward contracts. Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of bank deposits and short-term investments, such as money market funds, the fair value of which is based on quoted market prices, a Level 1 fair value measure. The Company employs Level 2 fair value measurements for the disclosure of the fair value of its various lines of credit. The fair value of the Company's debt approximates the carrying value for all periods presented. The fair values of foreign currency forward contracts, used by the Company to manage the impact of foreign exchange rate changes to the financial statements, are based on quotations from financial institutions, a Level 2 fair value measure. See Note 15, “Derivatives and Hedging,” for a more complete description of fair value measurements employed.
Non-financial assets and liabilities for which the Company employs fair value measures on a non-recurring basis include:

• | Long-lived assets

• | Investments

• | Assets acquired in a business combination

• | Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets

• | Long-lived assets held for sale

Level 2 and level 3 inputs are employed by the Company in the fair value measurement of these assets and liabilities. For the fair value measurements employed by the Company for goodwill see Note 7, “Goodwill and Other Intangibles." For the fair value measurements employed by the Company for certain property, plant and equipment, production assets, investments and prepublication assets, the Company assesses future expected cash flows attributable to these assets.
14. INCOME TAXES AND OTHER TAXES
Income Taxes
In calculating the provision for income taxes on an interim basis, the Company uses an estimate of the annual effective tax rate based upon the facts and circumstances known and applies that rate to its year-to-date earnings or losses. The Company’s effective tax rate is based on expected income and statutory tax rates and takes into consideration permanent differences between financial statement and tax return income applicable to the Company in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. The effect of discrete items, such as changes in estimates, changes in enacted tax laws or rates or tax status, and unusual or infrequently occurring events, is recognized in the interim period in which the discrete item occurs. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, additional information is obtained or as the result of new judicial interpretations or regulatory or tax law changes.
The Company’s annual effective tax rate, exclusive of discrete items, unbenefitted foreign losses, and release of associated valuation allowances, used to calculate the interim tax provision is expected to be approximately 38.8%. The interim effective tax rate, inclusive of discrete items, was 35.1% and 45.6% for the three and nine month periods ended February 28, 2017, respectively.
The Company, including its domestic subsidiaries, files a consolidated U.S. income tax return, and also files tax returns in various states and other local jurisdictions. Also, certain subsidiaries of the Company file income tax returns in foreign jurisdictions. The Company is routinely audited by various tax authorities.
21

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – UNAUDITED (Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

The Company is currently under audit by the IRS for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2014. If the tax examination currently under audit is concluded within the next three months, the Company will make any necessary adjustments to its unrecognized tax benefits.
Non-income Taxes
The Company is subject to tax examinations for sales-based taxes. A number of these examinations are ongoing and, in certain cases, have resulted in assessments from taxing authorities. The Company assesses sales tax contingencies for each jurisdiction in which it operates, considering all relevant facts including statutes, regulations, case law and experience. When a sales tax liability with respect to a particular jurisdiction is probable and can be reliably estimated, the Company has made accruals for these matters which are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Future developments relating to the foregoing could result in adjustments being made to these accruals.
The State of Wisconsin has assessed Scholastic Book Fairs, Inc. (“SBF”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, $5.4, exclusive of penalties and interest, for sales tax in fiscal years 2004 through 2014. Based upon the facts and circumstances and the relevant laws in the State of Wisconsin, the Company does not believe these assessments are merited and has elected to litigate these assessments. While the Company believes it will prevail in this litigation and accordingly has not recognized a liability for these assessments, the results of litigation cannot be assured and it is reasonably possible that SBF could be found liable for all or a portion of the amounts assessed.
15. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING
The Company enters into foreign currency derivative contracts to economically hedge the exposure to foreign currency fluctuations associated with the forecasted purchase of inventory and the foreign exchange risk associated with certain receivables denominated in foreign currencies and certain future commitments for foreign expenditures. These derivative contracts are economic hedges and are not designated as cash flow hedges. The Company marks-to-market these instruments and records the changes in the fair value of these items in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, and it recognizes the unrealized gain or loss in other current assets or current liabilities. The notional values of the contracts as of February 28, 2017 and February 29, 2016 were $36.7 and $31.7, respectively. Unrealized gains of $0.1 and $0.2 were recognized at February 28, 2017 and February 29, 2016, respectively, for the nine month periods then ended.
16. OTHER ACCRUED EXPENSES
Other accrued expenses consist of the following as of the dates indicated:

| February 28, 2017 |  | May 31, 2016 |  | February 29, 2016
Accrued payroll, payroll taxes and benefits | $ | 45.0 |  |  | $ | 44.9 |  |  | $ | 37.2 |
Accrued bonus and commissions | 20.1 |  |  | 28.2 |  |  | 15.9 |
Accrued other taxes | 24.7 |  |  | 30.4 |  |  | 27.2 |
Accrued advertising and promotions | 34.9 |  |  | 35.7 |  |  | 37.1 |
Accrued insurance | 8.1 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | 7.8 |
Other accrued expenses | 29.0 |  |  | 29.0 |  |  | 27.9 |
Total accrued expenses | $ | 161.8 |  |  | $ | 175.9 |  |  | $ | 153.1 |

17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.15 per share on the Company’s Class A and Common Stock for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. The dividend is payable on June 15, 2017 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on April 28, 2017.
22

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)

Overview and Outlook
Revenues from continuing operations in the quarter ended February 28, 2017 were $336.2 million, compared to $366.0 million in the prior fiscal year quarter, a decrease of $29.8 million. The Company reported net loss per basic and diluted share of $0.44 in the third quarter of fiscal 2017, compared to net loss per basic and diluted share of $0.26 in the prior fiscal year quarter, which reflects both continuing and discontinued operations.
The Company was able to partially offset the profit impact of lower revenues in the book clubs and trade channels by planned cost reductions across the business. Internationally, sales gains in Asia and the export business were more than offset by lower revenues in the Company's major markets, primarily the result of the planned exit from a software distribution business in Australia. Increased overhead costs in the current fiscal quarter were mainly the result of the Company's investments in strategic technology systems and new enterprise applications to manage marketing and web content, e-commerce, digital applications, analytics, product and customer data management, supply chain and new financial systems.
In the third fiscal quarter, cost reduction programs implemented earlier in fiscal 2017 helped mitigate the reduced sales in the book clubs channel, while trade channel sales returned to more normal levels after an exceptional first half of the fiscal year driven by new Harry Potter publishing. The Company's program to better match book fair resources to each school's size and interests resulted in an improvement in the seasonal operating loss in the book fairs channel. In the Education segment, the Company is focused on the fourth fiscal quarter sales of comprehensive core curriculum literacy solutions, which are proving to be preferred over traditional textbooks by many teachers and districts. The Company's multi-year strategic investment plan in transformative technology systems is progressing and has resulted in higher overhead expense in the fiscal quarter ended February 28, 2017, as anticipated. These investments in new enterprise systems and improved processes will affect every aspect of the Company's business, lowering costs and enabling the use of data-driven insights to develop closer relationships with individual customers, schools and districts.
Results of Operations – Consolidated
Revenues for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 decreased to $336.2 million, compared to $366.0 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. The Children's Book Publishing and Distribution segment revenues decreased $20.8 million, primarily in the book clubs channel, due to a lower number of sponsors and lower revenue per event driven by the unfavorable performance of media titles in the current fiscal quarter, and in the trade channel, due to lower sales of Harry Potter related publishing, primarily in coloring books. The Education segment revenues decreased $3.8 million, primarily driven by lower sales in classroom books. In local currencies, the International segment revenues decreased $3.9 million, driven by lower sales in the Company's major markets, primarily the result of the planned exit from a software distribution business in Australia, partially offset by revenue gains in Asia and the export business. International revenues were also impacted by unfavorable foreign exchange translation of $1.3 million.
Revenues for the nine month period ended February 28, 2017 increased to $1,242.0 million, compared to $1,159.0 million in the prior fiscal year period. The Children's Book Publishing and Distribution segment revenues increased $68.1 million, primarily driven on the strength of Harry Potter publishing, backlist and frontlist, including Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, Parts One and Two, as well as the screenplay of the Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them™ film released in November 2016. The Education segment revenues remained relatively flat with higher sales in the Company's guided reading programs, professional learning services and classroom magazines, primarily offset by lower consumer magazines revenues. In local currencies, the International segment revenues increased $21.3 million, primarily driven by the strength of new Harry Potter publishing in Canada and certain export markets, as well as sales gains in trade, clubs and fairs in the Company's major international markets. The Company's increased international revenues were partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange translation of $6.1 million.
23

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)

Components of Cost of goods sold for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2017 and February 29, 2016 are as follows:

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| February 28, |  | February 29, |  | February 28, |  | February 29,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
($ amounts in millions) | $ |  | % of Revenue |  | $ |  | % of Revenue |  | $ |  | % of Revenue |  | $ |  | % of Revenue
Product, service and production costs | $ | 81.5 |  |  | 24.2 | % |  | $ | 97.9 |  |  | 26.7 | % |  | $ | 303.8 |  |  | 24.4 | % |  | $ | 307.5 |  |  | 26.5 | %
Royalty costs | 23.1 |  |  | 6.9 | % |  | 21.6 |  |  | 5.9 | % |  | 120.4 |  |  | 9.7 | % |  | 67.1 |  |  | 5.8 | %
Prepublication and production amortization | 5.6 |  |  | 1.7 | % |  | 6.9 |  |  | 1.9 | % |  | 17.2 |  |  | 1.4 | % |  | 20.5 |  |  | 1.8 | %
Postage, freight, shipping, fulfillment and other | 50.1 |  |  | 14.9 | % |  | 51.6 |  |  | 14.1 | % |  | 159.9 |  |  | 12.9 | % |  | 154.5 |  |  | 13.3 | %
Total | $ | 160.3 |  |  | 47.7 | % |  | $ | 178.0 |  |  | 48.6 | % |  | $ | 601.3 |  |  | 48.4 | % |  | $ | 549.6 |  |  | 47.4 | %

Cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 decreased to 47.7%, compared to 48.6% in the prior fiscal year quarter. Lower cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue was primarily driven by the Company's decision to exit the low margin software distribution business in Australia and favorable product mix in the trade channel.
Cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 increased to 48.4%, compared to 47.4% in the prior fiscal year period. Higher cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue was driven by royalty costs associated with higher sales of Harry Potter titles, partially offset by the favorable impact higher revenues had on fixed costs coupled with favorable product mix and the Company's decision to exit the low margin software distribution business in Australia.
Selling, general and administrative expenses in the quarter ended February 28, 2017 increased to $190.0 million, compared to $188.3 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. The increase in expense was driven by the impact of the wage improvement program for employees in the U.S. distribution centers, higher spending on strategic technology platforms and solutions, higher facilities-related expenses and higher severance expense of $3.0 million related to cost saving initiatives. This was partially offset by lower book club channel promotion and catalog costs.
Selling, general and administrative expenses in the nine months ended February 28, 2017 increased to $587.4 million, compared to $563.0 million in the prior fiscal year period. The increase in expense was primarily driven by the impact of the wage improvement program for employees in the U.S. distribution centers, higher employee-related expenses, higher severance expense of $4.0 million related to cost reduction programs and higher spending on strategic technology platforms and solutions. This was partially offset by lower book club channel promotion and catalog costs and a reduction of $1.5 million due to a warehouse optimization project in the Company's book fairs operations in the prior fiscal year period.
Depreciation and amortization expenses in the quarter ended February 28, 2017 were $9.5 million, which was comparable to $9.2 million in the prior fiscal year quarter.
Depreciation and amortization expenses in the nine months ended February 28, 2017 decreased to $28.6 million, compared to $30.3 million in the prior fiscal year period. The decrease was primarily attributable to the prior fiscal year impairment of certain outdated technology platforms.
For the three and nine months ended February 29, 2016, the Company recognized asset impairment charges for certain legacy prepublication assets of $6.9 million.
For the three month period ended February 28, 2017, net interest expense increased to $0.3 million, from $0.2 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. For the nine month period ended February 28, 2017, net interest expense increased to $1.0 million, from $0.8 million in the prior fiscal year period. The relatively flat net interest expense
24

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)

in both periods is driven by the absence of long-term debt. Net interest expense is driven by changes in short-term borrowings on available lines of credit.
In the nine month period ended February 29, 2016, the Company realized a gain of $2.2 million on the sale of a cost method investment in China.
The Company’s effective tax rate for the third quarter of fiscal 2017 was 35.1%, compared to 56.6% in the prior fiscal year quarter. The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine month period ended February 28, 2017 was 45.6%, compared to 14.2% in the prior fiscal year period. For the full year, the Company expects an effective tax rate, inclusive of discrete items, of approximately 40.5%.
Loss from continuing operations for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 increased by $8.3 million to $15.5 million, compared to a loss of $7.2 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. Loss from continuing operations per basic and diluted share of Class A Stock and Common Stock were $0.45 and $0.45, respectively, in the quarter ended February 28, 2017, compared to $0.21 and $0.21, respectively, in the prior fiscal year quarter.
Earnings from continuing operations for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 improved by $3.8 million to $12.9 million, compared to earnings of $9.1 million in the prior fiscal year period. Earnings from continuing operations per basic and diluted share of Class A Stock and Common Stock were $0.37 and $0.36, respectively, in the nine months ended February 28, 2017, compared to $0.27 and $0.26, respectively, in the prior fiscal year period.
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 was $0.1 million, compared to a loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, of $1.8 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. Income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 was less than $0.1 million, compared to a loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, of $2.6 million in the prior fiscal year period. The Company did not discontinue any operations in the first nine months of fiscal 2017.
Net loss for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 increased by $6.4 million to $15.4 million, compared to $9.0 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. Net loss per basic and diluted share of Class A Stock and Common Stock was $0.44 and $0.44, respectively, in the quarter ended February 28, 2017, compared to $0.26 and $0.26, respectively, in the prior fiscal year quarter.
Net income for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 improved by $6.4 million to $12.9 million, compared to $6.5 million in the prior fiscal year period. Net income per basic and diluted share of Class A Stock and Common Stock was $0.37 and $0.36, respectively, in the nine months ended February 28, 2017, compared to $0.19 and $0.19, respectively, in the prior fiscal year period.
Results of Continuing Operations
Children’s Book Publishing and Distribution

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| February 28, | February 29, | $ |  | % |  | February 28, | February 29, | $ |  | %
($ amounts in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | change |  | change |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | change |  | change
Revenues | $ | 199.0 |  |  | $ | 219.8 |  |  | $ | (20.8 | ) |  | -9.5 | % |  | $ | 769.3 |  |  | $ | 701.2 |  |  | $ | 68.1 |  |  | 9.7 | %
Cost of goods sold | 86.9 |  |  | 99.1 |  |  | (12.2 | ) |  | -12.3 | % |  | 348.9 |  |  | 301.8 |  |  | 47.1 |  |  | 15.6 | %
Other operating expenses* | 105.8 |  |  | 112.5 |  |  | (6.7 | ) |  | -6.0 | % |  | 329.2 |  |  | 336.8 |  |  | (7.6 | ) |  | -2.3 | %
Operating income (loss) | $ | 6.3 |  |  | $ | 8.2 |  |  | $ | (1.9 | ) |  |  |  |  | $ | 91.2 |  |  | $ | 62.6 |  |  | $ | 28.6 |  |  |  |
Operating margin |  | 3.2 | % |  |  | 3.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11.9 | % |  |  | 8.9 | % |  |  |  |  |

* Other operating expenses include selling, general and administrative expenses, bad debt expenses and depreciation and amortization.
Revenues for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 decreased to $199.0 million, compared to $219.8 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. Book club channel revenues declined $12.2 million on lower sponsor levels as well
25

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)

as lower revenue per event and per sponsor, due in part to the unfavorable performance of media titles in the current fiscal quarter. Trade channel revenues decreased $7.8 million, primarily driven by a decline in Harry Potter coloring book sales, reflecting industry trends for adult coloring books. Book fair channel revenues declined $0.8 million on approximately 11% lower fairs held in the quarter due to a planned strategy to reduce the number of lower margin fairs, which drove revenue per fair higher by approximately 9%.
Revenues for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 increased to $769.3 million, compared to $701.2 million in the prior fiscal year period. Trade channel revenues increased $98.6 million primarily driven on the strength of Harry Potter publishing, backlist and frontlist, including Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, Parts One and Two, as well as the screenplay of the Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them film released in November 2016. In addition, continued sales of bestselling series, including Wings of Fire, The Baby-Sitters Club® Graphix, Star Wars: Jedi Academy, and the success of popular new releases including Dog Man and Dog Man Unleashed
by Dav Pilkey, Ghosts by Raina Telgemeier, and Five Nights at Freddy's: The Silver Eyes by Scott Cawthorn and Kira Breed-Wrisley, drove higher revenues. Revenues from the book clubs channel decreased $24.6 million due to lower sponsor levels as well as lower revenue per event and per sponsor. Book fair channel revenues declined $5.9 million on approximately 9% fewer fairs held in the quarter reflecting a planned strategy to reduce the number of lower margin fairs, partially offset by higher revenue per fair of approximately 8%.
Cost of goods sold for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 was $86.9 million, or 44% of revenues, compared to $99.1 million, or 45% of revenues, in the prior fiscal year quarter. The decrease was due to favorable product mix in the trade channel primarily driven by lower Harry Potter coloring book sales which carried a high cost of product and purchasing efficiencies in the book club channel that yielded lower costs.
Cost of goods sold for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 was $348.9 million, or 45% of revenues, compared to $301.8 million, or 43% of revenues, in the prior fiscal year period. The increase was primarily driven by royalty costs in the trade channel associated with higher sales of Harry Potter titles. This increase was partially offset by the favorable impact of higher revenues in the trade channel on fixed costs, favorable trade channel product mix and purchasing efficiencies in the book club channel that yielded lower costs.
Other operating expenses of $105.8 million for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 decreased compared to $112.5 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in book club channel promotion and catalog costs, partially offset by the impact of the wage improvement program for employees in the U.S. distribution centers.
Other operating expenses of $329.2 million for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 decreased compared to $336.8 million in the prior fiscal year period. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in book club channel promotion and catalog costs and a reduction of $1.5 million in expenses due to a warehouse optimization project in the Company's book fairs operations in the prior fiscal year period, partially offset by higher promotional spending in the trade channel due to new Harry Potter titles and the impact of the wage improvement program for employees in the U.S. distribution centers.
Segment operating income for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 decreased to $6.3 million, compared to $8.2 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. This was primarily driven by the lower sales in the trade and book club channels, partially offset by lower cost of goods sold.
Segment operating income for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 improved to $91.2 million, compared to $62.6 million in the prior fiscal year period. This was primarily driven by the higher sales of Harry Potter titles, partially offset by higher cost of goods sold.
26

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)

Education

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| February 28, | February 29, | $ |  | % |  | February 28, | February 29, | $ |  | %
($ amounts in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | change |  | change |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | change |  | change
Revenues | $ | 60.1 |  |  | $ | 63.9 |  |  | $ | (3.8 | ) |  | -5.9 | % |  | $ | 186.4 |  |  | $ | 186.7 |  |  | $ | (0.3 | ) |  | -0.2 | %
Cost of goods sold | 19.6 |  |  | 21.5 |  |  | (1.9 | ) |  | -8.8 | % |  | 63.4 |  |  | 66.5 |  |  | (3.1 | ) |  | -4.7 | %
Other operating expenses* | 37.0 |  |  | 37.9 |  |  | (0.9 | ) |  | -2.4 | % |  | 115.2 |  |  | 109.6 |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | 5.1 | %
Asset impairments | — |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | (6.9 | ) |  | -100.0 | % |  | — |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | (6.9 | ) |  | -100.0 | %
Operating income (loss) | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | (2.4 | ) |  | $ | 5.9 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7.8 |  |  | $ | 3.7 |  |  | $ | 4.1 |  |  |  |
Operating margin |  | 5.8 | % |  |  | — | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.2 | % |  |  | 2.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |

* Other operating expenses include selling, general and administrative expenses, bad debt expenses and depreciation and amortization.
Revenues for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 decreased to $60.1 million, compared to $63.9 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. The decrease was driven by $3.8 million in lower classroom books and literacy initiatives sales. This primarily was a result of lower sales of classroom paperbacks and collections, where the expected sales have shifted to the fourth fiscal quarter, partially offset by higher professional development and services revenue.
Revenues for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 remained relatively flat at $186.4 million, compared to $186.7 million in the prior fiscal year period. Revenues from classroom books and literacy initiatives increased $4.4 million, primarily driven by strong demand for guided reading programs and professional learning products and services. In addition, classroom magazines sales increased $1.2 million, primarily due to demand for materials for the U.S. presidential election. This was offset by lower sales in the Company's consumer magazines of $4.5 million, primarily driven by fewer custom and print publishing programs when compared to the prior fiscal year period, and lower sales of $1.4 million primarily related to lower teaching resources sales.
Cost of goods sold for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 was $19.6 million, or 33% of revenues, compared to $21.5 million, or 34% of revenues, in the prior fiscal year quarter. The reduction in cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenues was primarily driven by lower prepublication and production amortization associated with certain digital education products.
Cost of goods sold for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 was $63.4 million, or 34% of revenues, compared to $66.5 million, or 36% of revenues, in the prior fiscal year period. The reduction in cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenues was primarily driven by lower prepublication and production amortization associated with certain digital education products and favorable product mix as the higher classroom magazine sales carry higher margins.
Other operating expenses decreased to $37.0 million for the quarter ended February 28, 2017, compared to $37.9 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. The decrease is mainly attributable to lower employee related expenses and improved collections in the consumer magazines businesses.
Other operating expenses increased to $115.2 million for the nine months ended February 28, 2017, compared to $109.6 million in the prior fiscal year period. The increase was primarily due to additions to the sales management team, higher promotional related expenses, the incurrence of higher operating expenses related to the sales of U.S. presidential election year materials in the classroom magazines channel and the impact of the wage improvement program for employees in the U.S. distribution centers.
The Company recognized asset impairment charges for certain legacy prepublication assets of $6.9 million for the three and nine months ended February 29, 2016.
Segment operating income in the quarter ended February 28, 2017 increased by $5.9 million compared to the prior fiscal year quarter. This was primarily driven by the asset impairment charges for certain legacy prepublication assets of $6.9 million in the prior fiscal year.
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)

Segment operating income in the nine months ended February 28, 2017 increased by $4.1 million compared to the prior fiscal year period. This was primarily driven by the asset impairment charges for certain legacy prepublication assets of $6.9 million partially offset by lower consumer magazines sales of custom publishing programs coupled with additions to the sales management team and the impact of the wage improvement program.
International

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| February 28, | February 29, | $ |  | % |  | February 28, | February 29, | $ |  | %
($ amounts in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | change |  | change |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | change |  | change
Revenues | $ | 77.1 |  |  | $ | 82.3 |  |  | $ | (5.2 | ) |  | -6.3 | % |  | $ | 286.3 |  |  | $ | 271.1 |  |  | $ | 15.2 |  |  | 5.6 | %
Cost of goods sold | 40.9 |  |  | 45.0 |  |  | (4.1 | ) |  | -9.1 | % |  | 149.7 |  |  | 144.0 |  |  | 5.7 |  |  | 4.0 | %
Other operating expenses* | 40.1 |  |  | 39.0 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 2.8 | % |  | 120.1 |  |  | 120.0 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 | %
Operating income (loss) | $ | (3.9 | ) |  | $ | (1.7 | ) |  | $ | (2.2 | ) |  |  |  |  | $ | 16.5 |  |  | $ | 7.1 |  |  | $ | 9.4 |  |  |  |
Operating margin |  | — | % |  |  | — | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.8 | % |  |  | 2.6 | % |  |  |  |  |  |

* Other operating expenses include selling, general and administrative expenses, bad debt expenses, severance and depreciation and amortization.
Revenues for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 decreased to $77.1 million, compared to $82.3 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. Total local currency revenues across the Company's foreign operations decreased by $3.9 million when compared to the prior fiscal year quarter. Local currency revenues from Canada decreased $4.1 million due to overall soft sales of children's books. Local currency revenues from Australia and New Zealand decreased $3.3 million, primarily due to lower software distribution revenues of $4.9 million as the Company is exiting this low margin business in Australia. This was partially offset by continued demand for local titles within the Australia trade channel and the continued strong performance of the Australia and New Zealand book club channels. Local currency revenues from the Company's Asia operations coupled with the export and foreign rights channels increased $3.0 million primarily due to certain export trade sales and Harry Potter publishing. Local currency revenues from the UK increased $0.5 million, primarily due to higher book fairs channel revenues driven by the prior fiscal year acquisition of a leading book fair provider in the UK. Revenues were also impacted by $1.3 million in unfavorable foreign exchange translation.
Revenues for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 increased to $286.3 million, compared to $271.1 million in the prior fiscal year period. Total local currency revenues across the Company's foreign operations increased by $21.3 million when compared to the prior fiscal year period. Local currency revenues from Canada increased $12.9 million primarily due to the strength of new Harry Potter publishing and, to a lesser extent, improvements in revenues due to the impact the labor action in Ontario schools had on the prior fiscal year period sales. In addition, local currency revenues from the Company's Asia operations coupled with the export and foreign rights channels increased $10.3 million primarily due to certain export sales related to new Harry Potter publishing, as well as strong performance in the Company's Malaysia operations. Local currency revenues from the UK increased $3.2 million, primarily due to an increase in revenues driven by newly licensed product and cinematic guides in connection with the film, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, released in November 2016, and higher book fairs channel revenues driven by the prior fiscal year acquisition of a leading book fair provider in the UK. Local currency revenues from Australia and New Zealand decreased $5.1 million, primarily due to lower software distribution revenues of $12.8 million as the Company is exiting this low margin business in Australia. This was partially offset by continued demand for local titles within the Australia trade channel and the continued strong performance from the Australia and New Zealand book club channels. Revenues were also impacted by $6.1 million in unfavorable foreign exchange translation.
Cost of goods sold for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 was $40.9 million, or 53% of revenues, compared to $45.0 million, or 55% of revenues, in the prior fiscal year quarter. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenues decreased primarily due to Australia's exit of the low margin software distribution business net of exit costs of $0.5 million.
Cost of goods sold for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 was $149.7 million, or 52% of revenues, compared to $144.0 million, or 53% of revenues, in the prior fiscal year period. Cost of goods sold as a
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)

percentage of revenues were relatively flat with favorable product mix in Australia and Australia's exit of the low margin software distribution business net of exit costs of $0.5 million, partially offset by the higher royalty costs associated with higher sales of Harry Potter titles.
Other operating expenses for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 were $40.1 million, compared to $39.0 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. In local currencies, Other operating expenses increased by $1.3 million.
The local currency increase was primarily related to higher bad debt expenses in Thailand and Indonesia, due to current local economic conditions, and changes in certain investments in Australia, partially offset by $0.2 million lower severance expense.
Other operating expenses for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 were $120.1 million, compared to $120.0 million in the prior fiscal year period. In local currencies, Other operating expenses increased by $2.4 million, primarily driven by higher bad debt expenses in the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia, due to current local economic conditions.
Segment operating loss for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 increased by $2.2 million compared to the prior fiscal year quarter. This was driven by lower sales and higher bad debt expense.
Segment operating income for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 increased by $9.4 million compared to the prior fiscal year period. This was primarily driven by the success of new Harry Potter publishing.
Overhead
Unallocated overhead expense for the quarter ended February 28, 2017 increased by $9.0 million to $29.5 million, from $20.5 million in the prior fiscal year quarter. The increase was primarily related to higher spending on strategic technology platforms for new enterprise-wide customer and content management systems and the migration to software as a service and cloud-based technology solutions combined with increased spending on company websites. The increased spending on strategic technology platforms is expected to continue for the current and future fiscal year periods. Unallocated overhead expenses were also impacted by $3.2 million in higher severance expense related to cost saving initiatives.
Unallocated overhead expense for the nine months ended February 28, 2017 increased by $26.6 million to $90.8 million, from $64.2 million in the prior fiscal year period. The increase was primarily related to higher spending on strategic technology platforms for new enterprise-wide customer and content management systems and the migration to software as a service and cloud-based technology solutions and higher facilities-related expenses. This trend is expected to continue for the current and future fiscal year periods. Unallocated overhead expenses were also impacted by $4.0 million in higher severance expense related to cost saving initiatives for the nine months ended February 28, 2017.
Seasonality
The Company’s Children’s Book Publishing and Distribution school-based book fair and book club channels and most of its Education businesses operate on a school-year basis; therefore, the Company’s business is highly seasonal. As a result, the Company’s revenues in the first and third quarters of the fiscal year generally are lower than its revenues in the other two fiscal quarters. Typically, school-based channels and magazine revenues are minimal in the first quarter of the fiscal year as schools are not in session. Trade sales can vary through the year due to varying release dates of published titles. The Company generally experiences a loss from operations in the first and third quarters of each fiscal year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents totaled $461.8 million at February 28, 2017, $399.7 million at May 31, 2016 and $351.9 million at February 29, 2016. Cash and cash equivalents held by the Company’s U.S. operations totaled $439.9 million at February 28, 2017, $385.3 million at May 31, 2016 and $335.5 million at February 29, 2016.
29

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)

Cash provided by operating activities was $113.4 million for the nine months ended February 28, 2017, compared to cash used in operating activities of $151.6 million for the prior fiscal year period, representing an increase in cash provided by operating activities of $265.0 million. The increase in cash provided was primarily due to the prior fiscal year payment of approximately $186 million in income tax related to the sale of the Ed Tech business, a decrease in cash used in discontinued operations of $8.8 million and favorable changes in operating assets and liabilities of $82.0 million, primarily driven by increased accounts receivable collections and higher accrued royalties due to the higher sales during the fiscal year period. Royalty payments will be made in the following fiscal periods.
Cash used in investing activities was $45.6 million for the nine months ended February 28, 2017, compared to cash used in investing activities of $26.3 million in the prior fiscal year period, representing higher cash used in investing activities of $19.3 million. Higher capital spending in the period ended February 28, 2017 resulted in a use of cash of $14.9 million due to increased spending for strategic technology initiatives and the investment plan to create premium retail space and modernize the Company's headquarters office space. This trend is expected to continue for the current and future fiscal year periods. In addition, less cash was released from the escrow established in connection with the sale of the Ed Tech business of $7.3 million, as all cash has been recovered.
Cash used in financing activities was $5.5 million for the nine months ended February 28, 2017, compared to cash provided by financing activities of $24.2 million for the prior fiscal year period, representing an increase in cash used in financing activities of $29.7 million. The Company experienced lower proceeds pursuant to employee stock plans of $15.8 million in the nine months ended February 28, 2017, fewer cash collections under the transition services agreement of $4.4 million and higher short-term credit facility net repayments of $3.3 million.
Due to the seasonal nature of its business as discussed under “Seasonality” above, the Company usually experiences negative cash flows in the June through October time period. As a result of the Company’s business cycle, borrowings have historically increased during June, July and August, have generally peaked in September or October, and have been at their lowest point in May.
The Company’s operating philosophy is to use cash provided by operating activities to create value by paying down debt, reinvesting in existing businesses and, from time to time, making acquisitions that will complement its portfolio of businesses or acquiring other strategic assets, as well as engaging in shareholder enhancement initiatives, such as share repurchases or dividend declarations.
The Company has maintained, and expects to maintain for the foreseeable future, sufficient liquidity to fund ongoing operations, including pension contributions, dividends, currently authorized common share repurchases, debt service, planned capital expenditures and other investments. As of February 28, 2017, the Company’s primary sources of liquidity consisted of cash and cash equivalents of $461.8 million, cash from operations, and funding available under the Revolving Loan totaling approximately $375.0 million. The Company may at any time, but in any event not more than once in any calendar year, request that the aggregate availability of credit under the Revolving Loan be increased by an amount of $10.0 million or an integral multiple of $10.0 million (but not to exceed $150.0 million). Additionally, the Company has short-term credit facilities of $48.2 million, less current borrowings of $5.8 million and commitments of $4.9 million, resulting in $37.5 million of current availability at February 28, 2017. Accordingly, the Company believes these sources of liquidity are sufficient to finance its ongoing operating needs, as well as its financing and investing activities.
Financing
On January 5, 2017, Scholastic Corporation and Scholastic Inc. (each, a “Borrower” and together , the “Borrowers”) entered into a 5-year credit facility with certain banks (the “Loan Agreement”). The Loan Agreement replaces the Company's prior loan agreement and has substantially similar terms. The Company's prior loan agreement, which was originally entered into in 2007 and had a maturity date of December 5, 2017, was terminated in connection with the entry into the new Loan Agreement. There were no outstanding borrowings under the Loan Agreement as of February 28, 2017. For a more complete description of the Company’s Loan Agreement, see Note 4 of Notes to condensed consolidated financial statements - unaudited in Item 1, “Financial Statements.”
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SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)

New Accounting Pronouncements
Reference is made to Note 1 of Notes to condensed consolidated financial statements - unaudited in Item 1, “Financial Statements,” for information concerning recent accounting pronouncements since the filing of the Company’s Annual Report.
Forward Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. Additional written and oral forward-looking statements may be made by the Company from time to time in Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings and otherwise. The Company cautions readers that results or expectations expressed by forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, those relating to the Company’s future business prospects, plans, ecommerce and digital initiatives, new product introductions, strategies, new education standards, goals, revenues, improved efficiencies, general costs, manufacturing costs, medical costs, potential cost savings, wage and merit pay, operating margins, working capital, liquidity, capital needs, the cost and timing of capital projects, interest costs, cash flows and income, are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements, due to factors including those noted in the Annual Report and other risks and factors identified from time to time in the Company’s filings with the SEC. The Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
31

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The Company conducts its business in various foreign countries, and as such, its cash flows and earnings are subject to fluctuations from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company sells products from its domestic operations to its foreign subsidiaries, creating additional currency risk. The Company manages its exposures to this market risk through internally established procedures and, when deemed appropriate, through the use of short-term forward exchange contracts, which were not significant as of February 28, 2017. The Company does not enter into derivative transactions or use other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Market risks relating to the Company’s operations result primarily from changes in interest rates in its variable-rate borrowings. The Company is subject to the risk that market interest rates and its cost of borrowing will increase and thereby increase the interest charged under its variable-rate debt.
Additional information relating to the Company’s outstanding financial instruments is included in Note 4 of Notes to condensed consolidated financial statements - unaudited in Item 1, “Financial Statements.”
The following table sets forth information about the Company’s debt instruments as of February 28, 2017:

($ amounts in millions) | Fiscal Year Maturity
| 2017 (1) |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | Thereafter |  | Total |  | Fair Value @ 02/28/2017
Debt Obligations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lines of Credit and current portion of long-term debt | $ | 5.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5.8 |  |  | $ | 5.8 |
Average interest rate | 3.9 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Fiscal 2017 includes the remaining three months of the current fiscal year ending May 31, 2017.

32

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation, after conducting an evaluation, together with other members of the Company’s management, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures as of February 28, 2017, have concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in its reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and accumulated and communicated to members of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There was no change in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended February 28, 2017 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
33

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION
Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits:

10.21 | Credit Agreement, dated as of January 5, 2017, among the Corporation and Scholastic Inc., as borrowers, the Initial Lenders named therein, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith Incorporated and Well Fargo Securities, LLC as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners, Wells Fargo N.A., Capital One N.A., Fifth Third Bank and HSBC Bank USA, N.A., as syndicate agents, and Branch Banking and Trust Company, as documentation agent.
31.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Scholastic Corporation filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Scholastic Corporation filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32 | Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Scholastic Corporation furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Document
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Document
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Document
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Document

34

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION
SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION
|  |  | (Registrant)
Date: March 24, 2017 | By: | /s/ Richard Robinson
|  |  | Richard Robinson
|  |  | Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: March 24, 2017 | By: | /s/ Maureen O’Connell
|  |  | Maureen O’Connell
|  |  | Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

35

SCHOLASTIC CORPORATION
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q, DATED FEBRUARY 28, 2017
Exhibits Index

Exhibit Number | Description of Document
10.21 | Credit Agreement, dated as of January 5, 2017, among the Corporation and Scholastic Inc., as borrowers, the Initial Lenders named therein, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith Incorporated and Well Fargo Securities, LLC as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners, Wells Fargo N.A., Capital One N.A., Fifth Third Bank and HSBC Bank USA, N.A., as syndicate agents, and Branch Banking and Trust Company, as documentation agent.
31.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Scholastic Corporation filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Scholastic Corporation filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32 | Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Scholastic Corporation furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document *
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document *
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Document *
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Document *
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Document *
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Document *

* In accordance with Regulation S-T, the XBRL-related information in Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q shall be deemed to be “furnished” and not “filed.”
36