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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 20-F

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ANNUAL REPORT

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PURSUANT TO SECTION 13

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2023

Commission file number 001-37777

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

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SUPERVIELLE GROUP S.A.

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

REPUBLIC OF ARGENTINA

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Reconquista 330

C1003ABG Buenos Aires

Republic of Argentina

(Address of principal executive offices)

Mariano Biglia

Reconquista 330

C1003ABG Buenos Aires

Republic of Argentina

Tel: 54-11-4340-3181

Email: mariano.biglia@supervielle.com.ar

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

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Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
American Depositary Shares, each representing 5 Class B shares of Grupo Supervielle S.A. |  | SUPV |  | New York Stock Exchange
Class B shares of Grupo Supervielle S.A. |  | SUPV |  | New York Stock Exchange*

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*Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares pursuant to the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

The number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of December 31, 2023 (excluding shares held by the Company’s treasury as of December 31, 2023) was:

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Title of class |  | Number of shares outstanding
Class B ordinary shares, nominal value Ps.1.00 per share |  | 380,933,642
Class A ordinary shares, nominal value Ps.1.00 per share |  | 61,738,188

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated Filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated Filer |  | ☒
Non-accelerated Filer |  | ☐ |  | Emerging Growth Company |  | ☐

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If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

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Indicate by checkmark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP ☐ |  | International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☒ |  | Other ☐

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If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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​ | ​ |
​ |  | Page
​ | ​ | ​
Certain Defined Terms and Conventions | ​ | iii
| ​ |
Presentation of Financial and Other Information | ​ | iv
| ​ |
Forward-Looking Statements | ​ | vi
| ​ |
PART I | ​ | 1
| ​ |
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors | ​ | 1
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable | ​ | 1
Item 3. Key Information | ​ | 1
| ​ |
Item 3.A [Reserved] | ​ | 1
Item 3.B Capitalization and indebtedness | ​ | 1
Item 3.C Reasons for the offer and use of proceeds | ​ | 1
Item 3.D Risk Factors | ​ | 1
| ​ |
Item 4. Information of the Company | ​ | 23
| ​ |
Item 4.A History and development of the Company | ​ | 23
Item 4.B Business Overview | ​ | 28
Item 4.C Organizational structure | ​ | 109
Item 4.D Property, plants and equipment | ​ | 113
Item 4.E Selected Statistical Information | ​ | 113
| ​ |
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects | ​ | 135
| ​ |
Item 5.A Operating Results | ​ | 135
Item 5.B Liquidity and Capital Resources | ​ | 157
Item 5.C Research and Development, patents and licenses, etc. | ​ | 164
Item 5.D Trend Information | ​ | 164
Item 5.E Critical Accounting Estimates | ​ | 166
| ​ |
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees | ​ | 167
| ​ |
Item 7. Shareholders and Related Party Transactions | ​ | 195
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Item 7.A Major Shareholders | ​ | 195
Item 7.B Related Party Transactions | ​ | 196
Item 7.C Interests of Experts and Counsel | ​ | 199
| ​ |
Item 8. Financial Information | ​ | 199
| ​ |
Item 8.A Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information. | ​ | 199
Item 8.B Significant Changes | ​ | 203
| ​ |
Item 9. The Offer and Listing | ​ | 203
| ​ | ​
Item 9.A Offer and Listing Details | ​ | 203
Item 9.B Plan of Distribution | ​ | 203

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Item 9.C Markets | ​ | 203
Item 9.D Selling Shareholders | ​ | 203
Item 9.E Dilution | ​ | 203
Item 9.F Expenses of the Issue | ​ | 203
​ | ​ | ​
Item 10. Additional Information | ​ | 203
| ​ | ​
Item 10.A Share Capital | ​ | 203
Item 10.B Memorandum and Articles of Association | ​ | 204
Item 10.C Material Contracts | ​ | 204
Item 10.D Exchange Controls | ​ | 204
Item 10.E Taxation | ​ | 214
Item 10.F Dividends and Paying Agents | ​ | 225
Item 10.G Statement by Experts | ​ | 225
Item 10.H Documents on Display | ​ | 226
Item 10.I Subsidiary Information | ​ | 226
| ​ | ​
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | ​ | 226
| ​ | ​
Item 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities | ​ | 231
| ​ | ​
Item 12.A Debt Securities | ​ | 231
Item 12.B Warrants and Rights | ​ | 231
Item 12.C Other Securities | ​ | 231
Item 12.D American Depositary Shares | ​ | 232
| ​ | ​
PART II | ​ | 233
| ​ | ​
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies | ​ | 233
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds | ​ | 233
Item 15. Controls and Procedures | ​ | 233
Item 16. [Reserved] | ​ | 234
| ​ | ​
Item 16.A Audit committee financial expert | ​ | 234
Item 16.B Code of Ethics | ​ | 234
Item 16.C Principal Accountant Fees and Services | ​ | 235
Item 16.D Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees | ​ | 236
Item 16.E Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers | ​ | 236
Item 16.F Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant | ​ | 238
Item 16.G Corporate Governance | ​ | 238
Item 16.H Mine Safety Disclosure | ​ | 243
Item 16.I Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | ​ | 243
Item 16.K Cybersecurity | ​ | 243
| ​ | ​
Item 17. Financial Statements | ​ | 245
Item 18. Financial Statements | ​ | 245
Item 19. Exhibit Index | ​ | 246

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ii

INTRODUCTION

CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS AND CONVENTIONS

In this annual report, we use the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company” and the “Group” to refer to Grupo Supervielle S.A. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Banco Supervielle S.A., unless otherwise indicated. References to “Grupo Supervielle” mean Grupo Supervielle S.A. References to the “Bank” mean Banco Supervielle S.A. and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to “Supervielle Seguros” mean Supervielle Seguros S.A. References to “Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros” mean Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros S.A. References to “SAM” mean Supervielle Asset Management S.A. References to “Supervielle Agente de Negociacion” mean Supervielle Agente de Negociación S.A.U. References to “IOL invertironline” mean InvertirOnline S.A.U. and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. References to “Espacio Cordial” or “Cordial Servicios” mean Espacio Cordial de Servicios S.A. References to “MILA” mean Micro Lending S.A.U. References to “IUDÚ” mean IUDÚ Compañía Financiera S.A. References to “Tarjeta” mean Tarjeta Automática S.A. References to “Bolsillo Digital” mean Bolsillo Digital S.A.U. References to “Sofital” mean Sofital S.A.U.F.e I. References to “IOL Holding” mean IOL Holding S.A. References to “Dólar IOL” mean Dólar IOL S.A.

References to “Class A shares” are to shares of our Class A common stock, with a par value of Ps.1.00 per share, references to “Class B shares” are to shares of our Class B common stock, with a par value of Ps.1.00 per share, and references to “ADSs” are to American depositary shares, each representing five Class B shares.

The term “Argentina” refers to the Republic of Argentina. The terms “Argentine government,” the “government” or the “Government” refers to the Federal Government of Argentina, the terms “Central Bank” or the “Argentine Central Bank” refer to the Banco Central de la República Argentina, and the term “CNV” refers to the Argentine Comisión Nacional de Valores, which is the Argentine securities and capital markets regulator. The term “ByMA” refers to Bolsas y Mercados Argentinos S.A., which is the Argentine securities exchange. The term “MAE” refers to Mercado Abierto Electrónico S.A., which is the Argentine electronic securities and foreign-currency trading exchange. The term “Argentine Capital Markets Law” refers to Law No. 26,831, as amended and supplemented. The term “Argentine Negotiable Obligations Law” refers to Law No. 23,576, as amended and supplemented. The term “Argentine General Corporations Law” refers to Law No. 19,550, as amended and supplemented. The term “Argentine Productive Financing Law” refers to Law No. 27,440, as amended and supplemented.

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“Argentine GAAP” refers to generally accepted accounting principles in Argentina and “Argentine Banking GAAP” refers to the accounting rules of the Central Bank. “IASB” refers to International Accounting Standards Board and “IFRS” refers to the International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the IASB.

The term “GDP” refers to gross domestic product and all references in this annual report to GDP growth are to real GDP growth. The term “CPI” refers to the consumer price index and the term “WPI” refers to the wholesale price index.

The term “customers” refers to individuals that have at least one active product with us and made at least one transaction in the previous 90 days, and entities that have at least one active checking account with us.

The term “digital customers” refers to individuals that use our online banking services, our mobile app or our senior citizens app during the previous 90 days.

The term “Argentine banks” refers to banks that operate in Argentina. Unless the context otherwise requires, the term “financial institutions” refers to institutions regulated by the Central Bank. The term “Argentine private banks” refers to banks that are not controlled or owned by the Government or any Argentine provincial, municipality or city government.

For information from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021, the term “small businesses” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales up to Ps.300 million, the term “SMEs” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales over Ps.300 million and below Ps.1.5 billion, the term “middle-market companies” refers to companies with annual sales over Ps.1.5 billion and below Ps.3 billion and the term “large corporates” refers to companies with annual sales over Ps.3 billion. For information from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022, the term “small businesses” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales up to Ps.300 million, the term “SMEs” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales over Ps.300 million and below Ps.3 billion, the term “middle-market and large companies” refers to companies with annual sales over Ps.3 billion. For information from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023, the term “small businesses” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales up to Ps.500 million, the term “SMEs” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales over Ps.500 million and below Ps.5 billion, the term “middle-market and large companies”

iii

refers to companies with annual sales over Ps.5 billion. Since January 1, 2024, the term “small businesses” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales up to Ps.1.5 billion, the term “SMEs” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales over Ps.1.5 billion and below Ps.10 billion, and the term “middle-market and large companies” refers to companies with annual sales over Ps.10 billion. Although the main criteria is annual sales, in some cases the definitions also consider whether these individuals, businesses and companies provide adequate customer service models pursuant to the requirements which apply to them.

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION

Financial Statements

This annual report contains our audited consolidated financial statements as of December, 2023 and 2022, and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (our “audited consolidated financial statements”), which have been audited by Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina, a member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report is included herein.

“Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies” (IAS 29) requires that the financial statements of an entity whose functional currency is one of a hyperinflationary economy be measured in terms of the current unit of measurement at the closing date of the reporting period, regardless of whether they are based on the historical cost method or the current cost method. This requirement also includes the comparative information in financial statements. Our audited consolidated financial statements are stated in the measurement unit current as of December 31, 2023.

We are subject to the provisions of Article 2 – Section I – Chapter I of Title IV (“Periodical Reporting Requirements”) of the rules issued by the CNV according to General Resolution No. 622/2013, as amended and supplemented (the “CNV Rules”), and we are required to present our financial statements in accordance with the Argentine Banking GAAP. The Argentine Central Bank, through Communications “A” 5541, as amended, set forth a convergence plan towards the application of IFRS as issued by the IASB and the interpretations issued by the International Financial Reporting Standards Committee (“IFRIC”), for entities under its supervision, effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, subject to the following exceptions:

•the temporary exception from IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” with respect to expected credit loss of financial instruments of the public sector;

•option to classify holdings in dual bonds at amortized cost or fair value through other comprehensive income; and

•the application of IFRS 17 "Insurance Contracts" will be optional until the BCRA makes it mandatory.

Our consolidated financial statements contained in this annual report differ in certain material respects from our financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 prepared in accordance with Argentine Banking GAAP and filed with the CNV.

Unless otherwise indicated, all financial information of our company included in this annual report is stated on a consolidated basis under IFRS and presented in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the latest reporting period.

Overview of IAS 29

IAS 29 establishes the conditions under which an entity shall restate its financial statements if it is located in an economic environment considered hyperinflationary. This standard requires that the financial statements of an entity that reports in the currency of a highly inflationary economy shall be stated in terms of the measuring unit current at the closing date of the latest reporting period, regardless of whether they are based on a historical cost approach or a current cost approach. To this end, in general terms, the inflation rate must be computed in the non-monetary items as of the acquisition date or the revaluation date, as applicable. These requirements also comprise the comparative information of the financial statements.

In order to conclude whether an economy is categorized as highly inflationary, IAS 29 outlines a series of factors to be considered, including the existence of an accumulated inflation rate in three years that is approximate to or exceeds 100%. Argentina has reported a cumulative three-year inflation rate significantly higher than 100% and therefore financial information must be adjusted for inflation in accordance with IAS 29. Consequently, we have applied IAS 29 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

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Adjustment for inflation in the initial balances has been calculated considering the indexes based on the price indexes published by Argentina’s National Statistics Institute (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos or “INDEC,” per its initials in Spanish). The Group determined to use the Internal Wholesale Price Index (IWPI) to restate balances and transactions until the year 2016. For November and December 2015, Grupo Supervielle used the average variation of the CPI of the City of Buenos Aires since during these two months there were no IWPI measurements available at a national level. From January 2017 onwards, Grupo Supervielle used the national CPI.

The principal inflation adjustment procedures are the following:

| ● | Monetary assets and liabilities that are recorded in the current currency as of the financial position’s closing date are not restated because they are already stated in terms of the currency unit current as of the date of the financial statements.

| ● | Non-monetary assets and liabilities are recorded at cost as of the financial position date, and equity components are restated applying the relevant adjustment ratios.

| ● | All items in the consolidated income statement are restated applying the relevant conversion factors, as described in Note 1.1.2 to our consolidated financial statements contained in this annual report.

| ● | The effect of inflation in Grupo Supervielle’s net monetary position is included in the consolidated income statement, in the item “Results from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money.”

| ● | Comparative figures have been adjusted for inflation following the procedure explained in the previous bullets.

| ● | Upon initially applying inflation adjustment, the equity accounts were restated as follows:

| o | Capital stock was restated as from the date of subscription or the date of the most recent inflation adjustment for accounting purposes, whichever is later.

| o | The resulting amount was included in the “Results from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money” account.

| o | Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income were restated as from each accounting allocation.

| o | The legal reserve and other reserves in the statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity were not restated as of the initial application date.

Certain Financial Data

The term “ROAE” refers to return on average shareholders’ equity, calculated based on daily averages. The term “ROAA” refers to return on average assets, calculated based on daily averages. ROAE and ROAA are frequently used by financial institutions as benchmarks to measure profitability compared to peers but not as benchmarks to determine returns for investors, which is affected by multiple factors that ROAE and ROAA do not consider.

Currencies and Rounding

The terms “U.S. dollar” and “U.S. dollars” and the symbol “U.S.$” refer to the legal currency of the United States. The terms “Peso” and “Pesos” and the symbol “Ps.” and “$” refer to the legal currency of Argentina.

v

We have translated certain of the Peso amounts contained in this annual report into U.S. dollars for convenience purposes only. Unless otherwise indicated, the rate used to translate such amounts as of December 31, 2023 was Ps.808.48 to U.S.$1.00, which was the reference exchange rate reported by the Central Bank for U.S. dollars as of December 31, 2023. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Pesos. The U.S. dollar equivalent information presented in this annual report is provided solely for the convenience of investors and should not be construed as implying that the Peso amounts represent, or could have been or could be converted into, U.S. dollars at such rates or at any other rate. The reference exchange rate reported by the Central Bank was Ps.873.75 per U.S.$1.00 as of April 25, 2024. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—Fluctuations in the value of the Peso could adversely affect the Argentine economy” and “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—The maintenance or implementation of additional exchange controls regulations, restrictions on transfers abroad and capital inflow restrictions could limit the availability of international credit and could threaten the financial system, which may adversely affect the Argentine economy.”

Certain figures included in this annual report have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown as totals in certain tables may not be an arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them.

Market Share and Other Information

We make statements in this annual report about our competitive position and market share in, and the market size of, the Argentine banking industry. We have made these statements on the basis of statistics and other information derived from the Central Bank’s publications and other third-party sources that we believe are reliable. Although we have no reason to believe any of this information or these reports are inaccurate in any material respect, we have not independently verified the competitive position, market share and market size or market growth data provided by third parties or by industry or general publications.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report contains estimates and forward-looking statements, principally in “Item 3.D. Risk Factors,” “Item 5.A. Operating Results,” and “Item 4.B. Business Overview.” We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current beliefs, expectations and projections about future courses of action, events and financial trends affecting our business. Many important factors, in addition to those discussed elsewhere in this annual report, could cause our actual results to differ substantially from those anticipated in our forward-looking statements, including, among others:

(i) | changes in general economic, financial, business, political, legal, social or other conditions in Argentina, including whether the new administration will be able to effectively implement its announced policies;

(ii) | fluctuations in the foreign exchange reserves, the exchange rate of the Peso and inflation;

(iii) | changes in foreign exchange regulations and exchange control measures implemented by the Central Bank and the Argentine government;

(iv) | changes in interest rates and the cost of deposits, which may, among other things, affect margins;

(v) | the compliance of the commitments and conditions included in the agreement with the International Monetary Fund (“IMF”);

(vi) | unanticipated increases in financing or other costs or the inability to obtain additional debt or equity financing on attractive terms, which may limit our ability to fund existing operations and to finance new activities;

(vii) | changes in capital markets in general that may affect policies or attitudes toward lending to or investing in Argentina or Argentine companies, including expected or unexpected volatility in domestic and international financial markets;

(viii) | changes in government regulation, including tax and banking regulations;

(ix) | the impact of pandemics, epidemics and other health events, including the coronavirus 2019 (“COVID-19”) and government measures taken in response to them, on economic activity, our results of operation and our operations;

(x) | adverse legal or regulatory disputes or proceedings;

(xi) | credit and other risks of lending, such as increases in defaults by borrowers;

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(xii) | exposure to Argentine government liabilities and fluctuations and declines in the value of Argentine public debt;

(xiii) | increased competition in the banking, financial services, credit card services, asset management and related industries;

(xiv) | a loss of market share by any of our main businesses;

(xv) | increase in the allowances for loan losses;

(xvi) | technological changes or an inability to implement new technologies, changes in consumer spending and saving habits;

(xvii) | threats of cybersecurity breaches;

(xviii) | ability to implement our business strategy; and

(xix) | other factors discussed under “Item 3.D. Risk Factors” in this annual report.

The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “aim,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “forecast” and similar words are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, business strategies, financing plans, competitive position, industry environment, potential growth opportunities, the effects of future regulation and the effects of competition. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update publicly or to revise any forward-looking statements after we distribute this annual report because of new information, future events or other factors, except as required by applicable law. In light of the risks and uncertainties described above, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this annual report might not occur and do not constitute guarantees of future performance. Because of these uncertainties, you should not make any investment decisions based on these estimates and forward-looking statements.

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PART I

Item 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors

Not applicable.

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Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not applicable.

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Item 3. Key Information

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Item 3.A[Reserved]

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Item 3.BCapitalization and indebtedness

Not applicable.

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Item 3.CReasons for the offer and use of proceeds

Not applicable.

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Item 3.DRisk Factors

Summary of Risk Factors

The following summarizes some, but not all, of the principal risks provided below. Please carefully consider all of the information discussed in this Item 3.D “Risk Factors” in this annual report for a detailed description of these and other risks.

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| ● | Our business is largely dependent upon macroeconomic, political, regulatory and social conditions in Argentina.

| ● | If the current levels of inflation continue or increase, the Argentine economy and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.

| ● | A decrease in international prices for the main commodities exported by Argentina or a significant decline in their production could negatively affect Argentina’s economic condition.

| ● | Persistent fiscal deficit could result in long lasting adverse consequences for the Argentine economy, which in turn could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

| ● | Fluctuations in the value of the Peso could adversely affect the Argentine economy.

| ● | The maintenance or implementation of additional exchange controls regulations, restrictions on transfers abroad and capital inflow restrictions could limit the availability of international credit and could threaten the financial system, which may adversely affect the Argentine economy.

| ● | The Argentine government’s ability to obtain financing from the international loan and capital markets may be limited or costly, which may impair its ability to implement reforms and foster economic growth.

| ● | Government intervention in the Argentine economy could undermine business and investor confidence.

| ● | Developments in other countries may adversely affect the Argentine economy and our financial performance.

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| ● | We operate in a highly regulated environment, and our operations are subject to regulations adopted, and measures taken, by several regulatory agencies.

| ● | The stability of the Argentine financial system depends upon the ability of financial institutions, including the Bank, the main subsidiary of the Group, to retain the confidence of depositors.

| ● | The asset quality of financial institutions, including ourselves, may deteriorate if the Argentine private sector continues to be affected by adverse macroecononic conditions in Argentina.

| ● | Argentine financial institutions, including us, continue to have significant exposure to public sector debt, including securities issued by the Argentine Central Bank, and its repayment or refinancing capacity, which in periods of uncertainty may negatively affect their results of operations.

| ● | Enforcement of creditors’ rights in Argentina may be limited, costly and lengthy.

| ● | Changes in market conditions and any associated risks, including interest rate and currency exchange volatility, could materially and adversely affect our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

| ● | Reduced spreads between interest rates on loans and those on deposits could adversely affect the Bank’s profitability.

| ● | Due to our exposure to middle and lower-middle-income individuals and SMEs, the quality of our consolidated loan portfolio is more susceptible to economic downturns and recessions.

| ● | Our estimates and established reserves for credit risk and potential credit losses may prove to be insufficient, which may materially and adversely affect our asset quality and our financial condition and results of operations.

| ● | The Bank’s revenues from its business with senior citizens could decrease or cease to grow if the agreement with ANSES is terminated or not renewed.

| ● | Cybersecurity events could negatively affect our reputation, our financial condition and our results of operations.

| ● | Our controlling shareholder has the ability to direct our business, and potential conflicts of interest could arise.

You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as the other information in this annual report. Our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects could be materially and adversely affected if any of these risks occurs. In general, investors take more risk when they invest in the securities of issuers in emerging countries such as Argentina than when they invest in the securities of issuers in the United States and other more developed markets. The risks described below are those known to us and that as of the date of this annual report believe may materially affect us.

Risks Relating to Argentina

Our business is largely dependent upon macroeconomic, political, regulatory and social conditions in Argentina.

Substantially all of our operations, property and customers are located in Argentina. As a result, the quality of our assets, our financial condition and the results of our operations are dependent upon the macroeconomic, regulatory, social and political conditions prevailing in Argentina from time to time. These conditions include growth rates, inflation rates, exchange rates, taxes, foreign exchange controls, changes to interest rates, changes to government policies, social instability, and other political, economic or international developments either taking place in, or otherwise affecting, Argentina.

Developments in economic, political, regulatory and social conditions in Argentina, and measures taken by the Argentine government, have had and are expected to continue to have a significant impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Argentina is an emerging country and investing in such markets generally carries additional risks.

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The Argentine economy has experienced significant volatility in the past decades, including multiple periods of low or negative growth and high levels of inflation and currency depreciation, and may experience further volatility in the future. According to data published by the INDEC, Argentina’s GDP in 2022 increased by 5.0% compared to 2021. In 2023, Argentina’s GDP decreased by 1.6% compared to 2022, according to data published by the INDEC, primarily due to the drought which mainly affected the agricultural production in Argentina, which decreased 20.4% compared to 2022.

Argentine economic conditions are dependent on a variety of factors, including the following: (i) domestic production, international demand and prices for Argentina’s principal commodity exports; (ii) the competitiveness and efficiency of domestic industries and services; (iii) the stability and competitiveness of the Peso against foreign currencies; (iv) the rate of inflation; (v) the government’s fiscal deficits; (vi) the government’s public debt levels; (vii) foreign and domestic investment and financing; and (viii) governmental policies and the legal and regulatory environment. Government policies and regulation –which at times have been implemented through informal or de facto measures and have been subject to radical shifts– that have had a significant impact on the Argentine economy in the past, have included, among others: (i) monetary policy, including exchange controls, capital controls, high interest rates and a variety of measures to curb inflation; (ii) restrictions on exports and imports; (iii) price controls; (iv) mandatory wage increases or prohibition of dismissals; (v) taxation; and (vi) government intervention in the private sector.

The IMF and the Argentine authorities reached an understanding on key policies as part of their ongoing discussions of an IMF-supported program in order to renegotiate the principal maturities of the U.S.$44.1 billion under a stand-by arrangement. On March 25, 2022, the IMF approved the execution of the financing agreement (the “IMF Agreement”) with Argentina for a total amount of U.S.$44 billion, which included a disbursement of U.S.$9.6 billion. In October 2022, December 2022, April 2023 and August 2023, the IMF authorized disbursements of U.S.$3.8 billion, U.S.$6 billion, U.S.$5.4 billion and U.S.$7.5 billion, respectively, following Argentina’s completion of the targets set forth in the IMF Agreement. In addition, the IMF and the Argentine government agreed to revise the targets set forth in the IMF Agreement considering the negative impact that the drought had on the Argentine economy in 2023. On January 31, 2024, the new Argentine government and the IMF agreed to revise the targets set forth in the IMF Agreement. The target for reserve accumulation increased to U.S.$10 billion, originally set at U.S.$8.2 billion. As a result of these revisions, in January 31, 2024, the IMF authorized an additional disbursement of approximately U.S.$4.7 billion. As of the date of this annual report, the aggregate amount of disbursements authorized by the IMF is approximately U.S.$40.6 billion. According to the IMF, Argentina is implementing an ambitious stabilization plan focused on the establishment of a strong fiscal anchor along with policies to bring down inflation. The IMF monitors Argentina’s compliance with the agreement at the end of each quarter. We cannot assure that the conditions of the IMF Agreement will not affect Argentina’s ability to implement reforms and public policies and boost economic growth, nor the impact that the IMF Agreement may have in Argentina’s ability to access international capital markets (and indirectly in our ability to access those markets).

On November 19, 2023, a presidential runoff election took place between Javier Milei, candidate of “La Libertad Avanza” and Sergio Massa, candidate of “Union por la Patria”, with Javier Milei being elected President of the Nation, with 55.69% of the votes, and taking office on December 10, 2023. Also as a result of the 2023 elections, La Libertad Avanza has 7 of the 72 representatives in the Senate and 41 of the 257 representatives in the Chamber of Deputies. The new administration has indicated that it intends to implement business friendly policies, but we cannot assure you that it will be able to implement these policies, considering that it does not hold a majority of the representatives in each chamber of Congress.

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The newly elected government faces significant macroeconomic challenges, such as reducing the inflation rate, achieving commercial and fiscal surpluses, accumulating reserves, supporting the peso, refinancing debt owed to private creditors, and improving the competitiveness of the Argentine economy based on different factors that affect it, including the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, and the conflict between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip. Since the new administration took office, a large number of measures aimed at deregulating the Argentine economy and limiting government intervention in the private sector have been implemented, and it is expected that further measures will be adopted in the future. As of the date of this annual report, we cannot predict the impact that these measures, and any future measures that may be adopted by the government, will have on the Argentine economy in general and on the financial sector in particular.

Political uncertainty in Argentina regarding the policies adopted and that may be adopted in the future by the government could lead to further volatility in the market prices of the securities of Argentine issuers and could have a material adverse effect on the economy or on Argentina’s ability to meet its obligations, which in turn could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

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We cannot assure you that developments in Argentina will not affect macroeconomic, political, regulatory or social conditions in the country and, consequently, affect our business, result of operations and financial condition.

If the current levels of inflation continue or increase, the Argentine economy and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.

In the past, inflation has materially undermined the Argentine economy and Argentina’s ability to create conditions that would permit growth. High inflation may also undermine Argentina’s competitiveness abroad and lead to a decline in private consumption which, in turn, could also affect employment levels, salaries and interest rates. Moreover, a high inflation rate could undermine confidence in the Argentine financial system, reducing the Peso deposit base and negatively affecting long-term credit markets.

In recent years, Argentina has confronted high inflationary pressures, and continues to do so. In 2021, the INDEC registered an increase in CPI of 50.9% and an increase in WPI of 51.3%. In 2022, the INDEC registered an increase in CPI of 94.8% and an increase in WPI of 94.8%. In 2023, the INDEC registered an increase in CPI of 211.4% and an increase in WPI of 276.4%, which represents the highest annual inflation since 1991. The CPI published by the INDEC for the months of January and February 2024 was 20.6% and 13.2%, respectively. In March 2024, the INDEC registered a CPI of 11.0%, reaching a level of 287.9% year over year.

In June 2018, the International Practices Task Force categorized Argentina as a country with a projected three-year cumulative inflation rate greater than 100%. Pursuant to IAS 29 (Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies), the financial statements of entities whose functional currency is that of a hyperinflationary economy must be restated in a suitable general price index to control the effects of changes. Argentine companies applying IFRS are required to apply IAS 29 to their financial statements for periods ending on and after July 1, 2018. In addition, certain regulatory authorities, such as the CNV, have required that financial statements submitted to the CNV for the periods ended on and after December 31, 2018 be restated for inflation in accordance with IAS 29.

On April 8, 2024, the Argentine Central Bank announced that the new inflation estimate for 2024 is 189.4% pursuant to its survey of market expectations (Relevamiento de Expectativas de Mercado) which was made between March 25 and March 27, 2024.

There can be no assurances that inflation rates will decrease, remain flat or not escalate in the future or that the measures adopted or that may be adopted by the administration to control inflation will be effective or successful. If inflation levels remain high or rise in the future, the development of the Argentine economy could be negatively impacted and, in particular, our costs of operation could increase, which may negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A decrease in international prices for the main commodities exported by Argentina or a significant decline in their production could negatively affect Argentina’s economic condition.

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Argentina’s reliance on the export of certain commodities, particularly soybeans and its by products, corn and wheat, has made the country more vulnerable to fluctuations in their prices. A decrease in commodity prices may adversely affect the Argentine government’s fiscal revenues and the Argentine economy as a whole and, as a result, negatively impact the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations. Given its reliance on these agricultural commodities, Argentina is also vulnerable to weather events, such as the droughts which occurred in Argentina in 2018 and 2023, which may negatively affect the production of such commodities, reducing fiscal revenues and the inflow of U.S. dollars. A continued fall in the international prices of the main commodities exported by Argentina or any future weather conditions that may have an adverse effect on agriculture could have a negative effect on the level of government revenues and its ability to service its public debt and could generate recessionary or inflationary pressures, depending on the government's reaction.

The negative impact that the droughts which occurred in Argentina in 2018 and 2023 have had in Argentina has been reinforced by the historic drop in the Paraná river (Argentina’s main river) and a large number of fire outbreaks in multiple Argentine provinces during 2022. These environmental events have negatively affected the agriculture sector in Argentina. If any severe weather events, including droughts, occur in the future, productive activities in Argentina, the level of foreign exchange reserves in the Central Bank and the Argentine economy as a whole could be adversely affected. Adverse weather conditions may affect the production of commodities by the agricultural sector, which represents a significant portion of Argentina's export revenues. In 2023, rainfall in the core region of Argentina, the most productive area of the country, was 20% below the historical average, although the projections for soybean and corn harvest for the 2023/24 season are positive.

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If the international prices for agricultural commodities decrease or if the production of such commodities is diminished, Argentina’s economy could be adversely affected. In addition, such circumstances could have a negative impact on the government’s tax revenues, including its ability to repay its debt, and on the availability of foreign currency. Any such developments may adversely affect Argentina’s economy and, as a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the conflict between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip have affected and could continue to affect other countries worldwide, generating increases in the international prices of oil, gas, and commodities, including those produced by Argentina. However, a long-term decrease in the international price of oil would negatively impact the oil and gas prospects of Argentina and result in a decrease in foreign investment in these sectors.

Persistent fiscal deficit could result in long lasting adverse consequences for the Argentine economy, which in turn could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

During the last years, the Argentine government has sustained high levels of fiscal deficit, and has resorted regularly to the Central Bank to source part of its funding requirements. In 2021 and 2022 public sector expenditure increased approximately 49.6% and 54.8%, respectively, and the government achieved a primary fiscal deficit of 2.2% and 2.4% Argentina’s GDP, respectively, according to the Argentine Ministry of Treasury. In 2023, public sector revenues decreased approximately 4.7%, mainly as a result of the significant drop in income from withholdings as a result of the drought which occurred in Argentina in 2023, and public expenditures decreased 4.9%, mainly due to a reduction in real terms in social benefits and subsidies. The government achieved a primary fiscal deficit of 2.7% Argentina’s GDP in 2023.

Following the agreement with the IMF, in January 2024 Argentina committed to achieve a primary fiscal surplus of 2.0% of Argentina’s GDP in 2024.

Despite the announced commitment from Javier Milei’s new administration aimed at eliminating fiscal deficit, we cannot assure you that in the future the Argentine government will not seek to finance its deficit by gaining access to the liquidity available in the local financial institutions. In that case, government initiatives that increase the exposure of local financial institutions to the public sector could affect our liquidity and assets quality and have a negative effect on clients’ confidence in the financial system.

Fluctuations in the value of the Peso could adversely affect the Argentine economy.

Fluctuations in the value of the Peso continue to affect the Argentine economy. Since January 2002, the Peso has fluctuated significantly in value. Persistent high inflation, together with formal and de facto exchange controls, and restrictions on foreign trade, highly distorted relative prices have resulted in the loss of competitiveness of Argentine production, impeded investment and caused economic stagnation. In 2021 and 2022 the Peso depreciated against to the US dollar a 22% and a 72.4%, respectively. In 2023, the Peso depreciated 356% with respect to the U.S. dollar and, after the election of President Javier Milei, the exchange rate devalued by 118%. As of April 25, 2024, the exchange rate was Ps.873.75 per U.S.$1.00.

The depreciation of the Peso may have a negative impact on the ability of certain Argentine businesses to service their foreign currency denominated debt, lead to inflation, significantly reduce real wages and jeopardize the stability of businesses whose success depends on domestic market demand, and also adversely affect the Argentine government’s ability to honor its foreign debt obligations. In turn, a significant appreciation of the Peso against the U.S. dollar also presents risks for the Argentine economy, including the possibility of a reduction in exports as a consequence of the loss of external competitiveness. Any such appreciation could also have a negative effect on economic growth and employment and reduce tax revenues in real terms.

The maintenance or implementation of additional exchange controls regulations, restrictions on transfers abroad and capital inflow restrictions could limit the availability of international credit and could threaten the financial system, which may adversely affect the Argentine economy.

In the past, the Argentine government has increased controls on the sale of foreign currency, limiting transfers of funds abroad. Measures taken by the Argentine government significantly curtailed access to the official foreign exchange market and, as a result, an unofficial U.S. dollar trading market developed in which the Peso-U.S. dollar exchange rate differed substantially from the official Peso-U.S. dollar exchange rate. The current exchange controls apply with respect to access to the foreign exchange market by residents for savings and investment purposes abroad, the payment of external financial debts abroad, the payment of dividends in foreign currency

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abroad, payments of imports and exports of goods and services, and the obligation to repatriate and settle the proceeds from exports of goods and services for Pesos, among others. For further information, see “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls”.

In September 2020, the Central Bank issued Communication “A” 7106 which restricted the access to the foreign exchange market for the repayment of principal payments under certain external financial indebtedness maturing between October 15, 2020 and March 31, 2021, which led many borrowers to refinance their debts. These restrictions were further amended and applied to external financial indebtedness maturing between October 15, 2020 and December 31, 2023. We cannot assure you whether the Central Bank will adopt similar restrictions in the future.

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We cannot anticipate for how long these measures will be in force or if additional restrictions will be imposed. The Argentine government could maintain or impose new exchange controls, restrictions and take other measures in response to capital flight or a significant depreciation of the Peso, which could in turn limit access to the international capital markets and affect the Argentine economy. In addition, such evolving exchange control restrictions and measures may result in Argentine Central Banks’s information requests, enforcement actions and penalties due to diverging interpretations of foreign exchange regulatoins.

As a related matter, the international reserves deposited with the Argentine Central Bank have fluctuated significantly. The amount of international reserves of the Argentine government reached U.S.$28.4 billion as of March 2024, which represents an increase of approximately U.S.$7.0 billion since November 2023.

In addition, since the imposition of exchange controls, the difference between the official exchange rate, which is currently used for both commercial and financial operations, and other informal exchange rates that arise implicitly as a result of certain operations commonly carried out in the capital market (dollar “MEP” or “contado con liquidación”), have broadened deeply during 2023. However, in an effort to address the fiscal deficit, the newly elected government implemented a currency adjustment, leading to a devaluation of the Peso of approximately 50% in December 2023. From December 2023, the Peso has devaluated 2% every month which has reduced the gap between the official exchange rate and the other informal exchange rates to approximately 21% as of April 23, 2024.

The Argentine government could maintain a single official exchange rate or create multiple exchange rates for different types of transactions, substantially modifying the applicable exchange rate at which we acquire currency for different purposes. Furthermore, existing or future measures could undermine the Argentine government’s public finances, which could adversely affect Argentina’s economy, which, in turn, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The Argentine government’s ability to obtain financing from the international loan and capital markets may be limited or costly, which may impair its ability to implement reforms and foster economic growth.

During recent years the Argentine government has faced difficulties in the payment of its sovereign debt. As a result, the Argentine government may not have access to international financing, or its access may be costly, which would limit its ability to make investments and foster economic growth. Additionally, Argentine companies may also have difficulty accessing international financing, at reasonable costs or at all.

During March 2020, the Argentine government initiated discussions with various groups of creditors to discuss a path for Argentina’s debt sustainability. With respect to Argentina’s international bonds, the Argentine executive branch approved the restructuring of certain eligible global bonds issued under foreign laws for up to U.S.$65 billion. In August 2020, the Argentine government announced that it had obtained the consents required to exchange 99% of the aggregate principal amount outstanding of all series of eligible bonds.

In March 2020, the then former Minister of Economy Martin Guzman addressed a letter to the Paris Club members expressing Argentina’s decision to postpone until May 2021 the U.S.$2.1 billion payment originally due in May 2020, in accordance with the terms of the settlement agreement Argentina had reached with the Paris Club members in May 2014 (the “Paris Club 2014 Settlement Agreement”). In addition, in April 2020, the Minister of Economy sent the Paris Club members a proposal to modify the existing terms of the Paris Club 2014 Settlement Agreement, seeking mainly an extension of the maturity dates and a significant reduction in the interest rate. In June 2021, the parties agreed that Argentina would pay U.S.$430 million to the Paris Club members before the end of July and the rest during the following year to avert default in July 2021. On March 22, 2022, the Argentine government reached an agreement with the Paris Club for a new extension of the agreement reached in June 2021.

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On October 28, 2022, the former Minister of Economy, Sergio Massa, announced a new agreement with the Paris Club pursuant to which the maturity date of the outstanding amount of debt under the agreement entered into by the Argentina government and the Paris Club in 2014 was extended to September 2028 and the interest rate decreased from 9% to 3.9% in the first three installments, with a gradual increase to 4.5%. The payment profile implies an average semi-annual payment of U.S.$170 million (principal and interest included). Over the next two years Argentina is expected to repay 40% of outstanding debt, which amounts to U.S.$1,971 million. On June 26, 2023, Sergio Massa signed bilateral agreements with three members of the Paris Club to refinance the existing debt with the institution. Thus, after signing the new agreement reached in 2022, the former Minister of Economy was able to seal bilateral agreements with 15 of the 16 creditors of the institution.

In June 2018, the Argentine government and the IMF signed a three-year, U.S.$50 billion loan agreement, as further amended to U.S.$57.1 billion through 2021 (the “IMF 2018 Agreement”). Following an IMF report in February 2020 stating that Argentina’s debt may not be sustainable, the Argentine government requested to begin discussions with the IMF in order to renegotiate the principal maturities of the U.S.$44.1 billion disbursed between 2018 and 2019 under a stand-by arrangement. The IMF and the Argentine authorities reached an understanding on key policies as part of their ongoing discussions on an IMF-supported program. See “—Our business is largely dependent upon macroeconomic, political, regulatory and social conditions in Argentina.”

In June 2021, Morgan Stanley Capital Index (“MSCI”), in its market classification report, reclassified the Argentine market from the “Emerging Markets” category to the “Standalone” or “Independent Markets” category, classification that is reserved for those countries that have accessibility barriers to foreign investors, political tensions, small capital markets and poor economies or that lack adequate regulations. In the case of Argentina, the classification as a “Standalone” market was due to the prolonged severity of capital controls in the Argentine stock market which is not in line with the accessibility criteria of the MSCI Emerging Markets index. As a result of the reclassification, several Argentine companies suffered a negative impact on the price of their shares, and may face difficulties in obtaining financing in the future.

Due to past or future defaults on its indebtedness, we cannot assure you that Argentina will have access to international financing in the future, on favorable terms or at all. If Argentina is not able to access financing, it may not be able to foster economic growth and invest in the country. As a result, we cannot assure you that private companies in Argentina will have access to financing on favorable terms or at all, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Government intervention in the Argentine economy could undermine business and investor confidence.

The Argentine government exercises substantial control over the economy and may increase its level of intervention in certain areas of the economy, including through the regulation of market conditions and prices.

In the past, the Argentine government has increased state intervention in the economy, including through expropriation and nationalization measures, price controls, exchange controls, establishment of minimum salary levels and mandatory employee benefits and restrictions on capital flows. For example, in 2008, the administration absorbed and replaced the former private pension system for a public “pay-as-you-go” pension system. As a result, all resources administered by the private pension funds, including significant equity interests in a wide range of listed companies, have since been administered by the Argentine Social Security Administration (Administración Nacional de la Seguridad Social or “ANSES”). In 2014, the Argentine government enacted law No. 26,991, which enables the Argentine government to intervene in certain markets when it considers that any party to the market is trying to impose prices or supply restrictions in the market. This law applies to all economic processes linked to goods, facilities and services which, either directly or indirectly, satisfy basic needs of the population (so-called “basic needs goods”), and grants broad powers to the relevant enforcing agency (Secretariat of Commerce) to become involved in such processes. In June 2020, the Argentine government ordered the 60-day temporary intervention of the cereal producer group Vicentín S.A.I.C. to ensure the continuance of the company’s operations and to preserve jobs and assets. In addition, as a result of the public health emergency declared by the Argentine government due to the COVID-19 pandemic, several measures have been adopted to limit the impact on the Argentine economy, including freezing rent prices and public services tariffs, and the prohibition of work dismissals, among others.

Despite the announced measures from Javier Milei’s new administration aimed at reducing state intervention in the private sector since his taking of office, in the future, the level of intervention in the economy by the Argentine government may continue or increase, which may adversely affect Argentina’s economy and, in turn, our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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Developments in other countries may adversely affect the Argentine economy and our financial performance.

Argentina’s economy remains vulnerable to external shocks that could be caused by adverse regional or global developments. A significant decline in the economic growth of any of Argentina’s major trading partners (including Brazil, the European Union, China and the United States) could have a material adverse impact on Argentina’s balance of trade and adversely affect Argentina’s economy. In addition, Argentina may be affected by economic and market conditions in markets worldwide, as was the case in 2008, when the global economic crisis led to a sudden economic decline in Argentina in 2009.

In the past, emerging market economies have been affected by changes in U.S. monetary policy, at times resulting in the unwinding of investments and increased volatility in the value of their currencies. During 2018, the interest rate curve in the United States shifted upward, generating a generalized devaluation in emerging markets, with the Turkish Lira and the Peso being the most affected currencies against the U.S. dollar. However, in July 2019, the U.S. Federal Reserve cut rates for the first time since 2008, indicating an expectation of lower growth in the future, with long-term rates remaining low during 2020 and 2021. In March 2022, the U.S. Federal Reserve increased the federal funds rate by 0.25% for the first time since December 2018. During 2022, the U.S. Federal Reserve further increased the federal funds rate to a range between 4.25% and 4.50%. On February 2, 2023, the U.S. Federal Reserve further increased the federal funds rate by 0.25 and on March 22, 2023 it further increased the federal funds rate by 0.25 to a range of 4.75% to 5%. If interest rates rise significantly in developed economies, including the United States, emerging market economies, including Argentina, could find it more difficult and expensive to borrow capital and refinance existing debt, which would negatively affect their economic growth.

In February 2022, Russia n troops undertook a f ull-scale military invasio n of Ukraine. This conflict had, and may continue to have, significant global economic effects, including heightened inflation, supply chain problems, increases in interest rates, market volatility and an impact on commodity prices, especially with regard to international crude oil and gas prices. The conflict and its effects could exacerbate the current slowdown in the global economy and could negatively affect the payment capacity of some of our customers. A dditionally, Russia’s prior annexation of Crimea, recognition of two separatist republics in the Donetsk and L uhans k regions of Ukraine and subsequent military interventions in Ukraine have led to sanctions and other penalties being levied by the United States, the European Union and other countries against Russia, Belarus, the Crimea Region o f Ukraine, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic, and the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic. The severity of these sanctions may increase and could contribute to a shortage of raw materials and commodities, which could, in turn, generate greater levels of inflation and create interruptions in the global supply chain. Interruptions in the global supply chain could particularly affect the energy sector and could create supply chain difficulties in local markets. In addition, there is a risk that Russia and other countries supporting Russia in this conflict may launch cyberattack s a gainst t h e U nite d S tate s a n d it s allie s and other countries, their governments and businesses, including the infrastructure in such countries.

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Following a terrorist attack by Hamas in the Gaza strip on October 7, 2023, Israel declared war on Hamas and other terrorist organizations in Gaza. On October 7, 2023, Hamas terrorists infiltrated Israel’s southern border from the Gaza strip and conducted a series of attacks on civilian and military targets. Hamas also launched extensive rocket attacks on the Israeli population and industrial centers located along Israel’s border with the Gaza strip and in other areas within Israel. Following the attack, Israel’s security cabinet declared war against Hamas and the Israeli military began to call up reservists for active duty. Subsequently, on April 13, 2024, Iran launched an aerial offensive against Israel. Even though there was no significant damage, Israel’s definitive course of action is pending. Concurrently, the Milei administration has publicly stated its belief that Israel has the right to defend itself. The future of this conflict as well as its impact on international trade and on emerging market economies such as Argentina remain uncertain. At the same time, the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon escalated and the Houthi movement initiated attacks on marine vessels in the Red Sea. There is a possibility that these attacks will turn into a greater regional conflict in the future.

Russian military actions and the Israel-Hamas conflict, the potential expansion of such conflicts in surrounding areas, and the potential sanctions from these conflicts could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets and lead to instability and lack of liquidity in capital markets. Although our businesses, results of operations and financial position could be adversely affected by any of these factors directly or indirectly arising from these geopolitical conflicts, due to the uncertainties inherent to the scale and duration of such conflicts and their direct and indirect effects, it is not reasonably possible to estimate the impact these conflicts will have on the global economy and financial markets, on the Argentine economy and, consequently, on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We cannot assure your that events in other market countries , in the US or elsewhere will not adversely affect our financial performance.

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The outbreak and spread of a pandemic and other large-scale public health events could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Economic conditions in Argentina may be adversely affected by an outbreak of a contagious disease, such as COVID-19 (coronavirus), which develops into a regional or global pandemic and other large scale public health events. The measures taken by governments, regulators and businesses to respond to any such pandemic or event may lead to slower or negative economic growth, supply disruptions, inflationary pressures and significant increases in public debt, and may also adversely affect the Group’s counterparties (including borrowers), which may lead to increased loan losses. Such measures could also impact the business and operations of third parties that provide critical services to the Group.

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During the outbreak of COVID-19, the Group experienced a decline in activity, including as a result of branch closures and remote working requirements, and was affected by a number of regulatory measures, such as: the introduction of caps and floors on interest rates and the introduction of payment deferral of loans allowed to individuals and companies and mandatory loans to be granted at interest rates below market rates.

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If there were an outbreak of a new pandemic or another large-scale public health event occurs in the future, the Group may experience an adverse impact, which may be material, on its business, financial condition and results of operations, including as a result of the exacerbation of any of the other risks described in this section.

Government or labor pressure to grant salary increases and/or additional benefits may affect business conditions in Argentina.

In the past, the Argentine government has passed laws and regulations forcing privately owned companies to maintain certain wage levels and provide added benefits to their employees. Additionally, both public and private sector employers have been subject to significant pressure from the workforce and trade unions to grant salary increases and other benefits. The Argentine government has increased the minimum monthly salaries on numerous opportunities. In addition, in the past the Argentine government has arranged other measures to mitigate the impact of inflation and exchange rate fluctuation in wages, or the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Labor relations in Argentina are governed by specific legislation, such as Labor Law No. 20,744 and Collective Bargaining Law No. 14,250, which, among other things, dictate how salary and other labor negotiations are to be conducted. Most industrial or commercial activities are regulated by a specific collective bargaining agreement that groups together companies by industry and trade unions. While the process of negotiation is standardized, each chamber of industrial or commercial activity negotiates the increases of salaries and labor benefits with the relevant trade union of such commercial or industrial activity. Parties are bound by the final decision once it is approved by the labor authority and must observe the established salary increases for all employees that are represented by the respective union and to whom the collective bargaining agreement applies. On March 1, 2024, the new President Milei called upon the governors to enter into a consensus called “Pacto de Mayo” with respect to certain key political principles, including the inviolability of private property, the adoption of a tax reform to reduce the tax burden and promote trade, the review of the federal tax co-participation model, and the adoption of a labor reform.

We cannot assure you that the new Argentine administration will implement a labor reform or that it will not adopt future measures requiring that employers increase salaries and/or employee benefits, prohibition of dismissals, duplication of severance payments or that our employees and/or labor unions will not pressure for such measures themselves. Any such increase could result in an increase in our operating expenses and, therefore, adversely affect our results of operations.

Failure to adequately address actual and perceived risks of institutional deterioration and corruption may adversely affect Argentina’s economy, which in turn could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A lack of a solid institutional framework and corruption have been identified as, and continue to be a significant problem for Argentina. In Transparency International’s 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index survey of 180 countries, Argentina was ranked 98, down from 94 in the index for 2022, and from 96 in 2021.

Recognizing that the failure to address these issues could increase the risk of political instability, distort decision-making processes and adversely affect Argentina’s international reputation and ability to attract foreign investment, the former Macri administration announced several measures aimed at strengthening Argentina’s institutions and reducing corruption. These measures included the reduction of criminal sentences in exchange for cooperation with the government in corruption investigations, increased access to public information, the seizing of assets from corrupt officials, increasing the powers of the Anticorruption Office (Oficina

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Anticorrupción) and the passing of a new public ethics law, among others. The current Argentine administration’s ability and determination to implement these initiatives taken by the Macri administration is still uncertain, as it would require, among other things, the involvement of the judicial branch, which is independent, as well as legislative support from opposing parties. We cannot assure whether the implementation of these measures will be successful.

The Argentine government’s inability to accurately address actual and perceived risks of institutional deterioration and corruption might adversely affect the Argentine economy which, in turn, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Risks Relating to the Argentine Financial System

We operate in a highly regulated environment, and our operations are subject to regulations adopted, and measures taken, by several regulatory agencies.

Financial institutions are subject to significant regulation relating to functions that historically have been determined by the Central Bank, the Financial Information Unit (Unidad de Información Financiera or “UIF”) and the CNV. The number of these regulations have increased in recent years and include: (i) floor on interest rates on time deposits and subsidized rates on mandatory credit lines to SMEs, (ii) minimum capital requirements; (iii) mandatory reserve requirements; (iv) requirements for investments in fixed rate assets; (v) lending limits and other credit restrictions, including mandatory allocations; (vi) limits and other restrictions on fees; (vii) reduction of the period for the financial institutions to deposit the amount of sales made with credit cards in the corresponding accounts of the sellers; (viii) limits on the amount of interest banks can charge or pay, or on the period for capitalizing interest; (ix) accounting and statistical requirements; (x) limits on dividends; (xi) reporting or controlling regimes as agents or legally bound reporting parties; (xii) changes in the deposit insurance regime and (xiii) prior approval of the Central Bank for any decision regarding closing of branches. See “Item 4—Information of the Company—Argentine Banking Regulation Overview”.

We have no control over governmental regulations or the rules governing all aspects of our operations. The Central Bank may penalize our main subsidiary, the Bank, in case of any breach of applicable regulations. Similarly, the CNV, which authorizes our securities offerings and regulates the public markets in Argentina, has the authority to impose sanctions on us and our Board of Directors for breaches of corporate governance.

The absence of a stable regulatory framework in Argentina for financial institutions and the imposition of measures that affect the profitability of financial institutions and limit the possibility of covering their positions against currency fluctuations result may limit the decisions that financial institutions, including the Bank, can make on asset allocation, which may adversely affect future financial activities and our result of operations. There can be no assurances that new and tighter regulations will not be implemented in the future, which could cause uncertainty and could negatively affect our future financial activities and results of operations. In addition, existing or future legislation and regulation may require us to make material expenditures to avoid any material adverse effect on our consolidated operations.

The stability of the Argentine financial system depends upon the ability of financial institutions, including the Bank, the main subsidiary of the Group, to retain the confidence of depositors.

The measures implemented by the Argentine government in late 2001 and early 2002, in particular the restrictions imposed on depositors to withdraw money freely from banks and the pesification and restructuring of their deposits, resulted in losses for many depositors and undermined their confidence in the Argentine financial system.

Although liquidity levels are currently reasonable, no assurances can be given that these levels will not be reduced in the future due to adverse economic conditions that could negatively affect the Bank’s business.

If, in the future, depositor confidence further weakens and the deposit base contracts, such loss of confidence and contraction of deposits will have a substantial negative impact on the ability of financial institutions, including the Bank, to operate as financial intermediaries. If the Bank is not able to act as a financial intermediary and otherwise conduct its business as usual, the results of its operations could be adversely affected or limited, which in turn could affect our results of operations and financial condition.

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The growth and profitability of Argentina’s financial system partially depend on the development of medium and long-term funding sources.

Since most term deposits are short-term deposits with a maturity of less than three months, a substantial portion of the loans have very short maturity, and there is a small portion of medium- and/or long-term credit lines. The uncertainty about the ability to reduce inflation in the future has had, and may continue to have, a significant impact on both the supply of, and demand for, long-term loans as borrowers try to hedge against inflation risk by borrowing at fixed rates while lenders hedge against inflation risk by offering loans at floating rates.

If longer-term financial intermediation activity does not grow, the ability of financial institutions, including us, to generate profits will be negatively affected.

The asset quality of financial institutions, including ourselves, may deteriorate if the Argentine private sector continues to be affected by adverse macroecononic conditions in Argentina.

As a result of Argentina’s macroeconomic environment, the capacity of many Argentine private sector debtors to repay their loans has deteriorated significantly in 2018, 2019 and 2020 affecting the asset quality of financial institutions, including the Bank. According to data published by the INDEC, Argentina’s GDP increased by 10.4% in 2021 and 5.2% in 2022, mainly due to the recovery of the Argentine economy from the negative impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the Argentine economy, and decreased by 1.6% in 2023, primarily due to the drought which mainly affected the agricultural production in Argentina, which decreased 20.4% compared to 2022. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, the asset quality of Argentine financial institutions improved. However, the Argentine economy remains fragile and volatile, with inflation increasing from 94.8% in 2022 to 211.4% in 2023. As a result, in 2023 the financial system in Argentina recorded low credit demand with loans to GDP at a historical low rate of 6.7% which reflects a significantly low level of indebtedness of individuals and entities.

If customers are not able to repay their loans the quality of the Bank’s assets may deteriorate and loan loss provisions may increase, which could, in turn, adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Argentine financial institutions, including us, continue to have significant exposure to public sector debt, including securities issued by the Argentine Central Bank, and its repayment or refinancing capacity, which in periods of uncertainty may negatively affect their results of operations.

To some extent, the value of the assets held by Argentine financial institutions, as well as their income generation capacity, is dependent on the public sector’s creditworthiness, which is in turn dependent on the Argentine and the provincial government’s ability to promote sustainable long-term economic growth, generate tax revenues and control public spending.

Argentine financial institutions usually hold public sector debt issued by the national, provincial and municipal governments and securities – generally short term – issued by the Central Bank as part of their portfolios. As of December 31, 2023, the exposure of the financial institutions to the public sector represented 21.6% of total assets and their holdings of short-term securities issued by the Central Bank represented 27% of total assets, reflecting the investment of the excess cash liquidity derived from the increase in deposits and weak credit demand. As of December 31, 2023, our exposure to the public sector amounted to Ps.201.5 billion, representing 9.8% of our total assets as of that date and our exposure to short term securities issued by the Central Bank and repo transactions with the Central Bank amounted to Ps.831.8 billion or 40.3% of our total assets as of such date. As part of the new monetary policy of the newly elected government, the Central Bank has been inducing, through regulations, banks and mutual funds to convert their LELIQs into repos, stopped issuing new LELIQs and began to use only repos as a monetary policy instrument.

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In the past, the Argentine government extended the maturities of certain securities. By virtue of Executive Decrees No. 596/2019 and No. 609/2019, the maturity date of short-term public sector debt securities (“Letes,” “Lecaps,” “Lelink” and “Lecer”) was extended to February 2020. Afterwards, through Decree No. 346/2020, the Argentine government further extended the maturity date of certain “Letes” to December 31, 2020. In February 2020, through Joint Resolution 6/2020, certain “Lecaps” and “Letes” which had already been reprofiled pursuant to the aforementioned Executive Decrees No. 596/2019 and 609/2019 were subsequently exchanged for Peso-denominated treasury bills (“Lebads”) maturing in September 2020. In April 2020, the Argentine government issued the Decree No. 346/2020, by which the repayment of Argentine law-governed U.S. dollar-denominated notes was postponed to December 31, 2020, including the abovementioned “Letes.” On January 13, 2023, the Argentine Secretaries of Finance and Treasury issued the joint resolution 3/2023 pursuant to which a non-transferable national treasury bill denominated in U.S. dollars and maturing on January 16, 2033 was issued to the Central Bank for an amount of up to U.S.$7,132,655,012, in accordance with the terms and

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conditions set forth in such resolution. On February 17, 2023, the Argentine Secretaries of Finance and Treasury further issued the joint resolution 8/2023 pursuant to which the amount of the aforementioned non-transferable national treasury bill was increased up to U.S.$17,849,809. Through joint resolution 40/2023 of the Argentine Secretaries of Finance and Treasury, the amount of the aforementioned non-transferable national treasury bill was increased to U.S.$2,305.95 million. On March 9, 2023, the Argentine government completed an offer to exchange a part of its sovereign debt denominated in Pesos which amounted to Ps.4.34 billion and matured in March, April, May and June 2023. The exchange offer was accepted by 64% of the eligible bondholders and, as a result of the exchange, the maturities of the exchanged debt instruments were extended. The debt instruments which were issued as a result of the exchange have an average maturity of aproximately 18 months.

Decree 163/2023, which was approved on March 23, 2023, sets forth that bills denominated in U.S. dollar and issued under Decrees Nos. 622/2021, 576/2022 and 787/2022 will be exchanged on their maturity dates with new securities. The terms and conditions of these new securities will be determined by the Argentine Secretaries of Finance and Treasury. Additionally, Decree 164/2023 sets forth that the jurisdictions, entities and funds described therein, which are related to the Argentine public sector, must sell their holdings of securities issued by the Argentine government and denominated in U.S. dollars, or deliver such securities to the Argentine Treasury in exchange of other government securities.

Should the public sector fail to fulfill its commitments in due time and proper form, this could have an adverse effect on our business, financial situation and results of operations.

Increased competition and consolidation in the banking and financial industry could adversely affect our operations.

We expect competition in the banking and financial sector to continue to increase. Such increased competition in the banking and financial sector could reduce prices and margins and the volume of operations and our market share. Therefore, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

If financial intermediation activity volumes relative to GDP continues to decline, the capacity of financial institutions, including the Bank, our main subsidiary, to generate profits may be negatively affected.

As a result of the 1999-2002 financial crisis, as a result of which the Argentine economy fell 18.4%, the volume of financial intermediation activity dropped dramatically: private sector credit plummeted from 24% of GDP in December 2000 to 7.7% in June 2004 and total deposits as a percentage of GDP fell from 31% to 23.2% during the same period. The depth of that crisis and the effect it had on depositors’ confidence in the financial system created uncertainty regarding its ability to act as an intermediary between savings and credit. Although private credit relative to GDP grew after the 1999-2002 financial crisis, since 2018 credit contracted in real terms as a result of the negative economic growth and increasing inflation. Furthermore, the ratio of the total financial system’s private-sector deposits and loans to GDP remains low when compared to international levels and continues to be lower than the periods prior to the 1999-2002 crisis and also from prior years. As of December 31, 2023, the ratio of private-sector deposits and loans was 18.3% and 6.7% of GDP, respectively.

There is no assurance that financial intermediation activities will continue in a manner sufficient to reach the necessary volumes and businesses to provide financial institutions, including the Bank, with sufficient capacity to generate income, which may, in turn, impact our results of operations.

Enforcement of creditors’ rights in Argentina may be limited, costly and lengthy.

In the past, in order to protect debtors affected by the economic crisis in 2001 and 2002, the Argentine government adopted measures in the beginning of 2002 that suspended proceedings to enforce creditors’ rights upon debtor default, including mortgage foreclosures and bankruptcy petitions. More recently, the Argentine government took other temporary measures, such as the suspension of mortgage foreclosures during the COVID-19 pandemic, which limited the ability to enforce creditors’ rights.

Any such measures, and any other measures which may limit the ability of creditors, including us, to bring legal actions to recover unpaid loans or restricting creditors’ rights generally could have a material adverse effect on the financial system and on our business.

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The Consumer Protection Law and the Credit Card Law may limit some of the rights afforded to us and our subsidiaries.

The application of the Argentine Consumer Protection Law No. 24,240 (the “Consumer Protection Law”), which establishes a number of rules and principles for the protection of consumers, and the Law No. 25,065 (as amended by Law No. 26,010 and Law No. 26,361, the “Credit Card Law”), which sets forth several mandatory regulations designed to protect credit card holders, by administrative authorities and courts at the federal, provincial and municipal levels has increased. Moreover, administrative and judicial authorities have issued various rules and regulations aimed at strengthening consumer protection. In this context, the Central Bank issued regulations with respect to the protection of financial services customers, which grants broad protection to financial services customers, and limits fees and charges that financial institutions may validly collect from their clients. In addition, the Argentine Supreme Court created the Public Registry of Collective Proceedings to register collective proceedings (such as class actions) filed with national and federal courts. In the event that we or our subsidiaries are found liable for violations of any of the provisions of the Consumer Protection Law or the Credit Card Law, the potential penalties could limit some of our rights or our subsidiaries’ rights, for example, with respect to their ability to collect payments due from services and financing provided by the Bank or its subsidiaries, which could adversely affect our financial results of operations.

Furthermore, the rules that govern the credit card business provide for variable caps on the interest rates and fees that financial entities may charge to clients and merchants, and enable courts to decrease the interest rates and fees agreed upon by the parties if they are deemed excessively high. A change in the applicable law or court decisions lowering the cap on interest rates and fees would reduce the Bank’s revenues, which could negatively affect our consolidated results.

Class actions against financial institutions for an undetermined amount may adversely affect the profitability of the financial system and of some of our subsidiaries such as the Bank and InvertirOnline S.A.U.

Certain public and private organizations have initiated class actions against financial institutions in Argentina, including the Bank and InvertirOnline S.A.U. See “Item 8.A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information.” The Argentine national constitution and the Consumer Protection Law contain certain provisions regarding class actions, although their guidance with respect to procedural rules for class action cases is limited. Argentine courts have admitted class actions in various lawsuits against financial entities related to “collective interests” such as alleged overcharging on products, interest rates and advice in the sale of public securities. Some of these lawsuits have been settled by the parties out of court. These settlements have typically involved an undertaking by the financial institution to adjust the fees and charges. If class action plaintiffs were to prevail against financial institutions, their success could have an adverse effect on the financial industry and on our business.

In the future, court and administrative decisions may increase the degree of protection afforded to our debtors and other customers or be favorable to the claims brought by consumer groups or associations. This could affect the ability of financial institutions, including us, to freely determine charges, fees or expenses for their services and products, therefore affecting their business and results of operations.

Adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, such as actual events or concerns involving liquidity, defaults or non-performance by financial institutions or transactional counterparties, could adversely affect the Argentine Financial System.

Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty, or other relationships. The Argentine financial system has exposure to many different industries and counterparties, including to counterparties in the financial services industry, including commercial banks, brokers and dealers, investment banks, and other institutional clients, which exposes the Argentine financial system to credit risk in the event of a default by a counterparty or client.

The impact of recent developments in the global financial sector, including policy responses, represents a significant source of uncertainty for the economy, particularly for banking institutions and, more broadly, the financial markets. The Argentine financial system may be adversely impacted by such developments, including resulting from overall declines in confidence in the global banking system, in ways that we cannot predict at this time. Even without additional bank closures, uncertainty caused by recent bank failures – and general concern regarding the financial health and outlook for other financial institutions – could have an overall negative effect on the Argentine financial system and financial markets generally.

The recent developments may also have other implications for broader economic and monetary policy, including interest rate policy, and may impact the financial condition of banks and other financial institutions outside of the United States. As a consequence of the instability in the banking system that began in the United States on March 15, 2023, the shares of the Swiss bank Credit Suisse

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plummeted up to 30%, and the sales continued even after the first attempt by the Swiss National Bank to stop the fall of Credit Suisse, when an injection of liquidity was made to face the withdrawal of customer deposits. On March 19, 2023, UBS Group AG announced that it had agreed to acquire Credit Suisse Group AG, with support from the government of Switzerland, following deterioration of the financial condition of Credit Suisse. There is no guarantee that the U.S. or other international governmental authorities will provide access to uninsured funds or other governmental support in the future in the event of the failure or financial distress of other banks or financial institutions, or that they would do so in a timely fashion.

We are exposed to compliance risks.

Due to the nature of our activities, we are exposed to certain compliance risks. We must comply with regulations regarding customer conduct, market conduct, the prevention of money laundering and the financing of terrorist activities, the protection of personal data, the restrictions established by national or international sanctions programs and anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the violations of which could lead to very significant penalties. As part of our business, we directly or indirectly, through third parties deal with entities whose employees are considered to be government officials. Our activities are also subject to complex customer protection and market integrity regulations.

Although we have adopted multiple policies, procedures, internal control systems and other measures to manage compliance risk, it is dependent on its employees and external suppliers for the implementation of these policies, procedures, systems and other measures, and it cannot guarantee that these are sufficient or that our employees or other persons related to us or our business partners, agents and/or other third parties with a business or professional relationship do not circumvent or violate current regulations or our ethics and compliance regulations, acts for which such persons could be held ultimately responsible and/or that could damage our reputation. In particular, acts of misconduct by any employee, and particularly by senior management, could erode trust and confidence and damage our reputation among existing and potential clients and other stakeholders. Actual or alleged misconduct by the us in any number of activities or circumstances, including operations, employment-related offenses such as sexual harassment and discrimination, regulatory compliance, the use and protection of data and systems, and the satisfaction of client expectations, and actions taken by regulators or others in response to such misconduct, could lead to, among other things, sanctions, fines and reputational damage, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to prevent third parties from using the banking network in order to launder money or carry out illegal or inappropriate activities. Moreover, financial crimes continually evolve and emerging technologies, such as cryptocurrencies and blockchain, could limit our ability to track the movement of funds. Additionally, in adverse economic conditions, it is possible that financial crime attempts will increase significantly.

If there is a breach of the applicable regulations or Grupo Supervielle’s ethics and compliance regulations or if the competent authorities consider that the Bank or one of our subsidiaries do not perform the necessary due diligence inherent to their activities, such authorities could impose limitations on our activities, the revocation of our authorizations and licenses, and economic penalties, in addition to having significant consequences for our reputation, which could have a significant adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, we may conduct investigations related to violations of ethics and compliance regulations, and any such investigation or any related procedure could be time consuming and costly, and its results difficult to predict.

Exposure to multiple federal, provincial and/or municipal legislation and regulations could adversely affect our business or results of operations.

The Argentine government has historically exercised significant influence over the economy and financial institutions. In the past, several different bills to amend the Argentine Financial Institutions Law No. 21,526 (the “FIL”) have been put forth for review by the Argentine Congress, seeking to amend different aspects of the FIL, including the qualification of financial services as a public service, an increase in governmental regulations affecting the activities of financial entities and initiatives to make financial services more widely available.

Laws and regulations currently governing the economy and the banking sector may continue to change in the future, and any changes may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, a thorough amendment of the FIL would have a substantial effect on the banking system as a whole. If such a bill were passed, or any other amendment to the FIL be made, the subsequent changes in banking regulations may have adverse effects on financial institutions in general, and on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

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In addition, Argentina has a federal system of government with 23 provinces and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, each of which, under the Argentine national constitution, has full power to enact legislation concerning taxes and other matters. Likewise, within each province, municipal governments have broad powers to regulate such matters. Due to the fact that our branches are located in multiple provinces, we are also subject to multiple provincial and municipal legislation and regulations. Future developments in provincial and municipal legislation concerning taxes, provincial regulations or other matters may adversely affect our business or results of operations.

As an example of the aforementioned, in the second half of 2020 and after the suspension of the 2017 fiscal consensus in late 2019, certain Argentine provinces (Córdoba, San Luis, Buenos Aires and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires) raised the tax rate on gross income tax for banks. Additionally, in October 2020, the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires also eliminated a tax exemption on interest income received from instruments issued by the Central Bank as part of its monetary policy.

In January 2021, a legal action was filed against the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires in order to declare Laws No. 6,382 and No. 6,383 unconstitutional, which seek to burden the returns derived from securities, bonds, bills, certificates of participation (equity) and other instruments issued or to be issued in the future by the Argentine Central Bank with turnover tax. Such legal action was filed under File No. CAF 18156/2020 (“ADEBA Asociación Civil de Bancos Argentinos y otros c/GCBA y otro s/Proceso de Conocimiento”) by the Association of Banks and most of its members. The Argentine Central Bank has filed a legal action for the same purpose.

On December 21, 2022, the Argentine Supreme Court partially granted the precautionary measure filed by the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and ordered the Argentine government to deliver 2.95% of the funds referred to in Article 2 of Law 23,548 to the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. In addition, the Argentine Supreme Court ordered the Argentine government to refrain from applying Law 27,606, which sets the right of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires to participate in the collection of taxes administered by the Argentine government until the resolution of these legal proceedings. In July 2023, the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires claimed that the Argentine government owed payment of approximately Ps.148,000 million as a result of this matter. As a result, the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires filed a new motion against the Argentine government requesting to seize the funds due by the Argentine government and that the Argentine courts adopt pecuniary sanctions against certain government officials.

We are exposed to risks in connection with climate change.

We are exposed to risks in connection with climate change as a result of our financial activities. These risks may be classified into two types of risks:

(i)physical risks, which arise from climate changes that impact the economy such as flooding, wildfires, earthquakes and extreme weather impacts, including extreme heat and sea level rise. These events could have a negative impact on our operations or those of our customers or third parties on which we rely and do business with.; and
(ii)transition risks, which arise from the transition to a low-carbon economy through changes in regulations, policies, technologies and consumer preferences, among others, which could negatively impact our expenses, investments and business strategies.

These categories of risks could materialize, among others, in the following risks:

●Legal and regulatory risks. Banking regulators, such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the Argentine Central Bank, supervisory authorities, investors and other stakeholders have increasingly showed interest in the role of financial institutions as key actors to address the risks related to climate change. Regulatory changes regarding how banks manage climate risk may result in higher compliance, operational and credit risks and costs.
●Technological risks. Certain of our counterparties, customers or related parties may be adversely affected by the progressive transition to a low-carbon economy and/or risks associated with new low-carbon technologies. If our customers and counterparties fail to adapt to the transition to a low-carbon economy, or if the costs of doing so adversely affect their creditworthiness, this could adversely affect our loan portfolio.
●Market and liquidity risks. The funding costs of businesses that are perceived to be more exposed to climate and environmental risks could increase, which may result in the deterioration of their creditworthiness and credit ratings, adversely affecting

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our loan portfolio. The Group could also be adversely affected by changes in demand brought by climate change, as well as changes in energy and commodity prices, corporate bonds, equities and certain derivatives contracts.
●Reputational risks. The perception of our customers or the communities in which we operate on our practices related to climate change and the transition to a lower-carbon economy may damage our reputation. In addition, increased scrutiny of climate change-related policies and disclosure may result in litigation and regulatory investigations and/or actions.

We are also exposed to potential long-term risks arising from climate change and environmental damage, such as a deterioration of credit assets due to the impairment of macroeconomic conditions as a result of climate-related risks.

We take climate change into consideration within our social economic and environmental risk policies and we are committed to enhance processes to embed climate risk considerations into our core processes and risk management cycle. However, the nature of the risk drivers related to climate change may not be predictable and is rapidly evolving. Therefore, our risk management strategies may not be effective in mitigating climate risk exposure. As the risks, perspective and focus of regulators, shareholders, customers, employees, and other stakeholders regarding climate change are evolving rapidly, it can be challenging to evaluate the real impact of climate change-related risks, compliance risks, and uncertainties on our activity. Any of these factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Relating to Our Business

Changes in market conditions and any associated risks, including interest rate and currency exchange volatility, could materially and adversely affect our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

We are directly and indirectly affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk, or the risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues will be adversely affected by variations in market conditions, including interest rate and currency exchange volatility, is inherent in the products and instruments associated with our operations, including loans, deposits, long-term debt and short-term borrowings.

In particular, our results of operations depend to a great extent on our net financial income. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, net financial income represented 89.8%, 94.5% and 97.5%, respectively, of our net operating revenue. Changes in market interest rates could affect the interest rates earned on our interest-earning assets differently from the interest rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, leading to a reduction in our net financial income or a decrease in customer demand for our loan or deposit products. In addition, increases in interest rates could result in higher debt service obligations for our customers, which could, in turn, result in higher levels of delinquent loans or discourage customers from borrowing. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors beyond our control, including the minimum reserve policies of the Central Bank, regulation of the financial sector in Argentina, domestic and international economic and political conditions and other factors.

Any changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates could adversely affect our business, our future financial performance and the price of our securities.

Reduced spreads between interest rates on loans and those on deposits could adversely affect the Bank’s profitability.

Historically, the Argentine financial system witnessed a decrease in spreads between the interest rates on loans and deposits as a result of increased competition in the banking sector and the Argentine government’s tightening of monetary policy in response to inflation concerns. Frequent regulatory changes, high inflation and frequent currency devaluations have also led to fluctuations in interest rates which could also impact spreads. Moreover, since 2020, the Central Bank has imposed minimum interest rates paid on time deposits and maximum interest rates on credit cards financing, and established some credit lines to be granted to SMEs at preferential interest rates, pressuring margins downwards.

In addition, a change in the composition of the source of funding, which includes a relevant portion of non-interest-bearing deposits, could also put downward pressure on margins. A change in the composition of the source of funding could result from lower interest rates, higher demand of credit and therefore a need to increase the amount of time deposits or other types of bearing interest liabilities. Further reduction in spreads could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation and financial condition. We cannot guarantee that interest rate spreads will remain attractive.

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Due to our exposure to middle and lower-middle-income individuals and SMEs, the quality of our consolidated loan portfolio is more susceptible to economic downturns and recessions.

Our consolidated loan portfolio is exposed to the segments of SMEs and middle and lower-middle-income individuals, which are more vulnerable to economic recessions than large corporations and higher income individuals. The quality of our portfolio of loans to SMEs and to individuals is therefore dependent to a large extent on domestic and international economic conditions. Consequently, we may experience higher levels of past due amounts, which could result in higher provisions for loan losses.

The loan portfolio of the Personal & Business Banking segment, includes individuals and small business with annual sales of up to Ps.500 million and SMEs with annual sales over Ps.500 million and below Ps.5.0 billion. As of December 31, 2023, the Personal & Business Banking segment included the loan portfolio transferred from IUDÚ (the former “consumer customer portfolio”). As of the same date, the Personal & Business Banking segment represented approximately 56% of the consolidated loan portfolio (net of provisions). Within the 56% share of the Personal & Business Banking Segment, 47% corresponds to individuals, while 9% corresponds to Small Businesses & SMEs. Morover, loans to lower-risk payroll and pension clients accounted for 53% of our total loans to individuals. If the economy in Argentina experiences a significant downturn, this could materially and adversely affect the liquidity, businesses and financial condition of our customers, which may in turn cause us to experience higher levels of past due loans, thereby resulting in higher provisions for loan losses and subsequent write-offs. This may materially and adversely affect the credit quality of our loan portfolio, our asset quality, our results of operations and our financial condition.

Our estimates and established reserves for credit risk and potential credit losses may prove to be insufficient, which may materially and adversely affect our asset quality and our financial condition and results of operations.

Pursuant to IFRS 9, the Bank, establish reserves for potential credit risk and losses related to changes in the levels of income of debtors/borrowers, increased rates of inflation, increased levels of non-performing loans or an increase in interest rates. In this process, our subsidiaries rely on several models that estimate the distribution of possible losses arising out of the loan portfolio to calculate expected losses. The Bank’s models estimate distribution of possible loan portfolio losses, which depend on counterparties’ probability of default (“PD”), as well as the exposure at the time of default (“EAD”) and the proportion of each unfulfilled loan that the entity is able to recover (i.e., loss given default or “LGD”). Based on these parameters, we estimate our expected loss (“PE”) and economic capital. At the same time, we assess expected credit losses on a forward-looking basis, incorporating the impact of updated macroeconomic scenarios in the variables which we consider affect credit risk.

If we are unable to effectively control the level of non-performing or poor credit quality loans in the future, or if our loan loss reserves are insufficient to cover future loan losses, our asset quality and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We are a holding company and, as a result, we depend on our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends to us.

As a holding company, we conduct our operations through our subsidiaries, the largest of which is the Bank. Consequently, we do not operate or hold substantial assets, except for equity investments in our subsidiaries and temporary liquidity. Except for such assets, our ability to invest in our business developments and to repay obligations is subject to the funds generated by our subsidiaries and their ability to pay cash dividends. In the absence of such funds, we may have to resort to financing options at unappealing prices, rates and conditions. Additionally, such financing could be unavailable when we may need it.

Each of our subsidiaries is a separate legal entity and due to legal or contractual restrictions, as well as to their financial condition and operating requirements, they may not be able to distribute dividends to us. Our ability to develop our business, meet our payment obligations and pay dividends to our shareholders could be limited by restrictions preventing our subsidiaries from paying us dividends. Investors should take such restrictions into account when analyzing our investment developments and our ability to cancel our obligations.

We may continue to seek potential acquisitions or expand our business, but we may not be able to complete such acquisitions or expansion, or successfully integrate businesses that we acquire.

In the past, in addition to organic growth, we havesignificantly expanded our business through acquisitions. We expect to continue considering acquisition opportunities that we believe may add value and are compatible with our business strategy. In addition, we may continue to implement business strategies in order to expand our business.

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In this respect, we may not be able to continue to identify opportunities or consummate acquisitions, or implement business strategies, leading to economically favorable results. We cannot assure you that any future acquisition or other actions taken to expand our business will, if required, be authorized by the Central Bank, which would limit our ability to implement our growth strategy. In addition, in the event that an acquisition opportunity or business strategy is identified and authorized, successful integration of the acquired business or strategy entails significant risks, including compatibility of operations and systems, unexpected contingencies, employee retention, compliance, customer retention, and delays in the integration process.

The Bank’s revenues from its business with senior citizens could decrease or cease to grow if the agreement with ANSES is terminated or not renewed.

Since 1996, the Bank has acted as one of the paying agents of social security payments to senior citizens on behalf of the government pursuant to an agreement with ANSES that must be signed by any bank that intends to pay pensions or benefits on behalf of ANSES. The agreement with ANSES expired on June 30, 2023. On July 25, 2023, ANSES issued Resolution No. 151/2023 which sets forth the new procedure of, and establishes new requirements for, the payment of social benefits, and the obligation of the banks that pay pensions or benefits on behalf of ANSES to sign new agreements with ANSES. The banks (including Banco Supervielle) are in the process of negotiating a new agreement with ANSES. In December 2023, the Bank made payments on behalf of ANSES to approximately 605,000 senior citizens and beneficiaries. Offering this service to senior citizens allows the Bank ready access to a pool of potential consumers of financial services. The Bank derives an important part of its revenues (12% as of December 31, 2023) from the sale of financial services to senior citizens. The Bank has invested in cutting-edge service models and products that facilitate its senior citizen customers to make transactions. The Bank is prepared to continue to offer its services within the framework of the new agreement to be entered into with ANSES and to continue to be a leading bank in providing pension service payments.

The termination of the agreement with ANSES or ANSES’s failure to add new senior citizens to the payment service could have a negative effect on our business and results of operations.

Our controlling shareholder has the ability to direct our business, and potential conflicts of interest could arise.

Our controlling shareholder, Julio Patricio Supervielle, directly or beneficially owned as of April 25, 2024, 61,738,188 Class A shares with 5 votes per share and 74,621,278 Class B shares with one vote per share. Virtually all decisions made by shareholders will continue to be directed by our controlling shareholder. He may, without the concurrence of the remaining shareholders, elect a majority of our directors, effect or prevent a merger, sale of assets or other business acquisition or disposition, cause us to issue additional equity securities, effect a redemption of shares, effect a related party transaction and determine the timing and amounts of dividends, if any. According to our bylaws, a two-thirds vote by our Class A shares is required, regardless of the percentage of our total capital they represent, in order for us to duly resolve a merger with another company, a voluntary dissolution, our relocation abroad, and the fundamental change in our corporate purpose. As of the date of this report, Mr. Supervielle owns 100% of Class A shares. Mr. Supervielle’s interests may conflict with your interests as a holder of Class B shares or ADSs, and he may take actions that might be desirable to him but not to other shareholders.

Cybersecurity events could negatively affect our reputation, our financial condition and our results of operations.

We rely on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our platforms, data processing networks, communication, and internet-based information exchange, including systems related to the operation of our online platforms and ATM network. We have access to large amounts of confidential financial information and control substantial financial assets belonging to our customers and each of our companies. Additionally, we provide our customers with continuous remote access to their accounts and the ability to securely transfer substantial financial assets through electronic means. Therefore, a cybersecurity breach represents a significant risk for us.

Cybersecurity incidents, such as computer intrusions, viruses, ransomware, denial-of-service attacks, phishing, identity theft, and other disruptions, could adversely affect the security of the information stored and transmitted through our computer systems and network infrastructure, potentially causing existing and potential customers to refrain from doing business with us. The global context and the adoption of hybrid work methodologies (in-person/home-office) mean that a significant portion of our workforce works remotely, as well as the adoption of digital channels, which could exacerbate certain risks for our business, including increased reliance on information technology (“IT”) resources, higher phishing risk, and other cybersecurity attacks. Additionally, there is a higher risk of unauthorized dissemination of sensitive personal information.

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It is also widely known that there has been an exponential increase in the number of cybersecurity attacks conducted via email, instant messaging systems, and other social networks. As cyberattacks evolve and become more sophisticated, companies strengthen their prevention and monitoring mechanisms and adopt new measures to mitigate cybersecurity risks, including those related to remote work security. Although we have insurance policies that protect us against cyber incidents, our monitoring capabilities have been reinforced, paying special attention to critical assets supporting business processes to prevent the materialization of threats, and, when necessary, to identify and respond immediately to any security incident that may occur. Additionally, monitoring the Clear, Deep, and Dark web to protect our customers by identifying and acting preventively against possible phishing, smishing, and brand abuse attacks. Our operating systems and networks have been, and will continue to be, subject to cybersecurity threats that are constantly evolving, and in the same way, our security technology platforms and operational procedures evolve to prevent damage.

Although we intend to continue implementing and updating our security technology devices and operational procedures to prevent cybersecurity damages, our systems may not be free from vulnerability and these security countermeasures may be defeated. If any of these events occur, our reputation could be damaged, entailing serious costs and affecting our business, as well as our results of operations and financial condition.

Our business is highly dependent on properly functioning IT systems and improvements to such systems.

Our business is highly dependent on the ability of our teams to develop solutions according to what our customers need, having technology systems that allow an effective management and enable processing a large number of transactions across numerous and diverse markets, products and regulations in a timely manner. In addition, our customers have the possibility to access to their finances remotely, whenever they want or wherever they are, and to transfer substantial financial assets by electronic means. The proper functioning of our financial control, risk and fraud management, accounting, cybersecurity, customer service and other data processing systems is critical to our business and to our ability to compete effectively, as we are a customer centric company. Also, as our business activities may be materially disrupted if there were a partial or complete failure of any of our IT systems or our communication networks, we have implemented a business continuity program and an IT risk program, and we created a Cybersecurity Center of Excellence within our operating model. Although from time to time we may face events that might be caused by, among other things, software bugs, computer virus attacks or intrusions, phishing, identity theft or conversion errors due to system upgrading, we have implemented remediate plans to reduce their frequency. In addition, any security breach caused by unauthorized access to information or systems, or intentional malfunctions or loss or corruption of data, software, hardware or other computer equipment, could have a material adverse effect on our customers experience, as well as on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to remain competitive and achieve further growth will depend on the loyalty of our customers and on our ability to keep our IT systems upgraded with all the features that our customers need. In addition, our IT systems must be available without interruptions in order to increase our capacity on a timely and cost-effective basis. Any disruption or substantial failure to improve or upgrade IT systems effectively or on a timely basis could materially affect us.

We are susceptible to fraud, unauthorized transactions and operational errors.

As with other financial institutions, we are susceptible to, among other things, fraud by employees or outsiders, unauthorized transactions by employees and other operational errors (including clerical or record keeping errors and errors resulting from faulty computer or telecommunications systems). Given the high volume of transactions that may occur at a financial institution, errors could be repeated or compounded before they are discovered and remedied. In addition, some of our transactions are not fully automated, which may further increase the risk that human error or employee tampering will result in losses that may be difficult to detect quickly or at all. Losses from fraud by employees or outsiders, unauthorized transactions by employees and other operational errors could have a material adverse effect on us.

Our policies and procedures may not be able to detect money laundering and other illegal or improper activities fully or on a timely basis, which could expose us to fines and other liabilities.

We are required to comply with applicable anti-money laundering laws, anti-terrorism financing laws and other regulations. These laws and regulations require us, among other things, to adopt and enforce “know your customer” policies and procedures and to report suspicious or large transactions to the applicable regulatory authorities. While we have adopted policies and procedures aimed at detecting and preventing the use of banking networks for money laundering activities and by terrorists and terrorist-related organizations and individuals generally, such policies and procedures may not completely eliminate instances where they may be used by other parties to engage in money laundering and other illegal or improper activities. If we fail to fully comply with applicable laws and regulations, the relevant government authorities to which they report have the power and authority to impose fines and other penalties. In addition,

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our businesses and reputation could suffer if customers use our financial institutions for money laundering or illegal or improper purposes. As of the date of this annual report, we have not been subject to material fines or other penalties, and we have not suffered business or reputational harm, as a result of any money laundering activities in the past.

Risks Relating to Our Class B Shares and the ADSs

Holders of our Class B shares and the ADSs may not receive any dividends.

We are a holding company and our ability to pay dividends depends on the cash flow and distributable income of our operating subsidiaries. We and our subsidiaries are subject to contractual, legal and regulatory requirements affecting our ability to pay dividends. In particular, dividend distribution by the Bank are subject to the requirements established by the rules of the Central Bank, as amended from time to time. Pursuant to such regulations, dividend distributions shall be admitted as long as none of the following circumstances apply: (i) the financial institution is subject to a liquidation procedure or the mandatory transfer of assets ordered by the Central Bank in accordance with section 34 or 35 bis of the FIL; (ii) the financial institution is receiving financial assistance from the Central Bank; (iii) the financial institution is not in compliance with its reporting obligations to the Central Bank; (iv) the financial institution is not in compliance with minimum capital requirements (both on an individual and consolidated basis and excluding any individual franchise granted by the Superintendency) (Superintendencia de Entidades Financieras y Cambiarias, or “Superintendency”) and with minimum cash reserves (on average), whether in Pesos, foreign currency or securities issued by the public sector; (v) if the average minimum cash reserve is lower than the amount of cash required by the latest reported position or the pro forma position after making the dividend payment; and/or (vi) if the financial institution did not comply with the applicable Additional Capital Margins (as defined below). Financial institutions that comply with all of the above mentioned conditions may distribute dividends up to an amount equal to: (i) the positive balance of the account “unappropriated earnings” (resultados no asignados) at the end of the fiscal year, plus (ii) voluntary reserves for future payments of dividends, minus (iii) voluntary reserves and mandatory statutory reserves registered as of that date and other items, such as (a) 100% of the debit balance of each of the items recorded under “Other accumulated comprehensive income,” (b) the result from the revaluation of property, plant, equipment and intangible assets and investment properties, (c) the net positive balance of the book-value and the market-value of certain public debt securities and Central Bank notes that the financial institution owns that are not marked to market, (d) unrecorded adjustments of asset value informed by the Superintendency or mentioned by external auditors on their report, and (e) individual exemptions for asset valuation granted by the Superintendency.

Although distribution of dividends to us by the Bank has been authorized by the Central Bank in the past, it is possible that in the future the Central Bank may limit the Bank’s ability to distribute dividends approved by its shareholders at the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting without its prior consent, or such authorization may not be for the full amount of distributable dividends.

Restrictions on transfers of foreign exchange and the repatriation of capital from Argentina may impair your ability to receive dividends and distributions on, and the proceeds for any sale of, the Class B shares underlying the ADSs.

Exchange controls currently in place could impair or prevent the conversion of anticipated dividends, distributions, or the proceeds from any sale of Class B shares, as the case may be, from Pesos into U.S. dollars and the remittance of the U.S. dollars abroad. In particular, with respect to the dividends and distributions on any sale of Class B shares underlying the ADSs, as of the date of this annual report, the conversion from Pesos into U.S. dollars and the remittance of such U.S. dollars abroad is subject to prior Central Bank approval, which may not be granted. Access to the free foreign exchange market (“MLC,” as per its Spanish acronym) to pay dividends to non-resident shareholders is granted subject to the following conditions:

| o | Maximum amounts: the total amount of transfers made through the MLC for payment of dividends to non-resident shareholders may not exceed the 30% of the total value of the capital contributions made in the relevant local company that entered and settled through the MLC as of January 17, 2020. The total amount paid to non-resident shareholders shall not exceed the corresponding amount denominated in Pesos determined by the shareholders’ meeting to be distributed as dividends.

| o | Minimum Period: access to the MLC will only be granted after a period of not less than thirty (30) calendar days has elapsed as from the date of the settlement of the last capital contribution that is taken into account for determining the aforementioned 30% cap.

| o | Documentation requirements: dividends must be the result of closed and audited balance sheets. When requesting access to the MLC for this purpose, evidence of the definitive capitalization of capital contributions must be provided or, in lack

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|  | thereof, evidence of filing of the process of registration of the capital contribution before the Public Registry shall be provided. In this case, evidence of the definitive capitalization shall be provided within 365 calendar days from the date of the initial filing with the Public Registry. If applicable, the external assets and liabilities reporting regime set forth by Communication “A” 6401 of the Central Bank (the “External Assets and Liabilities Reporting Regime”) shall have been complied with.

If the exchange rate fluctuates significantly during a time when the Depositary (as defined in “Item 12.D. American Depositary Shares”) cannot convert or reinvest the foreign currency, you may lose some or all of the value of the dividend distribution. Also, if payments cannot be made in U.S. dollars abroad, the repatriation of any funds collected by foreign investors in Pesos in Argentina may also be subject to restriction. Moreover, available mechanisms to receive dividends in U.S. dollars may involve a significantly higher implicit exchange rate. See “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls.”

We are traded on more than one market and this may result in price variations; in addition, investors may not be able to easily move shares for trading between such markets.

In addition to the trading of our ADSs in the United States and countries other than Argentina, our Class B shares are traded in Argentina. Trading in the ADSs or our Class B shares on these markets will take place in different currencies (U.S. dollars on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and Pesos on ByMA), and at different times (resulting from different time zones, different trading days and different public holidays in the United States and Argentina). The trading prices of these securities on these two markets may differ due to these and other factors. Any decrease in the price of our Class B shares on the ByMA could cause a decrease in the trading price of the ADSs on the NYSE. Investors could seek to sell or buy our shares to take advantage of any price differences between the markets through a practice referred to as arbitrage. Any arbitrage activity could create unexpected volatility in both our share prices on one exchange, and the ADSs available for trading on the other exchange. In addition, holders of ADSs will not be immediately able to surrender their ADSs and withdraw the underlying Class B shares for trading on the other market without effecting necessary procedures with the Depositary. This could result in time delays and additional cost for holders of ADSs.

Under Argentine Corporate Law, shareholder rights may be fewer or less well defined than in other jurisdictions.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our bylaws and by the Argentine General Corporations Law, which differ from the legal principles that would apply if we were incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States (such as Delaware or New York), or in other jurisdictions outside Argentina. Thus, your rights or the rights of holders of our Class B shares under the Argentine General Corporations Lawto protect your or their interests relative to actions by our Board of Directors may be fewer and less well defined than under the laws of those other jurisdictions. Although insider trading and price manipulation are illegal under Argentine law, the Argentine securities markets may not be as highly regulated or supervised as the U.S. securities markets or markets in some of the other jurisdictions. In addition, rules and policies against self-dealing and regarding the preservation of shareholder interests may be less well defined and enforced in Argentina than in the United States, or other jurisdictions outside Argentina, putting holders of our Class B shares and the ADSs at a potential disadvantage.

Holders of our Class B shares and the ADSs located in the United States may not be able to exercise preemptive rights.

Under the Argentine General Corporations Law, if we issue new shares as part of a capital increase, our shareholders may have the right to subscribe to a proportional number of shares to maintain their existing ownership percentage. Rights to subscribe for shares in these circumstances are known as preemptive rights, pursuant to the Argentine General Corporations Law. In addition, shareholders are entitled to the right to subscribe for the unsubscribed shares remaining at the end of a preemptive rights offering on a pro rata basis, which are known as accretion rights. Upon the occurrence of any future increase in our capital stock, United States holders of Class B shares or ADSs will not be able to exercise the preemptive and related accretion rights for such Class B shares or ADSs unless a registration statement under the Securities Act is effective with respect to such Class B shares or ADSs or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is available. We are not obligated to file a registration statement with respect to those Class B shares or ADSs. We may not file such a registration statement, or an exemption from registration may not be available. Unless those Class B shares or ADSs are registered or an exemption from registration applies, a U.S. holder of our Class B shares or ADSs may receive only the net proceeds from those preemptive rights and accretion rights if those rights can be sold by the Depositary; if they cannot be sold, they will be allowed to lapse. Furthermore, the equity interest of holders of Class B shares or ADSs located in the United States may be diluted proportionately upon future capital increases.

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Your voting rights with respect to the ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement.

Holders may exercise voting rights with respect to the Class B shares underlying ADSs only in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. There are no provisions under Argentine law or under our bylaws that limit ADS holders’ ability to exercise their voting rights through the depositary with respect to the underlying Class B shares, except if the depositary is a foreign entity and it is not registered with the Inspección General de Justicia (“IGJ”), and in this case, the depositary is registered with the IGJ. However, there are practical limitations upon the ability of ADS holders to exercise their voting rights due to the additional procedural steps involved in communicating with such holders. For example, Argentine Capital Markets Law requires us to notify our shareholders by publications in certain official and private newspapers of at least 20 and no more than 45 days in advance of any shareholders’ meeting. ADS holders will not receive any notice of a shareholders’ meeting directly from us. In accordance with the deposit agreement, we will provide the notice to the Depositary, which will in turn, if we so request, as soon as practicable thereafter provide to each ADS holder:

| o | the notice of such meeting;

| o | voting instruction forms; and

| o | a statement as to the manner in which instructions may be given by holders.

To exercise their voting rights, ADS holders must then provide instructions to the Depositary on how to vote the shares underlying ADSs. Because of the additional procedural step involves the Depositary, the process for exercising voting rights will take longer for ADS holders than for holders of Class B shares.

Except as described in this annual report, holders will not be able to exercise voting rights attaching to the ADSs.

The relative volatility and illiquidity of the Argentine securities markets may substantially limit your ability to sell Class B shares underlying the ADSs at the price and time you desire.

Investing in securities that trade in emerging countries, such as Argentina, often involves greater risk than investing in securities of issuers in the United States. The Argentine securities market is substantially smaller, less liquid, more concentrated and can be more volatile than major securities markets in the United States, and is not as highly regulated or supervised as some of these other markets. There is also significantly greater concentration in the Argentine securities market than in major securities markets in the United States. As of December 31, 2023, the ten largest companies in terms of market capitalization represented approximately 82% of the aggregate market capitalization of the S&P Merval index. Accordingly, although you are entitled to withdraw the Class B shares underlying the ADSs from the Depositary at any time, your ability to sell such shares at a price and time at which you wish to do so may be substantially limited. Furthermore, exchange controls imposed by the Central Bank could have the effect of further impairing the liquidity of the ByMA by making it unattractive for non-Argentines to buy shares in the secondary market in Argentina. See “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls.”

Substantial sales of our Class B shares or the ADSs could cause the price of the Class B shares or of the ADSs to decrease.

We may have shareholders that own a substantial amount of our Class B shares or ADSs. If such shareholders decide to sell a substantial amount of our Class B shares or the ADSs, or if the market perceives they intend to sell a substantial amount of our Class B shares or the ADSs, the market price of our Class B shares or the ADSs could drop significantly.

Our shareholders may be subject to liability for certain votes of their securities.

Our shareholders are not liable for our obligations. Instead, shareholders are generally liable only for the payment of the shares they subscribe. However, shareholders who have a conflict of interest with us and who do not abstain from voting may be held liable for damages to us, but only if the transaction would not have been approved without such shareholders’ votes. Furthermore, shareholders who willfully or negligently vote in favor of a resolution that is subsequently declared void by a court as contrary to the Argentine General Corporations Lawor our bylaws may be held jointly and severally liable for damages to us or to other third parties, including other shareholders.

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If we are a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, U.S. holders of our Class B shares or ADSs could be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.

Based on the composition of our income and assets and the valuation of our assets, we do not believe we were a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”) for 2023, although there can be no assurance in this regard. In general, we will be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year in which (i) at least 75% of our gross income is passive income or (ii) at least 50% of the value (generally determined based on a quarterly average) of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. Certain proposed U.S. Treasury regulations and other administrative pronouncements from the Internal Revenue Service provide special rules for determining the character of income derived in the active conduct of a banking business for purposes of the PFIC rules. Specifically, these rules treat certain income earned by a non-U.S. corporation engaged in the active conduct of a banking business as non-passive income. Although we believe we are engaged in the active conduct of a banking business, the application of these special rules to our activities, and, thus, the characterization of some of our income and assets for purposes of the PFIC rules, is not entirely clear. Thus, there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with our determination with respect to our PFIC status. In addition, these special rules are subject to change in the future.

The determination of whether we are a PFIC is made annually. Accordingly, it is possible that we may become a PFIC in the current or any future taxable year due to changes in our asset or income composition. If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. holder (as defined in “Item 10.E. Taxation—United States Federal Income Tax Considerations”) holds our Class B shares or ADSs, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to such U.S. holder. For example, if we are a PFIC, U.S. holders may become subject to increased tax liabilities under U.S. federal income tax laws and regulations and will become subject to burdensome reporting requirements. See “Item 10.E. Taxation—United States Federal Income Tax Considerations—Passive Foreign Investment Company.” The determination of our PFIC status cannot be completed until the close of a taxable year, and there can be no assurance we will not be a PFIC for any taxable year.

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Item 4.Information of the Company

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Item 4.AHistory and development of the Company

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We are a financial group with a long-standing presence in the Argentine financial system and a leading competitive position in certain attractive market segments. We are controlled by Julio Patricio Supervielle. We trace our history back more than 130 years, when the Supervielle family, predecessors of our controlling shareholder, first entered the Argentine financial services industry in 1887. Below is a brief history of our company, including the participation of the Supervielle family.

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Supervielle y Cía. Banqueros

The predecessors of our controlling shareholder emigrated from France in the second half of the 19th century and established L.B. Supervielle y Cía. Banque Francaise (later Banco de Montevideo S.A.) in Montevideo, Uruguay. In 1887, they established Supervielle y Cía. Banqueros (a subsidiary of L.B. Supervielle y Cía. Banque Francaise) in Buenos Aires. Supervielle y Cía. Banqueros offered demand deposits, time deposits, savings accounts, securities trading orders, purchases and sales of foreign currency and drafts and letters of credit payable in European financial centers. Luis Bernardo Supervielle managed the bank until his death in 1901, whereupon the bank’s management transferred to his son, Luis Supervielle, and subsequently to Esteban Barón, son-in-law of Luis Bernardo Supervielle, who in 1905 became president of Supervielle y Cía. Banqueros. Mr. Barón managed the bank from 1905 until 1930, and subsequently served on the board of the bank as an honorary president until 1964. Mr. Barón’s son, Andrés Barón, joined the bank in 1925 and took over its general management in 1930, also becoming chairman of the board of the bank in 1940. He carried out these functions until 1964, and then served on the board of the bank as an honorary president.

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On December 30, 1940, Banco Supervielle de Buenos Aires S.A., a bank controlled by the Barón and Supervielle families, acquired the assets and liabilities of Supervielle y Cía. Banqueros and listed its shares on the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange. Esteban Barón and his son, Andrés Barón Supervielle, continued to manage the operations of this bank until 1964.

In 1964, Société Générale (Paris) acquired a majority of the capital stock of Banco Supervielle de Buenos Aires S.A. from the Barón and Supervielle families, transforming it into a universal bank with 60 branches and a significant presence in the corporate market. Following the acquisition of control by Société Générale, the Supervielle family had no role in the management of Banco Supervielle. In 1997, Banco Supervielle de Buenos Aires S.A. created Société Générale Asset Management Sociedad Gerente de FCI S.A. In March 2000, the name Banco Supervielle de Buenos Aires S.A. was changed to Banco Société Générale S.A.

Banco Banex S.A.

In 1969, Jules Henri Supervielle, the father of Julio Patricio Supervielle, our controlling shareholder, and cousin of the Supervielle family members who had owned and managed Banco Supervielle de Buenos Aires S.A. until 1964, founded Exprinter de Finanzas S.A., which became Exprinter Banco S.A. in 1991. On July 15, 1996, Exprinter Banco S.A. acquired 100% of the capital stock of Banco San Luis S.A. pursuant to a public bidding process organized by its owner, the Province of San Luis. The acquisition was part of a strategic plan aimed at growing in the interior of Argentina and penetrating the retail and the SMEs segments. In 1998, Exprinter Banco S.A. and Banco San Luis S.A. merged to create Banco San Luis S.A. Banco Comercial Minorista, and was later renamed Banco Banex S.A. In 2001, Banco Banex S.A. acquired several branches of Banco Balcarce S.A.

Creation of Holding Company

Grupo Supervielle was incorporated in the City of Buenos Aires in 1979, under the name Inversiones y Participaciones S.A., changing the name to Grupo Supervielle S.A. in November 2008.

Acquisition of Banco Société Générale S.A. by Banco Banex S.A.

In March 2005, the Central Bank approved the purchase by Banco Banex S.A. of a majority stake in Banco Société Générale S.A., Supervielle Asset Management Sociedad Gerente de FCI S.A. and Sofital. Upon consummation of this acquisition, Banco Société Générale S.A.’s corporate name was changed to Banco Supervielle S.A. At the time of the purchase, the total assets of Banco Banex S.A. were 61.3% of the total assets of Banco Societé Générale S.A.

Merger of Banco Banex S.A. and Banco Supervielle S.A.

In July 2007, with the prior approval of the Central Bank, Banco Banex S.A. merged into the Bank.

Acquisition of Banco Regional de Cuyo S.A.

In September 2008, the Bank finalized the acquisition of 99.94% of the capital stock of Banco Regional de Cuyo S.A. The Banco Regional de Cuyo S.A. merged with and into the Bank in November 2010.

Creation of Espacio Cordial de Servicios S.A.

In October 2012, our Board of Directors approved the creation of ECM S.A., which was later renamed Espacio Cordial de Servicios S.A. Cordial Servicios is an entity created to sell non-financial products and services, such as insurance plans and coverage, tourism packages, health insurance and health services, electric appliances and furniture, insurance mechanisms and plans and alarm systems.

Acquisition of Supervielle Seguros S.A.

In February 2013, we and Sofital accepted an offer for the acquisition of 100% of the shares of an insurance company named Aseguradores de Créditos del Mercosur S.A. In June 2013, 95% of the shares of Aseguradores de Créditos del Mercosur S.A. were transferred to us and the remaining 5% of the shares were transferred to Sofital. In October 2013, Aseguradores de Créditos del Mercosur S.A. was renamed Supervielle Seguros S.A.

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Successful IPO in May 2016

Since May 19, 2016, the ordinary Class B shares of Grupo Supervielle S.A. are listed on ByMA, and its ADSs, each of which represents five ordinary Class B shares, are listed on the NYSE under the ticker “SUPV.” At the time, Grupo Supervielle made an initial public offer of its Class B shares in Argentina and of its ADSs in the international markets for an aggregate amount of U.S.$323 million. Through the offering, Grupo Supervielle placed 146,625,087 ordinary Class B shares, of which 137,095,955 were placed internationally in the form of ADSs. In the offering, 114,807,087 were newly issued ordinary Class B shares while 31,818,000 were sold pursuant to a secondary offering.

Capitalization of an in-kind contribution and resulting capital stock increase

At the ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting of Grupo Supervielle held on April 27, 2017, the shareholders of Grupo Supervielle approved the capitalization of an in-kind contribution of 7,672,412 shares of common stock of Sofital made by Mr. Julio Patricio Supervielle and an increase of the capital stock of Grupo Supervielle through the issuance of up to 8,032,032 new Class B shares. In connection with the capital increase, on July 18, 2017, a total of 7,494,710 new Class B shares were subscribed as follows: (i) 4,321,208 were issued to Mr. Julio Patricio Supervielle in return for the in-kind contribution, representing 57.7% of the total capital increase, and (ii) 3,173,502 Class B shares were issued to existing shareholders of Grupo Supervielle who exercised their preemptive and accretion rights with respect to the capital increase, representing 42.3% of the total capital increase.

Successful completion of follow-on and capital increase

In September 2017, Grupo Supervielle made an increase of capital stock through an offer of Class B shares. Simultaneously with the offer, Grupo Supervielle made an offer of preemptive and accretive rights of Class B shares to existing shareholders. As a result of the offer, Grupo Supervielle issued a total of 85,449,997 new Class B shares for a total of U.S.$344.0 million.

Creation of Fideicomiso Financiero Fintech Supervielle I

On February 16, 2018, our Board of Directors approved the creation of Fideicomiso Financiero Fintech Supervielle I to invest in financial technology (fintech) and insurance technology (insurtech) start up projects in an amount up to U.S.$3 million. The Fideicomiso Financiero Fintech Supervielle I has made investments with minor participations in the following start-up projects since its creation: 123Seguro, Increase, Avancargo, Blended, SixClovers and Lemon Cash. The Fideicomiso Financiero Fintech Supervielle I is financed by Grupo Supervielle and the Bank. On July 15, 2022, the Fideicomiso Financiero Fintech Supervielle I entered into a limited partnership agreement with Alaya Capital Partners III LP pursuant to which the Fideicomiso Financiero Fintech Supervielle I made a contribution of all its participations in the aforementioned start-up projects to Alaya Capital Partners III LP.

Acquisition of Micro Lending S.A.U.

On April 6, 2018, Grupo Supervielle approved an offer to acquire 100% of the share capital of MILA. MILA specializes in car financing, particularly in used cars. On May 2, 2018, Grupo Supervielle closed the acquisition of MILA.

Acquisition of the capital stock of InvertirOnline S.A.U. and InvertirOnline.com Argentina S.A.U. (renamed as Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U.)

On May 24, 2018, we acquired the capital stock of the online trading platform IOL invertironline through the purchase of InvertirOnline S.A.U. and InvertirOnline.com Argentina S.A.U. In July 2021, the platform was renamed IOL invertironline. On April 19, 2022, InvertirOnline.com Argentina S.A.U. was renamed as Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U.

Conversion of Class A shares

On April 24, 2019, as requested by Mr. Julio Patricio Supervielle, our Board of Directors authorized the conversion of 65,000,000 Class A shares, with a par value of Ps.1.00 each and entitled to five votes per share, held by Mr. Supervielle, into Class B shares, with a par value of Ps.1.00 each and entitled to one vote per share, pursuant to Section 6(b) of our bylaws. On May 9, 2019, the conversion was approved by the CNV.

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Creation of Bolsillo Digital S.A.U.

On June 12, 2019, we created Bolsillo Digital. This company is a fintech which was introduced in the fast-growing industry of means of payment, which designs and develops products and services for payment processing, thereby offering solutions to businesses and individuals and facilitating their integration into the digital payment systems by using mobile points of sale (“MPOS”) and mobile wallet products. On August 5, 2021, Grupo Supervielle transferred its shares of Bolsillo Digital to its subsidiary Banco Supervielle S.A. as part of its strategy within the industry of means of payment. Bolsillo Digital’s main activity until 2022 was to provide payment services under its brand Boldi (“Boldi”). In February 2023, the Boldi app was permanently closed. As of the date of this annual report, Bolsillo Digital is in the process of being dissolved.

Creation of Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros S.A.

On December 21, 2018, we created Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros, which has the exclusive purpose of carrying out the insurance intermediation activity, promoting the contracts of life insurance, wealth and pension insurance premiums, and advising customers and potential customers. Grupo Supervielle owns more than 99% of its share capital, directly or indirectly. Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros began operating in the second half of 2019.

Acquisition of Futuros del Sur S.A. (renamed as Supervielle Agente de Negociación S.A.U.)

On December 18, 2019, Supervielle acquired 100% of the share ownership of Futuros del Sur S.A., a brokerage firm seeking to broaden the investment and financial services it provides to institutional and corporate customers and also drive efficient and profitable cross selling. On January 24, 2022, Futuros del Sur S.A. changed its corporate name to Supervielle Agente de Negociación S.A.U.

Acquisition of Easy Cambio S.A. (renamed as Dólar IOL S.A.U.)

In October 2020, Grupo Supervielle acquired Easy Cambio S.A., a foreign exchange broker authorized by the Central Bank. On March 17, 2022, Easy Cambio S.A. changed its corporate name to Dólar IOL S.A.U. On November 17, 2022, the board of directors of Dólar IOL S.A.U. resolved to cease the activity of the company as a foreign exchange broker given its low operation volumes since May 2021. On November 17, 2022, Dólar IOL S.A.U. requested to the Central Bank the cancellation of the authorization to carry out exchange operations and to revoke the registration of the company from the Central Bank’s Registry of Foreign Exchange Operators (Registro de Operadores de Cambio). Following the Central Bank’s authorization, Dólar IOL S.A.U. was dissolved.

Acquisition of the capital stock of IOL Holding S.A. and IOL Agente de Valores S.A.

On August 6, 2021, Grupo Supervielle acquired 95% of the shares of IOL Holding, a company incorporated in Uruguay. Sofital acquired the remaining 5% of the shares of IOL Holding.

On August 23, 2021, IOL Holding acquired 100% of the shares of IOL Agente de Valores S.A., a company incorporated in Uruguay which is expected to provide security dealer services. On June 16, 2022, the Central Bank of Uruguay authorized IOL Agente de Valores to act as a security dealer providing services to non-residents of Uruguay. IOL Agente de Valores S.A. is expected to provide its services through an online platform to non-residents of Uruguay who may be based in Latin America and seek to participate in the U.S. capital markets.

Merger of Tarjeta Automática S.A. and IUDÚ into the Bank

On December 14, 2022, the Bank, as the absorbing entity, and Tarjeta Automática S.A. and IUDÚ, as the absorbed entities, entered into merger agreements, pursuant to which Tarjeta Automática S.A. and IUDÚ merged into the Bank effective January 2023. On December 1, 2023, the Central Bank approved the mergers. These mergers allowed us to simplify the Group’s corporate structure and complete the Group’s corporate integration plans which began in September 2022.

Executive Offices

Our principal executive offices are located at Reconquista 330, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Our general telephone number is +54-11-4340-3100. Our website is http://www.gruposupervielle.com. Information contained or accessible through our website is not incorporated by reference in, and should not be considered part of, this annual report.

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We file reports, including our annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC that apply to foreign private issuers. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Any filings we make electronically with the SEC are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s web site at http://www.sec.gov.

Our agent for service of process in the United States is CT Corporation System, located at 111 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York, 10011.

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Item 4.BBusiness Overview

Overview

We provide a wide range of financial and non-financial services to our clients and have more than 130 years of experience operating in Argentina. We are focused on offering fast solutions to our clients and effectively adapting to evolving changes within the industries in which we operate. Grupo Supervielle operates multiple platforms and brands and has developed a diverse ecosystem to respond to our clients’ needs. Since May 2016, the shares of Grupo Supervielle are listed on the ByMA and NYSE.

Our company takes advantage of the following strengths and opportunities:

| ● | We are the oldest private franchise in Argentina and own the eighth largest Argentine private bank in terms of loans, and have a recognized presence within the Argentine financial industry;

| ● | We operate in an underpenetrated financial system. The Argentine financial system is one of the least penetrated financial systems in Latin America, with a fragmented and competitive landscape. As a result, the Argentine financial system presents a number of growth opportunities, as Argentina resumes its stabilization process. We are well positioned and constantly evolving to capture these growth opportunities given our focus on a differentiated customer experience.

| ● | We have a strong liquidity and a solid capital base which support our growth initiatives. In addition to organic growth, we have significantly increased our business through acquisitions which have allowed us to expand our private loan market share among financial institutions from 0.1% to 2.4% between December 2002 and December 2023.

| ● | We are going through a process of cultural and digital transformation aimed at addressing the challenging and fast-moving context of disruption that the global financial industry is going through. We adopted a customer-centric, product-oriented operational model which enables us to understand our customers’ needs and to strengthen our digital product culture. During 2023, we continued to develop our operating model by deepening empowerment of our customer-centric autonomous cells and strengthening our digital product capabilities. This enables us to evolve into a culture of innovation, accelerate time to market of new value propositions, and enhance the customer experience.

| ● | We are building a service ecosystem. We continue to build our ecosystem integrating our service offerings and adding third-party partnerships, improving customer experience, while driving synergies among our different verticals, increasing customer loyalty and pursuing cross selling initiatives.

Our controlling shareholder has a strong commitment to the Argentine financial system. Julio Patricio Supervielle is the Chairman of the Board of Directors and the CEO of Grupo Supervielle and has led Grupo Supervielle for almost 25 years. During his tenure, we have experienced growth in terms of net worth, assets, deposits, our footprint and customer base, and we have successfully completed some of our most significant acquisitions. We rely on our Board of Directors whose members collectively have extensive experience in retail and commercial banking, a deep understanding of local business sectors and strong capabilities in risk management, finance, capital markets, M&A and corporate governance. In addition, our senior management team is comprised of seasoned officials and experts in their fields that foster a business culture of high performance. Our subsidiaries are: (i) Banco Supervielle S.A., which is the eighth largest private bank in Argentina in terms of loans; (ii) Supervielle Seguros, an insurance company; (iii) Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros, an insurance broker; (iv) Supervielle Asset Management, a mutual fund management company; (v) Supervielle Agente de Negociación, a brokerage firm offering services to institutional and corporate customers; (vi) IOL invertironline, a broker specialized in online trading and a platform that offers online services related to financial investments; (vii) Espacio Cordial, an entity offering retail non-financial products, assistance, services and tourism; and (viii) MILA, a company specialized in car financing.

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Our subsidiaries also include Sofital, a holding company that owns shares of the same companies owned by Grupo Supervielle, and Bolsillo Digital, which is in the process of being dissolved.

In 2023, we continued to operate in an adverse macroeconomic environment characterized by the highest levels of inflation recorded in decades. Our strategic focus was on driving higher operating leverage, which we achieved by advancing our digital transformation which we started to implement in 2018 and our process of modernizing infrastructures and resizing the Bank’s branch network. As of December 31, 2023, we had a distribution network that gained efficiency due to the process of consolidation and consolidated 46 branches reducing the number of our branches from 183 in 2020 to 137 as of December 31, 2023.

Moreover, we continue to enhance our service model, improving digital and automatic channels while transforming our branch network to deliver higher-value transactions to customers, while boosting cross-selling efforts and establishing the base to drive higher productivity as growth resumes and inflation decreases.

On a consolidated basis, we had:

| ● | Ps.2,058.0 billion in total assets as of December 31, 2023, compared to Ps.2,166.0 billion in total assets as of December 31, 2022;

| ● | Ps.499.9 billion in loans as of December 31, 2023, compared to Ps.766.5 billion in loans as of December 31, 2022;

| ● | Ps.611.4 billion in loans, financing and off-balance guarantees as of December 31, 2023, compared to Ps.816.9 billion as of December 31, 2022;

| ● | Ps.1,548.9 billion in deposits as of December 31, 2023, including Ps.1,448.2 billion from the private sector, and Ps.100.7 billion from the non-financial public sector, compared to Ps.1,705.0 billion in deposits as of December 31, 2022, including Ps.1,618.3 billion from the private sector and Ps.86.7 billion from the non-financial public sector;

| ● | Ps.341.4 billion in attributable shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2023, compared to Ps.287.3 billion in attributable shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2022; and

| ● | 3,663 employees as of December 31, 2023, compared to 3,814 employees as of December 31, 2022.

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During 2023, we continued to build our ecosystem, and served 2.0 million active customers, while we continued to execute on the key strategic pillars of our strategy designed to improve profitability and efficiency. The following chart illustrates our business ecosystem as of December 31, 2023:

Notes: (1) Loans and Deposits Market share: Banco Supervielle Market Share among Argentine Private banks; and (2) Insurance Market share among the insurance lines we underwrite as of the last twelve months as of June 2023, which is the latest information available as of the date of this annual report.

Financial Services

We own the eighth largest Argentine private bank in terms of loans. Through the Bank, we serve 1.5 million individual customers, around 25,000 small businesses, 2,800 SMEs and 1,900 corporates, and we maintain a competitive leading position in certain strategic segments.

According to calculations based on Central Bank and other third-party information, our share for the following products is as follows:

| ● | total loans: our market share as of December, 2023 was 2.4%, compared to a 2.9% market share as of December, 2022;

| ● | total deposits: our market share as of December, 2023 was 2.6%, compared to a 2.9% market share as of December, 2022.

Additionally, based on the latest information published by ANSES, we made 8.9% of all social security payments to senior citizens in Argentina as of December 31, 2023, compared to 9.1% as of December 31, 2022.

Through the Bank, we maintain a strong geographic presence in the City of Buenos Aires and the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, which is Argentina’s most commercially significant and highly populated area, and we are leaders in terms of our banking network in some of Argentina’s most dynamic regions, including Mendoza.

Moreover, we are advancing on our omnichannel strategy and developing a hybrid model including virtual branches to expand our footprint and offer banking services anywhere and anytime. This model combines the efficiencies of a virtual branch with the strength of face-to-face interactions.

We also continue to make significant progress on our branch transformation, implementing a new service model and updating our network. In 2023, enhancing the customer experience has been a key initiative which has accelerated digital adoption, increased engagement and cross-selling while boosting our competitive net promoter score (“NPS”).

As of December 31, 2023, the share of digital customers expanded by 10 percentage points to 62%. Our digital wallet, through the online banking platform Supervielle App, continues to gain customer engagement and the number of transfers made through this

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app more than doubled to 7 million as of December 2023, and increased 10 times in QR code payments and 84% in bill payments. “Inversión Rapida”, which is a mobile app feature that allows our customers to invest in money market funds, disrupted the retail value proposition by allowing customers to invest 24/7 in money market funds and safeguard their savings from inflation. This contributed to year-on-year increases of 9 times in the number of retail clients investing in our money market funds and Assets Under Management expanding 7 times in nominal terms.

During 2023, we also expanded the Entrepreneur and SMEs (“E&P” as is called in Spanish), SMEs and middle market customers by nearly 5% compared to 2022. The digital working capital financing products which we started offering during 2023 had a successful adoption by our customers. As of December 31, 2023, digital transactions by SMEs accounted for 93% of factoring, 72% of commercial unsecured loans, and 52% of overdrafts. We also increased cross-selling while improving NPS across all segments for the second consecutive year. The penetration of insurance policies sold to Entrepreneurs and SME customers increased to 10% from 7% in 2022, while the renewal rate increased close to 90% compared to 2022, underscoring customer retention. We gained share in sight deposits, which increased to approximately 2.4%, and continued to expand FX trade transactions, gaining over 1.3% of market share to 4.8%. In addition, we were recognized by Euromoney as the Best Trade Finance Argentine Bank.

Insurance

The insurance business is continuously adapting its products to the needs of our customers. We have access to customers through our distribution networks and aim to further develop our bancassurance distribution model by expanding the variety of insurance products offered.

In 2023, Supervielle Seguros issued 445,000 active policies with individual clients and more than 4,000 with corporate clients. We focused on enhancing the digital experience for individual customers, expanding the range of coverage with more simple products. As a result, sales of digital products accounted for 26% of auto, home, and technology insurance in December 2023, increasing from 10% in January 2023.

We also doubled our sales through Online Banking and Mobile compared to 2022 and began scaling insurance sales through the our Virtual Hub channel, with a total of 3,028 policies sold, compared to 476 in 2022. See “—Bank Distribution Network—Virtual Hub.”

Regarding in-person channels, Supervielle Seguros achieved a 58% increase in productivity, surpassing pre-pandemic levels, increasing insurance placements by 20% and cross-selling by 37% compared to 2022. Additionally, customer satisfaction measured by NPS improved 9 percentage points in 2023.

Savings

We offer investments and savings solutions to our customers through a wide range of products. Through Supervielle Asset Management, we have 17 mutual funds designed to meet customers’ particular investment objectives and risk profiles. As of December 31, 2023, monthly average assets under management accounted for Ps.512.5 billion, compared to Ps.119.3 billion monthly average assets under management as of December 31, 2022 (measured in historical currency).

Investments

IOL invertironline ranked third in the ByMA exchange ranking on Equity with a 4.64% market share and fifth in terms of CEDEARs (Certificado de Depósito Argentinos) with a 4.64% market share as of December 2023. In 2023, we carried out more than 14 million transactions, we opened 916,000, accounts (with a monthly record of more than 93,000 accounts in October) and at the end of the year we had 483,580 active customers, more than 916,000 accounts and a customer activity rate of 52.8%. Additionally, we contribute to improve financial education with around 9,000 participants attending financial courses education offered by IOL invertironline in 2023.

IOL invertironline continued to drive strong fee growth over 150% compared to 2022, expanding assets under management while attracting and retaining customers.

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We achieved remarkable year-on-year growth across all key performance indicators, underscoring our ability to attract and retain customers. Monthly active users increased by 5 times to more than 270,000, new accounts increased by three times, app downloads increased by 9 times, and Assets under Management increased by 7 times in nominal terms, compared to 2022.

Payments

In 2020, we joined Play Digital S.A. (“Modo”), the systemic payment solution for banks in Argentina, as shareholder, with the aim of expanding the offer of financial services to our clients throughout the country, integrating technologies that facilitate the use of our applications on mobile devices, allowing them to operate in the digital market for payments and transfers through a systemic solution of the highest quality standard. In 2021, we integrated Modo into our Supervielle App and our Supervielle Jubilados App, which serves to provide services to senior citizens. In 2022, our Supervielle App for individuals implemented thefunctionality to make payments using quick-response (“QR”) codes using credit, debit and account debit cards.

In 2023, we recorded a significant growth in the use of MODO as a payment method in our Supervielle App, reaching 1.3 million payments which used QR codes and growing 10 times as compared to 2022. As of the date of this annual report, more than 60,000 customers use our App monthly to make payments using QR codes and money transfers, as compared to 13,000 customers in 2022.

The use of digital channels for utility payments increased by 84% in 2023 compared to 2022. The penetration of this method increased by 35% in 2023 compared to 2022, which also indicates an increase in the use of the Bank as the bank of choice.

In addition, during 2023 we developed OpenBanking, an online solution which may be used to operate with accounts in other entities through our Supervielle App, thus becoming a digital wallet.

Mobility-Cars

In 2018, we started to develop our mobility car business with the acquisition of MILA, a company that specializes in car financing. In December 2021, we signed an agreement to finance the operation of KAVAK, a digital platform for the sale of used cars. As a result of this financing, KAVAK provides a wide range of financial and non-financial services to its customers and its customers receive exclusive benefits. In 2023, we renewed our agreement with KAVAK. Within the framework of this agreement we increased our market share from 40% in 2022 to 70% in 2023 in car loans, becoming the bank of choice in this segment.

During 2023, we focused on the profitability of this segment that serves both individuals and companies in the automotive retail and wholesale markets, and we added 5,600 new customers and ranked third among banks in the market in terms of car loans.

Non financial services and products: Retail and Leisure, and Medical plans

Building on our banking sector expertise, we identify cross-selling opportunities and offer targeted products to our customers at each point of contact though our brands Cordial and Tienda Supervielle. At the end of 2023, Espacio Cordial had more than 210,000 assistance services in its portfolio. The focus of the service is the coverage of unsatisfied needs in health services, such as dentistry, ophthalmology, medical emergencies and telemedicine, and also household, car, motorcycle and pet needs. Tourism proposals are marketed through Tienda Supervielle, which also offers financing. In 2023, the commercial focus was on digital operations and commercial alliances with retailers and mass consumption companies, taking advantage of different digital, face-to-face and telephone channels.

Our Vision and Strategy

The Argentine market is one of the least penetrated financial systems in Latin America, with a fragmented and competitive landscape. We believe the Argentine market has significant underused financial infrastructure in the form of checking and savings accounts and adequate mobile and internet penetration levels, which helps create growth opportunities. We believe we are well positioned to capture these growth opportunities due to our digital transformation, our focus on a differentiated customer experience, our evolving branch model and online platforms and our product offerings.

The industry in which we operate has been affected by the economic conditions in Argentina over the last several years. In 2023, Argentina’s GDP decreased by 1.6% as a result of the droughts which occurred in Argentina in 2023 and the decrease of the

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agricultural exports by 20.6% compared to 2022. In 2022, Argentina’s GDP increased by 5.0% mainly due to the recovery of the Argentine economy from the negative impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the Argentine economy. Inflation in Argentina increased to 94.8% in 2022 and 211.4% in 2023. During 2022 and 2023, the Argentine financial system continued to face considerable macroeconomic and regulatory challenges, such as minimum rates for time deposits, caps on interest rates on certain loans, mandatory loans, limits on LELIQ holdings and foreign exchange market restrictions. As a result, as of December 31, 2023, the financial system in Argentina had low credit demand with loans to GDP and deposits to GDP at historical low rates of 6.7% and 18.3%, respectively. In December 2023, President Milei took office and the new administration remains committed to achieving fiscal surplus and is expected to introduce reforms aiming to reach a macroeconomic and financial stabilization beyond 2024.

In 2020, we started a digital and cultural transformation aimed at addressing the challenging and fast-moving context of disruption that the global financial industry is going through. This context led us to focus on improving our value proposition, customer loyalty, customer acquisition and efficiency. Thus, we built a differentiated user experience in our digital channels and implemented a program to address to our customers’ needs. Since then, we started innovating in the Virtual Hub and developed capabilities for future banking sector of the future in terms of IT architecture, digital channels, cloud operability, use of artificial intelligence, digital marketing, cybersecurity, data and advanced analytics. At the same time, we began to implement a digital mindset, with agile practices as part of the end-to-end transformation of our operating model, with new disciplines led by COEs (Center of Excellence).

In 2023, we adopted a customer-centric, product-oriented organizational model which enables us to address our clients’ needs and to strengthen our customers’ digital product culture. Also, as a result of our IT strategy we are migrating our application programming interfaces to the cloud in order to give our new operating model the required agility and adaptability. We are committed to a continuous migration of solutions under a multi-cloud strategy. At the end of 2023 we had migrated 131 applications to the cloud. Migrated apps account for 50% of the migration plan and our objective is to migrate 100% of the applications not associated with our core business by the end of 2024.

We aim to address our customers’ needs through hyper-personalized experiences that provide immediate solutions. We are constantly transforming to offer these experiences. Our goal is to develop experiences of success for investment, collection, payment and consultation of queries in a simple way. In addition, our infrastructure enables us to reach customers all through Argentina and provide solutions to their financial needs with a higher level of service. In 2024, we expect to differentiate ourselves through the use of artificial intelligence and our “Human Banking” service model to anticipate our customers’ needs. We created “Human Banking” in 2020 as a hybrid face-to-face and virtual service model aimed at developing solutions to improve the access to the Bank’s services.

During 2023, we continued to execute our key strategic pillars to improve our return on equity and drive long term value creation. These strategic pillars are:

| ● | enhance the customer experience;

| ● | accelerate client acquisition in profitable segments;

| ● | expand digital adoption;

| ● | continue to capture operating efficiencies;

| ● | lower cost of funding; and

| ● | maintain healthy asset quality.

As of the date of this annual report, we serve more than 2.0 million customers through this ecosystem. Improving asset quality and funding are two other key pillars of our strategy where we are also advancing despite the challenging context. While accelerating inflation and high market interest rates are weighted on industry loan demand, our prudent approach to asset quality has allowed us to maintain stable and healthy asset quality levels. We expect to deliver loan growth and customer acquisition with a more efficient structure, driving sustainable profitability, subject to market conditions.

Sustainability

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At Grupo Supervielle we are committed to our employees, customers and communities to achieve sustainable growth while protecting the environment and acting with social responsibility. We integrate the sustainability strategy to our business model and promote a responsible culture among our employees. We report on our non-financial performance in a clear and transparent way, in connection with environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) factors.

In 2023, we continued to develope goals and objectives that align with our sustainability strategies. In the environmental area, we reduced total electricity consumption by 12% compared to 2022, expanded the use of renewable sources to 2,122 MWh, and offset 100% of our 2022 carbon footprint using the Greenhouse Gas Protocol guidelines. As part of our social responsibility actions, we provided training to 8,249 people for the use of financial instruments. Additionally, we continued to develop various projects related to education, childhood, the elderly, institutional strengthening, and initiatives that promote culture and the arts. To maximize opportunities for generating shared value with our value chain, we evolved supplier risk management towards an integrated and holistic approach framed within our Third-Party Risk Management Policy.

In the corporate governance area, we continued being part of the BYMA Sustainability Index for the sixth consecutive year, which reflects our firm commitment to the integrity of the practices and policies that underpin our corporate leadership.

Regarding the development of strategic indicators of our ESG performance, on December 14, 2022 the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle approved the Sustainability Policy which establishes the basic principles and provides a general framework for the management of our sustainability agenda and its integration into the corporate strategy and business model. It applies to all of the companies of Grupo Supervielle, and the Board of Directors is responsible for its review and amedment. In 2023, the Board of Directors approved the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Policy, which sets forth our commitment to promote a diverse work environment that values and respects differences among our personnel.

We are committed to report our financial and non-financial performance to all our stakeholders. On March 6, 2024, we published our 2023 Integrated Annual Report, which reflects our commitment towards transparency and disclosure, providing stakeholders with a clear understanding of our ESG activities and progress and enhancing our dedication to sustainable practices and responsible business operations.

The following are additional commitments of Grupo Supervielle in terms of sustainability:

| ● | Customers

We extended the use of financial products and services (financial inclusion) to those who already have an account with Grupo Supervielle, facilitating the adoption of new digital tools and promoting financial education.

| ● | Employees

We create opportunities to promote employees’ growth and potential, and foster a diverse and inclusive work culture that values individuals for who they are and what they contribute.

| ● | Diversity

We are designing our diversity strategy by creating a diversity, equity and inclusion forum and developing an action plan to continue promoting diversity within our organizations.

| ● | Community

We promote social investment with impact on projects related to education, minors, the elderly and institutional strengthening, and actions that promote culture and the arts.

| · | Corporate Governance

We do business pursuant to the highest corporate governance standards, promoting transparence, ethical behavior, respect of the principle of legality and sustainability of our activities and those of our value chain.

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| · | Respect of the Principle of Legality

We regularly review the degree of compliance with applicable laws and regulations and we take the actions required to correct deviations.

Business Segments

We conduct our operations through the following business segments:

| ● | Personal & Business Banking;

| ● | Corporate Banking;

| ● | Bank Treasury;

| ● | Insurance; and

| ● | Asset Management and Other Services.

Until 2022, the Company had a Consumer Finance segment which included businesses of IUDÚ, Tarjeta, Cordial Servicios and MILA. On December 1, 2023, the Central Bank approved the merger of IUDÚ into the Bank, and therefore IUDÚ merged into the Bank, effective January 2023. This merger, along with the merger of Tarjeta into the Bank, allowed us to simplify the Group’s corporate structure and complete the Group’s corporate integration plans which began in September 2022. In turn, Cordial Servicios is included in the Asset Management and Other Services segment, while Mila is included in the Personal & Business Banking segment.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of our net revenue and net income by segment for the periods indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | As of December 31, 2023
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Attributable Net (Loss) /
Segment | ​ | Net Revenue |  | Percentage |  | Income
​ | ​ | (in million of Pesos)
Personal & Business Banking |  | 168,192.3 |  | 34.0 | % | (30,665.0)
Corporate Banking |  | 57,211.2 |  | 11.6 | % | 10,304.1
Bank Treasury |  | 206,706.6 |  | 41.7 | % | 60,243.7
Insurance |  | 24,420.3 |  | 4.9 | % | 3,602.0
Asset Management and Other Services |  | 38,662.4 |  | 7.8 | % | 10,575.6
Total Allocated to Segments |  | 495,192.8 |  | 100.0 | % | 54,060.4
Adjustments(1) |  | 10,528.9 |  | ​ |  | (2,444.6)
Total Consolidated |  | 505,721.7 |  | 100.0 | % | 51,615.8

(1) | Includes the net interest income received from the investment of liquidity at the holding company, as well as transactions between segments.

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The following table sets forth the breakdown of our assets by segment as of December 31, 2023.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, 2023
​ | ​ | Personal | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Asset | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | and | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Business | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | and Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | Consolidated
​ |  | Banking |  | Banking |  | Treasury |  | Finance |  | Insurance |  | Services |  | Adjustments(1) |  | Total
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
Assets | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |
Cash and due from banks |  | 110,764,865 |  | 3,027,754 |  | 110,072,448 |  | — |  | 4,253 |  | 3,774,939 |  | 1,454,013 |  | 229,098,272
Debt Securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 468,851 |  | 844,260 |  | 29,465,234 |  | — |  | 5,333,658 |  | 6,137,589 |  | 4,166,230 |  | 46,415,822
Loans and other financings |  | 259,366,382 |  | 196,646,291 |  | 25,996,149 |  | — |  | 16,219 |  | 609,543 |  | (179,500) |  | 482,455,084
Other debt securities | ​ | 795,893 | ​ | — | ​ | 242,620,591 | ​ | — | ​ | 755,780 | ​ | 16 | ​ | 7,008,261 | ​ | 251,180,541
Other assets (2) |  | 67,222,373 |  | 24,588,393 |  | 917,851,229 |  | — |  | 8,213,004 |  | 34,590,087 |  | (3,606,804) |  | 1,048,858,282
Total Assets |  | 438,618,364 |  | 225,106,698 |  | 1,326,005,651 |  | — |  | 14,322,914 |  | 45,112,174 |  | 8,842,200 |  | 2,058,008,001

| (1) | Includes elimination of inter-segment loans and assets not directly allocated to a single segment, such as unlisted equity investments, miscellaneous receivables, premises and equipment, miscellaneous assets and intangible assets.

| (2) | Other Assets at the Bank Treasury segment includes Ps.76.0 billion of securities issued by the Central Bank, Ps.755.7 billion of repo transactions with the Central Bank and Ps.199.4 billion of Government Securities.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of our customers as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Customers
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Personal & Business Banking | ​ | 1,534,729 | ​ | 1,564,666
Individuals |  | 1,395,801 |  | 1,364,778
Entrepreneurs |  | 29,873 |  | 28,757
SMEs |  | 3,682 |  | 3,499
Consumer Customers (ex. IUDÚ) | ​ | 105,373 | ​ | 167,632
Corporate Banking |  | 1,407 |  | 1,342
IOL invertironline |  | 483,580 |  | 136,890
Total |  | 2,019,716 |  | 1,702,898

​

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Personal & Business Banking Segment

Our Personal and Business Banking segment offers a wide range of financial products and services designed to meet the needs of individuals, entrepreneurs and small businesses: personal loans, mortgage loans, unsecured loans, loans with special facilities for project and work capital financing, leasing, bank guarantee for tenants, salary advances, car loans, domestic and international factoring, international guarantees and letters of credit, payroll payment plans (planes sueldo), credit cards, debit cards, savings accounts, time deposits, checking accounts, and financial services and investments such as mutual funds, insurance and guarantees, and benefit payments for senior citizens. In 2023, we continued to offer these financial products and services to satisfy our customers’ needs.

Based on the assessment of their distinctive features, their needs and specific requirements, our customers are grouped in five strategic groups which are further described below: (i) SMEs customers, which comprise individuals engaged in commercial activities, and small and medium sized companies with revenues lower than Ps.3 billion per year, (ii) Identité customers, which comprise high networth individuals belonging to serial ABC1 segments, (iii) mass affluent, which comprise individual customers who do not perform any commercial activities and are not included in the Identité segment, (iv) senior citizens customers, which comprise senior citizens who are paid pension benefits through accounts held in the Bank, and (v) consumer customers which were transferred from IUDÚ to the Bank.

Personal & Business Banking Segment – Retail Customers

| ● | Identité and Mass Affluent Segments: In 2023, we promoted the acquisition of new customers, with 56,000 registrations in Identité and Mass Affluent, and we grew in competitive net promoter score, which is an indicator of customer satisfaction, for the third consecutive year in both segments.

To improve our customer service in Identité and Mass Affluent, we focused on achieving an end-to-end digital everyday banking payment experience including payments and transfers through the Modo app, MEP dollar investments and “Inversión rápida” (investment in money market funds through the Modo app), personal loans, credit cards, car loans, car and property insurance, time deposits, Plan Sueldo (which is explained below), recharges and access to omnichannel services. As a result, the percentage of digital customer over total customers reached 81% in the fourth quarter of 2023 compared to 73% in the same period of 2022. We also increased our share of wallet in deposits and cross-sell, especially in the Identité segment.

In terms of products and services, Identité and Mass Affluent grew in the placement of personal loans through digital channels with 220,000 placements in 2023 compared to 204,000 in 2022. “Inversión rápida” added 100,000 new investors in 2023 compared to 4,000 new investors in 2022 and the number of transactions and the volume of securities increased 4 times in terms of orders and volume of operations in relation to government securities and for the third consecutive year grew in mutual funds, reaching a market share of 2.46%.

| ● | Senior Citizens. Since 1996, the Bank has acted as one of the paying agents of social security payments to senior citizens on behalf of the Argentine government pursuant to an agreement with ANSES. We believe the Bank remains the private bank with the largest presence in this segment, with 886,000 customers, 605,000 of which are beneficiaries of retirement and pension plans, which represents an approximate market share of 8.9%. In 2022, we developed new channels to attract senior citizens and launched “Previsional,” a referral program for this segment, in order to maintain the Bank’s leadership in the senior citizens segment.

In order to evolve our service model, we provided more simple branch structures, as a result of which 95% of our senior citizens customers withdraw their pensions through our ATMs and cash dispensers. In this regard, the volume of customers who made transactions using digital channels increased from 41% in 2022 to 50% in 2023, mainly driven by improved functionalities in the online and mobile pltaforms.

In 2023, 40% of senior citizens obtained loans through self-service channels (as compared to 33% in 2022), more than 19,000 customers invested in mutual funds with “Inversión rápida” as compared to 2,000 in 2022, and 63,000 customers paid their services through our apps, thereby exceeding by 20,000 customers the number of customer in 2022. Additionally, we continued to work on strengthening the financial education of our senior citizens segment through virtual training programs and face-to-face meetings at designated centers, among other initiatives.

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| ● | Former IUDÚ Customers. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we completed the transfer of IUDÚ’s customers, loan portfolio and back-office to the Bank and discontinued the IUDÚ app. At the end of 2023 we were serving more than 100,000 former IUDÚ customers with a value proposition according to the segment.

Personal & Business Banking Segment – Entrepreneurs and SMEs

​

| ● | SMEs customers. During 2023, we acquired more than 4,700 new customers, including customers with commercial activity and small and medium-sized companies, reaching a 5.45% market share. 33% of these new acquisitions were managed digitally and in 2023 we continued improving onboarding and the end-to-end experience of this channel. Thus, we reduced the onboarding time to an average of 8 days in December 2023, as compared to 14 days in December 2022. In addition, during 2023 we launched a new process for the onboarding of corporate customers, which facilitates 100% digital registration of current accounts and access to short-term unsecured loans, and we completed the offer of working capital products in digital channels. In addition, we added Unsecured Loans and Overdrafts products, both built entirely in he cloud and available in online Banking Businesses for E&P and SMEs customers.

For digital acquisition, we leveraged exclusive value propositions and credit lines, in synergy with subsegments in partnership with B2B companies.

| ● | With respect to the commercial management model, we continued to focus on increasing the cross-sell rate, thus obtaining a comprehensive view of each customer through our Plan Sueldo, foreign trade, cash management and leasing products. We also continued to promote our franchise, education, transportation, health and professionals strategic subsegments.

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Products and services offered:

| ● | Loans. The bank offers personal, car loans, mortgage loans, overdrafts, salary advances and guarantees for tenants. In 2023 we continued to develop a consumption financing product both for Online Banking and Mobile. We increased the digital placement of personal loans, driven by the growth of transactions in the Mobile channel, reaching 62% of the aggregate loans placed in December 2023, and exceeding the 34% recorded in December 2022, due to the migration of products to more efficient channels.

| ● | Deposits. In 2020, the Argentine Central Bank established minimum interest rates for time deposits made by individuals and companies which were lifted in March 2024. As of December 31, 2023, we grew in the share of wallet of peso-denominated deposits of our customers measured as the aggregate of deposits in savings accounts, checking accounts, mutual funds and time deposits. In December 2023, our share of peso-denominated deposits of individual customers reached 1.41% compared to 1.20% in December 2022. As of December 31, 2023, total deposits from the Personal and Banking segment amounted to Ps.580.1 billion and retail customers deposits denominated in Pesos represented 37% of total deposits denominated in Pesos.

| ● | Investment Products: During 2023, we continued to develop the Personal Finance Manager to unify the investment perspective and deploy new experiences and products. In 2022, we created a new experience called “Inversión rápida” for the short-term T0 Premier Fund, becoming the first bank to offer 24-hour operations during business days, a competitive value proposition compared to other fintech competitors. In addition, for the third year in a row our market share grew, reaching 2.63%, and we multiplied the number of mutual funds customers and the volumes invested several times in relation to the average of recent years. In 2022, we had launched MEP Dollar together with IOL invertironline, which allows our customers to purchase bonds in Pesos and sell those bonds in U.S. dollars. In 2023, MEP Dollar positioned us at the forefront for making this operation available on Mobile and increased eighteen times the operation of negotiable securities in terms of customers, orders and volume and nine times the number of customers as compared to 2022. In 2023, we launched a new app which enables customers to cash electronic and physical checks which allowed us to reach 93% of digital transactions over total transactions, compared to 77% in 2022.

| ● | Insurance. In 2023, we reached pre-pandemic productivity levels in the insurance segment. Our digital sales increased from 10% in January 2023 to 26% in December 2023, including products offered through digital and face-to-face channels. Additionally, we doubled our car insurance portfolio as compared to 2022, achieving 500 policies per month in the last quarter of 2023, 51% of which were managed digitally. Likewise, during this period we improved the value proposition through the launch of new digital sales products, such as “Celular Protegido,” which is a mobile device insurance service, and implemented personalized assistance through a chat for digital products, and we moved forward with the integration with our partner 123 Seguro, including the companies Sura, Experta and San Cristóbal.

​

39

Corporate Banking Segment

In order to respond to the daily operational and transactional needs of companies, we worked with teams speacialized in leasing, cash management, COMEX, Plan Sueldo, insurance and investments, leveraged on a branch structure that enables coverage in the most densely populated industrial and commercial areas.

In 2022, we decided to implement a selective development focused on value propositions for different areas, such as specialized solutions for wine production and its value chain, with loans for harvest and haulage and leasing for barrels.

In order to preserve a healthy loan portfolio and maintain non-performing loans at adequate levels, we continued to monitor financial risk indicators, such as the Risk-Adjusted Return (“RAROC”). In this regard, we followed a moderate policy of credit appetite, and we sought efficiency in the placement of capital, generating profitability by becoming our customers’ bank of choice.

Products offered to Corporate Customers:

| ● | Deposits: In 2023, our market share of private-sector current account deposits continued to grow for the third consecutive year, reaching an annual average of 2.01%, 16% higher than the 1.85% market share recorded in 2022. Likewise, in the fourth quarter of 2023 our market share reached 2.38%, as compared to 1.95% in the same period of 2022.

| ● | Loans: In 2023, we promoted special loan facilities in line with the segment’s needs which, together with a product reengineering to streamline onboarding, allowed us to improve commercial document discounting, overdrafts and unsecured loans. In 2023, demand for credit remained very low as a result of high inflation and the complex macroeconomic environment in Argentina. However, we recovered our market share in commercial credit in the second half of 2023 and closed the year at 3.91%.

| ● | Plan Sueldo. We continued with the process of transformation in product operations, aiming at achieving high efficiency standards in onboarding, cross-sell and customer profitability. During 2022, we improved our process automation through our Online Banking for commercial customers. In order to continue encouraging onboarding, at the time of registration an automatic email is sent both to the company and to the employee, informing them of the possibility of managing our products from any device. As a result, the corporate customers paying salaries enjoy a better experience when opening salary accounts, uploading payrolls and making payments. According to the most recent data from the Ministry of Labor, in October 2023 our market share of Plan Sueldo for private sector employees reached 2.57%, as compared to 2.63% in December 2022 and 2.48% in December 2021.

| ● | Foreign Trade: As of December 31, 2023, our market share level of both exports and imports of goods, measured in number of transactions was 4.84% compared to 3.5% in 2022. Regarding innovations to improve customer management, we entered into a partnership with latindyl, a Latin American B2B marketplace that connects Argentine SMEs with importers worldwide. This partnership ratifies our commitment to facilitate the internationalization of the segment and develop new markets.

| ● | Cash Management: Our collection and payment services are aimed at cross-sell of funding products and offer differentiated value propositions according to customers’ expectations and needs. The volumes of transactional funds in our collection and payment products grew above inflation, which shows a greater use by our customers of these products. Along these lines, the number of bulk transfer batches entering Online Business Banking doubled, which shows the fast adoption of the products, due to the migration of collection and payment services to the cloud. In addition, we created the Unusual Transfers circuit, reducing the number of fraud cases from 20 to 7 in the first month of implementation. We also continued to provide greater security to our customers with a two-step verification of passwords and e-sign validation.

| ● | Leasing: With a focus on financing capital goods for SMEs, the Financial and Operational Leasing and Sale & Lease Back products are marketed through our commercial officers and our branch network with specialized service and advice in order to promote the use of this capital assets financing tool. This model allowed us to maintain our market positioning, reaching an 11.7% market share as of December 31, 2023.

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Bank Treasury Segment

The Bank Treasury segment is primarily responsible for the allocation of the Bank’s liquidity according to the needs of the Personal and Business Banking segment, the Corporate banking segment and its own needs. The Bank Treasury segment implements the Bank’s financial risk management policies, manages the Bank’s trading desks, distributes treasury products such as debt securities, and develops businesses with wholesale financial and non-financial clients. Below is a description of the services offered under this segment:

Trading Desk and Institutional Sales

The Bank’s trading desks trade financial assets on a proprietary and third-party basis, sell financial products, and implement the Asset and Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”) decisions, within the board’s policies, regarding the Bank’s liquidity and financial risk management policies. The Bank’s trading operations include money market instruments, which include institutional investor deposits, public debt instruments, Central Bank debt notes, foreign exchange, stocks, futures, swaps and repos. Trades develop within the limits of a comprehensive risk map which sets limits on counterparty risk and on long and short positions for each asset class, depending on volatility, traders’ seniority level, and other factors. The risk map also determines stop-loss policies. Banco Supervielle S.A. managed to grow in volume in all products operated, including foreign currency, public and private securities, stocks and derivatives. The Bank managed to position itself as one of the benchmarks of the market among institutional investors in all types of operations.

Correspondent Banking

During 2023, commercial relations were maintained with foreign banks related to the management of correspondent accounts, the financing of foreign trade transactions and the operation of guarantees and letters of credit.

​

Capital Markets

The Bank’s Capital Markets department objective is to originate and structure financing products to be placed in the Argentine capital markets and provide financial advice services which allow the customers of the Bank, Grupo Supervielle and its subsidiaries to optimize their financial resources and capital structure in order to maximize the profitability of their operations.

The sector is mainly focused on the structuring of financial trusts and syndicated credit facilities, in the organization and placement of negotiable obligations and in equity capital markets transactions and mergers and acquisitions, with a view to providing a comprehensive advice on each product, generating long term relationships with customers and investors.

During 2023, we participated in 97 capital markets transactions for a total amount of approximately Ps.413 billion, 77 of which were negotiable obligations, 12 of which were financial trusts and 8 of which were provincial bonds. As a result, the Bank consolidated itself as one of the most active banks in the Argentine securities market. In 2023, we ranked fourth in terms of number of security issuances in which we participated and second in terms of active issuers.

During 2023, we maintained our focus on, and commitment to, the SME segment, while continuing to support large companies and frequent issuers. As of December 31, 2023, 54% of the Capital Market issuances were made by SMEs and a total of 86 Negotiable Obligations of small and medium-sized companies were guaranteed by Banco Supervielle S.A. for a total amount of Ps. 2,705 million and U.S.$50 million. We also gradually entered the Sub-Sovereign financing segment through the placement of Provincial Bonds.

The Bank continued to promote the issuance of green, social and sustainable (“SVS”) bonds. During 2023, we participated in 4 of the 16 issuances made in Argentina, which included the issuance of 2 social bonds, 1 green bond and 1 sustainable bond, for an aggregate amount of Ps. 43,378 million.

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Consumer Finance Segment

During 2022, we executed our key strategic pillars of our strategy designed to improve ROE while operating in an increasingly adverse macroeconomic environment, with inflation at the highest level in decades and loan demand at all-time lows. In this context, we implemented a major restructuring of IUDÚ with the goal of running a more efficient operation and transferred IUDÚ’s customers, loan portfolio and back-office to the Bank through the merger of IUDÚ into the Bank. This transfer allowed us to take advantage of IUDÚ’s operational efficiencies while we continue to offer the Bank’s broad assortment of financial products and services to our customers. At the same time, we reduced our loan origination and focused on improving asset quality in this middle to low income customer segment.

On December 14, 2022, the Bank, as the absorbing entity, and Tarjeta and IUDÚ, as the absorbed entities, entered into merger agreements, pursuant to which Tarjeta and IUDÚ merged into the Bank effective January 2023.

On March 1, 2023 the Bank and Dorinka agreed to terminate the financial service agreement that IUDÚ (the Bank’s consumer finance business) had entered into with Dorinka on August 24, 2021, pursuant to which IUDÚ offered its financial products and services through Dorinka’s points of sale. The Bank’s decision to terminate this agreement was in line with the initiatives that we implemented during 2022 to protect profitability and asset quality in a segment that has been greatly affected by increased inflation and a challenging macroeconomic environment.

On December 1, 2023, the Central Bank approved the merger of IUDÚ into the Bank. These mergers allowed us to simplify the Group’s corporate structure and complete the Group’s corporate integration plans which began in September 2022.

Insurance Segment

Our insurance business is operated by our subsidiaries Supervielle Seguros and Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros. Supervielle Seguros offers insurance products, including life, home, protected technology, personal accidents, protected bags, ATMs, protected content, integral insurance product for entrepreneurs and SME customers and other insurance policies. These products may be accessed through any of our marketing channels, both in-person and digital, which includes the distribution network of the Bank.

Since 2020, we have been carrying out a digital transformation process focused on building capabilities in our IT area and in the areas dedicated to customer experience, which in 2022 included the sale of car insurance through our Online Banking, the implementation of SAP systems, the design and implementation of digital sales strategies, the development of projects based on customer insights, generation of support content for our commercial team and for social media and a new identity for the company. Likewise, our IT department continued developing the APIs strategy, managing to implement functionalities required to boost the business in digital channels.

In 2023, we doubled our sales in Online Banking and Mobile as compared to 2022 and started to scale the sale of insurance policies through Banco Supervielle S.A.’s Virtual Hub, with a total of 3,028 policies sold, as compared to 476 in 2022. In the face-to-face channels we achieved a 58% increase in productivity, surpassing pre-pandemic levels. Thus, we closed the year with a 20% increase in the placement of insurance policies and a 37% increase in cross-selling to our customers, as compared to 2022. In addition, we increased by 8 points our customer satisfaction measured by NPS.

During 2023, Supervielle Seguros consolidated its offers in the following products:

Protected Bag Insurance. Protected bag insurance is insurance for personal property contained in a bag, backpack, wallet, fanny pack or other bag that is either lost or stolen. Protected bag insurance can cover items such as cellular phones, makeup, planners, lost documents, keys and locks. In addition, protected bag insurance may cover a certain amount of charges from fraudulent credit card use as a result of a lost or stolen bag.

Personal Accident Insurance. Personal accident insurance covers policy holders in the event that they suffer an accident, subject to certain exclusions.

Broken Bones. The broken bones insurance covers death as result of an accident up to the amount of the insured capital. A certain amount will be paid in the event of quadriplegia or paraplegia, according to the respective insurance plan and once such condition

42

has been verified by a medical audit. This insurance also covers the simple breakage of bones produced as an immediate consequence of an accident.

Life Insurance. Supervielle Seguros markets its life insurance products to the Bank’s senior citizen customers and sells its products through its own sales force that works within the Bank’s branch network. The basic life insurance product includes coverage for death, and customers can add varying degrees of coverage for accidents, serious and terminal illnesses and transplants.

Home Insurance. Home insurance coverage includes fire insurance (building and content), theft of content, theft and damage of appliances, glass breakage, civil liability, personal accident coverage for domestic staff and home assistance service in cases of emergencies.

Technology Insurance. Technology insurance covers theft or accidental damage as a result of theft of electronic equipment (includes notebooks, cell phones, tablets, smartphones, cameras and GPSs). In case of theft or accidental damage as a result of theft, the cost of the stolen property or the cost of repair will be compensated up to the maximum insured amount (once the repair invoice is provided).

ATM Insurance. ATM insurance covers robbery at ATMs, death at the time of the assault and reimbursement of the costs of stolen documentation.

Protected Content. Protected content insurance covers theft and accidental damage of the personal effects that are inside a vehicle.

Integral insurance product for entrepreneurs and SME customers: Integral insurance product for entrepreneurs and SMEs customers completes the offer of services for our priority segment entrepreneurs and SMEs, with the particularity that is fully processed by Supervielle Seguros.

Other Insurance: pets insurance to cover accidents and illnesses, and bicycle insurante to cover theft of bycicles.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of Supervielle Seguros’s gross written premiums per quarter as of December 31, 2023.

Gross written premiums by product

(in millions of Pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 4th quarter |  | 3rd quarter |  | 2nd quarter |  | 1st quarter |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2023 | ​
Life insurance and total permanent disability insurance for debit balances | ​ | 0.6 | ​ | 2.3 | ​ | 2.7 | ​ | 2.8 | ​
Mortgage Insurance |  | 216.5 | ​ | 243.7 | ​ | 246.7 | ​ | 268.6 |
Personal Accident Insurance |  | 144.6 | ​ | 145.9 | ​ | 133.1 | ​ | 172.4 |
Protected Bag Insurance |  | 476.7 | ​ | 438.4 | ​ | 502.1 | ​ | 526.9 |
Broken Bones |  | 77.9 | ​ | 77.9 | ​ | 85.1 | ​ | 108.4 |
Others |  | 106.5 | ​ | 115.6 | ​ | 72.3 | ​ | 98.5 |
Home Insurance |  | 859.4 | ​ | 731.5 | ​ | 680.9 | ​ | 829.0 |
Technology Insurance |  | 371.9 | ​ | 325.1 | ​ | 336.6 | ​ | 474.5 |
ATM Insurance |  | 193.7 | ​ | 183.2 | ​ | 159.7 | ​ | 161.9 |
Life Insurance |  | 2,083.5 | ​ | 2,222.4 | ​ | 1,946.5 | ​ | 2,509.6 |
Total |  | 4,531.3 | ​ | 4,486.0 | ​ | 4,165.7 | ​ | 5,152.6 |

​

Asset Management and Other Services segment

Grupo Supervielle offers a variety of investment services to its customers, including mutual fund products through Supervielle Asset Management. Since May 2018, Supervielle also offers brokerage and investment products and services through IOL invertironline.

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SAM

Mutual Funds. SAM offers mutual funds services designed to meet customers’ particular investment objectives and risk profiles through its “Premier” funds family. As of December 31, 2023, assets under management reached Ps.512.5 billion increasing 329.7% in nominal terms from December 31, 2022.

The Premier funds family comprises a money market fund (Premier Renta Corto Plazo en Pesos), two short term fixed income funds in Pesos (Premier Renta Plus and Premier Renta Fija Ahorro), six fixed income and mixed income funds in Pesos (Premier Renta Fija Crecimiento, Premier Capital, Premier Commodities, Premier Inversión, Premier Balancead, Premier Estratégico and Premier Renta Mixta), two fixed income funds in U.S. dollars (Premier Renta Mixta en Dólares and Premier Performance), a variable income fund (Premier Renta Variable), two specific investment funds in assets issued by SMEs and ESG (Premier FCI Abierto Pymes and Premier Sustentable ASG, launched in 2023), a fixed income LatAm fund (Premier Global Dólares) and a close fund (Adblick Ganadería). These Premier funds family are offered to the public online.

During 2023, the volume of assets under management of our large corporate customers decreased in real terms. However, SMEs and institutional customers increased their investments in real terms. Regarding our product portfolio, at the end of 2022 we launched “Inversión rápida,” a simple way to invest and redeem the funds invested in the FCI Premier Money market fund as it allowed to credit these funds at any time during business days. We were the first bank to provide this service, which we expanded to non-business days in 2023.

IOL invertironline

IOL invertironline is a digital online broker that offers brokerage and savings and investment services based on an agile, simple, transparent and innovative platform, suitable for the profile of each client, with the objective of helping our clients increase their savings.

In 2023, we continued to adapt our specialized trading platform to improve user experience. Among the improvements implemented, we began to use artificial intelligence in customer service (improving response times and quality) and worked on call prioritization. We also continued to improve our IOL Mobile App which, at the end of 2023, reached almost 720,000 downloads both from Play Store and App Store, as compared to the 77,000 downloads recorded at the end of 2022. We added products that facilitate management, such as the one-click sale of MEP Dollars, bonds in pesos and the purchase of shares, bonds, CEDEARs and negotiable obligations. At the end of 2023, assets managed exceeded Ps. 653 billion and, according to the information provided by BYMA, in December 2023 we ranked third in terms of equity with a 4.64% share and fifth in terms of CEDEARs with a 6.45% market share. In 2023, we carried out more than 14 million transactions, we opened 916,000 accounts (with a monthly record of more than 93,000 accounts in October) and at the end of 2023 we had 483,580 active customers, more than 916,000 thousand accounts and a customer activity rate of 52.8%.

In 2023, we strengthened IOL Academy’s financial education proposal, increasing the offer of courses in line with our mission of democratizing access to financial education. In addition, we relaunched the Financial Education for Young People course together with the Sustainability team of Grupo Supervielle, which was delivered to more than 3,500 students free of charge and reviewed the basic contents on personal finance and the capital market in Argentina. The purpose of this training is to provide future generations with the necessary tools so that they can make informed financial decisions from the very beginning. Likewise, we continued to improve the quality of existing courses and programs, focusing on the script and guidance of students in discussion forums and community spaces.

Market Area

We maintain a strong geographic presence in the City of Buenos Aires and the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, which is Argentina’s most commercially significant and highly populated area, and we are leaders in terms of our banking network in some of Argentina’s most dynamic regions, including Mendoza. Moreover we are present across Argentina through our virtual and digital channels.

We are accelerating our transformation initiatives across channels to develop our omnichannel model. This includes developing a modern technological architecture, evolving our bank branch model and adding API capabilities to connect with third parties and prepare our business for open banking.

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As of the date of this annual report, we have 136 physical branches, 256 ATMs, 182 self-service terminals and 318 cash dispensers with biometric identification systems.

Argentina. Argentina is comprised by 23 provinces and the City of Buenos Aires. As of December 31, 2023, it had a population of approximately 46.7 million and a GDP per capita of approximately U.S.$15,500 As of December 31, 2023, the unemployment rate in Argentina was 5.7%. In terms of the banking sector, as of December 31, 2023 there were 63 banks and 4,414 bank branches across Argentina. During 2023, 92% of the households in Argentina had Internet access, which creates a favorable environment for the development of digital banking services.

City of Buenos Aires. The City of Buenos Aires is the capital of Argentina and the center of commerce and seat of the Argentine government. As of December 31, 2023, the City of Buenos Aires had a population of 3.1 million (approximately 7% of Argentina’s overall population) and was the richest city of Argentina. As of December 31, 2023, the unemployment rate in the City of Buenos Aires was 3.2%. In terms of the banking sector, there are 738 bank branches (out of a total of 4,414 bank branches in Argentina) in the City of Buenos Aires.

Province of Buenos Aires. The Province of Buenos Aires, which includes the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, is an agricultural center focused primarily on the production of soy, wheat, corn and other agricultural products. The Province of Buenos Aires had a population of approximately 18.0 million (approximately 39% of Argentina’s overall population) as of December 31, 2023 and concentrates a high portion of the agricultural activity. As of December 31, 2023, the unemployment rate in the Province of Buenos Aires was 7.4%. During the last decade, agricultural production has been strong as a result of high commodity prices which has contributed to Argentina’s economic growth. It is expected that agriculture production will continue to be a key driver of economic growth in Argentina in the coming years. In terms of the banking sector, there are 1,420 bank branches (out of a total of 4,414 bank branches in Argentina) in the Province of Buenos Aires.

Mendoza. The Province of Mendoza is located in the Cuyo region and is the center of the wine industry in Argentina. Mendoza has a population of approximately 2.0 million (approximately 4.4% of Argentina’s overall population) as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the unemployment rate in Mendoza was 4.3%. In terms of the banking sector, there are 167 bank branches (out of a total of 4,414 bank branches in Argentina) in Mendoza.

San Luis. The Province of San Luis is located in the Cuyo region. San Luis had a population of approximately 527,000 (approximately 1.1% of Argentina’s overall population) as of December 31, 2023. The primary industries in the Province of San Luis are agricultural production and tourism. As of December 31, 2023, the unemployment rate in the Province of San Luis was 1.8%. In terms of the banking sector, there are 43 bank branches (out of a total of 4,414 bank branches in Argentina) in the Province of San Luis.

Bank Distribution Network

Bank branches

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In 2023, we advanced the transformation of 26 branches, with a total of 52 offices transformed since the start of the transformation process. The objectives of this transformation plan are (i) to increase our presence in the SME segment by including services to small and medium-sized companies in service branches that were exclusively dedicated to the senior citizens segment, and (ii) to continue to expand “Espacio 24,” where our customers can make cash withdrawals and deposits during and after banking hours.

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In 2023, we increased the number of self-service machines, reaching 282 in Espacio 24 out of 318 in all branches. These machines allow customers to obtain balance inquiries, request personal loans and withdraw cash using fingerprints. Almost 76% of our 178 self-service terminals are located in Espacio 24 in addition to 256 ATMs that form part of our network. In line with global consumer trends where customers seek little direct interaction with the banks, in 2023 we advanced the consolidation of 20 branches to optimize operations without neglecting our proximity to customers.

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Virtual Hub

One of the most innovative launches of 2022 was our Virtual Branches system, which combines different digital channels, leveraged on a robust technological infrastructure that provides a high level of security, with the service of more than 100 especially trained executives. In 2022, we expanded our Virtual Branches footprint, reaching areas where we do not have physical presence. In 2023, we extended our service hours, which currently run from Monday to Friday, from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. (Buenos Aires time), and installed the role of Concurrent Executive (“Ejecutivo Concurrente”) in 98 branches to enable us to assist clients in person and virtually. Our Virtual Branches system offers the following services:

● | Video call: We provide 100% virtual customer service through a representative who answers queries, solves claims or receives loan applications. The option is available both in cash dispensers and in Online Individuals and Business Banking and in our apps for Individuals and Senior Citizens.

● | Human Chat: We answer the most frequent questions from our customers through a Chat Bot and refer customers to personalized service, if required. In 2022, we developed this channel with the incorporation of a mix of Artificial Intelligence and Language provided by an Amazon Web Services (AWS) solution.

● | Online Banking and Mobile Banking: We continued to improve the experience of our online and mobile banking users for friendlier and safer interactions.

Deposits – General Overview

The following charts set forth the breakdown of our deposits by type of account and customer category as of December 31, 2023.

Our main source of funds is the Bank’s deposit base.

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As of December 31, 2023, non- or low-cost demand total deposits (including private and public-sector deposits) represented 27% of Grupo Supervielle’s total deposits, 16.3% of which corresponded to savings accounts and 10.8% to checking accounts. As of December 31, 2022, non- or low-cost demand total deposits (including private and public-sector deposits) represented 29.1% of Grupo Supervielle’s total deposits, 16.9% of which corresponded to savings accounts and 12.2% to checking accounts. The current highly inflationary environment is driving customers to increasingly invest their transactional funds in the Company’s money market funds to protect the value of their income, which is reflected in the growing number of customers using “Inversion Rápida.”

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The following tables compare the composition of the Bank’s (on a consolidated basis) total funding with those of all Argentine private banks’ in each case as of December 31, 2023:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, 2023 |
Liabilities and Shareholders equity | ​ | Banco Supervielle | ​ | Private Banks | ​
​ | ​ | (in millions | ​ | ​ | ​ | (in millions | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | of Pesos) | ​ | % | ​ | of Pesos) | ​ | % | ​
Deposits | ​ | 1,548,928.1 | ​ | 75.3 | % | 36,170,310.9 | ​ | 81.3 | %
Other Liabilities & Shareholders equity | ​ | 509,079.9 |  | 24.7 | % | 8,325,930.8 | ​ | 18.7 | %
Total | ​ | 2,058,008.0 |  | ​ | ​ | 44,496,241.7 | ​ | ​ | ​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, 2023 |
Deposits Breakdown | ​ | Banco Supervielle | ​ | Private Banks |
​ | ​ | (in millions | ​ | ​ | ​ | (in millions | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | of Pesos) | ​ | % | ​ | of Pesos) | ​ | % | ​
Checking accounts | ​ | 138,589.5 | ​ | 8.9 | % | 8,115,401.5 | ​ | 22.4 | %
Saving Accounts(1) |  | 253,080.8 |  | 16.3 | % | 16,517,558.9 |  | 45.7 | %
Time deposits |  | 177,192.3 |  | 11.4 | % | 7,364,463.9 |  | 20.4 | %
Other deposits |  | 980,065.5 |  | 63.3 | % | 4,172,886.6 |  | 11.5 | %
Total |  | 1,548,928.1 |  | ​ |  | 36,170,310.9 |  |  | ​

(1) | Includes special checking accounts

Loan Portfolio – General Overview

Each loan category in our loan portfolio faces different risks. We have established underwriting policies, standards and pricing mechanisms designed to mitigate the risks posed by each loan category. As of December 31, 2023, we had a loan portfolio of Ps.498.1 billion (equivalent to U.S.$616 million converted to U.S. dollars at the reference exchange rate as of December 31, 2023). As of December 31, 2023, we had a loan portfolio and off balance sheet guarantees of Ps.609.6 billion (equivalent to U.S.$754 million converted to U.S. dollars at the reference exchange rate as of December 31, 2023).

​

The following charts set forth the breakdown of our loan portfolio by segment, and of the specific customer categories in our corporate banking and retail segments as of December 31, 2023.

​

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| (1) | For information since January 1, 2023, the term “small businesses” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales up to Ps.500 million, the term “SMEs” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales over Ps. 500 million and below Ps.5 billion, the term “middle-market and large companies” refers to companies with annual sales over Ps.5 billion.

Underwriting Policies

Our policies require that most loans only be approved for borrowers that are able to provide proof of a source of repayment and demonstrate an ability to service existing and future debt. Our underwriting procedures for all loan types require consideration of the borrower, including with respect to the borrower’s financial condition, cash flow, the management skills and industry of our corporate customers, and the economic environment surrounding the issuance of any given loan.

We generally expect customers to repay loans with unencumbered cash available to them. A significant part of our loan portfolio is secured, and we assess the quality and liquidity of collateral before we grant any secured loan.

Interest Rate Terms

We price loans: (i) on both a fixed rate and floating rate basis; (ii) over different terms; and (iii) based upon different rate indices. Our pricing structures are consistent with our interest rate risk management policies and procedures. For more information on these policies and procedures. See “—Loan portfolio - Credit Risk Management.”

Loans to individuals (personal loans, credit card loans, car loans and mortgages) are priced only on a fixed rate basis. UVA Mortgage loans and some UVA car loans principal is adjusted for inflation. Loans to small businesses and SMEs are priced on both a fixed rate and floating rate basis as follows:

| ● | Fixed rate: promissory notes (checking and invoice discounts, work certificates for government projects and warrants), overdrafts, foreign trade loans, automobile, personal loans and mortgages with adjustable principal, based on inflation.

| ● | Floating rate: automobile and other secured loans, receivables from financial leases.

| ● | Both rates: corporate unsecured loans.

Risks

Below we list our loan categories from lowest risk to highest risk in terms of repayment ability and historical default rates:

| (1) | Promissory notes (with recourse to the assignor), Warrants - Commodities

| (2) | Foreign trade loans

| (3) | Mortgage loans

| (4) | Receivables from financial leases

| (5) | Promissory notes (without recourse to the assignor), Warrants – Others

| (6) | Automobile and other secured loans

| (7) | Corporate credit cards

| (8) | Corporate unsecured loans

| (9) | Overdrafts

| (10) | Personal loans and credit card loans (from the Personal and Business Banking segment)

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Promissory Notes (factoring and check discounting and warrants)

Factoring and check discounting. Check discounting is used to finance working capital needs for businesses that have a diversified accounts receivable portfolio and customers or parties that issue checks and have a favorable credit history. Most of our check discounting transactions are with recourse to the assignor (i.e., we secure repayment with a pledge over an assignment of the borrower’s cash flow). However, some of our check discounting transactions are without recourse to the assignor, in which case we only have recourse to the endorser of the check. With respect to our operations with recourse, we evaluate the creditworthiness of both the assignor and the endorser of the check, specifically assessing each party’s payment history, credit history and legal history by requiring a variety of documents to help us in our underwriting process. We accept checks that are issued in the ordinary course of business from the customer with a payment date generally no longer than 180 days.

Warrants. Warrants are granted to finance working capital needs for producers or sellers of commodities or non-commodities such as sugar, soy, wheat, corn, sunflower, peanuts, cotton and yerba mate. We take collateral in respect of the warrants for at least 20% to 50% in excess of the value of the products and its liquidity in the event of an execution, depending on the type of product. The most significant risk we face when extending warrant financing relates to the quality and preservation of the underlying assets. To mitigate this risk, we select third-party companies to assess and monitor the value and quality of the underlying products. These third-party companies have been approved by our credit committee.

Foreign Trade Loans

Foreign trade loans are granted to finance exports and imports through pre-financing and financing loans for exports, international factoring and letters of credit for imports.

In the case of pre-financing and financing loans for exports, we analyze the repayment ability of both the borrower and its foreign client. Specifically, we ensure that the credit line that we grant is tailored to the borrower’s historical export levels and projected export levels (based on contracts, purchase orders and other documentation). We generally grant pre-financing and financing loans for exports with terms ranging from 90 to 180 days, depending on the transaction and such loans are solely denominated in U.S. dollars. Interest rates for pre-financing and financing loans for exports depend on the term of the loan and market conditions.

In the case of letters of credit for imports, generally, letters do not exceed one year and our customers pay certain fees related to these letters instead of interest. We face at least two different type of risks in connection with these letters of credit. First, the risk related to the obligation of payment in the event that the borrower defaults. Second, the risk that the borrower is not allowed to operate at the Mercado Único y Libre de Cambios. To mitigate these risks, we ensure that the bank service is granted once the merchandise to be imported can be shipped (this is once the operation is active) and before the issuance of the letter of credit and the related disbursement of the loan, we request importers to submit all the authorizations granted by the state authorities on such import purchase to ensure at due date such letter of credit is payable.

Mortgage Loans

The Bank set a fixed interest rate on these loans, but the remaining capital is adjusted on a monthly basis according to the UVA monthly evolution. Therefore, the loan has index-linked capital payments (the value of the capital and the installment is updated by inflation). These loans were originated during the period between 2016 and 2018, when UVA mortgage loans were granted by Argentine banks, and some of these loans remain outstanding as of the date of this annual report.

Receivables from Financial Leases

Our financial leases are granted for financing acquisitions of capital assets, industrial equipment, road equipment and automobiles. The terms of these loans are typically between 18 and 60 months, varying based on the type of product or equipment and the useful life of such product or equipment.

The primary source of repayment for this product is cash flows from the borrower, and, therefore, we evaluate the borrower’s repayment ability before granting such loans. We also evaluate the type of asset for which the financial lease is granted in the event the borrower is unable to repay the loan. If the borrower is unable to repay the loan, we may sell the asset to recover all or part of the outstanding amount of the loan.

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The primary risk associated with our financial leases is that the borrower may default on the loan and the collateral may be insufficient to recover the outstanding amount of the loan. We mitigate this risk by: (i) granting financial leases in respect of new assets that have historically shown adequate resale values, (ii) requiring a down payment of 10% to 30% (depending on the repayment ability of the customer); and (iii) for certain types of assets, requiring a commitment from the supplier of the asset to buy or find a buyer for the asset in the event of the borrower’s default. We set floating or fix interest rates for our financial leases based on prevailing market rates.

Automobile and Other Secured Loans

We grant secured loans to finance automobile purchases. The maximum amount of our automobile loans is Ps.23,400,000 with a maximum term of 60 months. Before granting this automobile and other secured loans, we evaluate a customer’s ability to meet monthly payment obligations by taking into account the prospective borrower’s earnings, minimum credit rating and financial and legal background. We also require that the vehicle serve as collateral in the event of a payment default by the borrower. We set interest rates based on the term of the automobile loan and a loan-to-value ratio ranging from 40% to 75% of the value of the vehicle at the time of sale.

Corporate Unsecured Loans

Corporate Financial Loans. Our corporate financial loans finance short term working capital needs of up to one year or medium-term working capital needs of up to three years for businesses that require monthly or periodic amortization. These loans are granted to customers with annual revenues in excess of Ps.10 billion. We evaluate the customer’s repayment ability using the general criteria and analysis for corporate customers. We also analyze the following factors: the shareholders and management of the borrower, the financial and economic environment, regulatory risk and projected cash flow for the entire period during which the loan will be outstanding to ensure that the borrower will be able to comply with the scheduled payments under the loan. We take into account the potential effects that economic variables such as exchange rate volatility and inflation could have on projected cash flow. We set either a floating or fixed interest rate for our corporate financial loans based on the creditworthiness of the borrower’s business and the term of the loan.

Loans to Small Businesses. Our loans to small businesses are originated at the Bank’s branches based on a policy that requires adequate credit and legal history, a minimum credit score and a certain level of revenues. Our loans to small businesses finance the working capital needs of businesses with annual revenues of up to Ps.1.5 billion. The Bank’s branches may grant up to Ps.63 million of unsecured loans and Ps.230 million of factoring transactions and financial leases, and any excess amount must be evaluated by the Bank’s specialized credit analysis unit. We set either a floating or fixed interest rate for our loans to small businesses based on the creditworthiness of the borrower’s business and the term of the loan. The interest rates for our loans to small business are generally higher than the interest rates for our corporate financial loans reflecting the difference in size and revenues of the businesses.

Overdrafts

We grant overdrafts to businesses to finance working capital needs and ordinary course business activity. We assess whether the borrower has the ability to meet its payment obligations over a maximum 180-day period, placing an emphasis on the borrower’s line of business. Businesses with operations that do not produce short-term revenues or with cyclical operations generally must seek other types of financing. We are able to anticipate a customer’s ability to repay overdrafts by analyzing daily accounts payable, accounts receivable, credits and fluctuations. We set interest rates for our overdrafts on a monthly basis.

Personal Loans and Credit Card Loans (within the Personal and Business Banking segment)

Our Personal and Business Banking segment originates loans based on scoring systems and policies specifically tailored to our Plan Sueldo services, pension and retiree services and general clientele. For a detailed discussion of the Bank’s credit application process, credit monitoring and review process and the risks associated with personal loans and credit card loans. See “—Credit Policy—Banco Supervielle S.A.”

Retail banking in Argentina is heavily regulated, including with respect to maximum interest rates and fees. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Liquidity and Solvency Requirements—Interest Rate and Fee Regulations.” We tailor our policies related to issuing and granting loans and credit to comply with these regulations.

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The maximum amount of our personal loans is Ps.25 million, while the average loan as of December 31, 2023 was Ps.139,000. The average term of our personal loans as of December 31, 2023 was 35 months, with a maximum of 72 months. The loans are granted at a fixed rate and are paid back in monthly installments and amortized based on the French amortization system, which consists of equal monthly installments amortized in a manner in which (i) interest payments are higher at the beginning of the loan and decrease over the life of the loan, while (ii) principal payments are lower at the beginning of the loan and increase over the life of the loan.

Loan portfolio - Credit Risk Management

We define credit risk as the risk that arises from losses and/or a decline in the value of our assets as a result of our borrowers or counterparties defaulting on or not complying with their obligations. Credit risk includes any event that may cause a decline in the present value of a loan, but does not necessarily require the counterparty’s default. This risk also encompasses liquidity risk, which exists whenever a financial transaction cannot be completed or generate liquidity in accordance with an agreement. The magnitude of credit risk losses hinges upon two factors:

| ● | the amount of exposure at the time of the default; and

| ● | the amounts recovered by the Bank based on the payments received from the borrower and the execution of risk mitigation policies, such as guarantees that may limit losses.

With regard to risk appetite, the credit risk management is the process that leads to the identification, measurement or evaluation, mitigation and monitoring or follow-up of the risk, as considered in the entire credit cycle, since its origin until collection, recovery or loss, and in case of non-compliance. Likewise, the definition of the Bank’s risk appetite is generated through the development and monitoring of indicators, with their respective thresholds and limits for credit risk.

Our credit risk management policies also monitor concentration risk. This risk arises when the concentration of exposure has the capacity to generate enough losses (relating to results of operations, minimum capital requirements, assets or global risk levels) to impact the entity’s financial strength or capacity to maintain its operations and significantly change the entity’s risk profile. In 2020 we developed and implemented a portfolio limits policy to fix maximum portfolio concentration ratios based on economic sectors and customer credit rating. Economic sectors were classified as Very High, High, Mid and Low, according to their risk perception. These sectors are regularly monitored to confirm or change the classification according to their evolution. Moreover, we implemented currency limits in the different product and segments to reduce exposure to foreign currency. Since October 2022, we incorporated a module into portfolio limits that monitors the portfolio under the socio-environmental risk policy. This module allows us to classify SMEs and Corporates clients into high, medium and low risk based on their economic activities. While low and medium risks have no limits, high risk cannot exceed 5% of the total loan portfolio.

Our Board of Directors approves credit risk policies and strategies presented by the Risk Management Committee, in consultation with the Credit team, the Legal Affairs team and the Corporate Banking team, and in accordance with Central Bank regulations. The Bank’s credit risk policies and strategies seek to develop commercial opportunities and business plans, while maintaining a prudent level of risk. The credit policy is tailored to corporations and individuals from every segment.

The pillars of the Bank’s credit policy are based on an analysis of the client’s cash flow and its repayment capacity.

The Bank focuses on supporting companies belonging to sectors with great potential which tend to be successful in their activity. Within the range of credit products offered for the corporate business segment, the Bank aims to develop and lead the factoring and leasing market, as well as being leader in foreign trade.

Within the corporate banking segment, we seek to have a solid proposal for the SMEs and middle-market companies seeking to maintain proximity with customers through customer service centers, agreements with customers throughout their value chain and providing agile responses through existing credit processes.

With regard to individuals, in addition to the payroll customers and senior citizens, the retail banking is specially focused on entrepreneurs and SMEs as well as the Identité customers We believe that loan portfolio diversification is a staple of the Bank’s credit risk management objective of distributing risk appropriately by economic segment, client type and loan amount. The same importance is given to the risk mitigation mechanisms that ensure adequate risk coverage, such as the use of credit instruments in the corporate

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segment that cover substantial amounts of the loan. Finally, we continuously use early detection processes to monitor the performance of the loan portfolio.

Credit Risk Measuring Models

The Bank relies on several models that estimate the distribution of possible losses arising out of the loan portfolio to calculate expected losses and minimum capital requirements. These models include:

| ● | Credit risk measurement models. The Bank’s models estimate distribution of possible loan portfolio losses, which depend on counterparties’ default (probability of default (“PD”)), as well as the exposure assumed with them (EAD—Exposure at the time of default) and the proportion of each unfulfilled loan that the entity is able to recover (Loss in the event of default (“LGD”)). Based on these parameters, the expected loss (“PE”) and economic capital are estimated. As a result of this, a methodological and developmental plan has been developed in order to calculate the RAROC at Banco Supervielle S.A. in order to optimize the management linked to Credit Risk.

| ● | Expected Losses Calculation. This is calculated based on the results of the PD, EAD and LGD models. The expected loss calculation analyzes portfolio information to estimate the average value of loss distributions for a one year time horizon in the case of performing loans and for a lifetime horizon in the case of underperforming or non-performing loans.

| ● | Minimum Capital Requirement Calculation. This is represented by the difference between the portfolio’s risk value and expected losses within a 99.9% confidence interval for individuals and 99.0% confidence interval for corporate customers. We have two minimum capital requirement models (one for corporate customers and one for individuals), which include the economic capital required for our concentration risk and securitization risk.

We assess on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses associated to our financial assets measured at amortized cost, debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts that are not measured at fair value.

For the purposes of estimating the impairment amount, and in accordance with its internal policies, we classify its financial instruments (financial assets, commitments and guarantees) measured at amortized cost or fair value through other comprehensive income in one of the following categories:

| ● | Normal Risk (“Stage 1”): includes all instruments that have not experienced a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition and is not purchased or originated credit impaired.

| ● | Normal risk under watchlist (“Stage 2”): includes all instruments that, have experienced significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition but are not yet deemed credit-impaired.

| ● | Doubtful Risk (“Stage 3”): includes financial instruments, overdue or not, which are considered to be credit impaired. Likewise, loan commitments or financial guarantees whose payment is probable and their recovery doubtful are considered to be in Stage 3.

Significant increase in credit risk

We consider a financial instrument to have experienced a significant increase in credit risk when at least one of the following conditions per segment exists:

Individuals and Businesses

1.Portfolios between 31 and 90 days past due;

2.The credit application score has deteriorated by more than 30% with respect to the current performance score;

3.Score of behavior less than accepted cut off (High Income Customers: Plan Sueldo segment (payrroll customers) >=400, Open Market Segment >=700 and Senior Citizens Segment>=600. Other customers: Plan Sueldo Segment (payrroll customers) >=500, Open Market Segment >=700 and Senior Citizens Segment >=600)

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Corporate Banking

1.Portfolios between 31 and 90 days past due

2.Maximum Argentine Central Bank a situation equal to 2

3.Credit Ratings C (Probability of default higher than 30%)

4.Its rating deteriorated by more than two notes from its credit approval rating.

Sectoral Analysis

Considering that the internal impairment models are estimated with historical information, the risk of non-compliance of the companies is evaluated by type of activity based on the degree of affectation that they have due to the current economic situation, taking into account their characteristics and seasonality, among others. Additionally, the different activities that make up the Bank’s portfolio are classified into four types of risk. They are:

| 1. | Low risk

| 2. | Medium risk

| 3. | High risk

| 4. | Very high risk

The evaluation of significant credit increases and the calculation of ECL include prospective information. Grupo Supervielle carried out a historical analysis and identified key economic variable that affect the credit risk and expected credit losses for each portfolio. Forecasts of these economic variables (“base economic scenario”) are provided on a six-month basis by the research team at the Bank and offer a better estimated outlook of the economy for the next 12 months. The impact of such economic variables on DP and LGD resulted from the statistic regression analysis to understand the impact the changes in these variables has had historically on default rates and LGD components. In addition to the base economic scenario, the research team also provides two potential scenarios together with scenario analysis. The number of other scenarios is defined in accordance with the analysis of the main products to ensure the lineal effect between the future economic scenario and related expected credit losses. The number of scenarios and its features are re-evaluated on a six-month basis, except a situation occurs in the macroeconomic framework that justifies a greater regularity.

Grupo Supervielle considers the following variables for estimating expected credit losses on the different scenarios:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Parameter |  | Segment |  | Macroeconomic Indicators
Probability of Default |  | Personal and Business Banking |  | Exchange rate, Inflation, Wage increase, Economic Activity Estimate, Real Badlar rate
​ |  | Corporate Banking |  | Inflation, Wage increase, Real Badlar rate, Activity Indicator
​ |  | Consumer Finance |  | Private Sector Wages, Private sector employment, exchange rate
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loss Given Default |  | All |  | Inflation, Wage increase, Activity Indicator, Exchange rate

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Atomization of the loan portfolio

As a result of our risk management policies, we have a diversified loan portfolio. As of December 31, 2023, the top 10, 50 and 100 borrowers represented 38%, 28% and 11%, respectively, of our total loan portfolio, which shows a slight decrease in the diversification of our loan portfolio, compared to December 2022.

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Atomization of the loan portfolio

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loan portfolio atomization |  | 4Q23 |  | 3Q23 |  | 2Q23 |  | 1Q23 |  | 4Q22 |
%Top10 |  | 11 | % | 10 | % | 8 | % | 8 | % | 8 | %
%Top50 |  | 28 | % | 25 | % | 22 | % | 22 | % | 21 | %
%Top100 |  | 38 | % | 34 | % | 30 | % | 30 | % | 29 | %

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Loan Portfolio breakdown by economic activity

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Ps. Change YoY | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
(In millions) |  | Business Sector |  | Dec 31, 2023 Share |  | Dec 31, 2022 Share | ​
75,284 |  | Families and individuals |  | 31.3 | % | 46.4 | %
55,894 |  | Agribusiness |  | 12.1 | % | 7.6 | %
27,690 | ​ | Food & Beverages | ​ | 7.8 | % | 8.2 | %
29,447 | ​ | Utilities | ​ | 6.4 | % | 4.0 | %
18,992 | ​ | Wine | ​ | 4.7 | % | 4.0 | %
12,763 | ​ | Automobile | ​ | 3.2 | % | 2.9 | %
7,748 | ​ | Construction & Public works | ​ | 2.6 | % | 3.3 | %
11,598 |  | Sugar Industry |  | 2.3 | % | 1.1 | %
10,157 |  | Machinery & Equipment |  | 2.2 | % | 1.5 | %
9,300 |  | Pharmaceutical |  | 2.2 | % | 1.7 | %
7,856 |  | Chemicals & plastics |  | 2.2 | % | 2.2 | %
9,872 |  | Oil, Gas & Mining |  | 2.2 | % | 1.4 | %
9,730 |  | Textile |  | 2.0 | % | 1.0 | %
8,547 |  | IT & Communications |  | 2.0 | % | 1.4 | %
8,347 |  | Financials |  | 1.8 | % | 1.2 | %
5,051 |  | Transport |  | 1.8 | % | 2.4 | %
6,835 |  | Home appliance |  | 1.6 | % | 1.3 | %
3,554 | ​ | Health | ​ | 1.2 | % | 1.5 | %
3,862 | ​ | Retailer | ​ | 1.0 | % | 1.0 | %
43,828 |  | Others |  | 9.3 | % | 5.7 | %

​

Collateralized Loan Portfolio

As of December 31, 2023, 32% of the total commercial loan portfolio was collateralized, while 33% of the commercial non-performing loans portfolio was collateralized (compared to 76% as of December 31, 2022).

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Entrepreneurs & | ​ | SMEs & Middle | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loan portfolio collaterall |  | Small Businesses |  | Market |  | Large |  | Total |
Collateralized Portfolio | ​ | 37 | % | 46 | % | 28 | % | 32 | %
Unsecured Portfolio |  | 63 | % | 54 | % | 72 | % | 68 | %

​

Regarding the Personal and Business Banking portfolio, loans to payroll and pension clients as of December 31, 2023, represented 53% of the total loan portfolio to individuals in the segment.

Credit Policy

a)Banco Supervielle S.A.

Credit Application Process

The credit approval process is designed to facilitate an accurate risks analysis, expedient decisions and complete support information.

Potential customers are interviewed and asked to submit documentation to efficiently evaluate risk. The Credit department performs a risk evaluation using computer software and issues an opinion on the requested assistance. If credit assistance is deemed feasible, the customer’s application is submitted for approval at the appropriate level, pursuant to credit authority guidelines and depending on the facility amount requested, the term and security.

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Applications by prospective retail customers and small businesses are analyzed using an electronic application. Prospective corporate customers are evaluated on a case-by-case basis. There are no pre-approved lines of credit, except for individuals who may obtain a pre-approved line of credit based on their maximum debt burden ratio.

Credit Monitoring and Review Process

It is the Bank’s policy to continually track and monitor risk in order to anticipate or foresee changes in the macroeconomic environment and anomalies that may affect the course of customers’ activities and the repayment of loans. The Credit Risk department traces alert indicators for signals that may affect credit collection. Signals could be late payments of more than 30 days, alerts from credit bureaus, lawsuits from third parties, customers or suppliers and bounced checks. Action plans are in place to anticipate or mitigate potential nonperformance situations. The Credit Risk department tracks alert indicators by:

| ● | analyzing loan portfolio evolution;

| ● | verifying compliance with credit regulatory requirements;

| ● | reviewing the factoring portfolio on a daily basis by operation, maturity, concentration, direct and indirect risk;

| ● | verifying and analyzing customer arrears;

| ● | detecting market alerts, customer behavior in the market and the financial system, lawsuits, etc.;

| ● | proposing action plans;

| ● | involving the senior credit committee or junior credit committee as applicable;

| ● | reporting customer alerts to officials and managers; and

| ● | establishing allowances for estimated loan losses.

Credit Approval Process

The following chart describes the levels of approval for the different types of loans:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Credit Approval Limit
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (in millions of Pesos)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | A- or > |  | BB+ or > | ​ | BB or <
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total Maximum
​ |  | ​ |  | Approval Limit
Senior Committee |  | Chief Risk Officer (as Chairman of the Committee); |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ |  | CEO (as Vice chairman of the Committee); | ​ | Limitless | ​ | Limitless | ​ | Limitless
​ |  | Deputy CEO | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Executive Manager. Middle-market & corporates; | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Head of Corporate Banking; | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Manager of SMEs business | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Head of Treasury and Global Markets; | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Junior Committee |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​ |  |
​ |  | Chief Risk Officer (as Chairman of the Committee); |  | 3,500 | ​ | 3,500 |  | 3,500
​ |  | Deputy CEO | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Manager of SMEs business; | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Executive Manager. Middle-market & corporates; | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Manager Corporate Banking Bs Aires and Interior; | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Manager | ​ | ​ |  | 2,000 | ​ | 2,000 |  | 2,000
Team Leaders | ​ | ​ |  | 800 | ​ | 570 |  | NA
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Relationship officers | ​ | ​ |  | 500 | ​ | 300 |  | NA

​

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Recovery Process

The Bank’s Recovery Area handles the collection of past due credits. Collections are handled by different units for individual and corporate customers.

With respect to individual customers, the Recovery Area begins a collection process when credits become past due by three days. The recovery team issues automatic notice actions from the third to the eighth past due days in order to warn the customers. After this period, the collection of the overdue credit is handled by a third-party collection agency. After 150 days, the Recovery Area determines whether the past due credit should be sent to a different collection agency or it made subject to legal proceedings.

In the case of corporate clients and SMEs, payment defaults are analyzed on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the loan amount and the number of days in arrears, among other factors. The Recovery Department can participate in out-of-court and judicial settlement negotiations and approve debtor payment proposals in amounts for up to Ps.50 million.

Cybersecurity; Information Security; Data Protection

See “Item 16.K. Cybersecurity.”

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Competition

Over the last decade, and increasingly over the past three years, traditional banks have accelerated their digital transformation processes in order to adapt to the current environment where competition has been intensified by the disruption of fintech platforms which have entered the financial markets offering innovative digital business models, new business opportunities and new usage options. In many cases, traditional banks have combined digital banking systems with traditional baking systems to offer to their customers the advantages of both systems. In addition, certain traditional banks have created digital banking systems which operate separately from the traditional banking systems. During 2023, traditional banks continued to make progress on the development of digital capabilities and certain indicators show improvements in terms of digital adoption and customer experience.

Traditional Banking

The Argentine financial system remains highly fragmented compared to the rest of Latin America. As of December 31, 2023, the Argentine financial system had 77 financial entities, of which 63 were banks, of which 13 were public banks and 50 private banks. In terms of bank ownership, as of December 31, 2023, the percentage of banks controlled by the Argentine government was 21%, the percentage of banks controlled by Argentine private entities was 56%, the percentage of banks controlled by foreign financial entities was 14%, and branches of foreign financial entities represented 9%. As of December 31, 2023, the number of financial companies operating in this segment was 14.

According to the information published by the Central Bank, as of December 31, 2023 we were one of the top 10 private banks in the Argentine financial system in terms of outstanding amount of loans and deposits. In terms of deposits, we had an estimated market share of 2.6% of daily average deposits in 2023, ranking ninth among the total private banks in the Argentine financial system. In terms of total loans, we had an estimated market share of 2.4% as of daily average loans in 2023, ranking eighth among the total private banks in the Argentine financial system.

The Bank faces a high degree of competition in virtually all core financial products with respect to pricing (interest rate or fee) and term. The Bank’s strategy to face this competition is to maintain aggressive business policies, to differentiate its product offering and customer service from other financial institutions, and to redesign its processes in order to achieve greater sales productivity.

Notwithstanding this competitive challenge, our growth strategy, both organic and through acquisitions, has resulted in an increase in our financial system market share since 2005, according to the information published by the Central Bank. Taking into consideration total loan portfolio and receivables from financial leases portfolio, total loans and leasing market share was 2.4% in 2023 compared to 0.1% as of December 31, 2001.

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Mutual Funds

With respect to the mutual fund market, based on the Chamber of Mutual Funds information we estimate that our market share was 1.9% as of December 31, 2023, and that SAM is ranked 21 out of 56 managers in the industry. Our main competitors are Galicia Administradora de Fondos S.A.S.G.F.C.I., Macro Fondos S.G.F.C.I.S.A., ICBC Investments S.A.S.G.F.C.I., Francés Administradora de Inversiones S.A.G.F.C.I.,HSBC Administradora de Inversiones S.A.S.G.F.C.I., BNP Paribas Asset Management Arg S.A.S.G.F.C.I. and Santander Río Asset Management G.F.C.I.S.A.

Online trading broker

IOL invertironline is our digital online broker. In December, 2023, IOL invertironline ranked third in the ByMA exchange ranking on Equity and fifth in CEDEARs (Certificado de Depósito Argentinos), according to the information published by ByMA. IOL invertironline’s main competitors are Allaria S.A., Buenos Aires Valores S.A., SBS Trading S.A., Latin Securities S.A., Balanz S.A.U., Bull Market S.A. and Invertir en Bolsa S.A.

Argentine Banking Regulation Overview

Founded in 1935, the Central Bank is the principal monetary and financial authority in Argentina. Its mission is to promote monetary and financial stability, employment and economic development with social equity. It operates pursuant to its charter, which was amended in 2012 by Law No. 26,739 and the provisions of the FIL. Under the terms of its charter, the Central Bank must operate independently from the Argentine government.

Since 1977, banking activities in Argentina have been regulated primarily by the FIL, which empowers the Central Bank to regulate the financial sector. The Central Bank regulates and supervises the Argentine banking system through the Superintendency. The Superintendency is responsible for enforcing Argentina’s banking laws, establishing accounting and financial reporting requirements for the banking sector, monitoring and regulating the lending practices of financial institutions and establishing rules for participation of financial institutions in the foreign exchange market and the issuance of bonds and other securities, among other functions.

The powers of the Central Bank include the authority to fix the monetary base, set interest rates, establish minimum capital, liquidity and solvency requirements, regulate credit, approve bank mergers, approve certain capital increases and transfers of stock, grant and revoke banking licenses, and to authorize the establishment of branches of foreign financial institutions in Argentina and the extension of financial assistance to financial institutions in cases of temporary liquidity or solvency problems.

The Central Bank establishes certain technical ratios that must be observed by financial entities, such as ration related to levels of solvency, liquidity, the maximum credit that may be granted per customer and foreign exchange assets and liability positions.

In addition, financial entities need the authorization from the Central Bank forcertain actions, such as opening or changing branches or ATMs, acquiring share interests in other financial or non-financial corporations and establishing liens over their assets, among others.

As supervisor of the financial system, the Central Bank requires financial institutions to submit information on a daily, monthly, quarterly, semiannual and annual basis. These reports, which include balance sheets and income statements, information related to reserve funds, use of deposits, classifications of portfolio quality (including details on principal debtors and any allowances for loan losses), compliance with capital requirements and any other relevant information, allow the Central Bank to monitor the business practices of financial entities. In order to confirm the accuracy of the information provided, the Central Bank is authorized to carry out inspections.

If the Central Bank’s rules are not complied with, various sanctions may be imposed by the Superintendency, depending on the level of infringement. These sanctions range from a notice of non-compliance to the imposition of fines or, in extreme cases, the revocation of the financial entity’s operating license. Additionally, non-compliance with certain rules may result in the compulsory filing of specific adequacy or restructuring plans with the Central Bank. These plans must be approved by the Central Bank to permit the financial institution to remain in business.

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Banking Regulation and Supervision

Central Bank Supervision

Since September 1994, the Central Bank has supervised the Argentine financial institutions on a consolidated basis. Such institutions must file periodic consolidated financial statements that reflect the operations of head offices or parent companies, as well as those of their branches in Argentina and abroad, and of their significant subsidiaries, whether domestic or foreign. Accordingly, requirements in relation to liquidity and solvency, minimum capital, risk concentration and loan loss provisions, among others, should be calculated on a consolidated basis.

Permitted Activities and Investments

The FIL governs any individuals and entities that perform habitual financial intermediation and, as such, are part of the financial system, including commercial banks, investment banks, mortgage banks, financial companies, savings and loan companies for residential purposes and credit unions. Except for commercial banks, which are authorized to conduct all financial activities and services that are specifically established by law or by regulations of the Central Bank, the activities that may be carried out by Argentine financial entities are set forth in the FIL and related Central Bank regulations. Commercial banks are allowed to perform any and all financial activities inasmuch as such activities are not forbidden by law. Some of the activities permitted for commercial banks include the ability to (i) receive deposits from the public in both local and foreign currency; (ii) underwrite, acquire, place or negotiate debt securities, including government securities, in both exchange and over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets (subject to prior approval by the CNV, if applicable); (iii) grant and receive loans; (iv) guarantee customers’ debts; (v) conduct foreign currency exchange transactions; (vi) issue credit cards; (vii) act, subject to certain conditions, as brokers in real estate transactions; (viii) carry out commercial financing transactions; (ix) act as registrars of mortgage bonds; (x) participate in foreign exchange transactions; and (xi) act as fiduciary in financial trusts. In addition, pursuant to the FIL and Central Bank Communication “A” 3086, as amended, commercial banks are authorized to operate commercial, industrial, agricultural and other types of companies that do not provide supplemental services to the banking services (as defined by applicable Central Bank regulations) to the extent that the commercial bank’s interest in such companies does not exceed 12.5% of its voting stock or 12.5% of its capital stock. Nonetheless, if the aforementioned limits were to be exceeded, the bank should (i) request Central Bank’s authorization; or (ii) give notice of such situation to the Central Bank, as the case may be. However, even when commercial banks’ interests do not reach such percentages, they are not allowed to operate such companies if (i) such interest allows them to control a majority of votes at a shareholders’ or board of directors’ meeting, or (ii) the Central Bank does not authorize the acquisition.

Furthermore, according to the rules regarding “Complementary Services of the Financial Entities and Allowed Activities,” as amended, commercial banks are authorized to operate in local or foreign companies that have one or two of the exclusive corporate purposes listed in section 2.2 of Communication “A” 6342, as amended by Communication “A” 7631, in which the commercial bank’s interest either exceeds 12.5% of such companies’ voting stock or allows the commercial bank to control a majority of votes at a shareholders’ or board of directors’ meeting. The financial entities shall give notice to the Superintendency if the corporate purposes of such companies include any of the corporate purposes listed in section 2.2 of that rule.

Under Central Bank rules regarding to “Financial Entities Minimum Capital,” the holdings of a commercial bank in the capital stock of third parties, including participations in mutual funds, shall not exceed 60% of the Computable Equity Liability (“RPC,” as per its acronym in Spanish) of such commercial bank. In addition, the total amount of a commercial bank’s holdings, considered as a whole, in (i) unlisted shares, excluding holdings in companies that provide complementary services to the financial activity and holdings in state-owned companies that provide public services, (ii) listed shares and mutual fund shares that do not trigger minimum capital requirements on a market risk bases, and (iii) publicly traded shares that do not have a “market price available to the general public,” is limited to 15% of such commercial bank’s RPC. For this purpose, a given market price of the shares is considered to be “available to the general public” when market rates that measure the daily volume of significant transactions are available, and the sale of such shares held by such bank would not materially affect the share price.

Operations and Activities that Banks Are Not Permitted to Perform

Section 28 of the FIL prohibits commercial banks from: (a) creating liens on their own assets without prior approval from the Central Bank, (b) accepting their own shares as collateral, (c) conducting transactions with their own directors or managers and with companies or persons related thereto under terms that are more favorable than those regularly offered in transactions with other clients, and (d) carrying out commercial, industrial, agricultural or other activities without prior approval of the Central Bank, except those considered financially related activities under Central Bank regulations. Notwithstanding the foregoing, banks may own shares in other

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financial institutions with the prior approval of the Central Bank, and may own shares or debt of public services companies, if necessary to obtain those services.

Liquidity and Solvency Requirements

Since 1994, the Central Bank supervision of financial institutions has been carried out on a consolidated basis. Therefore, all the documentation and information filed with the Central Bank, including financial statements, must show the operations of each entity’s parent company and all of its branches (in Argentina and abroad), the operations of significant subsidiaries and, as the case may be, of other companies in which such entity holds stock. Accordingly, all requirements relating to liquidity, minimum capital, risk concentration and bad debts’ reserves, among others, are calculated on a consolidated basis.

Legal Reserve

Pursuant to the FIL, we are required to maintain a legal reserve which must be funded with no more than 20% and no less than 10% of yearly income. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, pursuant to Central Bank rules, we are required to maintain a legal reserve which is funded with 20% of our yearly income determined in accordance with such rules. This reserve can only be used during periods in which a financial institution has incurred losses and has exhausted all other reserves. If a financial institution does not comply with the required legal reserve, it is not allowed to pay dividends to its shareholders. For further information, see “Item 5.A. Operating Results.”

Non-liquid Assets

Since February 2004, non-liquid assets (computed on the basis of their closing balance at the end of each month, and net of those assets that are deducted to compute the regulatory capital) plus the financings granted to a financial institution’s related parties (computed on the basis of the highest balance during each month for each customer) cannot exceed 100% of the Argentine regulatory capital of the financial institution, except for certain particular cases in which it may exceed up to 150%.

Non-liquid assets consist of miscellaneous assets and receivables, bank property and equipment, assets securing obligations, except for swaps, futures and derivative transactions, certain intangible assets and equity investments in unlisted companies or listed shares, if the holding exceeds 2.5% of the issuing company’s equity. Non-compliance with the ratio produces an increase in the minimum capital requirements equal to 100% of the excess on the ratio.

Unless otherwise indicated, the regulations described in this section should be applied to financial information of the banks calculated in accordance with Central Bank rules.

Minimum Capital Requirements

The Central Bank requires financial institutions to maintain minimum capital amounts measured as of each month’s closing. The minimum capital is defined as the greater of (i) the basic minimum capital requirement, which is explained below, or (ii) the sum of the credit risk, operational risk and market risk. Financial institutions (including their domestic Argentine and international branches) must comply with the minimum capital requirements both on an individual and a consolidated basis.

As stated above under “Presentation of Financial and Other Information,” we have prepared our audited consolidated financial statements for 2023, 2022 and 2021 under IFRS. Minimum capital requirement has been prepared in accordance with the rules of the Argentine Central Bank, which is not comparable to data prepared under IFRS.

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​

The following table sets forth information regarding excess capital and selected capital ratios of the Bank:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,(2) | ​
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages and | ​
​ | ​ | ratios) | ​
Calculation of excess capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allocated to assets at risk |  | 51,149,308 |  | 20,729,624 |  | 12,957,481 |
Allocated to Bank premises and equipment, intangible assets and equity investment assets |  | 10,474,161 |  | 3,747,910 |  | 2,035,689 |
Market risk |  | 2,658,844 |  | 1,693,962 |  | 965,159 |
Public sector and securities in investment account |  | 272,202 |  | 625,570 |  | 34,489 |
Operational risk |  | 21,891,498 |  | 8,188,453 |  | 4,805,957 |
Required minimum capital under Central Bank rules |  | 86,446,013 |  | 34,985,519 |  | 20,798,775 |
Basic net worth |  | 264,420,324 |  | 77,619,877 |  | 42,938,440 |
Complementary net worth |  | — |  | 2,600,170 |  | 1,564,272 |
Deductions |  | (55,583,242) |  | (25,063,540) |  | (11,770,286) |
Total capital under Central Bank rules |  | 208,837,082 |  | 55,156,507 |  | 32,732,426 |
Excess capital |  | 122,391,069 |  | 20,170,988 |  | 11,933,651 |
Credit Risk Weighted Assets | ​ | 756,569,592 | ​ | 303,351,644 | ​ | 181,430,487 | ​
Risk Weighted Assets (1) | ​ | 1,058,040,330 | ​ | 428,238,464 | ​ | 254,513,436 | ​
Selected capital and liquidity ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Regulatory capital/credit risk weighted assets | ​ | 27.6 | % | 18.2 | % | 18.4 | %
Regulatory capital/risk weighted assets | ​ | 19.7 | % | 12.9 | % | 12.9 | %
Average shareholders’ equity as a percentage of average total assets |  | 14.5 | % | 12.2 | % | 12.5 | %
Total liabilities as a multiple of total shareholders’ equity |  | 6.3x | ​ | 8.3x | ​ | 7.5x | ​
Cash as a percentage of total deposits |  | 14.4 | % | 8.7 | % | 11.1 | %
Liquid assets as a percentage of total deposits (3) | ​ | 64.1 | % | 46.0 | % | 49.2 | %
Tier 1 Capital / Risk weighted assets |  | 19.7 | % | 12.3 | % | 12.2 | %

(1) | Risk Weighted Assets includes operational risk weighted assets, market risk weighted assets, and credit risk weighted assets, Operational risk weighted assets and market risk weighted assets are calculated by multiplying their respective required minimum capital under Central Bank rules by 12.5, Credit Risk Weighted Assets is calculated by applying the respective credit risk weights to our assets, following Central Bank rules,

(2) | Nominal values without inflation adjustment,

(3) | Liquid assets include cash, securities issued by the Central Bank, and repo transactions with the Central Bank. This ratio does not consider other government securities held by the Company to set minimum reserve requirements.

​

As of December 31, 2023, the Bank’s total capital ratio was 19.7%, compared to 12.9% as of December 31, 2022, and the Bank’s common equity Tier 1 ratio was 19.7%, compared to 12.3% as of December 31, 2022. Including the funds held by Grupo Supervielle, which are used to fund our growth strategy, the consolidated pro-forma total capital ratio as of December 31, 2023 was 21.0%.

The capital composition to be considered in order to determine compliance with minimum capital requirements is the financial institution’s RPC (Central Bank rules regarding to “Financial Entities Minimum Capital,” as amended).

Basic Minimum Capital

As from April 1, 2022, the basic minimum capital requirement to be complied with by financial institutions is as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Banks |  | Other Entities (*)
​ |  | Ps.500 million |  | Ps.230 million

(*)Except credit entities.

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Financial entities operating as of April 1, 2022 must comply with the basic capital requirement set forth in the table above from March 31, 2024. Until that date, such financial entities are required to comply with the basic capital requirement set forth in the table below for the periods indicated:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Period |  | Banks |  | Other Entities (*)
From April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023 |  | Ps.170 million |  | Ps.80 million
From April 1, 2023 to March 30, 2024 |  | Ps.300 million |  | Ps.140 million

(*)Except credit entities.

Financial institutions which do not comply with the basic capital requirements must submit to the Argentine Superintendency of Financial and Exchange Institutions a compliance program within 20 calendar days following the closing of the period in which a deficiency has been recorded, and in any case no later than June 30, 2024.

Regulatory Capital of Financial Institutions: Tier 1 and Tier 2 Capital Regulations

Argentine financial institutions must comply with guidelines similar to those adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Regulations and Supervisory Practices, as amended in 1995 (the “Basel Rules”). In certain respects, however, Argentine banking regulations require higher ratios than those set forth under the Basel Rules.

The Central Bank takes into consideration a financial institution’s RPC in order to determine compliance with capital requirements. RPC consists of Tier 1 capital (Basic Net Worth) and Tier 2 capital (Complementary Net Worth).

Tier 1 Capital

Tier 1 capital consists of (i) common equity tier 1 (“COn1”), (ii) deductible items from the common equity tier 1 (CDCOn1), (iii) additional equity tier 1 (“CAn1”), and (iv) deductible concepts from additional capital level 1 (CDCAn1).

COn1 Capital

COn1 includes the following net worth items:

| (i) | capital stock (excluding preferred stock),

| (ii) | non-capitalized capital contributions (excluding share premium),

| (iii) | adjustments to shareholders’ equity,

| (iv) | earnings reserves (excluding the special reserve for debt instruments),

| (v) | unappropriated earnings,

| (vi) | other results either positive or negative, in the following terms:

| ● | 100% of net earnings or losses recorded until the last quarterly financial statements with limited review report, corresponding to the last full fiscal year and in respect of which the auditor has not issued the audit report;

| ● | 100% of net earnings or losses for the current year as of the date of the most recent audited quarterly financial statements;

| ● | 50% of profits or 100% of losses for the most recent audited quarterly or annual financial statements; and

| ● | 100% of losses not shown in the financial statements, arising from quantification of any facts and circumstances reported by the auditor;

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| (vii) | other comprehensive income:

| (a) | 100% of the results recorded in the following items belonging to the account “Other comprehensive cumulative results” for the most recent audited quarterly or annual financial statements:

| ● | Revaluation of property, plant, and equipment and

| ● | intangibles; gains or losses on financial instruments at fair value with changes in other comprehensive income.

| (b) | 100% of the debit balance of each of the items recorded in other comprehensive income not mentioned in section (a). The recognition of these concepts, registered in accounts of other comprehensive income or other accumulated comprehensive income, as appropriate, will be made in accordance with the terms of points 8.2.1.5. or 8.2.1.6., as the case may be, of Central Bank’s rules regarding “Financial Entities Minimum Capital.”

| (viii) | share premiums of the instruments included in COn1, and

| (ix) | in the case of consolidated entities, minority shareholdings (ordinary shares issued by subsidiaries subject to consolidated supervision and belonging to third parties, if certain criteria are met).

In order for the shares to fall under COn1, at the time of issuance, the financial entity must not generate any expectation that such shares will be reacquired, redeemed or amortized, and the contractual terms must not contain any clause that might generate such an expectation.

For the purpose of determining the RPC, financial institutions classified as “Group “A” Entities (as defined below) must compute as COn1 the positive difference between the higher of the accounting allowance stipulated in point 5.5 of IFRS 9 and the regulatory allowance calculated in accordance with the rules on “Establishment of minimum provisions for loan losses” or the accounting provision corresponding to the balance as of November 30, 2019.

Deductible Concepts

The above-mentioned concepts will be considered without certain deductions pursuant to subsection 8.4.1 and 8.4.2 (as applicable) of Central Bank rules regarding “Financial Entities Minimum Capital,” as amended.

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Concepts deductible from COn1 include, among other things: (a) positive balances resulting from the application of income tax withholdings above 10% of the previous months of basic net worth and balances in favor from deferred tax assets; (b) deposits maintained in a corresponding account with a foreign financial institutions that are not rated as “investment grade,” (c) debt securities not held by the relevant financial institutions, except in the case of securities registered by or in custody of the Central Bank (CRYL), Caja de Valores S.A., or Clearstream, Euroclear and the Depository Trust Company, (d) securities issued by foreign governments whose credit rating is less than ‘investment grade’ according to Communication “A” 5671; (e) subordinated debt instruments issued by other financial institutions; (f) shareholders; (g) real property added to the assets of the financial entity and with respect to which the title deed is not duly recorded at the pertinent Argentine real property registry, except where such assets shall have been acquired in a court-ordered auction sale; (h) intangible assets; (i) items pending allocation, debtor balances and other; (j) certain assets, as required by the Superintendency resulting from differences between carry amount and the fair value of assets or actions taken to distort or disguise the true nature or scope of operations; (k) those required by the Superintendency; (l) any deficiency relating to the minimum loan loss provisions required by the Superintendency; (m) equity interests in companies that have the following activities: (i) financial assistance through leasing or factoring agreements, (ii) transitory equity acquisitions in other companies in order to further their development to the extent the ultimate purpose is selling such interest after development is accomplished, and (iii) credit, debit and similar cards emissions; (n) the excess to the limits set forth for secured assets on Section 3 of the rules on “Affectation of Restricted Assets” (o) the highest balance of that month’s financial assistance granted during the month, where the advance payments set forth in Section 3.2.5 of the rules on “Lending to the non-financial public sector” surpass the authorized limit and/or are not settled within the terms established therein; (p) income from sales relating to securitization transactions, as applicable, pursuant to the provisions of Sections 3.1.4., 3.1.5.1. and 3.1.5.2., and from portfolio sales or assignments with recourse. This deduction can be applied as long as the credit risk still persists and to the extent in which the capital requirement for the underlying exposures or the sold or assigned portfolio with recourse is maintained; (q) in the case of liabilities from derivatives accounted for at fair value, unrealized gains or losses due to changes in the financial institution’s credit risk will be deductible. The deduction will be limited to the financial institution’s own credit risk adjustments only plus or minus, as the case may be); such adjustments may not be offset against adjustments for counterpart risk; (r) equity interests in financial institutions subject to consolidated oversight, except where not permitted due to the existence of deductible amounts; or in the case of foreign financial institutions. In these cases, the deductions will be the net amount of the allowance for impairment and, when controlled financial institutions subject to the provisions of Section 8.2.1.6., item iii) are involved, the deductions will be 50% of the net amount of profits derived by these entities on a proportional basis to their respective interests.

CAn1 Capital

CAn1 includes certain debt instruments of financial entities not included under COn1 that meet the regulatory criteria established in section 8.3.2 of the rules regarding “Financial Entities Minimum Capital,” as amended and supplemented, and share premiums resulting from instruments included in CAn1. Furthermore, in the case of consolidated entities, it includes instruments issued by subsidiaries subject to consolidated supervision and belonging to third parties, pursuant to applicable regulatory requirements.

The concepts mentioned in the previous points will be reduced, if applicable, by the deductible concepts provided in point 8.4.2 of the rules regarding “Financial Entities Minimum Capital,” as amended and supplemented, which are described below.

Moreover, debt instruments included under CAn1 must comply with the following requirements:

| (1) | Must be totally subscribed and paid in full.

| (2) | Must be subordinated to depositors, unsecured creditors and to the subordinated debt of the financial entity. The instruments must contemplate that in the case of the entity’s bankruptcy and once all debts with all the other creditors are satisfied, its creditors shall have priority in the distributions of funds only and exclusively with respect to the shareholders (irrespective of their class), with the express waiver of any general or special privilege.

| (3) | Must not be insured or guaranteed by the issuer or a related entity, and with no agreement improving, either legally or economically, the payment priority in the case of the entity’s bankruptcy.

| (4) | They shall not contemplate any type of capital payment, except in the case of liquidation of the financial entity. Provisions gradually increasing remuneration or other incentives for anticipated amortization are not allowed.

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| (5) | After five (5) years as from the issuance date, the financial entity can buy back the debt instruments if: (i) it has the prior authorization of the Superintendency, (ii) the entity does not create any expectations regarding the exercise of the purchase option, and (iii) the debt instrument is replaced by a RPC of equal or greater value sustained by its revenue capacity, or if it is demonstrated that once the purchase option is exercised its RPC significantly exceeds at least by 20% of the minimum capital requirements.

| (6) | Any capital repayment requires previous authorization from the Superintendency. In the case of a capital repayment, the financial entity must not create any market expectations regarding the granting of such authorization.

| (7) | The financial entity can pay dividends/interest coupons at any time, and at its sole discretion, which shall not be considered a default in itself and shall not grant bondholders the right to claim the conversion of their notes into ordinary shares. Furthermore, there shall be no restrictions to the financial entity, except with respect to dividend distribution to the shareholders.

| (8) | The payment of dividends/interest coupons shall be carried out through the noting of distributable entries, in the terms of the regulations on “Results Distribution” (Section III of the Central Bank’s regulations).

| (9) | The included dividends/interest coupons shall not have periodic adjustments because of the financial entity’s credit risk.

| (10) | They should not have been bought by the financial entity or any other entity over which the financial entity has control or significant influence.

| (11) | They should not have been bought with direct or indirect financing from the financial entity.

| (12) | They shall not contain elements that make re-capitalization difficult.

Instruments considered liabilities must absorb losses once a pre-established triggering event takes place. The instruments must do so through their conversion into ordinary shares and a mechanism assigning final losses to the instrument with the following effects:

| (a) | Reduction of debt represented by the instrument in the event of winding-up of the entity;

| (b) | Reduction of the amount to be repaid in case a call option is exercised;

| (c) | Total or partial reduction of the dividends/interest coupon payments of the instrument.

Complementary Net Worth (PNc): Tier 2

Tier 2 Capital includes (i) certain debt instruments of financial entities which are not included in Tier 1 Capital and meet the regulatory criteria established in section 8.3.3 of the Central Bank rules regarding “Financial Entities Minimum Capital” as amended and supplemented, (ii) share premium from instruments included in Tier 2 Capital, and (iii) loan loss provisions on the loan portfolio of debtors classified as being in a “normal situation” pursuant to Central Bank rules on debtor classification and on financings with class “A” preferred securities not exceeding 1.25% of the assets measured for credit risk. Additionally, in the case of consolidated entities, it includes (iv) debt instruments issued by subsidiaries subject to a consolidated supervision and belonging to third parties, if they meet the criteria in order to be included under complementary net worth.

The above-mentioned concepts will be considered minus deductible concepts pursuant to section 8.4.2 of the Central Bank rules regarding “Financial Entities Minimum Capital,” as amended and supplemented, which is described below.

Moreover, debt instruments included under complimentary net worth must comply with the following requirements:

| ● | Must be totally subscribed and paid in full.

| ● | Must be subordinated to depositors, unsecured creditors and the subordinated debt of the financial entity.

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| ● | Must not be insured or guaranteed by the issuer or a related entity, and with no agreement improving either legally or economically the payment priority in case of the entity’s bankruptcy.

| ● | Maturity: (i) original maturity date within no less than five (5) years, (ii) clauses considering gradually increasing remuneration or other incentives for anticipated amortization are not allowed, and (iii) from the beginning of the last five years of life of the indebtedness, the computable amount will be diminished by 20% of its nominal issuance value. After five (5) years as from the issuance date, the financial entity can buy back the debt instruments with the previous authorization of the Superintendency, and if the entity does not create any expectations regarding the exercise of the purchase option. The debt instrument must be replaced by an RPC of equal or greater value sustained by its revenue capacity, or if it is demonstrated that once the purchase option is exercised its RPC significantly exceeds at least in a 20% of the minimum capital requirements.

| ● | The investor shall not be entitled to accelerate the repayment of future projected payments, except in the case of bankruptcy or liquidation.

| ● | They cannot incorporate dividends/coupons with periodic adjustments linked to the financial entity’s credit risk.

| ● | They should not have been bought by the financial entity or any other entity over which the financial entity has control or significant influence.

| ● | They should not have been bought with direct or indirect financing from the financial entity.

Additionally, instruments included in Tier 2 capital and CAn1, shall meet the following conditions in order to assure their loss-absorbency capacity:

| (a) | Their terms and conditions must include a provision pursuant to which the instruments must absorb losses–either through a release from debt or its conversion into ordinary capital–once a triggering event has occurred, as described hereunder.

| (b) | If the holders receive compensation for the debt release performed, it should be carried out immediately and only in the form of ordinary shares, pursuant to applicable regulations.

| (c) | The financial entity must have been granted the authorization required for the immediate issuance of the corresponding ordinary shares in the case of a triggering event, as described below.

Triggering events of regulatory provisions described above are: (i) when the solvency or liquidity of the financial entity is threatened and the Central Bank rejects the amnesty plan submitted or revokes its authorization to function, or authorizes restructuring protecting depositors (whichever occurs first) or (ii) upon the decision to capitalize the financial entity with public funds.

The Bank has issued three series of subordinated notes, none of which is outstanding as of the date of this annual report. See “Item 5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financings—Banco Supervielle S.A.”

Further criteria regarding the eligibility of items included in the RPC calculation must be followed pursuant to the regulatory requirements of minority and other computable instruments issued by subsidiaries, subject to consolidated supervision by third parties. A minority shareholding may be included in COn1 of the financial entity if the original instrument complies with the requirements established for its qualification as ordinary shares regarding the RPC.

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Deductible concepts applied to the different capital levels

| (i) | Investments in computable instruments under the financial entity’s RPC not subject to consolidated supervision when the entity owns up to 10% of the issuer’s ordinary capital according to the following criteria: (i) investments include direct, indirect or synthetic interests; (ii) investments include the acquired net position; (iii) the holding of securities underwritten to be sold within five business days term may be excluded; and (iv) the investments in capital instruments that do not satisfy the criteria to be classified as COn1 (Common Capital Tier 1), AT1 (Additional Capital Tier 1) or PNc (Supplementary Capital) of the financial institution shall be regarded as COn1 –common equity shares, for the purposes of this regulatory adjustment. If the aggregate amount of these interests in the capital of financial institutions, companies providing services supplementary to the financial industry and insurance companies – which individually represent less than 10% of the COn1 of each issuer – exceeds 10% of the COn1 of the financial entity, net of applicable deductions, the amount over such 10% shall be deducted from each capital tier in accordance with the following formula: (i) amount to be deducted from COn1: aggregate excess amount over 10% multiplied by the proportion represented by the COn1 holdings over the aggregate equity interests; (ii) amount to be deducted from CAn1: aggregate excess amount over 10% multiplied by the proportion represented by the CAn1 over the aggregate equity interests; and (iii) amount to be deducted from PNc: aggregate excess amount over 10% multiplied by the proportion represented by the PNc holdings over the aggregate equity interest. If the financial institution does not have enough capital to make the deduction pertaining to a particular capital tier, the remaining amount shall be deducted from the next higher level. Amounts below the threshold, which are not deducted, are weighted based upon the risk or are taken into account in the calculation of the market risk requirement, as applicable.

| (ii) | Investments in instruments computed as regulatory capital of financial institutions and companies rendering services supplementary to the financial industry, not subject to consolidated supervision and insurance companies, when the institution holds more than 10% of the common equity of the issuer, or when the issuer is a subsidiary of a financial institution, shall be subject to the following criteria: (i) the investments include direct, indirect and synthetic interests (for these purposes, (a) indirect interest means an investment by a financial institution in another financial institution or company not subject to consolidated oversight, which in turn has an interest in another financial institution or company not consolidated with the first one, and (b) a synthetic interest means an investment made by a financial institution in an instrument the value of which is directly related with the equity value of another financial institution or company not subject to consolidated supervision); (ii) the net acquired position is included, i.e., the gross acquired position less the position sold in the same underlying exposure, when this has the same duration than the acquired position or its residual life is at least one year; (iii) the holding of securities underwritten to be sold within a five business day term may be excluded; and (iv) investments in capital instruments that do not satisfy the criteria to be classified as COn1, CAn1 or PNc of the financial institution shall be regarded as Con1, common equity shares, for the purposes of this regulatory adjustment. The amount of these interests, taking into account the applicable type of instrument, shall be deducted from each of the applicable capital tiers of the financial institution. If the financial institution does not have enough capital to make the deduction pertaining to a particular capital tier, the remaining amount shall be deducted from the next higher level.

| (iii) | Own repurchased instruments that satisfy the criteria for being included in CAn1 or PNc must be deducted from the applicable capital tier.

Limits

Central Bank rules regarding “Financial Entities Minimum Capital,” as amended and supplemented, establishes minimum thresholds regarding capital integration: (i) for COn1, the amount resulting from multiplying the capital risk weighted assets (“RWA”) by 4.5%; (ii) for the basic net worth, the amount resulting from multiplying the RWA by 6% and (iii) for the RPC, the amount resulting from multiplying the RWA by 8%. The lack of compliance with any of these limitations is considered an infringement of the minimum capital integration requirements.

Pursuant to Communication “A” 5889, as amended from time to time, RWA shall be calculated as follows:

RWA = RWAc + [(MR+OR) x 12.5]

Where:

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RWA: risk weighted assets

RWAc: credit risk weighted assets MR: minimum capital requirement for market risk OR: minimum capital requirement for operational risk

Economic Capital

Central Bank rules regarding “Financial Entities Risk Management Guidelines,” as amended and supplemented, requires financial institutions to have an integrated global internal process in place to assess the adequacy of their economic capital based on their risk profile (the “Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process” or “ICAAP”), as well as a strategy aimed at maintaining their regulatory capital. If, as a result of this internal process, it is found that the regulatory capital is insufficient, financial institutions must increase regulatory capital based on their own estimates to meet the regulatory requirement.

The economic capital of financial institutions is the amount of capital required to pay not only unexpected losses arising from exposure to credit, operational and market risks, but also those arising from other risks to which the financial institution may be exposed.

Financial institutions must demonstrate that their internal capital targets are well-funded and adequate in terms of their general risk profile and operations. The ICAAP should take into consideration all material risks to which the institution is exposed. To this end, institutions must define an integral process for the management of credit, operational, market, interest rate, liquidity, securitization, graduation, reputational and strategic risks and use stress tests to assess potential adverse scenarios that may affect their regulatory capital.

The ICAAP must include stress tests supplementing and validating any other quantitative or qualitative approach employed by the institution in order to provide its board of directors and senior management with a deeper understanding of the interaction among the various types of risk under stress conditions. In addition, the ICAAP must consider the short- and long-term capital needs of the institution and ensure the prudent accumulation of excess capital during positive periods of the economic cycle.

The capital level of each entity must be determined in accordance with its risk profile, taking external factors such as the economic cycle effects and political scenario.

The main elements of a strict capital evaluation include:

| (a) | Policies and procedures to guarantee that the entity identifies, quantifies and informs all the important risks.

| (b) | A process which relates economic capital with the current level of risk.

| (c) | A process which sets forth capital sufficiency objectives related to the risk, taking a strategic approach from the entity and its business plan into consideration.

| (d) | An internal process of controls, tests and audits, with the objective to guarantee that the general risk management process is exhaustive.

The required amount of capital of each institution shall be determined based on its risk profile, taking into consideration other external factors such as the effects of the economic cycle and the economic scenario.

Communication “A” 7143, as amended, provides guidelines for the calculation of economic capital, depending on the type of financial entity. Group “A” Entities pursuant to Central Bank rules shall use their internal models to quantify the needs of economic capital with relation to its risk profile. Conversely, Group “B” Entities or Group “C” Entities (in each case as defined below) may opt for a simplified calculation methodology. Such option must be approved by the board of directors of such entity.

Group “B” Entities or Group “C” Entities entities which have opted for the simplified methodology shall apply the following expression:

EC = (1.05 x MC) + max [0; U EVE – 15 % x bNW)]

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Where:

EC: economic capital MC: minimum capital requirements EVE: measure of risk calculated according to a standardized framework forseen in section 5.4 of Communication “A” 6534 bNW: basic net worth (tier 1 capital)

Requirements Applicable to Dividend Distribution

Dividends are calculated based on the statutory financial statements of the Bank, and prepared under Central Bank rules, which differ in certain aspects from IFRS. The Central Bank has imposed restrictions on the payment of dividends, substantially limiting the ability of financial institutions to distribute such dividends subject to compliance with the rules set forth in the “Restated Regulations on Dividend Distributions” of the Central Bank, under the criterion that the amount to be distributed cannot affect the institution’s liquidity and solvency, which shall be verified by the satisfaction of certain requirements, on a consolidated basis.

Such regulations provides that the payment of dividends (other than dividends on ordinary shares), the acquisition of treasury shares, the payment on other tier 1 equity instruments (as determined in accordance with the provisions set forth in the rules on “Minimum capital of financial institutions”) and/or the payment of financial incentives (bonuses) to personnel – in this case, subject to the public order labor regulations (legal, statutory and contractual) governing the financial institutions’ relationships with their personnel– shall be subject to these rules.

Institutions may distribute dividends up to the positive amount derived from the off-balance sheet calculation set forth herein, without exceeding the limits set forth in these rules.

To such effect, the registered balances, as of the end of the fiscal year to which they belong, in the account “Unassigned Results” (Resultados no asignados) and in the voluntary reserve for future distributions of dividends shall be computed, deducting the amounts – recorded on the same date – of the legal and statutory reserves – whose creation is mandatory – and the following concepts:

| 1. | 100% of the negative balance of each of the concepts recorded under the line “Other comprehensive retained earnings.”

| 2. | The result derived from the revaluation of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets and investment properties.

| 3. | The net positive difference resulting from the calculation at amortized cost and the fair market value recorded by the financial institution in connection with sovereign bonds and/or currency regulation instruments issued by the Central Bank for such instruments valued at amortized cost.

| 4. | The asset valuation adjustments notified by the Superintendency – whether accepted or not by the institution– that are pending registration and/or those indicated by the external audit that have not been accounted.

| 5. | The individual deductibles – regarding asset valuation – established by the SEFyC, including the adjustments derived from the failure to consider agreed adjustment plans.

| 6. | The resulting lower provisions and higher RPC from the treatment established on point 2 of Central Bank’s Communication “A” 6946 (as amended) for financing MiPyMEs for the payment of salaries.

In addition, financial entities may not distribute earnings out of the incokme derived from the first application of IFRS, and must set up a special reserve which can only be canceled for capitalization or to absorb possible negative balances from the item “Unassigned results.”

The amount to be distributed, which shall not exceed the limits set forth by the Central Bank, shall not compromise the liquidity and solvency of the institution. This requirement shall be considered satisfied once it has been verified that there are no integration defects in the minimum capital position – whether individual and consolidated – as of the end of the fiscal year to which the

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unappropriated retained earnings pertain or in the last closed position, whichever has the lesser integration excess, recalculating them together (for such purpose only) with the following effects based on the data relevant as of each such date:

| 1. | Those arising after deducting the concepts set forth above in points 1 to 5, if applicable, from the assets.

| 2. | The failure to consider the deductibles established by the SEFyC affecting the requirements, integrations and minimum capital position.

| 3. | The deduction of the amounts relating to the following concepts from the unappropriated retained earnings:

| o | the amount to be distributed and, if applicable, the amount allocated to the creation of the reserve to repay debt instruments, capable of integrating the regulatory capital;

| o | positive balances due to the application of the minimum presumed income tax – net of allowances for impairment – that have not been deducted from the basic shareholders’ equity, in accordance with the provisions set forth in rules on “Minimum capital of financial institutions”; and

| o | adjustments made in accordance with points 1 to 5 above.

| 4. | The failure to consider the limit set forth in paragraph 7.2. of the rules on “Minimum capital of financial institutions.”

The distribution of earnings shall only be admitted if none of the following events occurs:

| o | the institution is subject to the provisions of article 34 “Regularization and Recovery” and article 35 bis “Institution’s restructuring for the purpose of safeguarding loans and deposits” of the FIL;

| o | the institution has received financial assistance from the Central Bank under section 17 of its Charter, due to illiquidity;

| o | the institution is delayed or in breach of the reporting regime set forth by the Central Bank;

| o | the institution records minimum capital integration deficits – whether individually or consolidated – (without computing the effects of the individual deductibles established by the SEFyC);

| o | the integration of the average minimum cash – in Pesos, in foreign currency or in sovereign securities – is smaller than the requirement applicable to the last closed position or the projected position, taking into account the effect of the earnings distribution;

| o | the institution has failed to comply with the additional capital margins applicable in accordance with Section 4.

On March 19, 2020, in the midst of the coronavirus’ outbreak crisis, the Central Bank issued Communication “A” 6945, as amended from time to time, by virtue of which the distribution of dividends by financial entities was temporarily suspended. On December 31, 2021, by means of Communication “A” 7421 of the Central Bank, as amended, the Central Bank authorized financial entities to distribute dividends for up to 20% of their accumulated dividends by December 31, 2021 from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. Such financial entities must make such distributions in twelve equal, monthly and consecutive installments. On December 15, 2022 by means of Communication “A” 7659, the distribution of dividends by financial entities was temporarily suspended until December 31, 2023. Nevertheless, on March 9, 2023, by means of Communication “A” 7719 the Central Bank revoked the suspension of the distribution of dividends of financial institutions (item 4. of communication “A” 7659), and established that from April 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023, those financial institutions that have been authorizated by the Central Bank may distribute profits in six equal, monthly and consecutive installments for up to 40% of the amount that would have corresponded. However, by means of Communication “A” 7984 dated March 21, 2024, the Central Bank extended such date until December 31, 2024 and increased the amount authorized to be distributed by 60% of the amount that would have corresponded. Such distribution must be consistent with the reports included in the Information Regime “Business plan and projections and capital self-assessment report.” The calculation of the distributable income, the verification of liquidity and solvency, the additional capital margins, as well as the amount of the installments

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indicated, must be made using the currency approved by the shareholders’ meeting that approved the distribution and the payment of each of the installments, as the case may be.

​

Moreover, in accordance with the FX Regulations (as defined below), the access to the MLC to pay dividends to non-resident shareholders is subject to certain requirements. For more information, see “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls.”

Unless otherwise indicated, the regulations explained in this section are applied to financial information of the banks calculated in accordance with Central Bank rules. IFRS differs in certain significant respects from Central Bank rules.

Capital Conservation Buffer

Central Bank rules also establish that financial entities shall maintain a capital conservation margin in addition to the minimum capital requirements in order to ensure the accrual of owned resources to cope with eventual losses, reducing the non-compliance risk.

Financial entities considered D-SIBs or globally systemically important (“G-SIBs”), must have a capital level that permits a greater capacity for loss absorption, by virtue of negative externalities that the effects of insolvency of such entities or their foreign holdings could create in the financial system and the economy.

The conservation capital margin shall be 2.5% of the amount of RWA. In cases of entities considered systemically important, the margin will be increased to 3.5% of the amount of capital risk weighted assets. These margins can be increased once again, according to the counter-cycle margin. The conservation capital margin, increased in the case of entities considered systemically important, must be integrated exclusively with Common Equity Tier 1 (COn1), net from deductible concepts (CDCOn1).

When such margin is used, the entities must raise capital with new capital contributions, or reduce future distributions.

The dividend distribution shall be limited whenever the level and composition of the computable asset liability, even when it complies with the minimum capital requirements, is within the range of the capital conservation margin. This limitation reaches solely the dividend distribution, but not the operation of the entity. Entities shall be able to operate normally when levels of Con1 are within the range of conservation margin. When the coefficient of Common Equity Tier 1 (Con1 as percentage of RWA) is within the range of margins conservation of capital, the restriction to the results distribution shall be increased whenever the coefficient of Con1 comes close to the minimum required in section 8.5.1 of regulations over “Minimum Capital for Financial Entities.” The following table shows the maximum percentages of dividend distribution, according to the compliance with the conservation margin presented:

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Coefficient of Common Equity Tier 1 (COn1) net of deductions | ​ | ​
(CDcon1) – as percentage of RWA - | ​ | ​
Financial Entities – That are not categorized as | ​ | D-SIBs and G-SIBs Financial | ​ | Minimum coefficient of capital conservation – as
D-SIBs or G-SIBs- |  | Entities |  | percentage of dividend distribution -
4.5 – 5.13 | ​ | 4.5 – 5.38 | ​ | 100
> 5.13 – 5.75 |  | > 5.38 – 6.25 |  | 80
> 5.75 – 6.38 |  | >6.25 – 7.13 |  | 60
> 6.38 – 7.0 |  | > 7.13 – 8 |  | 40
> 7 |  | > 8 |  | 0

​

Currently, the minimum limits required by the regulations are:

| ● | COn1/RWA: 4.5%

| ● | NWb/RWA: 6.0%

| ● | RPC/RWA: 8.0%

COn1 must be used in the first place to satisfy the minimum capital requirement of 4.5% of RWA. Subsequently, and in the event the total does not have enough Additional Tier 1 (CAn1) or Tier 2 Capital (PNc), the COn1 shall also be applied to meet requirements of 6% and 8% of Tier 1 Capital and total capital. Only the remaining COn1, if any, can be computed to satisfy the applicable conservation margin, increased in function of the counter-cycle margin, if applicable.

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Any entity that desires to exceed the dividend distribution limits shall finance this distribution by new contributions of COn1 in the excess amount.

The Central Bank also establishes the counter-cycle margin in order to allow the financial entities’ capital levels to correspond to the accumulative systematic risk associated with an excessive credit expansion and the macro-financial context. When the Central Bank considers that the credit growth is excessive, creating an increase in systematic risk, it can establish, with a twelve-month advanced notice, the obligation to constitute a counter-cycle margin within a range of 0% to 2.5% of RWA. This margin can be reduced or cancelled by the Central Bank when it considers that the systematic risk has been diminished.

Financial entities with international activity shall consider the geographic location of their credit exposure with local and foreign residents of the private sector and calculate the counter-cycle margin as the mean between the required margins in foreign jurisdictions. This includes all credit exposure to private sectors subject to the requirement of credit risk capital.

In order to determine which jurisdiction corresponds to each exposure, the principle of ultimate risk shall be applied. Pursuant to this principle, one must identify the jurisdiction where the guarantor of the risk resides. The counter-cycle margin shall be observed by means of an increase in the conservation capital margin and shall be satisfied exclusively with Common Equity Tier 1, net of deductible concepts (CDCOn1).

Credit Risk

The minimum capital requirement in respect of counterparty risk (“CRC”) shall be calculated with the items included, which must be computed on the basis of the balances as of the last day of each month (capital, interests, premiums, restatements by the Benchmark Stabilization Ratio (Coeficiente de Estabilización de Referencia or “CER”) published by the Central Bank and price differences, as appropriate, net of the non-recoverability and devaluation risks provisions and of accumulated depreciation and amortization attributable to them and other regularizing accounts, without deducting 100% of the minimum amount required for the non-recoverability risk provision in the portfolio corresponding to debtors classified as in a “Normal Situation” – points 6.5.1 and 7.2.1 of the rules on “Classification of Debtors”- and financings secured by preferential guarantees “A”).

The minimum capital requirement in respect of counterparty risk must be calculated applying the following equation:

CRC = (k x 0.08 x RWAc) + INC

Variable “k”: Minimum capital requirements also depend on the CAMELBIG rating (1 is the strongest, 5 is the weakest) assigned by the Superintendency, which also determines the “k” value. This rating system complies with international standards and provides a broad definition of the performance, risks and perspectives of financial entities. Financial entities have to adjust their capital requirements according to the following “k” factors:

​

​ | ​ | ​
CAMELBIG Rating |  | K Factor
1 |  | 1.00
2 |  | 1.03
3 |  | 1.08
4 |  | 1.13
5 |  | 1.19

​

For the purposes of the calculation of the capital requirement, the rating will be that of the third month after the month of the most recent rating informed to the entity. For so long as no notice is given, the “k” factor will be equal to 1.03.

RWAc: stands for capital risk weighted assets, calculated by applying the following formula:

A * p + PFB * CCF * p + no DvP+ (DVP + RCD + INC significant holding in other companies) * 12.50

Where:

Variable “A” refers to eligible assets/exposures;

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“PFB” are eligible items which are not registered on the balance sheet;

“CCF” the conversion credit factor; and

“p” refers to the weighting factor, expressed on a per unit basis.

“DvP” refers to failed delivery against payment transactions (for purposes of these rules, failed payment against payment (PvP) transactions are also included). The amount is determined by the addition of the amounts arrived at by multiplying the current positive exposure by the applicable capital requirement.

In addition, “no DvP” refers to transactions that do not involve delivery against payment. The amount is determined by the addition of the amounts arrived at by applying the weighting factor (p) on the relevant transactions.

“RCD” refers to requirements for counterparty risk in OTC transactions.

“INC” incremental minimum capital requirements based on any excess in the fixed assets and other ratios, the limitations established under the “Major Exposure to Credit Risk Regulations.”

“INC(investments in companies)” means the incremental minimum capital requirements based on any excess over the following limits:

| ● | equity interest held in companies: 15%

| ● | total equity interests held in companies: 60%

The established maximum limits will be applied on the financial entity’s computable regulatory capital for the last day before the relevant date, as prescribed in the rules on “Credit Risk Fractioning.”

Each type of asset is weighted according to the level of risk assumed to be associated with it. In broad terms, the weights assigned to the different types of assets are:

​

​ | ​ | ​
--- | --- | ---
Type of Asset |  | Weighting (%)
Availabilities |  | ​
Cash held in treasury, in transit (when the financial institution assumes responsibility and risk for transportation), in ATMs, in checking accounts and in special accounts with the Central Bank and payment orders in charge of the BCRA, gold coins or in “good delivery” bars, in the latter case bearing the stamp of any of the refining smelting, assaying, ex-assaying and ex-smelting companies included in the list published by the BCRA |  | 0
Cash items in the process of collection (checks and drafts for collection), cash in armored cars and in custody at financial institutions |  | 20
Exposure to governments and central banks |  | ​
To the Central Bank denominated and funded in Pesos |  | 0
To the National Government and to the provincial and municipal governments and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires in pesos, when their source of funds is in that currency. |  | 0
To the public non-financial sector arising from financing granted to social security beneficiaries or public employees -in both cases with discount code-, to the extent that such transactions are denominated in pesos, the source of funds is in that currency and the installments of all the entity's financing with a periodic amortization system do not exceed, at the time of the agreements, thirty percent (30%) of the debtor's income and/or, as the case may be, of the co-debtors. |  | 0
To the non-financial public sector and the Central Bank. Other |  | ​
- AAA to AA- |  | 0
- A+ to A- |  | 20
- BBB+ to BBB- |  | 50
- BB+ to B- |  | 100
- Below B- |  | 150
- Unrated |  | 100
To other sovereign states of their central banks |  | ​
- AAA to AA- |  | 0
- A+ to A- |  | 20
- BBB+ to BBB- |  | 50

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​ | ​ | ​
--- | --- | ---
Type of Asset |  | Weighting (%)
- BB+ to B- |  | 100
- Below B- |  | 150
- Unrated |  | 100
Entities of the non-financial public sector from other sovereigns, pursuant to the credit rating assigned to the respective sovereign |  | ​
- AAA to AA- |  | 20
- A+ to A- |  | 50
- BBB+ to BBB- |  | 100
- BB+ to B- |  | 100
- Below B- |  | 150
- Unrated |  | 100
To the Bank for International Settlements, the IMF, the European Central Bank and the European Community |  | 0
To the non-financial public sector of the provinces, municipalities and/or the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires arising from the acquisition of sovereign bonds issued in Pesos by the central administration, when they do not have any one of the guarantees described in the regulations on “Financing to Non-Financial Public Sector”, pursuant to the credit rating assigned to the respective jurisdiction. |  | ​
- AAA to AA- |  | 20
- A+ to A- |  | 50
- BBB+ to BBB- |  | 100
- BB+ to B- |  | 150
- Below B- |  | 200
- Unrated |  | 200
Exposure to the Multilateral Development Banks (MDB) |  | ​
Exposure to the following entities: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Finance Corporation (IFC), Asian Development Bank (ADB), African Development Bank (AFDB), European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), European Investment Bank (EIB), European Investment Fund (EIF), Nordic Investment Bank (NIB), Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), Islamic Development Bank (IDB), International Finance Facility for Immunization (IFFI), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) and Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB). |  | 0
Other |  | ​
- AAA to AA- |  | 20
- A+ to A- |  | 50
- BBB+ to BBB- | ​ | 50
- BB+ to B- | ​ | 100
- Below B- | ​ | 150
- Unrated | ​ | 50
Exposure to local financial institutions | ​ | ​
Denominated and funded in Pesos arising from transactions with an initial contractual term of up to 3 months | ​ | 20
Other. The weighting percentage to be applied will be the one for one category less favorable than the one assigned to the exposures with the Argentine government in foreign currency, as provided for the Exposure to the public non-financial sector and the Central Bank, with a maximum of 100%, except that the grade was less than B-, in which case the weighting percentage will be 150% |  | ​
Exposure to foreign financial institutions, pursuant to the credit rating assigned to the sovereign of their jurisdiction of incorporation |  | ​
- AAA to AA- |  | 20
- A+ to A- | ​ | 50
- BBB+ to BBB- | ​ | 100
- BB+ to B- | ​ | 100
- Below B- | ​ | 150
- Unrated | ​ | 100
Exposure to companies and other legal entities in the country and abroad, including exchange institutions, insurance companies, stock exchange entities and companies in the country that are treated as non-financial private sector according to Section 1 of the rules on "Non-financial public sector financing", except for equity investments. | ​ | 100
Exposures included in the retail portfolio | ​ | ​
Loans to individuals (provided that installments of loans granted by the institution do not exceed, at the time of the agreements, 30% of borrower’s. Income and/or, if applicable, of the co-debtors) and to Micro, Small- and Medium-Sized Companies (“SMEs”) | ​ | 75
Other | ​ | 100
Exposures guaranteed by reciprocal guaranty companies (sociedades de garantía recíproca) or public security funds registered with the registries authorized by the Central Bank | ​ | 50

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​ | ​ | ​
--- | --- | ---
Type of Asset |  | Weighting (%)
First mortgage loans on residential property or mortgage loans with any order of preference provided that the institution remains the creditor, irrespective of the order of preference, to the extent that the debt balance under no circumstances exceeds the valuation price of the mortgaged property | ​ | ​
If credit facility does not exceed 75% of the appraised value of such real property | ​ | ​
- Sole, permanently-occupied family home | ​ | 35
- Other | ​ | 50
On the amount exceeding 75% of the appraised value of such real property | ​ | 100
First mortgage loans on other than residential property or mortgage loans with any order of preference provided that the institution is also the creditor of senior loans | ​ | ​
Up to 50% of the lower of the real property market value or 60% of the mortgage loan | ​ | 50
On the remaining portion of the loan | ​ | 100
Past due loans over 90 days | ​ | ​
Weighting varies according to the loan and specific provisions Created | ​ | 50-150
Equity holdings | ​ | 150
Securitización exposures, failed DvP transactions, non DvP transaction, exposures to central counterparty institutions (CCP) and derivative transaction not included in said exposures receive a special treatment. | ​ | ​
Non failed spot transactions to be settled | ​ | 0
Exposures to individuals or companies originated in credit card purchases made in installments of travel tickets to foreign destinations and other touristic services abroad (lodging, car rental), either made directly to the service provider or through a travel agency or web platform | ​ | 1250
Other assets and off-balance categories | ​ | 100

* They receive a special treatment.

Excluded items include: (a) securities granted for the benefit of the Central Bank for direct obligations; (b) deductible assets pursuant to RPC regulations and (c) financings and securities granted by branches or local subsidiaries of foreign financial entities by order and on account of their headquarters of foreign branches or the foreign controlling entity, to the extent: (i) the rules of the country where the parent company or controlling entity is located, the latter defined according to the provisions in force in that jurisdiction, must cover the supervision on a consolidated basis of the local branches or subsidiaries, (ii) the entity must comply with the provisions of item 3.1. of the rules on “Credit Evaluations,” requiring for such purpose an international risk rating within the investment grade category; (iii) in the case of financing, such financing must be provided by the local branches or subsidiaries only with funds from lines of credit assigned to them by the aforementioned foreign intermediaries (if the assistance is granted in a currency other than that of the foreign resources, the local entity may not assume the exchange risk); and (iv) in the case of guarantees granted locally, they are in turn guaranteed by their foreign branch headquarters or the foreign controlling entity and foreclosure on such guaranty may be carried out immediately and at the sole requirement of the local entity.

Credit Risk Regulation – Large Exposures

General Overview

Communication “A” 6599 of the Central Bank, as amended and restated by Communication “A” 6620, effective as of January 1, 2019, abrogated credit risk fractioning regulations (except for the provisions related to the non-financial public sector), and replaced the former regime by regulating “large exposures to credit risk.” The system seeks to limit the maximum loss that a financial entity may suffer upon the occurrence of an unexpected default of a counterparty or group of connected counterparties who do not belong to the non-financial public sector, therefore affecting its solvency. The regulations regarding the exposures to credit risk must be applied at all times with every counterparty of the entity.

In this regard, the regulations have established the concept of group of connected counterparties, which applies to all cases in which one of the counterparties of a financial entity have direct or indirect control over the rest or in those cases in which financial difficulties experimented by one of the counterparties causes a strong likelihood that its subsidiaries may struggle financially as well. According to the regulation, upon the detection of the existence of a group of connected counterparties by the financial entity, such group shall be considered as a single counterparty and the sum of the exposures to credit risk that a financial entity possesses with all the individual counterparties comprehended in that group shall be subject to the information and disclosure requirements provided in section 2.

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One of the main aspects of Communication “A” 6620 is the introduction of the concept of large exposure to credit risk in Argentine banking regulations, which is defined as the sum of all values of exposure of a financial entity with a counterparty or group of connected counterparties when it is equal or above 10% of the Tier 1 Capital registered by the financial entity the immediately preceding month of its calculation.

However, the determination of the values of exposure to risk recognize the following exceptions:

| ● | Intraday interbank exposures;

| ● | Exposures of financial entities with qualifying central counterparties, as defined by the Central Bank rules on minimum capital;

| ● | Exposures with the Central Bank; and

| ● | Exposures with the Argentine non-financial public sector.

Regarding the information regime, the Central Bank has established that the financial entities shall inform the Superintendency of all the values of exposure to credit risk before and after the application of mitigation techniques, detailing:

| ● | Exposures to risk with a value equal or above 10% of Tier 1 Capital of the financial entity;

| ● | Every other exposure to risk which value is equal or above 10% of the Tier 1 Capital of the financial entity, without applying credit risk mitigation techniques;

| ● | Excluded exposures to risk which values are equal or above 10% of the financial entity’s Tier 1 Capital; and

| ● | The financial entity’s 20 largest applicable exposures to risk, regardless of its value in relation with the financial entity’s Tier 1 Capital.

Limits

On the one hand, Communication “A” 6620 sets at 15% the limit of exposure with a counterpart of the non-financial private sector. Nevertheless, the limit will be increased by 10 percentage points for the part of the exposures that are covered by preferred collaterals. Additionally, it sets special limits for operating with financial institutions in Argentina and abroad (the general rule sets it at 25%). In the case of foreign financial institutions that do not have an international risk rating included in the “investment grade” category, the maximum limit is 5%.

On the other hand, Communication “A” 6620 sets the global limit of exposure to risk with respect to affiliate counterparties at 20%. In the case of stock held in an investment portfolio, the sum of all the values of exposure to risk corresponding to the total stocks not related to the portfolio shall not exceed 15% (holdings in public services companies or companies dedicated to complementary services to financial activities are excluded). The total limit of stocks and holdings shall be the sum of all the values of exposure to risk corresponding to the total amount of stock in an investment or negotiation portfolio plus the credits for forward operations and sureties entered into in authorized Argentine markets shall not exceed 50%.

Minimum controls to exposures of affiliates

The regulations set forth three stages for the control of the financial entity’s affiliates exposure:

| (1) | Reports for the entity’s management:

| ● | Report by the CEO;

| ● | Report by the supervisory committee; and

| ● | Acknowledgment of the reports by the entity’s management.

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| (2) | Evidence of the affiliation to the financial entity: the personnel responsible for the analysis and resolution of the credit operations shall expressly register whether or not the client is affiliated with the financial entity.

| (3) | Affidavit evidencing affiliation: affiliated clients shall file an affidavit stating if they belong to the lending entity or if its relationship with such entity implies the existence of a controlling influence.

Interest Rate Risk

Until January 1, 2013, financial entities had to comply with minimum capital requirements regarding interest rate risk. These requirements were intended to capture the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to changes in the interest rates. Communication “A” 5369 removed all rules and regulations regarding minimum capital requirements for interest rate risk. Notwithstanding this change, financial entities must continue to calculate the interest rate risk and remain subject to the Superintendency’s supervision. Communication “A” 6534, dated July 3, 2018 established that the interest rare risk shall be measured through the calculation of the Investment Portfolio Interest Rate (RTICI).

Market Risk

Overall capital requirements in relation to market risk are based on the sum of the five amounts of capital necessary to cover the risks arising from each category of assets. Market risk is defined as the possibility of incurring losses in on- and off-balance sheet recorded positions as a result of adverse changes in market prices. The market risk minimum capital requirement is the arithmetic sum of the minimum capital requirement for interest rate (trading portfolio), stock (trading portfolio), exchange rate, commodities and options risks (trading portfolio). To meet this capital requirement, entities must apply a “Standard Measurement Method” based on an aggregate of components that separately capture the specific and general market risks for securities positions.

General considerations. Risks subject to this minimum capital requirement include risks derived from positions in instruments – such as securities and derivatives – recorded as part of the trading portfolio, and risks from foreign currency and commodities positions recorded, indistinctly, as part of the investment or trading portfolio. For the purpose of the above accounting recording, the trading portfolio of financial entities comprises positions in financial instruments included among an entity’s assets for purposes of trading or of providing hedging to other items contained in the portfolio. Pursuant to Communication “A” 6690, as amended, a financial instrument may be accounted for as part of the trading portfolio – for purposes of meeting the minimum capital requirement for market risk – if such instrument may be traded free from any restriction or if the instrument may be hedged in full. Also, the portfolio must be actively managed, and its positions must be valued on a daily basis and with the required accuracy. Positions kept for trading purposes are those positions that the entity intends to sell in the short term or from which it intends to derive a profit as a result of changes, either actual or expected, in short-term prices, or by means of arbitrage activities. They include both positions that the entities keep for their own use and those they purchase in the course of services performed for customers or “market making’ activities.” Financial entities must calculate the minimum capital requirement for the counterparty credit risk involved in OTC transactions involving derivatives and securities financing transactions, such as repo transactions (repo agreements), recorded as part of the trading portfolio on a separate and additional basis to the calculation of capital requirements for general market risk and specific market risk of the underlying securities. For this purpose, entities will be required to apply the methods and weighting factors usually applicable when those transactions are recorded as part of the investment portfolio. Entities must have clearly defined policies and procedures in place, designed to determine the exposures that are to be included into or excluded from the trading portfolio in order to calculate their minimum capital requirement for market risk. On the other hand, the investment portfolio will include all securities held by the entity which are not included in the trading portfolio.

The minimum capital requirement for exchange rate risk will apply to the total position in each foreign currency. The minimum capital requirement for securities will be computed in respect of the instruments accounted for as part of the trading portfolio, which must be valued prudently (marked to market or marked to model). Instruments whose yield is determined in relation to CER must be considered fixed-rate securities. Whether recorded as part of the trading or of the investment portfolio, items to be deducted for purposes of calculating the RPC will be excluded from the calculation of the market risk minimum capital requirement.

Minimum capital requirement for interest rate risk. The minimum capital requirement for interest rate risk must be calculated in respect of any debt securities and other instruments accounted for as part of the trading portfolio, including any non-convertible preferred shares. This capital requirement is calculated by adding two separately calculated requirements: first, the specific risk involved in each instrument, either a short or a long position, and second, the general market risk related to the effect of interest rate changes on the portfolio. A set off of the long and short positions held in different instruments will be allowed.

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Minimum capital requirement for positions in stock. The capital requirement for the risk of holding equity positions in the trading portfolio applies to both long and short positions in ordinary shares, convertible debt securities that function like shares and any call or put options for shares, as well as any other instrument with a market behavior similar to that of shares, excluding non-convertible preferred shares, which are subject to the minimum capital requirement for interest rate described in the preceding paragraph. Long and short positions in the same security may be computed on a net basis.

Minimum capital requirement for exchange rate risk. The capital requirement for exchange rate risk establishes the minimum capital required to hedge the risk involved in maintaining positions in foreign currency, including gold. To calculate the capital requirement for exchange rate risk, entities must first quantify its exposure in each currency, and then estimate the risks inherent in the combination of long and short positions in different currencies.

Minimum capital requirement for commodities risk. The capital requirement for commodities risk establishes the minimum capital required to hedge the risk involved in maintaining positions in commodities – but gold. The calculation of the capital requirement shall express every commodity position in terms of the standard measure unity, and following the rules set forth in Communication “A” 6690, as amended.

Minimum capital requirement for positions in options. The calculation of the capital requirement for the risk involved in positions in options may be based on the “simplified method” set forth in Communication “A” 6690, as amended, if the entity only purchases options; provided that the market value of all the options in its portfolio does not exceed 5% of the entity’s RPC for the previous month, or if its positions in sold options are hedged by long positions in options pursuant to exactly the same contractual terms. In all other cases, the entity must use the alternative “delta plus” method, provided for in the regulation.

Consequences of a Failure to Meet Minimum Capital Requirements

In the event of non-compliance with capital requirements by an existing financial institution, Central Bank Communication “A” 6091, as amended, provides the following:

| (i) | non-compliance reported by the institutions: the institution must meet the required capital no later than the end of the second month after the date of non-compliance or submit a restructuring plan within thirty (30) calendar days after the end of the month in which such non-compliance was reported. In addition, non-compliance with minimum capital requirements will entail a number of consequences for the financial institution, including a prohibition to open branches in Argentina or in other countries, establish representative offices abroad, or own equity in foreign financial institutions, as well as a prohibition to pay cash dividends. Moreover, the Superintendency may appoint a representative, who shall have the powers set forth by the FIL.

| (ii) | Non-compliance detected by the Superintendency: the institution may challenge the non-compliance determination within thirty (30) calendar days after being served notice by the Superintendency. If no challenge is made, or if the defense is dismissed, the non-compliance determination will be deemed to be final and the procedure described in the previous item will apply.

Furthermore, pursuant to the rules which regulate financial entities’ minimum capital, as amended, if a financial institution fails to meet market risk daily minimum capital requirements, except for any failure to meet the requirements on the last day of the month, calculated as a sum of VaR of included assets or derived from the calculation of capital requirements for interest rate, exchange rate and stock risks the financial institution must replace its capital or decrease its financial position until such requirement is met, and has up to ten (10) business days from the first day on which the requirement was not met to meet the requirement. If the financial institution fails to meet this requirement after ten (10) business days, it must submit a regularization and reorganization plan within the following five (5) business days and may become subject to an administrative proceeding initiated by the Superintendency.

Operational Risk

The regulation on Operational Risk (“OR”) recognizes the management of OR as a comprehensive practice separated from that of other risks, given its importance. OR is defined as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. The definition includes legal risk but excludes strategic and reputational risk.

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Financial institutions must establish a system for the management of OR that includes policies, processes, procedures and the structure for their adequate management. This framework must also allow the financial entity to evaluate capital sufficiency.

Seven OR event types are defined, according to internationally accepted criteria:

| ● | internal fraud;

| ● | external fraud;

| ● | employment practices and workplace safety;

| ● | clients, products and business practices;

| ● | damage to physical assets;

| ● | business disruption and system failures; and

| ● | execution, delivery and process management.

Financial entities are charged with implementing an efficient OR management system following the guidelines provided by the Central Bank. A solid system for risk management must have a clear assignment of responsibilities within the organization of financial entities. Thus, the regulation describes the roles prepared by each level of the organization in managing of OR (such as the roles of the Board of Directors, senior management and the business units of the financial institution).

A financial institution’s size and sophistication, and the nature and complexity of its products and processes, and the extent of the transaction determines the type of “OR Unit” required. For small institutions, this unit may even consist of a single person. This unit may functionally respond to the senior management (or similar) or a functional level with risk management decision capacity that reports to that senior management.

An effective risk management will contribute to prevent future losses derived from operational events. Consequently, financial entities must manage the OR inherent in their products, activities, processes and systems. The OR management process comprises:

| (a) | Identification and assessment: the identification process should consider both internal and external factors that could adversely affect the development of the processes and projections created according to the business strategies defined by the financial institution. Financial entities should use internal data, establishing a process to register frequency, severity, categories and other relevant aspects of the OR loss events. This should be complemented with other tools, such as self-risk assessments, risk mapping and key risk indicators.

| (b) | Monitoring: an effective monitoring process is necessary for quickly detecting and correcting deficiencies in the policies, processes and procedures for managing OR. In addition to monitoring operational loss events, banks should identify forward-looking indicators that enable them to act upon these risks appropriately.

| (c) | Control and mitigation: financial entities must have an appropriate control system for ensuring compliance with a documented set of internal policies, which involve periodic reviews (to occur at least annually) of control strategies and risk mitigation, and adjust these as necessary.

Pursuant to Communication “A” 5282, as amended by Communications “A” 6091 and “A” 7928, among others, the minimum capital requirements regarding OR are equal to 15% of the annual average positive gross income of the last thirty-six (36) months.

The OR formula is as follow:

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The variables in the OR formula are defined as follows:

| ● | Cro: the capital requirement for operational risk.

| ● | α: 15%.

| ● | n: the number of twelve-month consecutive terms with positive IB, based on the 36 months preceding the month of calculation. The maximum value of n is 3.

| ● | IBt: gross income from twelve-month consecutive terms, provided that it is a positive figure, corresponding to the 36 months preceding the month of calculation.

Gross income (ingresos brutos) (“IB,” as per its acronym in Spanish) is defined as the sum of (a) financial and service income net of financial and service expenses and (b) sundry gains net of sundry losses.

The following items are excluded from items (a) and (b) above:

| (i) | expenses derived from the creation or elimination of reserves during previous fiscal years and recovered credits during the fiscal year that were written off in previous fiscal years;

| (ii) | profits or losses from holding equity in other financial institutions or companies, if these were deductible from RPC;

| (iii) | extraordinary or unusual gains (i.e., those arising from unusual and exceptional events that resulted in gains) including income from insurance recovery; and

| (iv) | gains from the sale of classified species and measures at amortized cost of fair value with changes in other integral gains.

New financial institutions must comply, in their first month, with an OR minimum capital requirement equivalent to 10% of the aggregate requirements determined for credit and market risks, in the latter case, for the positions on the last day of that month. As from the second and up to the thirty-sixth month, the monthly capital requirement will be equivalent to 10% of the average requirements determined for the months elapsed until, and including, the calculation period based on a consideration of the risks referred to in the preceding paragraph, in accordance with the following formula:

For every t-month:

| ● | CRCt: the capital requirement for credit risk.

| ● | RMP,t: the capital requirement for market risk for the last day of such t-month.

| ● | n: the number of months preceding the month of calculation, inclusive. 2≤ n ≤ 36.

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From the thirty-seventh month onwards, the monthly requirement is calculated based on the OR formula.

Minimum Cash Reserve Requirements

The minimum cash reserve requirement requires that a financial institution keeps a portion of its deposits or obligations readily available and not allocated to lending transactions and it is included in the Central Bank “Rules of Minimum Cash,” as amended and supplemented.

Minimum cash requirements are applicable to demand and time deposits and other liabilities arising from financial intermediation denominated in Pesos, foreign currency, or government and corporate securities, and any unused balances of advances in checking accounts under agreements not containing any clauses that permit the bank to discretionally and unilaterally revoke the possibility of using such balances.

Minimum cash reserve obligations exclude (i) amounts owed to the Central Bank, (ii) amounts owed to domestic financial institutions (excluding special deposits related to inflows of funds – Decree No. 616/2005), (iii) amounts owed to foreign banks (including their head offices, entities controlling domestic institutions and their branches) in connection with foreign trade financing facilities and with multilateral development banks, (iv) cash purchases pending settlement and forward purchases, (v) cash sales pending settlement and forward sales (whether or not related to repurchase agreements), (vi) overseas correspondent banking operations, (vii) demand obligations for money orders and transfers from abroad pending settlement to the extent that they do not exceed a seventy-two (72) business hour term as from their deposit, (viii) demand obligations with business for the sales made by credit card and/or for the purchase, and (ix) and demand obligations for securities bonds in pesos.

The liabilities subject to these requirements are computed on the basis of the effective principal amount of the transactions, including differences in rates (either negative or positive), excluding interest accrued, past due, or to become due on the aforementioned liabilities, provided they were not credited to the account of, or made available to, third parties, and, in the case of fixed -term deposit of UVA and UVIs (as defined below), the accrued amount resulting from the increment of the value of such unit.

The basis on which the minimum cash reserve requirement is computed is the average of the daily balances of the liabilities:

| ● | registered at the end of each day during the period prior to the one of its integration, in the case the liabilities are denominated in Pesos; or

| ● | registered at the end of each day during the calendar month, in the case of liabilities denominated in foreign currency, or government and corporate securities.

The averages shall be obtained by dividing the aggregate of the daily balances into the total amount of the days of each period. Those days in which no movements are registered shall repeat the balance corresponding to the immediately preceding Business Day.

Such requirement shall be complied with on a separate basis for each currency and/or security and/or instrument under monetary regulation in which the liabilities are denominated.

The table below shows the percentage rates that should be applied to determine the required minimum cash reserve requirement for financial institutions, depending on whether: (i) the financial entities are included in Group “A,” as provided by Section 4 of the regulations on “Authorities of financial entities” (Autoridades de entidades financieras), and/or branches or subsidiaries of foreign banks are classified as systemically important (G-SIB) not included in that group; or (ii) the remaining financial entities. Section 4 of the regulations on “Authorities of financial entities” of the Central Bank classifies the financial entities in: (a) Group “A” which includes those entities in which the amount of their assets is greater than or equal to 1% of the total of the assets of the financial system (for the purposes of calculating this indicator, the average of the assets corresponding to the months of July, August and September of the previous year will be considered, according to the data that arise from the corresponding information regime) (the “Group “A” Entities”); (b) Group “B” which includes those entities in which the amount of their assets do not exceed 1% and greater than or equal to 0.25% of the total of the total of the assets of the financial system (the “Group “B” Entities”); and (c) Group “C” which includes those institutions whose deposits do no exceed 0.25% of the total of the assets of the financial system (the “Group “C” Entities”). The Bank is classified as a Group “A” Entity, while IUDÚ is classified as a Group “B” Entity. The following fees arise from Communication “A” 7824:

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​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Rate %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Group A and G-SIB | ​ | Remaining Financial Institutions
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Foreign | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Item | ​ | ​ |  | Pesos |  | Currency |  | Pesos |  | Foreign Currency
1- |  | Checking account deposits and demand deposits opened at credit cooperatives |  | 45 |  | ​ |  | 20 |  |
2- |  | Savings account, salary/social security accounts, special accounts (except for deposits included on items 7 and 11), and other demand deposits and liabilities, pension and social security benefits credited by ANSES pending collection and immobilized reserve funds for liabilities covered by these regulations |  | 45 |  | 25 |  | 20 |  | 25
3- |  | Unused balances of advances in checking accounts under executed overdraft agreements |  | 45 |  | ​ |  | 20 |  |
4- |  | Deposits in checking accounts of non-bank financial institutions, computed for purposes of meeting their required minimum cash reserve |  | 100 |  | ​ |  | 100 |  |
5- |  | Time deposits, liabilities under “acceptances,” (including responsibilities for sale or transfer of credits to agents different from financial institutions), stock-exchange repos (cautions and stock exchange passive repos), constant-term investments, with an option for early termination or for renewal for a specified term and variable income, and other fixed-term liabilities, except deposits included in the following items 7, 10 y 12 of this table, securities (including negotiable obligations), according to their outstanding term: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
​ |  | (i) Up to 29 days |  | 25 |  | 23 |  | 11 |  | 23
​ |  | (ii) From 30 days to 59 days |  | 14 |  | 17 |  | 7 |  | 17
​ |  | (iii) From 60 days to 89 days |  | 4 |  | 11 |  | 2 |  | 11
​ |  | (iv) From 90 days to 179 days |  | — |  | 5 |  | — |  | 5
​ |  | (v) From 180 days to 365 days |  | — |  | 2 |  | — |  | 2
​ |  | (vi) More than 365 days |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —

​

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​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ |  | Rate %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Group A and G-SIB | ​ | Remaining Financial Institutions
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Foreign | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Item |  | ​ |  | Pesos |  | Currency |  | Pesos |  | Foreign Currency
6- | ​ | Liabilities owed due to foreign facilities (not including those instrumented by term deposits, unless they are made by residents abroad linked to the entity pursuant to Section 2 of the rules on “Large Exposures to Credit Risk,” nor the acquisition of debt securities, to which they must apply the requirements provided in the previous point) |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |  |
​ | ​ | (i) Up to 29 days |  | ​ |  | 23 |  |  |  | 23
​ | ​ | (ii) From 30 days to 59 days |  | ​ |  | 17 |  |  |  | 17
​ | ​ | (iii) From 60 days to 89 days |  | ​ |  | 11 |  |  |  | 11
​ | ​ | (iv) From 90 days to 179 days |  | ​ |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5
​ | ​ | (v) From 180 days to 365 days |  | ​ |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2
​ | ​ | (vi) More than 365 days |  | ​ |  | — |  |  |  | —
7- | ​ | Demand and time deposits made upon a court order with funds arising from cases pending before the court, and the related immobilized balances |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | 15
​ | ​ | (i) Up to 29 days |  | 22 |  | 15 |  | 10 |  | 15
​ | ​ | (ii) From 30 days to 59 days |  | 14 |  | 15 |  | 7 |  | 15
​ | ​ | (iii) From 60 days to 89 days |  | 4 |  | 15 |  | 2 |  | 15
​ | ​ | (iv) More than 90 days |  | — |  | 15 |  | — |  | 15
8- | ​ | Special deposits related to inflows of funds. Decree 616/2005 |  | ​ |  | 100 |  | ​ |  | 100
9- | ​ | Time deposits in nominative, non-transferable Peso-denominated certificates, belonging to public sector holders, with the right to demand early withdrawal in less than 30 days from its setting up |  | 25 |  | ​ |  | 11 |  |
10- | ​ | Deposits and term investments —including savings accounts and securities (including Notes)— in UVIs and UVAs, according their outstanding term |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |  |
​ | ​ | (i) Up to 29 days |  | 7 |  | ​ |  | 7 |  |
​ | ​ | (ii) From 30 days to 59 days |  | 5 |  | ​ |  | 5 |  |
​ | ​ | (iii) From 60 days to 89 days |  | 3 |  | ​ |  | 3 |  |
​ | ​ | (iv) More than 90 days |  | — |  | ​ |  | — |  |
11- | ​ | Labor Work Fund for Construction Industry Workers, denominated in UVA |  | 7 |  | ​ |  | 7 |  |
12- | ​ | Deposits and fixed term investments created in the name of minors for funds they receive freely |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
13- | ​ | Deposits in Pesos in demand accounts that constitute the assets of mutual funds (money market) |  | — |  | ​ |  | — |  |
14- | ​ | Deposits in special accounts: | ​ | 100 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 100 | ​ | ​
15.1- | ​ | In Pesos ("Special accounts for holders with agricultural activity" and "Special accounts for exporters"). | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
15.2- | ​ | In U.S. dollars ("Special accounts to credit export financing"). |  | — |  | ​ |  | — |  |

​

Financial entities included in Group “A” and branches or subsidiaries of G-SIB not included in that group may integrate the period and daily requirement in Pesos with “National Treasury Bonds in Pesos at a fixed rate due May 23, 2027” and “National Treasury Bonds in Pesos at a fixed rate due November 23, 2027” in up to:

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| - | 5 percentage points of the rates provided in point 1, point 2 (in Pesos), point 3, point 9, and sections (i) and (ii) of points 5 and 7 (both in Pesos); and

| - | 2 percentage points of the rates provided in sections (iii) of points 5 and 7 (both in Pesos).

| - | 45 percentage points of the rate described in points 14 (both in Pesos).

Financial entities included in Group “A” and branches or subsidiaries of G-SIB not included in Group “A” may integrate the period and daily requirement in Pesos with LELIQ, NOBAC and/or national government securities in Pesos, including those by the CER and with yield in dual currency (dual bond) and excluding those linked to the evolution of the U.S. dollar, with a residual term at the time of subscription:

| - | not less than 180 days and not more than 450 calendar days acquired by primary subscription since June 1, 2021;

| - | not less than 120 days and not more than 450 calendar days acquired by primary subscription since November 1, 2021;

| - | not less than 90 days and not more than 450 calendar days acquired by primary subscription since November 1, 2021;

| - | not less than 90 days and not more than 630 days acquired by primary subscription since September 27, 2022;

| - | not less than 90 days and not more than 730 calendar days acquired by primary subscription as of March 9, 2023;

| - | not less than 90 days and not more than 760 calendar days acquired by primary subscription as of May 29, 2023; and

| - | not less than 90 days and not more than 760 calendar days acquired by primary subscription as of December 20, 2023 which will continue to be computed until their maturity, as long as their integration is maintained.

Communication “A” 7923 provides that banks may integrate the period and daily requirement in Pesos with LELIQ, NOBAC and/or national government securities in Pesos, including those by the CER and with yield in dual currency (dual bond) and excluding those linked to the evolution of the U.S. dollar, with a residual term (at the time of subscription) of no less than 300 days and no more than 730 days from the time of subscription, received in exchange operations arranged by the Argentine government for securities acquired both by primary subscription and in the secondary market, up to:

| - | On demand deposits provided for in items 1, 2 and 3 (in Pesos) 4 percentage points of the rate provided for.

| - | Time deposits and time investments made by holders of the non-financial private and non-financial public sectors and those provided for in item 11: all the requirement, except for the maximum proportion allowed for integration in “National Treasury Bonds in Pesos.”

| - | Term investments with variable remuneration made by clients with agricultural activity -according to item 2.5.2.2.2. of the rules on “Deposits and term investments”: all the requirement

| - | Other placements: (a) 9 percentage points of the rates provided in section (i) of point 5 (in Pesos); (b) 7 percentage points of the rates provided by section (ii) of point 5 (in Pesos); (c) 3 percentage points of the rates provided by sections (i), (ii) and (iii) of point 10; and (d) 2 percentage points of the rates provided by section (iii) of point 5.

Financial entities not included in the last paragraph in up to:

| - | Sight deposits provided for in items 1, 2 and 3 (in Pesos) 10 percentage points of the expected rate; and

| - | Other placements: (a) 3 percentage points of the rates provided by sections (i) of point 5, and sections (i) to (iii) of point 10; and (b) 2 percentage points of the rates provided in section (ii) of point 5.

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In order to be admitted the integration with “National Treasury Bonds in Pesos at a fixed rate due May 23, 2027,” “National Treasury Bonds in Pesos at a fixed rate due November 23, 2027,” and national government securities in Pesos, including those adjustable by the CER and excluding those linked to the evolution of the U.S. dollar, LELIQ and/or NOBAC as described above, they must be valued at market prices and be deposited in Sub-account 60, minimum cash enabled in the “Central Registry and Settlement of Public Liabilities and Financial Trusts—CRyL” (Central de Registro y Liquidación de Pasivos Públicos y Fideicomisos Financieros).

The minimum cash requirement will be reduced:

| (1) | in accordance with the participation in the total of financing operations to the non-financial private sector in Pesos in the entity of financing to MiPyMEs in the same currency;

​ | ​ | ​
Participation, in the total of financing operations | ​ | Reductions (over
to MiPyMES with respect of total of financing | ​ | the total of
operations to the non-financial private sector, in | ​ | the concepts included
the institution |  | in Pesos) %
Less than 4 |  | 0
From 4 to less than 6 |  | 1.00
From 6 to less than 8 |  | 1.25
From 8 to less than 10 |  | 1.50
From 10 to less than 12 |  | 1.75
From 12 to less than 14 |  | 2.00
From 14 to less than 16 |  | 2.25
From 16 to less than 18 |  | 2.50
From 18 to less than 20 |  | 2.75
From 20 to less than 22 |  | 3.00
From 22 to less than 24 |  | 3.25
From 24 to less than 26 |  | 3.50
26 or more than 26 |  | 3.75

​

Calculations will consider the mobile average balance at the end of the last 12 months prior to the low report of the financings in Pesos (Loans and Credits for Financial Leases) granted to MiPyMEs in respect of the total of such financings to the non-financial private sector of the institution.

| (1) | Depending on the granting of financing under the “Ahora 12” and “Cuota Simple” programs (the implementation of the Consumer Promotion Program and the Production of Goods and Services named “Ahora 12” was created by Joint Resolution 671/2014 and 267/2014 of the former Argentine Ministry of Economy and Public Finance and the Argentine Ministry of Industry):

| (i) | whose destination is the acquisition of goods and services included in the aforementioned resolution and its complementary regulations; or

| (ii) | to non-financial companies issuing credit cards at an annual interest rate of up to 17%, insofar as these companies are part of the “Ahora 12” Program.

Effective from March 1, 2020, Communication “A” 6916, as amended, increased the requirement for the granting of financing under the “Ahora 12” Program from 20% to 35% of the aggregate financings in Pesos granted by the relevant institution until September 30, 2020, to 50% of such aggregate financings in Pesos granted from October 1, 2020 to January 1, 2022, and to 40% of such aggregate financings in Pesos granted from February 1, 2022. Additionally, effective as of March 19, 2020, Communication “ A” 6937 set the limit of the deduction at 6% of the items in Pesos subject to the Central Bank rules of Minimum Cash. Effective as of July 29, 2021, this limit was increased to 8% of the items in Pesos subject to the Central Bank rules of Minimum Cash. Communication “A” 7047 sets forth that for those financial entities that are members of the “Ahora 12” Program, the requirement will be reduced by an amount equivalent to 35% of the aggregate financings in Pesos granted by the relevant institution, and sets forth the limit of the deduction at 6% of the items in Pesos subject to the Central Bank rules on Minimum Cash. This limit is still in force and has not been modified.

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For those financial entities adhered to the “Cuota Simple” Program established by Resolution No. 7/24 of the Ministry of Economy and its complementary rules, the requirement will be reduced by an amount equivalent to 30% of the amounts of the financing in pesos granted by the entity within the framework of that program.

| (2) | In the case of financings included in the rules on “Line of financings for the productive investments of SMEs,” the requirement will be reduced by an amount equivalent to 40% of the financings foreseen in point 4.1. of such line of credits, provided such financings are agreed at an annual nominal interest rate of up to the interest rate set forth in section 5.1.1 of such rules, measured on a monthly average of daily balances from the previous month.

| (3) | For financial entities that have implemented the remote and face-to-face opening of the “Universal Free Account (CGU)” provided for in item 3.11. of the rules on “Savings, salary and special deposits,” the requirement will be reduced by an amount equivalent to the financing in Pesos granted as from April 1, 2021 to individuals and SMEs which have not been reported by financial entities in the Central Bank’s Credit Registry (Central de Deudores del Banco Central) as of December 2020, provided that (i) such financings have been agreed at an annual nominal interest rate that does not exceed the maximum rate established in the first paragraph of point 2.1.1 or in point 2.1.2 of the Central Bank’s rules on interest rates in credit operations, and (ii) such interest rate does not exceed the maximum rate established in the first paragraph of point 2.1.1 of the Central Bank’s rules on interest rates in credit operations applicable to Group “A” Entities, Group “B” Entities, and branches or subsidiaries of G-SIBs not included in those groups, and regardless of the amount of the financing, or the rate applicable to the rest of the financial entities pursuant to point 2.1.2 of the Central Bank’s rules on interest rates in credit operations. The requirement will be reduced by an amount equivalent to 50% of the financing in Pesos granted as from March 1, 2024 to individuals and SMEs that have not been reported by financial entities in the Register of Financial System Debtors as of December 2023. This deduction may not exceed 3% of the items in Pesos subject to requirement on average of the month prior to the month of integration. The monthly average balance of the financings reached in the period prior to the integration of the requirement shall be considered. In September and March of each year, institutions must consider the information published in the Register of Financial System Debtors as of the previous June and December, respectively. The residual balances of the financings in Pesos granted until February 29, 2024, will continue to be computed as a reduction of the minimum cash requirement in Pesos until their maturity.

| (4) | Pursuant to Communication “A” 7661, the validity of this reduction was extended from January 1, 2023 to July 30, 2023.

Depending on the cash withdrawals made through institution ATMs. The requirement will be reduced by the amount calculated on the basis of the monthly average of total daily cash withdrawals from ATMs, corresponding to the prior month, located in the institution’s operational houses, according to the jurisdiction in which is located, in accordance with the provisions of the “Locations for Financial Institutions Categorization Rules.”

For this purpose, the included ATMs are those that – at least – allow users to make cash withdrawals regardless of the institution in which they are customers and the network managing such equipment and that –on a monthly average, computing business and non-business days – have remained accessible to the public for at least ten hours a day.

Pursuant to Communication “A” 7795, from July 1, 2023, this reduction is applicable to cash withdrawals made at ATMs located in localities included in categories III to VI, as established in the rules on categorization of localities for financial entities.

| (5) | Pursuant to Communication “A” 7616:

| (6.1) | In the case of financial entities included in Group “A,” the requirement will be reduced by an amount equivalent to the 30% of the aggregate of all financing in Pesos to MiPyMEs – in accordance with the definition contained in the “Determination of the Status of Micro, Small or Medium-Sized Enterprises Rules”- agreed at a maximum interest of:

| (a) | 40% fixed nominal per annum until and including February 16, 2020 (which may continue to be counted until its termination).

| (b) | 35% fixed nominal per annum from February 17, 2020.

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For this purpose, the average monthly balance of the financings granted the period before the requirement was calculated that meets the above conditions shall be included. This deduction may not exceed 2% of the items in Pesos subject to the requirement, on average, of the month prior to the calculation.

The financings calculated for this item 4 deduction cannot be included for the determination of the item 1 above deduction.

| (6.2) | In accordance with the special treatment provided for financings under Decree No. 260/2020. The requirement will be reduced by an amount equivalent to 40% of the sum of the financings in Pesos agreed to an annual rate of up to 24% with the following objectives:

| (c) | MiPyMEs if at least 50% of such financings are allocated to working capital.

| (d) | Providers of human health services if they provide hospitalization in the framework of the health emergency as provided by Decree No. 260/2020.

| (e) | Non-MiPyMEs clients that agree such financings for the acquisition of machines and equipment produced by local MiPyMEs.

This deduction may not exceed 4% of the concepts in Pesos subject to demand on average of the month immediately previous of the month of computation, and can be extended up to 6% in the case of the following financings agreed as from July 1, 2020:

| - | Clients that received the assistance provided for in point (5) a. above, up to the total amount equivalent to the monthly wage bill (without the supplementary annual salary) to be paid by the applicant;

| - | Clients that did not received such special assistance.

| (6.3) | In accordance with the special treatment provided for under Decree No. 332/2020. The requirement will be reduced by an amount equivalent to:

| (f) | 60% of the amount of the “Zero Interest-Rate Credits,” “Loans at Subsidized Rate for Companies” and “Zero Interest-Rate Culture Credits” agreed under the framework of Decree No. 322/2020 (as amended) and disbursed until November 5, 2020;

| (g) | 24% of the “Loans at Subsidized Rate for Companies” disbursed until November 6, 2020, at a nominal annual rate of 27%;

| (h) | 7% of the “Loans at Subsidized Rate for Companies” disbursed as of November 6, 2020 at a nominal annual rate of 33%.

| (6.4) | In the case of financings to MiPyMEs not informed at the Financial System’s Debtors Center (Central de Deudores del Sistema Financiero), the requirement will be reduced by an amount equivalent to 40% of the financings in Pesos to MiPyMEs agreed at a nominal annual rate of 24% measured on a monthly average of daily balances from the previous month.

The financings computed for the deduction provided in points 1, 3, 4, 6.1, 6.2 and 6.4 can only be computed in one of the abovementioned points.

Whenever there is an excessive concentration of liabilities (in holders and/or terms), which implies a significant risk with respect to the individual liquidity of the financial institution and/or has a significant negative effect on the systemic liquidity, additional minimum cash may be set on the liabilities included in the financial entity and/or those complementary measures that are deemed pertinent.

Likewise, the minimum cash requirement may be increased due to non-compliance with the rules on the “Credit Line for productive investment.”

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In addition to the abovementioned requirements, the reserve for any defect in the application of resources in foreign currency net of the balances of cash in the entities, in custody in other entities, in transit and in Transporters of Securities, for a certain month, shall be applied to an amount equal to the minimum cash requirement of the corresponding currency for each month.

The minimum cash reserve must be set up in the same currency or securities or debt instruments for monetary regulation to which the requirement applies, and may include the following:

| (1) | Accounts maintained by financial institutions with the Central Bank in Pesos.

| (2) | Accounts of minimum cash maintained by financial institutions with the Central Bank in U.S. dollars, or other foreign currency.

| (3) | Special guarantee accounts for the benefit of electronic clearing houses and to cover settlement of credit card, vouchers, and ATM transactions and immediate transfer funds.

| (4) | Checking accounts maintained by non-bank financial institutions with commercial banks for the purpose of meeting the minimum reserve requirement.

| (5) | Special accounts maintained with the Central Bank for transactions involving social security payments by the ANSES.

| (6) | Minimum cash sub-account 60, authorized in the Registration and Settlement Central for Public Debt and Financial Trusts – CRYL (“Central de Registro y Liquidación de Pasivos Públicos y Fideicomisos Financieros – CRYL”) for public securities and securities issued by the Central Bank at their market value.

These eligible items are subject to review by the Central Bank and may be changed in the future.

Compliance with the minimum cash reserve requirement will be measured on the basis of the monthly average of the daily balances of eligible items maintained during the period to which the minimum cash reserve refers by dividing the aggregate of such balances by the total number of days in the relevant period. The compensation of deficit positions with surplus positions corresponding to different requirements will not be accepted.

The aggregate balances of the eligible items referred to above, maintained as of each daily closing, may not, on any one day during the period, be less than 25% of the total required cash reserve, determined for the next preceding period, recalculated on the basis of the requirements and items in force in the month to which the cash reserves relate, without considering the effects of the application of the provisions of section “1.7 Transfers” of the “Minimum Cash” rules. The daily minimum required is 50% when a deficit to the admitted transfer margin occurs in the previous period.

Any deficiencies in meeting the required minimum cash reserve and the daily minimum reserve in Pesos, in foreign currency, or securities or debt instruments for monetary regulation are subject to a penalty in Pesos, equal to 1.5 times the rate of the monetary policy published on the last business day of the relevant period or, if not available, the last one available.

LELIQ Global Daily Position

Pursuant to Section 8 “net position in LELIQ and NOTALIQ” of the Central Bank rules “Cash settled and forward transactions, futures, bonds, surety bonds, other derivatives and mutual funds,” financial institutions may maintain a net position in short term LELIQ global including those effectively imputed to integrate the minimum cash requirement in Pesos pursuant to sections 1.3.7.1. and 1.3.17. of the Central Bank rules “Rules of Minimum Cash,” up to an amount equivalent to the average daily balance of time deposits in Pesos of the previous period.

Financial institutions that have a percentage of time deposits in Pesos in relation to the total deposits in Pesos by such sector (measured as a monthly average of daily balances of the previous period, considering only capital without interest or adjustments) equal to or higher than 20% may maintain a joint positive net position of longer term LELIQ and variable rate Liquidity Notes (NOTALIQ).

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Since the new administration took office, the Central Bank ceased to issue Leliq and Notaliq instruments. The remaining balances of Leliqs and Notaliqs matured in January 2024 and March 2024, respectively.

Internal Liquidity Policies of Financial Institutions

Liquidity Coverage Ratio

Pursuant to the Central Bank’s regulations on the liquidity coverage ratio (the “LCR”), financial institutions must adopt management and control policies that ensure the maintenance of reasonable liquidity levels to efficiently manage their deposits and other financial commitments and must comply with the LCR established thereunder, under a 30-day stress test scenario. Such policies should establish procedures for evaluating the liquidity of the institutions in the framework of prevailing market conditions to allow them to revise projections, take steps to eliminate liquidity constraints and obtain sufficient funds, at market terms, to maintain a reasonable level of assets over the long term. Such policies should also address (i) the concentration of assets and liabilities in specific customers, (ii) the overall economic situation, likely trends and the impact on credit availability, and (iii) the ability to obtain funds by selling government debt securities and/or own assets.

The organizational structure of the entity must place a specific unit or person in charge of managing liquidity and assign levels of responsibility to the individuals who will be responsible for managing the LCR, which will require daily monitoring. The participation and coordination of the entity’s top management authority (e.g., CEO) will be necessary.

In addition, financial institutions must designate a director or advisor who will receive reports at least weekly, or more frequently if circumstances so require, such as when changes in liquidity conditions require new courses of action to safeguard the entity. In the case of branches of foreign financial institutions the reports must be delivered to the highest authority in the country.

Appointed officers and managers will be responsible for managing the liquidity policy that, in addition to monitoring the LCR, includes taking the necessary steps to comply with minimum cash requirements.

Financial institutions must report the list of such officers and directors, as well as any subsequent changes, to the Superintendency within ten (10) calendar days from the date of any such change.

Liquidity Parameters

In addition to the LCR, there are other parameters that are used as systematic tools of control. These policies contain specific information regarding cash flows, balance structure and available underlying assets free of charge. These parameters, along with the LCR, offer basic information to evaluate the liquidity risk. The included parameters are:

| ● | gaps in contractual terms;

| ● | funding concentration;

| ● | available assets free of restrictions;

| ● | LCR for relevant currency; and

| ● | market-related monitoring tools.

Additionally, Communication “A” 6209, as amended, sets forth that financial institutions must have an adequate stock of high-quality liquid assets (“HQLA”) free of any restrictions which can be immediately converted into cash in order to cover their liquidity needs during a period of 30 days in case of a stress scenario. Also, financial institutions must carry out their own stress tests so as to determine the liquidity level they should maintain in other scenarios, considering a period higher than 30 calendar days.

The LCR must be equal to or greater than 1 (that is to say, the stock of HQLA must not be lower than the total net cash outlays) in the absence of a financial stress scenario. If this is not the case, the LCR may fall below 1.

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The Central Bank describes how to categorize a stress scenario, taking into account the following: the partial loss of retail deposits; the partial loss of wholesale non-guaranteed funding capacity; the partial loss of guaranteed funding; additional fund outlays due to situations contractually provided for as a consequence of a significant decline in the financial institution’s credit quality; market volatility increases that have an effect on the quality of guarantees or on the potential future exposure of positions in derivatives; the unforeseen use of credit and liquidity facilities compromised and available but not used that the financial institution may have granted to its clients; and/or the need that the financial institution may experience to repurchase debt or to comply with non-contractual obligations so as to mitigate its reputational risk.

The LCR calculation must be made on a permanent basis and informed to the Central Bank on a monthly basis.

The HQLA can only be made up of the following portfolio assets (consider as Tier 1 (An1)) at the day of the calculation. In order to calculate the LCR, the related assets include, among others, cash in hand, in transit, in armored transportation companies and ATMs; deposits with the Central Bank; certain national public bonds in Pesos or in foreign currency; securities issued or guaranteed by the International Payments Bank, the IMF, the European Central Bank, the European Union or Multilateral Development Banks that comply with certain conditions and debt securities issued by other sovereign entities (or their central banks).

Net Stable Funding Ratio

The purpose of the net stable funding ratio (“NSFR”) is to allow financial institutions to finance their activities with sufficiently stable sources to mitigate the risk of future stress situations derived from their funding requirements. By requiring financial institutions to maintain a stable funding profile relative to the breakdown of their off-balance sheetassets and transactions, the NSFR limits the strong dependence on short term wholesale funding, promotes a better assessment of balance sheet and off-balance sheet items funding risk, and favors funding sources stability. The definitions of the components of the NSFR are similar to those set forth in the “Liquidity Coverage Ratio” regulations, unless otherwise expressly set forth herein.

The NSFR is defined as the available amount of stable funding relative to the required amount of stable funding, where: AASF (Available Amount of Stable Funding) is the capital and liabilities of the financial institution – calculated in the manner set forth in Section 2 – that are expected to be available over a one -year term. RASF (Required Amount of Stable Funding) is the amount of funding necessary for such period – calculated in the manner set forth in Section 3 – based on its liquidity and remaining life of the institution’s assets and its off-balance sheet obligations.

The NSFR shall be at all times greater than or equal to 1 (NSFR > 1). It shall be supplemented with the assessment made by the Superintendency. The Superintendency may demand the institution to adopt stricter standards to reflect its funding risk profile, also taking into account the assessment made in connection with the “Risk Management Guidelines for Financial Institutions” in connection with the institution’s liquidity.

The Financial Institutions shall observe the NSFR all times and report it on a quarterly basis to the Superintendency.

Leverage Ratio

Pursuant to Communication “A” 6431, effective as of March 1, 2018, the Central Bank incorporated a ratio to limit the leverage of financial institutions in order to avoid the adverse consequences of an abrupt reduction in leverage in the supply of credit and the economy in general, and reinforce the minimum capital requirement with a minimum capital requirement simple and not based on risk.

The leverage ratio, which must be greater than or equal to 3%, arises from the following expression:

Ratio (as %) = Measure of capital / Measure of exposure where the measure of capital will be the basic net worth, and the measure of the exposure will be the sum of (i) the exposures in the asset (excluding the items corresponding to derivatives and Securities Financing Transactions (SFT)), (ii) exposures by derivatives, (iii) exposures for SFT transactions, and (iv) off-balance-sheet items. Both measures must be calculated based on the closing balances of each quarter.

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Interest rate and fee regulations

Maximum lending rates

Communication “A” 7862 sets forth that the maximum interest rate applicable to credit card transactions shall not exceed a nominal annual rate of 122% in transactions that do not exceed Ps.200,000. If the transaction amount exceeds Ps.200,000, or if the transaction amount in foreign currency exceeds U.S.$200, the only limit that applies is the one provided in Article 16 of Law 25,065 on Credit Cards.

Regulations set forth that the fixed-rate loan agreements shall not contain clauses that allow their modification under certain circumstances, unless those modifications come from decisions taken by the competent authority and the variable-rate loan contracts must clearly specify the parameters that will be used for its determination and periodicity of variation.

With respect to transactions linked to credit cards, in addition to the above mentioned, the Article 16 of the Credit Card Law establishes that:

| ● | in those granted by financial institutions, the rate may not exceed more than 25% of the average of the interest rates applied by the entity, during the immediately preceding month, weighted by the corresponding amount of personal loans without in rem security interests granted in the same period;

| ● | in those granted by other issuing entities, the rate may not exceed the simple average of the system’s rates for open market personal loan operations (general customers) by more than 25%, with no in rem security interest, published by the Central Bank on a monthly basis, prepared on the basis of information corresponding to the second previous month, taking into account the provisions of the preceding point.

Minimum fixed-term deposit rates

Pursuant to Communication “A” 7491 (as amended by Communication “A” 7561) for financial institutions included in groups “A” and “B” for purposes of the Central Bank rules on “Minimum Cash,” and for branches or subsidiaries of foreign banks rated as systemically important (G-SIBs) which are not included in the groups mentioned above, a minimum deposit rate shall apply, which shall be timely disclosed by the Central Bank, to deposits in Pesos which are not adjustable by “UVA” or “UVI” on behalf of holders of the non-financial private sector.

During 2023, pursuant to Communication “A” 7949, fixed-term deposits that do not exceed a total of $30 million at the date of constitution of each fixed-term deposit and that are constituted by individuals in financial institutions had a passive rate of 110% of the monetary policy rate of the day prior to that in which the impositions were made, or the last one disclosed, as the case may be. In the case of fixed-term deposits constituted in the name of two or more individuals, the amount of the fixed-term deposit will be distributed proportionally among its holders.

For fixed-term deposits not included in the preceding paragraph, the deposit rate was 110% of the monetary policy rate of the day prior to the day on which the deposits are made, or the last one disclosed, as the case may be.

Communication “A” 7978 of the Central Bank established that as from March 12, 2024, the remuneration for time deposits at fixed rates set forth in point 1.11.1. of the rules on “Time Deposits and Investments” can be freely agreed upon.

Fees

Central Bank regulations grant broad protection to financial services customers since 2013. The protection includes, among other things, the regulation of fees and commissions charged by financial institutions for services provided. According to Central Bank rules on “Protection to Financial Services Customers,” fees and charges must represent a real, direct and demonstrable cost and should be supported by a technical and economic justification. It is worth noting that Section 2.3.2.2 of Central Bank rules on “Protection to Financial Services Customers” sets forth certain exceptions to the application of fees and charges, such as for insurance services and SMEs for over-the-counter cash deposits.

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Fees and charges are not applicable for immediate electronic transfers if such transfers are ordered by final customers of financial services, the individual or entity which orders the transfer is the same individual or entity receiving the transfer, and such transfers are ordered or received in accounts for judicial use.

Central Bank Communication “A” 6212, which became effective as of April 1, 2017, reduced the commissions on credit card and debit card sales pursuant to a gradual annual plan. Pursuant to Communication “A” 6212, the maximum credit card sales commission rate for 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was 2.0%, 1.85%, 1.65% and 1.50%, respectively. For 2021 and thereafter, the maximum credit card sales commission rate is 1.30%. The maximum debit card sales commissions for 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was 1.0%, 0.90%, 0.80% and 0.70%, respectively. For 2021 and thereafter, the maximum debit card sales commission rate is 0.60%. In June 2022, the Central Bank issued Communication “A” 7533, which sets forth that debit cards sales commission fees must not exceed 0.60% and credit cards sales commission fees must not exceed 1.30%. As of the date of this annual report, these rates are in effect.

On February 19, 2020 by means of Communication “A” 6912, the Central Bank established that for 180 business days from February 19, 2020 financial entities could not increase commissions to customers of financial services, nor announce new commissions, except for those which have already been announced. This regulation was further extended until February 28, 2021 and afterwards by means of Communication “A” 7158 the Central Bank established that, until February 28, 2021, financial entities must not increase the fees for credit cards related services, including issuance, renewal, administration or maintenance services, and for savings accounts related services, by more than 9% in January 2021 and or February 2021.

On March 26, 2020, by means of Communication “A” 6945 (as amended by Communications “A” 6957, “A” 6963, “A” 7009, “A” 7044, “A” 7107 and “A” 7181), the Central Bank determined that until March 31, 2021, any banking transactions made through ATMs would not be subject to any charges or fees. After March 31, 2021, banks are authorized to charge commissions for ATM transactions, but these are still free of charge for users with salary accounts, retirement accounts and beneficiaries of social plans. The use free of charge of ATM networks will continue after March 31, 2021 for all users of the financial system. After that date, only holders of debit cards associated with salary accounts, retirement payments or social plans will be able to continue using any ATM free of charge, regardless of the bank or network to which they belong. The rest of the users may use the ATM services provided by their bank free of charge.

Maximum term for payments to commerces and providers

By virtue of Communication “A” 6680, effective as of May 1, 2019, the Central Bank established a maximum term of ten business days for financial entities to deposit payments to commerces and providers for sales made via credit cards or purchase cards, calculated from the sale date. Furthermore, financial entities shall not charge any fee or interest related to such payment term, nor block this payment mechanism in any way.

Nevertheless, by virtue of Communication “A” 6680, the Central Bank excluded from the scope of the provisions disclosed by Communication “A” 6680 the credit and/or purchase cards issued to individuals or legal entities that are intended for the payment of purchases with a deferred term or more than one month related to their productive activity, i.e. agricultural o distribution activities.

On the other hand, Communication “A” 7305, which was issued on June 11, 2021 and effective as of July 1, 2021, establishes new deadlines for financial institutions to credit the amount of the sales made in one payment by using credit and/or purchase cards to the deposit account opened in the name of the supplier or affiliated business. These new deadlines are: (i) eight business days if they are micro or small companies and/or are individuals, (ii) ten business days for those categorized as medium-sized companies and those whose business activity is “lodging, tourism, gastronomy and/or health services,” and (iii) eighteen business days for the rest of the cases. In all these cases, the new deadlines shall be counted from the date of the purchase by the card holder or beneficiary. The financial entities will not be able to charge any interests or commissions in relation to these deadlines nor shall impede the use of credit and/or purchase cards. Pursuant to Communication “A” 7919, as of the date of this annual report these deadlines remain in effect.

Loans and Housing Units

The Central Bank has adopted measures for taking deposits and extending loans expressed in a special measuring unit adjustable by the CER. These special units are referred to as Adjustable Purchase Value Units (Unidades de Valor Adquisitivo Actualizables, or “UVAs”).

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In addition, Law No. 27,271 provides for the adjustment of deposits and loans by reference to the construction index, expressed in a special measuring unit referred to as Housing Units (Unidades de Vivienda or “UVI”)

Consequently, UVAs and UVIs coexist and may be used both with respect to bank loans and deposits.

The initial value of the UVI was Ps.14.05 (the same as the UVA), representing the cost of construction of one thousandth square meter of housing as of March 31, 2016. As of April 18, 2024, the value of UVI and UVA were Ps.670.95 and Ps.854.09, respectively.

Both units are amended based on the indices published by the INDEC and the Central Bank on their websites.

Foreign Exchange System

On September 1, 2019, with the purpose of strengthening the normal functioning of the economy, the Argentine government reinstated exchange controls. The new controls apply to access to the foreign exchange market by residents for savings and investment purposes abroad, the payment of external financial debts abroad, the payment of dividends in foreign currency abroad, payments of imports of goods and services, and the obligation to repatriate and settle for Pesos the proceeds from exports of goods and services, among others.

For further information on this topic, please refer to “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls.”

Foreign Currency Lending Capacity

The Regulations on the allocation of deposits in foreign currencies, (including Communication “A” 6428 as amended), establish that the lending capacity from foreign currency deposits, must be applied in the corresponding deposit currency to the following categories:

| (a) | pre-financing and financing of exports to be made directly or through principals, trustees or other brokers, acting on behalf of the owner of the merchandise;

| (b) | other financing of exports which have a flow of future income in foreign currency and verify, in the year prior to granting the financing, a billing in foreign currency for an amount that is reasonably related to that financing;

| (c) | financing to producers, processors or goods collectors, provided that:

| (i) | they have sale contracts for the sale of their goods to an exporter, with a fixed price or fixed in foreign currency -independently of the currency in which the operation is settled- and in the case of fungible goods with quotation, in foreign currency, normal and customary in local or foreign markets, with wide diffusion and easy access to public knowledge;

| (ii) | its main activity is the production, processing and / or collection of fungible goods with quotation, in foreign currency, normal and usual in foreign markets, widely disseminated and easy access to public knowledge, and it is found, in the year prior to the granting of financing, a total billing of these goods for an amount that is reasonably related to that activity and its financing; and also operations aimed to finance service providers directly used in exporting process of goods (such as those provided at port terminals, international loading and unloading services, leasing containers or port warehouses, international freights ). This, provided it is verified that the flow of future income linked to sales to exporters registers a periodicity and magnitude that it is enough for the cancellation of the financing and it is verified, in the year prior to the granting of the financing, a billing to exporters for an amount that is reasonably related to that activity and its financing.

| (d) | financing for manufacturers of goods to be exported, as final products or as part of other goods, by third-party purchasers, provided that such transactions are secured or collateralized in foreign currency by third-party purchasers;

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| (e) | financing of suppliers of goods and/or services that are part of the production process of fungibles goods with quotation, in foreign currency, normal and usual in local or foreign markets, widely disseminated and easy access to public knowledge, provided they have firm sales contracts for those goods and/or services in foreign currency and/or on said goods;

| (f) | financing of investment projects, working capital and/or acquisition of all kinds of goods, including temporary imports of inputs, which increases or are linked to the production of exporting products. Even though the total income of the exporting companies does not come from their exports, the financing may be imputed when the cash flow in foreign currency from their exports, is enough for its cancelation;

| (g) | financings to commercial portfolio clients and loans granted for consumption or housing purposes-according to the provisions established in the rules on “Classification of debtors,” whose destination is the importation of capital goods (“BK” in accordance with the Mercosur’s Common Nomenclature established in Annex I to Decree No. 690/02 and other complementary provisions), which increase the production of merchandise destined for the domestic market;

| (h) | foreign currency debt securities or financial trust participation certificates including other payment rights specifically recognized on trust agreements whose underlying assets are loans made by the financial entities in the manners set forth in (a) to (d) above and first sentence of (f), or documents in which cash flows in Pesos or foreign currency have been assigned to the trustee, in foreign currency credit agreements, under the terms and conditions set forth in items mentioned before;

| (i) | financings for purposes other than those mentioned in (a) to (d) above, included under the IDB credit program (“Préstamos BID N° 119/OC-AR”), not exceeding 10% of the lending capacity;

| (j) | inter-financing loans;

| (k) | Central Bank bills (Letras y Notas) denominated in dollars;

| (l) | direct investments abroad by companies that reside in Argentina, that seek the development of productive activities of non-financial goods and/or services, either through contributions and/or purchases of shares in companies, to the extent that they are constituted in countries or territories considered cooperators for the purposes of fiscal transparency according to the provisions of article 1 of Decree No. 589/13 as amended;

| (m) | financing of investment projects, including working capital, that allow the increase of production in the energy sector and have firm sales contracts and/or endorsements or guarantees in foreign currency.

| (n) | national treasury bills in foreign currency, up to an amount equivalent to one third of the total of the applications made in accordance with the provisions of this section;

| (o) | financing of investment projects for bovine cattle, including their working capital, without exceeding 5% of deposits in foreign currency of the entity;

| (p) | financing of foreign importers for the acquisition of goods and / or services produced in the country, either directly or through credit lines to foreign banks; and

| (q) | Financing of local residents that are secured by letters of credit (“stand-by letters of credit”) issued by foreign banks or multilateral development banks that comply with the provisions of point 3.1. of regulations on “Credit assessments,” requiring for that purpose an international rating of investment grade risk, to the extent that such letters of credit are unrestricted and that the accreditation of the funds is made immediately at the simple request of the beneficiary entity.

The lending capacity shall be determined for each foreign currency raised, resulting from the aggregate of deposits and inter-financial loans received, which have been reported by the granting financial institution as coming from its foreign currency deposit lending capacity net of the minimum cash requirement on deposits, and such determination being made on the basis of the monthly average of daily balances recorded during each calendar month. Any defect in the application shall give rise to an increase in the minimum cash requirement in the relevant foreign currency.

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General Exchange Position

The general exchange position (“GEP”) includes all the liquid external assets of the institution, such as gold, currency and foreign currency notes reserves, sight deposits in foreign banks, investments in securities issued by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) members’ governments with a sovereign debt rating not below “AA,” certificates of time deposits in foreign institutions (rated not less than “AA”), correspondents’ debit and credit balances and third parties funds pending of settlement. It also includes purchases and sales of these assets already arranged and pending settlement involving foreign exchange purchases and sales performed with customers within a term not exceeding two (2) business days and correspondent balances for third-party transfers pending settlement. It does not include, however, foreign currency notes held in custody, term sales and purchases of foreign currency or securities nor direct investments abroad.

Pursuant to Communication “A” 6244, as amended, which entered into force on July 1, 2017, entities can freely determine the level and use of their GEP, thus allowing such entities to manage their exchange positions, both regarding the composition of their assets, as well as the possibility to maintain or transfer their holdings out of the country, with its subsequent impact on the reserves.

Furthermore, the aforementioned regulation establishes that the entities shall carry out arbitrage and foreign exchange operations, to the extent that the counterparty is a branch or agency of local official banks, a foreign financial institution, total or majority ownership of an entity in foreign states, a foreign financial or exchange entity that is not incorporated in countries or territories where the Recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force, or a foreign company dedicated to the trading of banknotes from different countries and / or precious metals in coins or bars of good delivery and whose head office is located in a member country of the Basel Committee for Banking Supervision.

Further changes to the GEP regulation have been introduced by Communications “A” 6770, 6780 and 6856. Prior approval by the Central Bank is required to increase the ownership of foreign currency from the higher of the average foreign currency owned in August 2019 and at the closure of August 31, 2019. Moreover, the institutions are not permitted to buy securities on the secondary market with liquidation on foreign currency.

Foreign Currency Net Global Position

The foreign currency net global position shall consider all assets, liabilities, commitments and other instruments and transactions through financial intermediation in foreign currency or linked to exchamge rate movement, including cash forward transactions and other derivative contracts, deposits in foreign currency in accounts opened with the Central Bank, gold, position, the Central Bank monetary regulation instruments in foreign currency, subordinated debt in foreign currency and debt instruments in foreign currency.

Forward transactions under master agreements executed in authorized domestic markets paid by settlement of the net amount without delivery of the underlying asset are also included. Likewise, certificates or notes issued by financial trusts and claims under common trusts are also included in the relevant proportion, provided that the underlying assets are denominated in foreign currency. The value of the position in currencies other than U.S. dollars shall be expressed in that currency, at the respective exchange rate published by the Central Bank.

Decreases in foreign currency assets due to the pre-cancellation of local financing to private sector customers, can only offset the foreign currency net global position up to the original term of maturity with the net increase in holdings of National Treasury securities in foreign currency. At the original maturity of local financing in foreign currency, it may be offset with the purchase of any foreign currency assets computable at the foreign currency net global position. At the original maturity of the local financing in foreign currency, it may be offset by the purchase of any foreign currency asset computable inthe foreign currency net global position.

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The following instruments are excluded from the ratio: deductible assets when determining a bank’s RPC, Argentine government bonds linked to the growth of the GDP, the concepts that the financial entity registers in its branches abroad, the balances corresponding to the “special accounts for holders with agricultural activity” and the “special accounts for exporters,” certain non-transferable domestic bills of the Central Bank denominated in Pesos, the public and private securities denominated in Pesos which are adjustable by the exchange rate, and the loan agreements denominated in Pesos with variable remuneration based on the variation of the U.S. dollars that are not covered by the term investments with variable remuneration based on the U.S. dollar.

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Limits

Negative Foreign Currency Net Global Position (liabilities exceeding assets)

The limit is 30% of the RPC of the immediately preceding month (Communication “A” 7417).

Positive Foreign Currency Net Global Position (assets exceeding liabilities)

This daily position (daily balance converted to Pesos at the reference exchange rate of the immediately preceding month) cannot exceed 5% of the RPC of the immediately preceding month.

As of June 18, 2018, the Central Bank allows that the Positive Foreign Currency Net Global Position may reach up to 30% of the RCP, while the total excess over the general limit originates only as a result of:

| (a) | increase in the position in U.S. treasury bills in U.S. dollars with respect to those held as of June 15, 2018;

| (b) | position in national treasury bills in U.S. dollars as of June 15, 2018, maintained as excess admitted to the current limit as of that date; and/or

| (c) | increase in the position in national treasury bills linked to U.S. dollars with respect to those held as of May 13, 2019.

As provided by Communication “A” 7093 (as amended by Communication “A” 7395), it includes national treasury bills denominated in foreign currency that the institutions receive in exchange for National Treasury Bills – under Law No. 27,556 – that they have imputed to this point on the Business Day immediately preceding the day on which they are delivered in exchange. Loan agreements in Pesos with variable remuneration based on the fluctuation of the U.S. dollar rate agreed until May 27, 2020, which are not hedged with term investments with variable remuneration based on the U.S. dollar, are excluded for the determination of the foreign currency net global position.

The excesses of these ratios are subject to a charge equal to 1.5 times the rate of the monetary policy published on the last business day of the relevant period or, if not available, the last one available for a shorter term. Charges not paid when due are subject to a charge equal to one and a half times the charge established for excesses.

In addition to the above-mentioned charge, sanctions set forth in section 41 of the FIL shall apply (including caution, warning, fine, temporary or permanent disqualification to dispose of a banking current account, temporary or permanent disqualification to act as promoters, founders, directors, administrators, members of surveillance committees, comptrollers, liquidators, managers, auditors, partner or shareholders, and license revocation).

Fixed Assets and Other Items

The Central Bank determines that the fixed assets and other items maintained by the financial entities must not exceed 100% of the entity’s RPC.

Such fixed assets and other items include the following:

| · | Shares of local companies;

| · | Miscellaneous receivables;

| · | Property and equipment; and

| · | Other assets.

The calculation of such assets will be effected according to the month-end balances, net of devaluations, accumulated amortizations and allowances for loan losses.

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Non-compliance with the ratio produces an increase in the minimum capital requirements equal to 100% of the excess on the ratio.

Credit Ratings

Since November 28, 2014, Communication “A” 5671, as amended by Communication “A” 6558, supersedes the provisions issued by the Central Bank containing ratings requirements assigned by a local risk rating company. Where provisions require certain international ratings, the criteria set forth by Communication “A” 5671 govern.

The provisions of Communication “A” 5671 are basic guidelines to properly assess the credit risk that financial institutions must observe when implementing Central Bank rules including the requirement of a particular rating and do not replace the credit assessment that each financial institution must make to their counterparts. International credit ratings that refer to these provisions shall be issued by rating agencies that have a code of conduct based on the “Principles of the Code of Conduct for Agents Rate Risk” issued by the International Organization of Securities Commissions (“IOSCO”).

Annex II of Communication “A” 5671 provides a table regarding the new qualification requirements for financial institutions. This table classifies the credit ratings requirements for different transactions.

Debt Classification and Loan Loss Provisions

Credit Portfolio

The regulations on debt classification are designed pursuant to Central Bank rules, which differ from IFRS to establish clear guidelines for identifying and classifying the quality of assets, as well as evaluating the actual or potential risk of a lender sustaining losses on principal or interest, in order to determine (taking into account any loan security) whether the provisions against such contingencies are adequate. Banks must classify their loan portfolios into two different categories: (i) consumer or housing loans and (ii) commercial loans. Consumer or housing loans include housing loans, consumer loans, credit-card financings, loans of up to Ps.85,260,000 to micro-credit institutions and commercial loans of up to Ps.426,300,000 with or without preferred guarantees. All other loans are considered commercial loans. Consumer or housing loans in excess of Ps.426,300,000, the repayment of which is linked to the evolution of its productive or commercial activity, are classified as commercial loans.

At the entity’s option, financing of a commercial nature of up to Ps.426,300,000, whether or not such financing has preferred guarantees, may be grouped together with credits for consumption or housing, in such case they will receive the treatment provided for the latter. If a customer has both kinds of loans (commercial and consumer or housing loans), the consumer or housing loans will be added to the commercial portfolio to determine under which portfolio they should be classified based on the amount indicated. In these cases, the loans secured by preferred guarantees shall be considered to be at 50% of its face value.

Under the current debt classification system, each customer, as well as the customer’s outstanding debts, are included within one of six sub-categories. The debt classification criteria applied to the consumer loan portfolio are primarily based on objective factors related to customers’ performance of their obligations or their legal standing, while the key criterion for classifying the commercial loan portfolio is each borrower’s paying ability based on their future cash flow. In addition, on February 2, 2023, the Central Bank issued Communication “A” 7687 in order to provide financing to the economic sectors which had been affected by the droughts which occurred in Argentina during 2023. This regulation provides rules to compute the terms in arrears to consider a producers to whom the Agricultural Emergency Law applies as a debtor. These debtors are classified in: (i) category 1 debtors (normal situation), which are allowed to incur in up to 75 days in arrears in the payment of its obligations; (ii) category 2 debtos (with special monitoring or low risk), such term will be 76 and up to 75 days in arrears in the payment of its obligations; (iii) category 3 debtors (with special follow-up or low risk), such term shall be 76 and up to 135 days of arrears; and (iv) category 4 debtors (with problems or medium risk): such term shall be 136 and up to 225 days of arrears.

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Commercial Loans Classification

The principal criterion used to evaluate a loan pertaining to the commercial portfolio is its borrower’s ability to repay, whose ability is mainly measured by such borrower’s future cash flow. Pursuant to Central Bank rules, commercial loans are classified as follows:

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Classification |  | Criteria
Performing |  | Borrowers that demonstrate their ability to comply with their payment obligations. High repayment capacity.
Subject to Special Monitoring/Under observation |  | Borrowers that, among other criteria, are up to 90 days past due and, although considered to be able to meet all their financial obligations, are sensitive to changes that could compromise their ability to honor debts absent timely corrective measures.
Subject to Special Monitoring/Under negotiation or refinancing agreement |  | Borrowers who are unable to comply with their obligations as agreed with the bank and, therefore, formally state, within 60 calendar days after the maturity date, their intention to refinance such debts. The borrower must enter into a refinancing agreement with the bank within 90 calendar days (if up to two lenders are involved) or 180 calendar days (if more than two lenders are involved) after the payment default date. If no agreement has been reached within the established deadline, the borrower must be reclassified to the next category according to the indicators established for each level.
With Special Treatment |  | Borrowers who are unable to comply with their obligations as agreed with the bank performed their first new agreement in the year and payed at least the first payment.
Troubled |  | Borrowers with difficulties honoring their financial obligations under the loan on a regular basis, which, if uncorrected, may result in losses to the bank.
With High Risk of Insolvency |  | Borrowers who are highly unlikely to honor their financial obligations under the loan.
Irrecoverable |  | Loans classified as irrecoverable at the time they are reviewed (although the possibility might exist that such loans might be collected in the future). The borrower will not meet its financial obligations with the financial institution. According to the Central bank rules, a loan is classified as irrecoverable if: (a) the borrower has defaulted on its payment obligations under a loan for more than 180 calendar days according to the corresponding report provided by the Central Bank, which report includes: (1) financial institutions liquidated by the Central Bank, (2) residual entities created as a result of the privatization of public financial institutions, or in the privatization or dissolution process, (3) financial institutions whose licenses have been revoked by the Central Bank and find themselves subject to judicial liquidation or bankruptcy proceedings, and (4) trusts in which SEDESA (as defined below) is a beneficiary; or (b) certain kinds of foreign borrowers (including banks or other financial institutions that are not subject to the supervision of the Central Bank or similar authority of the country in which they are incorporated) that are not classified as “investment grade” by any of the rating agencies approved by the Central Bank.
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Consumer and Housing Loans Classification

The principal criterion used in the assessment of loans in the consumer and housing portfolio is the duration of the default on such loans. Under the Central Bank rules, consumer and housing borrowers are classified as follows:

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Classification |  | Criteria(2)
Performing |  | If all payments on loans are current or less than 31 calendar days overdue and, in the case of checking account overdrafts, less than 61 calendar days overdue.
Low Risk |  | Loans upon which payment obligations are overdue for a period of more than 31 and up to 90 calendar days.
With Special Treatment |  | Borrowers who are unable to comply with their obligations as agreed with the bank performed their first new agreement in the year and payed at least the first payment.
Medium Risk |  | Loans upon which payment obligations are overdue for a period of more than 90 and up to 180 calendar days.
High Risk |  | Loans in respect of which a legal action seeking collection has been filed or loans having payment obligations overdue for more than 180 calendar days, but less than 365 calendar days.
Irrecoverable |  | Loans in which payment obligations are more than one year overdue or the debtor is insolvent or in bankruptcy or liquidation.

Allowances for Loan Losses

Grupo Supervielle recognises the allowance for loan losses under the expected credit losses method included in IFRS 9. The most significant judgements of the model relate to defining what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk, determining the life of revolving facilities, and in making assumptions and estimates to incorporate relevant information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of economic conditions. A high degree of uncertainty is involved in making estimations using assumptions that are highly subjective and very sensitive to the risk factors.

In Note 1.11 to our audited consolidated financial statements, provides more detail of how the expected credit loss allowance is measured.

Priority Rights of Depositors

Under Section 49 of the FIL, in the event of judicial liquidation or bankruptcy of a bank all depositors, irrespective of the type, amount or currency of their deposits, will be senior to the other remaining creditors (such as shareholders of the bank), with exceptions made for certain labor liens (section 53 paragraphs “a” and “b”) and for those creditors backed by a pledge or mortgage, in the following order of priority: (a) deposits of up to Ps.50,000 per person (including all amounts such person deposited in one financial entity), or its equivalent in foreign currency, (b) all deposits of an amount higher than Ps.50,000, or its equivalent in foreign currency, and (c) the liabilities originated in commercial lines granted to the financial institution and which directly affect international commerce. Furthermore, pursuant to section 53 of the FIL, as amended, Central Bank claims have absolute priority over other claims, except for pledged or mortgaged claims, certain labor claims, the depositors’ claims pursuant to section 49, paragraph e), points i) and ii), debt granted under section 17, paragraphs (b), (c) and (f) of the Central Bank’s Charter (including discounts granted by financial entities due to a temporary lack of liquidity, advances to financial entities with security interest, assignment of rights, pledges or special assignment of certain assets) and debt granted by the Banking Liquidity Fund backed by a pledge or mortgage.

The amendment to section 35 bis of the FIL Law by Law No. 25,780 sets forth that if a bank is in a situation where the Central Bank may revoke its authorization to operate and become subject to dissolution or liquidation by judicial resolution, the Central Bank’s Board of Directors may take certain actions. Among these actions, in the case of excluding the transfer of assets and liabilities to financial trusts or other financial entities, the Central Bank may totally or partially exclude the liabilities mentioned in section 49, paragraph e), as well as debt defined in section 53, giving effect to the order of priority among creditors. Regarding the partial exclusion, the order of priority of point e) section 49 must be followed without giving a different treatment to liabilities of the same grade.

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Mandatory Deposit Insurance System

Law No. 24,485 passed on April 12, 1995, as amended, created a Deposit Insurance System, or “SSGD,” which is mandatory for bank deposits, and delegated the responsibility for organizing and implementing the system to the Central Bank. The SSGD is a supplemental protection to the privilege granted to depositors by means of Section 49 of the FIL, as mentioned above.

The SSGD has been implemented through the establishment of a Deposit Guarantee Fund, or “FGD,” managed by a private-sector corporation called Seguro de Depósitos Sociedad Anónima, (Deposit Insurance Corporation, or “SEDESA”). According to Decree No. 1292/96, the shareholders of SEDESA are the government through the Central Bank and a trust set up by the participating financial institutions. These institutions must pay into the FGD a monthly contribution determined by Central Bank rules. The SSGD is financed through regular and additional contributions made by financial institutions, as provided for in Central Bank Communication “A” 4271, dated December 30, 2004.

The SSGD covers deposits made by Argentine individuals and legal entities in Pesos or foreign currency and maintained in accounts with the participating financial institutions, including checking accounts, savings accounts, and time deposits up to the amount of Ps.1,500,000, as set forth by Central Bank Communication “A” 6973 of the Central Bank, as amended. However, pursuant to Communication “A” 7661, the Central Bank raised the amount covered by the Deposit Insurance System to Ps.6,000,000. Pursuant to Communication “A” 7985, the Central Bank raised the amount covered by the Deposit Insurance System to Ps.25,000,000 effective April 1, 2024.

Effective payment on this guaranty will be made within thirty (30) business days after revocation of the license of the financial institution in which the funds are held; such payments are subject to the exercise of the depositor’s priority rights described above.

In view of the circumstances affecting the financial system, Decree No. 214/2002 provided that SEDESA may issue registered securities for the purpose of offering them to depositors in payment of the guarantee in the event it should not have sufficient funds available.

The SSGD does not cover: (i) deposits maintained by financial institutions in other financial institutions, including certificates of deposit bought in the secondary market, (ii) deposits made by persons directly or indirectly affiliated with the institution, (iii) time deposits of securities, acceptances or guarantees, (iv) any transferable time deposits that have been transferred by endorsement, (v) any deposits in which the agreed-upon interest rate is higher than the reference interest rates periodically released by the Central Bank for time deposits, with the exception of those arranged in Pesos at the minimum nominal rate, and they shall also be excluded if these interest rate ceilings are distorted by additional incentives or rewards, and (vi) immobilized balances from deposits and excluded transactions.

Pursuant to Communication “A” 5943, every financial institution is required to contribute to the FGD a monthly amount of 0.015% of the monthly average of daily balances of deposits in local and foreign currency, as determined by the Central Bank.

When fixed term deposits in U.S. dollars of the private non-financial sector are used to purchase Central Bank bills denominated in U.S. dollars, financial institutions must contribute 0.015% of the monthly average of daily balances of the net position of such bills. Prompt contribution of such amounts is a condition precedent to the continuing operation of the financial institution. The first contribution was made on May 24, 1995. The Central Bank may require financial institutions to advance the payment of up to the equivalent of two years of monthly contributions and debit the past due contributions from funds of the financial institutions deposited with the Central Bank. The Central Bank may require additional contributions by certain institutions, depending on its evaluation of the financial condition of those institutions.

When the contributions to the FGD reach the greater of Ps.2 billion or 5.0% of the total deposits of the system, the Central Bank may suspend or reduce the monthly contributions, and reinstate them when the contributions subsequently fall below that level.

Other Restrictions

Pursuant to the FIL, financial institutions cannot create any kind of rights over their assets without the Central Bank’s authorization. Furthermore, in accordance with section 72 of Capital Markets Law, publicly offered companies are forbidden to enter into transactions with their directors, officers or affiliates in terms more favorable than arms-length transactions.

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Capital Markets

Commercial banks are authorized to subscribe for and sell shares and debt securities. At present, there are no statutory limitations as to the amount of securities for which a bank may undertake to subscribe. However, under Central Bank rules, underwriting of debt securities by a bank would be treated as “financial assistance” and, accordingly, until the securities are sold to third parties, such underwriting would be subject to limitations.

The Argentine Capital Markets Law introduced substantial changes to regulations governing markets, stock exchanges and the various agents operating in capital markets, in addition to certain amendments to the CNV’s powers. On September 9, 2013, the CNV published the CNV Rules supplementing the Capital Markets Law. The CNV Rules have been in force since September 18, 2013.

One of the most significant modifications introduced by the Argentine Capital Markets Law and the CNV Rules is that agents and markets must comply with the CNV’s requirements for applying for an authorization to operate, as well as registration requirements. It further provides that each category of agent must meet minimum net worth and liquidity requirements.

Additionally, under the Capital Markets Law, the self-regulation of markets was eliminated, and authorization, supervision, control, as well as disciplinary and regulatory powers, are conferred to the CNV regarding all capital market players.

The Argentine Productive Financing Law modified the Argentine Capital Markets Law and other related laws, and introduced some important changes such as, among others:

| ● | reestablished certain markets self-regulation (which had been eliminated by the Argentine Capital Markets Law);

| ● | eliminated the powers granted to the CNV allowing it to appoint observers and intervene a company’s board of directors without first obtaining a court order;

| ● | introduced several changes in the internal organization of the CNV and in the appointment of its board, such as allowing the president of the CNV to have a decisive vote in case of tie in the decision making of the board and adopt urgent resolutions together with two directors in case of exceptional circumstances prevent the assemblies from taking place;

| ● | empowered the CNV to regulate the private placement of negotiable securities so that these do not qualify as “public offers”;

| ● | as long as a mandatory offer is not required in cases where the buyer acquires control or more than 50% of voting rights shares of a company listed, either directly or indirectly;

| ● | modified some antiquated provisions related to the mutual fund system (such as the solidarity between the asset management company and the custodian, and the double registration of guidelines for investment in the CNV and in the Public Registry of Commerce);

| ● | created a “legal microsystem” for capital markets where certain provisions of the Civil and Commercial Code or Argentine Contest and Bankruptcy Law were not applicable;

| ● | promoted the financing of MiPyMes through the regulation of the issuance of electronic invoices with powers to easily execute them against the debtor and subject to negotiation or discount in the capital markets;

| ● | promoted mortgage financing by improving the regulation of mortgage bills and the securitization of mortgages;

| ● | empowered the CNV to rule crowfunding for entrepreneurs and the promotion of “financial inclusion” through programs and development plans; and

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| ● | allowed legal entities incorporated abroad to participate, through a representative duly authorized, at the shareholders’ meetings of the companies authorized by the CNV to make public offerings of their shares, without the need for additional registration.

Buenos Aires Deposits of Large Amount Rate (“BADLAR)”

Interest rate paid for time deposits of more than Ps.1 million, by the average of financial entities. (Buenos Aires Deposits of Large Amount Rate)

The information published by the Central Bank is broken down by total financial system and private banks.

Minimum Interest Rate On Time Deposit Rates

Pursuant to Communication “A” 7491 (as amended by Communication “A” 7561) for financial institutions included in groups “A” and “B” for purposes of the Central Bank rules on “Minimum Cash,” and for branches or subsidiaries of foreign banks rated as systemically important (G-SIBs) which are not included in the groups mentioned above, a minimum deposit rate shall apply, which shall be timely disclosed by the Central Bank, to deposits in Pesos which are not adjustable by “UVA” or “UVI” on behalf of holders of the non-financial private sector.

Pursuant to Communication “A” 7978 dated March 11, 2024, the Central Bank established that, for deposits made as from March 12, 2024, the remuneration for fixed rate time deposits, as provided in point 1.11.1 of the rules on deposits and rerm investments, can be agreed between the contracting parties.

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Central Bank Repo Transactions- Interest Rate

Passive repo transactions are a type of financing transaction between banks which are common in the financial market. These transactions are made through contracts pursuant to which the Central Bank, which acts as the repurchasing party, acquires public or private securities from a bank in exchange of cash, and the Central Bank and the selling bank agree that the selling bank will repurchase such securities on a certain date and at a certain price. The difference between the spot purchase price of the securities and the forward sale price determines the interest rate applicable to the of Passive repo transactions.

As of August 12, 2022, by means of Communication “A” 7579, the Central Bank agreed to offer 1-day Central Bank passive repo transactions against mutual funds. These offers will be made against Internal Bills of the Central Bank denominated in Pesos for FCI LETFCI, at 1 business day term and at an annual nominal rate which will be duly notified by the Central Bank. The sole registration, settlement and depository agent of the collaterals will be the “Central de Registro y Liquidación de Instrumentos de Deuda Pública, Regulación Monetaria y Fideicomisos Financieros CRyL.” In addition, as of January 27, 2023, by means of Communication “B” 12467, the Central Bank decided to fix the rate of the mutual funds passive rate by applying the coefficient of 0.85 to the rate in effect for 1-day term passive rate with financial institutions. In addition, since the beginning of 2024, the Central Bank began to apply a new monetary policy management strategy whereby it replaced the use of four-week promissory notes with one-day Central Bank passive repo transactions in order to reduce borrowing costs.

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Financial Institutions with Economic Difficulties

The FIL provides that any financial institution, including a commercial bank, (i) with its solvency impaired, in the judgment of the Central Bank; (ii) recording deficiencies on the minimum cash reserve requirement during the periods established by the Central Bank; (iii) recording repeated failures to comply with the various limits or technical relations established; or (iv) that could not maintain the minimum asset liability required for its particular class, location or characteristics, must (upon request from the Central Bank and in order to avoid the revocation of its license) prepare a restructuring plan (plan de regularización y saneamiento). The plan must be submitted to the Central Bank on a specified date, no later than thirty (30) calendar days from the date on which a request to that effect is made by the Central Bank. If the institution fails to submit, secure regulatory approval of, or comply with, a restructuring plan, the Central Bank will be empowered to revoke the institution’s license to operate as such, without prejudice to the application of the penalties provided for in the aforementioned law.

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The Central Bank may appoint overseers with veto power, require the provision of guarantees and limit or forbid the distribution or remittance of profits, temporarily admit exceptions to the relevant limits and technical relations, exempt or defer the payment of charges and/or fines as provided by the Financial Institutions Law.

The Central Bank’s charter authorizes the Superintendency to fully or partially suspend, exclusively subject to the approval of the President of the Central Bank, the operations of a financial institution for a term of thirty (30) days if the liquidity or solvency thereof is adversely affected. Such term could be renewed for up to ninety (90) additional days, with the approval of the Central Bank’s Board of Directors. During such suspension term an automatic stay of claims, enforcement actions and precautionary measures is triggered, any commitment increasing the financial institution’s obligations shall be null and void, and debt acceleration and interest accrual shall be suspended.

Institution Restructuring to Safeguard Credit and Bank Deposits

If a financial institution meets the Central Bank’s criteria and is found to be in any of the situations set forth in Section 44 of the FIL, the Central Bank may authorize the restructuring of the financial institution in defense of depositors, prior to revocation of the authorization to operate. The restructuring plan may consist of certain steps, including, among others:

| ● | adoption of a list of measures to capitalize or increase the capital of the financial institution;

| ● | revoke the approval granted to the shareholders of the financial institution to hold interests therein;

| ● | exclusion or transfer assets and liabilities;

| ● | judicial intervention of the institution, displacing the statutory administrative authorities, and determine the capabilities needed to comply with the assigned function.

Revocation of the License to Operate as a Financial Institution

The Central Bank may revoke the license to operate as a financial institution (a) at the request of the legal or statutory authorities of the institution; (b) in the cases contemplated by the Argentine Civil and Commerce Code or in the laws governing its existence as a legal entity; (c) when, to the judgment of the Central Bank, the affections to the solvency and/or liquidity of the institution cannot be solved through a regularization and sanitation program; (d) in the rest of the cases provided by the FIL.

Liquidation of Financial Institutions

As provided in the FIL, the Central Bank must notify the revocation decision to a competent court, which will then determine who will liquidate the entity: the corporate authorities (extrajudicial liquidation) or an independent liquidator appointed by the court for that purpose (judicial liquidation). The court’s decision will be based on whether there are sufficient assurances that the corporate authorities are capable of carrying out such liquidation properly, prior authorization of the Central Bank and in the cases provided by subsections a) and b) of section 44 of the FIL.

Bankruptcy of Financial Institutions

According to the FIL, financial institutions are not allowed to file their own bankruptcy petitions. In addition, the bankruptcy shall not be adjudged until the license to operate as a financial institution has been revoked.

Once the license to operate as a financial institution has been revoked, a court of competent jurisdiction may adjudge the former financial institution in bankruptcy, or a petition in bankruptcy may be filed by the Central Bank or by any creditor of the bank, in this case after a period of sixty (60) calendar days has elapsed since the license was revoked.

Once the bankruptcy has been adjudged, provisions of the Bankruptcy Law No. 24,522 (the “Bankruptcy Law”) and the FIL shall be applicable; provided however that in certain cases, specific provisions of the FIL shall supersede the provisions of the Argentine Bankruptcy Law (i.e. priority rights of depositors).

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Merger and Transfer of Goodwill

Merger and transfer of goodwill may be arranged between entities of the same or different type and will be subject to the prior approval of the Central Bank. The new entity or the buyer must submit a financial-economic structure profile supporting the project in order to obtain authorization from the Central Bank.

Financial System Restructuring Unit

The Financial System Restructuring Unit was created to oversee the implementation of a strategic approach towards those that benefit from assistance provided by the Central Bank. This unit is in charge of rescheduling maturities, determining restructuring strategies and action plans, approving transformation plans, and accelerating repayment of the facilities granted by the Central Bank.

Holding Companies

On June 28, 2019, the Central Bank ruled, through Communication “A” 6723, with effect from January 1, 2020, that Group “A” financial institutions (in accordance with the “Financial Institutions Authorities” rules) which are controlled by non-financial institutions (as in our case in relation with the Bank) shall comply with the Minimum Capital requirements (see “—Liquidity and Solvency Requirements—Minimum Capital Requirements”), the Major Exposure to Credit Risk regulations (see “—Credit Risk Regulation—Large Exposures”), the LCR (see “—Internal Liquidity Policies of Financial Institutions—Liquidity Coverage Ratio) and the Net Stable Funding Ratio (see “—Liquidity Parameters—Net Stable Funding Ratio”) on a consolidated basis comprising the non-financial holding and all its subsidiaries (excluding insurance companies and non-financial subsidiaries).

Additionally, Group “A” financial institutions may not grant direct or indirect financial assistance of any kind to its holding company whenever it is a non-financial institution.

Fintech Regulations

The Central Bank issued Communication “A” 6885 (as amended by Communication “A” 7226) by means of which it regulates certain aspects of Fintech operations. This communication defined Payment Service Provider (“PSP”) as those non-financial entities in retail payments performing under the global framework of the payment system, such as offering payment accounts to order and/or receive payments, and creayred a registry for PSP operations. Particularly, Communication “A” 6885 forbids entities to operate as PSP if (i) they are not properly incorporated in Argentina; (ii) they are incorporated as a stock exchange, clearing chamber or agent under the CNV Rules; or (iii) if its capital, right votes, administrative or inspection body are integrated by people disqualified for performing financial activities in Argentina by the FIL, condemned by crimes against property, the public administration, the economic and financial order or public faith, privacy violations, illicit association or by section 1.b of the Foreign Exchange Criminal Regime. Shareholdings acquired on stock exchanges that do not reach the threshold of 20% of the capital or voting rights are exempt from the provisions of point (iii).

Regarding the registry, Communication “A” 6885 commands that all PSPs that offer payment account must register with the “Registry of Payment Service Providers that Offer Payment Accounts.” Additionally, all PSPs shall comply with a reporting regime to be further regulated by the Central Bank.

Regarding the management of the funds, the regulation provided that all funds credited to payment accounts offered by PSPs shall be (i) available at all times, for an amount at least equivalent to the one credited in the payment account; (ii) deposited in Pesos, in on-sight accounts in Argentine financial entities; and (iii) on an independent on-sight account from the one used for trading for own account (e.g.: creditor or salary payments).

Any breach of the rules as set on the abovementioned communication is submitted to the sanctions of the FIL.

On February 24, 2022, the Central Bank issued Communication “A” 7462 (as amended by Communication “A” 7533) providing for the creation of the “Register of interoperable digital wallets” and establishing that any PSP wishing to provide a digital wallet service that allows making transfer payments initiated by reading QR codes must be registered therein. In addition, it defines a “digital wallet” service as the service offered by a financial institution or payment service provider (PSP) through an application on a mobile device or web browser that must allow making payments with transfer (PCT) and/or with other payment instruments.

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Gender Parity Requirements

On September 3, 2020, by means of Communication “A” 7100 (as amended by Communication “A” 7465), the Central Bank amended the rules on “Guidelines for Corporate in Financial Institutions” (Lineamientos para el gobiernos societario en entidades financieras) to include a requirement of gender parity.

By virtue of such Communication, the Central Bank suggested to financial institutions to consider the progressive incorporation of women on new appointments and/or renewals, until gender parity is achieved. In this regard, the Central Bank defined gender parity as the guideline that aims at equalizing the participation of men and women in labor decision-making spaces, ensuring the right to equal opportunities and non-discrimination on the bases of gender.

Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Regime

The concept of money laundering is generally used to denote transactions aimed at introducing funds from illicit activities into the institutional system and thus transform gains from illegal activities into assets of a seemingly legitimate source.

Terrorist financing consists of providing funds for terrorist activities. This may involve funds raised from legitimate sources, such as personal donations and profits from businesses and charitable organizations, as well as from criminal sources, such as drug trade, weapons and other goods smuggling, fraud, kidnapping and extortion. Financing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction consists of providing financial support or resources to assist in the development, manufacture, acquisition, or spread of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons and their delivery systems.

On April 13, 2000, the National Congress passed Law No. 25,246, (subsequently amended and complemented, the “AML/CFT/CFP Law”), which created the Anti- Money Laundering, Counter-Terrorist Financing and the Financing of Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction Regime (the “AML/CFT/CFP Regime”), which criminalizes money laundering. In addition, the AML/CFT/CFP Regime created the Financial Information Unit (“UIF”, for its acronym in Spanish) as the enforcement authority of the regime, and established the legal obligation of various public and private sector entities and professionals to provide information and cooperate with the UIF.

The UIF is a decentralized agency that operates with autonomy and financial independency under the Argentine Ministry of Justice, and its mission is to prevent and deter the crimes of money laundering, terrorist financing and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

The following are certain provisions relating to the AML/CFT/CFP Regime established by the AML/CFT/CFP Law, including regulations issued by the UIF, the CNV and the Central Bank.

Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction

(a)Money laundering

Section 303 of the Argentine Criminal Code (the “ACC”) defines money laundering as a crime committed whenever a person converts, transfers, manages, sells, encumbers, acquires, conceals or in any other way puts into circulation in the market, property derived from an unlawful act, with the possible consequence that the origin of the original property or the subordinate property acquires the appearance of a lawful origin, provided that their value exceeds the sum of one hundred and fifty (150) minimum wages (which, as of the date of this annual report, equal to approximately Ps. 30,420,000), either in a single act or by the repetition of various acts linked to each other. Section 303 of the ACC establishes the following penalties:

| (i) | Imprisonment for a term of three (3) to ten (10) years and fines of two (2) to ten (10) times the amount of the illicit transaction. This penalty may be increased by one third of the maximum and half of the minimum, when the perpetrator of the crime:

| (a) | regularly commits such crimes or participates in organizations or associations specially designed for committing such crimes;

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| (b) | is a public official who committed the act in the exercise or occasion of their duties. In this case, he/she shall also be subject to a penalty of special disqualification of three (3) to ten (10) years. The same penalty shall be imposed to anyone who has acted in the exercise of a profession or occupation requiring special qualification.

| (ii) | Anyone who receives money or other property from a criminal offense for the purpose of applying them in an operation as described above, which gives them the possible appearance of a lawful origin, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term of six (6) months to three (3) years.

| (iii) | If the value of the goods does not exceed 150 minimum wages, the penalty shall be a fine of five (5) to twenty (20) times the amount of the illicit transaction.

(b) | Penalties for legal persons

Furthermore, Section 304 of the ACC provides that when the criminal acts have been committed in the name of, or with the intervention of, or for the benefit of a legal person, the following sanctions shall be imposed to the entity jointly or alternatively:

| (i) | fine of two (2) to ten (10) times the value of the property subject to the offense;

| (ii) | total or partial suspension of activities, which in no case shall exceed ten (10) years;

| (iii) | debarment for public tenders or bidding processes or any other State-related activities, which in no case shall exceed ten (10) years;

| (iv) | dissolution and liquidation of the legal person when it was created for the sole purpose of committing the offense, or such acts constitute the main activity of the entity;

| (v) | loss or suspension of any State benefit that it may have;

| (vi) | publication of an extract of the condemnatory sentence at the expense of the legal entity.

In order to calibrate these sanctions, the Court will take into account the failure to comply with internal rules and procedures, the omission of vigilance over the activity of the authors and participants; the extent of the damage caused, the amount of money involved in the commission of the offense, the size, nature and economic capacity of the legal entity. In the cases in which it is essential to maintain the operational continuity of the entity, or of a public work, or particular service, the sanctions of suspension of activities or dissolution and liquidation of the legal person shall not be applicable.

(c) | Terrorist Financing and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction

Section 306 of the ACC criminalizes the financing of terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. This offense is committed by any person who directly or indirectly collects or provides property or money, with the intention of it being used, or in the knowledge that it will be used, in full or in part:

| (i) | to finance the commission of acts which have the aim of terrorizing the population or compelling national public authorities or foreign governments or agents of an international organization to perform or refrain from performing an act (according to section 41.5 of the ACC);

| (ii) | by an organization committing or attempting to commit crimes for the purpose set out in (i);

| (iii) | by an individual who commits, attempts to commit or participates in any way in the commission of offenses for the purpose set out in (i);

| (iv) | to finance, for themselves or for third parties, the travel or logistics of individuals and/or things to a State other than that of their residence or nationality, or within the same national territory for the purpose of perpetrating, planning, preparing or participating in the purpose set out in (i);

| (v) | to finance, for themselves or for third parties, the provision or receipt of training for the commission of offenses for the purpose set out in (i);

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| (vi) | to finance the acquisition, production, development, possession, supply, exportation, importation, storage, transportation, transfer, or in any way the use of weapons of mass destruction of the nuclear, chemical, biological type, their delivery systems, means of delivery and their related materials, including dual-use technologies and goods to commit any of the crimes provided for in the ACC or in international regulations.

The penalty is imprisonment for a term of five (5) to fifteen (15) years and a fine of two (2) to ten (10) times the amount of the illicit transaction. Likewise, the same penalties shall apply to legal persons as described for the crime of money laundering.

The same penalty of imprisonment and fine shall apply to anyone who produces, manufactures, develops, possesses, supplies, exports, imports, stores, transports, transfers, employs, or in any way proliferates, increases, reproduces or multiplies the weapons of mass destruction referred to in (vi) above, their means of delivery and related materials intended for their preparation.

The penalties described above will be applied regardless of the occurrence of the crime for which the financing was intended and, if the latter is committed, regardless of whether the goods or money were used for its commission.

Reporting Subjects Obliged to Inform and Collaborate with the UIF

The AML/CFT/CFP Regime, in line with international AML/CFT/CFP standards, not only designates the UIF as the agency in charge of preventing money laundering, terrorism financing and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, but also establishes certain obligations to various public and private sector entities and individuals, which are designated as Reporting Subjects (in Spanish, “Sujetos obligados”), which are legally bound to inform and collaborate with the UIF.

In accordance with the AML/CFT/CFP Law and the regulations complementing it, the following persons, among others, are Reporting Subjects before the UIF:

| (i) | banks, financial entities and insurance companies;

| (ii) | exchange agencies and natural and legal persons authorized by the Central Bank to intervene in the purchase and sale of foreign currency with funds in cash or checks issued in foreign currency or through the use of debit or credit cards or in the transfer of funds within or outside the national territory;

| (iii) | virtual asset service providers, non-financial credit providers, issuers, operators and/or providers of collection and/or payment services, central securities depository agents and corporate and trust service providers

| (iv) | settlement and clearing agents, trading agents; natural and/or legal persons registered with the CNV acting in the placement of investment funds or other collective investment products authorized by such agency; crowdfunding companies, global investment advisors and the legal persons acting as financial trustees whose trust securities are authorized for public offering by the CNV, and the agents registered by the above mentioned controlling agency that intervene in the placement of negotiable securities issued within the framework of the above mentioned financial trusts;

| (v) | government organizations such as the Central Bank, the Federal Public Revenue Administration (“AFIP,” as per its acronym in Spanish), the Superintendence of Insurance of the Nation (“SSN,” as per its acronym in Spanish), the CNV and the IGJ; and

| (vi) | professionals in economic sciences, lawyers and notaries public, when they are involved in certain transactions.

The Reporting Subjects have the following duties:

| (i) | obtaining from clients’ documents that indisputably prove their identity, legal status, domicile and other information, concerning their operations needed to accomplish the intended activity (“know your customer” policy);

| (ii) | reporting any suspicious events or transactions. For the purposes of the Anti-Money Laundering Law, suspicious transactions are those transactions that, according to the customary practices of the relevant field as well as to the experience and competence of the parties who have the duty to inform, appear to be unusual, have no economic or legal justification, or are unusually or unjustifiably complex, whether performed on a single occasion or repeatedly (regardless of their amount);

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| (iii) | refraining from disclosing to customers or third parties any actions being taken in compliance with the Anti-Money Laundering Law;

| (iv) | registering before the UIF;

| (v) | documenting procedures for the prevention of money laundering, financing of terrorism and financing of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction establishing internal manuals that reflect the tasks to be developed with a risk based approach;

| (vi) | appointing compliance officers within the governing body who shall be responsible before the UIF (in case the obliged entity is an individual, such individual will be considered the compliance officer);

| (vii) | obtaining information and determining the purpose and nature of the relationship with the client;

| (viii) | determining the risk of money laundering, terrorism financing and financing of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction associated to clients and transactions;

| (ix) | carriyng out due diligence procedures to (i) determine the risk of money laundering, terrorism financing and financing of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction associated to clients and transactions, and (ii) review transactions during the course of the relationship with the client;

| (x) | identifying the individuals who exercise functions of management and representation of the client and those who have powers of disposition;

| (xi) | adopting specific measures to mitigate the risk of money laundering, terrorism financing and financing of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction;

| (xii) | having appropriate risk management systems in place to determine whether the client or final beneficial owner is a politically exposed person;

| (xiii) | determining the source and legality of funds; and

| (xiv) | keeping, for ten (10) years, all necessary records of transactions, client files and business communications.

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If a Reporting Subject fails to report a suspicious transaction or submits it after the designated deadlines and forms provided for that purpose, a fine between one (1) and ten (10) times the total value of the assets of the transaction will be applied. In the case of other violations (due to formal non-compliance), the fixed amounts as the unit of measurement of the fine are replaced by modules that can be updated annually. In addition, the following penalties may apply: (i) warning; (ii) warning with the obligation to publish the operative part of the resolution; and (iii) for compliance officers, disqualification for up to 5 years to exercise functions in such capacity.

Pursuant to Annex I of Resolution No. 61/2023 of the UIF (which establishes the supervision and inspection mechanism of the UIF), both the Central Bank and the CNV are considered “Specific Control Agencies”(“Órganos de Contralor Específico”). In such capacity, they must collaborate with the UIF in the evaluation of compliance with AML/CFT/CFP procedures by the Reporting Subjects subject to their control. For these purposes, they are entitled to supervise, monitor and inspect these entities. Denial or obstruction of inspections by the Reporting Subjects may result in administrative penalties by the UIF and criminal penalties.

The Central Bank and the CNV must also comply with the AML/CFT/CFP Regime established by the UIF, including the reporting of suspicious transactions. In turn, Reporting Subjects regulated by these agencies are subject to UIF Resolutions No. 14/2023 and 78/2023, respectively. Such regulations provide guidelines that such entities shall adopt and apply to manage, in accordance with their policies, procedures and controls, the risk of being used by third parties for criminal purposes of money laundering, financing of terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

Essentially, the aforementioned regulations, change the formal regulatory compliance approach to a risk-based approach (“RBA”), based on the revised recommendations issued by the Financial Action Task Force (the “FATF”) in 2012, in order to ensure that the implemented measures are proportional to the identified risks. Therefore, the Reporting Subjects shall identify and evaluate their

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risks and, based on this, adopt measures for the management and mitigation of such risks, in order to more effectively prevent money laundering and terrorist financing. Likewise, the provisions of UIF Resolution No. 4/17 established the possibility of conducting special due diligence procedures with respect to clients supervised abroad (formerly called “international holders”) and local clients who are Reporting Subjects to the UIF.

Resolution 14/2023, which sets out specific rules for the financial sector, inter alia, prohibits the maintenance of anonymous accounts or accounts under fictitious names, emphasizes the need to apply enhanced due diligence measures to clients commensurate with the risks identified, and provides for the possibility for financial institutions to rely on third parties to carry out certain due diligence measures.

In October 2021, the UIF published Resolution 112/2021 which established certain measures and procedures that all Regulated Subjects must observe to identify beneficial owners. All companies, legal entities or other contractual entities or legal structures that carry out activities in Argentina, or own property or assets located or placed in Argentina must register their final beneficiaries with the public registry of final beneficiaries. All persons or legal entities that provide virtual asset services must register their activities with the registry of virtual asset service providers.

Prevention of Disposal of Assets Linked to Terrorism Financing

Decree No. 918/2012 (amended by Decree No. 278/2024) establishes the procedures for preventing the disposal of assets linked to terrorism financing, and the creation and maintenance procedures (including the inclusion and removal of suspected persons) for registries created in accordance with the relevant United Nations Security Council’s resolutions.

Additionally, UIF Resolution No. 29/2013, regulates the implementation of Decree No. 918/2012 and establishes: (i) the procedure to report suspicious transactions of terrorism financing and the persons obligated to do so, and (ii) the administrative freezing of assets procedure on natural or legal persons or entities designated by the United Nations Security Council pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999) and subsequent, or linked to criminal actions under Section 306 of the Argentine Criminal Code, both prior to the report issued pursuant to UIF Resolutions No. 121 and 229, and as mandated by the UIF after receiving such report.

In order to help the Reporting Subjects to fulfill these duties, Executive Decree No. 489/2019 created the Public Registry of Persons and Entities linked to acts of Terrorism and its Financing (RePET, for its acronym in Spanish), which is an official database that includes the consolidated list of the United Nations Security Council.

Politically Exposed Persons

Resolution No. 35/2023, establishes the rules that Reporting Subjects must follow regarding clients that are Politically Exposed Persons (“PEP”).

Following the aforementioned RBA, Resolution 35/2023 establishes that Reporting Subjects must determine the level of risk at the time of beginning or continuing the contractual relationship with a PEP, and must take due diligence measures, adequate and proportional to the associated risk and the operation or operations involved.

This Resolution establishes (i) the measures that the Reporting Subjects must take with respect to foreign PEPs or domestic PEPs that have been classified as high risk by the Reporting Subject, for example, having the approval of the compliance officer to initiate or continue commercial relations with them; (ii) each Reporting Subject must take reasonable measures to determine whether a customer and/or beneficial owner is a PEP, at the time of initiating or continuing the commercial relationship with them; (iii) the Reporting Subject must require their clients to sign a sworn statement in which they state whether or not they are a PEP, not only at the beginning of the contractual relationship, but also in the event that their status as a PEP is modified (whether they become or cease to be a PEP); (iv) the clients must inform the PEP status of the beneficial owners, if applicable; and (v) the maintenance period of the PEP status is expressly regulated, being set at 2 years. Once this term has expired, the Reporting Subject shall evaluate the level of risk of the client or beneficial owner, taking into consideration the relevance of the function performed, the power of disposition and/or administration of funds, and the seniority in the public function exercised, among other relevant factors, for the analysis of the level of risk. PEPs due to kinship or closeness will maintain their status for the same time as that of the person with whom they have or have had the relationship.

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CNV Regulations

The CNV Rules stipulate, among other provisions, that the reporting subjects under its control shall only perform the operations provided for under the public offering system when these operations are performed or ordered by persons constituted, domiciled or resident in countries, domains, jurisdictions, territories or associated states not considered to be non-cooperative or high risk by the FATF.

Similarly, they establish the payment modalities and control procedures for the reception and delivery of funds from and to clients.

Central Bank Rules

Pursuant to Communication “A” 6399 of the Central Bank, as amended and supplemented, including without limitation, by Communication “A” 6709, Reporting Subjects must keep - for a period of 10 years - written records of the procedure applied in each case for the discontinuation of a client’s operations. Among these records, they shall keep a copy of any notification sent to the customer requesting further information and/or documentation, the corresponding notices of receipt and the documents identifying the officials who took part in the decision, in accordance with the respective procedural manuals.

Tax Amnesty System

The voluntary system of declaration under the Argentine Tax Amnesty Law No. 27,260 and its Regulatory Decree No. 895/16 (jointly the “Tax Amnesty System”) established that the information voluntarily submitted under such system may be used for the investigation and punishment of the crimes of money laundering and financing of terrorism. For such purpose, the UIF has the power to communicate information to other public intelligence or investigation agencies, based on a previous resolution of the UIF’s President and provided that there are serious, precise and concordant indications of the commission of money laundering and/or terrorism financing crimes. Furthermore, the AFIP remains obliged to report to the UIF suspicious operations detected within the framework of the Tax Amnesty System and to provide it with all information required by it, not being able to oppose fiscal secrecy.

Corporate Criminal Liability Law

The Corporate Criminal Liability Law No. 27,401 sets forth a criminal liability regime applicable to legal entities involved in certain corruption offenses directly or indirectly committed in their name, on their behalf or in their interest and from which a benefit may arise. The individual offenders may be employees or third parties — even unauthorized third parties, provided that the company ratified the act, even tacitly.

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Item 4.COrganizational structure

The following diagram illustrates our organizational structure as of the date of this annual report. Percentages indicate the ownership interest held.

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The following information is related to our subsidiaries and investees as of the date of this annual report:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Jurisdiction of |  | Name under which the subsidiary does
Subsidiary | ​ | incorporation | ​ | business
Banco Supervielle S.A. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | Supervielle
Supervielle Seguros S.A. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | Supervielle Seguros
Supervielle Asset Management S.A. Sociedad Gerente de Fondos Comunes de Inversión S.A. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | Supervielle Asset Management
Espacio Cordial de Servicios S.A. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | Cordial
Micro Lending S.A.U. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | MILA
InvertirOnline S.A.U. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | IOL invertironline
Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | IOL invertironline / IOL Academy
Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros S.A. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | Supervielle Broker de Seguros
Supervielle Agente de Negociación S.A.U. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | Supervielle Agente de Negociación
Bolsillo Digital S.A.U. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | N/A
Sofital S.A.U.F. e I. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | N/A
Dólar IOL S.A.U. | ​ | Uruguay | ​ | N/A
IOL Holding S.A. | ​ | Uruguay | ​ | N/A
IOL Agente de Valores S.A. (1) | ​ | Uruguay | ​ | N/A

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(1) IOL Agente de Valores S.A. is a subsidiary of IOL Holding S.A.

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Banco Supervielle S.A.

We own 97.12% of the share capital of the Bank and Sofital owns 2.78%. The Bank is a universal commercial bank and our largest subsidiary. The Bank on an individual basis accounted for 95.8% of our total assets as of December 31, 2023. The Bank operates in Argentina, and substantially all of its customers, operations and assets are located in Argentina. It offers a wide variety of financial products and services to retail, corporate and institutional customers.

According to the information published by the Central Bank, as of December 31, 2023 we were one of the top 10 private banks in the Argentine financial system in terms of outstanding amount of loans and deposits. In terms of deposits, we had an estimated market share of 2.6% of daily average deposits as of December, 2023, ranking ninth among the total private banks in the Argentine financial system. In terms of total loans, we had an estimated market share of 2.4% of daily average loans as of December 2023, ranking eighth among the total private banks in the Argentine financial system. As of December 31, 2023, the Bank on a consolidated basis had total

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assets of Ps.1,978 billion, a total loan portfolio of Ps.482 billion and total deposits of Ps.1,549 billion, and its attributable shareholders’ equity amounted to Ps.269.6 billion. For more information regarding the Bank’s business performance, see “—Business Segments.”

Espacio Cordial de Servicios S.A.

Espacio Cordial was created in October 2012 and began operating in December 2012. Espacio Cordial provides non-financial services in Argentina related to insurance, tourism, health care services, security and other contemplated in the bylaws of this business unit. We have direct service channels across the Bank’s branches located in Argentina. In the services category, we continued marketing prepaid health services through telephone and online channels, with a strong strategy in social media and aiming at the development of digital self-management products.

Until March 4, 2024, Cordial Servicios owned 3.20% of the share capital of Sofital. On March 4, 2024, Grupo Supervielle purchased from Espacio Cordial all the shares that Espacio Cordial owned in Sofital S.A.U.F. and I., totaling 689,238 ordinary shares, non-transferable and with a nominal value of one Peso, each with one vote per share, representing 3.20% of the total shares of Sofital S.A.U.F. and I.

We own 95% of the share capital of Cordial Servicios and Sofital owns the remaining 5%. Until 2022, Grupo Supervielle had a Consumer Finance segment which included Cordial Servicios, among other subsidiaries. On December 1, 2023, the Central Bank approved the merger of IUDÚ into the Bank, and therefore IUDÚ and Tarjeta were merged into the Bank, effective January 2023. As a result of this merger, the Company reclassified financial figures from Consumer Finance segment in 2023 and allocated the results of Cordial Servicios in the Asset management & other segment.

For more information regarding the Espacio Cordial’s business performance, see “—Business Segments.”

Micro Lending S.A.U.

MILA is a company that provides car financing loans and was acquired by Grupo Supervielle on May 2, 2018. We own 100% of the share capital of MILA. MILA promotes origination of car loans for the purchase of cars through greater efficiency and capillarity of the commercial network, new financial products and the use of synergies within the companies of Grupo Supervielle.

Until 2022, Grupo Supervielle had a Consumer Finance segment which included MILA, among other subsidiaries. On December 1, 2023, the Central Bank approved the merger of IUDÚ into the Bank, and therefore IUDÚ and Tarjeta merged into the Bank, effective January 2023. As a result of this merger, the Company reclassified financial figures from Consumer Finance segment in 2023 and allocated the results of MILA in the Personal & Business Banking segment.

Supervielle Seguros S.A.

In June 2013, we and Sofital purchased 100% of the shares of Supervielle Seguros (formerly, Aseguradores de Créditos del Mercosur S.A.), which began to operate in October 2014.

Through Supervielle Seguros, the Company offers a wide range of insurance products to its clients. These are marketed through our network of branches, across various digital channels, and through the insurance specialized sales force which is focused on two major customer segments: Senior Citizens, and Entrepreneurs and SMEs.

For more information regarding the Supervielle Seguros’ business performance, see “—Business Segments.”

Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros S.A.

On December 21, 2018, we created Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros and began to operate in the second half of 2019. Its purpose is to offer a wide range of products to clients in the E&P, SMEs, and Medium and Large Corporates segments, ensuring adequate coverage for their risks at competitive prices with the leading insurers in the market. As of the date of this annual report, the Company’s commercial focus on corporate insurance is on offering occupational risk administrator services, fleet, integral commerce, surety, and agricultural insurances, among others. We directly own 95.24% and indirectly own 100.0% of the share capital of Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros.

111

For information regarding Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros’ business performance, see “—Business Segments.”

Supervielle Asset Management S.A.

Supervielle Asset Management offers customized investment and savings solutions to its clients through investment funds. We participate in the mutual funds market through our “Premier” funds family.

We own 95% of the share capital of SAM and Sofital owns the remaining 5%.

For information regarding Supervielle Asset Management’s business performance, see “—Business Segments.”

I nvertironline S.A.U. and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U.

IOL invertironline is a digital online broker established 23 years ago that offers brokerage and savings and investment services based on an agile, simple, transparent and innovative platform, suitable for the profile of each client, with the objective of helping our clients increase their savings.

IOL invertironline offers investment alternatives in the Argentine stock market and in the United States and provides our customers with education tools on financing matters.

We own 100% of the share capital of InvertirOnline and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U.

For information regarding IOL invertironline’s business performance, see “—Business Segments.”

Bolsillo Digital S.A.U.

On June 12, 2019, we created Bolsillo Digital. Bolsillo Digital is Grupo Supervielle’s PSP (“Payment Service Provider”) fintech business which is registered with the Argentine Central Bank. Bolsillo Digital offered in-person and digital payment and collection solutions to businesses. On August 5, 2021, Grupo Supervielle, within the framework of the commercial strategy for its payment services business, transferred all of its shares of Bolsillo Digital to its subsidiary Banco Supervielle S.A. Bolsillo Digital’s main activity until 2022 was to provide payment services under its brand Boldi. In February 2023, the Boldi app was permanently closed. As of the date of this annual report, Bolsillo Digital is in the process of being dissolved.

Supervielle Agente de Negociación S.A.U. (formerly, known as Futuros del Sur S.A.)

Supervielle Agente de Negociación provides trading agent services and is registered with the CNV. We acquired Supervielle Agente de Negociación in 2019 to expand our financial and investment services to institutional and corporate customers and increase cross selling in an efficient and profitable way.

We own 100% of the share capital of Supervielle Agente de Negociación.

IOL Holding S.A. and IOL Agente de Valores. S.A.

On August 6, 2021, Grupo Supervielle acquired 95% of the shares of IOL Holding, a company incorporated in Uruguay. Sofital acquired the remaining 5% of the shares of IOL Holding.

On August 23, 2021, IOL Holding acquired 100% of the shares of IOL Agente de Valores S.A., a company incorporated in Uruguay which is expected to provide security dealer services. On June 16, 2022, the Central Bank of Uruguay authorized IOL Agente de Valores to act as a security dealer providing services to non-residents of Uruguay. IOL Agente de Valores S.A. is expected to provide its services through an online platform to non-residents of Uruguay who may be based in Latin America and seek to participate in the U.S. capital markets.

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Sofital S.A.U.F. e I.

Sofital is a holding company that owns shares of the same companies owned by Grupo Supervielle. As of the date of this annual report, Sofital holds 2.7784% of the capital stock of the Bank, 5.0% of the capital stock of Cordial Servicios, 5.0% of the capital stock of Supervielle Seguros, 5.0% of the capital stock of SAM, 4.75903% of Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros and 0.005% of IOL Holding. On March 19, 2024, our ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting approved the change of the legal status of Sofital to private single-entity limited company (“sociedad anónima unipersonal” or “S.A.U.”). As of the date of this annual report, this change is pending to be approved by the IGJ.

Item 4.DProperty, plants and equipment

The Bank owns 7,916 square meters of office space at Reconquista 330 and at San Martin 344 in Buenos Aires and Mendoza, for management, administrative and other commercial purposes and for central area personnel. The Bank also owns 15,208 square meters for retail branch properties in Mendoza, Córdoba, San Luis and Buenos Aires, and 631 square meters of land in the City of San Luis.

Supervielle Seguros owns 1,954 square meters of office space located at Reconquista 330 in Buenos Aires.

The rest of our administrative buildings and offices (including our headquarters), branches, sales and collection centers and storage properties are leased pursuant to arm’s length agreements.

Item 4.ESelected Statistical Information

You should read this information in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, and the information under “Item 5.A. Operating Results” included elsewhere in this annual report. We prepared this information from our financial statements, which are prepared in conformity with IFRS. For further information, see Note 1.1 and Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

Average Balance Sheets, Interest earned on Interest-earning Assets and Interest Paid on Interest-bearing Liabilities

The average balances of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, including the related interest that is receivable and payable, are calculated on a daily basis.

Average balances have been separated between those denominated in Pesos and those denominated in U.S. dollars. The nominal interest rate is the amount of interest earned or paid during the period divided by the related average balance.

The following tables show average balances, interest amounts and nominal rates for our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​
​ |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos) |
ASSETS | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
Interest-Earning Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment Portfolio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government and Corporate Securities |  | 228,307,670 |  | 205,593,241 |  | 90.1 | % | 213,597,053 |  | 99,898,491 |  | 46.8 | % | 234,246,642 |  | 64,336,770 |  | 27.5 | %
Pesos |  | 159,577,829 |  | 146,983,348 |  | 92.1 | % | 172,068,120 |  | 88,872,066 |  | 51.6 | % | 168,460,460 | ​ | 63,709,097 |  | 37.8 | %
Dollars |  | 68,729,841 |  | 58,609,893 |  | 85.3 | % | 41,528,933 |  | 11,026,425 |  | 26.6 | % | 65,786,182 | ​ | 627,673 |  | 1.0 | %
Securities Issued by the Central Bank |  | 454,651,402 |  | 420,667,047 |  | 92.5 | % | 635,888,704 |  | 338,613,619 |  | 53.3 | % | 381,867,514 |  | 141,189,141 |  | 37.0 | %
Pesos |  | 452,310,291 |  | 420,667,047 |  | 93.0 | % | 635,888,704 |  | 338,613,619 |  | 53.3 | % | 381,867,514 | ​ | 141,189,141 |  | 37.0 | %
Dollars |  | 2,341,111 |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — | ​ | — |  | — | %

​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​
​ |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |
Total Investment Portfolio | ​ | 682,959,072 | ​ | 626,260,288 | ​ | 91.7 | % | 849,485,757 | ​ | 438,512,110 | ​ | 51.6 | % | 616,114,156 | ​ | 205,525,911 | ​ | 33.4 | %
Pesos | ​ | 611,888,120 | ​ | 567,650,395 | ​ | 92.8 | % | 807,956,824 | ​ | 427,485,685 | ​ | 52.9 | % | 550,327,974 | ​ | 204,898,238 | ​ | 37.2 | %
Dollars | ​ | 71,070,952 | ​ | 58,609,893 | ​ | 82.5 | % | 41,528,933 | ​ | 11,026,425 | ​ | 26.6 | % | 65,786,182 | ​ | 627,673 | ​ | 1.0 | %
Loans |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans to the Financial Sector |  | 2,423,357 |  | 1,296,393 |  | 53.5 | % | 629,394 |  | 266,747 |  | 42.4 | % | 248,639 |  | 76,136 |  | 30.6 | %
Pesos |  | 2,378,743 |  | 1,296,320 |  | 54.5 | % | 499,464 |  | 251,226 |  | 50.3 | % | 241,222 | ​ | 71,271 |  | 29.5 | %
Dollars |  | 44,614 |  | 73 |  | 0.2 | % | 129,930 |  | 15,521 |  | 11.9 | % | 7,417 | ​ | 4,865 |  | 65.6 | %
Overdrafts |  | 47,376,656 |  | 44,410,794 |  | 93.7 | % | 39,986,427 |  | 23,471,096 |  | 58.7 | % | 44,776,965 |  | 19,005,463 |  | 42.4 | %
Pesos |  | 47,376,656 |  | 44,410,794 |  | 93.7 | % | 39,984,408 |  | 23,471,096 |  | 58.7 | % | 44,776,965 | ​ | 19,005,463 |  | 42.4 | %
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | 2,019 |  | — |  | — | % | — | ​ | — |  | — | %
Promissory notes |  | 88,661,948 |  | 67,470,691 |  | 76.1 | % | 136,285,752 |  | 64,028,835 |  | 47.0 | % | 168,814,495 |  | 67,907,774 |  | 40.2 | %
Pesos |  | 88,046,151 |  | 67,443,717 |  | 76.6 | % | 135,767,254 |  | 64,005,159 |  | 47.1 | % | 168,537,370 | ​ | 67,896,443 |  | 40.3 | %
Dollars |  | 615,797 |  | 26,974 |  | 4.4 | % | 518,498 |  | 23,676 |  | 4.6 | % | 277,125 | ​ | 11,331 |  | 4.1 | %
Mortgage loans |  | 70,185,435 |  | 62,359,572 |  | 88.8 | % | 78,972,720 |  | 56,407,739 |  | 71.4 | % | 94,853,591 |  | 42,843,344 |  | 45.2 | %
Pesos |  | 70,185,435 |  | 62,359,572 |  | 88.8 | % | 78,972,720 |  | 56,407,739 |  | 71.4 | % | 94,853,591 | ​ | 42,843,344 |  | 45.2 | %
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | %
Automobile and Other Secured Loans |  | 20,589,065 |  | 12,574,777 |  | 61.1 | % | 24,428,584 |  | 13,122,573 |  | 53.7 | % | 19,172,698 |  | 9,393,312 |  | 49.0 | %
Pesos |  | 20,589,065 |  | 12,574,777 |  | 61.1 | % | 24,428,584 |  | 13,122,573 |  | 53.7 | % | 19,172,698 | ​ | 9,393,312 |  | 49.0 | %
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | %
Personal Loans |  | 80,141,775 |  | 66,454,064 |  | 82.9 | % | 139,004,401 |  | 92,146,481 |  | 66.3 | % | 180,754,798 |  | 117,692,377 |  | 65.1 | %
Pesos |  | 80,141,775 |  | 66,454,064 |  | 82.9 | % | 139,004,401 |  | 92,146,481 |  | 66.3 | % | 180,754,798 | ​ | 117,692,377 |  | 65.1 | %
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | %
Corporate Unsecured Loans |  | 124,706,925 |  | 96,127,460 |  | 77.1 | % | 120,912,394 |  | 50,712,155 |  | 41.9 | % | 123,932,516 |  | 41,967,396 |  | 33.9 | %
Pesos |  | 124,706,925 |  | 96,127,460 |  | 77.1 | % | 120,912,394 |  | 50,712,155 |  | 41.9 | % | 123,932,516 | ​ | 41,967,396 |  | 33.9 | %
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | %
Credit Card Loans |  | 104,462,883 |  | 42,005,274 |  | 40.2 | % | 161,831,666 |  | 45,870,806 |  | 28.3 | % | 162,153,455 |  | 35,957,059 |  | 22.2 | %
Pesos |  | 101,540,510 |  | 42,005,226 |  | 41.4 | % | 157,610,853 |  | 45,870,588 |  | 29.1 | % | 160,216,726 | ​ | 35,956,938 |  | 22.4 | %
Dollars |  | 2,922,373 |  | 48 |  | — | % | 4,220,813 |  | 218 |  | — | % | 1,936,729 | ​ | 121 |  | — | %

​

​

114

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​
​ |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |
Receivables from Financial Leases |  | 28,417,785 |  | 17,868,411 |  | 62.9 | % | 35,301,661 |  | 14,262,772 |  | 40.4 | % | 33,085,869 |  | 9,591,486 |  | 29.0 | %
Pesos |  | 25,916,803 |  | 17,508,319 |  | 67.6 | % | 30,707,262 |  | 13,972,643 |  | 45.5 | % | 20,603,793 | ​ | 8,699,152 | ​ | 42.2 | %
Dollars |  | 2,500,982 |  | 360,092 |  | 14.4 | % | 4,594,399 |  | 290,129 |  | 6.3 | % | 12,482,076 | ​ | 892,334 | ​ | 7.1 | %
Total Loans excl. Foreign trade and U.S.$.loans |  | 566,965,829 |  | 410,567,436 |  | 72.4 | % | 737,352,999 |  | 360,289,204 |  | 48.9 | % | 827,793,026 |  | 344,434,347 |  | 41.6 | %
Pesos |  | 560,882,063 |  | 410,180,249 |  | 73.1 | % | 727,887,340 |  | 359,959,660 |  | 49.5 | % | 813,089,679 | ​ | 343,525,696 |  | 42.2 | %
Dollars |  | 6,083,766 |  | 387,187 |  | 6.4 | % | 9,465,659 |  | 329,544 |  | 3.5 | % | 14,703,347 | ​ | 908,651 |  | 6.2 | %
Foreign Trade Loans and U.S.$.loans |  | 39,330,529 |  | 3,180,061 |  | 8.1 | % | 61,270,504 |  | 4,010,233 |  | 6.5 | % | 111,682,426 |  | 7,543,368 |  | 6.8 | %
Pesos |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — | ​ | — |  | — | %
Dollars |  | 39,330,529 |  | 3,180,061 |  | 8.1 | % | 61,270,504 |  | 4,010,233 |  | 6.5 | % | 111,682,426 | ​ | 7,543,368 |  | 6.8 | %
Total Loans |  | 606,296,358 |  | 413,747,497 |  | 68.2 | % | 798,623,503 |  | 364,299,437 |  | 45.6 | % | 939,475,452 |  | 351,977,715 |  | 37.5 | %
Pesos |  | 560,882,063 |  | 410,180,249 |  | 73.1 | % | 727,887,340 |  | 359,959,660 |  | 49.5 | % | 813,089,679 | ​ | 343,525,696 |  | 42.2 | %
Dollars |  | 45,414,295 |  | 3,567,248 |  | 7.9 | % | 70,736,163 |  | 4,339,777 |  | 6.1 | % | 126,385,773 | ​ | 8,452,019 |  | 6.7 | %
Repo transactions |  | 277,323,918 |  | 222,993,972 |  | 80.4 | % | 66,715,957 |  | 33,012,027 |  | 49.5 | % | 310,469,704 |  | 107,496,714 |  | 34.6 | %
Pesos |  | 277,323,918 |  | 222,993,972 |  | 80.4 | % | 66,715,957 |  | 33,012,027 |  | 49.5 | % | 310,469,704 | ​ | 107,496,641 |  | 34.6 | %
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — | ​ | 73 |  | — | %
Total Interest-Earning Assets |  | 1,566,579,348 |  | 1,263,001,757 |  | 80.6 | % | 1,714,825,217 |  | 835,823,574 |  | 48.7 | % | 1,866,059,312 |  | 665,000,340 |  | 35.6 | %
Pesos |  | 1,450,094,101 |  | 1,200,824,616 |  | 82.8 | % | 1,602,560,121 |  | 820,457,372 |  | 51.2 | % | 1,673,887,357 | ​ | 655,920,575 |  | 39.2 | %
Dollars |  | 116,485,247 |  | 62,177,141 |  | 53.4 | % | 112,265,096 |  | 15,366,202 |  | 13.7 | % | 192,171,955 | ​ | 9,079,765 |  | 4.7 | %

​

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115

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31,
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal
​ |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate
Non Interest-Earning Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | 202,633,135 |  |  |  |  |  | 214,672,876 |  |  |  |  |  | 278,126,190 |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 81,415,824 |  |  |  |  |  | 109,160,413 |  |  |  |  |  | 127,377,488 |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | 121,217,311 |  |  |  |  |  | 105,512,463 |  |  |  |  |  | 150,748,702 |  |  |  |
Premises and equipment and miscellaneous and intangible assets and unallocated items |  | 148,375,389 |  |  |  |  |  | 158,260,041 |  |  |  |  |  | 158,393,727 |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 148,375,389 |  |  |  |  |  | 158,260,041 |  |  |  |  |  | 158,393,727 |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses |  | (24,733,799) |  |  |  |  |  | (42,645,599) |  |  |  |  |  | (72,355,519) |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | (22,618,231) |  |  |  |  |  | (38,384,616) |  |  |  |  |  | (63,691,217) |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | (2,115,568) |  |  |  |  |  | (4,260,983) |  |  |  |  |  | (8,664,302) |  |  |  |
Other assets |  | 158,248,047 |  |  |  |  |  | 164,669,363 |  |  |  |  |  | 189,746,118 |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 153,072,289 |  |  |  |  |  | 160,749,564 |  |  |  |  |  | 183,768,369 |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | 5,175,758 |  |  |  |  |  | 3,919,799 |  |  |  |  |  | 5,977,749 |  |  |  |

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal
​ |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate
Total Non Interest-Earning Assets | ​ | 484,522,772 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 494,956,681 | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | 553,910,516 | ​ |  | ​ |
Pesos | ​ | 360,245,271 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 389,785,402 | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | 405,848,367 | ​ |  | ​ |
Dollars | ​ | 124,277,501 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 105,171,279 | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | 148,062,149 | ​ |  | ​ |
Total Assets |  | 2,051,102,120 |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | 2,209,781,898 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,419,969,828 |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 1,810,339,372 |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | 1,992,345,523 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,079,735,724 |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | 240,762,748 |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | 217,436,375 |  |  |  |  |  | 340,234,104 |  |  |  |

​

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116

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average |
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​
​ |  | Balance |  | Paid |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Paid |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Paid |  | Rate |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos) |
LIABILITIES | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |
Interest-Bearing Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Special Checking Accounts |  | 535,525,590 |  | 374,828,604 |  | 70.0 | % | 549,638,508 |  | 211,185,912 |  | 38.4 | % | 502,656,590 |  | 128,233,675 |  | 25.5 | %
Pesos |  | 470,487,902 |  | 374,674,049 |  | 79.6 | % | 490,110,056 |  | 211,032,372 |  | 43.1 | % | 423,168,069 | ​ | 127,987,116 |  | 30.2 | %
Dollars |  | 65,037,688 |  | 154,555 |  | 0.2 | % | 59,528,452 |  | 153,540 |  | 0.3 | % | 79,488,521 | ​ | 246,559 |  | 0.3 | %
Time Deposits |  | 518,912,586 |  | 439,013,593 |  | 84.6 | % | 610,457,165 |  | 295,156,580 |  | 48.4 | % | 710,544,602 |  | 228,048,954 |  | 32.1 | %
Pesos |  | 504,637,536 |  | 438,950,685 |  | 87.0 | % | 590,957,540 |  | 295,082,101 |  | 49.9 | % | 677,702,395 | ​ | 227,937,461 |  | 33.6 | %
Dollars |  | 14,275,050 |  | 62,908 |  | — | % | 19,499,625 |  | 74,479 |  | 0.4 | % | 32,842,207 | ​ | 111,493 |  | 0.3 | %
Borrowings from Other Financial Institutions and Unsub Negotiable Obligations |  | 12,415,673 |  | 6,394,061 |  | 51.5 | % | 19,537,112 |  | 7,325,523 |  | 37.5 | % | 75,798,515 |  | 9,497,568 |  | 12.5 | %
Pesos |  | 6,896,537 |  | 5,869,243 |  | 85.1 | % | 11,854,349 |  | 6,922,639 |  | 58.4 | % | 24,541,165 | ​ | 7,786,517 |  | 31.7 | %
Dollars |  | 5,519,136 |  | 524,818 |  | 9.5 | % | 7,682,763 |  | 402,884 |  | 5.2 | % | 51,257,350 | ​ | 1,711,051 |  | 3.3 | %
Subordinated Loans and Negotiable Obligations |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | 8,274,876 |  | 556,204 |  | 6.7 | %
Pesos |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | 148,859 | ​ | — |  | — | %
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | 8,126,017 | ​ | 556,204 |  | 6.8 | %
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities |  | 1,066,853,849 |  | 820,236,258 |  | 76.9 | % | 1,179,632,785 |  | 513,668,015 |  | 43.5 | % | 1,297,274,583 |  | 366,336,401 |  | 28.2 | %
Pesos |  | 982,021,975 |  | 819,493,977 |  | 83.4 | % | 1,092,921,945 |  | 513,037,112 |  | 46.9 | % | 1,125,560,488 | ​ | 363,711,094 |  | 32.3 | %
Dollars |  | 84,831,874 |  | 742,281 |  | 0.9 | % | 86,710,840 |  | 630,903 |  | 0.7 | % | 171,714,095 | ​ | 2,625,307 |  | 1.5 | %

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average |
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal |
​ |  | Balance |  | Paid |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Paid |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Paid |  | Rate |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos) |
Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits |  | 423,109,570 |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | 496,009,400 |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | 552,986,255 |  | ​ |  |  |
Savings Accounts |  | 226,456,428 |  | 1,925,797 |  | 0.9 | % | 279,490,890 |  | 1,097,148 |  | 0.4 | % | 330,749,069 |  | 611,235 |  | 0.2 | %
Pesos |  | 156,859,024 |  | 1,908,702 |  | 1.2 | % | 210,705,156 |  | 1,079,264 |  | 0.5 | % | 237,409,020 | ​ | 586,583 |  | 0.2 | %
Dollars |  | 69,597,404 |  | 17,095 |  | — | % | 68,785,734 |  | 17,884 |  | — | % | 93,340,049 | ​ | 24,652 |  | — | %
Checking Accounts |  | 196,653,142 |  |  |  |  |  | 216,518,510 |  |  |  |  |  | 222,237,186 |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 187,862,214 |  |  |  |  |  | 207,178,834 |  |  |  |  |  | 209,449,908 |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | 8,790,928 |  |  |  |  |  | 9,339,676 |  |  |  |  |  | 12,787,278 |  |  |  |  |
Other Liabilities |  | 252,971,380 |  |  |  |  |  | 231,644,168 |  |  |  |  |  | 246,856,873 |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 238,470,085 |  |  |  |  |  | 211,828,643 |  |  |  |  |  | 226,648,785 |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | 14,501,295 |  |  |  |  |  | 19,815,525 |  |  |  |  |  | 20,208,088 |  |  |  |  |
Non-Controlling Interest Result |  | 1,295,651 |  |  |  |  |  | 953,062 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 1,295,651 |  |  |  |  |  | 953,062 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  | 306,871,669 |  |  |  |  |  | 301,542,483 |  |  |  |  |  | 322,852,118 |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 306,871,669 |  |  |  |  |  | 301,542,483 |  |  |  |  |  | 322,852,118 |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Total Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits |  | 984,248,270 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,030,149,113 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,122,695,246 |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 891,358,643 |  |  |  |  |  | 932,208,178 |  |  |  |  |  | 996,359,831 |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | 92,889,627 |  |  |  |  |  | 97,940,935 |  |  |  |  |  | 126,335,415 |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ equity |  | 2,051,102,119 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,209,781,898 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,419,969,829 |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 1,873,380,618 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,025,130,123 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,121,920,319 |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | 177,721,501 |  |  |  |  |  | 184,651,775 |  |  |  |  |  | 298,049,510 |  |  |  |  |

​

117

Changes in Interest Income and Interest Expense; Volume and Rate Analysis

The following tables allocate, by currency of denomination, changes in our interest income and interest expense. The changes are segregated for each major category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities into amounts attributable to changes in the average volume and changes in their respective nominal interest rates for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, and for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. We have calculated volume variances based on movements in average balances over the period and rate variance based on changes in interest rates on average interest-earning assets and average interest-bearing liabilities. We have allocated variances caused by changes in both volume and rate to volume. As stated above under “Presentation of Financial and Other Information,” we have prepared our audited consolidated financial statements for 2023, 2022 and 2021 under IFRS.

​

118

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,
​ | ​ | 2023/2022 | ​ | 2022/2021
​ | ​ | Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net
​ |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Net Change |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Change
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos)
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-Earning Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment Portfolio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government and Corporate Securities |  | 11,691,271 |  | 94,003,479 |  | 105,694,750 |  | (4,577,255) |  | 40,138,975 |  | 35,561,720
Pesos |  | (11,504,510) |  | 69,615,792 |  | 58,111,282 |  | 1,863,333 |  | 23,299,636 |  | 25,162,969
Dollars |  | 23,195,781 |  | 24,387,687 |  | 47,583,468 |  | (6,440,588) |  | 16,839,339 |  | 10,398,751
Securities Issued by the Central Bank |  | (170,735,423) |  | 252,788,851 |  | 82,053,428 |  | 135,267,436 |  | 62,157,042 |  | 197,424,478
Pesos |  | (170,735,423) |  | 252,788,851 |  | 82,053,428 |  | 135,267,436 |  | 62,157,042 |  | 197,424,478
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Total Investment Portfolio |  | (159,044,152) |  | 346,792,330 |  | 187,748,178 |  | 130,690,181 |  | 102,296,017 |  | 232,986,198
Pesos |  | (182,239,933) |  | 322,404,643 |  | 140,164,710 |  | 137,130,769 |  | 85,456,678 |  | 222,587,447
Dollars |  | 23,195,781 |  | 24,387,687 |  | 47,583,468 |  | (6,440,588) |  | 16,839,339 |  | 10,398,751
Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans to the Financial Sector |  | 1,023,992 |  | 5,654 |  | 1,029,646 |  | 144,528 |  | 46,084 |  | 190,612
Pesos |  | 1,024,132 |  | 20,962 |  | 1,045,094 |  | 129,893 |  | 50,063 |  | 179,956
Dollars |  | (140) |  | (15,308) |  | (15,448) |  | 14,635 |  | (3,979) |  | 10,656
Overdrafts |  | 6,929,480 |  | 14,010,218 |  | 20,939,698 |  | (2,813,261) |  | 7,278,894 |  | 4,465,633
Pesos |  | 6,929,480 |  | 14,010,218 |  | 20,939,698 |  | (2,813,261) |  | 7,278,894 |  | 4,465,633
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Promissory Notes |  | (36,550,301) |  | 39,992,157 |  | 3,441,856 |  | (15,437,891) |  | 11,558,952 |  | (3,878,939)
Pesos |  | (36,554,563) |  | 39,993,121 |  | 3,438,558 |  | (15,448,913) |  | 11,557,629 |  | (3,891,284)
Dollars |  | 4,262 |  | (964) |  | 3,298 |  | 11,022 |  | 1,323 |  | 12,345
Mortgage loans |  | (7,807,479) |  | 13,759,312 |  | 5,951,833 |  | (11,343,208) |  | 24,907,603 |  | 13,564,395
Pesos |  | (7,807,479) |  | 13,759,312 |  | 5,951,833 |  | (11,343,208) |  | 24,907,603 |  | 13,564,395
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Automobile and Other Secured Loans |  | (2,344,987) |  | 1,797,191 |  | (547,796) |  | 2,823,362 |  | 905,899 |  | 3,729,261
Pesos |  | (2,344,987) |  | 1,797,191 |  | (547,796) |  | 2,823,362 |  | 905,899 |  | 3,729,261
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Personal Loans |  | (48,809,260) |  | 23,116,843 |  | (25,692,417) |  | (27,676,477) |  | 2,130,581 |  | (25,545,896)
Pesos |  | (48,809,260) |  | 23,116,843 |  | (25,692,417) |  | (27,676,477) |  | 2,130,581 |  | (25,545,896)
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Corporate Unsecured Loans |  | 2,924,927 |  | 42,490,378 |  | 45,415,305 |  | (1,266,677) |  | 10,011,436 |  | 8,744,759
Pesos |  | 2,924,927 |  | 42,490,378 |  | 45,415,305 |  | (1,266,677) |  | 10,011,436 |  | 8,744,759
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Credit Card Loans |  | (23,195,172) |  | 19,329,640 |  | (3,865,532) |  | (758,287) |  | 10,672,034 |  | 9,913,747
Pesos |  | (23,195,151) |  | 19,329,789 |  | (3,865,362) |  | (758,405) |  | 10,672,055 |  | 9,913,650
Dollars |  | (21) |  | (149) |  | (170) |  | 118 |  | (21) |  | 97
Receivables from Financial Leases |  | (3,537,647) |  | 7,143,286 |  | 3,605,639 |  | 4,099,260 |  | 572,026 |  | 4,671,286
Pesos |  | (3,236,236) |  | 6,771,912 |  | 3,535,676 |  | 4,597,354 | ​ | 676,137 | ​ | 5,273,491
Dollars |  | (301,411) |  | 371,374 |  | 69,963 |  | (498,094) | ​ | (104,111) | ​ | (602,205)
Total Loans excl. Foreign trade and U.S.$.loans |  | (111,366,447) |  | 161,644,679 |  | 50,278,232 |  | (52,228,651) |  | 68,083,509 |  | 15,854,858
Pesos |  | (111,069,137) |  | 161,289,726 |  | 50,220,589 |  | (51,756,332) | ​ | 68,190,297 | ​ | 16,433,965
Dollars |  | (297,310) |  | 354,953 |  | 57,643 |  | (472,319) | ​ | (106,788) | ​ | (579,107)
Foreign Trade Loans and U.S.$.loans |  | (1,773,952) |  | 943,780 |  | (830,172) |  | (3,299,525) |  | (233,610) |  | (3,533,135)
Pesos |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Dollars |  | (1,773,952) |  | 943,780 |  | (830,172) |  | (3,299,525) | ​ | (233,610) | ​ | (3,533,135)
Total Loans |  | (113,140,399) |  | 162,588,459 |  | 49,448,060 |  | (55,528,176) |  | 67,849,899 |  | 12,321,723
Pesos |  | (111,069,137) |  | 161,289,726 |  | 50,220,589 |  | (51,756,332) |  | 68,190,297 |  | 16,433,965
Dollars | ​ | (2,071,262) | ​ | 1,298,733 | ​ | (772,529) | ​ | (3,771,844) | ​ | (340,398) | ​ | (4,112,242)

​

119

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,
​ | ​ | 2023/2022 | ​ | 2022/2021
​ | ​ | Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in
​ |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Net Change |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Net Change
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
Repo transactions |  | 169,348,198 |  | 20,633,747 |  | 189,981,945 |  | (120,612,903) |  | 46,128,289 |  | (74,484,614)
Pesos |  | 169,348,198 |  | 20,633,747 |  | 189,981,945 |  | (120,612,903) |  | 46,128,289 |  | (74,484,614)
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Total Interest-Earning Assets |  | 56,207,799 |  | 183,222,206 |  | 239,430,005 |  | (176,141,079) |  | 113,978,188 |  | (62,162,891)
Pesos |  | 58,279,061 |  | 181,923,473 |  | 240,202,534 |  | (172,369,235) |  | 114,318,586 |  | (58,050,649)
Dollars |  | (2,071,262) |  | 1,298,733 |  | (772,529) |  | (3,771,844) |  | (340,398) |  | (4,112,242)
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-Bearing Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time Deposits |  | (75,107,064) |  | 218,964,077 |  | 143,857,013 |  | (43,365,164) |  | 110,472,790 |  | 67,107,626
Pesos |  | (75,084,040) |  | 218,952,624 |  | 143,868,584 |  | (43,314,202) | ​ | 110,458,842 |  | 67,144,640
Dollars |  | (23,024) |  | 11,453 |  | (11,571) |  | (50,962) | ​ | 13,948 |  | (37,014)
Special Checking Accounts |  | (15,613,052) |  | 179,255,744 |  | 163,642,692 |  | 28,772,506 |  | 54,179,731 |  | 82,952,237
Pesos |  | (15,626,144) |  | 179,267,821 |  | 163,641,677 |  | 28,823,988 | ​ | 54,221,268 |  | 83,045,256
Dollars |  | 13,092 |  | (12,077) |  | 1,015 |  | (51,482) | ​ | (41,537) |  | (93,019)
Borrowings from Other Financial Institutions and Unsub Negotiable Obligations |  | (4,425,047) |  | 3,493,585 |  | (931,462) |  | (9,693,830) |  | 7,521,785 |  | (2,172,045)
Pesos |  | (4,219,306) |  | 3,165,910 |  | (1,053,396) |  | (7,408,779) | ​ | 6,544,901 |  | (863,878)
Dollars |  | (205,741) |  | 327,675 |  | 121,934 |  | (2,285,051) | ​ | 976,884 |  | (1,308,167)
Subordinated Loans and Negotiable Obligations | ​ | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (556,204) |  | (556,204)
Pesos | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Dollars | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (556,204) | ​ | (556,204)
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities |  | (95,145,163) |  | 401,713,406 |  | 306,568,243 |  | (24,286,488) |  | 171,618,102 |  | 147,331,614
Pesos |  | (94,929,490) |  | 401,386,355 |  | 306,456,865 |  | (21,898,993) | ​ | 171,225,011 |  | 149,326,018
Dollars |  | (215,673) |  | 327,051 |  | 111,378 |  | (2,387,495) | ​ | 393,091 |  | (1,994,404)
Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings Accounts |  | (655,015) |  | 1,483,664 |  | 828,649 |  | (143,165) |  | 629,078 |  | 485,913
Pesos |  | (655,214) |  | 1,484,652 |  | 829,438 |  | (136,781) | ​ | 629,462 |  | 492,681
Dollars |  | 199 |  | (988) |  | (789) |  | (6,384) | ​ | (384) |  | (6,768)

​

​

120

​

Interest-earning Assets: Net Interest Margin and Spread

The following table analyzes, by currency of denomination, our levels of average interest-earning assets and net interest income, and illustrates the comparative margins and spreads for each of the years indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, |
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Average interest-earning assets(1)(2) |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Pesos |  | 1,450,094,101 |  | 1,602,560,121 |  | 1,673,887,357 |
Dollars |  | 116,485,247 |  | 112,265,096 |  | 192,171,955 |
Total |  | 1,566,579,348 |  | 1,714,825,217 |  | 1,866,059,312 |
Net interest earned |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 379,421,937 |  | 306,340,996 |  | 291,622,898 |
Dollars |  | 61,417,765 |  | 14,717,415 |  | 6,429,806 |
Total |  | 440,839,702 |  | 321,058,411 |  | 298,052,704 |
Net Interest Margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 26.2 | % | 19.1 | % | 17.4 | %
Dollars |  | 52.7 | % | 13.1 | % | 3.3 | %
Weighted average yield(3) |  | 28.1 | % | 18.7 | % | 16.0 | %
Yield Spread |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 10.7 | % | 11.8 | % | 12.5 | %
Dollars |  | 52.9 | % | 13.3 | % | 3.7 | %
Weighted interest spread(4) |  | 17.1 | % | 13.5 | % | 13.1 | %
Gross Yield |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 82.8 | % | 51.2 | % | 39.2 | %
Dollars |  | 53.4 | % | 13.7 | % | 4.7 | %

(1) | Includes all loans, leasing agreements and investments (including public and private bonds and Central Bank notes) and other receivables from financial intermediation that earn interest.

(2) | These figures represent daily averages.

(3) | Takes into account the average interest earned on interest-earning assets and is weighted in accordance with the volume of each asset.

(4) | Takes into account the average interest earned on interest-earning assets, net of average interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

​

121

Investment Portfolio

We own, manage and trade a portfolio of securities issued by the Argentine government, the Central Bank, and other public sector and corporate issuers. The following table sets out our investments in Argentina and other governments and corporate securities, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 by type and currency of denomination.

​

​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos ) | ​
Debt Securities at fair value through profit or loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
LOCAL | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Government securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER Mat.02/14/25 |  | 5,050,935 |  | - |
Treasury Bond Dual currency Mat.02/28/24 |  | 3,947,205 |  | 641 |
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER Mat.10/14/24 |  | 3,659,454 |  | - |
Treasury Bond linked in USD Mat.04/30/24 C.G |  | 1,965,438 |  | - |
Treasury Bond Dual currency Mat.06/30/24 |  | 342,486 |  | - |
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER2% Mat. 2026 |  | 337,019 |  | - |
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER Mat.04/14/24 | ​ | 335,696 |  | - | ​
Treasury Bond linked in USD Mat. 03/13/25 |  | 232,812 |  | - |
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER Desc Mat.02/20/24 |  | 192,228 |  | - |
Provincial Bond $ TV CL.22 Mat.03/29/24 |  | 45,088 |  | 361 |
Treasury Bond Dual Mat. 08/30/24 |  | 6,778,750 |  | - |
Treasury Bond Dual currency Mat. 08/30/24 | ​ | 3,123,900 |  | - | ​
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER Desc Mat.01/20/23 | ​ | - |  | 15,699,956 | ​
Treasury Bond ARS disc Mat.04/28/23 | ​ | - |  | 15,248,418 | ​
Treasury Bond ARS adj Mat. 03/31/23 | ​ | - |  | 7,390,413 | ​
Treasury Bond Dual currency Mat.07/31/23 | ​ | - |  | 5,675,214 | ​
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER 1,40% Mat.03/25/23 | ​ | - |  | 1,218,183 | ​
Treasury Bond ARS disc. Mat.02/17/23 | ​ | - |  | 1,083,733 | ​
Treasury Bond linked in USD 07/31/23 |  | - |  | 846,708 |
Treasury Bill ARS disc. Mat.01/31/23 |  | - |  | 410,062 |
Treasury Bond linked in USD STEP UP Mat.07/09/30 |  | - |  | 365,885 |
Treasury Bond Dual currency Mat.09/29/23 |  | - |  | 11,732,294 |
Treasury Bond Dual currency Mat.06/30/23 |  | - |  | 5,844,732 |
Treasury Bill ARS disc. Mat.02/28/23 |  | - |  | 1,398,220 |
Treasury Bill ARS disc. Mat.03/31/23 | ​ | - |  | 1,053,181 | ​
Treasury Bons ARS adj CER 1,50% Mat.03/25/24 |  | - |  | 84,557 |
Treasury Bond linked in USD Mat 03/24/2024 |  | - |  | 37 |
Treasury Bons Mat.01/20/2023 | ​ | - |  | 12,618 | ​
Treasury Bill ARS disc. Mat.04/28/2023 | ​ | - |  | 220,857 | ​
Others | ​ | 169,419 |  | 612,720 | ​
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER Mat. 07/26/24 $ (T2X4) | ​ | 658,168 |  | - | ​
Public Debt Securities ClassPublic Debt Securities Class N° 22 A TV Mat 03/29/24(BDC24) | ​ | 13,706 |  | - | ​
Treasury Bond linked in USD Mat.04/30/24 (TV24) | ​ | 402,165 |  | - | ​
TDJ24 - Treasury Bond Dual currency Mat. 06/30/2024 | ​ | 621,476 |  | - | ​
TDG24 -Treasury Bond Dual currency Mat. 08/30/2024 | ​ | 748,176 |  | - | ​
National public title issued in dollars with a fixed rate Mat. 07/07/2030 | ​ | 189,250 |  | - | ​
National public title issued in dollars with a fixed rate Mat. 07/09/2035 | ​ | 69,500 |  | - | ​
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER 4.25% Mat.02/14/25 | ​ | 2,058,936 |  | - | ​
TDF24 - Treasury Bond Dual currency 02/2024 | ​ | 3,274,722 |  | - | ​
Treasury Bond Dual currency TDF24 | ​ | 2,491,539 |  | - | ​
Treasury Bond ARS CER Mat. 02/14/2025 | ​ | 1,771,465 |  | - | ​
Treasury Bond ARS CER Mat. 10/14/2024 | ​ | 128 |  | - | ​
Treasury Bond Dual currency Mat.06/30/24 | ​ | 2,402,200 |  | - | ​
Treasury Bond Dual currency Mat.04/30/24 | ​ | 4,496 |  | - | ​
Treasury Bond Dual currency TDG24 | ​ | 152,202 |  | - | ​

122

​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos ) | ​
Treasury Bond Dual currency Mat.04/30/2024 | ​ | 8,992 |  | - | ​
Treasury Bond Dual currency Mat.06/30/24 | ​ | 381,544 |  | - | ​
Treasury Bond Dual currency Mat.08/30/2024 | ​ | 31,274 |  | - | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Corporate Securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
On Cresud S27 CL41 $ Mat.10/04/24 | ​ | 538,496 |  | - | ​
On Newsan Cl.17 $ Mat.07/21/2024 |  | 432,783 |  | - |
On Capex Cl.7 U$S Mat.09/07/27 |  | 142,010 |  | - |
On Luz Tres Picos 4 U$S 09/29/26 |  | 103,949 |  | 79,885 |
On Capex CL.6 U$S Mat.09/07/26 |  | 99,750 |  | - |
On Ypf Clase 39 8,50% U$S Mat.07/28/25 | ​ | 81,212 |  | 91,859 | ​
VDFF $ Mercado Cred Cons 20 Mat.03/15/24 | ​ | 62,310 |  | - | ​
On Pyme Datastar 2 $ Mat.07/06/25 | ​ | 59,225 |  | - | ​
On Vista Energy 18 U$S Mat.03/03/27 | ​ | 2,762 |  | - | ​
On Pyme Venturino $ Mat.10/05/23 | ​ | - |  | 11,444 | ​
ON Capex 9.250% Mat.08/25/28 U$S | ​ | 210,824 |  | - | ​
ON YPF 2024 Clase 28 | ​ | 205,128 |  | - | ​
ON MSU Energy Cl.6 U$S | ​ | 383,163 |  | - | ​
ON YPF Ener.Elec. C.12 Mat.08/29/26 U$S Cg | ​ | 79 |  | - | ​
ON YPF Ener.Elec. C.11 Mat.08/29/24 U$S | ​ | 1,225 |  | - | ​
Pay Mat vto 08/13/24 | ​ | 1,598,339 |  | - | ​
Others | ​ | 1,034,198 |  | 625,617 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total debt securities |  | 46,415,822 |  | 69,707,595 |

​

​

123

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
OTHER DEBT SECURITIES |  |  |  |
Measure at fair value through changes in Other Comprehensive Income |  |  |  |
LOCAL |  |  |  |
Government securities |  |  |  |
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER Mat.02/14/25 |  | 9,967,500 |  | -
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER1,50% Mat.03/25/24 |  | 1,630,129 |  | 2,217,521
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER 1,40% Mat.03/25/23 |  | - |  | 1,473,279
Treasury Bond ARS Mat.02/06/2023 |  | - |  | 5,993,601
Treasury Bill ARS adj CER |  | - |  | 6,834,741
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER4,25% Mat.02/14/2025 |  | 323,902 |  | -
Treasury Bond Dual currency Mat.06/30/24 |  | 36,806 |  | -
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER4.25% Mat.02/24/25 |  | 374,280 |  | -
Treasury Bond Dual currency 02/2024 - Tdf24 |  | 381,500 |  | -
Others |  | - |  | 3,590,632
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Securities issued by the Central Bank | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat.17/01/23 | ​ | - | ​ | 120,358,805
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat.19/01/23 | ​ | - | ​ | 104,897,385
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat.24/01/23 | ​ | - | ​ | 77,160,829
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat.10/01/23 | ​ | - | ​ | 76,284,441
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat.12/01/23 | ​ | - | ​ | 60,782,786
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat.26/01/23 | ​ | - | ​ | 38,429,899
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat.05/01/23 | ​ | - | ​ | 33,906,503
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat.03/01/23 | ​ | - | ​ | 30,949,965
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Central Bank liquidity Note Mat.11/01/23 | ​ | - |  | 42,155,626
Central Bank liquidity Note Mat.04/01/23 | ​ | - |  | 15,070,560
Central Bank liquidity Note Mat.25/01/23 |  | - |  | 12,450,688
Central Bank liquidity Note Mat.18/01/23 |  | - |  | 8,366,901
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Corporate Securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
On Spi Energy SA CL.1 US$ Mat.06/27/2026 | ​ | 2,282,115 |  | 2,467,124
VDFF Mercado Crédito Consumo 26 ARS | ​ | 1,575,195 |  | -
On Tarj Naranja CL.53 ARS Mat.04/05/24 | ​ | 1,296,829 |  | 3,610,706
On Msu Energy CL.4 U$S Mat.05/20/24 | ​ | 1,113,080 |  | 702,788
VDFF Mercado CR. Consumo 25 ARS | ​ | 1,025,794 |  | -
VDFF ARS Mercado Cred 19 Mat.08/15/24 | ​ | 1,004,147 |  | -
VDFF ARS Cred Cons 24 Mat.10/15/24 | ​ | 976,492 |  | -
On Tarj Naranja CL.55 $ Mat.02/09/24 | ​ | 900,830 |  | 2,857,355
On Newsan 18 Mat. 10/17/24 ARS | ​ | 615,270 |  | -
On Pan American Cl.25 Mat. 03/14/25 ARS | ​ | 530,149 |  | -
On Newsan Cl . 15 Mat.05/19/24 Wncgo | ​ | 115,291 |  | -
On Spi Energy Sa Cl.1 Us$ Mat.06/27/2026 | ​ | 762,285 |  | -
On Pyme Alz Semillas 7 Mat.09/29/25 | ​ | 169,653 |  | -
Others | ​ | 3,188,784 |  | 2,570,910
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

124

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Measure at amortized cost | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
LOCAL |  | ​ |  |
Public bonds |  |  |  |
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER Mat.02/14/25 | ​ | 75,024,524 |  | -
Treasury Bond ARS Mat.08/23/25 |  | 15,749,725 |  | -
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER Mat.10/14/24 | ​ | 15,224,029 |  | -
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER4,25% Mat.12/13/24 | ​ | 14,792,810 |  | -
Treasury Bond ARS Mat.05/23/27 | ​ | 12,977,047 |  | 40,029,248
Treasury Bond ARS Mat.11/23/27 | ​ | 5,065,575 |  | 13,201,236
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER4,25% Mat.02/14/2025 | ​ | 2,212,690 |  | -
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER4% Mat.10/14/24 | ​ | 3,387,634 |  | -
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER Mat. 02/14/2025 | ​ | 795,893 |  | -
Treasury Bill ARS adj CER Mat05/19/2023 |  | - |  | 608,782
Treasury Bill ARS disc. Mat.03/31/23 | ​ | - |  | 10,228,212
Treasury Bill ARS disc. Mat.04/28/23 | ​ | - |  | 6,566,591
Treasury Bill ARS adj CER Mat.05/19/23 | ​ | - |  | 5,556,331
Treasury Bond ARS adj CER2% Mat. 2026 | ​ | - |  | 4,825,632
Treasury Bill ARS disc. Mat.02/28/23 | ​ | - |  | 4,741,228
Treasury Bill ARS disc.Mat.09/18/23 | ​ | - |  | 3,662,951
Others | ​ | - |  | 5,877,420
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Securities issued by the Central Bank | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat.10/11/24 | ​ | 65,216,128 | ​ | -
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat. 11/16/24 | ​ | 6,063,625 | ​ | -
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat.11/15/24 | ​ | 4,365,810 | ​ | -
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat.11/14/24 | ​ | 404,241 | ​ | -
Central Bank liquidity Bill Mat.06/14/23 | ​ | - | ​ | 7,845,838
Central Bank liquidity Note Mat 03/22/23 | ​ | - | ​ | 38,171,642
Central Bank liquidity Note Mat.01/18/23 | ​ | - | ​ | 18,612,707
Central Bank liquidity Note Mat.03/15/23 | ​ | - | ​ | 11,594,158
Central Bank liquidity Note Mat.02/22/23 | ​ | - | ​ | 10,027,706
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Corporate Securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
On Msu CL 6 U$S Mat.11/02/24 | ​ | 1,221,471 | ​ | -
On Gn Medi/CT Roca 17 U$S Mat.11/07/24 | ​ | 409,292 | ​ | -
FF Red Surcos XXIX lote 1 | ​ | - | ​ | 5,015,413
FF Red Surcos XXIX lote 2 | ​ | - | ​ | 277,377
Others | ​ | 16 | ​ | 50
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total other debt securities |  | 251,180,541 |  | 839,975,567
Investments in equity instruments |  |  |  |
Measured at fair value through profit and loss |  |  |  |
LOCAL |  |  |  |
Pampa Energía S.A. |  | 26,237 |  | 144,901
Holcim Arg |  | 7,218 |  | 4,416
Edenor SA |  | 5,799 |  | 145,309
Loma Negra S.A. | ​ | 2,412 |  | 102,814
Cedear SPDR Dow Jones Ind | ​ | 1,803 |  | 1,731
Cedear SPDR S&P | ​ | 1,528 |  | 1,348
Cedear Financial Select Sector | ​ | 1,430 |  | 1,423
Ternium Arg S.A.Ords."A"1 Voto Esc | ​ | 1,113 |  | 42,781
Cedear Ishares MSCI Brasil | ​ | 801 |  | 701
YPF SA | ​ | 517 |  | 141,977
Others |  | 236 |  | 250,161
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Measured at fair value through changes in Other Comprehensive Income |  |  |  |
LOCAL |  |  |  |
Others |  | 316,891 | (1)​ | 727,448
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total investments in equity instruments |  | 365,985 |  | 1,565,010
Total |  | 297,962,348 |  | 911,248,172

​

125

| (1) | Includes an equity investment in Modo of Ps.170,112 thousand. The Bank owns 2.368% of the shares of Modo, which is a company fully owned by most banks operating in Argentina. It developed and launched Modo in late 2020 as a way to send and receive money with people you know, using their mobile phone numbers as ID without the need for a CBU, alias account number or CVU (uniform virtual key). In the beggining of 2021 also added a Peer to Merchant solution for payments through a QR code. Modo is a standalone app or it can be embedded in the banking apps and is a strong player in the digital payment segment.

​

The following table sets out the weighted average yield for each range of maturities, to debt securities that are not held at fair value:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, 2023 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | After 5 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | After 1 year | ​ | year | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Debt securities that are not held at | ​ | Within 1 | ​ | through | ​ | through | ​ | After 10 | ​ | ​ | ​
fair value |  | year |  | 5 years |  | 10 years |  | years |  | Total | ​
Weighted average yield | ​ | (43.5) | % | (15.6) | % | — | ​ | — | ​ | (34.1) | %

​

The weighted average yield was calculated as the sum of each bond’s returns divided by the sum of each bond’s average holding considering their remaining maturity.

The following table sets out the aggregate book value of securities from a single issuer that exceeds 10% of Grupo Supervielle Shareholder´s Equity:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | %Shareholder´s |
Single Issuer | ​ | 12/31/2023 | ​ | Equity | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages) | ​
Argentine government(1) | ​ | 199,404,413 | ​ | 58.39 | %
Central Bank(2) |  | 76,049,804 |  | 22.28 | %
​ |  | 275,454,217 | ​ | ​ | ​

(1) Includes Ps.52.1 billion of Treasury Bonds considered in the minimum reserve requirements.

(2) Includes Ps.42.8 billion of Securities Issued by the Central Bank considered in the minimum reserve requirements.

​

Loans and other Financing

Our loan and other financing portfolio are included in Note 25 to our audited consolidated financial statements. Loans and The Other Financing of our audited consolidated financial statements.

126

Maturity Composition of the Loan and Other Financing

The following table analyzes our loan and other financing as of December 31, 2023 by type and by the time remaining to maturity. Loans and other financings are stated before deduction of allowances for loan losses.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | Maturing as of December 31, 2023
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | After 1 | ​ | After 5 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | year | ​ | year | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Within 1 | ​ | through | ​ | through | ​ | After 15 | ​ | ​
​ |  | year |  | 5 years |  | 15 years |  | years |  | Total
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages)
Loans and other financing | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
To the non-financial public sector |  | 1,834,358 |  | 235,757 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,070,115
To the financial sector |  | 3,272,827 |  | 740,818 |  | — |  | — |  | 4,013,645
To the non-financial private sector and foreign residents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Overdrafts |  | 41,894,321 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 41,894,321
Promissory notes |  | 152,566,662 |  | 14,410,117 |  | — |  | — |  | 166,976,779
Mortgage loans |  | 118,236 |  | 677,540 |  | 15,810,961 |  | 37,345,041 |  | 53,951,778
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 7,895,208 |  | 7,432,120 |  | — |  | — |  | 15,327,328
Personal loans |  | 17,417,837 |  | 33,848,430 |  | 556,657 |  | 75,893 |  | 51,898,817
Credit card loans |  | 75,811,274 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 75,811,274
Foreign trade loans and U.S. dollar loans |  | 20,350,652 |  | 10,690,138 |  | 1,881,933 |  | — |  | 32,922,723
Others |  | 32,735,524 |  | 2,277,537 |  | 32,291 |  | — |  | 35,045,352
Receivables from financial leases |  | 2,729,951 |  | 17,233,300 |  | 28,529 |  | — |  | 19,991,780
Total loans and other financing |  | 356,626,850 |  | 87,545,757 |  | 18,310,371 |  | 37,420,934 |  | 499,903,912

​

Interest Rate Sensitivity

The following table analyzes the amount of our loan and other financing portfolio due after one year at fixed and variable interest rate. Loans and financings are stated before deduction of allowances for loan losses.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | Amount due after one year at
​ | ​ | Fixed | ​ | Variable | ​ | ​
​ |  | interest rate |  | interest rate |  | Total
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages)
Loans and other financing |  |  |  |  |  |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
To the non-financial public sector |  | — |  | 235,757 |  | 235,757
To the financial sector |  | 740,818 |  | — |  | 740,818
To the non-financial private sector and foreign residents: |  |  |  |  |  |
Overdrafts |  |  |  |  |  |
Promissory notes |  | 13,817,501 |  | 592,616 |  | 14,410,117
Mortgage loans |  | 51,138,131 |  | 2,695,411 |  | 53,833,542
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 6,958,109 |  | 474,011 |  | 7,432,120
Personal loans |  | 34,480,980 |  | — |  | 34,480,980
Credit card loans |  | — |  | — |  | —
Foreign trade loans and U.S. dollar loans |  | 12,572,071 |  | — |  | 12,572,071
Others |  | 2,309,828 |  | — |  | 2,309,828
Receivables from financial leases |  | 13,971,187 |  | 3,290,642 |  | 17,261,829
Total loans and other financing |  | 135,988,625 |  | 7,288,437 |  | 143,277,062

​

127

Amounts Past Due Loans and Other Financing

The following table analyzes amounts past due in our loan and other financing portfolio, by type of loan and other financing as of the dates indicated. The past due loans listed in the table below include loans of the Bank, Tarjeta, Espacio Cordial, IUDÚ and MILA past due more than 90 days.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages)
Past Due |  |  |  |  | ​ |
Loans and other Financing |  |  |  |  | ​ |
To the non-financial private sector and foreign residents |  |  |  |  | ​ |
Overdrafts |  | 1,183,855 |  | 540,015 | ​ | 649,832
Promissory notes |  | 741,174 |  | 417,688 | ​ | 247,925
Mortgage loans |  | 778,700 |  | 2,209,939 | ​ | 2,705,104
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 348,257 |  | 1,261,814 | ​ | 11,203,313
Personal loans |  | 3,831,043 |  | 8,045,266 | ​ | 11,340,430
Credit card loans |  | 4,177,176 |  | 7,333,522 | ​ | 2,216,244
Foreign trade loans |  | 2,608,537 |  | 4,610,063 | ​ | 7,910,323
Other loans |  | 3,253,325 |  | 4,639,354 | ​ | 2,735,500
Receivables from financial leases |  | 526,762 |  | 120,560 | ​ | 158,775
Total Past Due Loans and other financing |  | 17,448,829 |  | 29,178,221 | ​ | 39,167,446
Past Due Financings |  |  |  |  | ​ |
With Preferred Guarantees |  | 1,659,484 |  | 2,354,018 | ​ | 10,867,778
Without Guarantees |  | 15,789,345 |  | 26,824,203 | ​ | 28,299,668
Total Past Due Financings |  | 17,448,829 |  | 29,178,221 | ​ | 39,167,446

​

Analysis of the Allowance for Loan Losses

The analysis of the allowances for loan losses are included in Note 1.11 and Note 25 to our audited consolidated financial statements. See “Item 5.E. Critical Accounting Estimates—Allowances for Loan Losses.”

The following table analyses the ratio of allowances for loans losses to total loans:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, |
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages) | ​
Allowances for loan losses |  | 17,448,828 |  | 38,060,404 | ​ | 60,950,155 | ​
Loans and other financing |  | 499,903,912 |  | 766,535,154 | ​ | 1,004,058,768 | ​
Allowances as a percentage of Loans |  | 3.49 | % | 4.97 | % | 6.07 | %

​

128

The following table analyzes the ratio of net charge-offs to average loans, disclosed by loan category.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 |  | 2021 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Write-offs | ​ | Net Charge- | ​ | ​ | ​ | Write-offs | ​ | Net Charge- |  | ​ | ​ | Write-offs | ​ | Net Charge- |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | and | ​ | offs/average | ​ | ​ | ​ | and | ​ | offs/average | ​ | ​ | ​ | and | ​ | offs/average | ​
​ |  | Average |  | reversals |  | loans |  | Average |  | reversals |  | loans | ​ | Average |  | reversals |  | loans | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages) | ​
Loans: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |
Promissory notes | ​ | 88,661,948 | ​ | (46,586) | ​ | (0.05) | % | 136,285,752 | ​ | (190,211) | ​ | (0.14) | % | 168,814,495 | ​ | (1,243,594) | ​ | (0.74) | %
Unsecured corporate loans |  | 124,706,925 |  | (2,521,318) |  | (2.02) | % | 120,912,394 | ​ | (9,121,149) |  | (7.54) | % | 123,932,516 | ​ | (23,952,962) |  | (19.33) | %
Overdrafts |  | 47,376,656 |  | (214,056) |  | (0.45) | % | 39,986,427 | ​ | (323,926) |  | (0.81) | % | 44,776,965 | ​ | (2,071,851) |  | (4.63) | %
Mortgage loans |  | 70,185,435 |  | (733,842) |  | (1.05) | % | 78,972,720 | ​ | (205,426) |  | (0.26) | % | 94,853,591 | ​ | (54,898) |  | (0.06) | %
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 20,589,065 |  | (812,013) |  | (3.94) | % | 24,428,584 | ​ | (2,760,464) |  | (11.30) | % | 19,172,698 | ​ | (225,219) |  | (1.17) | %
Personal loans |  | 80,141,775 |  | (6,224,758) |  | (7.77) | % | 139,004,401 | ​ | (14,303,595) |  | (10.29) | % | 180,754,798 | ​ | (11,725,569) |  | (6.49) | %
Credit card loans |  | 104,462,883 |  | (5,055,971) |  | (4.84) | % | 161,831,667 | ​ | (11,958,633) |  | (7.39) | % | 162,153,456 | ​ | (5,507,960) |  | (3.40) | %
Foreign Trade Loans |  | 39,330,529 |  | — |  | — | % | 61,270,504 | ​ | (347,350) |  | (0.57) | % | 111,682,426 | ​ | (559,285) |  | (0.50) | %
Loans to the Financial Sector |  | 2,423,357 |  | — |  | — |  | 629,394 | ​ | — |  | — |  | 248,639 | ​ | — |  | — |
Receivables from financial leases |  | 28,417,785 |  | (25,042) |  | (0.09) | % | 35,301,661 | ​ | (151,026) |  | (0.43) | % | 33,085,868 | ​ | (793,910) |  | (2.40) | %
Total |  | 606,296,358 |  | (15,633,586) |  | (2.58) | % | 798,623,504 |  | (39,361,780) |  | (4.93) | % | 939,475,452 |  | (46,135,248) |  | (4.91) | %

​

Allocation of the Allowance for Loan Losses and Other Financing

The allocation of allowances for loan and other financing losses by category of loans are included in Note 1.11 and Note 25 to our audited consolidated financial statements. See “Item 5.E. Critical Accounting Estimates—Allowances for Loan Losses.”

129

Loans and Other Financing Portfolio by Economic Activity

The table below analyzes our loan and other financing portfolio according to the borrower’s main economic activity as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 |  | ​ | 2021 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of |
​ | ​ | Loan | ​ | Loan | ​ | Loan | ​ | Loan | ​ | ​ | Loan | ​ | Loan | ​
​ |  | Portfolio |  | Portfolio |  | Portfolio |  | Portfolio | ​ | ​ | Portfolio |  | Portfolio | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Oils and oilseeds | ​ | 1,666,753 | ​ | — | % | 328,498 | ​ | 0.0 | % | ​ | 4,358,658 | ​ | 0.4 | %
Agriculture, crops and fruit | ​ | 32,646,376 | ​ | 6.5 | % | 36,457,900 | ​ | 4.8 | % | ​ | 64,632,619 | ​ | 6.4 | %
Manufactured foodstuff, cattle beef |  | 17,937,781 |  | 3.6 | % | 34,126,043 |  | 4.5 | % | ​ | 50,947,801 |  | 5.1 | %
Household items, sales / Trading |  | 724,270 |  | 0.1 | % | 1,483,546 |  | 0.2 | % | ​ | 2,537,200 |  | 0.3 | %
Automotive vehicles and car parts |  | 15,740,312 |  | 3.1 | % | 17,608,651 |  | 2.3 | % | ​ | 14,915,084 |  | 1.5 | %
Sugar |  | 5,789,551 |  | 1.2 | % | 4,911,138 |  | 0.6 | % | ​ | 5,899,904 |  | 0.6 | %
Foreign and local banks |  | 215,023 |  | — | % | 113,247 |  | — | % | ​ | 260,953 |  | — | %
Alcoholic beverages |  | 924,031 |  | 0.2 | % | 6,188,215 |  | 0.8 | % | ​ | 2,345,367 |  | 0.2 | %
Civil construction |  | 6,481,825 |  | 1.3 | % | 10,348,945 |  | 1.4 | % | ​ | 7,194,445 |  | 0.7 | %
Road works and specialized construction |  | 18,371,226 |  | 3.7 | % | 29,096,476 |  | 3.8 | % | ​ | 25,353,527 |  | 2.5 | %
Cooperatives and small financial institutions |  | 22,214,573 |  | 4.4 | % | 17,420,091 |  | 2.3 | % | ​ | 41,018,484 |  | 4.1 | %
Private and public mail services |  | 65,070 |  | — | % | 68,787 |  | — | % | ​ | 92,161 |  | — | %
Cattle raising |  | 11,259,239 |  | 2.3 | % | 12,670,199 |  | 1.7 | % | ​ | 17,060,698 |  | 1.7 | %
Leather |  | 317,406 |  | 0.1 | % | 245,128 |  | — | % | ​ | 1,734,587 |  | 0.2 | %
Electricity and gas distribution |  | 13,871,628 |  | 2.8 | % | 9,572,908 |  | 1.2 | % | ​ | 9,371,632 |  | 0.9 | %
Home appliances, audio and video devices, production and importation |  | 3,797,184 |  | 0.8 | % | 2,273,484 |  | 0.3 | % | ​ | 2,068,108 |  | 0.2 | %
Hydrocarbon extraction and production |  | 1,588,369 |  | 0.3 | % | 6,958,796 |  | 0.9 | % | ​ | 1,474,126 |  | 0.1 | %
Families and individuals(1) |  | 201,886,776 |  | 40.4 | % | 380,866,919 |  | 49.7 | % | ​ | 468,344,708 |  | 46.6 | %
Hypermarkets and supermarkets |  | 3,909,066 |  | 0.8 | % | 2,635,122 |  | 0.3 | % | ​ | 2,897,137 |  | 0.3 | %
Machines and tools – Production, sale and/or lease |  | 6,578,676 |  | 1.3 | % | 9,282,757 |  | 1.2 | % | ​ | 7,880,690 |  | 0.8 | %
Motorcycles, parts and accessories |  | 913,374 |  | 0.2 | % | 12,799 |  | — | % | ​ | 11,942 |  | — | %
Paper and cardboard |  | 1,962,127 |  | 0.4 | % | 2,079,312 |  | 0.3 | % | ​ | 4,668,801 |  | 0.5 | %
Plastic - Manufactures |  | 2,526,079 |  | 0.5 | % | 4,906,592 |  | 0.6 | % | ​ | 4,507,510 |  | 0.4 | %
Metal products |  | 3,518,735 |  | 0.7 | % | 7,441,599 |  | 1.0 | % | ​ | 6,335,031 |  | 0.6 | %
Pharmaceutical products and laboratories |  | 4,756,503 |  | 1.0 | % | 5,515,384 |  | 0.7 | % | ​ | 6,355,350 |  | 0.6 | %
Chemical products |  | 5,981,895 |  | 1.2 | % | 6,850,791 |  | 0.9 | % | ​ | 8,899,654 |  | 0.9 | %
Waste collection and recycling |  | 10,285,170 |  | 2.1 | % | 15,442,509 |  | 2.0 | % | ​ | 14,819,180 |  | 1.5 | %
Corporate services |  | 9,898,321 |  | 2.0 | % | 6,580,324 |  | 0.9 | % | ​ | 12,138,860 |  | 1.2 | %
Health services |  | 6,262,822 |  | 1.3 | % | 13,154,883 |  | 1.7 | % | ​ | 12,936,048 |  | 1.3 | %
Mineral extraction and production |  | 8,387,145 |  | 1.7 | % | 14,935,151 |  | 1.9 | % | ​ | 14,059,709 |  | 1.4 | %
Telecommunications |  | 2,683,885 |  | 0.5 | % | 2,191,590 |  | 0.3 | % | ​ | 239,930 |  | 0.0 | %
Textile industry |  | 19,611,351 |  | 3.9 | % | 14,816,959 |  | 1.9 | % | ​ | 26,490,405 |  | 2.6 | %
Cargo transportation |  | 11,212,546 |  | 2.2 | % | 16,298,952 |  | 2.1 | % | ​ | 17,344,534 |  | 1.7 | %
Wine industry |  | 23,379,520 |  | 4.7 | % | 32,244,919 |  | 4.2 | % | ​ | 37,148,631 |  | 3.7 | %
Real estate agencies |  | 1,138,114 |  | 0.2 | % | 2,493,765 |  | 0.3 | % | ​ | 812,712 |  | 0.1 | %
Other(2) |  | 21,401,190 |  | 4.3 | % | 38,912,775 |  | 5.1 | % | ​ | 106,902,582 |  | 10.6 | %
Total |  | 499,903,912 |  | 100.0 | % | 766,535,154 |  | 100.0 | % | ​ | 1,004,058,768 |  | 100.0 | %

(1)Loans for personal consumption.

(2)Includes all other industries. None of such industries exceeds 1% of the total loan and other financing portfolio.

130

Composition of Deposits

The following table sets out the composition of each category of deposits by currency of denomination that exceeded 10% of average total deposits at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 |  | 2021 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average |  | ​ | ​ | Average |
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​
​ |  | balance |  | rate |  | balance |  | rate | ​ | balance |  | rate | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Deposits in domestic bank offices by local depositors | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  |
Non-interest-bearing current accounts | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  |
Average |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​
Pesos |  | 137,691,449 |  | — | % | 207,179,004 |  | — | % | 170,778,257 |  | — | %
Dollars |  | 6,443,110 |  | — | % | 9,339,688 |  | — | % | 10,426,328 |  | — | %
Total |  | 144,134,559 |  | — | % | 216,518,692 |  | — | % | 181,204,585 |  | — | %

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, |
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average |  | ​ | ​ | Average |
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​
​ | ​ | balance | ​ | rate | ​ | balance | ​ | rate | ​ | balance | ​ | rate | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages) | ​
Savings accounts | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  |
Average | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  |
Pesos |  | 115,031,175 |  | 1.9 | % | 210,977,034 |  | 0.3 | % | 193,847,136 |  | 0.2 | %
Dollars |  | 50,994,084 |  | — | % | 68,742,982 |  | 0 | % | 76,004,934 |  | 0 | %
Total |  | 166,025,259 |  | 1.3 | % | 279,720,016 |  | 0.2 | % | 269,852,070 |  | 0.1 | %
Special checking accounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 345,109,989 |  | 109.7 | % | 490,892,067 |  | 36.8 | % | 347,970,468 |  | 22.2 | %
Dollars |  | 47,667,889 |  | 0.3 | % | 59,528,523 |  | 0.4 | % | 64,812,342 |  | 0.3 | %
Total |  | 392,777,878 |  | 96.5 | % | 550,420,590 |  | 31.1 | % | 412,782,810 |  | 17.8 | %
Time deposits |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 369,851,433 |  | 118.8 | % | 592,014,683 |  | 41.2 | % | 553,157,564 |  | 35.0 | %
Dollars |  | 10,462,572 |  | 0.60 | % | 19,499,649 |  | 0.42 | % | 26,778,462 |  | 1.80 | %
Total |  | 380,314,005 |  | 115.5 | % | 611,514,332 |  | 39.4 | % | 579,936,026 |  | 32.5 | %

​

131

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 |  | 2021
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal
​ |  | balance |  | rate |  | balance |  | rate |  | balance |  | rate
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Deposits in domestic bank offices by foreign depositors |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Non-interest-bearing current accounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Average |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Pesos |  | — |  | ​ |  | 84 |  |  | ​ | 352 |  |
Dollars |  | — |  | ​ |  | — |  |  | ​ | — |  |
Total |  | — |  | ​ |  | 84 |  |  | ​ | 352 |  |
Savings accounts |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Average |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Pesos |  | 9,544 |  | ​ |  | 16,828 |  |  | ​ | 21,977 |  |
Dollars |  | 15,744 |  | ​ |  | 42,837 |  |  | ​ | 101,490 |  |
Total |  | 25,288 |  | ​ |  | 59,665 |  |  | ​ | 123,467 |  |
Time deposits |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Average |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Pesos |  | 11,128 |  | ​ |  | 18,476 |  |  | ​ | 33,114 |  |
Dollars |  | — |  | ​ |  | — |  |  | ​ | — |  |
Total |  | 11,128 |  | ​ |  | 18,476 |  |  | ​ | 33,114 |  |

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos)
Uninsured deposits |  | 1,249,886,089 |  | 1,308,350,500 |  | 1,158,816,385

​

Maturity of Deposits

The following table sets forth information regarding the maturity of our time deposits exceeding the SEDESA insurance limit at December 31, 2023.

​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2023
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
Time Deposits |  |
3 months or less; |  | 300,134,390
Over 3 months through 6 months; |  | 521,201
Over 6 months through 12 months; |  | 142,920
Over 12 months |  | —
Total Time Deposits(1) |  | 300,798,511

(1)Only principal. Excludes the CER and UVA adjustment.

Law No. 24485 and Decree No. 540/95 established the creation of the Deposit Insurance System to cover the risk attached to bank deposits, in addition to the system of privileges and safeguards envisaged in the Financial Institutions Law.

The maximum amount for this insurance system to demand deposits and time deposits denominated either in Pesos and/or in foreign currency was set at Ps.1,000,000 as from March 1, 2019 and increased to Ps.1,500,000 as of May 1, 2020. However, pursuant to Communication “A” 7661, the Central Bank raised the amount covered by the Deposit Insurance System to Ps.6,000,000. Pursuant to Communication “A” 7985, the Central Bank raised the amount covered by the Deposit Insurance System to Ps.25,000,000 effective April 1, 2024,

132

This system does not cover deposits made by other financial institutions (including time deposit certificates acquired through a secondary transaction), deposits made by parties related to Banco Supervielle S.A., either directly or indirectly, deposits of securities, acceptances or guarantees and those deposits set up at an interest rate exceeding the one established regularly by the Argentine Central Bank.

Short-term Borrowings

The table below shows our short-term borrowings as of the dates indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 |  | 2021 |
​ |  | ​ |  | Annualized |  | ​ |  | Annualized |  | ​ |  | Annualized |
​ | ​ | Amount | ​ | Rate | ​ | Amount | ​ | Rate |  | Amount | ​ | Rate |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) |
International banks and Institutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​
Total amount outstanding at the end of the reported period |  | 255,796 |  | 10.8 | % | 5,326,453 |  | 8.4 | % | 31,142,718 |  | 2.9 | %
Average during period |  | 2,634,369 |  | 18.8 | % | 5,071,610 |  | 7.5 | % | 36,172,546 |  | 4.8 | %
Maximum monthly average |  | 4,886,271 |  | ​ |  | 8,497,225 |  | ​ |  | 42,641,763 |  | ​ |
Financing received from Argentine financial institutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total amount outstanding at the end of the reported period |  | 2,541,940 |  | 42.3 | % | 7,574,421 |  | 34.7 | % | 6,692,142 |  | 32.5 | %
Average during period |  | 2,981,747 |  | 65.2 | % | 10,281,388 |  | 47.6 | % | 5,911,128 |  | 18.3 | %
Maximum monthly average |  | 3,356,345 |  | ​ |  | 19,061,450 |  | ​ |  | 7,862,405 |  | ​ |
Other(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Total amount outstanding at the end of the reported period |  | 67,110,356 |  | — | % | 67,356,206 |  | 0.8 | % | 85,922,367 |  | — | %
Average during year |  | 34,776,833 |  | — | % | 58,043,694 |  | 1.7 | % | 65,922,503 |  | — | %
Maximum monthly average |  | 58,479,624 |  | ​ |  | 67,713,333 |  | ​ |  | 87,074,374 |  | ​ |
Unsubordinated Corporate Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Total amount outstanding at the end of the reported period |  | — |  | — | % | 1,594,575 |  | 69.2 | % | 6,117,497 |  | 34.1 | %
Average during year |  | 42,676 |  | 72.6 | % | 1,722,659 |  | 54.7 | % | 13,140,425 |  | 14.4 | %
Maximum monthly average |  | 512,108 |  | ​ |  | 3,140,677 |  | ​ |  | 25,660,314 |  | ​ |

​

(1)Includes mainly collections and other transactions on behalf of third parties, miscellaneous (payment orders abroad) and social security payment orders pending settlement.

​

133

Return on Equity and Assets

The following table presents certain selected financial information and ratios for the dates indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, |
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Net Income for the year attributable to owners of the parent company |  | 51,615,837 | ​ | (15,654,911) | ​ | (10,521,726) |
Average total assets(1) |  | 2,051,102,120 | ​ | 2,209,781,898 | ​ | 2,419,969,829 |
Average shareholders’ equity |  | 306,871,669 | ​ | 301,542,483 | ​ | 322,852,118 |
Shareholders’ equity at the end of the period attributable to owners of the parent company |  | 341,377,494 | ​ | 287,316,144 | ​ | 312,457,100 |
Net income as a percentage of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average total assets |  | 2.5 | % | (0.7) | % | (0.4) | %
Average shareholders’ equity |  | 16.8 | % | (5.2) | % | (3.3) | %
Declared cash dividends |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,531,690 |
Dividend payout ratio(2) |  | — | % | — | % | (14.6) | %
Average shareholders’ equity as a percentage of average total assets |  | 15.0 | % | 13.6 | % | 13.3 | %

(1) | Calculated on a daily basis.

(2) | Calculated by dividing dividend paid in the year by net income for the year attributable to owners of the parent company under IFRS. As mentioned in Note 24 to our audited consolidated financial statements, dividends are paid based on distributable retained earnings calculated in accordance with the rules of the Argentine Central Bank.

Minimum Capital Requirements

Our main subsidiary, the Bank, is required to satisfy minimum capital requirements. The following table sets forth the Bank and IUDÚ’s consolidated minimum capital requirements set by the Superintendency as of the dates indicated.

​

134

As stated above under “Presentation of Financial and Other Information,” we have prepared our audited consolidated financial statements for 2023, 2022 and 2021 under IFRS. Minimum capital requirements have been prepared in accordance with the rules of the Argentine Central Bank, which is not comparable to data prepared under IFRS.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,(2) |
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Calculation of excess capital: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Allocated to assets at risk |  | 51,149,308 |  | 20,729,624 |  | 12,957,481 |
Allocated to Bank premises and equipment, intangible assets and equity investment assets |  | 10,474,161 |  | 3,747,910 |  | 2,035,689 |
Market risk |  | 2,658,844 |  | 1,693,962 |  | 965,159 |
Public sector and securities in investment account |  | 272,202 |  | 625,570 |  | 34,489 |
Operational Risk |  | 21,891,498 |  | 8,188,453 |  | 4,805,957 |
Required minimum capital under Central Bank regulations |  | 86,446,013 |  | 34,985,519 |  | 20,798,775 |
Basic net worth |  | 264,420,324 |  | 77,619,877 |  | 42,938,440 |
Complementary net worth |  | — |  | 2,600,170 |  | 1,564,272 |
Deductions |  | (55,583,242) |  | (25,063,540) |  | (11,770,286) |
Total capital under Central Bank regulations |  | 208,837,082 |  | 55,156,507 |  | 32,732,426 |
Excess capital |  | 122,391,069 |  | 20,170,988 |  | 11,933,651 |
Credit Risk Weighted Assets | ​ | 756,569,592 | ​ | 303,351,644 | ​ | 181,430,487 | ​
Risk Weighted Assets (1) |  | 1,058,040,330 |  | 428,238,464 |  | 254,513,436 |
Selected capital and liquidity ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Regulatory capital/credit risk weighted assets | ​ | 27.6 | % | 18.2 | % | 18.4 | %
Regulatory capital/risk weighted assets |  | 19.7 | % | 12.9 | % | 12.9 | %
Average shareholders’ equity as a percentage of average total assets |  | 14.5 | % | 12.2 | % | 12.5 | %
Total liabilities as a multiple of total shareholders’ equity |  | 6.3x | ​ | 8.3x | ​ | 7.5x | ​
Cash as a percentage of total deposits |  | 14.4 | % | 8.7 | % | 11.1 | %
Liquid assets as a percentage of total deposits(3) |  | 64.1 | % | 46.0 | % | 49.2 | %
Tier 1 Capital / Risk weighted assets |  | 19.7 | % | 12.3 | % | 12.2 | %

(1) | Risk Weighted Assets includes operational risk weighted assets, market risk weighted assets, and credit risk weighted assets, Operational risk weighted assets and market risk weighted assets are calculated by multiplying their respective required minimum capital under Central Bank rules by 12.5, Credit Risk Weighted Assets is calculated by applying the respective credit risk weights to our assets, following Central Bank rules.

(2) | Nominal values without inflation adjustment.

(3) | Liquid assets include cash, securities issued by the Central Bank, and repo transactions with the Central Bank. This ratio does not consider other government securities held by the Company to set minimum reserve requirements.

As of December 31, 2023, the Bank’s total capital ratio was 19.7%, compared to 12.9% as of December 31, 2022, and the Bank’s common equity Tier 1 ratio was 19.7%, compared to 12.3% as of December 31, 2022. Including the funds held by Grupo Supervielle, which are used to fund our growth strategy, the consolidated pro-forma total capital ratio as of December 31, 2023 was 21.0% compared to 13.6% as of December 31, 2022.

Item 5. | Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

Item 5.AOperating Results

This section contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, those set forth in “Forward-looking Statements,” and “Item 3.D. Risk Factors.”

This discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements which are included elsewhere in this annual report.

135

Financial Presentation

Our audited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.

“Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies” (IAS 29) requires that the financial statements of an entity whose functional currency is one of a hyperinflationary economy be measured in terms of the current unit of measurement at the closing date of the reporting period, regardless of whether they are based on the historical cost method or the current cost method. This requirement also includes the comparative information in financial statements. Our audited consolidated financial statements are stated in the measurement unit current as of December 31, 2023.

Our segment disclosure for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is presented on a basis that corresponds with our internal reporting structure and is consistent with the manner in which our Board of Directors regularly evaluates the components of our operations in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing the performance of our business.

We measure the performance of each of our business segments primarily in terms of net income (i.e., net revenues–or financial income and service fee income, net of financial expenses and service fee expenses–after deducting loan loss provisions and administrative costs directly attributable to the segment). Net income excludes the financial expenses incurred by Grupo Supervielle at the holding level in connection with its funding arrangements (although substantially all the proceeds of such arrangements have been contributed as capital to the subsidiaries through which the segments are operated), as well as transactions between segments, which are reflected under “Adjustments.”

In 2023, we operated our business through the following segments:

| · | Personal and Business Banking: Through the Bank, we offer our customers a full range of financial products and services, including personal loans, mortgage loans, deposit accounts, purchase and sale of foreign exchange and precious metals and credit cards, among others. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the clients and financing portfolio of IUDÚ were transferred to the Bank and to our Personal & Business Banking segment. The Bank is offering the clients who were transferred from IUDÚ an omnichannel experience through which they can access the Bank’s broad assortment of financial products and services.

| · | Corporate Banking: Through the Bank, we offer large corporations and middle-market companies a full range of products, services and financial assessment including factoring, leasing, foreign trade finance and cash management.

| · | Treasury: It is primarily responsible for the allocation of the Bank’s liquidity according to the needs of the Personal and Business Banking segment, the Corporate Banking segment and its own needs. The Treasury segment implements the Bank’s financial risk management policies, manages the Bank’s trading desk, distributes treasury products such as debt securities, and develops businesses with wholesale financial and non-financial clients.

| · | Insurance: Through Supervielle Seguros, Grupo Supervielle offers insurance products, primarily personal accidents insurance, protected bag insurance, life insurance and integral insurance policies for entreprenuers and SMEs. Supervielle Seguros is continuously offering new products to the different customer segments of the companies of Grupo Supervielle: high net worth individuals (Identité), senior citizens, entrepreneurs and SMEs, customers of the Consumer Finance and Corporate Banking segments.

| · | Asset Management and Other Services: Grupo Supervielle offers a variety of other services to its customers, including mutual fund investment products through Supervielle Asset Management, brokerage and investment products and services through IOL invertironline, and non-financial products through Cordial Servicios.

The Group has applied the following amendments for the first time for their annual reporting period commencing January 1, 2023, none of which had a material impact on the Group, except for the application of IFRS 17, “Insurance Contracts”: (i) amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements, IFRS Practice Paper 2 and IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors; (ii) amendments to IAS 12 Deferred tax related to assets and liabilities arising from a single transaction; and (iii) IFRS 17 “Insurance contracts.”

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Overview

We operate in a complex economic context both nationally and internationally. In 2023, according to the IMF, the global economic recovered from the negative economic impact resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Global inflation decreased more than expected from 2022 and, as a result, the negative impact of high inflation in 2022 on employment and economic activity was less severe than expected.

In 2023 and 2022, the global economy grew by 3.1% and 3.4%, respectively, according to the IMF’s estimates, while GDP in developed countries and emerging countries increased 5.4% and 2.5%, respectively. With disinflation and steady economic growth, the likelihood of a sharp economic slowdown has receded. As a result of the tightening of monetary policies by central banks, inflation continued to decline during 2023 and in July 2023 the U.S. Federal Reserve raised the Federal Funds rate by an additional 1% to a range of 5.25 – 5.50%. Similar trends were followed by the Bank of England and the European Central Bank, resulting in a strengthening of their respective currencies.

In turn, commodities partially reversed the price rises caused by the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. However, they are still above historical levels. The price of oil, meanwhile, remains at high levels due to the greater resilience of the global economy faced with rising rates and the conflict between Israel and Hamas.

​

According to data published by the INDEC, Argentina’s GDP increased by 10.4% in 2021 and 5.2% in 2022, mainly due to the recovery of the Argentine economy from the negative impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the Argentine economy, and decreased by 1.6% in 2023 primarily due to the drought which mainly affected the agricultural production in Argentina, which decreased 20.4% compared to 2022.

​

The economic and political environment during 2023 was strongly impacted by the electoral process that culminated in the presidential runoff on November 19, 2023 and resulted in the election of Javier Milei as the President of Argentina.

On March 25, 2022, the IMF approved the execution of the IMF Agreement with Argentina for a total amount of U.S.$44 billion, which includes a disbursement of U.S.$9.6 billion. In October 2022, December 2022, April 2023 and August 2023, the IMF authorized disbursements of U.S.$3.8 billion, U.S.$6 billion, U.S.$5.4 billion and U.S.$7.5 billion, respectively, following Argentina’s completion of the targets set forth in the IMF Agreement. In addition, the IMF and the Argentine government agreed to revise the targets set forth in the IMF Agreement considering the negative impact that the drought had on the Argentine economy in 2023. On January 31, 2024, the new Argentine government and the IMF agreed to revise the targets set forth in the IMF Agreement. The target for reserve accumulation increased to U.S.$10 billion, originally set at U.S.$8.2 billion. As a result of these revisions, in January 2024, the IMF authorized an additional disbursement of approximately U.S.$4.7 billion. As of the date of this annual report, the aggregate amount of disbursements authorized by the IMF is approximately U.S.$40.6 billion.

In the current context in Argentina, in 2023 we continued to balance risk and profitability by managing the credit cycle and excess liquidity through asset and liability management. We also continued to face further pressures as a result of higher cost of funds resulting from the floor on interest rates on time deposits, caps on interest rates on credit cards and subsidized rates on mandatory credit lines to SMEs. In addition, new and existing regulations may continue to impact on fees which are charged to customers. In terms of expenses, we continued to exercise strict control on our recurring costs, although our investments made in order to accelerate our digital transformation and to improve our service across our branches resulted in certain temporary increases in our costs.

​

The Argentine Economy

Beginning in December 2001 and for most of 2002, Argentina experienced one of the most severe crises in its history which nearly left its economy at a standstill and deeply affected its financial sector. Between 2004 and 2009, the Argentine economy and the financial sector recovered considerably. Since 2009, the Argentine economy has shown increased volatility in most of the years. Macroeconomic conditions in 2020 were mainly marked by the health crisis that had a strong impact on activity levels, while in 2021 and 2022 economic activity started to recover. However, in 2023 the economic activity decreased due to the impact of the droughts which took place in Argentina in 2023.

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The table below includes certain economic indicators in Argentina for the years indicated:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023
GDP real growth (%) |  | 10.4 |  | 5.2 |  | (1.6)
Primary fiscal balance (excludes interest) (as a % of GDP) (2) |  | (2.2) | ​ | (2.4) | ​ | (2.7)
Total public debt (as a % of GDP) (3) |  | 80.6 |  | 85.2 |  | 88.4
Trade balance (in million U.S.$) |  | 14,750 |  | 6,923 |  | (6,925)
Total deposits (as a % of GDP)(1) |  | 15.0 |  | 15.5 |  | 18.3
Loans to the private sector (as a % of GDP)(1) |  | 8.4 |  | 7.3 |  | 6.7
Unemployment rate-end year- (%) |  | 7.0 | ​ | 6.3 | ​ | 5.7
Inflation in consumer prices –Dec./Dec. - CPI INDEC (%) |  | 50.9 |  | 94.8 |  | 211.4
Average nominal exchange rate (in Ps.Per U.S.$) |  | 95.16 |  | 130.81 |  | 295.62

Source: INDEC, Central Bank and City of Buenos Aires

(1)Company estimates based on Central Bank information

(2)Company estimates based on information published by the Argentine Ministry of Economy

(3)Information published by the Argentine Ministry of Economy as of June 30, 2023

​

As of December 31, 2023, the employment rate decreased to 5.7% in comparison to December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, total salaries increased 152.7% in comparison to December 31, 2022. During 2023, the trade balance accumulated a deficit of U.S.$6,925 million, compared to a surplus of U.S.$ 6,923 million in 2022, mainly as a result of the droughts which took place in Argentina in 2023 which resulted in a decrease of exports.

As of December 31, 2023, gross international reserves recorded a loss of U.S.$22,995 million and the year closed with a stock of U.S.$21,603 million.

During 2023, the dynamics of the exchange rate until the Primary, Open, Simultaneous and Mandatory Elections (PASO) was governed by a crawling peg scheme, with adjustments by the Central Bank at a rate similar to the applicable inflation rate. After the PASO, the exchange rate was devalued by 21.8%, from Ps.287 to Ps. 350, remaining at that level until November 15, 2023, when the crawling peg scheme was restored. After the taking of office of President Javier Milei and the swearing-in of the new monetary authorities, the exchange rate was devalued by 118% and a crawling peg scheme was established with a 2% depreciation per month. As of December 31, 2023, the nominal exchange rate was Ps.808.48 per U.S.$1.00, which represents a devaluation of the Peso of approximately 356% compared to 2022. In addition, the blue-chip swap rate (i.e., the difference between the quotation of Argentine shares in Pesos and in U.S. dollars) was 19% as of December 31, 2023.

In relation to the monetary and fiscal policy, the Central Bank increased the yield on the monetary policy interest rate from 75% as of December 31, 2022 to 133% as of December 18, 2023. In addition, the new government stopped tendering LELIQs, while the rate of reverse repos, which are 1-day bills, became the benchmark for monetary policy, reaching a nominal annual rate of 100% at the close of December 31, 2023. In addition, the Argentine Treasury began to issue fixed-rate bills, promoting the transfer of debt from the Central Bank. In this way, the elimination of LELIQs does not result in an increase in the monetary base, but rather in a reduction in the Central Bank’s balance sheet, both in terms of liabilities and assets.

Until the new authorities of the Central Bank took office, the monetary policy interest rate (interest rate on liquidity bills or LELIQs) increased from 75% at the close of 2022 to 133% as of December 18, 2023, an increase of 58%.

In 2023, the primary deficit without extraordinary revenues represented approximately 2.7% of the GDP, above the target of 1.9% established by the IMF, and the financial deficit was 5.9%. During 2023, the fiscal accounts were devalued due to the loss of 4.7% in revenues, mainly as a result of the significant decrease in income from withholdings as a result of the droughts which took place in Argentina in 2023. At the same time, public expenditure fell by 4.9%, mainly due to a reduction in real terms in social benefits and subsidies.

Argentina has faced and continues to face inflationary pressures. From 2011 to date, Argentina experienced increases in inflation as measured by CPI and WPI.

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According to the available public information based on data from the INDEC, CPI grew 50.9% in 2021, 94.8% in 2022 and 211.4% in 2023, and 20.6%, 13.2% and 11.0% for each of the months of January, February and March 2024, respectively.

​

During periods of high inflation, effective wages and salaries tend to fall and consumers adjust their consumption patterns to eliminate unnecessary expenses. The increase in inflationary risk may erode macroeconomic growth and further limit the availability of financing, causing a negative impact on our operations. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—If the current levels of inflation continue or increase, the Argentine economy and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.” and “Item 5.A. Operating Results—Presentation of Financial Statements in Pesos and Inflation.”

The Financial System

The financial system has been affected by the economic conditions in Argentina over the last several years. In 2023, Argentina’s GDP decreased by 1.6% mainly due to the drought that mainly affected the agricultural sector, compared to increases of 5.0% and 10.4% in 2022 and 2021, respectively, mainly due to the recovery of the Argentine economy from the negative impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the Argentine economy. Inflation in Argentina increased to 51.4% in 2021, to 94.8% in 2022 and to 211.4% in 2023. In 2023, Argentina continued to face macroeconomic and regulatory challenges. In December 2023, the new administration took office and it is adopting measures aiming at stabilizing the Argentine economy. During 2022 and 2023, the financial system in Argentina has been impacted by certain regulations such as minimum rates for time deposits, caps on interest rates on certain loans, mandatory loans and LELIQ holdings, foreign exchange market restrictions and negative real interest rates.

The solvency ratios of the financial system continued to be historically high. As of December 31, 2023, the regulatory capital adequacy ratio of the sector totaled 32.4% of the risk weighted assets (RWA), which represents a 302% excess adequacy that stipulated by applicable regulations.

Due to the contraction of the financial system in real terms in recent years, the deposit and loan to GDP ratio in the private financial system is below the average of other countries in the region and the world. The penetration both of deposits and loans continues being lower than the levels recorded before the 1999-2002 crisis. As of December 31, 2023, the deposit to GDP ratio was 18.3% and the loan to GDP ratio was 6.7% as compared to 18.7% and 7.3%, respectively, in December 2022. The total deposits from the private sector financial system increased by 171.4% in 2023, totaling Ps.51,311,996 million, 12.8% below inflation. As of December 31, 2023, deposits in Pesos recorded a 140.7% growth, or 22.7% decline in real terms, reaching Ps.38,539,577 million, U.S. dollar deposits measured in U.S. dollar totaled U.S.$15,798 million, decreasing 3.1% from 2022.

As of December 31, 2023, total private sector loans amounted to Ps.18,722,639 million, which represents an increase of 149.1% (-20.0% in real terms) compared to 2022. As of the same date, private sector loans in Pesos grew by 131.6% (25.6% below inflation) compared to 2022, reaching a credit to GDP ratio penetration of 6.7%.

The following table shows the 2014 to 2023 evolution of major financial statements items for the financial system:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023
​ | ​ | (in billons of Pesos)
Assets |  | 1,341 | ​ | 1,847 | ​ | 2,646 | ​ | 3,469 | ​ | 5,532 | ​ | 6,741 | ​ | 10,902 | ​ | 16,763 | ​ | 32,077 | ​ | 97,539
Liabilities |  | 1,172 | ​ | 1,620 | ​ | 2,348 | ​ | 3,068 | ​ | 4,921 | ​ | 5,831 | ​ | 9,210 | ​ | 14,049 | ​ | 26,256 | ​ | 75,141
Shareholders’ equity |  | 168 | ​ | 227 | ​ | 297 | ​ | 401 | ​ | 611 | ​ | 911 | ​ | 1,692 | ​ | 2,713 | ​ | 5,821 | ​ | 22,398
Loans |  | 649 | ​ | 886 | ​ | 1,137.0 | ​ | 1,691 | ​ | 2,278 | ​ | 2,724 | ​ | 3,556 | ​ | 5,093 | ​ | 8,585 | ​ | 21,501
Non-financial public sector |  | 51.47 | ​ | 75 | ​ | 52.83 | ​ | 38 | ​ | 49 | ​ | 104 | ​ | 98 | ​ | 121 | ​ | 205 | ​ | 535
Financial sector |  | 11 | ​ | 13 | ​ | 26 | ​ | 44 | ​ | 62 | ​ | 58 | ​ | 69 | ​ | 94 | ​ | 103 | ​ | 265
Non-financial private sector |  | 604 | ​ | 819 | ​ | 1,086 | ​ | 1,655 | ​ | 2,254 | ​ | 2,721 | ​ | 3,608 | ​ | 5,137 | ​ | 8,645 | ​ | 21,891
Provisions |  | (17) | ​ | (22) | ​ | (28) | ​ | (46) | ​ | (87) | ​ | (159) | ​ | (219) | ​ | (259) | ​ | (368) | ​ | (1,190)
Deposits |  | 979 | ​ | 1,355 | ​ | 1,969 | ​ | 2,446 | ​ | 4,085 | ​ | 4,839 | ​ | 8,050 | ​ | 12,345 | ​ | 23,266 | ​ | 62,796
Non-financial public sector |  | 257 | ​ | 291 | ​ | 0.44 | ​ | 0.46 | ​ | 865 | ​ | 763 | ​ | 1,442 | ​ | 2,370 | ​ | 3,740 | ​ | 9,600
Non-financial private sector |  | 721 | ​ | 1,063 | ​ | 1,522 | ​ | 1,982 | ​ | 3,207 | ​ | 4,058 | ​ | 6,579 | ​ | 9,937 | ​ | 19,457 | ​ | 52,973

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Source: Central Bank. Figures are expressed in original currency, not adjusted for inflation.

The table below shows the 2014 to 2023 evolution of the number of financial institutions in the financial system:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023
Banks |  | 65 |  | 62 |  | 63 |  | 62 |  | 63 |  | 63 |  | 64 |  | 64 |  | 63 |  | 63
Public banks |  | 12 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13
Private banks |  | 53 |  | 49 |  | 50 |  | 49 |  | 50 |  | 50 |  | 51 |  | 51 |  | 50 |  | 50
Private argentine capital banks |  | 33 |  | 32 |  | 33 |  | 33 |  | 34 |  | 34 |  | 35 |  | 35 |  | 35 |  | 35
Foreign capital domestic banks |  | 11 |  | 10 |  | 10 |  | 9 |  | 9 |  | 9 |  | 9 |  | 10 |  | 9 |  | 9
Foreign financial institution branch banks |  | 9 |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | 6 |  | 6 |  | 6
Financial companies |  | 15 |  | 15 |  | 14 |  | 14 |  | 14 |  | 15 |  | 15 |  | 15 |  | 14 |  | 14
Credit unions |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Total financial institutions |  | 81 |  | 78 |  | 78 |  | 77 |  | 78 |  | 78 |  | 79 |  | 79 |  | 77 |  | 77

Source: Central Bank. Figures are expressed in original currency, not adjusted for inflation.

The following table shows the 2006 to 2023 evolution of some key performance indicators of the financial system:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2006 |  | 2007 |  | 2008 |  | 2009 |  | 2010 |  | 2011 |  | 2012 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023
​ | ​ | (in billons of Pesos) |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-Performing Loans ratio |  | 4.5 | ​ | 3.2 | ​ | 3.1 | ​ | 3.5 | ​ | 2.1 | ​ | 1.4 | ​ | 1.7 | ​ | 1.7 | ​ | 2.0 | ​ | 1.7 | ​ | 1.8 | ​ | 1.8 | ​ | 3.1 | ​ | 5.7 | ​ | 3.9 | ​ | 4.3 | ​ | 3.1 | ​ | 3.5
NPL Coverage Ratio |  | 107.6 | ​ | 114.4 | ​ | 116.4 | ​ | 111.8 | ​ | 142.8 | ​ | 171.2 | ​ | 141.0 | ​ | 147.8 | ​ | 139.7 | ​ | 148.4 | ​ | 130.9 | ​ | 138.8 | ​ | 120.6 | ​ | 98.5 | ​ | 151.1 | ​ | 114.0 | ​ | 128.0 | ​ | 140.0
ROAA Private Banks |  | 2.2 | ​ | 1.6 | ​ | 1.9 | ​ | 3.0 | ​ | 3.2 | ​ | 3.0 | ​ | 3.2 | ​ | 3.7 | ​ | 4.3 | ​ | 4.1 | ​ | 3.7 | ​ | 3.2 | ​ | 4.2 | ​ | 7.3 | ​ | 2.7 | ​ | 1.4 | ​ | 1.7 | ​ | 4.8
ROAA Financial System |  | 1.9 | ​ | 1.5 | ​ | 1.6 | ​ | 2.3 | ​ | 2.8 | ​ | 2.7 | ​ | 2.9 | ​ | 3.4 | ​ | 4.1 | ​ | 4.1 | ​ | 3.6 | ​ | 2.7 | ​ | 4.1 | ​ | 5.1 | ​ | 2.4 | ​ | 1.1 | ​ | 2.0 | ​ | 5.4
ROAE Private Banks |  | 15.3 | ​ | 10.9 | ​ | 15.2 | ​ | 22.9 | ​ | 24.5 | ​ | 25.6 | ​ | 26.4 | ​ | 29.1 | ​ | 32.1 | ​ | 31.2 | ​ | 29.4 | ​ | 26.6 | ​ | 35.6 | ​ | 59.2 | ​ | 16.6 | ​ | 8.1 | ​ | 9.3 | ​ | 23.6
ROAE Financial System |  | 14.3 | ​ | 11.0 | ​ | 13.4 | ​ | 19.2 | ​ | 22.6 | ​ | 25.3 | ​ | 25.7 | ​ | 29.5 | ​ | 32.7 | ​ | 32.4 | ​ | 29.6 | ​ | 23.4 | ​ | 36.1 | ​ | 44.4 | ​ | 16.4 | ​ | 7.3 | ​ | 11.4 | ​ | 27.6

​

Source: Central Bank

NPL and NPL Coverage: Central Bank. Figures are expressed following Argentine Banking GAAP. Until December 31, 2019 did not apply IFRS 9 provisions. Figures are expressed in original currency and not adjusted for inflation. 2020 information was impacted by: (i) the relief program ruled by the Central Bank amid the pandemic which allowed debtors to reschedule their loan payments originally maturing between April 2020 and March 2021, together with the automatic rescheduling of unpaid credit card balances due April and September 2020; and (ii) the Central Bank regulatory easing on debtor classifications amid the pandemic (adding a 60-days grace period before loans are classified as non-performing) and the suspension of mandatory reclassification of customers that are non-performing with other banks, but performing with Supervielle introduced in 1Q20 and extended until June 30, 2021.

ROAA and ROAE: Central Bank. Figures are expressed following Argentine Banking GAAP. Until December 31, 2019 did not apply IFRS 9 provisions. Figures are expressed in original currency and not adjusted for inflation. Since January 2020, Central Bank figures are expressed applying hyperinflation accounting

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The following tables show market share of Argentine banks in terms of loans and deposits (calculated with balance at the end of the reporting period) as of December 31, 2023 according to the Central Bank:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Market Share of Loans |  | December 31, 2023 |
BANCO DE LA NACION ARGENTINA S.A. |  | 17.2 | %
BANCO SANTANDER ARGENTINA S.A. |  | 11.6 | %
BANCO DE GALICIA Y BUENOS AIRES S.A.U. |  | 10.1 | %
BANCO DE LA PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES |  | 9.5 | %
BANCO BBVA ARGENTINA S.A. |  | 8.6 | %
BANCO MACRO S.A. |  | 7.1 | %
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL BANK OF CHINA (ARGENTINA) S.A.U. |  | 4.1 | %
HSBC BANK ARGENTINA S.A. |  | 3.4 | %
BANCO DE LA CIUDAD DE BUENOS AIRES |  | 3.1 | %
BANCO PATAGONIA S.A. |  | 3.0 | %
BANCO DE LA PROVINCIA DE CORDOBA S.A. |  | 2.6 | %
BANCO SUPERVIELLE S.A. |  | 2.1 | %
BANCO CREDICOOP COOPERATIVO LIMITADO |  | 2.0 | %
NUEVO BANCO DE SANTA FE SOCIEDAD ANONIMA |  | 1.9 | %
CITIBANK N.A. |  | 1.8 | %

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Market Share of Deposits |  | December 31, 2022 |
BANCO DE LA NACION ARGENTINA S.A. |  | 21.8 | %
BANCO DE LA PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES |  | 10.9 | %
BANCO SANTANDER ARGENTINA S.A. |  | 9.6 | %
BANCO DE GALICIA Y BUENOS AIRES S.A.U. |  | 8.8 | %
BANCO BBVA ARGENTINA S.A. |  | 5.8 | %
BANCO MACRO S.A. |  | 4.4 | %
BANCO DE LA CIUDAD DE BUENOS AIRES |  | 4.1 | %
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL BANK OF CHINA (ARGENTINA) S.A.U. |  | 3.8 | %
BANCO CREDICOOP COOPERATIVO LIMITADO |  | 3.1 | %
HSBC BANK ARGENTINA S.A. |  | 3.1 | %
BANCO PATAGONIA S.A. |  | 3.0 | %
BANCO SUPERVIELLE S.A. |  | 2.5 | %
BANCO DE LA PROVINCIA DE CORDOBA S.A. |  | 2.2 | %
CITIBANK N.A. |  | 1.9 | %
BANCO COMAFI SOCIEDAD ANONIMA |  | 1.7 | %

​

With respect to the distribution network, as of December 31, 2023, the financial system had 4,414 branches, 8,340 self-service terminals and 18,547 ATMs, with coverage throughout Argentina.

Presentation of Financial Statements in Pesos and Inflation

Argentina has faced and continues to face inflationary pressures. From 2011 to date, Argentina experienced increases in inflation as measured by CPI and WPI.

On January 8, 2016, based on its determination that the INDEC had failed to produce reliable statistical information, particularly with respect to CPI, GDP and foreign trade data, as well as poverty and unemployment rates, former President Macri declared a state of administrative emergency for the national statistical system and the INDEC until December 31, 2016. The INDEC suspended publication of certain statistical data pending reorganization of its technical and administrative structure to recover its ability to produce reliable statistical information. The INDEC published official CPI figures published by the City of Buenos Aires and the Province of San Luis for reference for the first four months of 2016. In June 2016, the INDEC began publishing an official inflation rate using its new methodology for calculating the CPI.

According to the available public information based on data from the City of Buenos Aires, CPI increased 38.0% in 2014, 26.9% in 2015, 41.0% in 2016, and 26.1% in 2017, while according to the data of the Province of San Luis, CPI grew 31.9% in 2013, 39.0% in 2014, 31.6% in 2015, 31.4% in 2016, and 24.3% in 2017.

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On July 11, 2017, the INDEC started to publish a national CPI (the “National CPI”). The National CPI is based on a survey conducted by INDEC and several provincial statistical offices in 39 urban areas encompassing each of the Republic’s provinces. Results are not reported by the provinces, but on a national level and for six statistical regions: the Greater Buenos Aires Metropolitan area (which is the CPI that resumed publication in June 2016), the Cuyo region, the Northeast region, the Northwest region, the Central (Pampeana) Region and the Southern (Patagonia) region. For the period of January 1, 2023 to December 2023, accumulated inflation using the National CPI was 211.4% compared to 94.8% for 2022, and 50.9% for 2021. In the past, the Argentine government has implemented programs to control inflation and monitor prices for essential goods and services, including attempts to freeze the price of certain supermarket products, and price support arrangements agreed between the Argentine government and private sector companies in several industries and markets that did not address the structural causes of inflation and failed to reduce inflation. Adjustments approved by the Argentine government in electricity and gas tariffs, as well as the increase in the price of gasoline have been passed through to prices, creating additional inflationary pressures.

The National CPI is prepared in accordance with current international standards and classifies individual consumption by purpose, previously used in the preparation of the former CPI. The adoption of the National CPI brings Argentina’s statistical practice in line with the OECD guidelines as well as the methodology followed by the statistical divisions of several international organizations, including the United Nations, World Bank, IMF, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Inter-American Development Bank. During 2023, the headline inflation index (measured through the Consumer Price Index) increased by 211.4%, the highest increase since 1990 and core inflation (which excludes the effect of regulated and seasonal goods prices) increased by 229.4%.

During periods of high inflation, effective wages and salaries tend to fall and consumers adjust their consumption patterns to eliminate unnecessary expenses. The increase in inflationary risk may erode macroeconomic growth and further limit the availability of financing, causing a negative impact on our operations. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—If the current levels of inflation continue or increase, the Argentine economy and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.” and “Item 5.A. Operating Results—Presentation of Financial Statements in Pesos and Inflation.”

IAS 29 requires that financial statements of any entity whose functional currency is the currency of a hyperinflationary economy, be stated in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period. IAS 29 does not establish an inflation rate beyond which an economy is deemed to be experiencing hyperinflation. However, hyperinflation is commonly understood to occur when changes in price levels are close to or exceed 100% on a cumulative basis over the last three years, along with other several macroeconomic-related qualitative factors. Following this criteria, Argentine economy is considered hyperinflationary according to IAS 29 starting July 1, 2018. As a result, financial statements for the year ended on December 31, 2023 have been stated in terms of the measuring unit current at the consolidated financial statement date.

The following table shows the rate of inflation, as measured by the variations in the WPI and the CPI, according to INDEC and the evolution of the reference stabilization coefficient (“CER,” per its Spanish acronym) index and UVA used to adjust the principal of certain of our assets and liabilities, for the periods indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, |
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |
​ |  | (in percentages) | ​
Price Indices:(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
WPI |  | 276.4 | % | 94.8 | % | 51.3 | %
CPI |  | 211.4 | % | 94.8 | % | 50.9 | %
Adjustment Index: |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |
CER |  | 149.67 | % | 90.20 | % | 51.57 | %
UVA(2) |  | 150.05 | % | 90.05 | % | 51.60 | %

(1)Source: INDEC, Central Bank

(2)UVAs are inflation adjusted units introduced in September 2016.

142

Currency Composition of our Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table sets forth our assets and liabilities denominated in Pesos, in Pesos adjusted by the CER and in foreign currency, at the dates indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
In Pesos, unadjusted |  | 1,705,014,712 |  | 1,865,299,780 |  | 2,016,019,721
In Pesos, adjusted by the CER |  | 56,526,925 |  | 79,634,436 |  | 89,258,751
In Foreign Currency(1) |  | 296,466,364 |  | 221,054,974 |  | 262,909,735
Total Assets |  | 2,058,008,001 |  | 2,165,989,190 |  | 2,368,188,207
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
In Pesos, unadjusted, including Shareholders’ Equity |  | 1,792,431,508 |  | 1,964,928,482 |  | 2,113,275,446
In Pesos, Adjusted by the CER |  | 6,076,874 |  | 7,655,132 |  | 26,837,357
In Foreign Currency(1) |  | 259,499,619 |  | 193,405,576 |  | 228,075,404
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  | 2,058,008,001 |  | 2,165,989,190 |  | 2,368,188,207

(1) | Converted into Pesos based on the reference exchange rates reported by the Central Bank for December 31, 2023 (U.S.$1.00 to Ps.808.48), December 31, 2022 (U.S.$1.00 to Ps.177.13) and December 31, 2021 (U.S.$1.00 to Ps.102.75).

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

We discuss below our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared with our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022. We expressly state that our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared with our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 are hereby incorporated by reference to

143

“Item 5.A. Operating Results” of the Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed by us with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under the file number 001-37777.

Selected Ratios

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
SELECTED RATIOS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Return (loss) on average equity (1) |  | 16.8 | % | (5.2) | % | (3.3) | %
Return (loss) on average assets (2) |  | 2.5 | % | (0.7) | % | (0.4) | %
Net Interest Margin (3) |  | 31.5 | % | 19.6 | % | 17.3 | %
Net Fee Income Ratio (4) |  | 14.5 | % | 18.3 | % | 20.7 | %
Efficiency Ratio (5) |  | 54.7 | % | 79.9 | % | 74.7 | %
Cost/assets (6) |  | 13.5 | % | 13.0 | % | 11.3 | %
Basic earnings per share (Ps.) (7) |  | 116.6 |  | (34.5) |  | (23.0) |
Diluted earnings per share (Ps.) |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A |
Basic earnings (losses) per share (in US$) (8) |  | 0.1 |  | (0.0) |  | (0.0) |
Diluted (losses) per share (in U.S.$.) (8) |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A |
Liquidity and Capital |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |
Loans to Total Deposits (9) |  | 32.3 | % | 45.0 | % | 57.4 | %
Total Equity / Total Assets |  | 16.6 | % | 13.3 | % | 13.2 | %
Pro forma Consolidated Capital / Risk weighted assets (10) |  | 21.0 | % | 13.6 | % | 13.3 | %
Pro forma Consolidated Tier1 Capital / Risk weighted assets (10) |  | 21.0 | % | 13.0 | % | 12.7 | %
LCR Pro forma(10) |  | 112.6 | % | 103.5 | % | 109.6 | %
Risk Weighted Assets/Assets (10) |  | 51.3 | % | 61.4 | % | 65.2 | %
Asset Quality |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |
Non-performing loans as a percentage of Total Loans |  | 1.2 | % | 3.7 | % | 4.3 | %
Allowances as a percentage of Total Loans |  | 3.5 | % | 5.0 | % | 6.1 | %
Cost of risk (11) |  | 5.9 | % | 5.6 | % | 5.3 | %
Cost of risk, net (12) |  | 5.0 | % | 4.5 | % | 4.6 | %
Coverage Ratio(13) |  | 291.6 | % | 142.7 | % | 145.0 | %
Other Data |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |
Dividends paid to ordinary shares (Ps.thousands) |  | — |  | 1,531,690 |  | 3,122,242 |
Dividends per common share (Ps.) |  | — |  | 3.4 |  | 6.8 |

(1) | Attributable comprehensive income divided by average shareholders’ equity, calculated on a daily basis and measured in local currency.

(2) | Attributable Comprehensive Income divided by average assets, calculated on a daily basis and measured in local currency.

(3) | Net interest income + Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss + Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost + Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency, divided by average interest-earning assets.

(4) | Net services fee income + Income from insurance activities divided by the sum of Net interest income + Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss + Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost + Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency, net Services fee income, Income from insurance activities , etc.

(5) | Personnel, Administrative expenses and Depreciation & Amortization divided by the sum of Net interest income + Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss + Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost + Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency, net Services fee income, Income from insurance activities and Other net operating income.

(6) | Administration expenses divided by average assets, calculated on a daily basis.

(7) | Basic earnings per share (in Pesos) are based upon the weighted average of Grupo Supervielle’s outstanding shares, which were 442,727,459 for the year ended December 31, 2023, 454,274,443 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 456,722,322 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

(8) | Peso amounts have been translated into U.S. dollars at the reference exchange rate reported by the Central Bank as of December 31, 2023 which was Ps.808.48 to U.S.$1.00.

(9) | Loans and Leasing before allowances divided by total deposits.

144

(10) | For the calculation of these line items, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Banking Regulation and Supervision.” Proforma ratios include the liquidity retained at the holding company (Grupo Supervielle) level, which are available for future capital injections to our subsidiaries).

(11) | Loan loss provisions divided by total financing (Loans, Leasing, and off-balance guarantees granted to corporate customers as guaranteed SMEs bonds, “Pagares Bursatiles” and foreign trade transactions as of end of the reported period.

(12) | Loan loss provisions including recovered loan loss provisions divided by total financing (Loans, Leasing, and off-balance guarantees granted to corporate customers as guaranteed SMEs bonds, “Pagares Bursatiles” and foreign trade transactions as of end of the reported period).

(13) | Allowances for loan losses divided by non-performing loans.

Attributable Comprehensive Income and Attributable Net Income

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Change |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | December | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, | ​ | 31, | ​
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2023/2022 |
​ |  | Ps. |  | Ps. |  | % | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Consolidated Income Statement Data | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |
Interest income | ​ | 1,157,697,255 | ​ | 784,354,347 | ​ | 47.6 | %
Interest expenses |  | (825,494,087) |  | (515,399,394) |  | 60.2 | %
Net interest income |  | 332,203,168 |  | 268,954,953 |  | 23.5 | %
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss |  | 138,081,046 |  | 56,821,678 |  | 143.0 | %
Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost |  | 16,857,100 |  | 1,531,618 |  | 1,000.6 | %
Exchange rate difference on gold and foreign currency |  | 5,800,908 |  | 8,541,784 |  | (32.1) | %
NIFFI and Exchange Rate Differences |  | 160,739,054 |  | 66,895,080 |  | 140.3 | %
Net Financial Income |  | 492,942,222 |  | 335,850,033 |  | 46.8 | %
Commissions income |  | 93,125,252 |  | 94,478,177 |  | (1.4) | %
Commissions expense |  | (24,176,077) |  | (33,392,724) |  | (27.6) | %
Income from insurance activities |  | 14,431,313 |  | 14,104,154 |  | 2.3 | %
Net Service Fee Income |  | 83,380,488 |  | 75,189,607 |  | 10.9 | %
Sub Total |  | 576,322,710 |  | 411,039,640 |  | 40.2 | %
Other operating income |  | 23,688,747 |  | 32,671,074 |  | (27.5) | %
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the currency |  | (108,923,511) |  | (55,271,939) |  | 97.1 | %
Loan loss provisions |  | (33,640,071) |  | (44,129,627) |  | (23.8) | %
Net Operating Revenue |  | 457,447,875 |  | 344,309,148 |  | 32.9 | %
Personnel expenses |  | (160,395,452) |  | (167,825,508) |  | (4.4) | %
Administration expenses |  | (84,438,694) |  | (88,946,808) |  | (5.1) | %
Depreciations and impairment of premises and equipment |  | (31,931,273) |  | (31,447,803) |  | 1.5 | %
Other operating expenses |  | (94,289,712) |  | (82,925,021) |  | 13.7 | %
Operating income |  | 86,392,744 |  | (26,835,992) |  | (421.9) | %
Results before taxes from continuing operations |  | 86,392,744 |  | (26,835,992) |  | (421.9) | %
Income tax |  | (34,734,935) |  | 11,164,078 |  | (411.1) | %
Net (loss) / income for the year |  | 51,657,809 |  | (15,671,914) |  | (429.6) | %
Net (loss) / income for the year attributable to parent company |  | 51,615,837 |  | (15,654,911) |  | (429.7) | %
Net (loss) / income for the year attributable to non-controlling interest |  | 41,972 |  | (17,003) |  | (346.9) | %
Total Other Comprehensive (loss) / income |  | 3,308,098 |  | (3,615,999) |  | (191.5) | %
Other comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to parent company |  | 3,304,317 |  | (3,612,173) |  | (191.5) | %
Other comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | 3,781 |  | (3,826) |  | (198.8) | %
Total Comprehensive (loss) / income |  | 54,965,907 |  | (19,287,913) |  | (385.0) | %
Total comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to parent company |  | 54,920,154 |  | (19,267,084) |  | (385.0) | %
Total comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | 45,753 |  | (20,829) |  | (319.7) | %
Return on Average Shareholders’ Equity |  | 16.8 | % | (5.2) | % |  | ​
Return on Average Assets |  | 2.5 | % | (0.7) | % |  | ​

​

145

Attributable net income in 2023 amounted to a Ps.51.6 billion gain, as compared to a Ps.15.7 billion loss in 2022. Net Income for the year reflects the successful execution of the Company’s strategic plan implemented in 2022 and 2023 to optimize operations, consolidate businesses, grow in profitable products and increase cross-sell. The main factors explaining the increase in net income were (i) a higher yield on larger investment portfolio volumes, (ii) a higher loan portfolio yield due to the increase of interest rates by the Central Bank in 2023, (iii) a decrease in administrative and personnel expenses as a result of strategic measures adopted in 2022 and 2023 to consolidate the Company’s businesses, (iv) an increase in fees mainly as a result of higher fees associated with the brokerage business of IOL and asset management, and greater efficiencies in credit card processing costs, and (v) a decrease in Loan loss provisions mainly as a result of the shift in loans to middle-market corporates and payroll customers along with significantly lower exposure to consumer loans. This was partially offset by: (i) higher losses in the Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the currency due to the impact of the increase in inflation rate in Argentina in 2023 that affected a higher net monetary assets balance, and (ii) an increase in other net operating expenses mainly as a result of the annual revaluation of fixed assets to reflect market value at year-end and other provisions for strategic initiatives in different business units.

In 2023, ROAA and ROAE were 2.5% and 16.8%, respectively, as compared to (0.7)% and (5.2)%, respectively, in 2022.

In 2023, attributable comprehensive income amounted to a Ps.54.9 billion gain, compared to a Ps.19.3 billion loss in 2022, mainly as a result of: (i) a 46.8% or Ps. 157.1 billion increase in net financial income to Ps. 492.9 billion compared to Ps. 335.9 billion in 2022 due to higher yield and volume on investment portfolio and loan portfolio repricing while low credit demand from the private sector remained at historical lows, further impacted by inflation of 211.4% in 2022, (ii) a 4.0% or Ps. 11.5 billion decrease in personnel administrative and depreciations and amortizations, reflecting structural cost efficiencies, (iii) a 10.8% or Ps. 8.2 billion increase in net service fee income to Ps. 83.3 billion from Ps. 75.2 billion in 2022 reflecting higher fees from the brokerage business at IOL and asset management and greater efficiencies in credit card processing costs, and (iv) a 23.8% or Ps. 10.5 billion decrease in Loan Loss provisions reflecting improved credit quality on stringent credit scoring criteria and mix-shift in loan portfolio. These were partially offset by: (i) a Ps.53.6 billion increase in the loss from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the currency to Ps.108.9 billion in 2023, compared to Ps.55.3 billion in 2022, (ii) a 40.5% or Ps. 20.4 billion increase in Other net operating losses reflecting the annual revaluation of fixed assets to reflect market value at year-end and other provisions for strategic initiatives in different business units and (iii) a Ps. 34.7 billion charge in income tax compared to a gain of Ps. 11.2 billion in 2022.

Net Financial Income

Net financial income in 2023 amounted to Ps.492.9 billion and net interest margin (“NIM”) was 31.5%, compared to Ps.335.9 billion and 19.6%, respectively, in 2022. This increase was mainly explained by: (i) a higher yield and volume on investment portfolio and (ii) loan portfolio repricing while low credit demand from the private sector remained at historical lows. These were partially offset by (i) a 35.3% increase in cost of funds derived from the impact of regulatory minimum rates on time deposits, and (ii) the increase in market interest rates.

NIM increased to 31.5% from 19.6% mainly as a result of the increase in net financial income resulting from higher spreads on government securities and loans, and assets and liability management strategy. This increase was partially offset by (i) a 35.3% increase in cost of funds due to the increase of interest rates by the Central Bank, and (ii) a 23.1% decrease in average volumes resulting from weak credit demand.

The following table sets forth a breakdown of our net interest income, and net income from financial institutions (“NIFFI”), result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost and exchange rate differences as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, | ​
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
​ | ​ | $ | ​ | $ | ​ | % | ​
Net Interest Income |  | 332,203,168 |  | 268,954,953 |  | 23.5 | %
NIFFI, Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost and Exchange Rate differences |  | 160,739,054 |  | 66,895,080 |  | 140.3 | %
Total |  | 492,942,222 |  | 335,850,033 |  | 46.8 | %

​

146

NIM by currency

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, | ​
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |
​ |  | (in percentages)
Net Interest Margin Breakdown |  |  |  |  | ​
Total NIM |  | 31.5 | % | 19.6 | %
Ps.NIM |  | 26.1 | % | 19.1 | %
U.S.$NIM |  | 98.7 | % | 26.8 | %
Loan Portfolio NIM |  | 15.8 | % | 16.3 | %
Ps.NIM |  | 16.5 | % | 17.4 | %
U.S.$NIM |  | 7.2 | % | 5.6 | %
Investment Portfolio NIM |  | 46.4 | % | 21.6 | %
Ps.NIM |  | 36.1 | % | 20.8 | %
U.S.$NIM |  | 134.5 | % | 37.5 | %

​

NIM includes the exchange rate differences and net gains or losses from currency derivatives.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income in 2023 totaled Ps.332.2 billion, a 23.5% increase from the Ps.269.0 billion recorded in 2022, mainly due to (i) a higher result from securities of the treasury position measured at fair value through other comprehensive income and at amortized cost, (ii) an increase of 73.2%, or Ps. 272.0 billion, in income from Central Bank securities and repo transactions as a result of a 35.0% increase in the yield of those securities and a 4.0% increase in the average balance of those assets, and (iii) an increase of 13.3%, or Ps.48.4 billion, in income from loans mainly explained by a 22.6% increase in interest earned while volumes declined 24.1% mainly as a result of weak credit demand in the context of the increase of inflation in Argentina in 2023. These were partially offset by an increase of 3,530 basis points in cost of funds derived from the impact of regulatory minimum rates on time deposit.

Interest Income

Interest income in 2023 totaled Ps.1,157.7 billion, a 47.6% increase from the Ps.784.4 billion recorded in 2022, primarily due to (i) a higher result from securities of the treasury position measured at fair value through other comprehensive income and at amortized cost, (ii) an increase of 73.2%, or Ps. 272.0 billion, in income from Central Bank securities and repo transactions as a result of an increase of 3,504 basis point in the yield of those securities and a 4.0% increase in the average balance of those assets, and (iii) an increase of 13.3%, or Ps.48.4 billion, in income from loans mainly explained by an increase of 2,260 basis points in interest earned while volumes declined 24.1% mainly as a result of by weak credit demand in the context of the increase of inflation in Argentina in 2023.

147

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, our interest income was comprised of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, | ​
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023/2022 |
​ |  | Ps. |  | Ps. |  | % | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Interest on overdrafts |  | 44,410,794 |  | 23,471,096 |  | 89.2 | %
Interest on promissory notes |  | 67,470,691 |  | 64,028,835 |  | 5.4 | %
Interest on personal loans |  | 66,454,064 |  | 92,146,481 |  | (27.9) | %
Interest on corporate unsecured loans |  | 96,127,460 |  | 50,712,155 |  | 89.6 | %
Interest on credit cards loans |  | 42,005,274 |  | 45,870,806 |  | (8.4) | %
Interest on mortgage loans |  | 62,359,572 |  | 56,407,739 |  | 10.6 | %
Interest on automobile and other secured loans |  | 12,574,777 |  | 13,122,573 |  | (4.2) | %
Interest on foreign trade loans |  | 3,180,062 |  | 4,010,233 |  | (20.7) | %
Interest on leases |  | 17,868,411 |  | 14,262,772 |  | 25.3 | %
Interest on government and corporate securities measured at amortized cost |  | 567,893,807 |  | 387,019,350 |  | 46.7 | %
Other* |  | 177,352,343 |  | 33,302,307 |  | 432.6 | %
Total |  | 1,157,697,255 |  | 784,354,347 |  | 47.6 | %

​

* Includes results from securities issued by the Central Bank, results from other securities recorded as available for sale and results from repo transactions with the Central Bank.

​

The following table sets forth our yields on interest-earning assets:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, | ​
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average |
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Nominal |
​ |  | Balance |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Rate |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Interest-Earning Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Investment Portfolio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Government and Corporate Securities |  | 228,307,670 |  | 90.1 | % | 213,597,053 |  | 46.8 | %
Securities Issued by the Central Bank |  | 454,651,402 |  | 92.5 | % | 635,888,704 |  | 53.3 | %
Total Investment Portfolio |  | 682,959,072 |  | 91.7 | % | 849,485,757 |  | 51.6 | %
Loans |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |
Loans to the Financial Sector |  | 2,423,357 |  | 53.5 | % | 629,394 |  | 42.4 | %
Overdrafts |  | 47,376,656 |  | 93.7 | % | 39,986,427 |  | 58.7 | %
Promissory Notes |  | 88,661,948 |  | 76.1 | % | 136,285,752 |  | 47.0 | %
Mortgage loans |  | 70,185,435 |  | 88.8 | % | 78,972,720 |  | 71.4 | %
Automobile and Other Secured Loans |  | 20,589,065 |  | 61.1 | % | 24,428,584 |  | 53.7 | %
Personal Loans |  | 80,141,775 |  | 82.9 | % | 139,004,401 |  | 66.3 | %
Corporate Unsecured Loans |  | 124,706,925 |  | 77.1 | % | 120,912,394 |  | 41.9 | %
Credit Card Loans |  | 104,462,883 |  | 40.2 | % | 161,831,667 |  | 28.3 | %
Receivables from Financial Leases |  | 28,417,785 |  | 62.9 | % | 35,301,661 |  | 40.4 | %
Total Loans excl. Foreign trade and U.S.$.loans |  | 566,965,829 |  | 72.4 | % | 737,353,000 |  | 48.9 | %
Foreign Trade Loans and U.S.$.loans |  | 39,330,529 |  | 8.1 | % | 61,270,504 |  | 6.5 | %
Total Loans |  | 606,296,358 |  | 68.2 | % | 798,623,504 |  | 45.6 | %
Repo transactions |  | 277,323,918 |  | 80.4 | % | 66,715,957 |  | 49.5 | %
Total Interest-Earning Assets |  | 1,566,579,348 |  | 80.6 | % | 1,714,825,218 |  | 48.7 | %

​

The average balance of loans excluding foreign trade loans and U.S. dollars loans totaled Ps.567.0 billion in 2023, representing a 23.1% decrease from Ps.737.4 billion in 2022. This decrease in the average balance of our total loan portfolio (excluding foreign trade loans and U.S. dollar loans) is mainly explained by the following changes in average balance portfolio: (i) a 42.3% or Ps.58.9 billion decrease in personal loans, (ii) a 35.4% or Ps. 57.4 billion decrease in credit cards and (iii) a 34.9% or Ps. 47.6 billion decrease in promissory notes. These were partially offset by a 18.5% or Ps. 7.4 billion increase in overdrafts.

148

Interest on public and corporate securities measured at amortized cost amounted to Ps.567.9 billion in 2023 compared to Ps. 387.0 billion in 2022. This line item mainly reflects results from investments in securities held to maturity or available for sale.

The average interest rate on total loans (excluding foreign trade loans and U.S. dollar loans) decreased to 72.4% in 2023 from 48.9% in 2022. Average BADLAR increased 4,250 basis points in 2023 to 95.8% compared to 53.3% in 2022.

Interest Expenses

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, our Interest expenses were comprised of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, | ​
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023/2022 |
​ |  | Ps. |  | Ps. |  | % |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Interest on current accounts deposits |  | 374,828,604 |  | 211,185,911 |  | 77.5 | %
Interest on time deposits |  | 439,013,593 |  | 295,156,581 |  | 48.7 | %
Interest on other financial liabilities |  | 3,621,357 |  | 3,968,644 |  | (8.8) | %
Interest from financing sector |  | 2,772,705 |  | 3,356,878 |  | (17.4) | %
Other |  | 5,257,828 |  | 1,731,380 |  | 203.7 | %
Total |  | 825,494,087 |  | 515,399,394 |  | 60.2 | %

​

Interest expenses for 2023 totaled Ps.825.5 billion, a 60.2% increase from Ps.515.4 billion for 2022. This increase was due to an increase of 3,330 basis points in the average rate of interest bearing liabilities rate, mainly due to the increase in regulated interest rates on time deposits while the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities decreased 9.6%. In 2023, non-interest bearing deposits amounted to Ps 423.1 billion decreasing 14.7% or Ps.72.9 billion from Ps.496.0 billion in 2022. Cost of funds increased 24.5% basis points to 55.2% in 2023 from 30.7% in 2022.

The following table sets forth our yields on interest-bearing liabilities and low and non-interest bearing deposits as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, | ​
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average |
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Nominal |
​ |  | Balance |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Rate |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Interest-Bearing Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Special Checking Accounts |  | 535,525,590 |  | 70.0 | % | 549,638,508 |  | 38.4 | %
Ps. Savings Accounts |  | 470,487,902 |  | 79.6 | % | 490,110,056 |  | 43.1 | %
Fx Savings Accounts |  | 65,037,688 |  | 0.2 | % | 59,528,452 |  | 0.3 | %
Time Deposits |  | 518,912,586 |  | 84.6 | % | 610,457,165 |  | 48.4 | %
Ps. Time Deposits |  | 504,637,536 |  | 87.0 | % | 590,957,540 |  | 49.9 | %
Fx Time Deposits |  | 14,275,050 |  | 0.4 | % | 19,499,625 |  | 0.4 | %
Borrowings from Other Financial Instruments and Unsubordinated Negotiable Obligations |  | 12,415,673 |  | 51.5 | % | 19,537,112 |  | 37.5 | %
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities |  | 1,066,853,849 |  | 76.9 | % | 1,179,632,785 |  | 43.5 | %
Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Savings Accounts |  | 226,456,428 |  | 0.9 | % | 279,490,891 |  | 0.4 | %
Ps. Savings Accounts |  | 156,859,024 |  | 1.2 | % | 210,705,156 |  | 0.5 | %
Fx Savings Accounts |  | 69,597,404 |  | 0.0 | % | 68,785,735 |  | 0.0 | %
Checking Accounts |  | 196,653,142 |  | ​ |  | 216,518,510 |  | ​ |
Ps. Checking Accounts |  | 187,862,214 |  | — | % | 207,178,834 |  | — | %
Fx Checking Accounts |  | 8,790,928 |  | — | % | 9,339,676 |  | — | %
Total Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits |  | 423,109,570 |  | — | % | 496,009,401 |  | — | %
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities and Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits |  | 1,489,963,419 |  | 55.2 | % | 1,675,642,186 |  | 30.7 | %

​

​

149

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Average balance of our interest-bearing liabilities in 2023 totaled Ps.1,066.9 billion, compared to Ps.1,179.6 billion in 2022. The Ps.112.8 billion decrease was explained by: (i) a 15.0% decrease to Ps.518.9 billion in the average balance of time deposits, (ii) a 2.6% or Ps. 14.1 billion decrease of interest-bearing special checking accounts from Ps.549.6 billion in 2022 to Ps. 535.5 billion in 2023, and (iii) a 36.5% or Ps.7.1 billion decrease in the average balance of our borrowings from other financial institutions.

Average balance of our low or non-interest-bearing deposits in 2023 totaled Ps.423.1 billion, compared to Ps.496.0 billion in 2022. This decrease was mainly due to (i) a 19.0% or Ps.53.0 billion decrease in average balance of our savings accounts and (ii) a 9.2% or Ps. 19.9 billion decrease in the average balance of checking accounts.

​

The following table sets forth our interest bearing deposits by denomination as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, | ​
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 |
​ |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Paid |  | Average Nominal Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Paid |  | Average Nominal Rate |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Savings accounts | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pesos |  | 156,859,024 |  | 1,908,702 |  | 1.2 | % | 210,705,156 |  | 1,079,264 |  | 0.5 | %
Dollars |  | 69,597,404 |  | 17,095 |  | 0.0 | % | 68,785,734 |  | 17,884 |  | 0.0 | %
Total |  | 226,456,428 |  | 1,925,797 |  | 0.9 | % | 279,490,890 |  | 1,097,148 |  | 0.4 | %
Special checking accounts |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 470,487,902 |  | 374,674,049 |  | 79.6 | % | 490,110,056 |  | 211,032,372 |  | 43.1 | %
Dollars |  | 65,037,688 |  | 154,555 |  | 0.2 | % | 59,528,452 |  | 153,540 |  | 0.3 | %
Total |  | 535,525,590 |  | 374,828,604 |  | 70.0 | % | 549,638,508 |  | 211,185,912 |  | 38.4 | %
Time deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 504,637,536 |  | 438,950,685 |  | 87.0 | % | 590,957,540 |  | 295,082,101 |  | 49.9 | %
Dollars |  | 14,275,050 |  | 62,908 |  | 0.4 | % | 19,499,625 |  | 74,479 |  | 0.4 | %
Total |  | 518,912,586 |  | 439,013,593 |  | 84.6 | % | 610,457,165 |  | 295,156,580 |  | 48.4 | %
Total by currency |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 1,131,984,462 |  | 815,533,436 |  | 72.0 | % | 1,291,772,752 |  | 507,193,737 |  | 39.3 | %
Dollars |  | 148,910,142 |  | 234,558 |  | 0.2 | % | 147,813,811 |  | 245,903 |  | 0.2 | %
Total Deposits |  | 1,280,894,604 |  | 815,767,994 |  | 63.7 | % | 1,439,586,563 |  | 507,439,640 |  | 35.2 | %

​

Net Income from financial instruments and Result from recognition of assets measured at amortized cost and Exchange rate differences

Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss, result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost and exchange rate differences for 2023 totaled Ps.160.7 billion, increasing 140.3% from Ps.66.9 billion in 2022.

The following table sets forth our Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
​ |  | Ps. |  | Ps.
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income from corporate and government securities |  | 127,798,716 |  | 51,452,910
Income from securities issued by the Argentine Central Bank |  | — |  | 3,303,523
Derivatives |  | 10,282,330 |  | 2,065,245
Total |  | 138,081,046 |  | 56,821,678
Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost |  | 16,857,100 |  | 1,531,618
Exchange rate difference on gold and foreign currency |  | 5,800,908 |  | 8,541,784
Total |  | 160,739,054 |  | 66,895,080

​

​

150

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
​ |  | Ps. |  | Ps.
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
Financial income from U.S. dollar operations |  | 100,181,754 |  | 17,935,476
NIFFI |  | 30,672,098 |  | 9,586,946
U.S. dollar Government Securities |  | 20,389,768 |  | 7,521,703
Term Operations |  | 10,282,330 |  | 2,065,243
Interest Income |  | 69,509,656 |  | 8,348,530
U.S. dollar Government Securities |  | 69,509,656 |  | 8,348,530
Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency |  | 5,800,908 |  | 8,541,784
Total Income from U.S. dollar operations |  | 105,982,662 |  | 26,477,260

​

Total income from U.S. dollar operations for 2023 totaled Ps.106.0 billion, compared to Ps.26.5 billion in 2022. This increase is mainly explained by higher net gain on U.S.$ and U.S.$ linked government securities partially offset by lower results from term operations and lower exchange rate differences.

Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money

Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the currency for 2023 totaled a Ps.108.9 billion loss, from the Ps.55.3 billion loss in 2022. This reflects the loss in the purchasing power of the currency to which our net monetary assets are exposed as a result of the 211.4% and 94.8% increases in consumer price index in 2023 and 2022, respectively, while net monetary assets increased in 2023 compared to 2022. Grupo Supervielle’s capital is hedged against inflation through different inflation linked instruments, including mortgage loans and sovereign bonds.

Loan Loss Provisions

Loan loss provisions totaled Ps.33.6 billion in 2023, a 23.8% decrease compared to Ps.44.1 billion in 2022. This decrease performance reflects improved credit quality on stringent credit scoring criteria and mix-shift in loan portfolio. In 2023 and 2022, the level of provisioning reflects Grupo Supervielle’s IFRS9 expected loss models and the nominal growth of the loan portfolio.

Loan loss provisions include the expected losses for each portfolio and segment, based on past performance and current conditions as of the financial statements date. The increase in delinquency also requires expected losses to be measured for the whole life of each loan, instead of accounting for expected losses during a 12-month period. This increases significantly the probability of default for loans with a maturity of more than 1 year. For further information, see “Item 4.E. Selected Statistical Information—Amounts Past Due Loans and Other Financing.”

As of December 31, 2023, the coverage ratio increased to 286.0% from 142.7% as of December 31, 2023, reflecting Grupo Supervielle’s IFRS9 expected loss models and the nominal growth of the non performing loan portfolio. The total non-performing loan (“NPL”) ratio was 1.4% as of December 31, 2023, decreasing 2.30% from 3.7% as of December 31, 2022. This was driven by the shift in loans to middle-market corporates and payroll customers along with significantly lower exposure to consumer loans, the improvement in retail customer behavior and the sale of delinquent retail loans, mainly open market and former consumer finance customers. The Bank has been tightening its underwriting policies in this segment during 2023.

See changes in loan loss provisions in Note 25 to our audited financial statements. Loans and Other Financing of our audited consolidated financial statements.

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Net Services Fee Income

Our net services fee income was comprised of:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, | ​
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023/2022 |
​ |  | Ps. |  | Ps. |  | % |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Commissions from deposits accounts | ​ | 37,391,888 | ​ | 38,148,025 | ​ | (2.0) | %
Commissions from credit and debit cards |  | 20,594,231 |  | 29,729,082 |  | (30.7) | %
Commissions from loans operations |  | 368,893 |  | 950,232 |  | (61.2) | %
Other Commissions |  | 34,770,240 |  | 25,650,838 |  | 35.6 | %
Total Services fee income |  | 93,125,252 |  | 94,478,177 |  | (1.4) | %
Exports and foreign currency operations |  | (555,520) |  | (787,995) |  | (29.5) | %
Commissions paid |  | (23,620,557) |  | (32,604,729) |  | (27.6) | %
Total Services fee expenses |  | (24,176,077) |  | (33,392,724) |  | (27.6) | %
Income from insurance activities |  | 14,431,313 |  | 14,104,154 |  | 2.3 | %
Net Service Fee Income |  | 83,380,488 |  | 75,189,607 |  | 10.9 | %

​

Net services fee income (excluding Income from insurance activities ) totaled Ps. 68.9 billion in 2023, a 12.9% increase compared to Ps.61.1 billion in 2022. This increase was mainly driven by:

| (i) | a 158.1% or Ps. 8.8 billion increase in brokerage fees to Ps. 14.3 billion in 2023 compared to Ps. 5.5 billion in 2022. In 2023, brokerage fees represented 15.4% of total fee income compared to 5.9% in 2022, demonstrating IOL’s ability to acquire and retain customers. Monthly active users at IOL increased five times to 271,000, new accounts increased by over eight times, and transactions increased by five times, comapred to 2022;

| (ii) | a 27.6% or Ps. 9.2 billion decrease in fee expenses mainly related to lower credit cards processors fees explained by weak credit demand; and

| (iii) | an 11.4% or Ps. 789.8 million increase in asset management fees that represented 8.3% of total fee income in 2023 compared to 7.3% in 2022.

This increase were partially offset by (i) lower banking business fee income as fee repricing did not match the 211.4% increase in inflation in Argentina in 2023, (ii) a 30.7% or Ps.9.1 billion decrease in credit card commissions, (iii) a 2.0% or Ps. 756.1 million decrease in deposit account commissions (comprised principally of maintenance and transaction fees on checking and savings accounts), and (iv) a 61.2% or Ps. 581.3 million decrease in loan related fees.

Income from insurance activities

Income from insurance activities amounted to Ps.14.4 billion in 2023, reflecting a 2.3% increase from the Ps.14.1 billion recorded in 2022. In 2023, gross written premiums decreased 3.9% from 2022, with non-credit related policies decreasing Ps.202 million, or 2.1%. Claims paid amounted to Ps.1.3 billion decreasing 18.9% compared to 2022.

152

Personnel and Administration Expenses

The following table sets forth the components of our administrative expenses:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, | ​
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023/2022 |
​ |  | Ps. |  | Ps. |  | % |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Payroll and social securities |  | 150,064,085 |  | 154,276,818 |  | (2.7) | %
Other expenses |  | 10,331,367 |  | 13,548,690 |  | (23.7) | %
Total Personnel expenses |  | 160,395,452 |  | 167,825,508 |  | (4.4) | %
Directors’ and statutory auditors’ fees |  | 3,291,819 |  | 2,484,677 |  | 32.5 | %
Professional fees |  | 25,006,003 |  | 25,862,516 |  | (3.3) | %
Advertising and publicity |  | 4,737,212 |  | 6,893,010 |  | (31.3) | %
Taxes |  | 20,408,129 |  | 20,091,751 |  | 1.6 | %
Maintenance, security and services |  | 19,653,248 |  | 21,561,754 |  | (8.9) | %
Rent |  | 66,400 |  | 245,871 |  | (73.0) | %
Others |  | 11,275,883 |  | 11,807,229 |  | (4.5) | %
Total Administration Expenses |  | 84,438,694 |  | 88,946,808 |  | (5.1) | %
Total Personnel and Administration Expenses |  | 244,834,146 |  | 256,772,316 |  | (4.6) | %

​

In 2023, personnel expenses amounted to Ps.160.4 billion, a 4.4% or Ps.6.4 billion decrease compared to 2022 reflecting our business consolidation and structural cost efficiencies. Personnel expenses includes severance payments and early retirement charges related to Grupo Supervielle’s transformation and efficiency programs of Ps.10.5 billion in 2023 and Ps.23.5 billion in 2022.

The employee base at the end of 2023 reached 3,663 people, decreasing 4.0%, or 151 employees, compared to 2022. The Bank’s headcount was reduced by 138 employees or 4.1% compared to 2022. IOL invertironline increased its staff by 37 employees compared to 2022. Insurance reduced its staff by 6 employees or 3.8% compared to 2022.

Administration expenses totaled Ps.84.4 billion in 2023,decreasing 5.1% from the Ps.88.9 billion recorded in 2022. This performance was primarily due to the strict cost control implemented by Grupo Supervielle. In 2023, advertising and publicity costs decreased 31.3% or Ps. 2.2 billion while maintenance and security service costs decreased 8.9% or Ps.1.9 billion to Ps.19.7 billion, compared to Ps.21.6 billion in 2022.

In 2023, the efficiency ratio was 54.7%, decreasing 25.2% from 2022. This decrease reflects a 40.2% increase in revenues mainly reflecting higher margin and higher net fee income, together with a 4.0% decrease in total expenses.

Other Income/(Expenses), Net

We had other expenses, net of Ps.70.6 billion for 2023, compared to Ps.50.3 billion in 2022. This line item mainly reflects: (i) a 2.5% or Ps.1.3 billion increase in turnover taxes to Ps.55.0 billion compared to Ps.53.6 billion in 2022, (ii) a Ps.7.0 billion loss from valuation of real estate assets at market value at the end of the year, (iii) a Ps. 8.0 billion provision to execute several strategic initiatives in different business units, and (iv) a Ps. 4.0 billion contingency provision related to turnover taxes.

Commencing January 2020 and January 2023, the tax authorities of the City of Buenos Aires and the Province of Mendoza, respectively, began to impose a turnover tax on revenues derived from securities and instruments, such as LELIQs/NOTALIQs or Repos) issued by the Central Bank. On December 11, 2020, the Central Bank initiated certain actions against the tax authorities of the City of Buenos Aires and the Province of Mendoza regarding the unconstitutionality of the Turnover Tax, as it directly affects the purposes and functions assigned to the Central Bank, substantially altering the execution of national monetary and financial policies. In addition, the Argentine Banking Association, the Argentine Bankers’ Association, and the majority of financial institutions operating in the City of Buenos Aires and the Province of Mendoza have filed constitutional actions against the Turnover Tax. These actions are still pending resolution by the Supreme Court of Justice of Argentina.

The Bank believes that the reasons supporting the non-taxability of these types of instruments are strong and based on expert opinions, both internal and from third-party specialists. We estimate the likelihood of a favorable ruling to our position. Consequently,

153

the Bank has ceased paying the tax on the revenues generated by LELIQ securities in Mendoza since January 2023, and by LELIQ and Repo transactions in the City of Buenos Aires since April 2023. However, if the dispute with the tax authorities enters a judicial phase, we may have to pay the claimed amount and ask for reimbursement. For this reason, we recorded a provision of Ps. 4.0 billion, reflecting the net present value of probable outflows without considering subsequent reimbursements.

On June 30, 2023, Law No. 6655 was published, which establishes the reduction of the Turnover Tax rate to 0% or 2.85% for BCRA’s repo transactions and securities, subject to regulation and contingent on the effective transfer of revenue-sharing funds or agreements reached with the Argentine Government.

Other Comprehensive Income, net of tax

Other comprehensive income, net of tax totaled a net gain of Ps.3.3 billion in 2023 compared to a net loss of Ps.3.6 billion in 2022. Other Comprehensive Income in the quarter reflects mark to market valuation of government securities held by the Company recorded at Fair value through other comprehensive income, partially offset by Other Comprehensive loss from the valuation of real estate assets at market value.

Income Tax

The tax reform passed by Congress in December 2017 and the amendment to Income Tax Law No. 20,628 (the “Income Tax Law”) passed in December 2019, allowed the deduction of losses arising from exposures to changes in the purchasing power of the currency, only if inflation as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) issued by the INDEC would exceed the following thresholds applicable for each fiscal year: 55% in 2018, 30% in 2019 and 15% in 2020. For 2021 and subsequent periods, inflation should exceed 100% in 3 years on a cumulative basis to deduct inflation losses. In 2018, the 55% threshold was not met, but in 2019 inflation widely exceeded 30%. Therefore, since 2019 the income tax provision considers the losses arising from exposures to changes in the purchasing power of the currency, which significantly lowered the income tax expense compared to previous years.

In June 2021, a tax law was enacted establishing a new income tax rate structure with three segments in relation to the level of accumulated taxable net income which are adjusted annually considering the CPI. The new income tax rate structure is: (i) 25% for accumulated taxable income of up to Ps.7.6 million; (ii) 30% for taxable income greater than Ps.7.6 million up to Ps.76 million; and (iii) 35% for taxable income greater than Ps.76 million. This modification is applicable for fiscal years beginning on January 1, 2021.

In 2023, Grupo Supervielle recorded an income tax loss of Ps.34.7 billion compared to an income tax gain of Ps.11.2 billion in 2022. The taxable income of each company is calculated on a stand-alone basis excluding the impact of the equity method results on their respective subsidiaries. In addition, permanent differences between inflation adjustment for tax purposes and according to IAS 29 may arise, which may increase or decrease the effective tax rate.

Results by Segments

Our results by segments for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are shown in Note 3 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

Personal and Business Banking

Attributable income in 2023 recorded a Ps.30.7 billion loss, compared to a Ps.42.2 billion loss in 2022. The main factors explaining the this decrease were: (i) a Ps.51.5 billion or 46.9% increase in net financial income mainly due to higher distribution of income from treasury funds, partially offset by weak credit demand and the increase in interest expenses mainly due to minimum interest rates on time deposits as ruled by the Central Bank; and (ii) a Ps. 4.2 billion or 13.9% decrease in loan loss provisions. Loan loss provisions include the expected losses for each portfolio and segment, based on past performance and current conditions as of the financial statements date. Delinquency requires expected losses to be measured for the whole life of each loan, instead of accounting for expected losses during a 12-month period. This increases significantly the probability of default for loans with a maturity of more than one year. The performance reflects the shift in loans to middle-market corporates and payroll customers along with significantly lower exposure to consumer loans, better retail customer behavior and the sale of delinquent retail loans, mainly in the open market and to former consumer finance customers.

154

These were partially offset by: (i) a Ps. 11.5 billion or 5.7% increase in personnel expenses and administrative expenses; (ii) a Ps.1.9 billion or 4.6% decrease in net service fee income as fees repricing did not anticipate the increase of 211.4% in inflation in Argentina in 2023; (iii) a Ps. 11.7 billion decrease in the gain recorded in the segment from exposure to inflation; (iv) a Ps. 9.9 billion or 44.4% increase in Other net operating losses; and (v) a tax gain of Ps.14.0 billion in 2023 compared to a tax gain of Ps.23.2 billion in 2022.

​

In 2023, the Personal & Business Banking segment loans (including receivables from financial leases) reached Ps.259.4 billion as of December 31, 2023, decreasing 42.4% from 2022. The Personal & Business loan portfolio was negatively impacted by weak credit demand in a context of high inflation and nominal rates, and to some extent by the sale of non-performing loans carried out in 2023.

​

In 2023, the Personal & Business Banking segment’s deposits amounted to Ps. 580.1 billion, a 24.0% decrease from the Ps.763.2 billion in 2022.

Corporate Banking

Attributable income in 2023 recorded a Ps.10.3 billion gain, compared to a Ps.4.4 billion gain in 2022, mainly due to: (i) a 41.5% or Ps. 18.7 billion increase in Net Financial Income mainly due to gains from treasury funds and loan portfolio repricing while volumes continued to be impacted by weak credit demand. In 2023, interest expenses reflected the increase in market interest rates and the impact of minimum interest rates on time deposits ruled by the Central Bank; (ii) a 21.7% or Ps.1.1 billion increase in net service fee income reflecting fee repricing on bundle products to corporates in 2023; and (iii) a 63.9% or Ps.11.9 billion decrease in the loss in the purchasing power of the currency to which our net monetary assets are exposed.

​

These were partially offset by: (i) Other expenses net of Ps. 12.7 billion compared to a gain of Ps. 595.0 million in 2022; (ii) a 235.5% or Ps.3.6 billion increase in loan loss provisions. Loan loss provisions include the expected losses for each portfolio and segment, based on past performance and current conditions as of the financial statements date, (iii) a 12.9% or Ps.3.3 billion increase in Personnel, Administrative expenses and Depreciations and Amortizations related to Grupo Supervielle’s strategy to capture operating efficiencies at the Bank; and (iv) an income tax charge of Ps. 5.9 billion in 2023 compared to Ps. 307.5 milion in 2022.

​

In 2023, the corporate banking segment’s loan and financing portfolio totaled Ps.196.6 billion compared to Ps.256.5 billion in 2022 reflecting weak credit demand. Also, in 2023 corporate deposits amounted to Ps.215.2 billion, compared to Ps.198.0 billion in 2022.

Treasury

Attributable income in 2023 recorded a Ps.60.2 billion gain, compared to a Ps.35.5 billion gain in 2022.

This performance is explained by a 46.6% or Ps.73.3 billion increase in Net Financial Income due to higher interest earned on higher holdings of securities issued by the Central Bank and repo transactions and higher yield on higher volumes of government securities.

This was partially offset by: (i) a 58.2% or Ps.35.2 billion loss increase from exposure to changes in the purchasing power to Ps.95.7 billion due to higher investment portfolio volumes and an increase of inflation in Argentina in 2023 to 211.4%, (ii) a 5.0% or Ps. 733.8 million increase in Personnel Expenses mainly due to the our strategy to capture operating efficiencies at the Bank, and (iii) an income tax charge of Ps. 33.4 billion compared to Ps. 19.6 billion in 2022.

Consumer Finance

As of December 31, 2022, IUDÚ and Tarjeta were in the process of merging into the Bank. The remaining operations of IUDÚ and Tarjeta as of such date are described in Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements.

Insurance

Attributable income totaled Ps.3.6 million in 2023 compared to Ps.2.7 billion in 2022. This was due to (i) a 151.3% or Ps. 6.8 billion increase in Net Financial income, and (ii) a 4.3% or Ps. 580 million increase in Net Service Fee income. In 2023, gross written

155

premiums decreased 3.9% from 2022, with non-credit related policies decreasing Ps.202 million, or 2.1%. Claims paid amounted to Ps.1.3 billion decreasing 18.9% compared to 2022.

These were partially offset by: (i) a Ps.5.6 million increase in the net loss from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the currency, (ii) a 10.9% or Ps. 701.8 million increase in personnel and administrative expenses to Ps. 7.2 billion from Ps. 6.5 billion in 2022, and (iii) an income tax charge of Ps. 2.0 billion from Ps. 1.9 billion in 2022.

Asset Management and Other Services

Attributable Income recorded a Ps.10.6 billion gainin 2023 compared to Ps.159.7 million loss in 2022. The increase in 2023 was mainly driven by:

(i) a Ps.9.8 billion increase in net service fee income to Ps.25.5 billion in 2023 from Ps. 15.7 billion in 2022 due to higher revenues from IOL invertironline and from the asset management business. In 2023, brokerage fees represented 15.4% of total fee income compared to 5.9% in 2022, demonstrating IOL’s ability to acquire and retain customers. Monthly active users at IOL increased by five times to 271,000, new accounts increased by over eight times, and transactions increasedby five times, compared to 2022;

(ii) an Ps.8.0 billion increase in Net Financial Income to Ps. 12.2 billion in 2023 compared to Ps. 4.4 billion in 2022, mainly due to higher yields on government securities; and

(iii) a 9.8% or Ps. 1.5 billion decrease in Expenses due to strict cost control implemented by Grupo Supervielle.

These were partially offset by a Ps. 8.0 billion charge in the result from exposure to inflation in 2023 compared to Ps. 3.9 billion in 2022, and Ps. 6.5 billion income tax charge compared to Ps. 980.5 million in 2022.

Adjustments

Results incurred by Grupo Supervielle at the holding level, and transactions between segments, are not allocated to any particular segment for internal reporting purposes and are disclosed under “Adjustments” to reconcile the total of each line item with the amounts appearing in our statement of income.

Inter-segment transactions offset each other and do not impact total direct earnings on a consolidated basis. Other results not allocated to segments totaled an attributable income of Ps.2.4 million loss in 2023 compared to a Ps.1.9 billion loss in 2022.

Consolidated Assets

The structure and main components of our consolidated assets as of the dates indicated were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | As of December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 |
​ |  | Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | % | ​
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Cash and due from banks |  | 229,098,272 |  | 11.1 | % | 150,719,643 |  | 7.0 | %
Debt Securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 46,415,822 |  | 2.3 | % | 69,707,595 |  | 3.2 | %
Loans and financing portfolio |  | 482,455,084 |  | 23.4 | % | 728,474,749 |  | 33.6 | %
Other debt securities |  | 251,180,541 |  | 12.2 | % | 839,975,567 |  | 38.8 | %
Other assets(1) |  | 1,048,858,282 |  | 51.0 | % | 377,111,636 |  | 17.4 | %
Total |  | 2,058,008,001 |  | 100.0 | % | 2,165,989,190 |  | 100.0 | %

(1) | Includes mainly other receivables from financial transactions, equity investments, miscellaneous receivables, bank premises and equipment, miscellaneous assets, and intangible assets.

Of our Ps.2,061.7 billion total assets as of December 31, 2023, Ps.1,976 billion, equivalent to 95.9% of the total assets, corresponded to the Bank. As of December 31, 2023, our total direct exposure to the public sector amounted to Ps.1,033.2 billion which is primarily composed of our holdings of securities issued by the Central Bank and repo transactions with the Central Bank and government securities.

156

​

Item 5.BLiquidity and Capital Resources

Asset and Liability Management

The purpose of the asset and liability management is to structure our consolidated statement of financial position in light of interest rates, liquidity and foreign exchange risks, as well as market risk, public sector risk and our capital structure. Our Asset and Liability Committee (“ALCO”) establishes specific limits with respect to risk exposure, sets forth our policy with respect to pricing and approves commercial policies which may have a financial impact on our balance sheet. It is also responsible for the follow-up of monetary aggregates and financial variables, our liquidity position, regulations from the Central Bank and monitoring the competitive environment in assets, liabilities and interest rates.

Our main source of liquidity is the Bank’s deposit base. The Bank also receives deposits and interbank calls and issue short-term debt securities in the Argentine capital markets for financing. Additionally, long-term financing and capital contributions enable us to cover most of our liquidity requirements.

On July 20, 2022, our Board of Directors approved the establishment of the following terms and conditions for the acquisition of its own shares under a repurchase program of the Group’s shares pursuant to Article 64 of Law 26,831 and CNV regulations (the “First Program”): (i) maximum amount of the investment: up to Ps.2,000,000,000; (ii) maximum number of shares to be acquired: up to 10% of the capital stock of Grupo Supervielle, as established by the applicable Argentine laws and regulations; (iii) payable price: up to Ps.138.00 per Class B share and U.S.$2.20 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange, and (iv) term for the acquisition: 250 days as from the next day of the date of publication of the information in the Bolsa de Buenos Aires Daily Bulletin, subject to any renewal or extension of the term, which will be informed to the public by the same means. On September 13, 2022, the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle decided to increase the payable price related to the acquisitions under the First Program to Ps.155.00 per Class B share and U.S.$2.70 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange. On December 27, 2022, the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle decided to further increase the payable price related to the acquisition of Grupo Supervielle’s Class B shares under the First Program to Ps.200.00 per Class B share. The First Program expired in March 2023 and it was not renewed. Under the First Program we acquired 11,093,572 Class B Shares and 591,384 ADSs, reaching an execution of 86.3% of the First Program and repurchasing 3.076% of the outstanding capital stock. Our annual ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 19, 2024 resolved to delegate to our board of directors the authority to sell or dispose in the future the treasury shares that the Group repurchased under the First Program in compliance with applicable regulations.

On April 19, 2024, our Board of Directors approved the establishment of the following terms and conditions for the acquisition of its own shares under a repurchase program of the Group’s shares pursuant to Article 64 of Law 26,831 and CNV regulations (the “Second Program” and, together with the First Program, the “Programs”): (i) maximum amount of the investment: up to Ps.4 billion; (ii) maximum number of shares to be acquired: up to 10% of the capital stock of Grupo Supervielle, as established by the applicable Argentine laws and regulations; (iii) payable price: up to Ps.1,600 per Class B share and U.S.$8.00 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange, and (iv) term for the acquisition: 120 days as from the next day of the date of publication of the information in the Bolsa de Buenos Aires Daily Bulletin, subject to any renewal or extension of the term, which will be informed to the public by the same means. As of the date of this annual report, under the Second Program we acquired 550,000 Class B Shares.

As of the date of this annual report, we hold 14,600,492 Class B shares (including shares represented by ADSs) which correspond to all the Class B Shares and ADSs acquired under the Programs. For more information, see “Item 16.E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.”

As of December 31, 2023, the LCR Pro forma was 112.6% compared to 103.5% as of December 31, 2022.

157

Consolidated Cash Flows

The table below summarizes the information from our consolidated statements of cash flows for the three years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, which is also discussed in more detail below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
Net (loss) /income for the year | ​ | 51,657,809 | ​ | (15,671,914) | ​ | (10,532,748)
Adjustments to obtain flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax |  | 34,734,935 |  | (11,164,078) |  | 1,697,922
Depreciation and Impairment of Property, plant and equipment |  | 31,931,273 |  | 31,447,803 |  | 25,629,749
Loan loss provisions |  | 33,640,071 |  | 44,129,627 |  | 54,168,977
Other adjustments |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exchange rate difference on gold and foreign currency |  | (5,800,908) |  | (8,541,784) |  | (6,019,802)
Interest from loans and other financings |  | (1,157,697,255) |  | (784,354,347) |  | (627,418,680)
Interest from deposits and financing received |  | 825,494,087 |  | 515,399,394 |  | 366,990,536
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss |  | (138,081,046) |  | (56,821,678) |  | (53,923,603)
Fair value measurement of investment properties |  | 7,012,278 |  | 2,503,275 |  | 2,675,231
Results from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money |  | 108,923,511 |  | 55,271,939 |  | 47,361,901
Interest on liabilities for financial leases |  | 33,690 |  | 1,555,148 |  | 1,630,621
Allowances reversed |  | (5,502,611) |  | (10,127,903) |  | (10,395,360)
Fair value measurement of investment properties | ​ | (16,857,100) |  | (1,531,618) |  | (1,541,901)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(Increases) / decreases from operating assets: |  | ​ |  |  |  |
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 188,466,001 |  | 59,790,591 |  | 72,763,588
Derivatives |  | (2,874,712) |  | 425,411 |  | (27,824)
Repo transactions |  | (688,501,884) |  | 192,719,662 |  | (55,242,994)
Loans and other financing |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
To the non-financial public sector |  | (1,205,330) |  | (726,857) |  | 77,519
To the other financial entities |  | (1,999,421) |  | (1,541,063) |  | (355,621)
To the non-financial sector and foreign residents |  | 1,378,784,211 |  | 965,844,886 |  | 605,826,836
Other debt securities |  | 588,795,026 |  | (361,184,054) |  | (104,672,168)
Financial assets in guarantee |  | (1,326,077) |  | 6,746,784 |  | (6,893,080)
Investments in equity instruments |  | — |  | — |  | —
Other assets |  | (93,625,284) |  | 48,110,871 |  | (49,652,616)
Increases / (decreases) from operating liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-financial public sector |  | 14,042,239 |  | 17,098,039 |  | (2,828,948)
Financial sector |  | 160,678 |  | 78,686 |  | (288,535)
Private non-financial sector and foreign residents |  | (995,778,531) |  | (577,355,825) |  | (249,749,858)
Derivatives |  | — |  | — |  | (18,264)
Repo operations |  | 940,332 |  | — |  | —
Liabilities at fair value with changes in results |  | (6,053,636) |  | (5,793,288) |  | (5,875,798)
Other liabilities |  | 15,216,610 |  | (98,506,299) |  | 67,909,146
Income Tax paid |  | (6,579,003) |  | (2,637,426) |  | (9,829,034)

​

​

158

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES (A) |  | 157,949,953 |  | 5,163,982 |  | 51,465,192
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |
Net payments related to: |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of PPE, intangible assets and other assets |  | (24,751,267) |  | (26,038,772) |  | (30,469,603)
Purchase of liabilities and equity instruments issued by other entities |  | 1,199,025 |  | 38,113 |  | (538,013)
Purchase of investments in subsidiaries |  | — |  | — |  | —
Collections: |  |  |  |  |  |
Disposals related to PPE, intangible assets and other assets |  | 4,662,862 |  | 2,475,354 |  | 2,529,757
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES (B) |  | (18,889,380) |  | (23,525,305) |  | (28,477,859)
CASH FLOW OF FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |
Payments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Leases |  | (5,004,160) |  | (7,927,034) |  | (14,721,681)
Unsubordinated negotiable obligations |  | (1,782,823) |  | (4,677,087) |  | (45,936,548)
Financing received from Argentine Financial Institutions |  | (152,329,300) |  | (543,661,474) |  | (211,897,764)
Subordinated negotiable obligations |  | — |  | — |  | (10,442,289)
Dividends |  | — |  | (1,531,690) |  | (3,122,242)
Acquisition of treasury shares |  | (858,804) |  | (4,307,609) |  | —

​

​

159

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
Collections: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unsubordinated negotiable obligations |  | 34,552 |  | — |  | 13,661,245
Financing received from Argentine Financial Institutions |  | 137,801,435 |  | 522,953,299 |  | 196,241,415
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES (C) |  | (22,139,100) |  | (39,151,595) |  | (76,217,864)
EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES AND EXPOSURE TO CHANGES IN THE PURCHASING POWER OF MONEY ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (D) |  | 216,959,159 |  | 9,707,018 |  | 67,022,844
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (A+B+C+D+E) |  | 83,308,526 |  | (101,914,887) |  | (90,037,482)
RESULT FROM EXPOSURE TO CHANGES IN THE PURCHASING POWER OF THE CURRENCY OF CASH AND EQUIVALENTS (E) |  | (250,572,106) |  | (54,108,987) |  | (103,829,795)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR |  | 169,408,365 |  | 271,323,252 |  | 361,360,734
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE YEAR |  | 252,716,891 |  | 169,408,365 |  | 271,323,252

​

Management believes that cash flows from operations and available cash and cash equivalent balances will be sufficient to fund our financial commitments and capital expenditures in 2024.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

In 2023, operating activities provided Ps.157.9 billion of net cash, compared to Ps.5.2 billion of net cash provided in 2022. Net decrease in Private non-financial sector and foreign residents deposits amounted to Ps.995.8 billion in 2023, compared to a net decrease of Ps.577.4 billion in 2022. Net operating activities provided Ps.502.9 billion in 2023 from debt securities, derivatives and repo transactions compared to Ps.252.9 billion used in 2022. Net operating activities provided Ps.1,379 billion from loans to the non-financial sector and foreign residents in 2023, compared to Ps.960.7 billion in 2022.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

In 2023, we used Ps.18.9 billion of net cash in our investing activities, compared to Ps.23.5 billion of net cash used in 2022. In 2023, funds used mainly in intangible assets and others were Ps.24.8 billion compared to Ps.26.0 billion used in 2022.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

In 2023, net cash used in financing activities was Ps.22.1 billion, compared to Ps.39.2 billion in 2022.

In 2023, net funds used to make payments of unsubordinated negotiable obligations was Ps.1.8 billion, compared to Ps.4.7 billion used in 2022. Net payments to Argentine financial institutions was Ps.14.5 billion in 2023, compared to Ps.20.7 billion net payments in 2022. In 2023 and 2022, net cash used in dividends payments was Ps.0 million and Ps.1.5 billion, respectively.

160

Funding

Deposits

Our major source of funding is the Bank’s significant deposit base comprised of checking and savings accounts and time deposits. The following table presents the composition of our consolidated deposits as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | As of December 31, |
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
From the non-financial public sector |  | 100,747,830 |  | 86,705,591 | ​
% of deposits |  | 6.5 | % | 5.1 | %
From the financial sector |  | 476,539 |  | 315,861 | ​
% of deposits |  | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | %
From the non-financial private sector and foreign residents | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Checking accounts |  | 138,589,508 |  | 157,491,710 | ​
% of deposits |  | 8.9 | % | 9.2 | %
Savings accounts |  | 241,809,018 |  | 287,593,196 | ​
% of deposits |  | 15.6 | % | 16.9 | %
Special checking accounts |  | 731,973,085 |  | 556,908,441 | ​
% of deposits |  | 47.3 | % | 32.7 | %
Time deposits |  | 177,192,264 |  | 469,431,207 | ​
% of deposits |  | 11.4 | % | 27.5 | %
Investment accounts |  | 122,036,731 |  | 100,826,533 | ​
% of deposits |  | 7.9 | % | 5.9 | %
Others |  | 15,838,471 |  | 19,700,970 | ​
% of deposits |  | 1.0 | % | 1.2 | %
Interest and differences in exchange rates payable |  | 20,264,610 |  | 26,036,074 | ​
% of deposits |  | 1.3 | % | 1.5 | %
Total |  | 1,548,928,056 |  | 1,705,009,583 | ​

​

Non- or low-cost demand total deposits (including private and public-sector deposits) accounted for 27.1% of the Company’s total deposit base (16.3% of savings accounts and 10.8% of checking accounts) as of December 31, 2023, compared to 29.1% as of December 31, 2022. The current inflationary environment is driving customers to increasingly invest their transactional funds in the Company’s money market funds to protect the value of their income, which is reflected in the growing number of customers using the “Inversion Rápida” feature which was launched in the Supervielle App in April 2023.

Financings

Banco Supervielle S.A.

Global Program for the Issuance of Medium-Term Notes for up to U.S.$2.3 billion

On September 22, 2016, the shareholders’ meeting resolved to approve the creation of a Global Program for the Issuance of Negotiable Obligations for up to a maximum outstanding amount of U.S.$800,000,000. The Program was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No. 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. On March 6, 2018, the shareholders’ meeting resolved to approve the extension of the Program for up to a maximum outstanding amount of U.S.$2,300,000,000. The Program was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No. 19,470 dated April 16, 2018.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the amounts outstanding and the terms corresponding to outstanding unsubordinated negotiable obligations were as follows (with figures expressed in thousands of Pesos):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Class |  | Issue Date |  | Maturity Date |  | Annual Interest Rate |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Banco Supervielle Class E |  | 02/14/2018 |  | 02/14/2023 |  | Badlar + Spread 4.05 | % | — |  | 1,748,271
Total |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | — |  | 1,748,271

​

161

In February 2023, the unsubordinated negotiable obligations which were outstanding as of December 31, 2022 were canceled.

​

Program for the issuance of notes for up to nominal value Ps.750 million (increased to Ps.2 billion)

As of March 25, 2013, the Bank’s Extraordinary General shareholders’ meeting, approved the creation of a Global Program for the issuance of Negotiable Obligations for up to a maximum outstanding amount of U.S.$750,000,000. On April 15, 2016, the ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting approved to increase the maximum outstanding amount of the Program to $2,000,000,000 or its equivalent in foreign currency, passed by Resolution N° 18,224 from the CNV on September 22, 2016.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, Grupo Supervielle had no outstanding issuances under this program.

​

162

​

Consolidated Capital

The table below shows information on our shareholders’ equity as of the dates indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ |  | As of December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021 | ​
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Shareholders’ equity at the end of the period attributable to owners of the parent company |  | 341,377,494 |  | 287,316,144 |  | 312,457,100 |
Average shareholders’ equity(1) |  | 306,871,669 |  | 301,542,483 |  | 322,852,118 |
Shareholders’ equity attributable to owner of the parent company as a percentage of total assets |  | 16.6 | % | 13.3 | % | 13.2 | %
Average shareholders’ equity as a percentage of average total assets |  | 15.0 | % | 13.6 | % | 13.3 | %
Total liabilities as a multiple of total shareholders’ equity |  | 5.0 |  | 6.5 |  | 6.6 |
Tangible shareholders’ equity(2) as a percentage of Total Tangible Assets |  | 13.8 | % | 10.4 | % | 10.6 | %

​

(1) | Calculated on a daily basis.

(2) | Tangible shareholders’ equity represents shareholders’ equity minus intangible assets.

The table below shows information on the Bank and IUDÚ’s consolidated computable regulatory capital, and minimum capital requirements as of the dates indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, (1) |
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Total Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Tier 1 Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Paid in share capital common stock |  | 834,348 |  | 829,564 |  | 829,564 |
Share premiums |  | 7,308,673 |  | 6,898,635 |  | 6,898,635 |
Disclosed reserves and retained earnings |  | (48,461) |  | (5,814,988) |  | (311,314) |
Non-controlling interests |  | — |  | 37,012 |  | 76,340 |
IFRS Adjustments |  | 4,017,860 |  | 675,178 |  | 967,879 |
Capital Adjustments |  | 215,050,628 |  | 74,084,669 |  | 34,271,663 |
Expected Credit Losses |  | 9,877,284 |  | 5,649,997 |  | 1,362,584 |
100% of results |  | 14,559,131 |  | (4,740,190) |  | (267,662) |
50% of positive results |  | 12,820,861 |  | — |  | (809,041) |
Sub-Total: Gross Tier I Capital |  | 264,420,324 |  | 77,619,877 |  | 43,018,648 |
Tier 2 Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General provisions/general loan-loss reserves 50% | ​ | — |  | 2,598,971 |  | 1,552,919 |
Non‑controlling interests |  | — |  | 1,199 |  | — |
Sub-Total: Tier 2 Capital |  | — |  | 2,600,170 |  | 1,552,919 |
Deduct: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All Intangibles |  | 34,555,750 |  | 10,223,542 |  | 5,156,121 |
Pending items |  | 73,082 |  | 47,999 |  | 38,452 |
Other deductions |  | 20,954,410 |  | 14,791,999 |  | 6,963,809 |
Total Deductions |  | 55,583,242 |  | 25,063,540 |  | 12,158,382 |
Total Capital |  | 208,837,082 |  | 55,156,507 |  | 32,413,185 |
Credit Risk weighted assets(1) |  | 756,569,592 |  | 303,351,644 |  | 181,817,882 |
Risk weighted assets(2) | ​ | 1,058,040,330 | ​ | 428,238,463 | ​ | 255,610,319 | ​
Tier 1 Capital / Risk weighted assets | ​ | 19.7 | % | 12.3 | % | 12.1 | %
Regulatory Capital / Credit risk weighted assets |  | 27.6 | % | 18.2 | % | 17.8 | %
Regulatory Capital / Risk weighted assets |  | 19.7 | % | 12.9 | % | 12.7 | %

​

163

(1) | Nominal value without inflation adjustment.

(2) | Risk weighted assets is calculated by multiplying the operational risk and market risk by 12.5 and adding the credit risk weighted assets.

​

Capital Expenditures

In the course of our business, our capital expenditures are mainly related to infrastructure and organizational and IT system development. In general terms, our capital expenditures are not significant when compared to our total assets. We expect that capital expenditures in 2024 will be related to infrastructure, IT systems development and properties. We anticipate to fund such capital expenditures with cash flow from operating activities.

​

Item 5.CResearch and Development, patents and licenses, etc.

Other than our technology program, we do not have any significant policies or projects relating to research and development, and we own no patents or licenses.

​

Item 5.D Trend Information

We believe that the macroeconomic environment and the following material trends related to Argentina, the Argentine financial system and our business have affected and will continue to affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our continued success and ability to increase our value to our shareholders will depend upon, among other factors, economic growth in Argentina and the corresponding growth of the market for long-term private sector lending and access to financial products and services by a larger segment of the population.

This analysis should be read in conjunction with the discussion in “Item 3.D. Risk Factors” and taking into consideration that the Argentine economy has been historically volatile, which has negatively affected the volume and growth of several sectors, including the financial system.

Material Trends Related to Argentina

According to the latest IMF estimates, the world economy is expected to grow 3.1% in 2024. Inflation is decreasing at a faster pace than expected in most countries. This led the IMF to increase its growth projections for the world economy for 2024. However, geopolitical conflicts might lead to an increase in commodity prices, to supply chain issues and to the discontinuation of the current disinflation trends, which could result in the tightening of monetary policies. In addition, the Israel-Hamas conflict could escalate at regional level and give rise to military tensions between China and Taiwan.

With respect to Argentina, according to economic consulting firms which participated in the the Central Bank’s “Relevamiento de Expectativas de Mercado” report, as of March 2024, a 3.5% decrease is expected in the country’s economy, with more stability during the rest of the year. In addition, the inflation rate is expected to increase 189% in 2024 and in some months of 2024 the inflation rate could be above that level.

According to IMF estimates, the economies of the main trading partners of Argentina are expected to grow. However, high interest rates, the slowdown in international trade and the drop in commodity prices could have a negative impact on the Argentine economy in 2024.

The Argentine economy is expected to undergo a challenging year due to the new measures that are expected to be implemented by the new administration. With the aim to accumulate reserves and eliminate the financial deficit, the first measures of the new administration intended to put back in track the relative economy prices, correct the exchange rate and subsidies to public utilities rates, and increase tax income. The Ministry of Economy expects good results following the increase in revenues and the reduction of expenses.

164

We cannot predict whether future global and Argentine economic performance will differ materially from the IMF, the Central Bank, the INDEC and the REM forecasts, due to the uncertainties of the global and Argentine economic environments, including high inflation, low levels of reserves and the concentration of maturities of short-term public debt denominated in Pesos.

Material Trends Related to the Argentine Financial System

The Argentine market is one of the least penetrated financial systems in Latin America, with a fragmented and competitive landscape. The industry in which we operate has been affected by the economic conditions in Argentina over the last several years. In 2023, Argentina’s GDP decreased by 1.6% impacted by the drought with the agricultural exports decreasing 20.6%. In 2022, Argentina’s GDP increased by 5.0% mainly due to the recovery of the Argentine economy from the negative impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the Argentine economy. Inflation in Argentina increased to 94.8% in 2022 and 211.4% in 2023. During 2022 and 2023, Argentina continued to face considerable macroeconomic and regulatory challenges such as minimum rates for time deposits, caps on interest rates on certain loans, mandatory loans, limits on LELIQ holdings, and foreign exchange market restrictions. As a result, as of December 31, 2023, the financial system in Argentina had low credit demand with loans to GDP and deposits to GDP at historical low rates of 6.7% and 18.3%, respectively. In December 2023, President Milei took office and the new administration remains committed to achieving fiscal surplus and introducing significant structural reforms that we expect to result in a macroeconomic and financial stabilization beyond 2024. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—Our business is largely dependent upon macroeconomic, political, regulatory and social conditions in Argentina.”

During 2023, total deposits from the private sector financial system increased by 171.4% in nominal terms, reflecting high liquidity levels reaching a penetration of deposits to GDP of 18.3%, but as a result of the low credit demand, banks have been investing the increasing excess liquidity in securities issued by the Central Bank and government securities.

Notwithstanding the challenging macroeconomic environment, the Argentine financial system is solid, with healthy asset quality levels at a 3.5% NPL while NPL of the private banking remained at the lowest level of 1.5%, and with high levels of liquidity and solvency.

Nevertheless, since 2020, a relevant portion of assets and liabilities of the banking industry became subject to increased regulation both in volumes and interest rates, thus impacting the financial margin of the banks.

As a result of the measures implemented by the new administration, Argentina’s macroeconomic situation is expected to stabilize and that monthly inflation will decrease during 2024 with respect to 2023 after the sharp increase in the beginning of 2024. As a result of this, together with the current high level of liquidity, the financial system will lead to greater demand for loans, contributing to sustain economic recovery and increase the levels of credit penetration to GDP, which is currently below the levels which were reached during the 1999-2002 economic recession in Argentina.

In March 2024, the new administration lifted the regulation which imposed minimum interest rates on time deposits and established new credit lines for SMEs with interest rates to be freely agreed upon by the contracting parties. We expect the new administration to continue to lift certain rules that had an impact on financial intermediation in previous years.

Material Trends Related to Our Business

As part of our transformation process, we strengthened our digital product culture and evolved our client-centric and product-focused operational model which enabled us to address our customers’ needs more efficiently. We continue to enhance our service model, improving digital, virtual, and automatic channels and transforming our branch network to offer higher-value transactions to our customers. This has led to improvements in our NPS and made our Virtual Hub a highly efficient transactional channel. As part of our tranformation process, we consolidated 28 branches during 2023, resulting in 137 branches as of December 31, 2023 compared to 183 branches as of December 2020 when we started with this transformation process. Moreover we reduced our staff by 4% and increased the number of customers per branch by 17%. This performance, together with our higher revenues in 2023, contributed to reach an efficiency ratio of 55% in 2023 compared to 89% in 2022.

With respect to our retail business, we continued to improve our competitive NPS while driving sustained digital adoption, higher customer engagement, and cross-selling. The share of retail digital customers over total customers increased by 10% compared to 2022, reaching 62%. 64% of personal loans originated digitally, compared to 34% in 2022, while digital sales of insurance products offered through digital and non-digital channels reached 26%. In relation to the adoption of our digital wallet, between January 2023 and December 2023, the number of wires increased from 3 million to 7 million, QR code payments increased from 25,000 to 250,000,

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and bill payments increased by 84%. In addition, in 2023, retail customer using our money market funds through the app increased 9 times compared to 2022.

With respect to our corporate segment, in 2023 we continued to execute our strategic priorities, we attracted new customers, captured higher share of wallet of our corporate customers and improved NPS in all segments. This allowed us to increase our share of corporate customers to 5.45% compared to 5.35% in 2022. In 2023, we offered digital working capital financing products and, as a result, digital transactions by SMEs accounting for 93% of factoring, 72% of commercial unsecured loans, and 52% of overdrafts. This allowed us to continue to increase our market share in foreign trade transactions and sight deposit balances.

Our online brokerage platform, IOL, became the leading online retail broker in Argentina and delivering significant fee growth underscoring our ability to attract and retain customers. In 2023, monthly active users increased five times to 271,000, new accounts increased three times and assets under management increased seven times compared 2022.

While the new elected president Javier Milei remains committed to achieving a fiscal balance and moving Argentina into an open market economy with a sustainable economic model, the new government faces several near-term challenges, including obtaining support to advance the structural reforms and deregulation agenda and maintaining social support in a recessionary backdrop with high inflation. We are well-positioned to meet these challenges with our capital protection measures against inflation and a loan book with exposure to highly attractive export-oriented sectors, including oil and gas, mining, and agrobusiness. We have established a solid and agile foundation, and we are confident in our ability to drive robust expansion once the Argentine economy stabilizes and resumes growth. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—Our business is largely dependent upon macroeconomic, political, regulatory and social conditions in Argentina.”

In 2024, we expect to continue to balance risk and profitability by managing credit cycles and excess liquidity through asset and liability management. We may face pressure from high level of inflation and negative interest rates in real terms. In terms of expenses, we expect to continue to exercise strict control on recurring costs and to increase expeses in line with inflation as certain costs that adjust with lagging inflation would be offset by efficiencies from reduction of personnel and branch optimization. In 2024, we expect to focus on profitability and on gaining market share.

In terms of our asset quality, we expect our NPL ratio to remain at low levels, but above the historical low levels reported in December 2023. Cost of risk is expected to remain at the same or higher levels of 2023 and Peso loan book is expected to grow slightly above inflation, with credit demand recovering gradually in the second half of 2024 as inflation decreases and regulations impacting financial system performance are lifted. We also expect capital and liquidity to remain at adequate levels underscoring long-term sustainability.

We expect to continue to execute our transformation strategy with the goal of driving sustainable growth as demand resumes while enhancing our current competitiveness, remaining flexible under this challenging scenario.

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Item 5.E Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires senior management to make judgements in applying the accounting standards to define the our accounting policies.

We identified the following areas which involve a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are material for our consolidated financial statements which are essential to understand the underlying accounting/financial reporting risks:

Fair value of financial instruments which do not have an active market

The fair value of financial instruments not listed in active markets is determined using valuation techniques. Such techniques are validated and reviewed periodically by qualified personnel independent from the area which developed them. All models are assessed and adjusted before being put into use in order to ensure that results reflect current information and comparable market prices. As long as possible, models rely on observable inputs only; which include significant assumptions related to implicit rates in the last available

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tender for similar securities and spot rate curves, require the use of estimates. Changes in the assumptions of these factors may affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

Allowances for loan losses

The Group recognizes the allowance for loan losses under the expected credit loss method included in IFRS 9. The most significant judgements of the model relate to defining what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk and in making assumptions and estimates to incorporate relevant information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of economic conditions. The impact of the forecasts of economic conditions are determined based on the weighted average of three internally developed macroeconomic scenarios that take into consideration Grupo Supervielle’s economic outlook as derived through forecast macroeconomic variables, which include inflation rate, monthly economic activity estimator, exchange rate, monetary policy rate, private sector real loans and private sector real wage. A high degree of uncertainty is involved in making estimations using assumptions that are highly subjective.

Note 1.11 to our consolidated financial statements provides more detail of how the expected credit loss allowance is calculated.

Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

Intangible assets with definite useful life and property, plant and equipment are amortized or depreciated on a straight-line basis during their estimated useful life. Grupo Supervielle monitors the conditions associated with these assets to determine whether the events and circumstances require a review of the remaining amortization or depreciation term and whether there are impairment indicators.

Grupo Supervielle has applied judgment in identifying indicators of impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets that are amortized. Grupo Supervielle has requested valuations by external independent valuers for its land and buildings category as of December 31, 2023, recording and impairment on some of them (see Note 12.1 to our consolidated financial statements). For the rest of the categories of property, plant and equipment as well as for intangibles other than goodwill, no indicators have been identified and no impairment has been recognised for any of the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. During the year, the Group has recorded an impairment on the goodwill of Micro Lending as explained in Note 14.1 to our consolidated financial statements.

Income tax and deferred tax

A significant judgment is required to determine liabilities and assets from current and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation authority using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period. The deferred tax is measured over temporary differences between tax basis of assets and liabilities and book values at the tax rates that are expected to be applied when the asset is realized or the liability is settled.

Assets from deferred tax are recognized upon the possibility of relying on future taxable earnings against which temporary differences can be used, based on senior management’s assumptions regarding amounts and opportunities of future taxable earnings. Later, it is necessary to determine whether assets from deferred tax are likely to be used and set off future taxable earnings. Real results may differ from estimates, based on factors such as changes in tax legislation or the result of the final review of affidavits issued by tax authorities and tax courts.

Likely future tax earnings and the number of tax benefits are based on a medium term business plan prepared by management. Such plan is based on reasonable expectations.

Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees

Board of Directors

According to our bylaws, our Board of Directors may be composed of a minimum of three and a maximum of nine directors, and shareholders may also appoint an equal or lesser number of alternate directors. As of the date of this annual report, our Board of Directors is composed of seven directors and two alternate directors. There are no alternate directors.

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Directors and their alternates, if any, are appointed for a maximum term of two years by our shareholders during the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting. Directors may be reelected. Alternate directors replace directors in the order in which they were elected. Directors are elected annually in staggered elections. Despite their two-year appointment, pursuant to section 257 of the Argentine General Corporations Law, directors will maintain their positions until new directors are appointed at the following annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting.

The latest election relating to our Board of Directors took place at the ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 19, 2024, in accordance with Section 9 of our bylaws.

During the first meeting after directors have been appointed, they must appoint a chairman and vice-chairman of the board, or, if considered appropriate, a first vice-chairman and a second vice-chairman. The vice-chairman or, if applicable, the first vice-chairman, would automatically replace the chairman in the event that the chairman is absent, resigns, dies or faces any other impediment to serve as chairman, and the second vice-chairman, if applicable, would replace the first vice-chairman. In the absence of any of these directors, our Board of Directors may appoint who will serve as chairman or chairmen. The chairman of the board may cast two votes in the case of a tie.

Our Board of Directors functions and acts upon the majority vote of its members present at its meetings either physically or via any form of audio and visual simultaneous communication.

The following table sets forth the composition of our Board of Directors since April 19, 2024:

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Name |  | Title |  | Date of first appointment to the Board(1) |  | Date of expiration of current term(2) |  | Date of Birth
Julio Patricio Supervielle |  | Chairman of the Board |  | June 9, 2008 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | December 13, 1956
Emérico Alejandro Stengel |  | First Vice-Chairman of the Board |  | July 13, 2010 |  | December 31, 2025 |  | December 17, 1962
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini |  | Second Vice-Chairman and Corporate Secretary |  | September 28, 2011 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | February 13, 1956
Eduardo Pablo Braun |  | Director |  | April 26, 2019 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | June 25, 1963
José María Orlando |  | Director |  | August 12, 2020 |  | December 31, 2025 |  | September 25, 1964
Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer |  | Director |  | April 28, 2020 |  | December 31, 2025 |  | May 5, 1968
Hugo Enrique Santiago Basso |  | Director |  | April 26, 2019 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | December 3, 1979
Matias Jules Bernard Supervielle | ​ | Alternate Director | ​ | April 19, 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2025 | ​ | September 30, 1996
Jacques Patrick Supervielle | ​ | Alternate Director | ​ | April 19, 2024 | ​ | ​ December 31, 2025 | ​ | November 20, 1987

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​ ​ ​ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) | With the exception of Julio Patricio Supervielle and Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer, the respective date of appointment to the Board of each director is also the date on which each director first joined Grupo Supervielle. Julio Patricio Supervielle has held positions in our board since March 21, 2000, however he has continuously served in our board since 2008. Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer first joined the Board on March 23, 2010, where she served as director until April 26, 2019.

(2) | Notwithstanding the expiration date stated above, pursuant to section 257 of the Argentine General Corporations Law, the directors maintain their positions until the following annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting where directors are appointed.

There are no family relationships between the abovementioned current members of our Board of Directors, except for Julio Patricio Supervielle and Hugo Enrique Santiago Basso (uncle and nephew, respectively) and for Julio Patricio Supervielle and Matias Jules Bernard Supervielle and Jacques Patrick Supervielle (father and sons respectively).

The following are academic and professional backgrounds of the members of the board.

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Julio Patricio Supervielle is Chairman of the Board of Grupo Supervielle and CEO of Grupo Supervielle. He also serves as Chairman of Banco Supervielle S.A., Sofital, Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U., Invertironline.S.AU., Espacio Cordial de Servicios, Bolsillo Digital and Supervielle Agente de Negociación, IOL Holding and IOL Agente de Valores S.A., subsidiaries of Grupo Supervielle. With over 36 years of financial industry experience, he joined the family business Exprinter-Banex in 1986 where he held various positions in Banco Banex S.A., including General Manager, Director and Chairman of the Board. He has been leading Grupo Supervielle since early 2000. During this time, Grupo Supervielle achieved significant growth in terms of net worth, assets and deposits, successfully completed some of its most significant acquisitions and launched its initial public offering (2016) on the New York Stock Exchange and the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange. Mr. Supervielle has a degree in Business Administration from Universidad Católica Argentina, holds a master’s degree from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and attended the Global CEO Program organized by Wharton, IESE and CEIBS. As Chairman and CEO, Mr. Supervielle brings to the Board his expertise and proven leadership in the financial industry as well as valuable insight into our strategy formulation, culture crafting, risk management and compensation, providing an essential link between management and the Board. He also provides the Board with important perspectives on innovation, management development and industry challenges and opportunities.

E. Alejandro Stengel is the CEO of Banco Supervielle S.A., First Vice-Chairman of Grupo Supervielle and serves on the boards of Supervielle Seguros, Supervielle Agente de Negociación, Bolsillo Digital, Invertironline S.A.U. and IOL Holding, subsidiaries of Grupo Supervielle. On April 11, 2024, we announced that Mr. Stengel will step down from his role of CEO of Banco Supervielle S.A. by the end of 2024. See “—Banco Supervielle S.A.’s Senior Management—Succession of the CEO of Banco Supervielle S.A.” Prior to his current position Mr. Stengel was Banco Supervielle S.A.’s COO, with operational responsibilities for Personal & Business Banking, Corporate Banking, Operations, IT and Planning. He focused on streamlining the organizational structure, launching the Bank’s Customer Centric strategy and implementing the Agile and Digital Transformation Program. As board member of Grupo Supervielle he had a central role in the formation and development of Supervielle Seguros (Insurance) and Espacio Cordial (Non-Financial Services). Before joining Grupo Supervielle, Mr. Stengel was the CEO of Los Grobo Agropecuaria, a leading Mercosur agribusiness company that won the National Quality Award under his tenure. As a Partner of Booz Allen Hamilton, a global management consulting firm, he worked with multinational and large corporations in Latin America, the United States and Europe on Strategy, Governance, Organization and Operations. He led strategic integration and operations enhancement projects in Financial Services. Mr. Stengel began his career in Corporate Banking at Citibank and Banco Santander. He earned an Industrial Engineering degree from the Universidad de Buenos Aires and holds an MBA from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Stengel brings to our Board of Directors strong senior management experience and expertise in Strategy and Organizational Transformation, developed in regional and International business settings. His participation in Boards and successful capital raising efforts including an initial public offering add Corporate Governance and Investor Relations to his contributions.

Atilio Dell´Oro Maini serves as Second Vice-Chairman of Grupo Supervielle, First Vice Chairman of Banco Supervielle S.A., Chairman of Micro Lending, Vice Chairman of Supervielle Seguros, Vice Chairman of Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros,Vice Chairman of Sofital, Vice Chairman of Espacio Cordial de Servicios, Vice Chairman of Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U., Vice Chairman of Invertironline S.A.U., Vice Chairman of Bolsillo Digital, Vice Chairman of Supervielle Agente de Negociación and Director of IOL Holding, subsidiaries of Grupo Supervielle. In 2003, he joined the law firm Cabanellas-Etchebarne-Kelly as a Senior Partner of the Banking and Capital Markets divisions. In 1997, he worked at the London-based global law firm Linklaters & Paines. He worked in New York City as a Foreign Associate at the law firm White & Case in 1987 and Simpson Thatcher & Bartlett from 1988-1989. Previously, he joined the law firm Cárdenas, Cassagne & Asociados and was made Partner in 1990. He has extensive experience advising banks and other financial entities, corporations and governments with respect to all types of international and domestic banking and financial transactions. Atilio is a lawyer, with degrees in Political Science and Agricultural Production. He also completed the Program of Instruction for Lawyers at Harvard Law School. He is a Professor at the Master’s in Business Law program at Universidad de San Andrés, as well as a member of the Bar Association of the city of Buenos Aires. Mr. Dell’Oro Maini brings to the Board more than 31 years of experience in the legal and financial sectors with extensive expertise in mergers and acquisitions, international capital market transactions and strategic financial issues. Mr. Dell’Oro Maini offers the company valuable perspective and guidance in corporate governance, regulatory framework and Board effectiveness. He also has significant knowledge and direct involvement in issues related to CSR/ESG initiatives.

Eduardo Pablo Braun is an industrial engineer from the University of Buenos Aires, where he won the “Bunge & Born” scholarship for his academic excellence. He holds an MBA with emphasis in Finance and Marketing from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, 1990. He is an international speaker on leadership, culture and innovation, a business consultant and author of “People First Leadership,” edited in English, Spanish and Chinese. He has taught in programs at UC Berkeley, as a special guest at prestigious institutions such as IMD, Babson College, Yale School of Management and he has lectured in various academic and business forums in Singapore, Dubai, Germany and the United States, among other countries. He was a professor at UCA (Universidad Católica Argentina) and Universidad de San Andrés. Between January 2016 and December 2019 he served as Director of Aeropuertos Argentina

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2000 appointed by the Argentine Government. He was Director of HSM Group between 1999 and 2011, as Head of Global Programs and Speaker Relations. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the multinational Cuvelier Los Andes Vineyards. In 2018 he was responsible for creating and leading the Advisory Board for the design of the Innovation Park of the City of Buenos Aires. Previously he was a founding partner of MIG, a management consulting firm, specializing in strategy and business development. His experience as a management consultant began with Booz Allen & Hamilton in their Paris office in 1990, where he worked on various projects for Europe, Brazil and Argentina, combining his experience as a consultant with executive positions. He participates or has participated in several NGOs including the Clinton Global Initiative of which he was a member for 5 years and EMA (Esclerosis Múltiple Argentina). He is a member of the Board of ICANA (Instituto Cultural Argentino Norteamericano) and President of the G25 Foundation. Currently, he serves as an Independent Director of Grupo Supervielle S.A. Mr. Braun provides to our Board of Directors his expertise in corporate governance, strategy and organizational culture, including his international business experience of working experience based in Europe and as Director of an international company in the knowledge economy. As author and international speaker Mr. Braun has helped companies understand and tackle their cultural challenges. Mr. Braun also has experience serving as an outside Director of a subsidiary of a public company.

José María Orlando studied Business Administration at Universidad Católica Argentina. He worked as an officer of Bank Boston between 1986 and 1996, holding different positions in Buenos Aires, London and Boston in the areas of Finance, Treasury and Investment Banking. From 1996 to 1998, he served as CFO and Head of Global Markets for Deutsche Bank, DMG in Argentina. In 2000 he became CFO and CIO of Zurich Argentina. In 2005 he became Corporate Development Director and in 2007 he became CEO and Chairman of Zurich Argentina. In 2010, he was appointed as Latin America CEO of Zurich Global Life. During that term, he also served as Board Member of Zurich-Santander Insurance Americas in several countries. Since 2015, he has been the owner of Deal Financial Services, a consultancy firm rendering advisory services in brokerage, asset management, capital markets and mutual funds to individuals, corporations and institutional investors. He also serves as Vice Chairman of the Board of CIPPEC (Center for Research on Public Policies for Equity and Growth) and is a Director of Clodinet S.A. (Pilara). He is a member of the Board of Colegio Madre Teresa and is Co-Founder and First President of Voces y Ecos, an NGO focused on Media. In the past he was also a Member of the Administration Council and Treasurer of Universidad Católica Argentina; Director of Escuelas de Liderazgo Universitario; Member of the Executive Investment Committee of Máxima AFJP; Member of the Financial Matters Committee of the Argentine Banking Association; Member of the Board of Mercado Abierto Electrónico S.A. and Member of the Administration Council of Club Newman. He has participated as a speaker at numerous international conferences and seminars in the United States, Europe, Latin America and Asia. Since August 2020 he is an Independent Director of Grupo Supervielle S.A. Mr. Orlando brings extensive local and international strategic and financial experience in commercial and investment banking, treasury, general and life insurance, asset management & brokerage through acting during more than 30 years in several international organizations as CFO, CEO, Director and shareholder. He brings also background in organizational leadership and culture.

Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer graduated from McGill University in Canada with an undergraduate degree in Business Administration and a master’s degree in Business Administration. She started her career in New York City at the Mergers and Acquisitions Division for Banque Nationale de Paris. Afterwards, in Paris, she joined the Apparel Division of Sara Lee Corporation, where she held a number of financial positions in different business units including Financial Analyst, Financial Controller, Chief Financial Officer and European Controller. When Sara Lee Corporation sold its European Apparel Division in 2006, she served as Group Controller of the newly created stand-alone business with responsibilities in the reorganization, financial control, definition and implementation of exit strategies for the private equity fund. In 2009, as a result of her move to Argentina, she joined Banco Supervielle S.A. as Deputy Manager of the Administration Department until her nomination to the Board of Grupo Supervielle in March 2010. She served as independent Director of Grupo Supervielle S.A. between 2016 and 2019. In April 2020, she was appointed Independent Director of Grupo Supervielle. In April 2021, she was appointed Director of Grupo Supervielle. To date, she serves as independent Director of Biosidus (a biotech company),Peugeot Citröen Insurance Company and Vitalis Pharmaceuticals Holding (Spain). Ms. Loyer brings to our Board of Directors extensive international business experience in a variety of industries. In addition, she brings expertise in financial control, market discipline and audit, including experience gained as Chief Financial Officer in a public company. She also brings expertise in global corporate governance and strategy. Ms. Loyer also has experience serving as outside Director on other Boards.

Hugo Enrique Santiago Basso is an Industrial Engineer graduated from Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA) and holds an MBA from The Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania. He began his career at Banco Banex in 2004, where he successfully managed the merger project with Société Générale Argentina. In 2007 he led the startup of the ‘Cordial Negocios’ unit, with a focus on microfinancing. Then, he continued his career in the consultancy area working for Mars & Co., with responsibilities in competitive strategy for CPG multinationals. For the last nine years, he has been residing in California, United States of America, having developed a successful career in the financial area for the wine industry in high-end brands. After working for Treasury Wine Estates and E&J Gallo, he joined Jackson Family Wines, currently overseeing thier Costing and Inventory for a portfolio of twenty luxury wineries. He is Director of Grupo Supervielle S.A., and Espacio Cordial.

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Matías Jules Bernard Supervielle studied Mechanical Engineering at Princeton University. From 2019 to 2020 he served as Associate Consultant at Bain & Co. From 2020 to 2022 he was Regional Strategy Manager of Kavak Startup dedicated to the purchase, sale and reconditioning of pre-owned cars. Since 2022 he has been CEO & CO-Founder of Volanti, a management and sales company for cars repair shop and is currently Director of Invertironline S.A.U.

Jacques Patrick Supervielle holds a degree in Business Administration from the Argentine Catholic University. He has experience in the financial area and is a Qualified Investment Advisor before the CNV at InvertirOnline S.A.U. He worked in project management, development of financial product applications and application of agile methodologies for IUDU. He participated in the development of smart contracts in Blockchain. He is Director at Supervielle Asset Management S.A. and President of the Association of Argentine Banks (ADEBA Joven).

Duties and Liabilities of Directors

Directors have the obligation to perform their duties with the loyalty and the diligence of a prudent business person. Under Section 274 of the Argentine General Corporations Law, directors are jointly and severally liable to the company, the shareholders and third parties for the improper performance of their duties, for breaching any law or the bylaws or regulations, if any, and for any damage to these parties caused by fraud, abuse of authority or gross negligence. The following are considered integral to a director’s duty of loyalty: (i) the prohibition on using corporate assets and confidential information for private purposes; (ii) the prohibition on taking advantage, or allowing another to take advantage, by action or omission, of the business opportunities of the company; (iii) the obligation to exercise board powers only for the purposes for which the law, the corporation’s bylaws or the shareholders’ or the Board of Directors’ resolutions were intended; and (iv) the obligation to take strict care so that acts of the board do not go, directly or indirectly, against the company’s interests. A director must inform the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Committee of any conflicting interest he or she may have in a proposed transaction and must abstain from voting thereon.

In general, a director will not be held liable for a decision of the Board of Directors, even if that director participated in the decision or had knowledge of the decision, if (i) there is written evidence of the director’s opposition to the decision and (ii) the director notifies the Supervisory Committee of that opposition. However, both conditions must be satisfied before the liability of the director is claimed before the Board of Directors, the Supervisory Committee or the shareholders or relevant authority or the commercial courts.

Section 271 of the Argentine General Corporations Law allows directors to enter into agreements with the company that relate to such director’s activity and under arms’ length conditions. Agreements that do not satisfy any of the foregoing conditions must have prior approval of the Board of Directors (or the Supervisory Committee in the absence of board quorum) and must be notified to the shareholders at a shareholders’ meeting. If the shareholders reject the agreement, the directors or the members of the Supervisory Committee, as the case may be, shall be jointly and severally liable for any damages to the company that may result from such agreement. Agreements that do not satisfy the conditions described above and are rejected by the shareholders are null and void, without prejudice to the liability of the directors or members of the Supervisory Committee for any damages to the company.

The acts or agreements that a company enters into with a related party involving a relevant amount shall fulfill the requirements set forth in Section 72 and 73 of the Argentine Capital Markets Law. Under Section 72, the directors and syndics (as well as their ascendants, descendants, spouses, brothers or sisters and the companies in which any of such persons may have a direct or indirect ownership interest) are deemed to be a related party. A relevant amount is considered to be an amount which exceeds 1% of the net worth of the company as per the latest balance sheet. The Board of Directors or any of its members shall require from the audit committee a report stating if the terms of the transaction may be reasonably considered adequate in relation to normal market conditions. The company may resolve regarding the compliance of above-mentioned requirements with prior report of two independent evaluating firms on that matter. The Board of Directors shall make available to the shareholders the report of the audit committee or of the independent evaluating firms, as the case may be, at the main office on the business day after the board’s resolution was adopted and shall communicate such fact to the shareholders of the company in the respective market bulletin. The vote of each director shall be stated in the minutes of the Board of Directors approving the transaction. The transaction shall be submitted to the approval of the shareholders of the company when the audit committee or both evaluating firms have not considered the terms of the transaction to be reasonably adequate in relation to normal market conditions. In the case where a shareholder demands compensation for damages caused by a breach of Section 73, the burden of proof shall be placed on the defendant to prove that the act or agreement was in accordance to the market conditions or that the transaction did not cause any damage to the company. The transfer of the burden of proof shall not be applicable when the transaction has been approved by the Board of Directors with the favorable opinion of the audit committee or the two evaluating firms or if the transaction has been approved by the ordinary shareholders’ meeting without the decisive vote of the shareholder in respect of which the condition of a related party is met or has an interest in the act or contract at issue.

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Causes of action may be initiated against directors if so decided at a meeting of the shareholders. If a cause of action has not been initiated within three months of a shareholders’ resolution approving its initiation, any shareholder may start the action on behalf and on the company’s account. A cause of action against the directors may be also initiated by shareholders who object to the approval of the performance of such directors if such shareholders represent, individually or in the aggregate, at least 5% of the company’s capital stock.

Except in the event of a mandatory liquidation or bankruptcy, shareholder approval of a director’s performance, or express waiver or settlement approved by the shareholders’ meeting, terminates any liability of a director vis-à-vis the company, provided that shareholders representing at least 5% of the company’s capital stock do not object and provided further that such liability does not result from a breach of law or the company’s bylaws.

Under Argentine law, the Board of Directors is in charge of the company’s management and administration and, therefore, makes any and all decisions in connection therewith, as well as those decisions expressly provided for in the Argentine General Corporations Law, the company’s bylaws and other applicable regulations. Furthermore, the board is generally responsible for the execution of the resolutions passed in shareholders’ meetings and for the performance of any particular task expressly delegated by the shareholders.

Meetings, Quorum, Majorities

Our Board of Directors must hold a minimum of one regularly scheduled meeting every three months. Meetings must also be convened when called by any member of our Board of Directors. The quorum for a Board of Directors’ meeting is the majority of its members. Our Board of Directors will pass resolutions by the affirmative vote of the majority of members present. Pursuant to our bylaws our directors may participate in a meeting of our Board of Directors by means of a communication system that provides for a simultaneous transmission of sound, images and words. Directors participating by such means count for quorum purposes for all meetings and all matters of agenda, therefore the board will pass resolutions by the affirmative vote of the majority of members present either physically or by means of such communication system.

Incentive-based Plan for Senior Management and Directors

In 2022, we established a long-term plan for certain senior executives of our Banking business unit in order to achieve the objectives established in the framework of our strategic pillars which relate to efficiency, digital adoption, customer experience, funding, customer acquisition, and asset quality. This incentive plan consists of a retirement insurance policy and sets forth certain objectives to be achieved during 2022, 2023 and 2024.

In March 2022, IOL Holding, IOL Agente de Valores S.A.U. and Invertironline S.A.U. approved a long-term incentive program for their senior management and employees who are responsible for the success in the management and operation of their respective businesses. This program offers incentives based on the increase in the companies’ equity value.

Independence Criteria of Directors

In accordance with the provisions of Section 4, Chapter I, Title XII “Transparencia en el Ámbito de la Oferta Pública” and Section 11, Chapter III, Title II “Órganos de Administración y Fiscalización, Auditoría Externa” of the CNV Rules, we are required to report to the shareholders’ meeting, prior to vote the appointment of any director, the status of such director as either “independent” or “non-independent.”

The members of the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Committee of companies admitted to the public offering regime in Argentina must inform the CNV within ten (10) business days from the date of their appointment whether such members of the Board of Directors or the Supervisory Committee are “independent” pursuant to CNV standards.

Pursuant to the CNV Rules, a director is not considered independent in certain situations, including where a director:

| (1) | is also a member of the board of the parent company or another company belonging to the same economic group of the issuer through a preexisting relationship at the time of his or her election, or if said relationship had ceased to exist during the previous three years;

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| (2) | is or has been associated with the company or any of its shareholders having a direct or indirect “significant participation” on the same, or with corporations with which also the shareholders also have a direct or indirect “signification participation”; or if he or she was associated with them through an employment relationship during the last three years;

| (3) | has any professional relationship or is a member of a corporation that maintains frequent professional relationships of significant nature and volume, or receives remuneration or fees (other than the one received in consideration of his performance as a director) from the company or its shareholders having a direct or indirect “significant participation” on the same, or with corporations in which the shareholders also have a direct or indirect “significant participation.” This prohibition includes professional relationships and affiliations during the last three years prior to his or her appointment as director;

| (4) | directly or indirectly owns 5% or more of shares with voting rights and/or a capital stock of the company or any company with a “significant participation” in it;

| (5) | directly or indirectly sells and/or provides goods and/or services (different from those accounted for in section c)) on a regular basis and of a significant nature and volume to the company or to its shareholders with direct or indirect “significant participation,” for higher amounts than his or her remuneration as a member of the board of directors. This prohibition includes business relationships that have been carried out during the last three years prior to his or her appointment as director;

| (6) | has been a director, manager, administrator or principal executive of not-for-profit organizations that have received funds, for amounts greater than those described in section I) of article 12 of Resolution No. 30/2011 of the UIF and its amendments, from the company, its parent company and other companies of the same group of which it is a part, as well as of the principal executives of any of them;

| (7) | receives any payment, including the participation in plans or stock option schemes, from the company or companies of the same economic group, other than the compensation paid to him or her as a director, except dividends paid as a shareholder of the company in the terms of section d) and the corresponding to the consideration set forth in section e);

| (8) | has served as director at the company, its parent company or another company belonging to the same economic group for more than ten years. If said relationship had ceased to exist during the previous three years, the independent condition will be recovered;

| (9) | is the spouse or legally recognized partner, relative up to the third level of consanguinity or up to the second level of affinity of persons who, if they were members of the board of directors, would not be independent, according to the above listed criteria.

Pursuant to the CNV Rules, a director who, after his or her appointment, falls into any of the circumstances indicted above, must immediately report to the issuer, which must inform the CNV and the authorized markets where it lists its negotiable securities immediately upon the occurrence of the event or upon the instance becoming known. In all cases, the references made to “significant participation” set forth in the aforementioned independence criteria will be considered as referring to those individuals who hold shares representing at least 5% of the capital stock and or the vote, or a smaller amount when they have the right to elect one or more directors by share class or have other shareholders agreements relating to the government and administration of the company or of its parent company; while those relating to the “economic group” correspond to the definition contained in section e) subsection 3, chapter V, Title II of the CNV Rules.

The Argentine independence standards under the CNV Rules differ in many ways from U.S. federal securities law and NYSE standards.

Additionally, the Buenos Aires Professional Council of Economic Sciences (Consejo Profesional de Ciencias Económicas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires or “CPCECABA”) also established certain requirements regarding the independence of public accountants which act as members of the Supervisory Committee. Pursuant to regulations issued by the CPCECABA and the CNV, syndics must be independent from the company that they are auditing. A syndic will not be independent if he/she:

| (i) | is the owner, partner, director, administrator, manager or employee of the company or economically related entities;

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| (ii) | is the spouse or relative (collateral until fourth grade), or relatives by affinity until second grade, of one of the owners, partners, directors, administrators or managers;

| (iii) | is a shareholder, debtor, creditor or guarantor of the company or economically related entities, representing a significant amount if compared with its own wealth or the company’s net equity;

| (iv) | possesses a significant amount of interest in the company or economically related entities (or if it has had such interest during the period to be audited);

| (v) | if the remuneration depends on or is contingent with the conclusions or results of its auditing work;

| (vi) | if the remuneration agreed depends on the result of the operations of the company.

Currently, Julio Patricio Supervielle, Atilio Dell’Oro Maini, Emérico Alejandro Stengel, Hugo Enrique Santiago Basso and Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer are non-independent, whereas Eduardo Pablo Braun and José María Orlando are independent members of our board according to the criteria established by the CNV. However, Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer is independent according to the U.S. federal securities law and the NYSE standards. See “—Audit Committee” for further details about independence requirements of the members of our Audit Committee.

Corporate Governance

We have adopted a Corporate Governance Code to put into effect corporate governance best practices, which are based on strict standards regarding transparency, efficiency, ethics, investor protection and equal treatment of investors. The Corporate Governance Code follows the guidelines established by the CNV and the Central Bank. We have also adopted a Code of Ethics and an Internal Conduct Code, each designed to establish guidelines with respect to professional conduct, morals and employee performance.

Officers

Our management is comprised of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Julio Patricio Supervielle, who reports to our Board of Directors, and is in charge of ensuring that the different companies in Grupo Supervielle function in a coordinated manner, with synergy and efficiency, applying the strategic guidelines defined for each business unit; the Bank’s CEO, Emérico Alejandro Stengel who is responsible for developing and executing the Bank’s business plans, enhancing key capabilities and increasing operational efficiency; our chief financial officer (“CFO”), Mariano Biglia, who is in charge of the accounting, tax and planning divisions; our Chief of Human Resources, Casandra Giuliano and our Chief Technology Officer (“CTO”), Sergio Mazzitello. Our Treasurer and IRO, Ana Bartesaghi, also reports to the CEO.

Our Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”), Javier Conigliaro, the Head of Internal Audit, Sergio Gustavo Vázquez, our Chief of Legal Affairs, Celeste Ibañez, our Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”), Sergio Landro, our Compliance & AML Officer, Moira Almar, and our Sustainability Officer, Verónica de los Heros, all report to our Board of Directors.

Chief Executive Officer

Name |  | Office |  | Profession |  | Date of Birth
Julio Patricio Supervielle |  | Chief Executive Officer |  | Business Administration |  | December 13, 1956

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Senior Management that report to the CEO

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Name |  | Office |  | Profession |  | Date of Birth
Emérico Alejandro Stengel |  | CEO of the Bank |  | Industrial Engineer |  | December 17, 1962
Mariano Biglia |  | Chief Financial Officer |  | Public Accountant |  | December 16, 1978
Casandra Giuliano |  | Chief of Human Resources |  | Human Resources |  | December 16, 1971
Sergio Mazzitello |  | Chief Technology Officer |  | Information Systems |  | February 21, 1965

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Senior Management that report to the Board of Directors

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Name |  | Office |  | Profession |  | Date of Birth
Javier Conigliaro |  | Chief Risk Officer |  | Economist |  | November 16, 1964
Sergio Gustavo Vázquez |  | Head of Internal Audit |  | Business Administration and Public Accountant |  | May 1, 1974
Celeste Ibañez | ​ | Chief of Legal Affairs | ​ | Lawyer | ​ | August 11, 1977
Sergio Landro |  | Chief Information Security Officer |  | Information Systems |  | June, 4, 1967
Moira Almar |  | Compliance & AML Officer |  | Lawyer |  | December 6, 1968
Verónica de los Heros | ​ | Sustainability Officer | ​ | Hospitality management | ​ | May 7, 1970

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The CEO has five main responsibilities: (i) creating value for shareholders by monitoring the business units, (ii) bringing innovation to the provision of financial services, (iii) making sure that we deliver high quality and cost competitive services, (iv) leveraging key resources to provide support for the business units and (v) planning and executing acquisitions and alliances that fit into the corporate strategy.

The Bank’s CEO is responsible for developing and executing the Bank’s business plans and customer centric strategy, enhancing key capabilities and increasing operational efficiency. He leads the Bank’s digital transformation program, ensuring its adequate implementation organization-wide. He is also responsible for implementing the policies and the strategic goals defined by the Bank’s Board of Directors, as well as for providing recommendations to the Board regarding future plans and the annual budget.

The CFO directs and oversees the controlling, accounting, tax divisions and central services. The controlling division is responsible for continuous evaluations of short-term and long-term strategic financial objectives, capital planning, preparing financial trends analyses and analyses of forecasts, budgets and costs. The accounting division monitors compliance with generally accepted accounting principles and applicable federal, state and local regulations and laws, and rules for financial reporting. The tax division is responsible for tax planning, compliance with federal and state tax regulations and acts as advisor to business segments in the development of new products for tax matters.

The Chief of Human Resources is responsible for the design and implementation of human capital strategies. The human resource manager is in charge of global human resource policies across all business units. He functions as a strategic partner of top management to ensure that we attract and retain the talent necessary to achieve business growth. The Chief of Human Resources’ main strategies are: consolidating our talent pool, developing a sustainable organization focused on clients and with competitive remuneration packages, spreading the Supervielle culture, which breeds innovation, work ethic, empowerment and merit recognition and maintaining high morale among employees.

The Chief Technology Officer is responsible for leading the IT administration, and in turn establish a solid relationship between IT and business areas to deliver added value to the organization and ensure compliance with digital transformation objectives, under a technological architecture framework. The CTO also leads the digital transformation of the core business with agile methodologies and organization by tribes to contribute with the vision of becoming a technological company.

The Treasurer & Investor Relations Officer (“IRO”) heads the Treasury and Investor Relations division. As Treasurer is responsible for the company liquidity position and funding strategies, and as IRO is responsible for preparing and providing financial information to, and coordinating with, regulatory bodies and both domestic and international investors and analysts.

The Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”) is responsible for overseeing the governance and framework for global risk management across the different companies of Grupo Supervielle. In addition, the CRO provides independent guidance for managing the overall risks, including credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk and operational risks, reputational risk and cybersecurity risks in order to ensure that our business is in line with the regulatory requirements. The CRO is also responsible for establishing the global credit risk policies and the soundness of the credit approval process across all business units.

The Head of Internal Audit is responsible, across all business units, for the audit process, evaluating and advising on internal control, corporate governance and risk management, in order to ensure compliance with laws, regulations and internal policies, contributing to the availability of reliable financial information, and the effectiveness and efficiency of operations, within the framework of the strategic objectives.

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The Chief of Legal Affairs is in charge of ensuring that each of our businesses complies with internal policies and procedures within the legal framework established by regulatory authorities and with the applicable contractual requirements. In addition, the Chief of Legal Affairs provides legal advice to Grupo Supervielle and each of its subsidiaries regarding business development, the prevention of legal risk and conflict resolution.

The Chief Information Security Officer is responsible for ensuring an adequate management of information security, through the establishment and implementation of security policies, procedures, standards and controls over the information assets of Grupo Supervielle’s companies, and thus protect their infrastructures, digital channels and information assets through a holistic approach based on threat intelligence.

The Compliance & AML Officer is responsible for developing, implementing and overseeing the Ethics and Compliance program. This program includes promoting an ethical corporate culture, monitoring the adherence to the Code of Ethics and verifying the effective enforcement of the anticorruption policy. The Compliance Officer conducts a regular risk analysis in order to adapt the Ethics and Compliance Program after monitoring and evaluating its effectiveness.

The Sustainability Officer promotes a sustainable culture that contributes to value creation for the different stakeholders with which Grupo Supervielle develops its activities and to position the company as a benchmark for best practices.

The following are academic and professional backgrounds of our management members.

Mariano Biglia has been Chief Financial Officer of Grupo Supervielle since June 2020. He joined Grupo Supervielle as head of financial reporting in 2010, and since 2016 has served as head of administration, tax and finance, leading the financial reporting team for Supervielle’s IPO and Follow On. Earlier, he held several positions within the Techint Group, where he worked on the IPO of Tenaris and Ternium and served as Controller of Ternium’s US subsidiary. He is a Certified Public Accountant with a degree from the University of Buenos Aires, holds an Advanced Management Program degree (AMP) from Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University and is a CFA charterholder.

Sergio Mazzitello is Chief Technology Officer of Grupo Supervielle.  He joined Supervielle in December 2019. Previously he served since 2014 as Chief Information Officer in Naranja, from Grupo Galicia. He also held several executive level positions leading cross-functional international teams, in the areas of Business, Operations, and IT. He holds a degree in Information Systems from the University of Buenos Aires, a master’s in business administration from IDEA and more than 28 years’ experience in the payments industry and in financial services.

Casandra Giuliano has been appointed Chief Human Resources Officer of Grupo Supervielle and Banco Supervielle S.A. as of September 2022. She has over 20 years of experience designing talent management strategies, development, and organizational transformation processes with an innovative and holistic vision. Prior to that, she held the positions of Culture and Talent Manager at Banco Galicia and Cultural Transformation Manager for 2 years at the same company, implementing agile methodologies, creating new operating models, and leading the transformation process of traditional operations towards Data Driven models. She previously served as HR Advisory Manager at Banco Galicia, HR, Quality and Organization Manager at Galicia Seguros and HR Manager at BGH. She obtained a Degree in Labor Relations from Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and has specialized in the field of Human Resources at financial institutions. She obtained a Postgraduate Degree in Human Resources Strategic Management at the Instituto para el Desarrollo Empresarial de la Argentina (IDEA), in addition to a Management Development Program at the Instituto de Altos Estudios Empresariales (IAE).

Javier Conigliaro has been Chief Risk Officer of Grupo Supervielle since July 2016. He served as Chief Risk Officer of Banco Supervielle S.A. from 2012 through 2016. He held previous several positions at Banco Supervielle S.A., Head of Corporate Risk in Société Générale Argentina, Credit Risk Senior analyst in SocGen New York and in Beal WestLB Argentina. With overall 34 years of experience in the risk industry within financial institutions, Mr. Conigliaro is an economist with graduate studies from the University of Buenos Aires, he attended the Executive Education Program in Risk Management at Kellogg School of Management & PRMIA and the Management Development Program at Universidad Austral – IAE Business School. He reports to our Board of Directors.

Sergio Gustavo Vázquez has been Head of Internal Audit since March 2019.  Prior to his appointment he was Audit Director at Banco Itaú and its subsidiaries in Argentina, from June 2013 to March 2018, and he added responsibilities as Head of Audit Northern Hemisphere Subsidiaries since 2017. He also held several positions within the Audit area in Itaú from 1998 to 2013 where he served as Latam Audit System Supervisor in Itaú Latam Subsidiaries, among others. He developed an extensive career with a scope of Risk,

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Finance, Analytics and IT. He holds degrees in Business Administration and Public Accountant from the University of Buenos Aires and an MBA from the IAE. He also obtained international certifications as Internal Auditor “CIA” from the Institute of Internal Auditors in 2001 and as Information System Auditor “CISA” from ISACA in 2006.

Celeste Ibañez was appointed Chief Legal Officer of Grupo Supervielle in March 2024. Until then, she served as Head of Santander Argentina’s Internal Governance department, Intellectual Property and Market Relations Manager and Head of Responsible Banking/ESG. Furthermore, she was a member of the board of directors of Gire S.A. (Rapipago) and of the Santander Foundation. Previously, she was a senior lawyer position in the legal teams of Corporate & Investment Banking, Strategy Projects, and IT Development. Among her areas of expertise are legal, regulatory, corporate governance, banking and finance, risk management and responsible banking. As Responsible for Internal Governance, she gained experience in supporting the boards of directors of Santander Argentina and the subsidiaries of the Santander Group in Argentina. She is member of Women Corporate Directors Argentina. Mrs. Ibañez graduated from Universidad de Buenos Aires and obtained a master’s degree in finance at Universidad del CEMA. In addition, she obtained a Certificate Study in New Digital Businesses from Universidad de San Andrés and attended a Green Bonds and Sustainable Finance Program at Universidad del CEMA and a Board Participation Program at IDEA Business School. She is director of Mila and Portal Integral de Inversiones.

Sergio Landro has been Chief Information Security Officer of Grupo Supervielle since October 2022. Sergio is responsible for the definition and management of the strategic information security plan for all the companies of Grupo Supervielle. Previously he held the positions of Director of Information Security for LATAM, at FirstData, a multinational company dedicated to processing means of payment and Director of Systems Audit at PricewaterhouseCoopers. With more than 33 years of experience in the field of information security, Mr. Landro holds a degree in computer science from the Universidad Argentina de la Empresa. His professional career focuses on financial and service entities through the creation and implementation of appropriate methodologies and frameworks that allow balancing business agility with information protection. He is focused on aspects such as IT risk management, innovation and contributions to the business, optimization of investments in security, and the reduction to an acceptable maximum of losses due to security incidents.

Moira Almar has been Compliance & AML Officer since October 2017. She previously served as the Head of Compliance at Banco Santander Rio from 2006 to 2017, having worked before in various compliance and commercial positions also at Santander Rio. Moira holds a Law Degree from the National University of La Plata, Masters in Banking Disciplines at the University of Siena - Italy and completed the Executive Management Development Program of the School of Business Management (EDDE / UADE). She has 26 years of industry experience and 18 in compliance. She reports directly to the Ethic, Compliance & Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors.

Ana Bartesaghi is Grupo Supervielle’s Treasurer and IRO since September 2011. She also serves as Director of Supervielle Seguros and Sofital. She was previously Head of Capital Markets at Banco Supervielle S.A. from 2004 to 2011 and she held prior positions at Citibank, Banco CMF, and Société Générale. She is a Certified Public Accountant from the University of Montevideo in Uruguay, and a post graduate degree in Economics from University of CEMA in Buenos Aires. She has 31 years of industry experience.

Verónica de los Heros is Sustaintability Officer since 2022. She is responsible for designing, developing, and managing the Sustainability strategy of the Group and its subsidiaries. Previously, she worked for 10 years as Quality Chief and Quality Manager at IAE Business School, Universidad Austral, where she coordinated the establishment and control of quality standards for executive programs and masters, among other activities. She has completed several executive training programs, including the Development Program for Directors (“Programa de Desarrollo Directivo”) at IAE Business School, the Executive Program of Management of Quality of Service Companies (“Programa Ejecutivo de Gestión de Calidad en Empresas de Servicio”) at the Universidad Austral, and the Young Professionals Program (“Programa Jóvenes Profesionales”) at IAE Business School.

For the biographies of Mr. Julio Patricio Supervielle and Mr. Emérico Alejandro Stengel, see “—Board of Directors.”

Supervisory Committee

We have a monitoring body called the supervisory committee (“Supervisory Committee”). Our Supervisory Committee consists of three syndics and three alternate syndics appointed by the shareholders at our annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting. The syndics and their alternates are elected for a period of one year, and any compensation paid to our syndics must have been previously approved at an ordinary shareholders’ meeting. The term of office of the members of the Supervisory Committee expires on the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting to consider our financial statements as of December 31, 2023.

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Pursuant to the Argentine General Corporations Law, only lawyers and accountants admitted to practice in Argentina and domiciled in Argentina or civil partnerships composed of such persons may serve as syndics in an Argentine sociedad anónima, or limited liability corporation.

The primary responsibilities of the Supervisory Committee are to monitor compliance with the Argentine General Corporations Law, the bylaws, its regulations, if any, and the shareholders’ resolutions, to supervise the administration of the company and to perform other functions, including, but not limited to: (i) attending shareholders’ and Board of Directors’ meetings, (ii) calling extraordinary shareholders’ meetings when deemed necessary and ordinary and special shareholders’ meetings when not called by the Board of Directors, (iii) monitoring the company’s corporate records and other documents, and (iv) investigating written complaints of shareholders. In performing these functions, the Supervisory Committee does not control our operations or assess the merits of the decisions made by the Board of Directors.

The following chart shows the members of our Supervisory Committee appointed by the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 19, 2024. According to Technical Resolution No. 15 of the Argentine Federation of Professional Counsel of Economic Sciences and Section III, Chapter III of Title II of the CNV Rules, all of our syndics and alternate syndics are independent. All of the members of our Supervisory Committee were appointed for the term of one year, until the annual shareholders’ meeting that considers the financial statements corresponding to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

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Name |  | Office |  | Beginning Date of Office |  | Date of Birth
Enrique José Barreiro |  | Syndic |  | June 8, 2009 |  | December 5, 1945
Carlos Alfredo Ojeda |  | Syndic |  | July 25, 2019 |  | January 17,1944
Valeria Del Bono Lonardi |  | Syndic |  | April 24, 2018 |  | September 6, 1965

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Name |  | Office |  | Beginning Date of Office |  | Date of Birth
Carlos Enrique Lose |  | Alternate Syndic |  | June 8, 2009 |  | October 2,1943
Roberto Aníbal Boggiano |  | Alternate Syndic |  | June 8, 2009 |  | September 1,1955
Jorge Antonio Bermúdez |  | Alternate Syndic |  | April 28, 2020 |  | March 12, 1946

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The following are academic and professional backgrounds of the Supervisory Committee members:

Enrique José Barreiro holds a degree in Accountancy graduated from Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. From 1969 until May 2000, he worked at Banco Tornquist/Credit Lyonnais, where he held the position of Assistant Accountant. From June 2000 until June 2007, he held the position of Assistant Accountant and General Accountant at Banco San Luis/Banco Banex S.A. He currently serves as a Syndic of Grupo Supervielle S.A., Banco Supervielle S.A., Sofital S.A.U.F. e I., Espacio Cordial, Supervielle Seguros S.A., Micro Lending S.A.U., InvertirOnline S.A.U., Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U., Bolsillo Digital and Supervielle Agente de Negociación.

Carlos Alfredo Ojeda holds a degree in Accountancy graduated from Universidad de Buenos Aires. He was an Internal Audit Manager of the International Division of Gillette Company until 1977, and worked in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Perú. He was a partner of a major local audit firm until 1995. He is a consultant on audit and corporate issues and has an active participation in management and control aspects of corporations in various industries. He has lectured at Universidad de Buenos Aires, including courses on Financial Planning and Budget Control and Audit and Management Control. He was also a speaker at various seminars and courses in his areas of specialty. He is a co-author of Auditoría – Técnica y Práctica and Normas para la Presentación de Estados Contables de Sociedades por Acciones. He is also a contributor to the publication Doctrina Societaria y Concursal. He currently serves as Syndic of Grupo Supervielle S.A.

Valeria Del Bono Lonardi is a Lawyer graduated from Universidad de Buenos Aires and attended other professional specialization courses, including the International Criminal Update Program at Universidad Austral (2009). She joined Salvi Law Firm in 1995 and since then has been dedicated to the counseling and practice of criminal law. Her professional specialization is mainly based on the dogmatic of criminal offenses, with permanent assistance to insurance companies and independent professionals; the elaboration of strategies and proposals of technical defenses in the framework of oral and public trials and the advice on the prevention of corporate fraud, particularly to banking and financial entities. She is a member of the Bar Association of Buenos Aires and of the Bar Association of San Isidro. She currently serves as a Syndic of Grupo Supervielle S.A. and as an Alternate Syndic of Banco Supervielle S.A.

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Carlos Enrique Lose holds a degree in Accountancy graduated from the Universidad de Buenos Aires. He worked for several years in the Audit Department of an important audit firm, and later dedicated to providing business advice. He was a lecturer at the Universidad de Buenos Aires’ School of Economics and has lectured courses at both public and private professional institutions. He is a founding partner of Bermúdez, Lose & Asociados. He has published different Works with specialized journals and is a co-author of the book Normas de Presentación de Estados Contables de Sociedades por Acciones. He currently serves as an Alternate Syndic of Grupo Supervielle S.A, Espacio Cordial, Micro Lending S.A.U., InvertirOnline S.A.U., Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U., Bolsillo Digital y Supervielle Agente de Negociación.

Roberto Aníbal Boggiano holds a degree in Accountancy graduated from Universidad de Buenos Aires. He attended post graduate seminars on planning and corporate taxation. He has worked at several companies, including Celulosa Jujuy S.A., where he was as an analyst accountant assistant, general accountant and chief of planning from 1978 to 1994; Sert S.A., where he served as the administrative manager from 1994 to 1995; and Estudio Carlos Asato y Asociados, where he was in charge of corporate taxation and advising from 1995 to 2011. He currently serves as an Alternate Syndic of Grupo Supervielle S.A. and as Syndic of Banco Supervielle S.A.

Jorge Antonio Bermúdez holds a degree in Accountancy from Universidad de Buenos Aires. After working in the Audit Department of a major firm, he specialized in the Consulting and Finance fields, where he held senior management positions at important service companies. Later on he became a full time advisor in these fields. He was also a professor at the School of Economics of Universidad de Buenos Aires and lectured courses in private entities in addition to those arranged by his own firm. At present, he is an alternate syndic of Grupo Supervielle S.A., Banco Supervielle S.A., Espacio Cordial, Micro Lending S.A.U., InvertirOnline S.A.U., Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U., Bolsillo Digital and Supervielle Agente de Negociación.

According to the provisions of Section 79 of the Argentine Capital Markets Law, listed companies which have an audit committee are allowed not to have a Supervisory Committee. Such decision may only be adopted by an extraordinary shareholders meeting with a special quorum and supermajority of 75% of the voting stock.

Compensation of Directors, Management and Supervisory Committee

Our shareholders fix our directors’ compensation, including their salaries and any additional wages arising from the directors’ permanent performance of any administrative or technical activity. Compensation of our directors is regulated by the Argentine General Corporations Law and the CNV regulations. Any compensation paid to our directors must have been previously approved at an ordinary shareholders’ meeting. Section 261 of the Argentine General Corporations Law provides that the compensation paid to all directors in a year may not exceed 5.0% of net income for such year, if the company is not paying dividends in respect of such net income. The Argentine General Corporations Law increases the annual limitation on director compensation to up to 25.0% of net income based on the amount of dividends, if any, that are paid. In the case of directors that perform duties at special committees or perform administrative or technical tasks, the aforesaid limits may be exceeded if a shareholders’ meeting so approves, such issue is included in the agenda, and is in accordance with the regulations of the CNV. In any case, the compensation of all directors and members of the supervisory committee requires shareholders’ ratification at an ordinary shareholders’ meeting.

We have not entered into employment contracts with the members of our Board of Directors, except for E. Alejandro Stengel as CEO of the Bank. We have assigned certain executive and technical-administrative functions to some of our directors. As of the date of this annual report, neither we, nor any of our affiliates, have entered into any agreement that provides for any benefit or compensation to any director after expiration of his or her term.

Our annual ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 19, 2024 resolved to delegate to our board of directors the authority to implement a stock option program in the future. The beneficiaries of this program are expected to be key officers of the Company and its subsidiaries.

The aggregate compensation paid to our directors, senior management and members of our Supervisory Committee in 2023 was approximately Ps.2,889.9 million, Ps.2,415.4 million and Ps.2.3 million, respectively.

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Audit Committee

Pursuant to the Argentine Capital Markets Law and its implementing regulations, we are required to have an audit committee consisting of at least three members of our Board of Directors with experience in business, finance, accounting, banking and audit matters. Under CNV regulations, at least a majority of the members of the audit committee must be independent directors.

As a foreign private issuer listed in the United States, our audit committee is composed of independent members designated by our Board of Directors, who are independent under Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. All three members of our audit committee are financially literate and Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer is a financial expert.

We will take the necessary measures to ensure that independent alternate members are available in order to fill possible vacancies. A quorum for a decision by the audit committee will require the presence of a majority of its members and matters will be decided by the vote of a majority of those present at the meeting. A chairperson of the committee must be appointed during the first meeting after members of the committee have been appointed. The chairperson of the committee may cast two votes in the case of a tie. Pursuant to our bylaws, audit committee members may participate in a meeting of the committee by means of a communication system that provides for a simultaneous transmission of sound, images and words, and members participating by such means count for quorum purposes and the committee will pass resolutions by the affirmative vote of the majority of members present either physically or by means of such communication system. If the committee holds meetings by means of such communication system, it must comply with the same requirements applicable to Board of Directors’ meetings held in such way. Decisions of the audit committee will be recorded in a special corporate book and will be signed by all members of the committee who were present at the meeting. Pursuant to Article 16 Section III Chapter III Title II of the CNV Rules, the audit committee must hold at least one regularly scheduled meeting every three months.

The Audit Commitee has a written charter that establishes its duties and responsibilities. The current charter was approved by our Board of Directors in May 2020.

Our audit committee performs the following duties and responsibilities among others:

| · | issues an opinion on the proposals made by the Board of Directors to the shareholders regarding the appointment of external auditors;

| ● | analyses the services rendered by the external auditors and their fees, ensures their independence, reviews their planning and evaluates their performance, issuing an opinion on this matter when the Group files its annual financial statements;

| ● | maintains an understanding of the internal audit policies to ensure that they are complete and up-to-date, and approves such policies, submitting them to the Board of Directors for their consideration and approval;

| ● | ensures and evaluates the performance of the Internal Audit function, establishing its human and budgetary resources, approves the annual internal audit plan and additional ad-hoc audits, and oversees compliance with the audit plan, issuing an opinion on the planning and performance of Internal Audit when the annual financial statements of the Company are filed;

| ● | ensures that the recommendations contained in audit reports are followed;

| ● | oversees the sufficiency, adequacy and effectiveness of the internal control systems, to ensure the reliability, reasonableness, adequacy and transparency of the financial statements and the financial and accounting information of Grupo Supervielle;

| ● | oversees the maintenance of adequate internal controls by each of Grupo Supervielle’s subsidiaries to minimize risk through the consolidation of best practices with respect to each of the businesses;

| ● | evaluates the quality of internal processes with the aim of overseeing the quality control of customer service, the risk control and the efficiency control in the operation of Grupo Supervielle;

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| ● | takes knowledge of Grupo Supervielle’s financial, reputational, legal and operational risks and oversees compliance with policies designed to mitigate them and with information policies on risk management;

| ● | assists the Board of Directors in the supervision of the financial statements, analyzing Grupo Supervielle’s financial statements and the consolidated financial statements with its controlled and associate companies prior to their presentation to the Board of Directors and with the necessary depth to assess their reasonableness, reliability and clarity;

| ● | supervises the reliability of the financial information and the information on significant events that are presented to the markets and control agencies;

| ● | assists the Board of Directors in supervising compliance with the established policies, processes, procedures and rules established by Grupo Supervielle and its controlled and associate companies;

| ● | takes knowledge of compliance with the applicable regulations in matters related to conduct in the securities markets, data protection, as well as that the requirements of the competent bodies on these matters are addressed in a timely and appropriate manner;

| ● | ensures that the Code of Ethics and Internal Codes of Conduct comply with current rules and regulations;

| ● | verifies the fulfillment of any applicable rules of conduct;

| ● | takes notice of complaints regarding accounting, internal control over financial reporting and auditing matters, received through the applicable procedures;

| ● | provides the market with complete information on transactions in which there may be a conflict of interest with members of our various corporate bodies or controlling shareholders;

| ● | issues grounded opinions on related-party transactions under certain circumstances and files such opinions with regulatory agencies as required by the CNV;

| ● | issues an opinion on the reasonableness of fees and stock option plans for our Directors and managers proposed by the Board of Directors;

| ● | issues a report before any decision of the Board of Directors to buyback shares of the Company;

| ● | issues an opinion on the fulfillment of legal requirements and on the reasonableness of the terms of the issuance of shares or other securities that are convertible into shares, in cases of capital increase in which preemptive rights are excluded or limited;

| ● | at least once a year and upon the filing of the Company´s annual financial statements, issues a report to the Board and shareholders addressing the work done to perform its duties, and the results of its work;

| ● | prepares an action plan for each fiscal year, which must be presented to the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Committee within sixty calendar days of the beginning of the fiscal year; and

| ● | performs all other duties stated in its charter, our bylaws, laws and regulations.

Members of the board, members of the Supervisory Committee and external independent accountants are required to attend the meetings of the audit committee if the audit committee so requests it, and are required to grant the audit committee full cooperation and information. The audit committee is entitled to hire experts and counsel to assist it in its tasks and has full access to all of our information and documentation that it may deem necessary.

The following chart shows the current membership of our Audit Committee:

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​

Name |  | Position |  | Profession |  | Status(1)
José María Orlando |  | Director, Chairperson of the Committee |  | Business Administration |  | Independent
Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer(2) | ​ | Director | ​ | Business Administration (Financial Expert) | ​ | Independent
Eduardo Pablo Braun |  | Director |  | Industrial Engineer and Business Administration |  | Independent

(1) | Pursuant to Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act.

(2) | As of the Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 27, 2021, Ms. Mengin de Loyer is a non-independent director pursuant to the CNV Regulations12 whereas she is an independent director pursuant to Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act.

Sergio Vazquez, our Head of Internal Audit, is the Secretary of the audit committee.

Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorist Finance Committee

We have an anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist finance committee consisting of three members of our Board of Directors. Decisions of the anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist finance committee are recorded in a special corporate book and signed by all members of the committee who were present at the meeting.

Among its duties, the anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist finance committee must:

| · | oversee compliance with current applicable anti-money laundering rules and ensure that Grupo Supervielle and its subsidiaries are in compliance with best practices related to anti-money laundering;

| · | take knowledge of the amendments to the applicable regulations and provide for the timely revision of the internal policies and procedures manuals accordingly;

| · | maintain an understanding of the best market anti-money laundering practices and oversee its implementation at Grupo Supervielle’s and its subsidiaries’ level;

| · | oversee compliance with disclosure of information to the competent authorities; and

| · | carry out all those functions established by the rules of the Financial Intelligence Unit and other applicable provisions on the matter.

The following table sets forth the members of the anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist finance committee.

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Name |  | Position
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini |  | Director, Chairman of the Committee, Responsible Officer before UIF
Emérico Alejandro Stengel |  | Director
Hugo Santiago Enrique Basso |  | Director
Moira Almar |  | Compliance & AML Officer, Secretary of the Committee

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Risk Management Committee

The risk management committee is composed of at least two directors and of members of our management team, and of management of our main subsidiaries.

​

Our risk management committee performs the following functions:

| · | develops strategies and policies for the management of credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, operational risk and other risks that could affect us, makes sure our strategies and policies are in line with regulations

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and best practices and oversees their correct implementation and enforcement and defines Grupo Supervielle’s risk appetite and tolerance and the global risk profile for the approval of the Board of Directors;

| · | approves limits relating to the management of credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk and liquidity risk, and monitors the evolution of key indicators relating to operational risk, which includes a map of risks used by the trading desk for trading operations and the map of risks for investment operations at a consolidated level;

| · | periodically monitors the risks that Grupo Supervielle faces and the application of strategies and policies designed to address such risks;

| · | defines the general criteria for pricing risk;

| · | evaluates the adequacy of capital with respect to Grupo Supervielle’s risk profile;

| · | defines policy and the methodological framework for performing stress tests with respect to risk management, approves scenarios for conducting individual stress tests for particular and general risks, evaluates and discusses the results of the stress tests that are presented and recommends contingency plans to address such risks, utilizes the results of the stress tests for the consideration of establishing or revising the limits and brings all of the results of the tests to the Board of Directors for approval;

| · | designs effective information channels and systems for the Board of Directors related to risk management;

·ensures that our subsidiaries’ management compensation plans incentivize a prudent level of each risk;

| · | approves risk management quantitative models and monitors the effectiveness of such models; and

| · | remains aware of the memos and rules related to risk published by each regulatory agency that regulates any of our subsidiaries, as well as understands the repercussions that the application of such memos or rules could have on our operations.

The following table sets forth the members of the risk management committee.

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Name |  | Position
​ | ​ | ​
Julio Patricio Supervielle |  | Chairman of the Committee, Chairman of the Board and CEO
Emérico Alejandro Stengel |  | Director
Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer |  | Director
Javier Conigliaro |  | Chief Risk Officer (CRO), Secretary of the Committee

​

​

Ethics, Compliance and Corporate Governance Committee

The ethics, compliance and corporate governance committee is tasked with assisting the Board of Directors in adopting the best practices of good corporate governance aimed at maximizing the growth capacity of Grupo Supervielle and its related companies and prevent the destruction of value. It also assists the Board of Directors in overseeing its Ethics and Compliance Program. Our ethics, compliance and corporate governance committee performs the following functions:

| · | prepares and submits to the Board of Directors for its approval the Code of Corporate Governance and the codes, policies and procedures with regards to Ethics and Compliance, aiming to a progressive convergence towards the international standards of ethics, compliance and corporate governance;

·proposes to the Board of Directors the agenda related to ethics and compliance;

·defines policies and procedures related to ethics and compliance;

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| · | promotes, follows-up and oversees the compliance with the Code of Corporate Governance, and with the codes, policies and procedures related to Ethics and Compliance and informs the Board of Directors of any deviations that may occur and makes recommendations accordingly;

·takes knowledge of all applicable regulations and their impact within Grupo Supervielle’s practices;

| · | makes recommendations to the Board of Directors on the gradual and progressive adoption of the provisions set forth by the CNV and the Central Bank regarding corporate governance standards;

| · | takes knowledge of the recommendations of the Basel Committee accords and makes recommendations to the Board of Directors for their gradual and progressive adoption;

·submits to the Board of Directors an Annual Report of Compliance with the Code of Corporate Governance;

| · | reviews the results of the inspections carried out by the Central Bank and any other regulatory bodies and addresses the observations of the external auditors as regards ethics, compliance and corporate governance issues;

| · | reports to the Board of Directors on the general situation of the Code of Corporate Governance, ethics and compliance as well as on incidents and complaints;

| · | proposes to the Board of Directors any changes to the terms of reference of the Board Committees in order to improve the execution of its objectives and functions;

| · | proposes policies and procedures to the Board of Directors for the assessment and self-evaluation of the Board and its members and of the board committees;

·defines policies and guidelines with regards to Grupo Supervielle’s related parties;

·revises from time to time the terms of the Code of Ethics and of the Code of Corporate Governance; and

·carries out any other acts within its competence, as may be requested by the Board of Directors.

The following table sets forth the members of the ethics, compliance and corporate governance committee.

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Name |  | Position
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini |  | Director, Chairman of the Committee
Laurence Mengin de Loyer |  | Director
Moira Almar |  | Compliance & AML Officer, Secretary of the Committee
Celeste Ibañez | ​ | Chief of Legal Affairs
Javier Conigliaro |  | Chief Risk Officer (CRO)
Sergio Vázquez |  | Head of Internal Audit
Agustina del Pilar González |  | Head of Corporate Affairs

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Nomination and Remuneration Committee

The Nomination and Remuneration Committee is composed of at least three directors. The Chairman of the Committee must be an independent director under the Regulations terms of the CNV.

The Nomination and Remuneration Committee performs the following functions:

| · | assists the Board of Directors in the nomination of Directors process and in the definition of criteria for identification and selection of qualified individuals to be candidates for the Board of Directors;

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| · | identifies and interviews candidates to be part of the Board of Directors and recommend candidates to the Board to be nominated at the shareholders’ meeting;

| · | coordinates the induction process for new members of the Board of Directors and Senior Management;

| · | dictates principles, parameters and guidelines of remuneration policies applicable to independent and non-independent members of the Board of Directors, Senior Management and staff in general, including (as the case may be) fee schemes, fixed and variable salaries and incentive plans, retirement plans and associated benefits, following current regulatory provisions;

| · | carries out an annual evaluation of the financial incentives system for Senior Management, which may be carried out by an independent firm. Work together with the Risk Management Committee in evaluating incentives generated by the aforementioned economic incentive system for personnel;

| · | prepares (in conjunction with the Ethics, Compliance & Corporate Governance Committee) criteria and guidelines for the Board’s self-evaluation process and review it periodically;

| · | coordinates implementation of the Board’s annual self-evaluation and prepare an annual report on the matter, in accordance with established evaluation guidelines and criteria. Also coordinate self-evaluation of the Board Committees performance;

| · | raises proposals for strategic human resources plans to the Board, including but not limited to, human capital development plans, incentive plans and / or monetary and non-monetary benefits, communication plans, labor relations plans and training plans and carry out periodic monitoring of the implementation of said strategic plans;

| · | dictates guidelines to conduct annual performance evaluations of personnel;

| · | submits proposals to the Board of Directors for appointments of senior managers of the companies of Grupo Supervielle (CEO, Deputy CEO and Senior Managers);

| · | promotes achievement of high standards of integrity and honesty on the part of all employees of Grupo Supervielle and its subsidiaries;

| · | approves and inform the Board of Directors of the contracting of insurance policies applicable to the Board of Directors and members of Senior Management;

| · | reviews the organizational structure of Grupo Supervielle and its subsidiaries;

| · | proposes recommendations to the Board of Directors regarding its composition; and

| · | exercises those other competencies assigned to this committee by the Board of Directors.

The following table sets forth the members of the Nominations and Remuneration Committee:

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Name |  | Position
Eduardo Pablo Braun |  | Independent Director, Chairman of the Committee
Julio Patricio Supervielle(1) |  | Chairman of the Board and CEO
Hugo Enrique Santiago Basso |  | Director
Laurence Mengin de Loyer |  | Director

(1) | Julio Patricio Supervielle is an executive Director in his capacity as CEO of Grupo Supervielle.

The Chief Human Resources Officer is the Secretary of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee.

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Disclosure Committee

The disclosure committee is responsible for the following tasks:

| · | supervise our system of controls and disclosure procedures to ensure that the information required to be made known to the public (directly or through regulatory bodies) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported accurately and in a timely manner;

| · | evaluate the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures to determine the need or desirability of making changes to those controls and procedures in relation to the preparation of the next periodic reports;

| · | review of any information related to any material fact that must be submitted to the Argentine Securities and Exchange Commission, the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange, the Mercado Abierto Electrónico S.A., the SEC, the New York Stock Exchange, the Argentine Central Bank, the Superintendency of Insurance, and any other regulatory body with which it interacts and which relates to (i) mandatory reports; (ii) press releases containing financial information, information on significant or material transactions; (iii) publication of relevant facts, (iv) oral communication and written correspondence for dissemination to shareholders and investors; and (v) any other relevant piece of information that should be communicated; and

| · | propose to the Board the policy for the management of confidential information and control its compliance, particularly that related to legal persons.

The following table sets forth the members of the disclosure committee.

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Name |  | Position
Julio Patricio Supervielle |  | Chairman of the Board and CEO, Chairman of the Committee
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini |  | Director
Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer |  | Director
Mariano Biglia |  | Chief Financial Officer (CFO)
Javier Conigliaro |  | Chief Risk Officer (CRO)
Celeste Ibañez | ​ | Chief of Legal Affairs
Ana Inés Bartesaghi Bender | ​ | Treasurer and Investor Relations Officer (IRO), Secretary of the Committee
Matías González Carrara | ​ | Head of Accountancy of Grupo Supervielle

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Committee for the Analysis of Operations with Related Parties

The committee for the analysis of operations with related parties has advisory and supervision powers to evaluate the operations to be performed between by Grupo Supervielle’s related parties as established in the Policy of Approval of Operations with related parties, connected counterparties and related persons in order to ensure that such operations are granted under the conditions required by the applicable regulations and in a transparent manner.

The following table sets forth the members of the committee for the analysis of operations with related parties.

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Name |  | Position
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini |  | Director, Chairman of the Committee
Julio Patricio Supervielle |  | Chairman of the Board and CEO
Javier Conigliaro | ​ | Chief Risk Officer (CRO)
Celeste Ibañez | ​ | Chief of Legal Affairs
Moira Almar | ​ | Compliance & AML Officer
Hernán Oliver | ​ | Head of Treasury and Global Markets at Banco Supervielle
Other upon invitation | ​ | CEO of any subsidiary which operation is under committee’s analysis

​

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Cybersecurity Committee

The main objectives of the Cybersecurity Committee are to evaluate and implement the policies that are proposed with regards to cybersecurity within the field of the Information Security, including the definitions of risk appetite and the risk map of information security. In addition, it must ensure compliance with these policies, including the contingency plans for cybersecurity events.

The following table sets forth the members of the cybersecurity committee.

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Name |  | Position
Julio Patricio Supervielle |  | Chairman of the Board and CEO, Chairman of the Committee
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini |  | Director
E. Alejandro Stengel |  | Director, CEO of Banco Supervielle
Sergio Mazzitello |  | Chief Technology Officer
Javier Conigliaro |  | Chief Risk Officer (CRO)
Sergio Landro |  | Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)
Others from management team |  | CIOs of Grupo Supervielle’s subsidiaries

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Banco Supervielle S.A.’s Board of Directors

Our main subsidiary, the Bank, is managed by its own Board of Directors, which is currently comprised of four members. As of the date of this annual report, the shareholders present at any annual ordinary meeting may determine the size of the Board of Directors, provided that there shall be no less than three and no more than nine directors, and appoint an equal or lesser number of alternate directors. Any director so appointed will serve for two years. The elections of the Bank’s Board of Directors are staggered. As of the date of this annual report, one half of the members of the Bank’s Board of Directors are elected each year. While directors generally serve two-year terms, in the event of an increase or decrease in the number of directors serving on the Bank’s board, the shareholders’ are authorized to appoint directors for a period of less than two years. Directors may be reelected and will remain on their duties until their replacements take their positions.

The Bank’s corporate governance model contains most of the recommendations made by the Central Bank and CNV regarding corporate governance. Such model provides guidelines regarding decision-making by the Bank’s Board of Directors, as well as certain guidelines for the committees reporting to the Board of Directors. Among other things, the guidelines incorporate provisions to the Board of Directors’ regulations, such as:

| · | The Board of Directors shall meet on a monthly basis in order to discuss policies, strategic issues and business, and other customary issues such as provisions, budgetary divergences, portfolios, etc.

| · | The Board of Directors shall meet on a quarterly basis in order to analyze: (i) operational risks and regulatory compliance,(ii) prevention of money laundering and financing of terrorism, (iii) auditing, (iv) IT, (v) human resources, (vi) credit risks, and (vii) implementation of the Bank’s strategic plan.

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The following table sets forth the composition of the Bank’s Board of Directors:

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| ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |
Name |  | Title |  | Year of Election to the Board |  | Date of expiration of current term |  | Date of Birth
Julio Patricio Supervielle | ​ | Chairman of the Board | ​ | 2005 | ​ | December 31, 2025 | ​ | December 13, 1956
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini | ​ | First Vice-Chairman of the Board | ​ | 2011 | ​ | December 31, 2025 | ​ | February 13, 1956
Alejandra Naughton | ​ | Second Vice-Chairman of the Board | ​ | 2020 | ​ | December 31, 2025 | ​ | September 22, 1962
Patricia Furlong | ​ | Director | ​ | 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2025 | ​ | January 13, 1973

​

All appointed directors, except for Mrs. Patricia Furlong, were approved to be members of the Board of Directors as required by Central Bank regulations. As of the date of this annual report, the appointment of Mrs. Patricia Furlon is subject to the approval of the Central Bank. In accordance with Section 11, Chapter III, Title II of the CNV Rules, all directors, except for Mrs. Patricia Furlong, have the status of non-independent directors. Mrs. Patricia Furlong has the status of independent director pursuant to the CNV and Central Bank rules.

Set forth below are the biographical descriptions of Alejandra Naughton and Patricia Furlong. For biographical descriptions of the rest of the Bank’s directors, see “—Board of Directors.”

Alejandra Naughton was appointed Director of Banco Supervielle S.A. on July 13, 2020. Before being appointed Director, she was Chief Financial Officer of Grupo Supervielle since 2011 and Chief Financial Officer of Banco Supervielle S.A. since 2012. She holds a degree in Economics from the Universidad de Buenos Aires and a post-graduate degree in Project Management from Universidad de Belgrano. She attended the CFO Executive Program at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. She has taken courses at the Bank of England in London, where she obtained the “Expert in Finance and Management Accounting” and “Expert in Corporate Governance” degrees, at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, where she obtained the “Expert in Management and Operations” degree, and at the IMF, where she obtained the “Expert in Safeguards Assessment” degree. From 1994 to 2007, she served on the Central Bank’s staff in several senior positions, including Deputy General Manager from 2003 to 2007 and Argentine Representative to the Governance Network at the Bank for International Settlements in Switzerland. During 2007 and 2008, she worked as a consultant at the IMF. Ms. Naughton brings to the Board valuable expertise on banking regulations and monetary matters given her deep knowledge of the banking sector based on her extensive experience at the Central Bank. Her involvement acting as CFO since our IPO in 2016 allows her to take on a stewardship role as Grupo Supervielle pursues its reporting responsibilities with the market and financial authorities. She also provides permanent support to our IR Program. Ms. Naughton currently serves as Second Vice Chairperson of Banco Supervielle S.A., Director of Supervielle Seguros, Director of Micro Lending, Director of InvertirOnline S.A.U., Director of Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros, Director of Bolsillo Digital, Director of Supervielle Agente de Negociación, Director of IOL Holding, Director of Portal Integral de Inversiones, Director of Espacio Cordial and Vice Chairperson of IOL Agente de Valores S.A.

Patricia Furlong was appointed Director of Banco Supervielle on April 19, 2024. In addition, she serves as President & CEO of Global Processing S.A., a technology company focused on processing digital payment methods, with regional scope in Latin America. Previously, she served as Vice President and General Manager of Global Commercial Payments at American Express Argentina S.A. being at the same time Executive Director of the Board. She was General Manager of Arvato Services S.A. (company of German origin with a focus on outsourced services) and worked as Regional BPO Director at EDS S.A. providing services to global accounts. Additionally, she has several years of experience in Management Consulting, leading projects in various industries both in Argentina and abroad. She graduated with honors in Business Administration from the University of Buenos Aires, completed an MBA at UCEMA and Management Development Programs at IAE and MIND (Digital Business) at San Andrés University. She was also certified in the Leadership Excellence Program at Harvard University. She was awarded the “Inspiring Executive” Award, Women that Build Award 2021, powered by Globant. Mrs. Furlong is also an active promoter of Gender Diversity in the professional field and a frequent speaker on topics related to the Payment Methods Ecosystem, Fintech Industry and D&I. Mrs. Furlong brings to the Board more than 20 years

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of experience in General Management roles, leading international companies in different industries. She has strategic vision, leading businesses with solid experience in Commercial Strategy, P&L Management, Product Strategy, Operational Efficiency and Financial Control. She also adds her extensive experience in Business Consulting, leading strategic Management and Transformation projects (digital, processes and organizational management).

Banco Supervielle S.A.’s Senior Management

The Bank’s senior management is in charge of the implementation and execution of its overall strategic objectives and reports to the CEO. The following tables set forth certain relevant information on the Bank’s current executive officers and its senior management.

Senior management that reports to the Board of Directors of the Bank

​

| ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |
Name |  | Position |  | Date of Birth |  | Year of Appointment
Emérico Alejandro Stengel | ​ | CEO | ​ | December 13, 1956 | ​ | 2020
Mariano Biglia | ​ | CFO | ​ | December 16, 1978 | ​ | 2020
Javier Conigliaro | ​ | Chief Risk Officer | ​ | November 16, 1964 | ​ | 2012
Sergio Gustavo Vázquez | ​ | Head of Internal Audit | ​ | May 1, 1974 | ​ | 2019
Celeste Ibañez | ​ | Chief of Legal Affairs | ​ | August 11, 1977 | ​ | 2024
Moira Almar | ​ | Regulatory Compliance & AML Officer | ​ | December 6, 1968 | ​ | 2017
Sergio Landro | ​ | Chief Information Security Officer | ​ | June 4, 1967 | ​ | 2022
Verónica de los Heros | ​ | Sustainability Officer | ​ | Hospitality management | ​ | May 7, 1970

​

Senior management that reports to the CEO of the Bank

​

| ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |
Name |  | Position |  | Date of Birth |  | Year of Appointment
Silvio Margaria | ​ | COO and Deputy CEO | ​ | November 12, 1971 | ​ | 2020
Sergio Mazzitello | ​ | Chief Technology Officer | ​ | February 21, 1965 | ​ | 2019
Hernán Oliver | ​ | Head of Treasury and Global Markets | ​ | June 2, 1973 | ​ | 2009
Roberto García Guevara | ​ | Head of Capital Markets and Structuring | ​ | August 21, 1964 | ​ | 2018
Casandra Giuliano | ​ | Chief of Human Resources | ​ | December 16, 1971 | ​ | 2022
Javier Tiburzio | ​ | Chief Transformation Officer | ​ | March 17, 1973 | ​ | 2023

​

Set forth below are brief biographical descriptions of the members of the Bank’s senior management.

Silvio Margaria was appointed Deputy CEO and COO of Banco Supervielle S.A. in June 2020. He joined Banco Supervielle S.A. in 2016, and since April 2019 he was Head of Personal and Business Banking. He has more than 26 years of experience in the financial industry. Before joining Supervielle, he was responsible for banking companies at Banco Macro S.A. from 2011 to 2016. Previously, he held several managerial positions overseeing nationwide retail banking networks, as well as corporate banking at international banks such as BankBoston, N.A. (from 1994 to 2007) and Standard Bank S.A. (from 2007 to 2011). He holds a Law degree from Universidad Católica Argentina and attended the Executive Development Program of the Universidad Austral Business School.

Hernán Oliver has been the Bank’s Head of Treasury and Global Markets since May 2009. He holds a degree in Economics from the Universidad Católica Argentina as well as a master’s degree in Finance from CEMA. In 1996 and 1997, he worked at Bank of America. From 1997 to 2002, he served as Finance Department Senior Trader at Banco General de Negocios. He then worked at Banco Finansur Finance Department until 2004, when he was hired as the Head of the Trading Desk at Banco Banex (at present Banco

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Supervielle S.A.). He has also been appointed as Alternate Director of Mercado Abierto Electrónico, the most important electronic securities and foreign currency trading market in Argentina

Roberto García Guevara joined Banco Supervielle S.A. in April 2018 as Head of Capital Markets. He is a public accountant graduated from Universidad de Buenos Aires. From 1992 to 1995 he worked at Baring Securities Argentina as a sales trader. From July 1995 to June 1998 he served as Head of Argentine Research at Caspian Securities Sociedad de Bolsa. Between July 1998 and November 2002, he worked at Merril Lynch S.A. Sociedad de Bolsa serving as Senior Country Analyst - First Vice President, covering Argentina and Chile, and he also served as Vice President of the Board. From 2003 to August 2007 Roberto was Head of Research of Raymond James Argentina. From September 2007 until 2009 he worked at UBS Pactual as Head of Southern Cone and Andean Equity Strategy & Research. Roberto returned to Raymond James Argentina in 2010, where he was Head of Research until 2012. During his career in Research, he was ranked 10 times by the annual survey of “Institutional Investor” as a top three analyst for Argentine Equity Research (he was ranked number one five times). In 2012 he moved to the Corporate Finance effort within Raymond James Argentina (then AR Partners) and was Head of Corporate Finance between 2015 and March 2018.

Javier Tiburzio has was Transformation Manager of Banco Supervielle S.A. in May 2023. He has more than 30 years of experience in the financial industry. During his career he held executive positions at Citibank, First Data, Banco Macro and he led the sales and customer service channels of Banco Supervielle S.A. Mr. Tiburzio has a degree in Business Administration, graduated from UCES with a postgraduate degree in Business Management from IAE. He has been a Marketing professor at Universidad Di Tella for several years. He also holds a certification in Fintech ecosystems issued by Wharton University.

For the biography of Mr. Emérico Alejandro Stengel, see “—Board of Directors.”

For the biographies of Mr. Mariano Biglia, Sergio Mazzitello, Mrs. Celeste Ibañez, Mr. Javier Conigliaro, Mr. Sergio Gustavo Vázquez, Mr. Sergio Anibal Landro, Ms. Moira Almar, Ms. Casandra Giuliano, and Ms. Verónica de los Heros, see “—Officers.”

Succession of the CEO of Banco Supervielle S.A.

On April 11, 2024, we announced that E. Alejandro Stengel will step down from his role of CEO of Banco Supervielle S.A. by the end of 2024 as part of our succession planning strategy and in connection with our business transformation process towards a digital and customer-centric operating model. Mr. Stengel remains actively involved in our strategy, governance and oversight as CEO of Banco Supervielle S.A. and will continue to contribute to our day-to-day operations until his successor is appointed and transitioned into the role.

Committees Reporting to Banco Supervielle S.A.’s Board of Directors

In accordance with Central Bank regulations, the Bank has several Board committees: the Audit Committee (Communication “A” 2525, as amended and restated by Communication “A” 6552 and 6555), the Information Technology Committee (Communication “A” 4609, as amended), the Committee on Control and Prevention of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (Communications “A” 6709, as amended), and the Senior Credit Committee. In addition, the Bank also has a Risk Management Committee. Each of the Bank’s Board committees has its own internal charter. Each committee must report to the Board on a periodical basis and submit an annual report. According to the size, complexity, economic importance and risk profile of the financial institution and the economic group in question, it is recommended that other specialized committees be established, with a clear definition and disclosure of their mandates, composition (including members considered independent) and working procedures, such as a Personnel Incentives Committee, responsible for overseeing that the system of economic incentives to personnel is consistent with the culture, objectives, long-term business, strategy and control environment of the entity, as formulated in the relevant policy, a Corporate Governance Committee, which evaluates the management of the Board of Directors and the renewal and replacement of senior management or Ethics and Compliance Committee, to ensure that the entity has adequate means to promote appropriate decision making and compliance with internal and external regulations, among others.

Banco Supervielle S.A.’s Audit Committee

The audit committee is formed by at least two members of the Bank’s Board of Directors and its internal audit manager. The Board of Directors appoints the members of the audit committee for a term of two or three years. The CEO is invited to attend the meetings.

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The audit committee is responsible for assisting the Board of Directors in the supervision of the consolidated financial statements, controlling compliance with policies, processes, procedures and rules set forth for each of the Bank’s business areas and for evaluating and approving the corrective measures proposed by the internal audit area.

The following table sets forth the members of the audit committee:

​

| ​ |
Name |  | Position
Alejandra Naughton | ​ | Director, Chairman of the Committee
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini | ​ | Director
Sergio Vazquez | ​ | Head of Internal Audit, Secretary of the Committee

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Banco Supervielle S.A.’s Information Technology Committee

The Information Technology Committee is formed by at least one Director appointed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Technology Officer, the CEO, the Deputy CEO, the CRO, the Head of Technology Infrastructure and Operations, the Head of Systems Development, the Head of IT Strategy and Solutions Engineering, and the Head of IT Governance.

The Information Technology Committee is responsible, among other things, for the following activities: (i) controlling the adequate operation of the IT environment; (ii) contributing to the effectiveness of the IT environment; (iii) considering the IT plan and submitting it for the approval of the Board of Directors; (iv) taking notice of the IT and plan and reviewing it; (v) periodically evaluating such plan and the level of compliance with it; (vi) reviewing audit reports related to IT and the relevant action plans to overcome any issues or weaknesses arisen from them; (vii) maintaining an adequate dialogue with the external auditing division of the Superintendency; (viii) taking knowledge and comply with of all applicable regulation of the Central Bank and other regulatory bodies; (ix) taking knowledge and approving the resources for the management of the systems contingency plan; (x) taking knowledge of the new projects within the committee’s competence and managing the priorities of each of them; (xi) taking knowledge of deviations in relation to the projects assigned to the IT team; (xii) overseeing the financial budget of IT; and (xiii) approving policies, standards, and any procedure related to IT.

The following table sets forth the members of the Information Technology Committee.

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| ​ |
Name |  | Position
Julio Patricio Supervielle | ​ | Director, Chairman of the Committee
Patricia Furlong | ​ | Director
Sergio Mazzitello | ​ | Chief Technology Officer, member and Secretary of the Committee
Emérico Alejandro Stengel | ​ | CEO
Silvio Margaria | ​ | Deputy CEO
Javier Conigliaro | ​ | CRO
Other members of management team: | ​ | Head of Technology Infrastructure and Operations
| ​ | Head of Systems Development
| ​ | Head of IT Strategy and Solutions Engineering
| ​ | Head of IT Governance

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Banco Supervielle S.A.’s Committee on the Control and Prevention of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism

The committee on the control and prevention of money laundering and financing of terrorism is formed by at least two directors (one of whom will chair the committee and will act as Corporate Compliance Officer with the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) and another that will act as Alternate Compliance Officer with the Financial Intelligence Unit) and the Head of AML, who will act as Secretary. The Board of Directors appoints the members of the control and prevention of money laundering and financing of terrorism committee for a minimum term of two years and a maximum of three years.

The committee on the control and prevention of money laundering and financing of terrorism has to: (i) consider the Bank’s general strategies and policies in the area of money laundering prevention designed by the Senior Management and submit them for Board of Directors’ approval; (ii) approve the internal procedures necessary to ensure effectiveness and compliance with the regulations and policies in force, promote their implementation and control their performance; (iii) take knowledge of the amendment to applicable regulations and ensure that the updates of internal policies and procedures manuals are timely carried out; (iv) ensure the adoption of a

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formal and permanent and up-to-date training program for the personnel; (v) have an understanding in the consideration and survey of the best market practices related to the prevention of money laundering and financing of terrorism and promote their application in the Bank; (vi) analyze the reports of unusual operations raised by the AML Department or any other Bank officer and, subject to legal advise, arrange for their report with the relevant authorities; (vii) take knowledge of and promote compliance with the corrective measures that have arisen as a result of the external and internal audit reports related to the prevention of money laundering and terrorism financing; (viii) appoint the Head of Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing with the concurrence of the Board of Directors; (ix) inform the control authorities about the removal or resignation of the Corporate Compliance Officer before the FIU within 15 business days of the occurrence, stating the relevant causes of such removal or resignation; (x) coordinate with Internal Audit for the periodic implementation of external audits carried out by recognized firms specialized in the field; (xi) ensure due compliance with the reporting duties to the competent authorities; and (xii) carry out all those functions as may be established by the Central Bank and the FIU from time to time.

The following table sets forth the members of the committee on control and prevention of money laundering and financing of terrorism:

​

| ​ |
Name |  | Position
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini | ​ | Director, Chairman of the Committee and Corporate Compliance Officer with the FIU
Alejandra Naughton | ​ | Director and Alternate Compliance Officer with the FIU
Moira Almar | ​ | Compliance & AML Officer
Gastón Ferera | ​ | AML Manager

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Banco Supervielle S.A.’s Risk Management Committee

The Risk Management Committee sets forth policies and limits to financial risks (including market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, exchange risk and other risks) and submits to the Board of Directors the appropriate proposals. Furthermore, this committee supervises the degree of correlation between the risks assumed and the risk profile set forth by the Board of Directors, and analyzes and approves investment and funding policies.

The following table sets forth the members of the Risk Management Committee:

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Name |  | Position
Julio Patricio Supervielle | ​ | Chairman of the Board, Chairman of the Committee
Emérico Alejandro Stengel | ​ | CEO
Alejandra Gladis Naughton | ​ | Director
Javier Conigliaro | ​ | CRO– Secretary

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Banco Supervielle S.A.’s Senior Credit Committee

The Bank’s credit committee is formed by the Chairman of the Board, the CEO, the Deputy CEO, the Chief Risk Officer, the Head of Treasury and Global Markets, the Head of Corporate Banking, the Credit Officer for Corporate Banking and Financial Institutions, the Credit Officer for SMEs and the Commercial Manager of Personal and Businesses Banking.

Banco Supervielle S.A.’s other management committees

The Bank has other management committees, such as the Assets and Liabilities Committee and the Operational and Reputational Risk Committee.

Management of Our Other Subsidiaries

The senior management of our other subsidiaries is in charge of the implementation and execution of those subsidiaries’ overall short-term and strategic objectives and reports to the respective Boards of Directors of those companies, and functionally to Grupo Supervielle’s CEO.

The CEO of Supervielle Seguros is Diego Squartini and the CEO of IOL invertironline is Diego Pizzulli.

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Set forth below are brief biographical descriptions of the CEOs of our other subsidiaries.

Diego Squartini has been Chief Executive Officer of Supervielle Seguros since 2013. He obtained a degree in Economics and a Master’s degree in Business Management from Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. He also attended the Leadership Program at Universidad Austral. From 2010 to 2013, he served as Regional Manager at Banco Supervielle S.A. From 2004 to 2010 he was the Financial Manager at Banco Regional de Cuyo. From 2000 to 2004, he worked as Corporate Business Manager and from 1995 to 2000 as Branch Manager, also at Banco Regional de Cuyo.

Diego Pizzulli has been appointed Chief Executive Officer of IOL invertironline in July 2022. He has 16 years of experience in the technology industry, developing strategies with a focus on innovation, managing digital products and businesses, and executing projects. He was co-founder and CEO of Alta, a 100% digital broker. Before that, Diego was co-founder, CEO and Director of Cash-online, an Argentine Fintech focused on online lending. Previously, he held various positions at Despegar.com. He earned a degree in Economics from Universidad Católica Argentina and obtained an MBA from Universidad de San Andrés in Argentina.

Employees

As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we had 3,663, 3,814 and 4,807 employees, including permanent and temporary employees, respectively.

At the holding company we had 4 employees as of each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Banking business employees.

As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Bank had 3,196, 3,334 and 3,494 employees, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, 69.5% of the Bank’s employees were members of a national union in which membership is optional. The Bank has not experienced any significant conflicts with this union.

All management positions in the Bank are held by non-union employees. As of December 31, 2023, the Bank’s employees were under collective bargaining agreement No. 18/75, which regulates labor contracts of financial entities, while the Bank’s managers were covered by general contractual labor laws. However, senior management, as is the case for all other banks in Argentina, is not under a union’s supervision with respect to remuneration and other labor conditions and follows the applicable regulation in this respect.

The Bank currently does not maintain any pension or retirement program for its employees. In order to incentivize the performance of its employees, the Bank implemented several incentive payment plans for its employees linked to performance and results.

Insurance Segment employees

| · | As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, Supervielle Seguros had 120, 135 and 130 employees, respectively. At December 31, 2023, 100% of its employees were under the collective bargaining agreement No. 264/95 Convenio Colectivo de Empleados de Seguros y Reaseguros, and 12.1% of its employees were union members from the Sindicato del Seguro de la República Argentina.

| · | As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros had 34, 25 and 24 employees, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, none of its employees were under the collective bargaining agreement.

InvertirOnline S.A.U. and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. employees:

| · | As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, InvertirOnline S.A.U. and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. had 169, 132 and 205 employees, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, none of these employees were under the collective bargaining agreement Convenio Colectivo de Empleados de Comercio No.130/75 (Convenio de Comercio). Employees of InvertirOnline S.A.U. and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. are not unionized and are covered only by general contractual labor laws.

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Supervielle Asset Management employees:

| · | As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, SAM had 12, 11 and 13 employees, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, employees of SAM are not unionized and are covered only by general contractual labor laws. SAM currently does not maintain any pension or retirement program for its employees. SAM incentivizes employee performance through several incentive payment plans linked to performance and results.

Supervielle Agente de Negociación employees:

| · | As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, Supervielle Agente de Negociación had 3, 2 and 2 employees. Employees of Supervielle Agente de Negociación are not unionized and are subject only to the applicable labor laws.

Espacio Cordial employees:

As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, Espacio Cordial had 91, 100 and 110 employees, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, 100% of Espacio Cordial’s employees were under the collective bargaining agreement No. 18/75, which regulates labor contracts of financial entities, including the Bank’s. In addition, as of December 31, 2022, 86.8% of Espacio Cordial’s employees were union members.

MILA employees:

As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, MILA had 34, 38 and 23 employees, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, 53% of MILA’s employees were under the collective bargaining agreement Convenio Colectivo de Empleados de Comercio No.130/75 (Convenio de Comercio). The remaining 47% of employees were covered by general contractual labor laws. In addition, as of December 31, 2022, 2.9% of MILA’s employees were union members.

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Compensation

Labor relations in Argentina are governed by specific legislation, such as labor Law No. 20,744 and Collective Bargaining Law No. 14,250, which, among other things, dictate how salary and other labor negotiations are to be conducted. Every industrial or commercial activity is regulated by a specific collective bargaining agreement that groups together companies according to industry sectors and by trade unions. While the process of negotiation is standardized, each chamber of industrial or commercial activity negotiates the increases of salaries and labor benefits with the relevant trade union of such commercial or industrial activity. In the banking sector, salaries are established on an annual basis through negotiations between the chambers that represent the banks and the banking employees’ trade union. The National Labor Ministry mediates between the parties and ultimately approves the annual salary increase to be applied in the banking activity. Parties are bound by the final decision once it is approved by the labor authority and must observe the established salary increases for all employees that are represented by the banking union and to whom the collective bargaining agreement applies.

Typically, negotiations took place during the first half of the year. But in recent years, with very high and increasing inflation throughout the year, negotiation periods have been shortened and even include monthly provisions for reopening the agreement to increase salaries following inflation

In addition, each company is entitled, regardless of union-negotiated mandatory salary increases, to give its employees additional merit increases or variable compensation schemes.

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Disclosure of Registrant’s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation

​

Not applicable.

​

​

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Item 7.Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

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Item 7.AMajor Shareholders

As of April 26, 2024, we had 456,722,322 outstanding shares of common stock (including shares held by the Company’s treasury), consisting of 61,738,188 Class A shares and 394,984,134 Class B shares, all with a par value of Ps.1.00 per share. Each share of our common stock represents the same economic interests, except that holders of our Class A shares are entitled to five votes per share and holders of our Class B shares are entitled to one vote per share. As of March 31, 2024, we had approximately 12,100 holders of record of our shares.

The table below sets forth information concerning the ownership of our Class A and Class B shares as of March 31, 2024 excluding shares held by the Company’s treasury, wich amounted to 14,050,492 as of March 31, 2024. We do not have voting rights in connection with the shares held by the Company’s treasury, see “Item 16.E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.” We are not aware of any other shareholder or holder of ADSs that beneficially owns 5.0% or more of any voting class of our securities.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percentage | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | Class A Shares 5 | ​ | Class B Shares 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | of Capital | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percentage | ​
Shareholder Name |  | Votes |  | Vote |  | Total Shares |  | Stock |  | Total Votes |  | of Votes | ​
Julio Patricio Supervielle | ​ | 61,738,188 | ​ | 74,621,278 | (*) | 136,359,466 | ​ | 30.842057 | % | 383,312,218 | ​ | 55.62710 | %
Other | ​ | — | ​ | 305,762,364 | ​ | 305,762,364 | ​ | 69.157943 | % | 305,762,364 | ​ | 44.37290 | %
Total: |  | 61,738,188 |  | 380,383,642 |  | 442,121,830 |  | 100.00 | % | 689,074,582 |  | 100.000 | %

(*)Includes: (i) 4,678,278 Class B shares of common stock of Grupo Supervielle, par value Ps.1.00 per share, and (ii) 69,943,000 Class B shares of Grupo Supervielle represented by 13,988,600 ADSs.

As of December 31, 2023, we have identified 23 record holders of our ADSs (each representing the right to receive five Class B shares) in the United States, and no record holders of our Class B shares in the United States. As of the same date, the record holders of our ADSs located in the United States held in the aggregate approximately 3.5 million of our ADSs, representing approximately 6.2% of our ADSs and 4.4% of our Class B shares.

Based on the Schedule 13G filed by Matías Jules Bernard Supervielle, Jacques Patrick Supervielle and Natasha Pilar Laurencia Supervielle with the SEC on February 9, 2023, on January 30, 2023, Julio Patricio Supervielle gifted an aggregate of 2,181,400 ADSs, each representing five Class B Shares (an equivalent of 10,907,000 Class B Shares) and an aggregate of 13,156,435 Class B Shares to Matías Jules Bernard Supervielle, Jacques Patrick Supervielle and Natasha Pilar Laurencia Supervielle, who are the children of Julio Patricio Supervielle. Based on the Schedule 13G filed by Matías Jules Bernard Supervielle, Jacques Patrick Supervielle and Natasha Pilar Laurencia Supervielle with the SEC on February 9, 2024, as of the date of this annual report, (i) Matías Jules Bernard Supervielle beneficially owns 8,497,495 Class B Shares, consisting of 4,861,830 Class B Shares and 3,635,665 Class B Shares represented by 727,133 ADSs, (ii) Jacques Patrick Supervielle beneficially owns 8,525,570 Class B Shares, consisting of 4,861,825 Class B Shares and 3,663,745 Class B Shares represented by 732749 ADSs, and (iii) Natasha Pilar Laurencia Supervielle beneficially owns 8,497,495 Class B Shares, consisting of 4,861,830 Class B Shares and 3,635,665 Class B Shares represented by 727,133 ADSs.

Matías Jules Bernard Supervielle, Jacques Patrick Supervielle and Natasha Pilar Laurencia Supervielle are parties to a Stockholder Agreement (the “Stockholder Agreement”), which contains, among other things, certain provisions relating to transfer of, and coordination of the voting of, securities of the Group by the parties thereto. By virtue of the Stockholder Agreement and the obligations and rights thereunder, Matías Jules Bernard Supervielle, Jacques Patrick Supervielle and Natasha Pilar Laurencia Supervielle may be deemed a “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Share Ownership of Banco Supervielle S.A.

As of April 26, 2024, the Bank had 834,347,791 outstanding shares of common stock, consisting of 930,371 Class A shares and 833,417,420 Class B shares, all with a par value of Ps.1.00 per share. Each share of the Bank’s common stock represents the same economic interests, except that holders of its Class A shares are entitled to five votes per share and holders of Class B shares are entitled to one vote per share.

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The following table sets forth information regarding the ownership of the Bank’s Class A and Class B shares as of April 26, 2024:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Class A | ​ | Class B | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percentage of | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percentage of | ​
Shareholder Name |  | Shares 5 votes |  | Shares 1 Vote |  | Total Shares |  | Capital Stock |  | Total Votes |  | Votes | ​
Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​ | 830,698 | ​ | 809,486,229 | ​ | 810,316,927 | ​ | 97.120 | % | 813,639,719 | ​ | 97.085 | %
Sofital S.A.U.F.e.I.(1) | ​ | 49,667 | ​ | 23,131,588 | ​ | 23,181,255 | ​ | 2.7784 | % | 23,379,923 | ​ | 2.790 | %
Other Shareholders |  | 50,006 |  | 799,603 |  | 849,609 |  | 0.1018 | % | 1,049,633 |  | 0.125 | %
Total: |  | 930,371 |  | 833,417,420 |  | 834,347,791 |  | 100.0000 | % | 838,069,275 |  | 100.0000 | %

(1) | Sofital is a corporation organized under the laws of Argentina of which Grupo Supervielle owns 100%.

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Item 7.BRelated Party Transactions

Other than as set forth below, we are not a party to any material transactions with, and have not made any loans to any (i) enterprises that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, control or are controlled by us; (ii) associates (i.e., an unconsolidated enterprise in which we have a significant influence or which has significant influence over us); (iii) individuals owning, directly or indirectly, an interest in our voting power that gives them significant influence over us, as applicable, and close members of any such individual’s family (i.e., those family members that may be expected to influence, or be influenced by, that person in their dealings with us, as applicable); (iv) key management personnel (i.e., persons that have authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling our activities, including directors and senior management of companies and close members of such individual’s family); or (v) enterprises in which a substantial interest is owned, directly or indirectly, by any person described in (iii) or (iv) over which such a person is able to exercise significant influence nor are there any proposed transactions with such persons. For purposes of this paragraph, this includes enterprises owned by our directors or major shareholders that have a member of key management in common with us, as applicable. In addition, “significant influence” means the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the enterprise, but means less than control. Shareholders beneficially owning a 10% interest in our voting power are presumed to have a significant influence on us.

Management Services

To the extent that there are no conflicts of interest, we lend management services to our subsidiaries, the Bank, SAM, Sofital, and Espacio Cordial. We also lended management services to IUDÚ and Tarjeta until their merge into the Bank. Our services include: financial and commercial advisory services, fiscal planning and optimization, defining auditing policies, developing and evaluating upper management, elaborating annual budgets, planning and developing complementary activities and defining the mission of related companies and policies related to social responsibility. These services are provided pursuant to agreements that provide that our subsidiaries will indemnify us for any claim, damage, liability, tax, cost and expense incurred or suffered by us in connection with financial transactions in which such subsidiaries were engaged. The management’s fees are equal to the ordinary and extraordinary costs incurred plus a mark-up of 20% plus 21% VAT. If the services to be provided are of an extraordinary nature, we have the right to additional compensation, the amount of which shall be determined in each case.

The following table sets forth information regarding fees received from our subsidiaries and related parties for our management services for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos, plus VAT)
Bank |  | 740,164 |  | 1,402,035
Tarjeta |  | — |  | 3,341
SAM |  | 10,042 |  | 11,335
Sofital |  | 1,021 |  | 1,149
IUDÚ |  | — |  | 112,178
Espacio Cordial |  | 6,006 |  | 6,789
Total |  | 757,233 |  | 1,536,827

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Capital Contribution

On March 4, 2021, Grupo Supervielle made a contribution of Ps.6,832,612 to the capital of Modo, as a result of which Grupo Supervielle subscribed 5,641,254 book-entry ordinary shares of Modo, which have a par value of Ps.1 per share and confer the right to one vote per share. On the same date, Grupo Supervielle made a contribution of Ps.29,000,000 to Bolsillo Digital as a result of which Grupo Supervielle subscribed 29,000,000 book-entry ordinary shares of Bolsillo Digital, which have a par value of Ps.1 per share and confer the right to one vote per share.

On April 30, 2021, Grupo Supervielle and Sofital made a joint capital contribution of Ps.30,000,000 to Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros, as a result of which Grupo Supervielle and Sofital subscribed 30,000,000 book-entry ordinary shares of Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros, respectively, which have a par value of Ps.1 per share and confer the right to one vote per share.

On November 24, 2021, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank made capital contributions of Ps.25,000,000 and Ps.475,000,000, respectively, to IUDÚ, as a result of which Grupo Supervielle and the Bank subscribed 1,605,985 and 30,513,709 book-entry ordinary shares of Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros, respectively, which have a par value of Ps.1 per share and confer the right to one vote per share.

On November 29, 2021, Grupo Supervielle made a capital contribution of U.S.$500,000 to IOL Holding to be applied to working capital and investments.

On January 28, 2022, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank made capital contributions of Ps.25,000,000 and Ps. 475,000,000, respectively, to IUDÚ, as a result of which Grupo Supervielle and the Bank subscribed 1,762,666 and 33,490,657 book-entry ordinary shares of IUDÚ, respectively, which have a par value of Ps.1 per share and confer the right to one vote per share.

On February 25, 2022, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank made capital contributions of Ps.12,500,000 and Ps.237,500,000, respectively, to IUDÚ, as a result of which Grupo Supervielle and the Bank subscribed and 18,347,111 book-entry ordinary shares of IUDÚ, respectively, which have a par value of Ps.1 per share and confer the right to one vote per share.

On March 30, 2022, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank approved capital contributions of Ps.62,500,000 and Ps.1,187,500,000, respectively, to IUDÚ to be allocated to working capital. On the same date, IUDÚ approved a capital contribution of Ps.150,000,000 to Tarjeta to be allocated to working capital.

On June 27, 2022, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank made capital contributions to IUDÚ of Ps.50 million and Ps. 950 million, respectively, to be allocated to working capital. On the same date, IUDÚ approved a capital contribution of Ps. 250 million to Tarjeta to be allocated to working capital.

On July 8, 2022, Grupo Supervielle approved a capital contribution of U.S.$200,000 or its equivalent in Uruguayan Pesos to its subsidiary IOL Holding to be applied to working capital and investments.

On August 16, 2022, Grupo Supervielle approved a capital contribution of Ps.70,165,000 or its equivalent in Pesos to its subsidiary IOL Invertironline to be applied to working capital and investments.

On August 30, 2022, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank made capital contributions to IUDÚ of Ps.37.5 million and Ps. 712.5 million, respectively, to be allocated to working capital.

On September 28, 2022, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank made capital contributions to IUDÚ of Ps.12.5 million and Ps. 237.5 million, respectively, to be allocated to working capital.

On November 30, 2022, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank made capital contributions to IUDÚ of Ps. 110 million and Ps. 2.1 billion, respectively, mainly to cancel IUDÚ’s financial obligations with the Bank.

On February 23, 2023, the Bank made a capital contribution to Bolsillo Digital of Ps. 100 million. On the same date, the Bank made a capital contribution to Modo of Ps. 92.4 million.

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On June 28, 2023, the Bank made a capital contribution to Bolsillo Digital of Ps. 75 million.

Capital Reduction

On July 28, 2023, in accordance with the resolution adopted in the minutes of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Micro Lending S.A.U., it was resolved to voluntarily reduce the share capital of Micro Lending S.A.U. by up to the amount of 111,756,079 shares along with its corresponding proportion from the capital adjustment account by the amount of 288,243,921 shares.

Merge by absorption

On December 1, 2023, the Central Bank approved the merger of IUDÚ and Tarjeta into the Bank, and therefore IUDÚ and Tarjeta were merged into the Bank, effective January 2023. These mergers allowed us to simplify the Group’s corporate structure and complete the Group’s corporate integration plans which began in September 2022. As a result, Grupo Supervielle S.A. received 4,783,920 class B shares of Banco Supervielle S.A. with 4,422,016 shares corresponding to an exchange ratio of 0.09497225 per IUDÚ and 361,904 shares corresponding to an exchange ratio of 0.03375751 per Tarjeta.

Transfer of shares

On June 30, 2021, Grupo Supervielle transferred its 41,747,121 common shares of Modo to its subsidiary Banco Supervielle S.A. These shares have a par value of Ps.1 and Banco Supervielle S.A. is entitled to 1 vote for each share.

On August 5, 2021, Grupo Supervielle transferred its shares of Bolsillo Digital, which amount to Ps.112,886,316.43 to its subsidiary Banco Supervielle S.A. as part of Grupo Supervielle’s commercial strategy for its payment services business.

On March 4, 2024, Grupo Supervielle made an offer to Espacio Cordial for the purchase of all the shares that Espacio Cordial owns in Sofital S.A.U.F. and I., totaling 689,238 ordinary shares, non-transferable and with a nominal value of one Peso, each with one vote per share, representing 3.20% of the total shares of Sofital S.A.U.F. and I.

Operator Services Agreement with the Bank

In March 2016, we entered into an agreement with the Bank pursuant to which the Bank will provide accounting, administrative, legal and treasury services to us. The Bank’s services include, among others: accounting records of transactions and preparation of financial statements, management of institutional relations, structuring and management of funding instruments, liquidity investment operations management, maintenance of our corporate records, management of compliance with disclosure requirements, registration of corporate acts and compliance with information requirements. Pursuant to this agreement, we paid to the Bank in 2023 a total amount of Ps.2,878,858. The term of the agreement is one year and may be renewed automatically at maturity for equal and successive periods. This agreement is renewed automatically and it is in force as of the date of this annual report.

Trademark Licenses

In 2013, we signed agreements with Espacio Cordial and IUDÚ granting them licenses to use certain of our trademarks (including our trademarks for “Cordial,” “Carta App” and “Tienda Supervielle.” We granted these trademark licenses to these subsidiaries to enhance the marketing of certain their products and services related to insurance, health, tourism, credit cards and loans, among others. As a result of the merge between IUDÚ and the Bank, the agreement entered into with IUDÚ was terminated at the beginning of 2023. Pursuant to these agreements, we received fees from these companies in 2023 in a total amount of Ps.878,396.

Financial Loans

Some of our directors and the directors of the Bank have been involved in certain credit transactions with the Bank as permitted by Argentine law. The Argentine General Corporations Law and the Central Bank’s regulations allow directors of a limited liability company to enter into a transaction with such company if such transaction follows prevailing market conditions. Additionally, a bank’s total financial exposure to related individuals or legal entities is subject to the regulations of the Central Bank. Such regulations set limits on the amount of financial exposure that can be extended by a bank to affiliates based on, among other things, a percentage of a bank’s RPC.

198

The Bank is required by the Central Bank to present to its Board of Directors, on a monthly basis, the outstanding amounts of financial assistance granted to directors, controlling shareholders, officers and other related entities, which are transcribed in the minute books of the Board of Directors. The Central Bank establishes that the financial assistance to directors, controlling shareholders, officers and other related entities must be granted on an equal basis with respect to rates, tenor and guarantees as loans granted to the general public.

The financial assistance granted to our directors, officers and related parties by the Bank was granted in the ordinary course of business, on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other non-related parties, and did not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features.

The following table presents the aggregate amounts of total consolidated financial exposure of the Bank to related parties, the number of recipients, the average amounts as of the end of the periods indicated and the single largest exposures during the reporting period:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos,except
​ |  | number of recipients)
Aggregate total financial exposure |  | 1,778,169 |  | 2,098,100
Number of recipient related parties |  | 80 |  | 80
(a) individuals |  | 68 |  | 70
(b) companies |  | 12 |  | 10
Average total financial exposure |  | 22,227 |  | 26,227
Single largest exposure during the period |  | 1,387,195 |  | 1,115,633

​

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Item 7.CInterests of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable.

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Item 8.Financial Information

​

Item 8.AConsolidated Statements and Other Financial Information.

See Item 8 and our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

199

Legal Proceedings

As of the date of this annual report, we are not a party to any legal or administrative proceedings which outcome is likely to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

The Bank is party to collection proceedings and other legal or administrative actions initiated in the normal course of their businesses, including certain class actions initiated against a number of banks and financial companies, including us, by public and private organizations. The class action lawsuits involving the Bank are related to certain allegations of overcharging on life insurance products, interest rates and administrative charges, fees on the sale price of foreign currency, administrative charges on savings accounts, consumer loans and credit cards, inadequacy of the contingency risk charge on checking accounts, as well as debits of fees or charges from savings accounts and/or credit cards of customers or former customers, among others. These types of class actions were brought against every financial entity in Argentina. Some of these lawsuits have been settled by the parties out of court. These settlements have typically involved an undertaking by the financial institution to adjust the fees and charges.

In 2021, an additional class action was brought against InvertirOnline S.A.U. in relation to an alleged use by InvertirOnline S.A.U. of liquid funds of its clients without requesting their prior consent or making yields resulting from such operations available to such clients.

Supervielle Seguros S.A. has been summoned as a third party in a legal proceeding related to life insurance. The outcomes of these proceedings are not likely to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

As of the date of this annual report, our other subsidiaries are not party to any other class action.

Dividends

In accordance with the Argentine General Corporations Law, our bylaws and CNV regulations, we may make one or more declarations of dividends with respect to any year, including anticipated dividends, out of our distributable net income (ganancias líquidas y realizadas) as reflected in our consolidated balance sheet, or consolidated special interim balance sheet in case of anticipated dividends.

Declaration and payment of dividends to all holders of each class of our shares (Class A, Class B shares and preferred shares (to the extent any such shares are outstanding)), to the extent funds are legally available, is determined by all of our shareholders with voting rights (i.e., our Class A and Class B shareholders) at the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting. At such annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting, our Class A shares will be entitled to five votes each and our Class B shares will be entitled to one vote each. It is the responsibility of our Board of Directors to make a recommendation to our shareholders with respect to the amount of dividends to be distributed. The Board of Directors’ recommendation will depend on a number of factors, including but not limited to, our operating results, cash flow, financial condition, capital position, legal requirements, contractual and regulatory requirements, and investment and acquisition opportunities. As a general rule, the Board of Directors will favor efficient use of capital in its recommendation-making process. Thus, the Board will recommend reinvesting earnings when there are investment opportunities, or it will recommend distributing dividends when there is excess capital.

However, shareholders are ultimately entitled to overrule the recommendation of the Board of Directors through the affirmative vote of the absolute majority of the present votes at an ordinary shareholders’ meeting.

The Board of Directors may also decide and pay anticipated dividends. In such instance, each individual director and member of the Supervisory Committee will be jointly and severally liable for the payment of such dividends if our retained earnings for the year for which such dividends were paid is insufficient to cover the payment of such dividends.

Dividends are distributed on a pro rata basis according to the number of ordinary shares held by the shareholder. All shares of our capital stock rank pari passu with respect to the payment of dividends, regardless of class. Under CNV regulations, cash dividends must be paid to the shareholders within 30 days of their approval. In the case of stock dividends, shares are required to be delivered within three months of our receipt of notice of authorization by the CNV for the public offering of such shares. The right of shareholders to demand payment of dividends shall toll three years after the date on which we first make them available to shareholders. Any dividends that are not claimed during this period are deemed extraordinary gains by us.

200

In accordance with Argentine law, our bylaws and CNV regulations, we are required to allocate to our legal reserve 5% of our yearly income, plus or minus the results of prior years, until our legal reserve equals 20% of our adjusted capital stock. Under the Argentine General Corporations Law and our bylaws, our yearly net income (as adjusted to reflect changes in prior results) is allocated in the following order: (i) to comply with the legal reserve requirement; (ii) to pay dividends on preferred stock, which shall be applied first to pending and unpaid accumulated dividends; and (iii) the remainder of the net income for the year may be distributed as additional dividends on preferred stock, if any, or as dividends on common stock, or may be used for voluntary or contingent reserves, or as otherwise decided by our shareholders at the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting.

Holders of ADSs will be entitled to receive any dividends payable in respect of our underlying Class B shares. Exchange controls currently in place impair the conversion of dividends, distributions, or the proceeds from any sale of Class B shares, as the case may be, from Pesos into U.S. dollars and the remittance of the U.S. dollars abroad, therefore restricting the ability of foreign shareholders holders of ADSs to receive dividends in U.S. dollars abroad. In particular, with respect to the proceeds of any sale of Class B shares underlying the ADSs, as of the date of this annual report, the conversion from Pesos into U.S. dollars and the remittance of such U.S. dollars abroad is subject to prior Central Bank approval (as described below), although access to the MLC to pay dividends to non-resident shareholders may be granted, subject to certain conditions. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Liquidity and Solvency Requirements—Requirements Applicable to Dividend Distribution.” The ADS deposit agreement provides that the Depositary will convert cash dividends received by the ADS depositary in Pesos to U.S. dollars: if so permitted by, and subject to the limits set forth in, applicable foreign exchange regulations in place at such time and, after deduction or upon payment of fees and expenses of the ADS depositary and deduction of other amounts permitted to be deducted from such cash payments in accordance with the ADS deposit agreement (such as for unpaid taxes by the ADS holders in connection with personal asset taxes or otherwise), will make payment to holders of the ADSs in U.S. dollars. If dividend payments cannot be made in U.S. dollars outside of Argentina, the transfer outside of Argentina of any funds collected by foreign shareholders in Pesos in Argentina may be subject to certain restrictions. See “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls” and “Item 3.D. Risk Factors.”

In accordance with the provisions of Title IV, Chapter III, Section 3, Subsection b) of the Regulations of the CNV (Restated Text 2013), we have made use of the option to absorb the accumulated negative results that were generated as a consequence of the inflation adjustment by application of the IAS 29, subject to the ratification of the general shareholders’ meeting.

Our annual ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting and board of directors meeting dated April 19, 2024 resolved to release the voluntary reserve for dividends distribution, and in accordance with the provisions of General Resolution No. 777/18 of the CNV, a cash dividend of Ps.19,469,438,271.64 is expected to be paid to our shareholders on April 29, 2024, or on such later date as may be determined by the applicable regulations of the jurisdiction where our shares are listed. The amount of dividends to be distributed is equivalent to (i) 4.403636498030% of the Company’s capital (excluding shares held by the Company’s treasury) as of the date of this annual report, (ii) Ps.44.03636498030 for each outstanding share, and (iii) Ps.220.18182490152 for each ADS.

The dividends to be distributed were originated from profits from the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and, therefore, are subject to withholding of 7% according to the provisions of the Argentine Income Tax Law, ordered text Decree No. 824/2019. Dividends to be paid will be subject to the withholding, in the relevant cases, of the amounts paid for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 by the Company in its capacity as Substitute Person Responsible for the Personal Assets Tax, in the case of those shareholders that are subject to that tax, pursuant to the terms of the last paragraph of the provisions incorporated pursuant to Law No. 25,585 following section 25 of Law No. 23,966. For more information on current exchange controls applicable to the payment of dividends, see “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Class B Shares and the ADSs—Restrictions on transfers of foreign exchange and the repatriation of capital from Argentina may impair your ability to receive dividends and distributions on, and the proceeds for any sale of, the Class B shares underlying the ADSs.”

We are a holding company, and in addition to certain management fees we collect from some of our subsidiaries, our main source of cash to pay dividends are the dividends we receive from our subsidiaries. We therefore depend on the results of operations, cash flow and distributable income of our operating subsidiaries.

We and our subsidiaries are subject to contractual, legal and regulatory requirements affecting our ability to pay dividends.

On January 31, 2020, the Central Bank issued Communication “A” 6886, pursuant to which financial entities must obtain prior approval of the Central Bank in order to distribute dividends. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Liquidity and Solvency Requirements—Requirements Applicable to Dividend Distribution.”

201

Although distribution of dividends by the Bank has been authorized by the Central Bank at times, no assurance can be given that in the future the Central Bank will not limit the Bank’s ability to distribute dividends approved by its shareholders at the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting or that such authorization will be for the full amount of dividends that the Bank may distribute pursuant to applicable regulation. On March 9, 2023, the Central Bank issued Communication “A” 7719 which sets forth that, from April 1, 2023, the Central Bank revoked the suspension of the distribution of dividends and that, from the same date until December 12, 2023, any financial entities that have been authorized by the Central Bank may distribute dividends in six equal, monthly and consecutive installments for up to 40% of the amount that would have corresponded pursuant to Communication “A” 6886. However, by means of Communication “A” 7984 dated March 21, 2024, the Central Bank extended such date until December 31, 2024 and increased the amount authorized to be distributed by 60% of the amount that would have corresponded.

We are required to pay personal assets tax corresponding to Argentine and foreign individuals and foreign entities for the holding of our shares at December 31 of each year. We pay this tax on behalf of our shareholders, whenever applicable, and are entitled, pursuant to the Personal Assets Tax Law, to seek reimbursement of such paid tax from the applicable shareholders in various ways, including by withholding dividends. See “Item 10.E. Taxation—Material Argentine Tax Considerations—Income Tax—Personal assets tax.”

In 2023 and 2022, we received the following dividend payments in cash from our subsidiaries, reported in the currency at the end of the reporting period: (i) Ps. 3,133.8 million in 2023 and Ps.2,974.3 million in 2022 from SAM, (ii) Ps. 1,579.8 million in 2023 and Ps. 2,966.0 million in 2022 from Supervielle Seguros, (iii) Ps. 211.5 million in 2023 and Ps. 281.8 million in 2022 from Sofital, (iv) Ps. 369.6 million in 2022 from SAN, and (v) Ps. 535.9 million in 2023 from MILA. We did not receive dividend payments from the Bank or our other subsidiaries during 2023 and 2022.

Grupo Supervielle paid dividends to its shareholders in 2023 and 2022, totaling approximately Ps.0 million and Ps.1,531.7 million, respectively. As described in Note 24 to our audited consolidated financial statements we may pay dividends to the extent that we have distributable retained earnings and distributable reserves calculated in accordance with the rules of the Argentine Central Bank. Therefore, retained earnings included in our audited consolidated financial statements may not be wholly distributable.

Distribution of Earnings

On March 6, 2024, our Board of Directors proposed to the ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 19, 2024 to distribute retained earnings from the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, as follows: (i) Ps. 5,632,951 thousand to Legal Reserve, (ii) Ps. 12,840,783 thousand to Reserve for the distribution of dividends in the future, the Board being authorized to determine the time of such distribution, and (iii) Ps. 32,889,397 to Optional Reserve for future investments.

​

After the partial release of the voluntary reserves for the distribution of future dividends approved in the ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 19, 2024, as of the date of this annual report Grupo Supervielle’s net worth is composed as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ | ​ | 2023
​ |  | (In millions of Pesos)
Capital Stock | ​ | 442,672
Capital Adjustment | ​ | 27,960,909
Paid in Capital | ​ | 254,538,548
Own Shares in Portfolio | ​ | 14,050
Comprehensive Adjustment os Treasury Shares | ​ | 2,944,946
Cost of Own Shares in Portfolio | ​ | (5,166,412)
Legal Reserve |  | 5,632,951
Other Reserves |  | 37,197,005
Other Comprehensive Income |  | 6,381,108
Total shareholders’ equity attributable to the owners of the parent under the rules of the Argentine Central Bank |  | 329,945,777

​

​

202

​

Item 8.BSignificant Changes

In addition to the information set forth in this section, additional information on significant changes can be found in “Item 3.D. Risk Factors” and in “Item 5.A. Operating Results.”

​

Item 9.The Offer and Listing

​

Item 9.A Offer and Listing Details

The information set forth in Exhibit 2(d), “Description of Securities Registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act” is incorporated herein by reference.

​

Item 9.BPlan of Distribution

Not applicable.

​

Item 9.CMarkets

On May 18, 2016, we completed our IPO. Since May 19, 2016, our ADSs representing Class B shares have been trading on the NYSE under the symbol ‘SUPV.’ Our Class B shares are currently traded on the ByMA (formerly MERVAL and, ByMA since April 2017) and MAE (since May 2016) under the symbol ‘SUPV.’

On December 29, 2016, the CNV approved the constitution of ByMA as a new stock market, as a spin-off of certain assets of the MERVAL relating to its stock market operations and capital contributions by the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange. Following such authorization, and effective April 17, 2017, all securities listed on MERVAL have been automatically transferred to ByMA, as successor of MERVAL’s activities. Additionally, the delegation of powers granted by MERVAL to the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange will apply to ByMA, thus, the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange will continue to carry out the activities referred to in paragraphs b), f) and g) of Article 32 of the Argentine Capital Markets Law on behalf of ByMA, including the authorization, suspension and cancelling of the listing or trading of securities and acting as arbitration court of such market for all matters concerning listed companies’ relationship with shareholders and investors.

​

Item 9.DSelling Shareholders

Not applicable.

​

Item 9.EDilution

Not applicable.

​

Item 9.FExpenses of the Issue

Not applicable.

​

Item 10.Additional Information

​

Item 10.A Share Capital

Not applicable.

​

203

Item 10.BMemorandum and Articles of Association

The information set forth in Exhibit 2(d), “Description of Securities Registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act” is incorporated herein by reference.

​

Item 10.CMaterial Contracts

No material contracts outside the ordinary course of business have been entered into during the last 2 years.

​

Item 10.DExchange Controls

For the purposes of this section, (i) “foreign currency” means any currency other than the Argentine peso; and (ii) “Foreign Exchange Regulations” means the foreign exchange regulations issued by the Central Bank pursuant to Communication “A” 7,953 as amended and supplemented from time to time.

Specific provisions for income from the foreign exchange market

Entry and settlement of the proceeds from the export of goods through the foreign exchange market

The Argentine exchange regime establishes that proceeds from exports of goods must be entered and settled in Argentine pesos through the foreign exchange market within 5 business days following their collection.

Decree No. 28/2023 published on December 13, 2023, established in connection with: (i) the export countervalue of the services included in subsection c) of paragraph 2 of Article 10 of Law No. 22,415 (“Customs Code”) and its amendments (which refers to services rendered in the country, with effective use or exploitation carried out abroad); and (ii) the countervalue of the export of goods included in the Common Nomenclature of MERCOSUR (“NCM”), including pre-financing and/or post-financing of exports from abroad or a liquidation advance; 80% of such countervalue must be brought into the country in foreign currency and/or negotiated through the foreign exchange market, and for the remaining 20% must be carried out through purchase and sale transactions with negotiable securities acquired with liquidation in foreign currency and sold with liquidation in local currency.

In the case of funds received or credited abroad, the deposit and liquidation for the amount equivalent to the usual expenses debited by the financial entities abroad for the transfer of funds to the country may be considered as completed.

There are some exceptions to the obligation to settle through the foreign exchange market, including, but not limited to: (i) collections from exporters under the Regime for the Promotion of Knowledge Economy Exports (established by Decree No. 679/2022); and (ii) certain collections from exports of services by physical persons, as established by Article 2.2.2.2.1. of the Ordered Text.

Amounts collected in foreign currency for claims related to exported goods must also be entered and settled in Argentine pesos in the foreign exchange market, up to the amount of the insured exported goods.

The exporter must designate a financial entity to follow up each export transaction. The obligation to enter and settle foreign currency through the foreign exchange market corresponding to a shipment permit will be considered satisfied when the financial entity designated to follow up certifies that the entry and settlement have taken place.

Local charges for exports under the regime of farms to foreign-flagged means of transport

With respect to local charges for exports under the regime of farms to foreign-flagged means of transport, it will be considered as fully or partially compliant with the follow-up of the shipping permit, for an amount equivalent to that paid locally in Argentine pesos and/or in foreign currency to the exporter by a local agent of the company owning the foreign-flagged means of transport, provided that the following conditions are met:

| (i) | The documentation shows that the delivery of the exported goods has taken place in the country, that the local agent of the company owning the foreign-flagged means of transport has made the payment to the exporter locally and the currency in which such payment was made.

| (ii) | The company has a certification issued by a financial entity stating that the referred local agent would have had access to the foreign exchange market for the equivalent amount in foreign currency that is intended to be imputed to the permit. The financial entity issuing such certification must previously verify compliance with all the requirements established by the exchange regulations for access to the foreign exchange market by Article 3.2.5.2. of Exchange Regime, with the exception of the provisions of Article 3.16.1 of such regulations and have a sworn statement from the referred local agent stating that it has not transferred and will not transfer funds abroad for the proportional part of the transactions included in the certification.

| (iii) | In the event that the amounts have been received in the country in foreign currency, the company has the certification of settlement of the funds in the foreign exchange market.

The local agent of the company owning the foreign-flagged means of transport must not have used this mechanism for an amount exceeding U.S.$ 2,000,000 in the charged calendar month.

204

Obligation to settle foreign currency from exports of services

Payments received for the provision of services by residents to non-residents must be entered and settled through the foreign exchange market within 5 business days from the date of its collection abroad or in the country or its crediting to foreign accounts.

In the case of funds received or credited abroad, the collection and liquidation may be considered completed for the amount equivalent to the usual expenses debited by the financial entities abroad for the transfer of funds to the country.

The aforementioned provisions of Decree No. 28/2023 are also applicable to the export of services (see “—Entry and settlement of the proceeds from the export of goods through the foreign exchange market”).

Application of export revenues

The Argentine exchange regime authorizes the application of export revenues to the repayment of: (i) pre-financing of exports and export financing granted or guaranteed by local financial entities; (ii) pre- financing of exports and export advances settled in the foreign exchange market, provided that the corresponding transactions have been executed through public deeds or public registries; (iii) financial indebtedness under contracts entered into prior to August 31, 2019 that provide for the cancellation thereof through the application abroad of export funds; (iv) other foreign financial indebtedness subject to certain requirements as set forth in Articles 7. 9 and 7.10 of the Exchange Regime; and (v) advances, pre-financing and post-financing from abroad with partial liquidation under the provisions of Decrees No. 492/2023, No. 549/2023, No. 597/2023 and No. 28/2023. Likewise, it allows keeping export revenues abroad to guarantee the payment of new indebtedness, provided certain requirements are met.

Financial indebtedness with foreign countries

According to Article 2.4 of the Exchange Regime for resident debtors to be able to access the foreign exchange market to repay financial indebtedness with foreign countries disbursed as from September 1, 2019, the loan proceeds must have been settled through the foreign exchange market and the transaction must have been declared in the External Assets and Liabilities Survey (“Relevamiento de Activos y Pasivos Externos”). Accordingly, although settlement of the loan proceeds is not mandatory, failure to settle will preclude future access to the foreign exchange market for repayment purposes.

Access to the foreign exchange market to make such payments more than three days in advance of the due date is, as a general rule, subject to the BCRA's prior authorization. Prepayments made with funds from new foreign loans duly settled or in connection with debt refinancing or liability management processes may be exempt from such prior authorization from the BCRA to the extent they comply with several requirements as set forth in Article 3.5 of the Exchange Regime.

Until December 31, 2024, prior BCRA approval is required for local residents to access the foreign exchange market to make principal and interest payments under cross-border financial borrowings with related parties. Certain specific exceptions apply and are included in item 3.5.6. of the Ordered Text. (unless the loan proceeds were settled through the foreign exchange market after October 1, 2020, and the loan has an average life of at least 2 years).

Specific provisions on access to the foreign exchange market

General requirements

As a general rule, and in addition to the specific rules of each transaction for access, certain general requirements must be complied with by a local company or individual to access the foreign exchange market for the purchase of foreign currency or its transfer abroad (i.e., payments of imports and other purchases of goods abroad; payment of services rendered by non-residents; distribution of profits and dividends; payment of principal and interest on foreign indebtedness; interest payments on debts for the import of goods and services, among others) without requiring prior approval from the BCRA. In this regard, the local company or individual must file a sworn statement stating that:

(a) (i) At the time of access to the foreign exchange market, all of its foreign currency holdings in the country are deposited in accounts in financial institutions, and (ii) at the beginning of the day on which it requests access to the foreign exchange market, it does not hold Argentine certificates of deposit (for its acronym in Spanish, “CEDEARs”) representing foreign shares and/or available liquid foreign assets that together have a value greater than U.S.$ 100,000 (funds deposited abroad that constitute reserve or guarantee funds under debt contracts with foreign countries, or funds granted as guarantee for derivatives arranged abroad are excluded from this limit). If the customer is a local government, foreign currency holdings deposited with local financial institutions must also be accounted up to December 31, 2024. For these purposes, "liquid foreign assets" are considered to be holdings of banknotes and coins in foreign currency, cash in gold coins or bars of good delivery, demand deposits in financial institutions abroad and other investments that allow immediate availability of foreign currency. On the other hand, funds deposited abroad that cannot be used by the client because they are reserve or guarantee funds created by virtue of the requirements set forth in foreign debt contracts or funds created as guarantee for derivative transactions arranged abroad should not be considered as liquid foreign assets available. In the event that the client is a local government and exceeds the established limit, the institution may also accept an affidavit from the client stating that the excess was used to make payments for the foreign exchange market through swap and/or arbitrage operations with the deposited funds.

205

(b) It undertakes the obligation to settle in the foreign exchange market, within five business days of its availability, the funds received abroad from the collection of loans granted to third parties, time deposits, or the sale of any type of asset, to the extent that the asset subject to the sale was acquired, the deposit constituted or the loan granted after May 28, 2020.

(c) On the date of access to the foreign exchange market and in the previous 90 calendar days in the case of securities issued under Argentine Law and in the 180 calendar days prior in the case of transactions that are not carried out with securities issued under Argentine Law, it: (i) did not arrange sales in the country of securities with settlement in foreign currency; (ii) did not exchange securities issued by residents for foreign assets, (iii) did not transfer securities to depository entities abroad, (iv) did not acquire in the country securities issued by non-residents with settlement in Argentine pesos, (v) did not acquire CEDEARs representing foreign shares, (vi) did not acquire securities representing private debt issued in foreign jurisdiction, and (vii) did not deliver funds in local currency or other local assets (except funds in foreign currency deposited in local financial institutions) to any entity (whether physical or legal, resident or non-resident, related or not), receiving as prior or subsequent consideration, directly or indirectly, by itself or through a related, controlled or controlling entity, foreign assets, crypto-assets or securities deposited abroad.

(d) It undertakes the obligation not to enter into any of the transactions described in paragraph (c) above from the time it requests access to the foreign exchange market and for 90 calendar days thereafter in the case of securities issued under Argentine Law and for the following 180 calendar days in the case of transactions that are not carried out with securities issued under Argentine Law.

(e) Article 3.16.3 of the Exchange Regime adds that, in the event that the customer requesting access to the exchange market is a legal entity, in order for the transaction not to be covered by the requirement of prior approval by the BCRA must be submitted to the corresponding financial institution:

(A) a sworn statement evidencing that within the term provided in section 3.16.3.4. (180 days prior to accessing the foreign exchange market) it has not delivered in the country any funds in local currency or other liquid local assets, except funds in foreign currency deposited in local financial institutions, to any person or legal entity, except those directly associated with regular transactions in the course of its business (this sworn statement shall be called "Sworn Statement - Section 1"); or

(B)(i) as required by Article 3.16.3.3. of the Exchange Regime, an affidavit stating details of the physical or legal persons exercising a direct control relationship over the client and of other legal persons with which it is part of the same economic group. In determining the existence of a direct control relationship, the types of relationships described in item 1.2.2.1 of the Large Exposures rules should be considered. Companies sharing a control relationship of the type defined in items 1.2.1.1 and 1.2.2.1 of the Large Exposures rules should be considered as members of the same “economic group” (the “Economic Group Description Affidavit”); and (ii) that on the day on which it requests access to the market and in the 180 days prior to that date, it has not delivered in the country any funds in local currency or other liquid local assets, except funds in foreign currency deposited in local financial institutions, to any individual or legal entity that exercises a direct control relationship over it, or to other companies with which it is part of the same economic group, except those directly associated with regular transactions between residents for the acquisition of goods and/or services (the "Sworn Statement of Non-Delivery of Pesos to the Economic Group"). It also provides that in the case of individuals or legal entities exercising a direct control relationship, the term of 180 calendar days shall only be applicable for deliveries made as from April 21, 2013, and the term of 90 calendar days shall be applicable for deliveries made prior to that date. While for legal entities that are part of the same economic group but did not exercise a direct control relationship over the customer as of May 11, 2023, the provisions shall be applicable only for deliveries made as of May 12, 2023.

(C) The provisions of item 3.16.3.4. (as detailed in (B)(ii) above) may be deemed to have been complied with if the customer seeking access has submitted:

| (i) | an affidavit initialed by each physical or legal person detailed in item 3.16.3.3. to whom the client has delivered funds under the terms provided in item 3.16.3.4., recording what is required in items 3.16.3.1., 3.16.3.2. and 3.16.3.4.; or

(ii) an Economic Group Affidavit of each person or legal entity declared in the affidavit indicated in item 3.16.3.3. (i.e., all Direct Controlling Entities and the declared members of the economic group), stating the provisions of Articles 3.16.3.1. and 3.16.3.2. of the Exchange Regime; or

(iii) a statement from each of the individuals or legal entities declared in the sworn statement indicated in item 3.16.3.3.3 (i.e., all the Direct Controlling Entities and the declared members of the economic group), stating that within the term set forth in item 3.16.3.4. has not received in the country any funds in local currency or other liquid local assets, except for funds in foreign currency deposited in local financial entities, except for those directly associated to usual transactions between residents for the acquisition of goods and/or services, which have come from the client or from any person detailed in item 3.16.3.3. to whom the client has delivered funds under the terms set forth in item 3.16.3.4.

Article 3.16.4 of the Exchange Regime establishes that companies shall require the prior approval of the BCRA to grant access to the foreign exchange market to individuals or legal entities included by the AFIP in the database of invoices or equivalent documents classified as apocryphal by such agency. This requirement will not be applicable for access to the foreign exchange market for the cancellation of foreign currency financing granted by local financial institutions, including payments for foreign currency consumption made by credit or purchase cards.

Imports payments

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Article 3.1 of the Exchange Regime allows access to the foreign exchange market for the payment of imports of goods, establishing different conditions depending on whether they are payments of imports of goods with customs entry registration, or payments of imports of goods with pending customs entry registration. It also provides for the reestablishment of the "SEPAIMPO", the import payment tracking system, for the purpose of monitoring import payments, import financing and the demonstration of the entry of goods into the country.

In addition, the local importer must designate a local financial entity to act as a monitoring bank, which will be responsible for verifying compliance with applicable regulations, including, among others, the settlement of import financing and the entry of imported goods.

Communication "A" 7,917 issued on December 13, 2023, later amended by Communication “A” 7,953 issued on January 26, 2024, substantially modified the regime of access to the foreign exchange market for the payment of imports of goods and services, establishing the following regarding the access to the foreign exchange market for the payment of imports of goods, effective as of December 13, 2023:

(a) Entities may provide access to the foreign exchange market to make deferred payments for imports of goods with customs entry registration as from December 13, 2023, when in addition to the other applicable regulatory requirements, it is verified that the payment complies with the following schedule, according to the type of goods:

(i) from its customs entry registration, the payment of the FOB value corresponding to the following goods may be made: (a) petroleum or bituminous mineral oils, their preparations and residues (subchapters 2709, 2710 and 2713 of the NCM); (b) petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons (subchapter 2711 of the NCM); c) bituminous coal without agglomeration (subchapters 2701.12.00 of the NCM), when the importation is carried out by an electric generation plant; d) electric energy (subchapters 2716.00.00 of the NCM).

(ii) from 30 days from the date of registration of customs entry, payment of the FOB value corresponding to the following goods may be made: (a) pharmaceutical products and/or inputs used in their local processing, other goods related to health care or food for human consumption covered by the provisions of the Article 155 Tris of the Argentine Food Code, whose tariff positions according to the NCM are detailed in Article 12.3. of the Exchange Regime; (b) fertilizers and/or phytosanitary products and/or inputs that may be intended for local processing, whose tariff positions are detailed in Article 12.2. of the Exchange Regime. The entity must have the importer's affidavit stating that the goods will be used for the purposes foreseen in this item.

(iii) from 180 calendar days from the date of registration of customs entry, payment of the FOB value corresponding to the following goods may be made: (a) finished automobiles (subchapter 8703 of the NCM); (b) those corresponding to the tariff positions detailed in Article 12.1 of the Exchange Regime that are not covered in the preceding Articles, regardless of their FOB unit value.

(iv) for the remaining goods, the payment of their FOB value may be made within the following terms counted from the registration of the customs entry of the goods:

| a) | 25% after 30 calendar days.

| b) | An additional 25% after 60 calendar days.

| c) | An additional 25% after 90 calendar days.

| d) | The remaining 25% as from 120 calendar days.

(v) Freight and insurance as part of the purchase condition agreed with the seller may be paid in full as from the first date on which the importer has access by virtue of the goods covered.

Entities may also grant access to the foreign exchange market without the prior approval of the BCRA to make deferred payments for new imports of goods with customs entry registration as from December 13, 2023 before the terms set forth in item (a) above when, in addition to the other applicable regulatory requirements, the payment falls within the situations set forth in item 3 of the Communication "A" 7,917.

Access to the foreign exchange market to make payments with pending customs registration shall require the prior approval of the BCRA except when, in addition to the other applicable requirements, the payment falls within the situations foreseen in item 3 of the Communication "A" 7,917.

(b) Access to the foreign exchange market to make payments with pending customs entry registration or deferred payments before the terms set forth in item (a) above, when the remaining applicable requirements are met, only in the case of financing, new pre-financing or advance payments or under specific benefits.

(c) Access to the foreign exchange market to make import payments for goods whose customs entry registration occurred up to December 12, 2023, in addition to the remaining applicable requirements, shall require the prior conformity of the BCRA except when they are transactions financed by financial entities or official credit agencies or international organizations; among other situations.

(d) Access to financial entities to cancel obligations derived from letters of credit or guaranteed letters issued or granted as from December 13, 2023, within the framework of an import in which it is required to have a SIRA declaration will be conditioned to the entity having documentation that proves, at the date of issuance or granting, the guaranteed transaction was compatible with the terms and conditions set forth in item (a) above.

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Payment of foreign debts for the importation of goods and/or for services effectively rendered and/or accrued

On December 22, 2023, the BCRA issued Communication "A" 7,925 establishing the requirements for importers who have outstanding debts with foreign countries for the import of goods with customs entry registration until December 12, 2023 and/or for services effectively rendered and/or accrued until that date (the "Import Debt Stock"), to subscribe Bonds for the Reconstruction of a Free Argentina ("BOPREAL").

Importers of goods may subscribe the BOPREAL for up to the amount of the outstanding debt for their imports of goods with customs entry registration up to and including December 12, 2023. The amount of the BOPREAL that importers may subscribe will be adjusted to the outstanding amount registered in the BCRA's SEPAIMPO system. Importers of services accrued up to December 12, 2023, may also subscribe the BOPREAL for up to the amount of the outstanding debt for such transactions. Importers of goods and services that, prior to January 31, 2024, subscribe the series offered (maturity in 2027), and for an amount equal to or greater than 50% of the outstanding amount of the Import Debt Stock, will be able to access the foreign exchange market as from February 1, 2024 to pay the Import Debt Stock for the equivalent of 5% of the amount subscribed of such series.

Likewise, access to the foreign exchange market is authorized for the payment of the Import Debt Stock by means of an exchange and/or arbitrage with the funds deposited in a local bank account and originated in collections of principal and interest in foreign currency of the BOPREAL.

Importers subscribing to BOPREAL may sell them with settlement in foreign currency in the country or abroad or transfer them to depositories abroad, for up to the amount acquired in the primary subscription without limiting their ability to access the foreign exchange market. Likewise, Communication "A" 7,935 established that those who have subscribed BOPREAL in primary bidding may, as from April 1, 2024, carry out sales transactions of securities against foreign currency for the difference between the nominal value bid and the sale price in the secondary market obtained from the sale of the BOPREAL, without violating the sworn statements set forth in Articles 3.16.3.1. and 3.16.3.2. of the Exchange Regime.

Payment for services rendered by non-residents

Pursuant to Article 3.2 of the Exchange Regime, entities may access the foreign exchange market to make payments for services rendered by non-residents as long as they have documentation to support the existence of the service.

In the case of commercial debts for services, access is granted as from the expiration date, provided that it is verified that the operation is declared, if applicable, in the last due presentation of the “External Assets and Liabilities Survey”.

Communication "A" 7,953 issued on January 26, 2024, substantially modified the regime of access to the foreign exchange market for the payment of imports of goods and services. The aforementioned Communication established the following regarding access to the foreign exchange market for the payment of imports of services, effective as of December 13, 2023:

(a) Access to the foreign exchange market for the payment of services.

(b) Entities may provide access to the foreign exchange market to make payments for non-residents services that were or will be rendered as of December 31, 2023,when, in addition to the other applicable regulatory requirements, the transaction falls within one of the situations detailed below:

(i) The payment corresponds to a transaction that falls under the following concept codes:

S03.Passenger Transportation Services.

S06.Travel (excluding transactions associated with withdrawals and/or consumption with resident cards with non-resident suppliers or non-resident cards with Argentine suppliers).

S23.Audiovisual services.

S25.Government services.

S26.Health services by travel assistance companies.

S27.Other health services.

S29.Transactions associated with withdrawals and/or consumptions with resident cards with non-resident suppliers or non-resident cards with Argentine suppliers.

ii) Expenses paid to foreign financial entities for their usual operations.

iii) The payment corresponds to an operation that falls under the concept "S30. Freight services for goods import operations" fand is made after a period of time equivalent to that in which payment for the goods transported could begin to be made as per item 10.10.1 has elapsed since the date of rendering of the service.

iv) The payment corresponds to an operation that falls under item "S24. Other personal, cultural and recreational services" and is made after a period of 90 calendar days from the date of rendering or accrual of the service.

v) The payment corresponds to a service not included in Articles 13.23.1 to 13.2.4 of the Exchange Regime by a counterparty not related to the resident and the payment is made after a period of 30 calendar days from the date of rendering or accrual of the service.

vi) The payment corresponds to a service not included in Articles 13.23.1 to 13.2.4 of the Exchange Regime by a counterparty related to the resident and the payment is made after 180 calendar days from the date of rendering or accrual of the service.

(c) Stock of debt of Imports of Services

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Access to the foreign exchange market for payments for non-resident services rendered and/or accrued up to December 12, 2023, in advance of the deadlines foreseen in Articles 13.2.3 to 13.2.6, of the Exchange Regime is admissible when, in addition to the other applicable requirements, the following situations are verified:

| i) | The customer accesses the foreign exchange market with funds originated from a financing of imports of services granted by a local financial institution from a foreign line of credit to the extent that the maturity dates and the amounts of principal to be paid of the financing granted are compatible with those provided for in Article 13.2 of the Exchange Regime.

If the financing is granted prior to the date of rendering or accrual of the service, the terms set forth in Article 13.2 of the Exchange Regime shall be computed as from the estimated date of rendering or accrual plus 15 calendar days.

| ii) | The customer has access to the foreign exchange market simultaneously with the settlement of funds for advances or pre-financing of exports from abroad or pre-financing of exports granted by local financial entities with funding in foreign credit lines, to the extent that the stipulations of Article 13.3.1 of the Exchange Regime regarding maturity dates and the amounts of principal to be paid for the financing are complied with.

The entity must also have an affidavit from the importer stating that the prior approval of the BCRA will be required for the application of foreign currency from export collections prior to the maturity date arising from the term conditions stipulated for situations associated with a financing.

| iii) | The customer accesses the foreign exchange market simultaneously with the settlement of funds originated in a financial indebtedness abroad, to the extent that the provisions of Article 13.3.1 of the Exchange Regime regarding maturity dates and principal amounts payable on the financing are complied with.

The portion of the financial indebtedness abroad that is used by virtue of the provisions of this item may not be computed for the purposes of other specific mechanisms that enable access to the foreign exchange market as from the entry and/or settlement of this type of transactions.

| iv) | In the case that the payment for imports of services is performed within the framework of the mechanism provided for in Article 7.11 of the Exchange Regime.

| v) | The customer has a "Certification for the regimes of access to foreign currency for the incremental production of oil and/or natural gas (Decree No. 277/22)" issued within the framework of the provisions of Article 3.17 of the Exchange Regime.

| vi) | The payment corresponds to transactions financed or guaranteed prior to December 12, 2023, by local or foreign financial entities.

| vii) | The payment corresponds to operations financed or guaranteed prior to December 12, 2023, by international organizations and/or official credit agencies.

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(d) Payments of services abroad up to December 12, 2023.

The BCRA’s prior approval shall be required for access to the foreign exchange market to make payments for non-resident services rendered or accrued up to December 12, 2023, except when in addition to the other applicable requirements, the entity verifies the Articles 13.4.1 to 13.4.8 of the Exchange Regime.

External financial indebtedness

In order for resident debtors to be able to access the foreign exchange market to cancel foreign financial indebtedness disbursed as of September 1, 2019, it is necessary that the loan proceeds have been settled through the foreign exchange market and that the transaction has been declared in the External Assets and Liabilities Survey.

Repayment of foreign currency debt among residents

Access to the foreign exchange market for the repayment of debts and other obligations in foreign currency between residents, contracted as of September 1, 2019, is prohibited.

However, it establishes as exceptions the cancellation as from its maturity of principal and interest of:

| - | Financing in foreign currency granted by local financial entities (including payments for consumption in foreign currency through credit cards).

| - | Foreign currency liabilities between residents instrumented through public registries or deeds on or before August 30, 2019.

| - | Issuances of debt securities made on or after September 1, 2019, with the purpose of refinancing foreign currency obligations between residents instrumented through public registries or public deeds before August 30, 2019, and involving an increase in the average life of the obligations.

| - | The payment, at maturity, of the principal and interest services of new issues of debt securities made on or after November 29, 2019, with public registration in the country, denominated and payable in foreign currency in the country, to the extent that: (i) they are denominated and subscribed in foreign currency; (ii) the respective principal and interest services are payable in the country in foreign currency; and (iii) the totality of the funds obtained with the issue are settled through the foreign exchange market.

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| - | Issues made between October 9, 2020 and December 31, 2023 of debt securities with public registration in the country, having an average life of no less than two years, denominated in foreign currency and with services payable in a foreign country or foreign currency in the country, that were delivered to creditors of foreign financial indebtedness and or/ debt securities with public registry in the country denominated in foreign currency with maturities between October 15, 2020 and December 31, 2023, that has been delivered to creditors as a part of the refinancing parameters timely required in Article 3.17 of the Exchange Regime, following the requirements of Article 3.6.1.4 of the Exchange Regime.

| - | Issues made as from January 7, 2021 of debt securities with public registration in the country denominated in foreign currency and whose services are payable in foreign currency in the country, to the extent that they have been delivered to creditors to refinance pre-existing debts with extension of the average life, when it corresponds to the amount of the refinanced capital, interest accrued up to the refinancing date and, to the extent that the new debt securities do not mature before 2023, the amount equivalent to the interest that would accrue until December 31, 2022 on the indebtedness that is refinanced early and/or on the deferral of the refinanced principal and/or on the interest that would accrue on the amounts so refinanced.

| - | The issuance of debt securities with public registry in the country that were included in Article 7.11.1.5 of the Exchange Regime, to the extent that the record of customs entry of goods for a value equivalent to the financing received is demonstrated.

Principal payments under related counterparty debt until December 31, 2024

BCRA’s prior approval is required to access the foreign exchange market to make payments abroad of principal and interest of financial debts when the creditor is a counterparty related to the debtor. This requirement is applicable until December 31, 2024, in accordance with Article 3.5.6 of the Exchange Regime. Likewise, these debts will continue to be subject to prior approval even if there is a change in the creditor or the debtor which means that there is no longer a link between the creditor and the resident debtor.

The BCRA's prior approval shall not be required: (i) in the case of local financial institutions' own transactions; (ii) in the case of a financial indebtedness abroad with an average life of not less than two years and the funds have been deposited and settled through the foreign exchange market as from October 2, 2020; and (iii) in the case of a financial indebtedness abroad that meets all of the following conditions: (a) the funds have been used to finance projects within the framework of the Plan for the Promotion of Argentine Natural Gas Production - Supply and Demand Scheme 2020-2024 established in Article 2 of Decree No. 892/2020 (“Plan GasAr 2020-2024), (b) the funds have been deposited and settled through the foreign exchange market as from November 16, 2020, (c) the indebtedness has an average life of not less than two years. Likewise, the aforementioned conformity shall not be applicable when (1) the client has a "Certification of Increase of Exports of Goods" for the years 2021 to 2023, issued within the framework of the provisions of Article 3.18 of the Exchange Regime for the equivalent of the amount of capital to be paid, (2) in the case of a financial indebtedness abroad with an average life of not less than 2 (two) years, settled between August 21, 2021 and December 12, 2023, and which was originally used to pay commercial debts for the import of goods and services that originated the issuance of a Certificate of Entry of New Financial Indebtedness Abroad within the framework of Article 3.19 of the Exchange Regime; (3) in the case of a financial indebtedness abroad with an average life of not less than 2 (two) years originated between August 27, 2021 and December 12, 2023, originated in a refinancing with the creditor of commercial debts for the importation of goods and services within the framework of the provisions of Article 3. 20 of the Exchange Regime; the entity must have a certification for access to the foreign exchange market issued within the 5 (five) previous business days, by the entity that registered with the BCRA within the concept code “P17. Registration of refinancing of commercial debt under item 20 of Communication “A” 7,626”; (4) the customer has a Certification for the regimes of access to foreign currency for the incremental production of oil and/or natural gas, issued within the framework of the provisions of Article 3.21 of the Exchange Regime, for the equivalent of the amount of capital to be paid; and (5) it is a financial indebtedness abroad included in the mechanism of Article 7.11 of the Exchange Regime and the access date is consistent with the conditions required to be included in such mechanism.

Article 3.5.4 of the Exchange Regime establishes that, as long as the requirement to obtain prior approval to access the foreign exchange market to pay, at maturity, the principal and interests of external financial indebtedness, such requirement will not be applicable when the use of the funds has been the financing of projects within the framework of the Plan GasAr 2020-2024; when the funds have been deposited and settled through the foreign exchange market as from November 16, 2020 and the average life of the indebtedness is not less than two years.

Access to the foreign exchange market for the payment of new issues of debt securities

Entities may access to the foreign exchange market for the payment of principal and services of debt securities denominated and publicly registered abroad when the debtor has settled through the foreign exchange market an amount equivalent to the face value of the external indebtedness.

The aforementioned requirement will be deemed to be met for the portion of debt securities publicly registered abroad issued as from January 7, 2021, intended to refinance pre-existing debt by extending their average life, for an amount equivalent to the refinanced principal, and provided that the new securities do not have a principal maturity schedule within two years, for interest accrued through the date of refinancing and, interest that would accrue during the first two years on the refinanced indebtedness and/or on the deferral of the refinanced principal and/or interest that would accrue on the refinanced amounts.

Duly registered securities that are denominated and payable in foreign currency in Argentina

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Pursuant to Article 2.5 of the Exchange Regime, resident debt issuers will have access to the foreign exchange market for the payment at maturity of principal and interest of duly registered debt security issues that are denominated and payable in foreign currency in Argentina, to the extent that (i) they are fully subscribed in foreign currency, and (ii) provided that the proceeds of the issue are previously settled through the foreign exchange market.

Non-resident access to the foreign exchange market

Pursuant to Article 3.13 of the Exchange Regime, the prior approval of the BCRA will be required for access to the foreign exchange market by non-residents for the purchase of foreign currency, with the exception of the following situations: (a) international organizations and institutions that perform the functions of official export credit agencies; (b) diplomatic representations and consular and diplomatic personnel accredited in the country for transfers made in the exercise of their functions; (c) representatives of courts, authorities or offices, special missions, commissions or bilateral organizations established by treaties or international agreements, to which the Argentine Republic is a party, to the extent that the transfers are made in the exercise of their functions; (d) transfers abroad on behalf of persons who are beneficiaries of retirement and/or pensions paid by the National Administration of Social Security ("ANSES"), for up to the amount paid by such agency in the calendar month and to the extent that the transfer is made to a bank account owned by the beneficiary in his/her registered country of residence; (e) purchase of foreign currency in cash by non-residents for tourism and travel expenses, up to a maximum amount of U.S.$ 100, to the extent that the financial institution can verify in the online system implemented by the BCRA that the customer has settled an amount equal to or greater than the amount to be purchased within the 90 days prior to the transaction; (f) transfers to offshore bank accounts of persons who are beneficiaries of pensions granted by the National State in accordance with Laws No. 24,043, No. 24,411, No. 25,914 and complementary laws; and (g) repatriations of direct investments of non-residents in companies that are not controlling companies of local financial entities, to the extent that the capital contribution has been entered and settled through the foreign exchange market as from October 2, 2020 and the repatriation takes place at least two years after its entry.

Access to the foreign exchange market for savings or investment purposes by individuals

Pursuant to Article 3.8 of the Exchange Regime, Argentine residents may access the foreign exchange market for purposes of asset formation abroad, family assistance and derivative transactions (with some expressly stated exceptions) for up to U.S.$ 200 (through debits to local bank accounts) or U.S.$ 100 (in cash) per person per month through all authorized exchange entities. If the access involves a transfer of funds abroad, the destination account must be an account owned by the same person.

In all cases, the general requirements detailed under "—Specific Provisions on Access to the Foreign Exchange Market - General Requirements" apply.

Purchases in Argentine pesos made abroad with debit cards and amounts in foreign currency acquired by physical persons in the foreign exchange market as from September 1, 2020, for the payment of obligations between residents within the framework of Article 3.6 of the Exchange Regime, including payments for purchases with credit cards in foreign currency, will be deducted, as from the following calendar month, from the monthly quota of U.S.$ 200. If the amount of such purchases exceeds the quota available for the following month or such quota has already been absorbed by other purchases made since September 1, 2020, such deduction shall be made from the quotas of the following months until the amount of such purchases is completed.

The corresponding entity will verify in the online system implemented by the BCRA whether the person has not reached the limits set for the corresponding calendar month or has not exceeded them in the previous calendar month and, therefore, is entitled to perform the exchange transaction, and will request the customer to submit a sworn statement stating that such person is not a beneficiary of any "Zero Rate Credits" referred to in Article 9 of Decree No. 332/2020, as amended, "Subsidized Rate Credits for Companies" and/or "Zero Rate Credits for Culture".

In addition, by means of Communication "A" 7,606, the BCRA established that users of public utilities that requested and obtained the subsidy in the tariffs derived from the supply of natural gas and/or electric energy, as well as those that had obtained it automatically, and those that maintain the subsidy in the potable water tariffs, may not, while maintaining the mentioned benefit: (i) access the foreign exchange market to make purchases of foreign currency by physical persons for the formation of foreign assets of residents, remission of family aid and for operations with derivatives, under the terms of Article 3.8. of the rules on exterior and foreign exchange; nor (ii) to carry out the transactions set forth in Article 4.3.2. of the rules on exterior and foreign exchange.

Finally, through Communication “A” 7,609 the BCRA established, effective as from September 20, 2022, that customers who are legal persons residing in the country engaged in agricultural activities who sell goods within the framework of Decree No. 576/2022 to those who export them directly or as a result of a productive process carried out in the country may not: (i) access the foreign exchange market to make purchases of foreign currency by physical persons for the formation of foreign assets of residents, remission of family assistance and for transactions with derivatives, under the terms of Article 3.8. of the regulations on exterior and foreign exchange; nor (ii) to carry out the transactions set forth in Article 4.3.2. of the regulations on exterior and foreign exchange. These last provisions are not applicable to physical persons.

Access to the foreign exchange market by other residents -excluding entities- for the formation of foreign assets and for derivative transactions

Pursuant to Article 3.10 of the Exchange Regime, access to the foreign exchange market for the constitution of foreign assets and for derivative transactions by local governments, investment funds, other universalities established in Argentina, requires the prior authorization of the BCRA.

Access to the foreign exchange market by guarantee trusts for the payment of principal and interest

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Pursuant to Article 3.7 of the Exchange Regime, Argentine guarantee trusts created to guarantee principal and interest payments of resident debtors may access the foreign exchange market to make such payments at their scheduled maturity, to the extent that, in accordance with the applicable regulations in force, the debtor would have had access to the foreign exchange market to make such payments directly. Also, under certain conditions, a trustee may access the foreign exchange market to guarantee certain principal and interest payments on foreign financial debt and anticipate access to the foreign exchange market.

Derivative transactions

Article 3.12 of the Exchange Regime requires that, as from September 11, 2019, the settlement of futures transactions in regulated markets, “forwards”, options and any other type of derivatives entered into in the country, be made in Argentine pesos.

Likewise, access to the foreign exchange market will be allowed for the payment of premiums, constitution of guarantees and cancellations corresponding to interest rate hedging contract transactions for the obligations of residents abroad declared and validated, as applicable, in the Relevance of Foreign Assets and Liabilities, provided that such guarantees do not cover risks higher than the foreign liabilities incurred by the debtor at the interest rate of the risk being hedged through such transaction. The client that access the local market through this mechanism must designate an authorized institution to operate in the foreign exchange market that will do the follow up the operation and will submit a sworn statement committing to repatriate and settle the funds corresponding to it as a consequence of such operation or as a consequence of the release of the money from the guarantee, within 5 business days following the date on which such payment or release occurs.

Profit and dividend payment

Pursuant to Article 3.4 of the Exchange Regime, access to the foreign exchange market for the transfer of foreign currency abroad for the payment of dividends and profits to non-resident shareholders is subject to the prior approval of the BCRA, unless the following requirements are met:

| (i) | Dividends must correspond to closed and audited balance sheets.

| (ii) | The total amount paid to non-resident shareholders shall not exceed the amount in Argentine pesos that correspond according to the distribution determined by the shareholders' meeting.

| (iii) | If applicable, the External Assets and Liabilities Survey must have been complied with for the transactions involved.

| (iv) | The company falls within one of the following situations and fulfills all the conditions stipulated in each case:

| (a) | Records direct investment contributions settled as of January 17, 2020. In which case, (i) the total amount of transfers made in the foreign exchange market for the payment of dividends to non-resident shareholders may not exceed 30% of the total value of the capital contributions made in the relevant local company that have entered and been settled through the foreign exchange market as of January 17, 2020, (ii) access will only be granted after the expiration of a term of not less than 30 calendar days as from the settlement date of the last capital contribution taken into account to determine the aforementioned 30% capital cap, and (iii) the definitive capitalization of the capital contributions must be accredited or, failing that, the filing of the registration procedure of the capital contribution with the Public Registry must be evidenced. In this case, the accreditation of the definitive capitalization must be made within 365 calendar days following the date of the initial filing with the Public Registry.

| (b) | Profits generated in projects under the Plan GasAr 2020-2024. In this case, (i) the profits generated by the foreign direct investment contributions entered and settled through the foreign exchange market as from November 16, 2020, destined to the financing of projects framed within the Plan GasAr 2020-2024. If the client is a direct beneficiary of Decree No. 277/2022, the value of the benefits of the client, directly or indirectly, shall be deducted from the amount allowed in the preceding paragraph, (ii) the access to the foreign exchange market occurs no earlier than two years from the date of settlement in the foreign exchange market of the contribution that allows the framing in this section, and (iii) the client must submit the documentation supporting the definitive capitalization of the contribution.

| (c) | The client must have a Certification of Increased Exports of Goods.

| (d) | It has a certification under the foreign exchange access regimes for incremental production of oil and/or natural gas.

Cases that do not comply with the above conditions will require the prior approval of the BCRA to access the foreign exchange market for the purchase of foreign currency for the distribution of profits and dividends.

Other specific provisions

Swaps, arbitrage and securities transactions

Financial institutions may carry out foreign exchange operations and arbitrage operations with their clients in the following cases:

| (i) | An individual transfers funds from his local accounts (which are already in foreign currency) to his own bank accounts outside of Argentina.

| (ii) | The transfer of foreign currency abroad by local common depositaries of marketable securities in connection with income received in foreign currency on account of principal and interest services on Argentine treasury bonds when such transaction is part of the payment procedure at the request of foreign common depositaries.

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| (iii) | Foreign currency transfers abroad made by individuals from their local accounts denominated in foreign currency to offshore collection accounts up to an amount of U.S.$ 500 in any month, provided that the individual submits a sworn statement stating that the transfer is made to assist in the support of Argentine residents who were forced to remain abroad in compliance with the measures adopted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

| (iv) | Arbitrage transactions not originating in transfers from abroad may be carried out without any restriction, to the extent that the funds are debited from a foreign currency account held by the customer with a local financial institution. To the extent that the funds are not debited from a foreign currency account held by the customer, these transactions may be carried out by individuals, without the prior approval of the BCRA, up to the amount allowed for the use of cash under Articles 3.8. and 3.13 of the Exchange Regime.

| (v) | Exchange and arbitrage transactions by non-resident individuals may be carried out without restrictions to the extent that the funds are credited to a tourist savings bank in accordance with the regulations on savings deposits, salary and special accounts.

| (vi) | Payments of debts originating from the importation of goods with customs entry registration up to December 12, 2023 or in services rendered or accrued by non-residents up to the aforementioned date, provided that the remaining regulatory requirements are met and they are carried out with funds deposited in a local account and originating from collections of capital and interest in foreign currency of the Bonds for the Reconstruction of a Free Argentina (BOPREAL).

(vii)Transfer of foreign currency abroad of customers from their special account for the Regime of Promotion of the Knowledge Economy to the extent that the regulatory requirements established for such purposes for each type of operation are complied with.
(viii)All other exchange and arbitrage operations may be carried out by customers without the prior approval of the BCRA to the extent that they would be permitted without such approval under other exchange regulations. This also applies to local common securities depositories with respect to income received in foreign currency as payments of principal and interest on foreign currency securities paid in Argentina.

If the transfer is made in the same currency in which the account is denominated, the financial institution will credit or debit the same amount as that received or sent from abroad. When the financial institution charges a commission or fee for these transactions, it will be instrumented in a specifically designated item.

Securities transactions

According to CNV General Resolution No. 988/2023, sales of marketable securities with settlement in foreign currency, in any jurisdiction and regardless of the law under which they are issued may be made, provided that a minimum holding period of 1 business day counted as of its accreditation at the Central Depository Agent of Negotiable Securities (“Agente Depositario Central de Valores Negociables”), to the extent that the purchases of the marketable securities in question have been made against Argentine pesos.

Likewise, transfers to foreign depository institutions of marketable securities purchased with Argentine pesos, regardless of the law under which they are issued, must comply with a minimum holding period of 1 business day as from the date of deposit of such marketable securities, unless such accreditation (i) results from a primary placement of marketable securities issued by the National Treasury or by the Central Bank, in the framework of the Communication “A” 7.918, as amended, (ii) or refers to Argentine shares and/or certificates of deposit (CEDEAR) traded in markets regulated by the CNV. Intermediaries and trading agents must verify compliance with the aforementioned minimum holding period of marketable securities.

In addition, (i) the beneficiaries of refinancings provided for in Article 1.1.1. of the rules on "Financial Services within the Framework of the Sanitary Emergency provided for by Decree No. 260/2020 Coronavirus (COVID-19)", until their total cancellation, (ii) the beneficiaries of "Zero Rate Credits", "Zero Rate Credits 2021", "Zero Rate Credits Culture" or "Subsidized Rate Credits for Companies", provided for in Articles1. 1.2. and 1.1.3. of the rules on "Financial Services within the Framework of the Sanitary Emergency provided by Decree No. 260/2020 Coronavirus (COVID-19)", until their total cancellation, (iii) the beneficiaries of financing in Argentine pesos under section 2 of the Communication "A" 6,937, Articles2 and 3 of Communication "A" 7. 006, as supplemented; until its total cancellation, (iv) the beneficiaries of Article 2 of Decree No. 319/2020 and complementary and regulatory rules, for the duration of the benefit with respect to the update of the value of the installment, and (v) the persons included in the Joint Resolution of the President of the Honorable Senate of the Nation and of the President of the Honorable Chamber of Deputies of the Nation No. 12/2020; will be prevented from selling marketable securities issued by residents to be settled in foreign currency in Argentina or transferring such marketable securities to foreign depositories or exchanging marketable securities issued by residents for foreign assets or the acquisition in the country with settlement in Argentine pesos of marketable securities issued by non-residents. Customers included in the BCRA Communications “A” 7,606 and “A” 7,609 may not carry out these transactions either.

Special provisions for financing under the Plan GasAr

Article 3.5.5 of the Exchange Regime states that to the extent that the BCRA’s prior conformity requirement is in effect for access to the foreign exchange market for the cancellation at maturity of principal and interest on foreign financial debt, this requirement shall not apply to the extent that all of the following conditions are met:

| (i) | The funds were used to finance projects within the framework of the Plan GasAr.

| (ii) | The funds have been deposited and settled by the foreign exchange market as of November 16, 2020; and

| (iii) | The indebtedness has an average life of not less than two years.

Special provisions for the Export Investment Promotion Regime established by Decree No. 234/20 21

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The Decree No. 234/2021 established a new Export Investment Promotion Regime (the “Promotion Regime”), with the objective, among others, of increasing exports of goods and promoting sustainable economic development. The Ministry of Economy and the Ministry of Productive Development will be the authorities for the application of the Promotion Regime.

The Promotion Regime covers investments for new productive projects in, among others, forestry, mining, hydrocarbon, manufacturing and agro-industrial activities, as well as the expansion of existing business units that require investments to increase their production. The benefits of the Promotion Regime do not apply to commodities such as wheat, corn, soybeans and biodiesel, among others. Although the regulatory entities may include and/or exclude activities from the Promotion Regime, the decree establishes that vested rights will not be affected.

The requirements are as follows:

| (i) | Both legal entities and individuals, resident or non-resident, may apply.

| (ii) | Presentation of an “Export Investment Project” consisting of a minimum direct investment of U.S.$ 100,000,000.

| (iii) | Comply with the terms and conditions of the projects submitted and approved by the regulators.

| (iv) | The followings time are not eligible to apply for the Promotion Regime: (a) individuals and legal entities whose representatives or directors have been convicted of certain crimes with prison sentences and/or disqualification for a specific period of time; (b) individuals and legal entities with overdue and unpaid tax or social security debts; (c) individuals and legal entities with tax or social security debts; (d) individuals and legal entities that have unpaid taxes, fees, fines or surcharges imposed on them by a final judicial or administrative decision in customs, exchange, tax or social security matters; and (e) individuals that have unjustifiably failed to comply with their obligations in connection with other promotion schemes.

Once the relevant requirements have been verified, the application authority will approve the project and will issue an “Export Investment Certificate” for the purpose of accessing the benefits established by the Promotion Regime, which will have a term of 15 years.

Beneficiaries participating in the Export Promotion Regime may apply up to 20% of the foreign currency income obtained from exports related to the project to (i) the payment of principal and interest of financial or commercial debts with foreign countries, (ii) the payment of dividends, and (iii) the repatriation of direct investments of non-residents. However, this benefit may not exceed an annual maximum of 25% of the gross amount of foreign currency liquidated by such beneficiary through the foreign exchange market to finance the development of the project. In estimating the gross amount of foreign currency settled by the beneficiary in the foreign exchange market to finance the project, foreign currency flows from exports will not be taken into account.

In the case of projects involving investments in excess of U.S.$ 500,000,000, the beneficiaries may opt to access an extended benefit for each year in which the benefit previously provided for has not been used.

In the case of projects involving investments between U.S.$ 500,000,000 and U.S.$ 1,000,000,000, for each year in which the benefit has not been used, they may enjoy, for two consecutive years, an amount of free application equivalent to double the percentage previously foreseen.

The calculation of the benefit will be made on the foreign exchange earned from exports related to the project during the year in which the extended benefit is used.

The amount of the free application benefit may not exceed an annual maximum of 40% of the gross amount of the foreign currency effectively entered by the beneficiary in the foreign exchange market to finance the development of the project, at the time of making use of the same.

The benefits of the Promotion Regime will cease (i) upon expiration of the term of use, (ii) in certain cases, when the beneficiary ceases to have the capacity to carry out the activity that is the reason for the investment project, as established in the applicable regime, or (iii) if the beneficiary fails to comply with its obligations under the Promotion Regime without justification.

Criminal Exchange Regime

The Exchange Regime establishes that transactions that do not comply with the exchange regulations established by the Exchange Regime will be subject to the Criminal Exchange Regime (Law No. 19,359 and amendments).

For further information on the exchange control restrictions and regulations in force, you should consult your legal advisors and read the applicable rules mentioned in this document, as well as their amendments and complementary regulations, which are available on the website: http://www.infoleg.gob.ar or on the BCRA's website https://www.bcra.gob.ar, as applicable. The information contained in these websites is not part of this annual report and is not deemed to be incorporated herein.

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Item 10.ETaxation

The following discussion contains a description of the principal Argentine and United States federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our Class B shares or ADSs. It does not purport to be a comprehensive description of

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all the tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to purchase our Class B shares or ADSs, it is not applicable to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special rules, and it does not specifically address all of the Argentine and United States federal income tax considerations applicable to any particular holder. This discussion is based upon the tax laws of Argentina and the regulations thereunder and the tax laws of the United States and the regulations thereunder as in effect on the date of this annual report, which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect, and to differing interpretations. Each prospective purchaser is urged to consult its own tax advisor about the particular Argentine and United States federal income tax consequences to it of an investment in our Class B shares or ADSs. This discussion is also based upon the representations of the Depositary and on the assumption that each obligation set forth in the deposit agreement among us, the Depositary and the registered holders and beneficial owners of the ADSs, and any related documents, will be performed in accordance with its terms.

Material Argentine Tax Considerations

The following discussion is a summary of the material Argentine tax considerations relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of our Class B shares or ADSs. The following summary is based upon tax laws and the respective regulations of Argentina as in effect on the date of this document and is subject to any change in Argentine legislation that may come into effect after such date. Any change could apply retroactively and could affect the continued validity of this summary. Additionally, please note that this summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all the Argentine tax considerations that may be relevant to a holder of our Class B shares or ADSs. No assurance can be given that the courts or tax authorities responsible for the administration of the laws and regulations described in this report will agree with this interpretation. Holders are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the tax treatment of our Class B shares or ADSs as it relates to their situation.

Income Tax

Taxation on Dividends

According to the Argentine Income Tax Law (“ITL”), taxation applicable on the distribution of dividends from Argentine companies would be as follows:

| (i) | Dividends originated in profits obtained during tax periods beginning up to December 31, 2017, whether disbursed in cash, property or other equity securities: no Argentine income tax withholding would apply on dividend distributions except for the application of the “Equalization Tax.” The Equalization Tax is applicable when the dividends distributed are higher than the “net accumulated taxable income” of the immediate previous fiscal period from when the distribution is made. To determine the “net accumulated taxable income” from the income calculated by the ITL, the income tax paid in the same fiscal period should be subtracted and the local dividends received in the previous fiscal period should be added to such income. The Equalization Tax would be imposed as a 35% withholding tax on the shareholder receiving the dividend. Dividend distributions made in property (other than cash) would be subject to the same tax rules as cash dividends. Stock dividends on fully paid shares (“acciones liberadas”) are not subject to Equalization Tax.

| (ii) | Dividends on Argentine shares originated in profits obtained during fiscal years initiated on or after January 1, 2018 and paid to Argentine resident individuals and/or non-Argentine residents would be subject to a 7% income tax withholding on the amount of such dividends (“Dividend Tax”). However, if dividends are distributed to Argentine Entities (in general, entities organized or incorporated under Argentine law, certain traders and intermediaries, local branches of non-Argentine entities, sole proprietorships and individuals carrying on certain commercial activities in Argentina), no Dividend Tax should apply. Equalization Tax is not applicable.

For Argentine individuals and undivided estates not registered before the Argentine tax authorities as taxpayers for income tax purposes, as well as for non-Argentine residents, the Dividend Tax withholding will be considered a final payment. Argentine individuals and undivided estates are not allowed to offset income arising from the distribution of dividends on Argentine shares with losses from other types of operations.

The ITL provides a first in-first out rule pursuant to which distributed dividends correspond to the former accumulated profits of the distributing company.

Holders are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the particular Argentine income tax consequences derived from profit distributions made on Class B shares and ADSs.

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Capital gains tax

According to income tax regulations, the results derived from the transfer of shares, quotas and other equity interests, titles, bonds and other securities, are subject to Argentine income tax (unless an exemption applies), regardless of the type of beneficiary who realizes the gain.

Capital gains obtained by Argentine corporate entities (in general, entities organized or incorporated under Argentine law, certain traders and intermediaries, local branches of non-Argentine entities, sole proprietorships and individuals carrying on certain commercial activities in Argentina, among others) derived from the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares in Argentine entities are subject to income tax on the net income based on a progressive tax rate system (set from 25% to 35% depending on the net accumulated taxable income). The applicable scales for fiscal periods commencing on or after January 1, 2024, are as follows: (i) net taxable income accumulated up to $34,703,523.08 will be subject to a rate of 25%; (ii) net taxable income accumulated over $34,703,523.08 up to $347,035,230.79 will incur a payment of $8,675,880.77 plus 30% on the excess over $34,703,523.08; and (iii) net taxable income accumulated from $347,035,230.79 onwards will be subject to a payment of $102,375,393.08 plus 35% on the excess over $347,035,230.79.

The amounts stated in the scales described are annually updated since January 1, 2022 based on an inflation index.

Losses arising from the sale of shares can only be offset against income derived from the same type and source of operations, for a five-year carryover period.

Starting in 2018, income obtained by Argentine resident individuals and undivided estates located in Argentina from the sale of shares and other securities are exempt from capital gains tax in the following cases: (i) shares placed through a CNV- authorized public offering; and/or (ii) shares traded on CNV- authorized stock markets with segments ensuring priority of price-time and interference of offers; and/or (iii) the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares through CNV-authorized tender offer regimes and/or share exchanges.

In addition, Section 34 of Law No. 27,541, provides that since tax period 2020, in the case of securities under the provisions of Section 98 of the ITL, not included in the first paragraph of Section 26 subsection u) of the ITL, Argentine resident individuals and undivided estates located in Argentina are exempt from capital gains tax derived from their sale, exchange, or disposal to the extent said securities are listed on stock exchanges or securities markets authorized by the CNV, without being applicable the provisions of Section 109 of the ITL. In this sense, Section 109 of the ITL provides that the total or partial exemptions established or that will be established in the future by special laws regarding securities, issued by the national, provincial, or municipal States or the City of Buenos Aires, will not have effects on income tax for Argentine resident individuals and undivided estates located in Argentina. ADSs would not qualify for the exemption applicable to Argentine resident individuals since the referred conditions would not apply.

If the exemption does not apply, the income derived by Argentine resident individuals and undivided estates located in Argentina from the sale, exchange or other disposition of ADSs (and shares, if applicable) is subject to income capital gains tax at a 15% rate on net income (calculated in Argentine currency). The acquisition cost may be updated pursuant to the IPC inflationary index rate to the extent the equity participation was acquired after January 1, 2018. Losses arising from the sale of non-exempt Argentine shares can only be offset by Argentine individuals and undivided estates located in Argentina against income derived from operations of the same source and type (understanding by “type” the different concepts of income included under each article of Chapter II, Title IV of the ITL), for a five-year carryover period.

If Argentine resident individuals and undivided estates located in Argentina perform a conversion procedure of securities representing shares, that do not meet the exemption requirements stated in the conditions mentioned in points (i), (ii) and (iii) of the paragraph above, with the intention to hold instead the underlying shares that do comply with said requirements, such conversion would be considered a taxable transfer of the securities representing shares for which the fair market value by the time the conversion takes place should be considered. The same tax treatment will apply if the conversion process involves shares that do not meet the exemption requirements stated above that are converted into securities representing shares to which the exemption is applicable.

Once the underlying shares or securities representing shares are converted, the results obtained from the sale, exchange, swap or any other disposition thereof would be exempt from income tax provided that the conditions mentioned in points (i), (ii) and (iii) of the paragraph above are satisfied.

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In light of amendments introduced by Law No. 27,541, it could also be construed that a capital gains exemption could also apply for Argentine resident individuals and undivided estates located in Argentina if the securities involved in the conversion process are listed on stock exchanges or securities markets authorized by the CNV (although the matter is not free from doubt and further clarifications should be issued).

Due to the amendments introduced to the ITL, as from 2018, non-Argentine resident individuals or legal entities (“Foreign Beneficiaries”) are also exempt from income tax derived from the sale of Argentine shares in the following cases: (i) when the shares are placed through a public offering authorized by the CNV; and/or (ii) when the shares are traded on CNV- authorized stock markets, under segments that ensure priority of price-time and interference of offers; and/or (iii) when the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares is made through a tender offer regime and/or exchange of shares authorized by the CNV. The applicable exemption on the sale of Argentine shares will proceed as long as the Foreign Beneficiary does not reside nor do the funds originate from “non-cooperative jurisdictions” (as defined below) and, in accordance with Section 90 of the Regulatory Decree of the ITL (RD ITL).

In addition, the Law No. 27,430 stated that income derived from the sale of ADSs is categorized as Argentine source income. However, capital gains obtained from the sale, exchange or other disposition of ADSs by Foreign Beneficiaries that reside in jurisdictions that are not considered "non- cooperative jurisdictions” and, in accordance with Section 90 of the RD ITL, whose funds do not originate from jurisdictions considered “non-cooperative jurisdictions”, are exempt from income tax on capital gains derived from the sale of ADSs to the extent the underlying shares are authorized for public offering by the CNV.

In case Foreign Beneficiaries conduct a conversion process of shares that do not meet the exemption requirements, into securities representing shares that are exempt from income tax pursuant to the conditions stated above, such conversion would be considered a taxable transfer for which the fair market value by the time the conversion takes place should be considered.

In case the exemption is not applicable, and the Foreign Beneficiaries are not resident in, and their invested funds do not originate from, non-cooperative jurisdictions, the gain derived from the disposition of ADSs would be subject to Argentine income tax at a 15% rate on the net capital gain or at a 13.5% effective rate on the gross price.

For Foreign Beneficiaries resident in or whose funds originate from jurisdictions considered as non-cooperative for purposes of fiscal transparency, the tax rate applicable to the sales of shares and/or ADSs is assessed at a 35% rate applicable on a presumed net gain basis set at 90%. General Resolution (AFIP) No 4,227/2018 also provides different payment mechanisms depending on the specific circumstances of the sale transaction. In line with Section 252 of the RD ITL, in the cases included in the last paragraph of Section 98 of the ITL (i.e., when the acquirer and the seller of the security involved are non-Argentine residents), the tax shall be paid by the foreign seller directly through the mechanism established for such purpose by the tax authorities, or (i) through an Argentine individual resident with sufficient mandate or (ii) by the foreign seller’s legal representative domiciled in Argentina.

Holders are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the Argentine income tax consequences derived from holding and disposing of Class B shares and ADSs and whether any different treatment under a treaty to avoid double taxation could apply.

Tax treaties

Argentina has signed tax treaties for the avoidance of double taxation with Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Qatar, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and Uruguay. The treaties signed with China, Luxembourg, Turkey, Austria and Japan are still undergoing the respective ratification procedures. There is currently no tax treaty for the avoidance of double taxation in effect between Argentina and the United States. Since January 2021 an international administrative agreement for the exchange of information between the Argentine tax administration (“AFIP”) and the United States tax administration (Internal Revenue Service, “IRS”) has been in force.

Additionally, it should be noted that a legislative bill has undergone parliamentary consideration, approving the "Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting," signed within the framework of the OECD. The approval of this bill will result in modifications to the agreements signed with 17 jurisdictions.

It is not clear when, if ever, a treaty and/or multilateral instrument with the United States will be ratified or entered into effect. As a result, the Argentine tax consequences described in this section will apply, without modification, to a holder of our Class B shares or ADSs that is a U.S. resident. Foreign shareholders located in certain jurisdictions with a tax treaty in force with Argentina may be (i)

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exempted from the payment of the personal assets tax and (ii) entitled to apply for reduced withholding tax rates on payments to be made by Argentine parties if certain conditions are met.

Holders are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the potential application of the provisions of a treaty in their specific circumstances.

Personal assets tax

Argentine entities must pay the personal assets tax corresponding to Argentine and foreign resident individuals and foreign resident entities for the holding of company shares by December 31 of each year. For tax period 2019, inclusive, and onwards the applicable tax rate is 0.50% and is levied on the proportional net worth value (“valor patrimonial proporcional”) by December 31st of each year, of the shares arising from the last balance sheet. Pursuant to the Personal Assets Tax Law, the Argentine company is entitled to seek reimbursement of such paid tax from the applicable Argentine resident individuals and/or foreign resident shareholders. The Argentine company may seek this reimbursement of Personal Assets Tax by setting off the applicable tax against any amount due to its shareholders or in any other way or, under certain circumstances, waive its right under Argentine law to seek reimbursement from the shareholders.

Holders are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the particular Argentine personal assets tax consequences derived from the holding of Class B shares and ADSs.

Value added tax

The sale, exchange or other disposition of our Class B shares or ADSs and the distribution of dividends are exempted from the value added tax.

Tax on debits and credits on Argentine bank accounts

All credits and debits originated in bank accounts held at Argentine financial institutions, as well as certain cash payments, are subject to this tax, which is assessed at a general rate of 0.6%. There are also increased rates of 1.2% and reduced rates of 0.075%. According to Section 45 of Law No. 27,541, the applicable rate of tax on debits and credits on Argentine bank accounts (the “TDC”) is doubled for certain cash withdrawals made by certain Argentine legal entities. Owners of bank accounts subject to the general 0.6% rate may consider 33% of the tax paid as a tax credit against specific taxes. The taxpayers that are subject to the 1.2% rate may consider 33% of all tax paid as a credit against specific taxes. Such amounts can be utilized as a credit for income tax or for the special contributions on cooperatives capital. The remaining amount is deductible for income tax purposes. If lower rates were applied, the available credit would be reduced to 20%. Additionally, Law No. 27,264 establishes that 100% of the tax paid may be considered as a credit against income tax by entities that are characterized as “micro” and “small” and 60% of the tax paid may be considered as a credit against income tax by those entities related to the manufacturing industry that are characterized as “medium - stage 1-” by means of section 1 of Law No. 25,300 and its complementary ones.

TDC has certain exemptions. Debits and credits in special checking accounts (created under Communication “A” 3250 of the Argentine Central Bank) are exempted from this tax if the accounts are held by foreign legal entities and if they are exclusively used for financial investments in Argentina. For certain exemptions and/or tax rate reductions to apply, bank accounts must be registered with the Tax Authority (AFIP-DGI) in accordance with General Resolution (AFIP) No.3900/2016.

It is noted that according to Decree No. 796/2021, the TDC exemptions foreseen in Decree No. 380/2001 and other regulations of the same nature shall not be applicable in those cases where cash payments are related to the purchase, sale, exchange, intermediation and/or any other type of operation on crypto assets, cryptocurrencies, digital currencies or similar instruments, in the terms defined by the applicable rules.

Whenever financial institutions governed by Law No. 21,526 make payments acting in their own name and behalf, the application of the TDC is restricted to certain specific transactions. Such specific transactions include, among others, dividends or profits distributions.

Pursuant to Law No. 27,702, the following taxes which initially expired on December 31, 2022 were extended until December 31, 2027: Income Tax, Personal assets tax and TDC.

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Tax on minimum presumed income

Pursuant to Law No. 27,260, passed by the Argentine Congress on June 29, 2016, the tax on minimum presumed income was eliminated for tax periods beginning as of January 1, 2019.

PAIS Tax (“Impuesto para una Argentina inclusiva y solidaria”)

Law No. 27,541 establishes, on an emergency basis and for the term of five fiscal periods from the entry into force of said law (i.e. December 23, 2019), a federal tax applicable to certain transactions for the purchase of foreign currency for saving purposes or without a specific destination and other operations of currency exchange and acquisition of services performed by Argentine tax residents (individuals, undivided estates, legal entities, among others). The applicable rate is, in general, 30%.

Investors should consider the provisions that apply to them according to their specific case.

In addition, General Resolution (AFIP) N° 4815/2020 established on the operations subject to PAIS Tax and for the taxpayers defined in Article 36 of Law No. 27,541 that qualify as Argentine residents, in the terms of Article 116 and subsequent of the ITL, the application of a thirty percent (30%) income tax collection on the amounts in Ps. that, for each case, are detailed in Article 39 of the Law No. 27,541.

Said collection will be considered an advance payment of the income tax and will be computable in the annual income tax return or, where appropriate, the annual personal assets tax return, corresponding to the fiscal period in which they were incurred. If a surplus is generated in the corresponding tax, it will be considered direct income and can be used to offset other tax obligations.

Additionally, this general resolution establishes a refund regime for those persons or entities to whom the established collection has been applied and who are not taxpayers of income tax or, where appropriate, personal assets tax.

Gross turnover tax

This tax is a provincial tax, which is also levied in the City of Buenos Aires, applicable to gross revenues resulting from the regular and onerous exercise of commerce, industry, profession, business, services or any other onerous activity conducted on a regular basis within the respective Argentine jurisdiction. Each of the provinces and the City of Buenos Aires apply different tax rates depending on the type of activity.

In addition, gross turnover tax could be applicable on the transfer of Class B shares or ADSs and on the perception of dividends to the extent such activity is conducted on a regular basis within an Argentine province or within the City of Buenos Aires. However, under the Tax Code of the City of Buenos Aires, any transaction with shares as well as the perception of dividends are exempt from gross turnover tax.

Holders of Class B shares and ADSs are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the particular gross turnover tax consequences of holding and disposing of Class B shares and ADSs in the involved jurisdictions.

Regimes for the Collection of Provincial Tax Revenues on the Amounts Credited to Bank Accounts

Different tax authorities (i.e., City of Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Córdoba, Tucumán, Province of Buenos Aires and Salta, among others) have established collection regimes for gross turnover tax purposes applicable to those credits verified in accounts opened at financial entities, of any type and/or nature and including all branch offices, irrespective of territorial location. These regimes apply to those taxpayers included in the lists provided monthly by the tax authorities of each jurisdiction. The applicable rates may vary depending on the jurisdiction involved. Collections made under these regimes shall be considered as a payment on account of the gross turnover tax. Note that certain jurisdictions have excluded the application of these regimes on certain financial transactions. Holders of Class B shares and ADSs shall corroborate the existence of any exclusions to these regimes in accordance with the jurisdiction involved.

Stamp tax

Stamp tax is a provincial tax, which is also levied in the City of Buenos Aires, applicable to the execution of onerous transactions within an Argentine provincial jurisdiction or the City of Buenos Aires or outside an Argentine provincial jurisdiction or

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the City of Buenos Aires but with effects in such jurisdiction. In the City of Buenos Aires, acts or instruments related to the negotiation of shares and other securities duly authorized for its public offering by the CNV are exempt from stamp tax to the extent their placement is made within a 180-days term counting as from when such authorization is granted.

Holders of Class B shares and ADSs are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the particular stamp tax consequences arising in the involved jurisdictions.

Prospective investors should consider the tax consequences in force in the above-mentioned jurisdictions at the time the concerned document is executed and/or becomes effective.

Other taxes

There are no federal inheritance or succession taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of our Class B shares or ADSs. At the provincial level, the province of Buenos Aires imposes a tax on free transmission of assets, including inheritance, legacies, donations, etc. For tax period 2024, any gratuitous transfer of property lower than or equal to Ps. 2,038,752 is exempt. This amount is increased to Ps. 8,488,486 in the case of transfers among parents, sons, daughters and spouses. The amount to be taxed, which includes a fixed component and a variable component that is based on differential rates (which range from 1.6026% to 9.5131%), varies according to the property value to be transferred and the degree of kinship of the parties involved. Free transmission of Class B shares or ADSs could be subject to this tax. Holders of Class B shares and ADSs are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the tax consequences arising in the involved jurisdictions.

Court tax

In the event that it becomes necessary to institute enforcement proceedings in relation to our Class B shares and ADSs in the federal courts of Argentina or the courts sitting in the City of Buenos Aires, a court tax (currently at a rate of 3.0%) will be imposed on the amount of any claim brought before such courts. Certain court and other taxes could be imposed on the amount of any claim brought before the Province courts.

Incoming Funds Arising from Non-Cooperative or Low or Nil Tax Jurisdictions

According to Section 82 of the Law No. 27,430, for fiscal purposes, any reference to “low tax or no tax countries” or “non-cooperative countries” should be understood to be “non-cooperative jurisdictions or low or nil tax jurisdictions,” as defined in Section 19 and Section 20 of the ITL.

As defined under Section 19 of the ITL, “non-cooperative jurisdictions” are those countries or jurisdictions that do not have an agreement in force with the Argentine government for the exchange of information on tax matters or a treaty to avoid international double taxation with a broad clause for the exchange of information. Likewise, those countries that, having an agreement of this type in force, do not effectively comply with the exchange of information will also be considered as non-cooperative. The aforementioned treaties and agreements must comply with international standards of transparency and exchange of information on fiscal matters to which the Argentine Republic has committed. The Executive Branch published a list of the non-cooperative jurisdictions based on the criteria above. In this sense, Section 24 of the RD ITL lists the jurisdictions that should be considered as “non-cooperative” under the disposition of Section 19 of the ITL.

In turn, “low or nil tax jurisdictions” are defined as those countries, domains, jurisdictions, territories, associated states or special tax regimes in which the maximum corporate income tax rate is lower than 60% of the minimum corporate income tax rate established in the first paragraph of Section 73 of the ITL. In light of Section 25 of the RD ITL, for purposes of determining the taxation level referred to in Article 20 of the ITL, the aggregate corporate tax rate in each jurisdiction, regardless of the governmental level in which the taxes were levied must be considered. In turn, “special tax regime” is understood as any regulation or specific scheme that departs from the general corporate tax regime applicable in said country and results in an effective rate below that stated under the general regime.

According to the legal presumption under Section 18.2 of Law No. 11,683, as amended, incoming funds from non-cooperative or low or nil jurisdictions could be deemed unjustified net worth increases for the Argentine party, no matter the nature of the operation involved. Unjustified net worth increases are subject to the following taxes:

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| ● | income tax would be assessed at 110% of the amount of funds transferred.

| ● | VAT and Excise Tax (if any) would be assessed at 110% of the amount of funds transferred.

Although the concept of “incoming funds” is not clear, it should be construed as any transfer of funds:

| (i) | from an account in a non-cooperative/low or nil tax jurisdiction or from a bank account opened outside of a non-cooperative or low or nil tax jurisdiction but owned by an entity located in a non-cooperative or low or nil tax jurisdiction;

| (ii) | to a bank account located in Argentina or to a bank account opened outside of Argentina but owned by an Argentine party.

The Argentine party may rebut such legal presumption by duly evidencing before the Argentine tax authority that the funds arise from activities effectively performed by the Argentine party or by a third party in such jurisdiction, or that such funds have been previously declared.

THE ABOVE SUMMARY IS NOT INTENDED TO BE A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF ALL TAX CONSEQUENCES RELATING TO THE OWNERSHIP OR DISPOSITION OF CLASS B SHARES OR ADSs. HOLDERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES ARISING IN EACH PARTICULAR CASE.

United States Federal Income Tax Considerations

This discussion describes certain U.S. federal income tax consequences for a U.S. holder (as defined below) of acquiring, owning and disposing of the Class B shares and ADSs (and to the extent provided under “Information Reporting and Backup Withholding” and “FATCA” below, investors other than U.S. holders). This discussion does not contain a detailed description of all potential U.S. federal income tax consequences and does not address the Medicare tax on net investment income, U.S. federal estate and gift taxes or the effects of any state, local or non-U.S. tax laws. In addition, this discussion does not apply to certain classes of holders, such as persons that own or are deemed to own 10% or more of the voting power or 10% or more of the total value of all classes of our stock, dealers in securities or currencies, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, traders that elect mark-to-market accounting for securities holdings, banks or other financial institutions, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (or a partner therein), persons who are liable for alternative minimum tax, persons who acquired the Class B shares or ADSs pursuant to the exercise of an employee stock option or otherwise as compensation, persons holding the Class B shares or ADSs in connection with a trade or business conducted outside of the United States, persons holding the Class B shares or ADSs as a position in a “straddle” or conversion transaction, or as part of a “synthetic security” or other integrated financial transaction, persons required to accelerate the recognition of any item of gross income with respect to the Class B shares or ADSs as a result of such income being recognized on an applicable financial statement, or U.S. holders that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, all of which may be subject to rules that differ significantly from those described below. This discussion assumes that the Class B shares and ADSs are held as “capital assets” for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

This discussion is based on the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“the Code”), Treasury regulations, administrative rulings and judicial authority, all as in effect as of this date. All of these laws and authorities are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. You should consult your own tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of the Class B shares and ADSs in light of your particular circumstances.

For purposes of this summary, you are a U.S. holder if you are a beneficial owner of Class B shares or ADSs and you are, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, an individual citizen or resident of the United States, a U.S. domestic corporation, or otherwise subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis with respect to income from the Class B shares and ADSs.

In general, if you are the beneficial owner of ADSs, you will be treated as the beneficial owner of the Class B shares represented by those ADSs for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and no gain or loss will be recognized if you exchange an ADS for the Class B shares represented by that ADS.

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Dividends

Subject to the discussion under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company” below, the gross amount of distributions paid with respect to the Class B shares or ADSs (including the amount of any Argentine taxes withheld), other than certain pro rata distributions of Class B shares or ADSs, will be treated as dividends to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Because we do not maintain calculations of earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles, it is expected that distributions generally will be reported to you as dividends. Any dividends you receive (including any withheld taxes) will be includable in your income on the date of your receipt of the dividend, or in the case of ADSs, the Depositary’s receipt of the dividend. Such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally available to U.S. corporations. Dividends paid in Pesos or other non-U.S. currency will be included in a U.S. holder’s income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of a U.S. holder’s receipt of the dividend, or in the case of ADSs, the Depositary’s receipt of the dividend, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. If such a dividend is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, you generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. If such a dividend is not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. holder generally will have a basis in the non-U.S. currency equal to its U.S. dollar value on that date. A U.S. holder generally will be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss realized on a subsequent conversion or other disposition of such currency, which will be treated as U.S.-source ordinary income or loss.

Dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. holders will generally be subject to taxation at reduced rates if the dividends are “qualified dividends.” Subject to applicable limitations (including a minimum holding period requirement), dividends paid on the ADSs will be treated as qualified dividends if (i) the ADSs are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States and (ii) we were not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and are not, in the year in which the dividend is paid, a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”) (see the discussion under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company” below).

Because the Class B shares are not themselves listed on a U.S. exchange, dividends received with respect to the Class B shares that are not represented by ADSs generally will not be treated as qualified dividends. U.S. holders of Class B shares or ADSs should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of the reduced dividend tax rate in the light of their own particular circumstances.

Dividends received by U.S. holders will generally constitute foreign-source income and “passive category” income for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. Subject to certain conditions and limitations (including a minimum holding period requirement) and the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations (as defined below), any Argentine tax withheld from dividends on the Class B shares or ADSs may be treated as a foreign income tax eligible for credit against a U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. However, Treasury regulations addressing foreign tax credits (the “Foreign Tax Credit Regulations”) impose additional requirements for foreign taxes to be eligible for a foreign tax credit, and there can be no assurance that those requirements will be satisfied. The Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) are considering proposing amendments to the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations. In addition, recent notices from the IRS provide temporary relief by allowing taxpayers that comply with applicable requirements to apply many aspects of the foreign tax credit regulations as they previously existed (before the release of the current Foreign Tax Credit Regulations) for taxable years ending before the date that a notice or other guidance withdrawing or modifying the temporary relief is issued (or any later date specified in such notice or other guidance). Any amounts withheld on account of the Argentine personal assets tax (as discussed in “—Material Argentine Tax Considerations”) will not be a foreign income tax eligible for credit against a U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. Instead of claiming a foreign tax credit, a U.S. holder may be able to deduct any Argentine tax withheld from dividends in computing such holder’s taxable income, subject to generally applicable limitations under U.S. law (including that a U.S. holder is not eligible for a deduction for otherwise creditable foreign income taxes paid or accrued in a taxable year if such U.S. holder claims a foreign tax credit for any foreign income taxes paid or accrued in the same taxable year). The rules with respect to foreign tax credits and deductions for foreign taxes are complex and U.S. holders are urged to consult their independent tax advisors regarding the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations (and the related temporary relief in the IRS notices) and the availability of the foreign tax credit or a deduction under their particular circumstances.

Passive Foreign Investment Company

Based on the composition of our income and assets and the valuation of our assets, we do not believe we were a PFIC for 2023, although there can be no assurance in this regard.

In general, we will be a PFIC for any taxable year in which:

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| ● | at least 75% of our gross income is passive income, or

| ● | at least 50% of the value (generally determined based on a quarterly average) of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or at held for the production of passive income.

For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, cetain royalties and rent and gains from financial investments (other than certain income derived in the active conduct of a banking business as discussed below). In addition, cash and other assets readily convertible into cash are generally considered passive assets. If we own at least 25% (by value) of the stock of another corporation, for purposes of determining whether we are a PFIC, we will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the other corporation’s assets and receiving our proportionate share of the other corporation’s income.

Our determination with respect to our PFIC status is based in part upon certain proposed U.S. Treasury regulations. Those regulations and other administrative pronouncements from the IRS provide special rules for determining the character of income derived in the active conduct of a banking business for purposes of the PFIC rules. Specifically, these rules treat certain income earned by a non-U.S. corporation engaged in the active conduct of a banking business as non-passive income. Although we believe we are engaged in the active conduct of a banking business, the application of these special rules to our activities, and, thus, the characterization of some of our income and assets for purposes of the PFIC rules, is not entirely clear. Thus, there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with our determination with respect to our PFIC status. In addition, these special rules are subject to change in the future.

The determination of whether we are a PFIC is made annually. Accordingly, it is possible that we may become a PFIC in the current or any future taxable year due to changes in our asset or income composition. If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our Class B shares or ADSs, you will be subject to special tax rules discussed below.

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our Class B shares or ADSs and you do not make a timely mark-to-market election, as described below, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” received and any gain realized from a sale or other disposition, including a pledge, of such Class B shares or ADSs. Distributions received in a taxable year will be treated as excess distributions to the extent that they are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the Class B shares or ADSs. Under these special tax rules:

| ● | the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the Class B shares or ADSs,

| ● | the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and

| ● | the amount allocated to each other year will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for that year for individuals or corporations, as applicable, and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year.

Although the determination of whether we are a PFIC is made annually, if we are a PFIC for any taxable year in which you hold our Class B shares or ADSs, you will generally be subject to the special tax rules described above for that year and for each subsequent year in which you hold the Class B shares or ADSs (even if we do not qualify as a PFIC in such subsequent years). However, if you own Class B shares or ADSs and we cease to be a PFIC, you may be able to avoid the continuing impact of the PFIC rules by making a special election to recognize gain as if your Class B shares or ADSs had been sold on the last day of the last taxable year during which we were a PFIC. You are urged to consult your own tax advisor about this election.

In lieu of being subject to the special tax rules discussed above, you may make a mark-to-market election with respect to your Class B shares or ADSs provided such Class B shares or ADSs are treated as “marketable stock.” Class B shares or ADSs generally will be treated as marketable stock if the Class B shares or ADSs shares are regularly traded on a “qualified exchange or other market” (within the meaning of the applicable Treasury regulations). Under current law, the mark-to-market election may be available to holders of ADSs for as long as the ADSs are traded on the NYSE, which constitutes a qualified exchange, although there can be no assurance that the ADSs will be “regularly traded” for purposes of the mark-to-market election. The Class B shares are traded on the ByMA, which must meet certain trading, listing, financial disclosure and other requirements to be treated as a qualified exchange for these purposes, and no assurance can be given that the Class B shares will be “regularly traded” for purposes of the mark-to-market election.

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If you make an effective mark-to-market election, for each taxable year that we are a PFIC you will include as ordinary income the excess of the fair market value of your Class B shares or ADSs at the end of the year over your adjusted tax basis in the Class B shares or ADSs. You will be entitled to deduct as an ordinary loss in each such year the excess of your adjusted tax basis in the Class B shares or ADSs over their fair market value at the end of the year, but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election. Your adjusted tax basis in the Class B shares or ADSs will be increased by the amount of any income inclusion and decreased by the amount of any deductions under the mark-to-market rules. In addition, upon the sale or other disposition of your Class B shares or ADSs in a year that we are a PFIC, (i) any gain will be treated as ordinary income and (ii) any loss will be treated as ordinary loss, but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election, and thereafter will be capital loss.

If you make a mark-to-market election, it will be effective for the taxable year for which the election is made and all subsequent taxable years unless the Class B shares or ADSs are no longer regularly traded on a qualified exchange or other market, or the IRS consents to the revocation of the election. You are urged to consult your tax advisor about the availability of the mark-to-market election, and whether making the election would be advisable in your particular circumstances.

Alternatively, holders of shares in a PFIC can sometimes avoid the special tax rules described above by electing to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under Section 1295 of the Code. However, this option is not available to you because we do not intend to comply with the requirements necessary to permit you to make this election.

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our Class B shares or ADSs and any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries is also a PFIC, you will be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC for purposes of the application of the PFIC rules. You will not be eligible to make the mark-to-market election described above in respect of any lower- tier PFIC. You are urged to consult your tax advisors about the application of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries.

You will generally be required to file IRS Form 8621 if you hold our Class B shares or ADSs in any year in which we are classified as a PFIC. You are urged to consult your tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding our Class B shares or ADSs if we are considered a PFIC in any taxable year.

Sale or Other Disposition

Upon a sale or other disposition of the Class B shares or ADSs, U.S. holders will recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized on the disposition and the U.S. holder’s tax basis, determined in U.S. dollars, in the Class B shares or ADSs. Subject to the discussion under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company” above, such gain or loss will generally be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the Class B shares or ADSs were held for more than one year. A U.S. holder’s ability to offset capital losses against ordinary income is limited. Long-term capital gain recognized by a non-corporate U.S. holder may be taxable at a preferential rate. Any gain or loss will generally be U.S.–source gain or loss for foreign tax credit purposes. Consequently, a U.S. holder may not be eligible for a foreign tax credit for any Argentine tax imposed upon the sale or other disposition of the Class B shares or ADSs unless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against tax due on other income treated as derived from foreign sources. However, pursuant to the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations, any such Argentine tax would generally not be a foreign income tax eligible for a foreign tax credit (regardless of any other income that a U.S. holder may have that is derived from foreign sources). In such case, the non-creditable Argentine tax may reduce the amount realized on the sale or other disposition of the Class B shares or ADSs. As discussed above, however, recent notices from the IRS provide temporary relief by allowing taxpayers that comply with applicable requirements to apply many aspects of the foreign tax credit regulations as they previously existed (before the release of the current Foreign Tax Credit Regulations) for taxable years ending before the date that a notice or other guidance withdrawing or modifying the temporary relief is issued (or any later date specified in such notice or other guidance). If any Argentine tax is imposed upon the sale or other disposition of the Class B shares or ADSs and a U.S. holder applies such temporary relief, such Argentine tax may be eligible for a foreign tax credit or deduction, subject to the applicable conditions and limitations. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations (and the related temporary relief in the IRS notices) and the availability of the foreign tax credit or a deduction under their particular circumstances.

Foreign Financial Asset Reporting

Certain U.S. holders that own “specified foreign financial assets” with an aggregate value in excess of U.S.$50,000 on the last day of the taxable year or U.S.$75,000 at any time during the taxable year are generally required to file an information statement along with their tax returns, currently on IRS Form 8938, with respect to such assets. “Specified foreign financial assets” include any financial

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accounts held at a non-U.S. financial institution, as well as securities issued by a non-U.S. issuer (which would include the Class B shares and ADSs) that are not held in accounts maintained by financial institutions. Higher reporting thresholds apply to certain individuals living abroad and to certain married individuals. Regulations extend this reporting requirement to certain entities that are treated as formed or availed of to hold direct or indirect interests in specified foreign financial assets based on certain objective criteria. U.S. holders that fail to report the required information could be subject to substantial penalties. In addition, the statute of limitations for assessment of tax would be suspended, in whole or part. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors concerning the application of these rules to their investment in the Class B shares and ADSs, including the application of the rules to their particular circumstances.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Dividends paid on, and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, the Class B shares or ADSs that are paid within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries generally will be subject to information reporting unless a U.S. holder is treated as an exempt recipient. Such payments may also be subject to backup withholding unless a U.S. holder (i) provides a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding or (ii) otherwise establishes an exemption from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be allowed as a refund or credit against the holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the holder timely furnishes the required information to the IRS.

A holder that is a non-resident alien individual, a foreign corporation or a foreign estate or trust may be required to comply with certification and identification procedures in order to establish its exemption from information reporting and backup withholding.

FATCA

We have entered into an agreement with the IRS effective April 24, 2014, pursuant to which we have agreed to comply with certain due diligence, information reporting and withholding obligations pursuant to Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, and the regulations promulgated thereunder (often referred to as the “Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act” or “FATCA”). Therefore, an investor considered to have a financial account that is a “U.S. account” maintained by us may be required to provide certain information regarding such investor (or relevant beneficial owner of the Class B shares or ADSs), including information and tax documentation regarding the identity of such investor as well as that of its direct and indirect owners, and we may be required to report this information to the IRS. However, stock or other equity or debt instruments issued by a financial institution is not treated as a U.S. account if such stock or other instrument is regularly traded on an established securities market. We expect that the Class B shares and ADSs will be so treated. Further, a U.S. account generally does not include an equity instrument in a financial institution, such as us, that is not an investment entity.

In addition, it is possible that under future guidance, payments on the Class B shares and ADSs may be subject to a withholding tax of up to 30% under rules applicable to foreign “passthru payments.” Regulations implementing this rule have not yet been adopted or proposed and the IRS has indicated that any such regulations would not be effective prior to the date that is two years after the date on which final regulations on this issue are published. FATCA is particularly complex and its application to Argentine financial institutions is uncertain at this time. Although we have registered with the IRS and believe that we are compliant with obligations imposed on us under FATCA, it is unclear to what extent we may be able to comply with FATCA in the future. Each holder of Class B shares or ADSs should consult its own tax advisor to obtain a more detailed explanation of FATCA and to learn how FATCA might affect each holder in its particular circumstances.

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Item 10.F Dividends and Paying Agents

Not applicable.

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Item 10.G Statement by Experts

Not applicable.

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Item 10.H Documents on Display

We file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC that apply to foreign private issuers. Foreign private issuers, like us, are required to make filings with the SEC by electronic means. Any filings we make electronically are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s web site at http://www.sec.gov/.

​

Item 10.I Subsidiary Information

Not applicable.

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Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of loss arising from fluctuations in financial markets variables, such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates and other rates or prices. This risk is a consequence of lending, trading and investments businesses and mainly consists of interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk.

Our market risk arises mainly from our capacity as a financial intermediary.

The Risk Management Committee is responsible for approving and amending our market risk policies.

The Risk Management Committee uses a risk map to explain, in detail, the trades that the trading desk at Banco Supervielle S.A. is authorized to close. The risk map also describes the maximum amounts for the position in certain products, the maximum amount of losses accepted (“stop loss”) and the maximum expected loss (given a confidence interval) over a specific time period if the portfolio were held unchanged over that period (VaR limit). Alongside with the risk of Banco Supervielle S.A., there is a set of additional metrics that establish the market risk of Grupo Supervielle on a consolidated basis with its subsidiaries. Complementarily, the credit committee establishes the credit risk limits with all financial counterparties. Our Financial Risk Department conducts a daily control over compliance with the limits established in the risk map. In the event that an exception is needed, the trading desk must apply for authorization from the CEO while maintaining the Asset and Liability Committee and the Risk Management Committee informed of all developments. In addition, the Risk Management Committee authorizes risk levels in terms of interest rate, foreign exchange rate, inflation and term imbalance risks. The Assets and Liabilities Committee is responsible for monitoring compliance with our market risk policies every two weeks.

In the course of its monthly meetings, our Board of Directors is advised of the full range of resolutions adopted by the Assets and Liabilities Committee, including: liquidity risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk management.

We evaluate, upgrade and improve market risk measurements and controls on a daily basis. In order to measure significant market risks on the trading portfolio, we use the value at risk methodology, or “VaR,” in our internal models. This methodology is based on statistical methods that take into account many variables that may cause a change in the value of its portfolios, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, securities prices, volatility and any correlation among them. VaR is an estimation of potential losses that could arise from reasonably likely adverse changes in market conditions. It expresses the maximum amount of loss expected (given a confidence interval) over a specified time period, or “time horizon,” if that portfolio were held unchanged over that time period.

All VaR models, while forward looking, are based on past events and are dependent upon the quality of available market data. The quality of our VaR models is therefore continuously monitored. As calculated, for the trading book VaR is an estimate of the expected maximum loss in the market value of a given portfolio over a ten-day time horizon at a one tailed 99% confidence interval. We assume a ten-day holding period and adverse market movements of 2.32 standard deviations as the standard for risk measurement and comparison. Additional information on our risk management is set forth in Note 26 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

The following table shows the Basel Standardized Approach for market risk capital requirement for our combined trading portfolios in 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands of Pesos):

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021

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Minimum | ​ | 712,196 | ​ | 3,051,835 | ​ | 3,619,193
Maximum |  | 2,793,550 |  | 5,275,124 | ​ | 8,600,636
Average |  | 1,804,002 |  | 3,845,579 | ​ | 6,399,241
As of December 31, |  | 2,658,842 |  | 5,275,124 | ​ | 5,854,663

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In order to take advantage of good trading opportunities, we have sometimes increased risk; however, during periods of uncertainty, we have also reduced it.

Interest Rate Risk

Central Bank Communication “A” 6534 amended the way in which the Central Bank evaluates capital needs related to interest rate risk exposure, by the way adapting its methodology to international best practices. Even though Interest Rate Risk is not part of Tier I capital requirements in a direct way, this could be the case whenever the bank reaches the status of “outlier bank.” The “outlier bank” test compares the bank’s ρEVE with 15% of its Tier 1 capital, under a set of prescribed interest rate shock scenarios. Tier I capital requirements will increase by the excess of the bank’s ρEVE over 15% of its Tier 1 capital. Therefore, the Superintendency of Financial Institutions continues to review such risk and determines if there is a need for additional regulatory capital in case a predetermined threshold is surpassed or it finds clear evidence of an inappropriate management of this type of risk. Additionally, the Central Bank establishes the need to measure interest rate risk considering two dimensions: a) the impact of interest rate fluctuations over the underlying value of a bank’s assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items and hence its economic value and b) the impact over the net interest income. In order to tackle the first dimension, the Central Bank established a Standardized Framework considering the impact of six different shock scenarios over the bank’s ρEVE. To assess the impact over the net interest income, the bank has to make use of its internal measurement systems. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Liquidity and Solvency Requirements.”

We define interest rate risk as the risk relating to changes in the entity’s financial income and economic value as a result of fluctuations in the market’s interest rates. The following are known factors that contribute to this risk:

| ● | differences in maturity and adjustment dates of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet holdings;

| ● | foreseeability, evolution and volatility with respect to local interest rates, foreign interest rates and CET;

| ● | the base risk arising out of an imperfect correlation when adjusting asset and liability rates for instruments with similar revaluation characteristics; and

| ● | implicit options for particular assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet commitments held by the entity.

The Bank employs a prudent interest rate risk strategy allowing to uphold its commitments and maintain desired levels of revenue and capital, both in normal and adverse market conditions.

Interest Rate Risk Management Model – Standardized Framework

The Bank includes interest rate gaps in their interest rate risk management model. This approach analyzes mismatches between asset and liability interest rates between reevaluation periods with respect to the financial statements and off-financial statements line-items. The result is a basic representation of the financial statements structure that allows for the detection of interest rate risk concentrations within the different periods. This is also used to estimate the potential impact of interest rates falling outside of the financial margin (NIM-EaR method) and the entity’s economic value (MVE-VaR method).

Every financial statements and off-financial statements line-item is classified according to its maturity. For asset/liability management accounts without maturity, an internal method of analysis is used to determine possible maturity and sensitivity.

The Asset and Liability Management Committee monitors interest rate risk management and each financial management team is in charge of executing it. The Risk Management team and Financial Planning team are in charge of monitoring compliance, enforcing risk management strategies and issuing periodic reports.

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Interest Rate Risk Capital Requirement

The Bank evaluates its minimum capital requirements relating to interest rate risk through the use of a MVE-VaR internal model, using a holding period of three months and a 99% confidence interval. This quantitative model factors in the economic capital required for our securitization risk. The results are then compared with those obtained from the application of the Standardized Framework, being the resulting capital need the higher of those figures. The following chart shows the Bank’s interest rate risk figures under the Standardized Framework described above for 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands of Pesos):

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Minimum | ​ | 2,392,842 | ​ | 2,916,893 | ​ | 4,003,578
Maximum |  | 9,733,484 |  | 10,145,972 |  | 6,904,507
Average |  | 4,875,687 |  | 6,177,861 |  | 5,271,046
As of December 31, |  | 9,733,484 |  | 10,038,985 |  | 5,471,977

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The Bank’s consolidated gap position refers to the mismatch of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The following tables show the Bank’s consolidated exposure to a positive interest rate gap, in Pesos:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Remaining Maturity at December 31, 2023 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Over 5 | ​ | ​ |
​ |  | 0-1 Year |  | 1-5 Years |  | Years |  | Total |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) |
Interest-earning assets | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |
Investment Portfolio(1) | ​ | 262,554,072 |  | 280,756 |  | — |  | 262,834,828 | ​
Loans to the non-financial public sector(2) | ​ | 2,022,292 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,022,292 | ​
Loans to the private and financial sector(2) | ​ | 359,299,445 |  | 40,151,882 |  | 11,280,831 |  | 410,732,158 | ​
Receivables from financial leases | ​ | 8,176,305 |  | 11,318,944 |  | (3,101,218) |  | 16,394,031 | ​
Other assets | ​ | 923,122,737 |  | — |  | 222,281,290 |  | 1,145,404,027 | ​
Total interest-earning assets | ​ | 1,555,174,851 |  | 51,751,582 |  | 230,460,903 |  | 1,837,387,336 | ​
Interest-bearing liabilities | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Savings | ​ | 649,712,395 |  | — |  | 287,823,320 |  | 937,535,715 | ​
Time deposits | ​ | 349,543,733 |  | 9,774 |  | — |  | 349,553,507 | ​
Non subordinated notes | ​ | — |  | — |  | — |  | — | ​
Liabilities with financial institutions | ​ | 1,760,478 |  | 1,402,477 |  | 75,371 |  | 3,238,326 | ​
Other liabilities | ​ | 167,580,316 |  | — |  | 68,217,791 |  | 235,798,107 | ​
Total interest-bearing liabilities | ​ | 1,168,596,922 |  | 1,412,251 |  | 356,116,482 |  | 1,526,125,655 | ​
Asset/liability gap | ​ | 386,577,929 |  | 50,339,331 |  | (125,655,579) |  | 311,261,681 | ​
Cumulative asset/liability gap | ​ | 386,577,929 |  | 436,917,260 |  | 311,261,681 |  | ​ | ​
Cumulative sensitivity gap as a percentage of total interest-earning assets | ​ | 24.9 | % | 844.3 | % | 135.1 | % | ​ | ​

(1) | Includes government securities and instruments issued by the Central Bank.

(2) | Loan amounts are stated before deducting allowances for loan losses.

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The table below shows the Bank’s consolidated exposure to an interest rate gap in foreign currency:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Remaining Maturity at December 31, 2023 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Over 5 | ​ | ​ |
​ |  | 0-1 Year |  | 1-5 Years |  | Years |  | Total |
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Interest-earning assets in foreign currency |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Investment Portfolio(1) |  | 42 |  | — |  | — |  | 42 | ​
Loans to the non-financial public sector(2) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — | ​
Loans to the private and financial sector(2) |  | 29 |  | 14 |  | 2 |  | 45 | ​
Receivables from financial leases |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — | ​
Other assets |  | 60 |  | — |  | 200 |  | 260 | ​
Total interest-earning assets |  | 131 |  | 14 |  | 202 |  | 347 | ​
Interest-bearing liabilities in foreign currency |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | - | ​
Savings |  | 213 |  | — |  | 67 |  | 280 | ​
Time deposits |  | 17 |  | — |  | — |  | 17 | ​
Subordinated notes |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — | ​
Liabilities with financial institutions |  | 19 |  | — |  | — |  | 19 | ​
Other Liabilities |  | 7 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 9 | ​
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  | 256 |  | 1 |  | 68 |  | 325 | ​
Asset/liability gap |  | (125) |  | 13 |  | 134 |  | 22 | ​
Cumulative asset/liability gap |  | (125) |  | (112) |  | 22 |  | ​ | ​
Cumulative sensitivity gap as a percentage of total interest-earning assets |  | (96) | % | (764) | % | 11 | % | ​ | ​

(1) | Includes government securities and instruments issued by the Central Bank.

(2) | Loan amounts are stated before deducting allowances for loan losses.

Foreign Currency Risk

The Risk Management Committee is responsible for deciding the net position in foreign currency to be maintained at all times according to market conditions and monitoring it regularly.

Policies regarding foreign currency risk are applied at the level of our subsidiaries. Our foreign currency risk arises mainly from our operations in our capacity as a financial intermediary.

Since May 2003, the fluctuation of the U.S. dollar has been included as a risk factor for the calculation of the market risk requirement, considering all assets and liabilities in U.S. dollars. As of December 31, 2023, the Bank’s consolidated total net asset foreign currency position subject to foreign currency risk was Ps.3,733,697 thousand, and this position generated a market risk capital requirement of Ps.298,696 thousand as of such date.

Liquidity Risk

Policies regarding liquidity risk are applied at the level of our subsidiaries. Our liquidity risk arises mainly from the operations of the Bank. Our other subsidiaries are also subject to liquidity risk, which is not significant.

The Bank defines liquidity risk as the risk of having to pay additional financial costs due to an unexpected need for liquidity. This risk arises out of the differences in amounts and maturity of the assets and liabilities held by the Bank. There are two types of Liquidity Risk:

| ● | Funding Liquidity Risk, which results from the inability to obtain funds at market price that are needed to ensure liquidity, mainly due to the market’s perception of the Bank.

| ● | Market Liquidity Risk, which occurs when the Bank cannot trade its position in one or several assets at market price, which is caused by two factors:

| o | the assets are not sufficiently liquid and cannot be traded in the secondary market; and

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| o | changes in the market where the assets are traded.

To manage liquidity risk, the Bank focuses on its sources of liquidity. The Bank relies on certain financial products that can provide a quick source of liquidity in extreme situations of illiquidity. To this effect, the Bank relies on the control of two core metrics, the LCR and the NSFR. The first one, with a shorter-term perspective, is aimed at assessing the availability of enough liquid assets to meet the withdrawal of deposits and other liabilities in a 30-day stress scenario. Meanwhile, the NSFR aims to promote resilience over a longer time horizon by creating incentives for banks to fund their activities with more stable sources of funding on an ongoing basis.

The Bank relies on a set of indicators that allow it to detect and take steps to prevent potential liquidity risks. The Bank’s set of indicators and risk limits are established by the Risk Management team and approved by the Board of Directors. These indicators are constantly monitored by the Risk Management Committee.

The Risk Management Committee coordinates and supervises the identification, measuring and monitoring of liquidity risk. The Assets and Liabilities Committee develops the strategies that allow for adequate liquidity risk management. The Assets and Liabilities Committee relies on several different departments within the Bank to develop and enforce these strategies, from issuing reports and risk management proposals to monitoring compliance with the established limits.

Operational Risk

We define operational risk as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes due to personnel, systems or external events. The definition includes legal risk but excludes strategic and reputational risk. Legal risk can result from internal or external events and includes exposure to sanctions, penalties or other economic consequences that arise out of non-compliance with contractual or regulatory obligations.

We believe that we are pioneers in the design of operational risk management frameworks in Argentina, placing emphasis on risk identification, risk management policies and our organizational model. We have tailored our framework to the requirements established by the Central Bank, the Basel accords and international best practices. The Bank’s operational risk management processes are overseen by a correspondent, who is assisted by a network of risk, and every branch and service center has a delegate in charge of monitoring risk. The correspondents report to the Operational Risk Department, ensuring that the Bank’s entire network is working together to monitor operational risk.

Operational Risk Measuring Models

The risk management process is based on complying with several stages designed to evaluate the Bank’s vulnerability to operational risk events, minimizing operational risk. This method allows the Bank to achieve a better understanding of its operational risk profile and adopt the necessary measures to address any vulnerability. The stages are divided into:

| ● | Identification of operational risk by implementing a Risk Control Self-Assessment model, which applies to each one of the Bank’s processes and IT assets.

| ● | Measurement and evaluation of operational risk by establishing risk levels, evaluating the effectiveness of control mechanisms and determining residual risk for each of the Bank’s processes and IT assets.

| ● | Mitigation, resulting from the application of plans of action and strategies designed to maintain risks within the levels established by the Board of Directors.

| ● | Monitoring to quickly detect and address deficiencies in the policies, processes and procedures for managing operational risk, and to ensure constant improvement.

| ● | Documenting the incidents and losses related to operational risk by establishing a database that allows for a comparison of the frequency and impact of operational risk events with the risk control self-assessment model.

| ● | The Bank and other subsidiaries of Grupo Supervielle, have Operational Risk Committees that are in charge of the enforcement of the operational risk policies and monitors the operational risks and operational risk events affecting the

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|  | different companies. In addition, the Operational Risk Committee issues reports to the high management, Risk Management Committee and Board of Directors.

| ● | Banco Supervielle S.A. has adopted a model that calculates (i) expected and unexpected losses, (ii) VaR (at a 99.9% confidence interval) minus accounting prevision for operational risk and (iii) the minimum capital required to cover expected and unexpected losses. The holding period used is one year.

​

Item 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

​

Item 12.A Debt Securities

Not applicable.

​

Item 12.B Warrants and Rights

Not applicable.

Item 12.C Other Securities

Not applicable.

​

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Item 12.D American Depositary Shares

Fees and Expenses

Holders of our ADSs are generally expected to pay fees to the Depositary according to the schedule below:

​

| ​ |
Persons depositing or withdrawing shares or ADS holders must pay: |  | For:
$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs) | ​ | Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property Cancellation of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates
$0.05 (or less) per ADS | ​ | Any cash distribution to ADS holders
A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been Class B shares and the Class B shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs | ​ | Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities (including rights) which are distributed by the Depositary to ADS holders
$0.05 (or less) per ADS per calendar year | ​ | Depositary services
Registration or transfer fees | ​ | Transfer and registration of shares on our share register to or from the name of the Depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares
Expenses of the Depositary | ​ | Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement) converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars
Taxes and other governmental charges that the Depositary or the custodian have to pay on any ADSs or shares underlying an ADS, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes | ​ | As necessary
Any charges incurred by the Depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities | ​ | As necessary

​

The Depositary collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The Depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The Depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deduction from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The Depositary may collect any of its fees by deduction from any cash distribution payable (or by selling a portion of securities or other property distributable) to ADS holders that are obligated to pay those fees. The Depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.

From time to time, the Depositary may make payments to us to reimburse us for costs and expenses generally arising out of establishment and maintenance of the ADS program, waive fees and expenses for services provided to us by the Depositary or share revenue from the fees collected from ADS holders. The depositary for our ADSs is The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Depositary”). In 2023, the Depositary reimbursed expenses for an amount of U.S.$81,000.35. In performing its duties under the deposit agreement, the depositary may use brokers, dealers, foreign currency or other service providers that are owned by or affiliated with the depositary and that may earn or share fees, spreads or commissions.

The Depositary may convert currency itself or through any of its affiliates and, in those cases, acts as principal for its own account and not as agent, advisor, broker or fiduciary on behalf of any other person and earns revenue, including, without limitation, transaction spreads, that it will retain for its own account. The revenue is based on, among other things, the difference between the exchange rate assigned to the currency conversion made under the deposit agreement and the rate that the Depositary or its affiliates

232

receives when buying or selling foreign currency for its own account. The Depositary makes no representation that the exchange rate used or obtained in any currency conversion under the deposit agreement will be the most favorable rate that could be obtained at the time or that the method by which that rate will be determined will be the most favorable to ADS holders, subject to the Depositary’s obligations under the deposit agreement. The methodology used to determine exchange rates used in currency conversions is available upon request.

​

PART II

Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

None.

​

Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

None.

​

Item 15. Controls and Procedures

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as amended. We performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file with or submit to the SEC under the Exchange Act, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosure. Our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance of their reliability. Notwithstanding the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, these disclosure controls and procedures cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving their objectives because of their inherent limitations. Disclosure controls and procedures are processes that involve human diligence and compliance and are subject to error in judgment. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by our disclosure controls and procedures.

(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

| 1) | Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for us and our consolidated subsidiaries. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act, as amended, as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our CEO and CFO, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with applicable generally accepted accounting principles. Internal controls and procedures are processes that involve human diligence and compliance and are subject to error in judgment. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

| 2) | Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control–Integrated Framework 2013.

| 3) | Based on our assessment, we and our management have concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.

(c)Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L., an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, as stated in their report to our consolidated financial statements.

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See the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm included in this annual report for our registered public accounting firm’s attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

(d)Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting During the Year Ended December 31, 2023.

During the period covered by this annual report, there have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

​

Item 16. [Reserved]

​

Item 16.A Audit committee financial expert

Our Board of Directors has determined that Mrs. Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer is the audit committee’s financial expert. Mrs. Loyer is an independent director under Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act.

​

Item 16.B Code of Ethics

We have adopted a code of ethics that is applicable to all our employees, which is posted on our website at: https://s26.q4cdn.com/426641508/files/doc_downloads/corporate_governance/Code-of-ethics.pdf.

Our code of ethics establishes the ethical guidelines to be followed by directors, managers, and employees. This code is based on a set of core values that Grupo Supervielle and its members must respect in their daily interactions with clients, suppliers, employees, and regulatory bodies. Our code of ethics is based on three pillars: Values, Ethical Principles, and Conduct Standards that guide the behavior of all employees, and Ethics & Values Line where employees and suppliers can report anonymously possible irregularities or improper conduct. Our values distinguish Grupo Supervielle and must be respected by its members in their daily interactions with stakeholders. Grupo Supervielle demands from its employees (i) leadership to be benchmarks in the market, (ii) innovation to push boundaries in search of new solutions for clients, (iii) commitment to respond with sustainable solutions to the demands from our clients and stakeholders, (iv) respect to think about others, listen and understand the needs of clients, and foster constructive personal and business relationships, (v) efficiency to add value and provide quick and quality responses using available resources responsibly and sustainably, and (vi) simplicity to make clients’ lives easier by managing solid and simple processes and making decisions along with them.

The Ethical Principles and Conduct Standards establish a framework of ethics and transparency in building lasting and trust-based relationships with our stakeholders, promoting a culture of integrity and compliance with applicable regulations, laws, and best practices, thus fostering the development of a sustainable and competitive business context.

General ethical principles include (i) promoting equal opportunities and non-discrimination, (ii) providing a safe and healthy work environment, (iii) fostering respectful, honest, and committed relationships with stakeholders, (iv) treating employees, clients, suppliers, and the community with dignity, and (v) acting transparently and respecting agreements with clients to provide quality service.

Guidelines for specific situations include (i) protecting the confidentiality of both client and proprietary information and prohibiting its use for personal gain, (ii) objectivity and how to act in conflicts of interest, (iii) guidelines for offering gifts and courtesies, (iv) ways to act towards governments, clients, suppliers, competitors, and society in a framework of cordiality and simplicity in interactions and agility and quality in service offered, (v) compliance with applicable regulations and policies, (vi) guidelines for preventing money laundering and terrorism financing, and (vii) guidelines for hiring employees.

The Ethics & Values Line is available to our employees and clients, and to third parties so they can report possible irregularities or improper conduct anonymously. Confidentiality and anonymity of reports are guaranteed, and any form of reprisal or negative consequences towards employees who make reports is prohibited.

In addition, we did not grant any waivers to our code of ethics during the year ended December 31, 2023.

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During 2023, we adopted our Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion policy and our incentive compensation clawback policy (see exhibit 97), and updated our Information Security policy. The Diversity, Equity and Inclusion policy and the Information Security policy are posted on our website at https://www.gruposupervielle.com/English/our-approach/corporate-governance/default.aspx

Information contained or accessible through our website is not incorporated by reference in and should not be considered part of this annual report.

​

Item 16.C Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The following table sets forth the total amount billed to us and our subsidiaries by the independent registered public accounting firm, Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L., during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos)
Audit Fees |  | 717,002 |  | 901,211
Audit Related Fees |  | 27,861 |  | 29,892
Tax Fees |  | — |  | 7,243
All Other Fees |  | 29,996 |  | 62,088
Total |  | 774,859 |  | 1,000,434

​

Audit fees are fees for professional services performed by Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L for the audit and limited review of Grupo Supervielle’s consolidated annual financial statements both under IFRS and Central Bank rules and quarterly financial statements under Central Bank requirements and services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings.

Audit-related fees consist of fees for professional services performed by Price Waterhouse & Co S.R.L. related to attestation, review and verification services with respect to our financial information and the provision of services in connection with special reports.

Tax fees are fees billed with respect to tax compliance and advisory services related to tax liabilities.

All other fees include fees paid for professional services other than the services reported above under “audit fees,” “audit related fees” and “tax fees” in each of the fiscal years above.

The General Annual Stockholders Meeting designates the external auditor.

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policy And Procedures

​

Following SEC requirements regarding auditor independence, the Audit Committee pre-approves auditor services before the commencement of the service. The Audit Committee evaluates the nature and scope of the work to be performed and the fees for such work prior to the engagement.

​

The SEC rules establish two different approaches for pre-approval of external auditor services. On the one hand, the proposed services may be previously approved by the Audit Committee, without analyzing each service individually (“general prior approval” or “policy-based pre-approval”). On the other hand, the proposed services may be subject to approval by the Audit Committee on a case-by-case basis by the Audit Committee or by its member to whom the pre-approval was delegated (“specific pre-approval” or “separate pre-approval”).

​

Separate pre-approval

The Audit Committee has delegated to its chairperson the authority to grant pre-approvals to auditor services. The decision of the chairperson to pre-approve a service is presented to the Audit Committee at the following scheduled meeting.

Policy based pre-approval

​

The Audit Committee has established a policy to define those services to be provided by the external auditor that will be considered automatically pre-approved, so they do not need to be specifically approved by the Audit Committee.

​

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The following services are excluded from the policy: (1) audit services or quarterly reviews of financial statements; (2) services not permitted to the external auditor; and (3) consulting services which, if applicable, may have a specific pre-approval. The external auditor’s fees for non-audit and non-tax related services may not exceed 15% of the total auditor’s fees.

​

With respect to the services provided by the independent auditor, the following three basic principles must be followed in all cases, which if violated would affect the independence of the auditor: (i) the auditor cannot assume managerial roles; (ii) the auditor cannot audit nor review his or her own work, and (iii) the auditor cannot act on behalf of the Group.

​

The services included are:

​

Services related to the audit

​

This category includes the services that: (i) only the independent auditor of the Group can perform (except those indicated above in 1), and (ii) according to customary practices and based on their nature, are reasonably expected to be provided by the external auditor, which includes assurance services, such as certifications and reports requested by regulators from the external auditor.

​

The fees for these services may not exceed U.S.$10,000 individually, nor U.S.$50,000 accumulated per fiscal year.

​

Tax services

​

This category includes permitted tax services, such as: (i) those related to the preparation and review of tax affidavits, and (ii) assistance in relation to requirements and inspections of the tax authorities, and assistance in lawsuits before the Tax Court (or similar) and before the judiciary, but excluding defense tasks in court and litigation, among others.

​

The fees for these services may not exceed U.S.$5,000 individually, nor U.S.$25,000 cumulatively per fiscal year.

​

For the purposes of its calculation, those services that are invoiced or agreed in Pesos must be converted into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate applicable for the conversion of financial statements corresponding to the day before the service is required.

​

Those services exceeding the individual limits require specific (separate) pre-approval.

​

When the annual limit is exceeded, the services provided until that moment will be considered pre-approved. From the moment the annual limit is exceeded, the services will require specific pre-approval from the Committee, even if they do not exceed the individual limit.

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Grupo Supervielle’s CFO, or the person to whom the CFO delegates, is responsible for carrying out an adequate control of the services provided, keeping a record of the accumulated amount of the fees for the services, in accordance with this policy, and for properly submitting all those services that must be pre-approved by the Audit Committee. The request for approval must be accompanied by the auditor’s engagement proposal describing the services to be provided and the estimated fees. In the case of services not related to auditing or taxes, the department that requires such services must substantiate the reasons for which the auditor should provide such services and must obtain the auditor’s engagement proposal describing the service, the estimated fees and, if necessary, the safeguards and precautions to be taken by the auditor in order to preserve its independence.

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All the services that the external auditor provides without the need for specific pre-approval based on the content of the policy, must be reported by the CFO (or whoever he delegates) at the same time that would have corresponded if they previously approved.

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Item 16.D Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

Not applicable.

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Item 16.E Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

On July 20, 2022, the Group established the First Program for the repurchase of the Group’s shares pursuant to Article 64 of Law 26,831 and CNV regulations. The Group decided to establish the First Program as a result of the then-current national and

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international macroeconomic context and in view of the high volatility of the capital markets and taking into account the significant deterioration in the value of Grupo Supervielle’s shares associated with the increase of the Argentine risk. In this regard, Grupo Supervielle believes that it is convenient to implement the First Program as a viable and efficient alternative to apply Grupo Supervielle’s excess cash position to the benefit of Grupo Supervielle and its shareholders. In addition, Grupo Supervielle may purchase up to 10% of its capital stock pursuant to Law No. 26,831, complying with the requirements and procedures set forth therein. If a purchase is made pursuant to Law No. 26,831, Grupo Supervielle must resell the repurchased shares within three years and its shareholders will have preemptive rights to purchase the shares, except in the case of an employee compensation program or plan, or in the case that the shares are distributed among all shareholders on a pro rata basis or with respect to the sale of an amount of shares that in any 12-month period does not exceed 1% of the Grupo Supervielle’s capital stock. In these cases, the three-year term may be extended with the prior approval of a shareholders’ meeting.

​

The Board of Directors approved the establishment of the following terms and conditions for the acquisition of its own shares under the First Program: (i) maximum amount of the investment: up to Ps.2,000,000,000; (ii) maximum number of shares to be acquired: up to 10% of the capital stock of Grupo Supervielle, as established by the applicable Argentine laws and regulations; (iii) payable price: up to Ps.138.00 per Class B share and U.S.$2.20 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange, and (iv) term for the acquisition: 250 days as from the next day of the date of publication of the information in the Bolsa de Buenos Aires Daily Bulletin, subject to any renewal or extension of the term, which will be informed to the public by the same means.

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On September 13, 2022, the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle decided to increase the payable price related to the acquisitions under the First Program to Ps.155.00 per Class B share and U.S.$2.70 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange. On December 27, 2022, the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle decided to further increase the payable price related to the acquisition of Grupo Supervielle’s Class B shares under the First Program to Ps.200.00 per Class B share. The First Program expired in March 2023 and it was not renewed. Under the First Program we acquired 11,093,572 Class B Shares and 591,384 ADSs, reaching an execution of 86.3% of the First Program and repurchasing 3.076% of the outstanding capital stock. Our annual ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 19, 2024 resolved to delegate to our board of directors the authority to sell or dispose in the future the treasury shares that the Group repurchased through the First Program in compliance with applicable regulations.

​

The following table sets forth the number of Class B Shares and ADSs repurchased under the First Program:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Class B Shares | ​ | ADSs | ​ | ​
​ |  | Total number of shares purchased |  | Average price paid per share (Ps., nominal) |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of the program |  | Total number of ADSs purchased |  | Average price paid per ADS (US$) |  | Total number of ADSs purchased as part of the program |  | Maximum number of shares/Pesos that may yet be purchased under the program
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | in Shares | ​ | in Ps. Million (nominal)
July 1, 2022 – July 31, 2022 |  | — | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 45,672,232 | ​ | 2,000
August 1, 2022 – August 31, 2022 |  | 1,137,018 | ​ | 102.456 | ​ | 1,137,018 | ​ | 141,416 | ​ | 1.925 | ​ | 141,416 | ​ | 43,828,134 | ​ | 1,797
September 1, 2022 –September 30, 2022 |  | 2,128,463 | ​ | 112.771 | ​ | 3,265,481 | ​ | 56,528 | ​ | 1.783 | ​ | 197,944 | ​ | 41,417,031 | ​ | 1,532
October 1, 2022 – October 31, 2022 |  | 1,041,403 | ​ | 114.185 | ​ | 4,306,884 | ​ | 393,440 | ​ | 1.849 | ​ | 591,384 | ​ | 38,408,428 | ​ | 1,188
November 1, 2022 – November 30, 2022 |  | 2,988,175 | ​ | 114.902 | ​ | 7,295,059 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 35,420,253 | ​ | 845
December 1, 2022 – December 31, 2022 |  | 2,058,632 | ​ | 133.670 | ​ | 9,353,691 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 33,361,621 | ​ | 570
January 1, 2023 – January 31, 2023 |  | 1,480,381 | ​ | 166.116 | ​ | 10,834,072 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 31,881,240 | ​ | 324
February 1, 2023 – February 10, 2023 |  | 259,500 | ​ | 188.422 | ​ | 11,093,572 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 31,621,740 | ​ | 275
Total |  | 11,093,572 | ​ | 125.187 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 591,384 | ​ | 1.861 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 31,621,740 | ​ | 275

​

​

On April 19, 2024, the Group established the Second Program for the repurchase of the Group’s shares pursuant to Article 64 of Law 26,831 and CNV regulations. The Group decided to establish the Second Program taking into account (i) the current local macroeconomic environment; (ii) the current trading price of shares that do not reflect the real value of the Company's assets or their potential; and (iii) an environment of negative real interest rates in the local market.. In this regard, Grupo Supervielle believes that it is convenient to implement the Second Program as a viable and efficient alternative to apply Grupo Supervielle’s excess cash position to the benefit of Grupo Supervielle and its shareholders. In addition, Grupo Supervielle may purchase up to 10% of its capital stock pursuant to Law No. 26,831, complying with the requirements and procedures set forth therein. If a purchase is made pursuant to Law No. 26,831, Grupo Supervielle must resell the repurchased shares within three years and its shareholders will have preemptive rights to purchase the shares, except in the case of an employee compensation program or plan, or in the case that the shares are distributed among all shareholders on a pro rata basis or with respect to the sale of an amount of shares that in any 12-month period does not exceed 1% of the Grupo Supervielle’s capital stock. In these cases, the three-year term may be extended with the prior approval of a shareholders’ meeting.

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The Board of Directors approved the establishment of the following terms and conditions for the acquisition of its own shares under the Second Program: (i) maximum amount of the investment: up to Ps.4 billion; (ii) maximum number of shares to be acquired: up to 10% of the capital stock of Grupo Supervielle, as established by the applicable Argentine laws and regulations; (iii) payable price: up to Ps.1,600 per Class B share and U.S.$8.00 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange, and (iv) term for the acquisition: 120 days as from the next day of the date of publication of the information in the Bolsa de Buenos Aires Daily Bulletin, subject to any renewal or extension of the term, which will be informed to the public by the same means. As of the date of this annual report, under the Second Program we acquired 550,000 Class B Shares.

​

The following table sets forth the number of Class B Shares repurchased under the Second Program:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Class B Shares | ​ | ADSs | ​ | ​
​ |  | Total number of shares purchased |  | Average price paid per share (Ps., nominal) |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of the program |  | Total number of ADSs purchased |  | Average price paid per ADS (US$) |  | Total number of ADSs purchased as part of the program |  | Maximum number of shares/Pesos that may yet be purchased under the program
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | in Shares | ​ | in Ps. Million (nominal)
April 19, 2024 – April 26, 2024 |  | 550,000 | ​ | 1,262.54 | ​ | 550,000 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 31,071,740 | ​ | 3,306
Total |  | 550,000 | ​ | 1,262.54 | ​ | 550,000 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 31,071,740 | ​ | 3,306

​

As of the date of this annual report, we hold 14,600,492 Class B shares (including shares represented by ADSs) which correspond to all the Class B Shares and ADSs acquired under the Programs.

​

​

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Item 16.F Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

None.

​

Item 16.GCorporate Governance

NYSE Corporate Governance Rules

Under NYSE rules, foreign private issuers are subject to more limited corporate governance requirements than U.S. domestic issuers. As a foreign private issuer, we must comply with four principal NYSE corporate governance rules: (1) we must have an audit committee meeting the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3, subject to specified exceptions; (2) our CEO must promptly notify the NYSE in writing after any executive officer becomes aware of any non-compliance with the applicable NYSE corporate governance rules; (3) we must provide the NYSE with annual and interim written affirmations as required under the NYSE corporate governance rules; and (4) we must provide a brief description of any significant differences between our corporate governance practices and those followed by U.S. companies under NYSE listing standards. The table below briefly describes the significant differences between our corporate governance practice and the NYSE corporate governance rules, applicable to U.S. domestic companies.

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Section |  | NYSE corporate governance rule for U.S. domestic issuers |  | Our approach
303A.01 |  | A listed company must have a majority of independent directors. “Controlled companies” are not required to comply with this requirement. |  | Neither Argentine law nor our bylaws require us to have a majority of independent directors. However, pursuant to Section 109 of the Argentine Capital Markets Law, our Audit Committee must be composed of at least three members of the Board of Directors, with the majority of independent directors; thus, we are required to have at least two independent directors. Our Audit Committee is composed of three independent directors in accordance with the Exchange Act.

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Section |  | NYSE corporate governance rule for U.S. domestic issuers |  | Our approach
303A.02 |  | This section establishes general standards to determine directors’ independence. No director qualifies as “independent” unless the Board of Directors affirmatively determines that the director has no material relationship with the listed company (whether directly or as a partner, shareholder, or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the company), and emphasizes that the concern is independence from management. The board is also required, on a case by case basis, to express an opinion with regard to the independence or lack of independence, of each individual director. (ii) In addition, in affirmatively determining the independence of any director who will serve on the compensation committee of the listed company’s board of directors, the board of directors must consider all factors specifically relevant to determining whether a director has a relationship to the listed company which is material to that director’s ability to be independent from management in connection with the duties of a compensation committee member, including, but not limited to: (A) the source of compensation of such director, including any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee paid by the listed company to such director; and (B) whether such director is affiliated with the listed company, a subsidiary of the listed company or an affiliate of a subsidiary of the listed company. (b) In addition, a director is not independent if: |  | Pursuant to CNV Rules, a director is not considered independent in certain situations, including where a director: (a) is also a member of the board of directors of the parent company or another company belonging to the same economic group of the issuer through a pre-existing relationship at the time of his or her election, or if said relationship had ceased to exist during immediately the previous three years; (b) is or has been associated with the company or any of its shareholders having a direct or indirect “significant participation” on the same, or with corporations with which also the shareholders also have a direct or indirect “signification participation”; or if he or she was associated with them through an employment relationship during the last three years; (c) has any professional relationship or is a member of a corporation that maintains frequent professional relationships of significant nature and volume, or receives remuneration or fees (other than the one received in consideration of his performance as a director) from the issuer or its shareholders having a direct or indirect “significant participation” on the same, or with corporations in which the shareholders also have a direct or indirect “significant participation.” This prohibition includes professional relationships and affiliations during the last three years prior to his or her appointment as director; (d) directly or indirectly owns 5% or more of shares with voting rights and/or a capital stock of the issuer or any company with a “significant participation” in it; (e) directly or indirectly sells and/or provides goods and/or services (different from those accounted for in section c)) on a regular basis and of a significant nature and volume to the company or to its shareholders with direct or indirect “significant participation”, for higher amounts than his or her remuneration as a member of the board of directors. This prohibition includes business relationships that have been carried out during the last three years prior to his or her appointment as director;
|  | A. the director is or has been within the last three years, an employee, or an immediate family member is, or has been within the last three years, an executive officer, of the listed company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary. Employment as interim chairman or CEO or other executive officer shall not disqualify a director from being considered independent; |  | (f) has been a director, manager, administrator or principal executive of not-for-profit organizations that have received funds, for amounts greater than those described in section I) of article 12 of Resolution No. 30/2011 of the UIF and its amendments, from the issuer, its parent company and other companies of the same group of which it is a part, as well as of the principal executives of any of them;

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Section |  | NYSE corporate governance rule for U.S. domestic issuers |  | Our approach
|  | B. the director has received, or has an immediate family member who has received, during any twelve-month period within the last three years, more than U.S.$120,000 in direct compensation from the listed company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary, other than director and committee fees and pension or other forms of deferred compensation for prior services (provided such compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service); C. (i) the director is a current partner or employee of a firm that is the listed company’s internal or external auditor; (ii) the director has an immediate family member who is a current partner of such firm; (iii) the director has an immediate family member who is a current employee of such firm and personally works on the company’s audit; or (iv) the director or an immediate family member was within the last three years a partner or employee of such firm and personally worked on the company’s audit within that time; D. the director, or an immediate family member is, or has been with the last three years, employed as an executive officer of another company where any of the listed company’s present executive officers at the same time serves or served on that company’s compensation committee; E. the director is a current employee, or an immediate family member is a current executive officer, of a company that has made payments to, or received payments from the listed company its parent or a consolidated subsidiary for property or services in an amount which, in any of the last three fiscal years, exceeds the greater of U.S.$1 million, or 2% of such other company’s consolidated gross revenues. |  | (g) receives any payment, including the participation in plans or stock option schemes, from the company or companies of the same economic group, other than the compensation paid to him or her as a director, except dividends paid as a shareholder of the company in the terms of section d) and the corresponding to the consideration set forth in section e); (h) has served as member of the board of director of the issuer, its parent company or another company belonging to the same economic group for more than ten years. If said relationship had ceased to exist during the previous three years, the independent condition will be recovered; (i) is the spouse or legally recognized partner, relative up to the third level of consanguinity or up to the second level of affinity of persons who, if they were members of the board of directors, would not be independent, according to the above listed criteria; Pursuant to the CNV Rules, a director who, after his or her appointment, falls into any of the circumstances indicated above, must immediately report to the issuer, which must inform the CNV and the authorized markets where it lists its negotiable securities immediately upon the occurrence of the event or upon the instance becoming known. In all cases, the references made to “significant participation” set forth in the aforementioned independence criteria will be considered as referring to those individuals who hold shares representing at least 5% of the capital stock and or the vote, or a smaller amount when they have the right to elect one or more directors by share class or have other shareholders agreements relating to the government and administration of the company or of its parent company. Pursuant to the CNV Rules we are required to report to the shareholders’ meeting, prior to voting for the appointment of any director, the status of such director as either “independent” or “non-independent.”
303A.03 |  | The non-management directors of a listed company must meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without management. |  | Neither Argentine law nor our bylaws require the holding of such meetings and we do not hold non-management directors meetings. The Argentine General Corporations Lawprovides, however, that the board shall meet at least once every three months, and according to our bylaws, whenever the chairman considers necessary to convene for a meeting.
303A.04 |  | A listed company must have a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors, with a written charter that covers certain minimum specified duties. “Controlled companies” are not required to comply with this requirement. |  | Pursuant to applicable local rules, we have an Ethics, Compliance and Corporate Governance committee. We also have a Nomination and Remuneration Committee which, among other duties, advises the Board of Directors on the nomination of directors.
303A.05 |  | A listed company must have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors, with a written charter that covers certain minimum specified duties. “Controlled companies” are not required to comply with this requirement. |  | Neither Argentine law nor our bylaws require the establishment of a compensation committee. However, we have a Nomination and Remuneration Committee which advises the Board of Directors on: (a) the nomination of directors and senior officers and their succession plans, (b) the remuneration polices for the Board of Directors, senior officers and the personnel, and (c) Human Resources policies, training and evaluation of the staff performance.

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Section |  | NYSE corporate governance rule for U.S. domestic issuers |  | Our approach
303A.06 303A.07 |  | A listed company must have an audit committee with a minimum of three independent directors who satisfy the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3, subject to certain specified exceptions, with a written charter that covers certain minimum specified duties. (a) The audit committee must have a minimum of three members. All of its members shall be financially literate or must acquire such financial knowledge within a reasonable period of time after the appointment and at least one of its members shall have experience in accounting or financial management. In addition to meeting any requirement of Rule 10A-3 (b) (1), all audit committee members must satisfy the independence requirements set out in Section 303A.02. (b) The audit committee must have a written charter that establishes the duties and responsibilities of its members, including, at a minimum, some of the duties and responsibilities required by Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and the following responsibilities set forth in NYSE Sections 303A.07(b)(iii)(A)-H) of the NYSE Manual. |  | The responsibilities of an audit committee, as provided in the Argentine Capital Markets Law and the CNV Rules are essentially the same as those provided for under Rule 10A-3, which we are required to satisfy. Argentine law requires the audit committee be composed of three or more members from the Board of Directors (with a majority of independent directors), all of whom must be well-versed in business, financial or accounting matters. Our Audit Committee is composed of three independent directors according to Rule 10A-3 and one of the members is well-versed in business, financial and accounting matters, in accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Audit Committee” section for further details about the Audit Committee Composition. Our audit committee performs the following duties and responsibilities among others: a)issues an opinion on the proposals made by the Board of Directors to the shareholders regarding the appointment of external auditors; b)analyses the services rendered by the external auditors and their fees, ensures their independence, reviews their planning and evaluates their performance, issuing an opinion on this matter when the Group files its annual financial statements; c)maintains an understanding of the internal audit policies to ensure that they are complete and up-to-date, and approves such policies, submitting them to the Board of Directors for their consideration and approval; d)ensures and evaluates the performance of the Internal Audit function, establishing its human and budgetary resources, approves the Annual Internal Audit Plan and additional ad-hoc audits, and oversees compliance with the Audit Plan, issuing an opinion on the planning and performance of Internal Audit when the annual financial statements of the Company are filed; e)ensures that the recommendations contained in audit reports are followed; f)oversees the sufficiency, adequacy and effectiveness of the internal control systems, to ensure the reliability, reasonableness, adequacy and transparency of the financial statements and the financial and accounting information of Grupo Supervielle; g)oversees the maintenance of adequate internal controls by each of Grupo Supervielle’s subsidiaries to minimize risk through the consolidation of best practices with respect to each of the businesses; h)evaluates the quality of internal processes with the aim of overseeing the quality control of customer service, the risk control and the efficiency control in the operation of Grupo Supervielle; i)takes knowledge of Grupo Supervielle’s financial, reputational, legal and operational risks and oversees compliance with policies designed to mitigate them and with information policies on risk management; j)assists the Board of Directors in the supervision of the financial statements, analyzing Grupo Supervielle’s financial statements and the consolidated financial statements with its controlled and associate companies prior to their presentation to the Board of Directors and with the necessary depth to assess their reasonableness, reliability and clarity; k)supervises the reliability of the financial information and the information on significant events that are presented to the markets and control agencies; l)assists the Board of Directors in supervising compliance with the established policies, processes, procedures and rules established by Grupo Supervielle and its controlled and associate companies;

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Section |  | NYSE corporate governance rule for U.S. domestic issuers |  | Our approach
|  |  |  | m)takes knowledge of compliance with the applicable regulations in matters related to conduct in the securities markets, data protection, as well as that the requirements of the competent bodies on these matters are addressed in a timely and appropriate manner; n)ensures that the Code of Ethics and Internal Codes of Conduct comply with current rules and regulations; o)verifies the fulfillment of any applicable rules of conduct; p)takes notice of complaints regarding accounting, internal control over financial reporting and auditing matters, received through the applicable procedures; q)provides the market with complete information on transactions in which there may be a conflict of interest with members of our various corporate bodies or controlling shareholders; r)issues grounded opinions on related-party transactions under certain circumstances and files such opinions with regulatory agencies as required by the CNV; s)issues an opinion on the reasonableness of fees and stock option plans for our Directors and managers proposed by the Board of Directors; t)issues a report before any decision of the Board of Directors to buyback shares of the Company; u)issues an opinion on the fulfillment of legal requirements and on the reasonableness of the terms of the issuance of shares or other securities that are convertible into shares, in cases of capital increase in which preemptive rights are excluded or limited; v)at least once a year and upon the filing of the Company´s annual financial statements, issues a report to the Board and shareholders addressing the work done to perform its duties, and the results of its work; w)prepares an action plan for each fiscal year, which must be presented to the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Committee within sixty calendar days of the beginning of the fiscal year; and x)performs all other duties stated in its charter, our bylaws, laws and regulations; ​ ​
|  | A. at least annually, obtain and review a report by the independent auditor describing: the firm’s internal quality-control procedures; any material issues raised in the most recent internal quality-control review, or peer review, of the firm, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities, within the preceding five years, with respect to one or more independent audits carried out by the firm, and any steps taken to deal with any such issues; and (to assess the auditor’s independence) all relationships between the independent auditor and the listed company; B. meet with management and the independent auditor to review and discuss the listed company’s annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements, including a review of the company’s specific disclosures under Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”; C. discuss the listed company’s earnings press releases, as well as financial information and earnings guidance provided to analysts and rating agencies; D. discuss risk assessment and risk management policies; E. hold separate regular meetings with management, the internal auditors (or other personnel responsible for the internal audit function) and the independent auditors; F. review any issue or difficulty arising from the audit or management’s response with the independent auditor; G. set clear policies for the recruitment of employees or former employees of the independent auditors; and H. report regularly to the board of directors. (c) Rule 303A.07(c) establishes that each listed company must have an internal audit function to provide management and the audit committee with ongoing advice on the company’s risk management processes and internal control systems. |  | ​
|  |  |  | ​

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Section |  | NYSE corporate governance rule for U.S. domestic issuers |  | Our approach
|  | If a member of the audit committee is simultaneously a member of the audit committee of more than three public companies the board of directors shall determine whether such simultaneous service would prevent such members from effectively serving on the listed company’s audit committee, and disclose such determination in the order of business of the annual shareholders’ meeting of the listed company or in the company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC. |  |
303A.08 |  | Shareholders must be given the opportunity to vote on all equity-compensation plans and material revisions thereto, with limited exemptions set forth in the NYSE rules. |  | We do not currently offer equity-based compensation to our directors, executive officers or employees, and have no policy on this matter.
303A.09 |  | A listed company must adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines that cover certain minimum specified subjects, including director’s standards and responsibilities |  | The CNV Rules contain recommended Corporate Governance guidelines for listed companies and the Board of Directors must include on its annual report, the level of compliance of such guidelines. Since 2011, we have in place a Code of Corporate Governance which contains corporate governance guidelines. Our Code of Corporate Governance is subject to periodic revision in order to comply with the latest applicable regulations and standards and to include up-to-date best market practices. The latest revision of our Code of Corporate Governance was approved in October 2019.
303A.10 |  | A listed company must adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers. Each listed company may determine its own policies, which should address conflicts of interest, corporate opportunities, confidentiality, fair dealing, protection and proper use of listed company assets, compliance with laws, rules and regulations, and encouraging the reporting of any illegal or unethical behavior. |  | Neither Argentine law nor our bylaws require the adoption or disclosure of a code of business conduct. We, however, have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our employees.
303A.12 |  | a) Each listed company CEO must certify to the NYSE each year that he or she is not aware of any violation by the company of NYSE corporate governance listing standards. b) Each listed company CEO must promptly notify the NYSE in writing after any executive officer of the listed company becomes aware of any non-compliance with any applicable provisions of this Section 303A. c) Each listed company must submit an executed Written Affirmation annually to the NYSE. In addition, each listed company must submit an interim Written Affirmation as and when required by the interim Written Affirmation form specified by the NYSE. |  | Comparable provisions do not exist under Argentine law and CNV Rules.

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​

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Item 16.HMine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

​

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Item 16.IDisclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not applicable.

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Item 16.KCybersecurity

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​

Risk management and strategy

​

Cybersecurity is one of our strategic priorities and one of the pillars of our digital transformation. Our information security team defines the strategy, policies, practices, procedures, and organizational structure which we use to identify, analyze, evaluate, measure, mitigate, and monitor cybersecurity risks. We work together with various teams of our organization to conduct continuous analysis of potential failures, vulnerabilities or risks that may impact our processes and products.

​

Our information security strategy is based on the following three security frameworks: defense in depth, security by design, and zero trust. During 2023, we focused on improving the level of maturity our systems using the Center for Internet Security controls framework and the maturity model of Amazon Web Services, both of which are based on internationally recognized cybersecurity best

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practices. Additionally, we adapted and improved our controls according to new regulations of regulatory bodies such as the Central Bank. This strategy is implemented by a multidisciplinary group of information security professionals who work full-time and operate in an agile and collaborative manner. They collaborate not only among themselves but also with our business teams to maintain and develop new products.

​

Our security professionals are organized in the following teams: (i) a “green team” who is responsible for managing digital identities, (ii) a “red team” whose mission is to conduct vulnerability assessment and penetration tests, (iii) a “blue team” who is focused on protecting information assets and providing security products to each of the product-building cells, while fostering the implementation of defense methods in regards to the findings made by the “red team”, and (iv) a “purple team” who is assembled ad hoc with members from the blue and red teams to conduct retrospective analyses. All these teams manage and mitigate cybersecurity risks on a regular basis. These teams work in bi-weekly sprints, holding daily and weekly meetings where information related to the progress of ongoing projects, new products, risks and threats is exchanged and analyzed. Executive summaries of all the activities carried out by these teams are compiled, analyzed, and discussed bi-monthly in meetings of our Cybersecurity Committee, which are attended by senior management, directors, and the Company’s chairman.

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As cyber-attacks evolve and become more sophisticated, companies must strengthen their prevention and monitoring efforts and adopt new measures to mitigate cybersecurity risks. In recent years, the average number of cybersecurity incidents has increased significantly worldwide. As a result, in 2023, one of our goals was to prevent the most common cyberattacks, which are related to ransomware, smishing, phishing, brand abuse, among others, ant to maintain ratios below the competition. Therefore, we have enhanced our system monitoring capabilities, paying special attention to critical assets that support business processes. Additionally, we have incorporated machine learning and artificial intelligence to achieve automation and improve efficiency in our security services. Our cybersecurity Security Operations Center (“SOC”), which operated by a third party, enables us to detect and respond to cyber-attacks. In addition, our threat intelligence service proactively detects potential cyber-attacks on our infrastructure and/or ours customers through the analysis of Clear, Deep, and Dark web sources. We will promptly report any material incidents to the supervisory or regulatory authorities.

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Every year we carry out a mandatory security assessment on SWIFT infrastructure, one of the main targets of cyber-attacks, achieving a full compliance rate by December 2023 with both mandatory and recommended controls.

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We believe that our proactive and innovative approach towards cybersecurity strengthens our resilience against cyber threats, which are constantly evolving, and consolidates our position as leaders in digital defense. We consider that ensuring effective protection of our assets and customer data is key to our business. In response to evolving cyber threats, we have undertaken various projects to enhance our security systems. For example, we implemented a new event monitoring service, network micro-segmentation, threat intelligence, incident response system, early detection and ransomware recovery, and internal awareness through a virtual campus which is available to all our subsidiaries.

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We have information classification policies to assign a level of criticality to the data that we manage which we use to adopt security measures. This allows us to protect the information we handle and to ensure an adequate treatment of that information. In addition, we routinely inspect and test our security processes and procedures through simulation exercises. As an example the “red team,” specialized in offensive security, regularly conducts technical security tests to detect security vulnerabilities. These tests include technical assessments of technological platforms, social engineering attacks and ethical phishing. Our Security Champions and Ambassadors model also allows us to monitor that all the business initiatives we participate in and their underlying technologies are secure.

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In order to keep our clients informed about the security of the transactions carried out through our digital channels, in 2023, we implemented a strong communication campaign which involved renewing the design of communication pieces and updating our security tips for social media, virtual scam methodologies, cases of social engineering, phishing, and fake accounts. This campaign consisted of emails, audiovisual content, and tutorials on social platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter ("X") and YouTube, which we distributed on a monthly basis. Additionally, we posted a blog about cybersecurity on our website through which we provide contact details for victims of scams and banners that we replicated in our apps.

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Based on the information we have as of the date of this Form 20-F, we do not believe any cybersecurity threats have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Bank, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. However, despite our efforts to identify and respond to cybersecurity threats, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats, or provide assurances that we have not experienced an undetected cybersecurity incident. For more information about these

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risks, see “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Cybersecurity events could negatively affect our reputation, our financial condition and our results of operations.”

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Governance

​

To ensure that the Company’s security strategy is implemented efficiently, we have established a security governance model. This security governance model has been prepared by committees responsible for approving and supervising the execution of the information security strategy in areas such as corporate security and risk management.

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While the primary responsibility for cybersecurity lies with our CISO, who has more than 30 years of experience and extensive academic training in cyber defense and cryptography, we recognize the importance to collaborate with other experts and we highly value the diversity of expert opinions.

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In addition to our CISO, our Cybersecurity Committee plays a key role in implementing our information security strategy. Our Cybersecurity Committee is composed of the following members: two directors of Grupo Supervielle, the CEO of Grupo Supervielle, the CEO of Banco Supervielle S.A., the Chief Risk Officer, the Corporate Audit team, and the CISO of Grupo Supervielle and Banco Supervielle. Additionally, the Chief Technology Officers and the Chief Information Officer of our subsidiaries participate in the meetings of our Cybersecurity Committee.

​

Our Operational Risk Committee analyzes deviations to our information security policy and adopts decisions in line with the Group’s risk appetite. This committee reports to the Integral Risk Committee which discusses cybersecurity matters and reports to our Board of Directors. Our Operational Risk Committee communicates every month all the decisions taken by it. In compliance with regulatory standards, our Operational Risk Committee convenes periodically to fulfill its primary objective of reviewing reports submitted by the Group’s non-financial risk management department. These reports provide thorough evaluations encompassing operational and technological risks, reputational risks, supplier risks, and environmental risks. Additionally, these reports include assessments of potential deviations in planned evaluation processes.

Moreover, our Operational Risk Committee oversees the implementation of mitigation plans, key risk indicators, and internal control reports. As part of its responsibilities, this committee offers recommendations to address emerging risks or enhance risk management strategies. The composition of the Operational Risk Committee includes key members such as the Deputy General Manager, the Corporate Manager of Comprehensive Risks, the Chief Risk Officer, the Corporate Manager of Legal Affairs, the Corporate Manager of Internal Audit, the Corporate Manager of Transformation, the Executive Manager of Comprehensive Risks, the Compliance Manager and SOX Manager.

Our Board of Directors regularly receives cybersecurity updates as an integral part of its ongoing risk oversight from the Board committees. Additionally, the Chief Information Officer, the Chief Risk Officer and the Chief Information Security Officer may convene ad hoc meetings with board members. Our incident response plan set forth procedures for incident escalation, including convening crisis committees comprised by members of our Board of Directors, in order to facilitate decision-making procedures in response to cybersecurity events. Our crisis committees analyze the quantitative and/or qualitative materiality of cybersecurity events to determine if they exceeds the materiality thresholds and the actions to be taken in response thereto, which enables us to adopt swift and effective responses to mitigate potential impacts on our operations and reputation.

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Item 17.Financial Statements

Not applicable.

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Item 18.Financial Statements

Our audited consolidated financial statements are included in this annual report beginning at Page F-1.

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Item 19.Exhibit Index

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Exhibit Number |  | Description
1.1 |  | Bylaws of Grupo Supervielle (English translation), as amended (filed herein).
2.1 |  | Deposit Agreement among Grupo Supervielle, The Bank of New York Mellon, as depositary, and the holders from time to time of American depositary shares issued thereunder, including the form of American depositary receipts, dated May 18, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-37777) filed on May 1, 2017). ​
2(d) | ​ | Description of Securities Registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2(d) to our Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-37777) filed on April 26, 2023). ​
8.1 |  | List of subsidiaries of Grupo Supervielle as of the date of this annual report (filed herein).
12.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herein).
12.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herein).
13.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herein).
​ | ​ | ​
97 | ​ | Incentive Compensation Clawback Policy (filed herein).
101. INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document.
​ | ​ | ​
101. SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101. CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
​ | ​ | ​
101. LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101. PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101. DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
​ | ​ | ​
104 | ​ | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL).

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The amount of long-term debt securities of Grupo Supervielle authorized under any given instrument does not exceed 10% of its total assets on a consolidated basis. Grupo Supervielle hereby agrees to furnish to the SEC, upon its request, a copy of any instrument defining the rights of holders of its long-term debt or of its subsidiaries for which consolidated or unconsolidated financial statements are required to be filed.

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SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

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|  | GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.
| By: | /s/ Julio Patricio Supervielle
|  | Name: Julio Patricio Supervielle
|  | Title: Chief Executive Officer
| By: | /s/ Mariano Biglia
|  | Name: Mariano Biglia
|  | Title: Chief Financial Officer

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Date: April 26, 2024

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Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and

for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

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Contents

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Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB 1349) | F-2
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 | F-5
Consolidated Income Statement for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 | F-7
Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 | F-8
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 | F-9
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 | F-10
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-11

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F-1

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Grupo Supervielle S.A.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of Grupo Supervielle S.A. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated income statement, consolidated statement of other comprehensive income, consolidated statement of changes in shareholders’ equity and consolidated statement of cash flow for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023 in conformity with IFRS Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

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F-2

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Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Fair value of financial instruments that do not have an active market

As described in Notes 2.a and 6.1 to the consolidated financial statements, the fair value of financial instruments not listed in active markets is determined based on valuation techniques. The balance of this type of instruments as of December 31, 2023 is Ps.16,121,461 thousand. Included in this balance are Ps.15,804,570 thousand of financial assets which are classified as Level 2. These financial instruments are priced using internal methods and assumptions that management believes a hypothetical market participant would use to determine a current transaction price. The significant assumptions used by management to value the financial instruments included implicit rates in the last available tender for similar securities and spot rate curves. These valuation techniques require management to make estimates and judgments for complex instruments involving pricing models.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to fair value of financial instruments that do not have an active market is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment made by management to determine the fair value of these financial instruments due to the use of an internally-developed model, which included significant assumptions related to the implicit rates in the last available tender for similar securities and spot rate curves; this in turn led to a high degree of auditor subjectivity and judgment to evaluate the audit evidence obtained related to the valuation, and the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the fair value of financial instruments that do not have an active market. These procedures also included, among others, testing management process for (i) evaluating the reasonableness of implicit rates in the last available tender for similar securities and spot rate curves and the appropriateness of the valuation models used; (ii) testing the mathematical accuracy of the valuation techniques; and (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of data provided by management. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the appropriateness of valuation method and the evaluation of implicit rates in the last available tender for similar securities and spot rate curves.

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F-3

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Estimation of the allowance for loan losses of financial assets measured at amortized cost and fair value through OCI

As described in Notes 1.11.2, 1.11.6, 2.b and 25 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s allowance for loan losses was Ps.17,448,828 thousand as of December 31, 2023. The Company assesses impairment under the expected credit losses method described in International Financial Reporting Standard N°9 “Financial Instruments” (“IFRS 9”). Management’s models used to determine the expected credit loss include the use of significant judgement, and assumptions such as the definition of what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk and the development of assumptions and estimates to incorporate relevant information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of economic conditions. The impact of the forecasts of economic conditions are determined based on the weighted average of three internally developed macroeconomic scenarios that take into consideration the Group´s economic outlook as derived through forecast macroeconomic variables, which include inflation rate, monthly economic activity estimator, exchange rate, monetary policy rate, private sector real loans and private sector real wage.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the estimation of the allowance for loan losses of financial assets measured at amortized cost and fair value through OCI is a critical audit matter are: (i) that is an area highly subjective that involves a significant amount of judgment and effort in developing the valuation models for determining the allowance for loan losses, (ii) the significant judgments and estimations made by management in both the forecast of macroeconomic variables, which include inflation rate, monthly economic activity estimator, exchange rate, monetary policy rate, private sector real loans and private sector real wage and in the definition of what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk, both of which significantly affect its estimate of expected credit losses at the balance sheet date, (iii) the audit of these figures involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s allowance for loan losses estimation process, which included controls over the data, models and assumptions used in the estimation process. These procedures also included, among others, (i) evaluating models used by management, the reasonableness of significant assumptions of forecasts of macroeconomic variables, which include inflation rate, monthly economic activity estimator, exchange rate, monetary policy rate, private sector real loans and private sector real wage, the methodology used for the generation of the macroeconomic scenarios (ii) evaluating the definition of what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk (iii) testing the mathematical accuracy of the impairment calculation for the credit balances (iv) testing the completeness and accuracy of data provided by management. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating and testing the appropriateness of the models used by management and the reasonableness of the definition of what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk, the assumptions and estimates made by Management to incorporate relevant information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of economic conditions.

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/s/ PRICE WATERHOUSE & Co. S.R.L. /s/ MARIA MERCEDES BAÑO (Partner)

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Maria Mercedes Baño

Buenos Aires, Argentina

April 26, 2024.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2008.

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F-4

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

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Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
ASSETS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and due from banks (Note 1.6 and 5) |  | 229,098,272 |  | 150,719,643
Cash |  | 114,005,581 |  | 59,547,824
Financial institutions and correspondents |  |  |  |
Argentine Central Bank |  | 103,634,933 |  | 84,654,328
Other local financial institutions |  | 10,241,998 |  | 6,428,404
Others |  | 1,215,760 |  | 89,087
Debt Securities at fair value through profit or loss (Note 1.6, 1.8, 5, 6 and 15.1) |  | 46,415,822 |  | 69,707,595
Derivatives (Note 1.9, 5, 6, 9 and 15.2) |  | 3,795,093 |  | 920,381
Reverse Repo transactions (Note 5 and 8) | ​ | 755,708,132 | ​ | 67,206,248
Other financial assets (Note 1.6, 5, 6 and 15.3) |  | 46,499,784 |  | 25,246,191
Loans and other financing (Note 5 and 25) |  | 482,455,084 |  | 728,474,749
To the non-financial public sector |  | 2,070,115 |  | 864,785
To the financial sector |  | 4,006,546 |  | 2,007,125
To the Non-Financial Private Sector and Foreign residents |  | 476,378,423 |  | 725,602,839
Other debt securities (Note 5, 6 and 15.4) |  | 251,180,541 |  | 839,975,567
Financial assets pledged as collateral (Note 5, 6 and 15.5) |  | 46,382,606 |  | 45,056,529
Current income tax assets |  | — |  | 3,039,566
Inventories (Note 15.6) |  | — |  | 208,923
Investments in equity instruments (Note 5 and 6) |  | 365,985 |  | 1,565,010
Property, plant and equipment (Note 12) |  | 51,151,635 |  | 57,217,390
Investment Property (Note 13) |  | 45,597,064 |  | 52,637,396
Intangible assets (Note 14) |  | 67,634,055 |  | 69,368,706
Deferred income tax assets (Note 4.1) |  | 12,960,099 |  | 37,997,568
Other non-financial assets (Note 15.7) |  | 18,763,829 |  | 16,647,728
TOTAL ASSETS |  | 2,058,008,001 |  | 2,165,989,190

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statement.

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F-5

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

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Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |
Deposits (Note 5 and 15.8) |  | 1,548,928,056 |  | 1,705,009,583
Non-financial public sector |  | 100,747,830 |  | 86,705,591
Financial sector |  | 476,539 |  | 315,861
Non-financial private sector and foreign residents |  | 1,447,703,687 |  | 1,617,988,131
Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (Note 5 and 15.9) |  | 607,903 |  | 6,661,539
Repo transactions (Note 5 and 8) | ​ | 940,332 | ​ | —
Other financial liabilities (Note 5 and 15.10) |  | 72,738,928 |  | 56,381,855
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions (Note 1.6, 5 and 15.11) |  | 2,691,969 |  | 17,219,834
Unsubordinated debt securities (Note 1.6, 5 and 23) |  | — |  | 1,748,271
Current income tax liability | ​ | 737,181 | ​ | —
Provisions (Note 15.12 and 16 ) |  | 14,897,667 |  | 5,267,946
Deferred income tax liabilities (Note 4.1) |  | 1,614,907 |  | 565,339
Other non-financial liabilities (Note 15.13) |  | 73,200,297 |  | 85,591,165
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  | 1,716,357,240 |  | 1,878,445,532
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |
Capital stock | ​ | 442,672 | ​ | 444,411
Paid in capital | ​ | 254,538,548 | ​ | 264,229,227
Inflation Adjustment of capital stock | ​ | 27,960,909 | ​ | 28,325,583
Treasury shares | ​ | 14,050 | ​ | 12,311
Inflation adjustment of treasury shares | ​ | 2,944,946 | ​ | 2,580,272
Cost of Treasury shares | ​ | (5,166,412) | ​ | (4,307,608)
Reserves | ​ | 4,307,608 | ​ | 19,308,569
Retained earnings | ​ | (6,949,145) | ​ | (15,985,874)
Other comprehensive income | ​ | 11,668,481 | ​ | 8,364,164
Net Income/ (loss) for the year | ​ | 51,615,837 | ​ | (15,654,911)
Shareholders' Equity attributable to owners of the parent company |  | 341,377,494 |  | 287,316,144
Shareholders' Equity attributable to non-controlling interests |  | 273,267 |  | 227,514
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  | 341,650,761 |  | 287,543,658

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The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statement.

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F-6

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

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Consolidated Income Statement

For the financial years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Interest income (Note 15.14) |  | 1,157,697,255 |  | 784,354,347 |  | 627,418,680
Interest expenses (Note 15.15) |  | (825,494,087) |  | (515,399,394) |  | (366,990,536)
Net interest income |  | 332,203,168 |  | 268,954,953 |  | 260,428,144
Net income from financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss (Note 15.16) |  | 138,081,046 |  | 56,821,678 |  | 53,923,603
Result from derecognition of financial assets measured at amortized cost | ​ | 16,857,100 | ​ | 1,531,618 | ​ | 1,541,901
Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency |  | 5,800,908 |  | 8,541,784 |  | 6,019,802
Net Income From Financial instruments And Exchange Rate Differences |  | 160,739,054 |  | 66,895,080 |  | 61,485,306
Net Financial Income |  | 492,942,222 |  | 335,850,033 |  | 321,913,450
Service Fee Income (Note 15.17) |  | 93,125,252 |  | 94,478,177 |  | 101,091,634
Service Fee Expense (Note 15.18) |  | (24,176,077) |  | (33,392,724) |  | (30,818,243)
Income from insurance activities (Note 15.19) |  | 14,431,313 |  | 14,104,154 |  | 13,777,397
Net Service Fee Income |  | 83,380,488 |  | 75,189,607 |  | 84,050,788
Subtotal |  | 576,322,710 |  | 411,039,640 |  | 405,964,238
Results from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money |  | (108,923,511) |  | (55,271,939) |  | (47,361,901)
Other operating income (Note 15.20) |  | 23,688,747 |  | 32,671,074 |  | 32,616,164
Impairment losses on financial assets |  | (33,640,071) |  | (44,129,627) |  | (54,168,977)
Net operating income |  | 457,447,875 |  | 344,309,148 |  | 337,049,524
Personnel expenses (Note 15.21) |  | (160,395,452) |  | (167,825,508) |  | (155,237,181)
Administration expenses (Note 15.22) |  | (84,438,694) |  | (88,946,808) |  | (93,147,074)
Depreciation and impairment of non-financial assets (Note 15.23) |  | (31,931,273) |  | (31,447,803) |  | (25,629,749)
Other operating expenses (Note 15.24) |  | (94,289,712) |  | (82,925,021) |  | (71,870,346)
Income / (Loss) before taxes |  | 86,392,744 |  | (26,835,992) |  | (8,834,826)
Income tax (Note 4) |  | (34,734,935) |  | 11,164,078 |  | (1,697,922)
Net Income / (Loss) for the year |  | 51,657,809 |  | (15,671,914) |  | (10,532,748)
Net Income / (Loss) for the year attributable to owners of the parent company |  | 51,615,837 |  | (15,654,911) |  | (10,521,726)
Net Income / (Loss) for the year attributable to non-controlling interests |  | 41,972 |  | (17,003) |  | (11,022)
NUMERATOR | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Income / (Loss) for the year attributable to owners of the parent company | ​ | 51,615,837 | ​ | (15,654,911) | ​ | (10,521,726)
PLUS: Diluting events inherent to potential ordinary shares | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Net income attributable to owners of the parent company adjusted by dilution | ​ | 51,615,837 | ​ | (15,654,911) | ​ | (10,521,726)
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DENOMINATOR | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average of oustanding ordinary shares | ​ | 442,727 | ​ | 454,274 | ​ | 456,722
Weighted average of oustanding ordinary shares issued of the period adjusted by dilution effect | ​ | 442,727 | ​ | 454,274 | ​ | 456,722
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic Income | ​ | 116.59 | ​ | (34.46) | ​ | (23.04)
Diluted Income | ​ | 116.59 | ​ | (34.46) | ​ | (23.04)

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The accompanying notes and schedules are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statement.

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F-7

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

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Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Net Income / (loss) for the year |  | 51,657,809 |  | (15,671,914) |  | (10,532,748)
Components of Other Comprehensive Income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss |  |  |  |  |  |
Revaluation (Losses)/Surplus of property, plant and equipment |  | (2,093,627) |  | (2,611,299) |  | 637,240
Income tax |  | 732,769 |  | 913,953 |  | (1,307,425)
Net revaluation surplus of property, plant and equipment |  | (1,360,858) |  | (1,697,346) |  | (670,185)
(Loss) / income from equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income |  | (703,959) |  | (146,377) |  | 23,960
Income tax |  | 246,386 |  | 51,233 |  | 3,724
Net Income / (loss) from equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income |  | (457,573) |  | (95,144) |  | 27,684
Total Other Comprehensive Income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss |  | (1,818,431) |  | (1,792,490) |  | (642,501)
Components of Other Comprehensive Income that may be reclassified to profit or loss |  |  |  |  |  |
Income/(loss) from financial instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income |  | 7,370,679 |  | (3,162,706) |  | 729,740
Income tax |  | (2,687,007) |  | 1,149,076 |  | (415,611)
Net income/ (loss) from financial instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income |  | 4,683,672 |  | (2,013,630) |  | 314,129
Foreign currency translation adjustment | ​ | 442,857 | ​ | 190,121 | ​ | 2,457
Foreign currency translation adjustment for the fiscal year | ​ | 442,857 | ​ | 190,121 | ​ | 2,457
Other Comprehensive Income / (loss) that may be reclassified to profit or loss |  | 5,126,529 |  | (1,823,509) |  | 316,586
Other Comprehensive Income / (loss) |  | 3,308,098 |  | (3,615,999) |  | (325,915)
Other comprehensive Income / (loss) attributable to parent company |  | 3,304,317 |  | (3,612,173) |  | (325,499)
Other comprehensive Income / (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest |  | 3,781 |  | (3,826) |  | (416)
Comprehensive Income / (loss) |  | 54,965,907 |  | (19,287,913) |  | (10,858,663)
Comprehensive Income / (loss) for the year attributable to owners of the parent company |  | 54,920,154 |  | (19,267,084) |  | (10,847,225)
Comprehensive Income / (loss) for the year attributable to non-controlling interest |  | 45,753 |  | (20,829) |  | (11,438)

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statement.

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F-8

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

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Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

For the financial years ended on December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | Total |  | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total | ​ | Shareholders´ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | Shareholders´ equity | ​ | equity attributable | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | Capital | ​ | Inflation adjustment | ​ | Paid in | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Inflation | ​ | Cost of | ​ | Inflation adjustment | ​ | Legal | ​ | Other | ​ | Retained | ​ | comprehensive | ​ | attributable to parent | ​ | to non-controlling | ​ | shareholders´
Items | ​ | stock | ​ | of capital Stock | ​ | capital | ​ | shares | ​ | adjustment of treasury shares | ​ | of treasury shares | ​ | of cost of treasury shares | ​ | reserve | ​ | reserves | ​ | earnings | ​ | income | ​ | company | ​ | interest | ​ | equity
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  | 456,722 |  | 30,905,855 |  | 264,229,227 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 18,551,566 |  | 12,283,204 |  | 326,426,574 |  | 259,613 |  | 326,686,187
Distribution of retained earnings by the shareholders’ meeting on April 27, 2021: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
- Other reserves |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 3,226,099 | ​ | 24,893,404 | ​ | (28,119,499) | ​ | — | ​ | 4 | ​ | — | ​ | 4
- Dividend distribution |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (3,122,242) | ​ | — | ​ | (3,122,242) | ​ | — | ​ | (3,122,242)
Net loss for the year |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (10,521,726) | ​ | — | ​ | (10,521,726) | ​ | (11,022) | ​ | (10,532,748)
Other comprehensive income for the year |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (325,499) | ​ | (325,499) | ​ | (416) | ​ | (325,915)
Balance at December 31, 2021 (IFRS 4) |  | 456,722 |  | 30,905,855 |  | 264,229,227 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,226,099 |  | 24,893,404 |  | (23,211,901) |  | 11,957,705 |  | 312,457,111 |  | 248,175 |  | 312,705,286
Adjustment IFRS17 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (34,585) | ​ | — | ​ | (34,585) | ​ | — | ​ | (34,585)
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  | 456,722 |  | 30,905,855 |  | 264,229,227 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,226,099 |  | 24,893,404 |  | (23,246,486) |  | 11,957,705 |  | 312,422,526 |  | 248,175 |  | 312,670,701
Other movements | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (18,632) | ​ | 18,632 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Share premium in subsidiaries | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 168 | ​ | 168
Distribution of retained earnings by the shareholders’ meeting on April 27, 2022: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Use of reserves | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (7,279,244) | ​ | 7,279,244 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Dividend payment | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (1,531,690) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (1,531,690) | ​ | — | ​ | (1,531,690)
Acquisition of own shares | ​ | (12,311) | ​ | (2,580,272) | ​ | — | ​ | 12,311 | ​ | 2,580,272 | ​ | (385,448) | ​ | (3,922,160) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (4,307,608) | ​ | — | ​ | (4,307,608)
Net Income for the year | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (15,654,911) | ​ | — | ​ | (15,654,911) | ​ | (17,003) | ​ | (15,671,914)
Other comprehensive income for the year | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (3,612,173) | ​ | (3,612,173) | ​ | (3,826) | ​ | (3,615,999)
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | 444,411 |  | 28,325,583 |  | 264,229,227 |  | 12,311 |  | 2,580,272 |  | (385,448) |  | (3,922,160) |  | 3,226,099 |  | 16,082,470 |  | (31,640,785) |  | 8,364,164 |  | 287,316,144 |  | 227,514 |  | 287,543,658
Distribution of retained earnings by the shareholders’ meeting on April 27, 2023: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Use of reserves | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (9,690,679) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (3,226,099) | ​ | (11,774,862) | ​ | 24,691,640 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Share premium in subsidiaries | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Constitution of reserves | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Dividend distribution | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Acquisition of Treasury shares | ​ | (1,739) | ​ | (364,674) | ​ | — | ​ | 1,739 | ​ | 364,674 | ​ | (295,449) | ​ | (563,355) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (858,804) | ​ | — | ​ | (858,804)
Net Income for the year | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 51,615,837 | ​ | — | ​ | 51,615,837 | ​ | 41,972 | ​ | 51,657,809
Other comprehensive Income for the year | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 3,304,317 | ​ | 3,304,317 | ​ | 3,781 | ​ | 3,308,098
Balance at December 31, 2023 | ​ | 442,672 | ​ | 27,960,909 | ​ | 254,538,548 | ​ | 14,050 | ​ | 2,944,946 | ​ | (680,897) | ​ | (4,485,515) | ​ | — | ​ | 4,307,608 | ​ | 44,666,692 | ​ | 11,668,481 | ​ | 341,377,494 | ​ | 273,267 | ​ | 341,650,761

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statement.

​

​

​

F-9

​

​

​

​

GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow

For the financial years ended on December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Cash flow from operating activities |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Income /(loss) for the year |  | 51,657,809 | ​ | (15,671,914) | ​ | (10,532,748)
Adjustments to obtain flows from operating activities: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income tax |  | 34,734,935 | ​ | (11,164,078) | ​ | 1,697,922
Depreciation and Impairment of non - financial assets |  | 31,931,273 | ​ | 31,447,803 | ​ | 25,629,749
Impairment losses on financial assets |  | 33,640,071 | ​ | 44,129,627 | ​ | 54,168,977
Other adjustments: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exchange rate difference on gold and foreign currency |  | (5,800,908) | ​ | (8,541,784) | ​ | (6,019,802)
Interest Income from loans and other financings |  | (1,157,697,255) | ​ | (784,354,347) | ​ | (627,418,680)
Interest Expense from deposits and financing received |  | 825,494,087 | ​ | 515,399,394 | ​ | 366,990,536
Net income financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss |  | (138,081,046) | ​ | (56,821,678) | ​ | (53,923,603)
Fair value measurement of investment properties |  | 7,012,278 | ​ | 2,503,275 | ​ | 2,675,231
Results from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money |  | 108,923,511 | ​ | 55,271,939 | ​ | 47,361,901
Interest on liabilities for financial leases |  | 33,690 | ​ | 1,555,148 | ​ | 1,630,621
Provisions reversed |  | (5,502,611) | ​ | (10,127,903) | ​ | (10,395,360)
Result from derecognition of financial assets measured at amortized cost | ​ | (16,857,100) | ​ | (1,531,618) | ​ | (1,541,901)
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(Increases) / decreases from operating assets: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 188,466,001 | ​ | 59,790,591 | ​ | 72,763,588
Derivatives |  | (2,874,712) | ​ | 425,411 | ​ | (27,824)
Reverse Repo transactions |  | (688,501,884) | ​ | 192,719,662 | ​ | (55,242,994)
Loans and other financing |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
To the non-financial public sector |  | (1,205,330) | ​ | (726,857) | ​ | 77,519
To the other financial entities |  | (1,999,421) | ​ | (1,541,063) | ​ | (355,621)
To the non-financial sector and foreign residents |  | 1,378,784,211 | ​ | 965,844,886 | ​ | 605,826,836
Other debt securities |  | 588,795,026 | ​ | (361,184,054) | ​ | (104,672,168)
Financial assets pledged as collateral |  | (1,326,077) | ​ | 6,746,784 | ​ | (6,893,080)
Other assets |  | (93,625,284) | ​ | 48,110,871 | ​ | (49,652,616)
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Increases / (decreases) from operating liabilities: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deposits |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-financial public sector |  | 14,042,239 | ​ | 17,098,039 | ​ | (2,828,948)
Financial sector |  | 160,678 | ​ | 78,686 | ​ | (288,535)
Private non-financial sector and foreign residents |  | (995,778,531) | ​ | (577,355,825) | ​ | (249,749,858)
Derivatives |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | (18,264)
Repo transactions |  | 940,332 | ​ | — | ​ | —
Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |  | (6,053,636) | ​ | (5,793,288) | ​ | (5,875,798)
Other liabilities |  | 15,216,610 | ​ | (98,506,299) | ​ | 67,909,146
Income Tax paid |  | (6,579,003) | ​ | (2,637,426) | ​ | (9,829,034)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net cash provided by operating activities (A) | ​ | 157,949,953 | ​ | 5,163,982 | ​ | 51,465,192
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash flows from investing activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Payments related to: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Purchase of PPE, intangible assets and other assets | ​ | (24,751,267) | ​ | (26,038,772) | ​ | (30,469,603)
Purchase of liabilities and equity instruments issued by other entities | ​ | 1,199,025 | ​ | 38,113 | ​ | (538,013)
Collections: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Disposals related to PPE, intangible assets and other assets |  | 4,662,862 | ​ | 2,475,354 | ​ | 2,529,757
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net cash used in investing activities (B) |  | (18,889,380) | ​ | (23,525,305) | ​ | (28,477,859)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash flows from financing activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Payments: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Lease liabilities | ​ | (5,004,160) | ​ | (7,927,034) | ​ | (14,721,681)
Unsubordinated debt securities | ​ | (1,782,823) | ​ | (4,677,087) | ​ | (45,936,548)
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions | ​ | (152,329,300) | ​ | (543,661,474) | ​ | (211,897,764)
Subordinated debt securities | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (10,442,289)
Dividends distribution | ​ | — | ​ | (1,531,690) | ​ | (3,122,242)
Acquisition of treasury shares | ​ | (858,804) | ​ | (4,307,609) | ​ | —
Collections: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unsubordinated debt securities |  | 34,552 | ​ | — | ​ | 13,661,245
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | 137,801,435 | ​ | 522,953,299 | ​ | 196,241,415
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net cash used in financing activities (C) |  | (22,139,100) | ​ | (39,151,595) | ​ | (76,217,864)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Effects of exchange rate changes (D) |  | 216,959,159 | ​ | 9,707,018 | ​ | 67,022,844
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the currency of Cash and equivalents (E) | ​ | (250,572,106) | ​ | (54,108,987) | ​ | (103,829,795)
Net increase/ (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (A+B+C+D+E) |  | 83,308,526 | ​ | (101,914,887) | ​ | (90,037,482)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year |  | 169,408,365 | ​ | 271,323,252 | ​ | 361,360,734
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year |  | 252,716,891 | ​ | 169,408,365 | ​ | 271,323,252

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statement.

​

​

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Table of Contents

GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​

1. ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND BASIS OF PREPARATION

Grupo Supervielle S.A. (individually referred to as “Grupo Supervielle” or “the Company” and jointly with its subsidiaries as the “Group”), is a financial services holding company organized under the laws of Argentina that conducts its business through its subsidiaries, providing banking services, proprietary brand credit card services, personal loans, insurance and other services.

Grupo Supervielle´s Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 include the assets, liabilities and results of the controlled companies detailed in Note 1.2.

1.1 Basis of preparation

These Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

The preparation of Financial Statements at a certain date requires Management to make estimations and evaluations affecting the amount of assets and liabilities recorded and contingent assets and liabilities disclosed at such date, as well as income and expenses recorded during the year. Actual results might differ from the estimates and evaluations made at the date of preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements. The most significant judgments made by Management in applying Grupo Supervielle’s accounting policies and the major estimations and significant judgments are described in Note 2.

These consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023, were approved by resolution of the Board of Directors' meeting held on April 26, 2024.

1.1.1 Going concern

The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 have been prepared on a going concern basis as there is a reasonable expectation that Grupo Supervielle will continue its operational activities in the foreseeable future (and in any event with a time horizon of more than twelve months from the end of the reporting period).

1.1.2 Measuring Unit – IAS 29 (Financial reporting in hyperinflationary economies)

The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Entity are expressed in Argentine pesos which is the functional currency of the Group.

IAS 29 establishes the conditions under which an entity shall restate its financial statements if it is located in an economic environment considered hyperinflationary. This Standard requires that the financial statements of an entity that reports in the currency of a highly inflationary economy shall be stated in terms of the measuring unit current at the closing date of the latest reporting period, regardless of whether they are based on a historical cost approach or a current cost approach. To this end, in general terms, the inflation rate must be computed in the non-monetary items as from the acquisition date or the revaluation date, as applicable. These requirements also comprise the comparative information of the financial statements.

To determine the existence of a highly inflationary economy under the terms of IAS 29, the standard details a series of factors to consider, including a cumulative inflation rate over three years that is close to or exceeds 100%.

It is important to highlight that the three-year accumulated inflation rate as of December 31, 2023 reached 815.6. Consequently, the Company has restated its consolidated financial statements in the terms of IAS 29 for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Grupo Supervielle used the National Consumer Price Index (National CPI) to restate balances and transactions. The tables below show the evolution of these indexes in the last three years and as of December 31, 2023 according to official statistics (INDEC):

F-11

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, | ​
Variation in Prices |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |
Annual |  | 50.9 | % | 94.8 | % | 211.4 | %
Accumulated 3 years |  | 216.1 | % | 300.3 | % | 815.6 | %

​

As a consequence of the aforementioned, these Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2023 were restated in accordance with the provisions of IAS 29.

Restatement of the Financial Position

Grupo Supervielle restated all the non-monetary items in order to reflect the impact of inflation in terms of the measuring unit current as of December 31, 2023. Consequently, the main items restated were Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible assets, Goodwill, Inventories and Equity. Each item must be restated since the date of the initial recognition in Grupo Supervielle's accounts or since the date of the last revaluation. Monetary items have not been restated because they are stated in terms of the measuring unit current as of December 31, 2023.

Comparative figures must also be presented in the measuring unit current as of December 31, 2023. Therefore, comparative figures for the previous reporting periods have been restated by applying a general price index, so that the resulting comparative financial statements are presented in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period.

Restatement of the Income Statement and the Statement of Cash Flows

In the Income Statement, items shall be restated from the dates when the items of income and expense were originally recorded. To this end, Grupo Supervielle applied the variations in the consumer price index.

The effect of inflation on the net monetary position is included in the Income Statement under Results from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money.

The items of the Statement of Cash Flows must also be restated in terms of the measuring unit current at the closing date of the Statement of Financial Position. IAS 29 paragraph para 33 states that all items in the statement of cash flows are expressed in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period.

Restatement of the Statement of Changes in Shareholder’s Equity

All components of the Statement of Changes in Shareholder’s Equity must be restated from the dates on which the items were contributed or otherwise arose.

1.1.3 Change in accounting policies and new accounting standards

The Group has applied the following amendments for the first time for their annual reporting period commencing 1 January 2023, none of which had a material impact on the entity, except for the application of IFRS 17, “Insurance Contracts” :

(a) Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements, IFRS Practice Paper 2 and IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors

(b) Amendments to IAS 12 Deferred tax related to assets and liabilities arising from a single transaction

(c) IFRS 17 “Insurance contracts”

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Table of Contents

GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​

On January 1, 2023, the Group adopted IFRS 17 ‘Insurance Contracts’. As required by the Standard, the Group applied the requirements retrospectively as from the transition date (January 1, 2022) with comparative data for periods before the transition date presented as previously published under IFRS 4 ‘Insurance Contracts’. IAS 1 ‘Presentation of Financial Statements’ requires that a third statement of financial position as of the transition date of January 1, 2022 to be disclosed, since the impact of the application is not material the Group decided not to present such statement.

The Group has determined that reasonable and supportable information was available for all contracts in force at the transition date. Accordingly, the Group has: identified, recognised and measured each group of insurance contracts and each insurance acquisition cash flows asset in this category as if IFRS 17 had always applied; derecognised any existing balances that would not exist if IFRS 17 had always applied; and recognised any resulting net difference in equity. At the transition date, the implementation of this Standard had the following impact.

The method used by the Group in the transition was the full retrospective approach, establishing the transition date as January 1, 2022.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | January 1, 2022
​ | ​ | Insurance contracts under IFRS 4 | ​ | Re-measured | ​ | Insurance contracts under IFRS 17
Assets | ​ | 5,229,639 | ​ | (4,843,303) | ​ | 386,336
Liabilities | ​ | (4,958,210) | ​ | 4,808,718 | ​ | (149,492)
Total | ​ | 271,429 | ​ | (34,585) | ​ | 236,844

​

See Notes 1.26 and 18 for more detail on the impacts of the application of this new Standard.Certain new accounting standards, amendments to accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for December 31, 2023 reporting periods and have not been early adopted by the Group:

(a) Amendments to IAS 16 – Leases

​

These amendments include requirements for sale and leaseback transactions in IFRS 16 to explain how an entity accounts for a sale and leaseback after the transaction date. Sale and leaseback transactions where some or all of the lease payments are variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate are most likely to be impacted.

​

The amendments will be effective for the annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024.

​

The impact from the application of this standard will not be material.

​

(b) Amendments to IAS 1 – Non-current assets with covenants

​

These amendments clarify how conditions with which an entity must comply within twelve months after the reporting period affect the classification of a Financial liability.

The amendments will be effective for the annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024. The impact from the application of this standard will not be material.

​

(c) Amendments to IAS 21 - Lack of Interchangeability

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The amendments establish a two-step approach to assessing whether a currency can be exchanged for another currency and, where this is not possible, determining the exchange rate to be used and the information to be disclosed.

The modifications will be efective for the years beginning on January 1, 2025 and, although international standards allow their early application, RG N°972/23 of the C.N.V. does not allow it.

The Group is currently evaluating the impact that this modification may have on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

1.2. Consolidation

A subsidiary is an entity (or subsidiary), including structured entities, in which Grupo Supervielle has control. The Group controls an entity where the Group is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power to direct the activities of the entity. The existence and the effect of the substantive rights, including substantive rights of potential vote, are considered when evaluating whether Grupo Supervielle has power over the other entity. For a right to be substantive, the holder must have the practical ability to exercise such right whenever it is necessary to make decisions to direct the activities of the entity. Grupo Supervielle can have control over an entity, even when it has less voting powers than those required for the majority.

Accordingly, the protective rights of other investors, as well as those related to substantive changes in the subsidiary´ activities or applicable only in unusual circumstances, do not prevent Grupo Supervielle from having power over a subsidiary. The subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to Grupo Supervielle. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases.

The following chart details the subsidiaries included in the consolidation process:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percentage of direct or indirect investment in capital stock |
Company |  | Main Activity |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021 |
Banco Supervielle S.A. |  | Commercial Bank |  | 99.90 | % (1) | 99.90 | % (1) | 99.90 | % (1)
IUDÚ Compañia Financiera S.A |  | Financial Company |  | — | % (2) | 99.90 | % | 99.90 | %
Tarjeta Automática S.A. |  | Credit Card |  | — | % (2) | 99.91 | % | 99.99 | %
Supervielle Asset Management S.A. |  | Asset Management and Other Services |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Sofital S.A.U.F.e.I. |  | Real State |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Espacio Cordial de Servicios S.A. |  | Retail Services |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Supervielle Seguros S.A. |  | Insurance |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Micro Lending S.A.U. |  | Financial Company |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
InvertirOnline S.A.U. |  | Financial Broker |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. |  | Representations |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
IOL Holding S.A. | ​ | Financial Company | ​ | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros S.A. |  | Insurance Broker |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Bolsillo Digital S.A.U. |  | Fintech |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Supervielle Agente de Negociación S.A.U. |  | Financial Broker |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Dólar IOL S.A.U. |  | Financial Company |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %

| (1) | Grupo Supervielle S.A.’s direct and indirect interest in Banco Supervielle S.A votes amounts to 99.87%, as of 12/31/2023, 12/31/2022 and 12/31/2021 respectively.

| (2) | On June 8, 2023, a definitive merger commitment between Banco Supervielle S.A. IUDÚ Compañía Financiera S.A. and Tarjeta Automática S.A.was signed. Refer to note 33 of the consolidated financial statements for more detail on the agreement.

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Table of Contents

GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

For consolidation purposes, financial statements corresponding to the year ended December 31, 2023 were used, which cover the same period of time with respect to Grupo Supervielle's financial statements.

Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between Grupo Supervielle companies are eliminated.

Non-controlling interests in the results and equity of subsidiaries are shown separately in the consolidated income statement, statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in shareholder´s equity and statement of financial position respectively.

In accordance with the provisions of IFRS 3, the acquisition method is the one used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries. The identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured at their fair values on the date of acquisition.

The excess of the: (i)consideration transferred, (ii) non-controlling interest in the acquired entity, and (iii) acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquired entity over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.

The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary comprises the: (i) fair values of the assets transferred, (ii) liabilities incurred to the former owners of the acquired business, (iii) equity interests issued by the group, (iv) fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, and (v) fair value of any pre-existing equity interest in the subsidiary.

​

1.3. Transactions with non-controlling interest

Grupo Supervielle treats transactions with non-controlling interests that do not result in a loss of control as transactions with equity owners of Grupo Supervielle. A change in ownership interest results in an adjustment between the carrying amounts of the controlling and non-controlling interests to reflect their relative interests in the subsidiary. Any difference between the amount of the adjustment to non-controlling interests and any consideration paid or received is recognized in a separate reserve within equity attributable to owners of Grupo Supervielle.

1.4. Segment Reporting

An operating segment is defined as a component of an entity or a Group that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses (including revenues and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the same entity), and whose financial information is evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker.

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to:

| (i) | Key senior management who allocate resources to and assess the performance of the operating segment; and

| (ii) | The Board, who is in charge of making strategic decisions of Grupo Supervielle.

1.5. Foreign currency translation

(a) Functional and presentation currency

Figures included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of each of Grupo Supervielle’s entities are measured using the functional currency, that is, the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates. Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in Argentine pesos, which is the functional and presentation currency of Grupo Supervielle.

Translation of foreign operations

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Table of Contents

GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The results and financial position of the subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the Argentine peso are translated into Grupo Supervielle's functional currency in accordance with the provisions of IAS 21 "Effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates", as follows:

•Assets and liabilities, at the closing exchange rate on the date of each consolidated statement of financial position.

•Income and expenses, at the average exchange rate.

Subsequently, the converted balances were adjusted for inflation in order to present them in the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period (see Note 1.1.2).

All the differences resulting from the translation were recognized in the "Foreign currency translation adjustment" line of the Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive income.

In the case of sale or disposal of any of the subsidiaries, the accumulated translation differences must be recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement as part of the gain or loss from the sale or disposal.

(b) Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currency are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates published by the Argentine Central Bank at the dates of the transactions. Gains and losses in foreign currency resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency at year end exchange rates, are recognized in the income statement, under "Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency".

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the balances in U.S. dollars were converted at the reference exchange rate determined by the Argentine Central Bank. In the case of foreign currencies other than U.S. dollars, they have been converted to this currency using the exchange rates derived from repo transactions reported by the Argentine Central Bank.

1.6. Cash and due from banks

Cash and due from Banks includes available cash and unrestricted deposits held in Banks, which are short-term liquid instruments and have original maturities of less than three months.

Assets disclosed under cash and due from Banks are measured at amortized cost which is close to its fair value.

Cash and Cash equivalents include cash and highly liquid short-term securities with an original maturity of less than three-months according to the following detail:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Item |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Cash and due from banks |  | 229,098,272 |  | 150,719,643 |  | 197,594,880
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 20,598,059 |  | 17,471,554 |  | 63,109,218
Money Market Funds |  | 3,020,560 |  | 1,217,168 |  | 10,619,154
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 252,716,891 |  | 169,408,365 |  | 271,323,252

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Reconciliation between balances as appearing on the Statement of Financial Position and the items in the Statement of Cash Flow:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Items |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Cash and due from Banks |  |  |  |  |  |
As per Statement of Financial Position |  | 229,098,272 |  | 150,719,643 |  | 197,594,880
As per the Statement of Cash Flow |  | 229,098,272 |  | 150,719,643 |  | 197,594,880
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  |  |  |  |  | ​
As per Statement of Financial Position |  | 46,415,822 |  | 69,707,595 |  | 119,850,286
Securities not considered a cash equivalents |  | (25,817,763) |  | (52,236,041) |  | (56,741,068)
As per the Statement of Cash Flow |  | 20,598,059 |  | 17,471,554 |  | 63,109,218
Money Market Funds |  |  |  |  |  |
As per Statement of Financial Position – Other financial assets |  | 46,499,784 |  | 25,246,191 |  | 84,456,802
Other financial assets not considered a cash equivalents |  | (43,479,224) |  | (24,029,023) |  | (73,837,648)
As per the Statement of Cash Flow |  | 3,020,560 |  | 1,217,168 |  | 10,619,154

​

Reconciliation of liabilities from financing activities at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Cash Flows | ​ | Other non-cash | ​ | ​
Items |  | 12/31/2022 |  | Inflows |  | Outflows |  | movements |  | 12/31/2023
Unsubordinated debt securities |  | 1,748,271 |  | 34,552 |  | (1,782,823) |  | — |  | —
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | 17,219,834 |  | 137,801,435 |  | (152,329,300) |  | — |  | 2,691,969
Lease Liabilities |  | 4,884,311 |  | — |  | (5,004,160) |  | 2,977,354 |  | 2,857,505
Total |  | 23,852,416 |  | 137,835,987 |  | (159,116,283) |  | 2,977,354 |  | 5,549,474

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Cash Flows | ​ | Other non-cash | ​ | ​
Items | ​ | 12/31/2021 | ​ | Inflows | ​ | Outflows |  | movements | ​ | 12/31/2022
Unsubordinated debt securities |  | 6,425,358 |  | — |  | (4,677,087) |  | — |  | 1,748,271
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | 37,928,009 |  | 522,953,299 |  | (543,661,474) |  | — |  | 17,219,834
Lease Liabilities |  | 8,239,249 |  | — |  | (7,927,034) |  | 4,572,096 |  | 4,884,311
Total |  | 52,592,616 |  | 522,953,299 |  | (556,265,595) |  | 4,572,096 |  | 23,852,416

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Cash Flows | ​ | Other non-cash | ​ | ​
Items | ​ | 12/31/2020 | ​ | Inflows | ​ | Outflows |  | movements | ​ | 12/31/2021
Unsubordinated debt securities |  | 38,700,661 |  | 13,661,245 |  | (45,936,548) |  | — |  | 6,425,358
Subordinated debt securities |  | 10,442,289 |  | — |  | (10,442,289) |  | — |  | —
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | 53,584,358 |  | 196,241,415 |  | (211,897,764) |  | — |  | 37,928,009
Lease Liabilities |  | 10,819,781 |  | — |  | (14,721,681) |  | 12,141,149 |  | 8,239,249
Total |  | 113,547,089 |  | 209,902,660 |  | (282,998,282) |  | 12,141,149 |  | 52,592,616

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

1.7. Associates

Associates are entities over which Grupo Supervielle has significant influence (directly or indirectly), but not control, generally accompanying a stake of between 20 and 50 percent of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method, and are initially recognized at cost. The book value of the associates includes the goodwill identified in the acquisition less accumulated impairment losses, if applicable. Dividends received from associates reduce the book value of the investment. Other changes subsequent to the acquisition in Grupo Supervielle's participation in the net assets of an associate are recognized as follows: (i) Grupo Supervielle's participation in the gains or losses of associates is recorded in the income statement as profit or loss by associates and joint ventures and (ii) Grupo Supervielle's share in other comprehensive income is recognized in the statement of other comprehensive income and is presented separately. However, when Grupo Supervielle's share of losses in an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, Grupo Supervielle will cease to recognize its share of additional losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.

Unrealized gains on transactions between Grupo Supervielle and its associates are eliminated to the extent of Grupo Supervielle's participation in the associates; unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the transferred asset.

1.8. Financial Instruments

Initial Recognition and measurement

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Purchases and sales of financial assets are recognized on trade-date, the date on which Grupo Supervielle commits to purchase or sell the asset.

At initial recognition, Grupo Supervielle measures financial assets or liabilities at fair value, plus or less, for instruments not recognized at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, such as fees and commissions.

When the fair value of financial assets and liabilities differs from the transaction price on initial recognition, Grupo Supervielle recognizes the difference as follows:

| ● | When the fair value is evidenced by a quoted price in an active market for an identical asset or liability or based on a valuation technique that only uses data from observable markets, the difference is recognized as a gain or loss.

| ● | In all other cases, the difference is deferred and the timing of recognition of deferred day one profit or loss is determined individually. It is either amortized over the life of the instrument until its fair value can be determined using market observable inputs, or realized through settlement.

Financial Assets

a – Debt Instruments

Debt instruments are those instruments that meet the definition of a financial liability from the issuer’s perspective, such as loans, government and corporate bonds and, accounts receivables purchased from clients in non-recourse factoring transactions.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Classification

Pursuant to IFRS 9, the Entity classifies financial assets depending on whether these are subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss, on the basis of:

a) Grupo Supervielle’s business model for managing financial assets, and;

b) the cash-flows characteristics of the financial asset

Business Model

The business model refers to the way in which Grupo Supervielle manages a set of financial assets to achieve a specific business objective. It represents the way in which Grupo Supervielle maintains the instruments for the generation of funds.

The business models that Grupo Supervielle can follow are the following:

-Held to collect the contractual cash flows;

-Held to collect the contractual cash flows and selling the assets; or

-Held for trading.

Grupo Supervielle determines its business model at the level that best reflects how it manages groups of financial assets to achieve a specific business objective.

​

The business model of Grupo Supervielle does not depend on the management’s intentions for an individual instrument.

Therefore, this business model is not evaluated instrument by instrument, but at a higher level of aggregated portfolios and is based on observable factors such as:

| ● | How the business model’s return is evaluated and how financial assets held in that business model are evaluated and reported to Grupo Supervielle’s key personnel.

| ● | The risks affecting the business model’s return (and financial assets held in that business model) and, particularly, the way these risks are managed.

| ● | How Grupo Supervielle’s key personnel is compensated (for instance, if salaries are based on the fair value of the assets managed or on contractual cash flows collected).

| ● | The expected frequency, the value, moment and reasons of sales are also important aspects.

The evaluation of the business model is based on reasonably expected scenarios, irrespective of worst-case or stress case scenarios. If after the initial recognition cash flows are realized in a different manner from the original expectations, Grupo Supervielle will not change the classification of the remaining financial assets held in that business model, but it will consider such information for evaluating recent purchases or originations. An instrument’s reclassification is only made when, and only when, an entity changes its business model for managing financial assets.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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Contractual Cash Flow Characteristics

Where the business model is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows or to collect contractual cash flows and sell, Grupo Supervielle assesses whether the financial instruments’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest. Where the contractual terms introduce exposure to risk or volatility that are inconsistent with a basic lending arrangement, the related financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss.

Based on the aforementioned, there are three different categories of Financial Assets:

i) Financial assets at amortized cost.

Financial assets shall be measured at amortized cost if both of the following conditions are met:

(a) the financial asset is held for collection of contractual cash flows, and

(b) the assets’s cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest.

The amortized cost is the amount at which it is measured at initial recognition minus the principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortization using the effective interest rate method of any difference between that initial amount and the maturity amount and, for financial assets, adjusted for any loss allowance. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash recepits through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset (i.e. its amortised cost before any impairment allowance).When applying this method, Grupo Supervielle identifies the incremental direct costs as an integral part of the effective interest rate.

ii) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income:

Financial assets shall be measured at fair value through other comprehensive income when:

(a) the financial asset is held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling financial assets and

(b) the asset’s cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest.

These financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value plus incremental and directly attributable transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. Gains and losses arising from changes in fair value are included in other comprehensive income within a separate component of equity. Losses or reversals due to impairment, interest income and exchange rate gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss. At the time of its sale or disposal, the accumulated gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to the Consolidated Income Statement.

​

iii) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss:

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss comprise:

| ● | Instruments held for trading

| ● | Instruments specifically designated at fair value through profit or loss

| ● | Instruments with contractual cash-flows that do not represent solely payments of principal and interest

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

These financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value and any change in fair value measurement is charged to the Consolidated Income Statement.

Grupo Supervielle classifies a financial instrument as held for trading if such instrument is acquired or incurred for the main purpose of selling or repurchasing it in the short term, or it is part of a portfolio of financial instruments which are managed together and for which there is evidence of short-term profits or if it is a derivative financial instrument not designated as a hedging instrument. Derivatives and trading securities are classified as held for trading and are measured at fair value.

The fair value of these instruments was calculated using the quotes in active markets at the end of each fiscal year. In the absence of an active market, valuation techniques were used that included the use of market operations carried out under conditions of mutual independence, between interested and duly informed parties, whenever available, as well as references to the current fair value of another instrument that is substantially similar, or discounted cash flow analysis. The estimation of fair values is explained in greater detail in the Note 2 “critical accounting policies and estimates”.

In addition, financial assets may be valued (“designated”) at fair value through profit or loss when, by doing so, Grupo Supervielle eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency.

b – Equity Instruments

Equity instruments are instruments that do not contain a contractual obligation to pay cash or any other financial asset and that evidence a residual interest in the issuer’s net assets.

Such instruments are measured at fair value through profit and loss, except where Grupo Supervielle’s management has elected, at initial recognition, to irrevocably designate an equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income. This option is available when instruments are not held for trading. The gains or losses of these instruments are recognized in other comprehensive income and are not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss, including on disposal. Dividends that result from such instrument will be charged to income when Grupo Supervielle’s right to receive payments is established.

Derecognition of Financial Assets

Grupo Supervielle derecognizes financial assets only when any of the following conditions are met:

| 1. | The rights on the financial asset cash flows have expired; or

| 2. | The financial asset is transferred pursuant to the requirements in 3.2.4 of IFRS 9.

Grupo Supervielle derecognizes financial assets that have been transferred only when the following characteristics are met:

| 1. | The contractual rights to receive the cashflows from the assets have expired or when they have been transferred and Grupo Supervielle transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership.

| 2. | The Entity retains the contractual rights to receive cash flows from assets but assumes a contractual obligation to pay those cash flows to other entities and transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards. These transactions result in derecognition if Grupo Supervielle:

| a. | Has no obligation to make payments unless it collects amounts from the assets;

| b. | Is prohibited from selling or pledging the financial assets;

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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| c. | Has an obligation to remit any cash it collects from the assets without material delay.

Write Off of Financial Assets

Grupo Supervielle reduces the gross carrying amount of a financial asset when it has no reasonable expectations of recovering a financial asset in its entirety of a portion thereof. A write-off constitutes a derecognition event.

Financial Liabilities

Classification

Grupo Supervielle classifies its financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective rate method, except for:

| ● | Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.

| ● | Financial liabilities arising from the transfer of financial assets which did not qualify for derecognition.

| ● | Financial guarantee contracts and loan commitments.

| ● | Commitments to grant loans at rates below market rate

Financial Liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss: At initial recognition, Grupo Supervielle can designate a liability at fair value through profit or loss if it reflects more appropriately the financial information because:

| ● | Grupo Supervielle eliminates or substantially reduces an accounting mismatch in measurement or recognition inconsistency; or

| ● | if financial assets and financial liabilities are managed and their performances assessed on a fair value basis according to an investment strategy or a documented risk management; or

| ● | if a host contract contains one or more embedded derivatives and Grupo Supervielle has opted for designating the entire contract at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial guarantee contract: A guarantee contract is a contract which requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due, in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument.

Financial guarantee contracts and loan commitments are initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured at the higher of the amount of the loss allowance and the unaccrued premium at year end.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

The Entity derecognizes financial liabilities when they are extinguished; this is, when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

1.9. Derivatives

Derivatives are initially recognized at their fair value on the date on which the derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at fair value.

All derivative instruments are recognised as assets when their fair value is positive, and as liabilities when their fair value is negative. Any change in the fair value of derivative instruments is included in the Consolidated Income Statement.

Grupo Supervielle does not apply hedge accounting.

1.10. Repo Transactions

Reverse Repo Transactions

According to the derecognition principles set out in IFRS 9, these transactions are treated as secured loans since the risk has not been transferred to the counterparty. Loans granted in the form of reverse repo agreements are accounted for under "Reverse repo transactions", classified by counterparty and also by the type of assets received as collateral. At the end of each month, accrued interest income is charged under "Reverse repo transactions" with its corresponding offsetting entry in "Interest Income". The assets received and sold by Grupo Supervielle are derecognized at the end of the repo transaction, and an in-kind liability is recorded to reflect the obligation to deliver the security disposed of.

Repo Transactions

Loans granted in the form of repo transactions are accounted for under "Repo Transactions", classified by counterparty and also by the type of asset pledged as collateral. In these transactions, when the recipient of the underlying asset becomes entitled to sell it or pledge it as collateral, it is reclassified to "Financial assets pledged as collateral". At the end of each month, these assets are measured according to the category they had before they were subject to the repo transaction, and results are charged against the applicable accounts, depending on the type of asset. At the end of each month, accrued interest expense is charged under "Repo Transactions" with its corresponding offsetting entry in "Interest-Expenses".

1.11.Impairment of financial assets

Grupo Supervielle assesses on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses (“ECL”) associated to its financial assets measured at amortized cost, debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts that are not measured at fair value.

Grupo Supervielle measures ECL of financial instruments reflecting the following:

(a)An unbiased and probability – weighted amount that is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes

(b)the time value of money; and

(c)reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort at the reporting date about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

IFRS 9 outlines a “three stages” model for impairment based on changes in credit quality since initial recognition:

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

•If, at the reporting date, the credit risk of a financial instrument has not increased significantly since its initial recognition, Grupo Supervielle will classify such instrument in “Stage 1”.

•If a significant increase in credit risk (“SICR”) since initial recognition is identified, the financial instrument is moved to “Stage 2”, but such instrument is not yet deemed to be credit-impaired.

•If the financial instrument is credit-impaired, it is moved to “Stage 3”.

•Financial instruments in “Stage 1”, have their ECL measured at an amount equal to the portion of lifetime expected credit losses that result from default events possible within the next 12 months. Instruments in “Stage 2” or “Stage 3” have their, ECL measured based on expected credit losses on a lifetime basis. Note 1.11.2 includes a description of how Grupo Supervielle defines when a significant increase in credit risk has occurred.

•A pervasive concept in the measuring ECL in accordance with IFRS 9 is that it should consider forward-looking information.

•Purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets are those financial assets that are credit-impaired on initial recognition. Their ECL is always measured on a lifetime basis (“Stage 3”).

The following diagram summarizes the impairment requirement under IFRS 9 (other than purchased or originated credit-impaired):

Changes in the credit quality since initial recognition
Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3
(initial recognition) | (significant increase of credit risk since initial recognition) | credit-impaired assets)
12 month- ECL | Lifetime ECL

​

The following describes Grupo Supervielle´s key judgements and assumptions for ECL measurement:

1.11.2 Significant increase in credit risk

Grupo Supervielle considers a financial instrument to have experienced a significant increase in credit risk when any of the following conditions exist:

Personal and Business Banking
​

| ● | Portfolios between 31 and 90 days past due.

| ● | Credit origination score has deteriorated by more than 30% with respect to the current behavioural score.

| ● | Internal Behavioral Score is less than cut off (1).

(1) High Income Customers: Plan Sueldo segment (payrroll customers) >=400, Open Market Segment >=650 and Senior Citizens Segment>=600. Other customers: Plan Sueldo Segment (payrroll customers) >=500, Open Market Segment >=700 and Senior Citizens Segment >=600

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Corporate Banking

| ● | Portfolios between 31 and 90 days past due.

| ● | Maximum Argentine Central Bank (BCRA) Situation equal to 2.

| ● | Have a behavioural score with probability of default “PD” greater than 30%.

| ● | Its credit rating deteriorated by more than two notes with respect to its credit approval rating.

Sectoral Analysis

Considering that the internal impairment models are estimated using historical information, the risk of default of the corporate portfolio includes an additional sectoral analysis which is performed by grouping financial assets of the corporate portfolio by industry and analysing the risk associated to each industry in the current economic enviroment.

Finally, the different industries that are part of the Grupo Supervielle's portfolio are classified into four types of risk. They are:

| ● | Low risk

| ● | Medium risk

| ● | High risk

| ● | Very high risk

The risk rating matrix by industry is presented below, as of December 31, 2023 no high or very high risk industries have been identified:

​

RISK RATING BY INDUSTRY
Agriculture | Low | Utilities (Power generation) | Medium
Food and Drinks | Low | Utilities (Trans. And dist. of energy) | Medium
Financial | Low | Chemicals and plastics | Medium
Supermarkets | Low | Auto Parts/Dealers | Medium
Utilities (water and waste) | Low | Cargo transportation | Medium
Oil and mining | Low | Construction | Medium
Pharmaceutical | Low | Art.Home | Medium
IT/Communications | Low | Insurance | Medium
Cleaning | Low | Paper, cardboard, wood, glass | Medium
Oil Industry | Low | Dairy industry | Medium
Wine industry | Low | Private construction | Medium
Citrus Industry | Low | Iron and steel industry | Medium
Automotive terminals | Low | Machinery and equipment | Medium

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

RISK RATING BY INDUSTRY
SGR | Low | Professionals | Medium
Others | Low | Home Appliances (Product.) | Medium
Sugar Industry | Medium | Appliances (Commercial) | Medium
Public Construction | High | Health | High
Textile | Medium | Tourism and gastronomy | Medium
Real Etate | Medium | Passenger Transport | Medium
Sports | Medium | Refrigerators | Medium
Entertaiment | Medium | ​ | ​

​

In case of activities with high or very high risk, the financial assets are included in Stage 2.

​

1.11.3 Individual and collective evaluation basis

Expected credit losses are estimated both in a collective and individual basis.

Grupo Supervielle´s individual estimation is aimed at calculating expected credit losses for significantly impaired loans. In these cases, the amount of credit losses is calculated as the difference between expected cash flows discounted at the instrument´s effective interest rate and the carrying value of the instrument.

For expected credit loss provisions modelled on a collective basis, Grupo Supervielle has developed internal models. The grouping of exposures is performed on the basis of shared risk characteristics, such that risk exposures within group are homogeneous. In performing the grouping there must be sufficient information for the group to be statistically reliable.

Grupo Supervielle has identified three groupings: Personal and Business, Corporate Banking and Consumer Finance, amongst these three segments Grupo Supervielle estimates parameters in a more granular way based on the shared risk characteristics.

Credit risk features may consider the following factors, among others:

​

​

Group | Parameter | Grouping
--- | --- | ---
Personal and Business Banking | Probability of Default (PD) | Personal loans (1)
|  | Credit card loans (1)
|  | Mortgage loans
|  | Automobile and other secured loans
|  | Refinancing
|  | Other financings
| Loss Given Default (LGD) | Personal loans (1)
|  | Credit card loans (1)
|  | Automobile and other secured loans
|  | Overdrafts
|  | Mortgage loans

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Group | Parameter | Grouping
--- | --- | ---
|  | Refinancing
|  | Other financings

​

Group | Parameter | Grouping
--- | --- | ---
Corporate Banking | Probability of Default (PD) (2) | Medium companies
|  | Small companies
|  | Financial sector
| Severidad (LGD) | Secured loans
|  | Unsecured loans

​

| (1) | For credit cards and personal loans, Grupo Supervielle includes an additional layer of analysis: senior citizens, high income, open market, high income payroll, non- high income open market, non-high income payroll, Personal and Business Banking, former senior citizens and former payroll.

​

| (2) | Probability of default within Corporate Banking is calculated by grouping clients based on the client size for Stage 1 facilities. For Stage 2 and Stage 3, Probability of default is calculated including all segments of Corporate Banking due to the lack of materiality to form a larger group.

​

The credit risk characteristics used to group the instruments are, among others: type of instrument, debtor's sector of activity, geographical area of activity, type of guarantee, aging of past due balances and any other factor relevant to estimating the future cash flows.

Grouping of financial instruments is monitored and reviewed on a regular basis by the Credit Risk and Stress Test Area.

1.11.4 Definition of default and credit-impaired

Grupo Supervielle defines a financial instrument as in default when such instrument meets one or more of the following criteria:

Personal and Business Banking

| ● | Financial instruments more than 90 days past due on its contractual payments.

Corporate Banking

| ● | Financial instruments more than 90 days past due.

| ● | Financial instruments with Argentine Central Bank situation greater than or equal to 3.

| ● | C or D behavioural score.

These criteria are applied in a consistent manner to all financial instruments and are aligned with the internal definition of default used for the administration of credit risk. Likewise, such definition is consistently applied to define PD ("Probability of Default"), Exposure at Default ("EAD") and Loss Given Default ( "LGD").

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

1.11.5 Measurement of Expected Credit Loss – Explanation of inputs, assumptions and calculation techniques

ECL is measured on a 12-month or lifetime basis, depending on whether a significant increase in credit risk has occurred since initial recognition or whether an asset is considered to be credit-impaired. ECL are the discounted product of the Probability of Default ("PD"), Exposure at default ("EAD") and Loss Given Default ("LGD"), defined as follows:

| ● | The PD represents the likelihood of a borrower defaulting on its financial obligation (pursuant to the "Definition of default and credit impaired" set forth in Note 1.11.4), either over the next 12 months or over the remaining lifetime (lifetime PD) of the obligation.

| ● | EAD is based on the amounts Grupo Supervielle expects to be owed at the time of default, over the next 12 months (12 months EAD) or over the remaining lifetime (lifetime EAD). For example, for a revolving credit facility, Grupo Supervielle includes the current drawn balance plus any further amount that is expected to be drawn up to the current contractual limit by the time of default, should it occur.

| ● | LGD represents Grupo Supervielle´s expectation of the extent of loss on a defaulted exposure. LGD varies by type of counterparty, seniority of claim, availability of collateral or other type of credit support. LGD is expressed as a percentage per unit of exposure at the time of default. LGD is calculated on a 12-month or lifetime basis, where 12 month LGD is the percentage of loss expected to be incurred if a default occurs in the next 12 months and lifetime LGD is the percentage of loss expected to be made if adefault occurs over the remaining expected life of the loan.

ECL is determined by projecting PD, LGD and EAD for each future month and each individual exposure or collective segment. These three components are multiplied and adjusted for the likelihood of survival (that is, the exposure has not been prepaid or defaulted in an earlier month). This effectively calculates an ECL for each future month, which is then discounted back to the reporting date and add up. The discount rate used in the ECL calculation is the original effective interest rate or an approximation thereof.

The Entity based its calculation of the ECL parameters on internal models that were adapted in order to be compliant with IFRS 9.

Grupo Supervielle includes forward-looking information in its definition of PD, EAD and LGD. See Note 1.11.6 for the explanation of forward-looking information and its consideration in the calculation of ECL.

1.11.6 Forward-looking information considered in expected credit loss models

The evaluation of significant increase in credit risk and the calculation of ECL includes forward-looking information. Grupo Supervielle has performed historical analysis and identified key economic variables that impact credit risk and expected credit losses for each portfolio.

Forecasts of these economic variables ("base economic scenario") are provided by the Research team of Grupo Supervielle and provide the best estimate view of the economy over the next 12 months. The impact of these economic variables on PD and LGD has been determined by performing statistical regression analysis to understand the impact changes in these variables have had historically on default rates and LGD components.

In addition to the base economic scenario, Grupo Supervielle's Research team also provides two possible scenarios together with scenario weightings. The number of other scenarios used is established based on the analysis of the main products to ensure that the effect of linearity between the future economic scenario and the associated expected credit losses is captured. The number of scenarios and their attributes are reassessed annually, unless a situation occurs in the macroeconomic environment that justifies a more frequent review.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

As of December 31, 2023, as for its portfolios, Grupo Supervielle concluded that three scenarios have properly captured non-linearities. Scenario analysis are defined by means of a combination of statistic and expert judgement analysis, taking into account the range of potential results of which each scenario is representative. As with any economic forecast, projections and probabilities of occurrence are subject to a high degree of inherent uncertainty, and therefore actual results may be significantly different than projected. Grupo Supervielle considers that these forecasts account for its best calculation of potential results and has analyzed the non-lineal and asymmetric impacts within the different portfolios of Grupo Supervielle to establish that chosen scenarios are representative of the range of possible scenarios.

The most significant assumptions used to calculate ECL as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Parameter | Industry / Segment | Macroeconomic Indicator | Scenario 1 |  | Scenario 2 |  | Scenario 3 |
​ | Personal and Business Banking | Inflation Rate | 205.6 | % | 173.9 | % | 301.7 | %
Probability of Default | ​ | Private Sector Real Wage | (0.2) | % | 2.9 | % | (5.0) | %
​ | Corporate Banking | Private Sector Real Wage | (0.2) | % | 2.9 | % | (5.0) | %
​ | ​ | Monthly Economic Activity Estimator | 145 | ​ | 150 | ​ | 141 | ​
​ | Personal and Business Banking | Private Sector Real Wage | (0.2) | % | 2.9 | % | (5.0) | %
Loss Given Default | ​ | Monetary Policy Rate | 105.0 | % | 94.5 | % | 154.1 | %
​ | Corporate Banking | Private Sector Real Loans | 245.2 | % | 109.4 | % | 193.7 | %
​ | ​ | Exchange rate | 2,011 | ​ | 1,857 | ​ | 3,374 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

The following are weightings assigned to each scenario as of December 31, 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Scenario 1 |  | 60 | %
Scenario 2 |  | 20 | %
Scenario 3 |  | 20 | %

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Sensitivity analysis

The chart below includes changes in ECL as of December 31, 2023 that would result from reasonably potential changes in the following parameters:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
December 31, 2023 |  |  |
Reported ECL Allowance |  | 17,448,828 | ​
Gross carrying amount |  | 499,903,912 | ​
Reported Loss rate |  | 3.49 | %
Irregular Portfolio Coverage | ​ | 236.48 | %
ECL amount by scenarios |  |  | ​
Favorable scenario (Allowances for loan losses) |  | 15,715,368 | ​
Unfavorable scenario (Allowances for loan losses) |  | 19,595,418 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loss Rate by scenarios | ​ | ​ | ​
Favorable scenario | ​ | 3.14 | %
Unfavorable scenario | ​ | 3.92 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Coverage Ratio by Scenario | ​ | ​ | ​
Favorable scenario | ​ | 212.98 | %
Unfavorable scenario | ​ | 265.57 | %

​

1.12. Leases (the Group as lessor)

Group as lessor

Operating leases

Leases where the lessor retains a substantial portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of lease incentives) are recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. In addition, Grupo Supervielle recognizes the associated costs such as amortization and expenses.

The historical cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of these items and those expenses are charged to profit or loss during the lease term.

The depreciation applied to the leased underlying assets is consistent with the one applied to similar assets’ group. In addition, Grupo Supervielle utilizes the criteria described in Note 1.18 to determine whether there is objective evidence that an impairment loss has occurred.

Finance leases

They have been recorded at the current value of the unearned amounts, calculated according to the conditions agreed in the respective contracts, based on the interest rate implicit in them.

Initial measurement

​

Grupo Supervielle uses the interest rate implicit in the lease to measure the net investment. This is defined in such a way that the initial direct costs are automatically included in the net investment of the lease.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Initial direct costs, other than those incurred by manufacturers or concessionaires, are included in the initial measurement of the net investment of the lease and reduce the amount of income recognized over the term of the lease. The interest rate implicit in the lease is defined in such a way that initial direct costs are automatically included in the net investment in the lease; there is no need to add them separately.

​

The difference between the gross amount receivable and the present value represents the finance income that is recognized over the term of the lease. Finance income from leases is recorded in profit or loss for the year. Impairment losses over the lease receivable are recognized in income for the year (see Note 1.11).

See accounting policy related to those leases in which Grupo Supervielle acts as lessee in Note 7 to these Consolidated Financial Statements.

​

1.13. Property, plant and equipment

| a) | Basis of measurement used

​

Land and buildings are recognised at fair value based on periodic, valuations by external independent valuers, less subsequent depreciation for buildings. A revaluation surplus is credited to shareholders’ equity.

Management updates the valuation of the fair value of land and buildings (classified as property, plant and equipment), taking into account independent valuations. The sale prices of comparable properties are adjusted considering the specific aspects of each property, the most relevant assumption being the price per square meter (Level 3). Management determines the value of property, plant and equipment within a range of fair value estimates and considering the currency in which the market transactions are carried out. The revaluations are carried out with sufficient regularity, in order to ensure that the book value, at all times, does not differ significantly from the fair value of each asset subject to revaluation.

Increases in the carrying amounts arising on revaluation of land and buildings are recognised, in other comprehensive income and accumulated in reserves in shareholders’ equity. To the extent that the increase reverses a decrease previously recognised in profit or loss, the increase is first recognised in profit or loss. Decreases that reverse previous increases of the same asset are first recognised in other comprehensive income to the extent of the remaining surplus attributable to the asset; all other decreases are charged to profit or loss. Each year, the difference between depreciation based on the revalued carrying amount of the asset charged to profit or loss and depreciation based on the asset’s original cost, is reclassified from the property, plant and equipment revaluation surplus to retained earnings.

All other property, plant and equipment is stated at historical cost (adjusted for inflation as explained in Note 1.1.2) less depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to Grupo Supervielle, and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of an asset is derecognized when replaced.

Repairs and maintenance expenses are charged to profit or loss when they are incurred.

| b) | Depreciation methods used

​

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method, applying annual rates sufficient to extinguish the values of assets at the end of their estimated useful lives. In those cases in which an asset includes significant components with different useful lives, such components are recognized and depreciated as separate items.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The following chart presents the useful life for each item included in property, plant and equipment:

​

​ | ​ | ​
Property, plant and equipment |  | Estimated useful life
Buildings |  | 50 Years
Furniture |  | 10 Years
Machines and equipment |  | 5 Years
Vehicles |  | 5 Years
Land | ​ | Not depreciated
Construction in progress |  | Not depreciated

​

The asset’s residual values and useful lives are reviewed and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount.

1.14. Investment properties

Basis of measurement used

Investment properties are composed of buildings held for obtaining a rent or for capital appreciation or both, but is never occupied by Grupo Supervielle.

Investment properties under the fair value approach, are measured at its fair value, and any gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value is recognized in profit or loss. Investment properties are never depreciated. The fair value is determined using sales comparison approach prepared by Grupo Supervielle's management considering a report of an independent valuation expert.

The sale prices of comparable properties are adjusted considering the specific aspects of each property, the most relevant assumption being the price per square meter (Level 3).

Investment properties under the cost approach reflect the amount that would be required to replace the service capacity of the asset. They were valued at acquisition or construction cost, net of accumulated depreciation and / or accumulated depreciation losses. The cost includes expenses that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of these items.

Movements in investment properties for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Income derived from rents (rents charged) |  | 89,087 |  | 228,579
Direct operating expenses of properties that generated income derived from rents |  | (15,681) |  | (17,655)
Fair value remeasurement |  | (7,012,278) |  | (2,503,275)
Total |  | (6,938,872) |  | (2,292,351)

​

The net result generated by the investment property as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 amounts to a loss of $6,938,872 and an loss of $2,292,351 respectively, and is recognized under "Other operating income", "Administrative expenses" and "Other operating expenses". in the Consolidated Income Statement.

Gain and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with the carrying amount.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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1.15. Inventories

As of December 31, 2023, the Group has no inventory balance.

As of December 31, 2022, inventories were valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes the acquisition costs (net of discounts, rebates and similar), as well as other costs that have been incurred to bring the inventories to their current location and conditions to be commercialized. The net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of sale.

Grupo Supervielle evaluates the net realizable value of inventories at the end of each year, charging the corresponding value correction to results to the extent that the book value exceeds the net realizable value. The Group reverses previously recognised impairment losses when the circumstances that previously caused the value adjustment cease to exist, or when there is clear evidence of an increase in net value. The Group establishes a provision for obsolete or slow-moving products relative to the inventory at the end of each year. This forecast is established based on an analysis of product obsolescence carried out by management.

1.16. Intangible Assets

(a) Goodwill

Goodwill resulting from the acquisition of subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures account for the excess of:

| (i) | the cost of an acquisition, which is measured as the sum of the consideration transferred, valued at fair value at the acquisition date plus the amount of non-controlling interest; and

| (ii) | the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed of the acquiree.

​

Goodwill is included in the intangible assets item in the Consolidated statement of financial position.

Goodwill is not subject to amortization, but it is annually tested for impairment. Impairment losses are not reverted once recorded. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold.

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. Goodwill impairment is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount which derives from the fair value of the cash-generating unit. The fair value of the reporting unit is estimated using discounted cash flows techniques.

(b) Trademarks and licenses

Trademarks and licenses acquired separately are initially valued at historical cost, while those acquired through a business combination are recognized at their estimated fair value at the acquisition date.

Intangible assets with a finite useful life are subsequently carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and / impairment losses, if any. These assets are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired.

Trademarks acquired by Grupo Supervielle have been classified as intangible assets with an indefinite useful life. The main factors considered for this classification include the years in which they have been in service and their recognition among industry customers.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are those that arise from contracts or other legal rights that can be renewed without a significant cost and for which, based on an analysis of all the relevant factors, there is no foreseeable limit of the period over which the asset is expected to generate net cash flows for Grupo Supervielle. These intangible assets are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired, either individually or at the level of the cash generating unit. The categorization of the indefinite useful life is reviewed annually to confirm if it is still applicable.

Impairment losses are recognized when the book value exceeds its recoverable value. The recoverable value of the assets corresponds to the greater of the recoverable value of the asset or its value in use. For the purposes of the impairment test, assets are grouped at the lowest level at which they generate identifiable cash flows (cash generating units). The impairments of these non-financial assets - other than goodwill - are reviewed at each reporting date to verify possible reversals.

(c) Software

Costs related to software maintenance are recognized as an expense as incurred. Development, acquisition or implementation costs which are directly attributable to the design and testing of identifiable and unique software products controlled by Grupo Supervielle are recognized as intangible assets.

The development, acquisition or implementation costs initially recognized as expenses for a period are not subsequently recognized as the cost of the intangible asset. The costs incurred in the development, acquisition or implementation of software, recognized as intangible assets, are amortized by applying the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, in a term that does not exceed five years.

1.18. Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets with an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization but are tested annually for impairment or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable or, at least, on an annual basis.

Impairment losses are recognized when the carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or group of assets (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.

1.19. Trust Assets

Assets held by Grupo Supervielle in its Trustee role, are not included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Commissions and fees earned from trust activities are included in Service fee income.

1.20. Offsetting

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated financial statement where Grupo Supervielle has a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realize the assets and settle the liability simultaneously.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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1.21. Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other Financial Institutions

The amounts owed to other financial institutions are recorded at the time the bank disburses the proceeds to Grupo Supervielle. Non-derivative financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost.

In the event that Grupo Supervielle repurchases its own debt, it is eliminated from the consolidated financial statements and the difference between the residual value of the financial liability and the amount paid is recognized as a financial income or expense.

1.22. Provisions / Contingencies

A provision will be recognized when:

| ● | an entity has a present obligation (legal or implicit) as a result of past event;

| ● | it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying future economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; and

| ● | the amount can be reliably estimated.

An Entity will be deemed to have an implicit obligation where (a) Grupo Supervielle has assumed certain responsibilities as a consequence of past practices or public policies and (b) as a result, Grupo Supervielle has created an expectation that it will discharge those responsibilities.

Grupo Supervielle recognizes the following provisions:

For labor, civil and commercial lawsuits: provisions are calculated based on lawyers’ reports about the status of the proceedings and the estimate about the potential losses to be afforded by Grupo Supervielle, as well as on the basis of past experience in this type of claims.

For miscellaneous risks: These provisions are set up to address contingencies that may trigger obligations for Grupo Supervielle. In estimating the provision amounts, Grupo Supervielle evaluates the likelihood of occurrence taking into consideration the opinion of its legal and professional advisors.

Other contingent liabilities are: i) possible obligations that arise from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of uncertain future events not wholly within the control of Grupo Supervielle; or ii) present obligations that arise from past events but it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to its settlement; or whose amount cannot be measured with sufficient reliability.

Other contingent liabilities are not recognized. Contingent liabilities, whose possibility of any outflow in settlement is remote, are not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the nature of the guarantee is disclosed.

Grupo Supervielle does not account for positive contingencies, other than those arising from deferred taxes and those contingencies whose occurrence is virtually certain.

As of the date of these Consolidated Financial Statements, Grupo Supervielle’s management believes there are no elements leading to determine the existence of contingencies that might be materialized and have a negative impact on these Consolidated Financial Statements other than those disclosed in Note 16.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

1.23. Other non-financial liabilities

Non-financial liabilities are accrued when the counterparty has fulfilled its contractual obligations and are measured at amortized cost.

1.24. Employee benefits

​

Grupo Supervielle, make provisions related to early retirement plans. The liability related to these plans and benefits is not expected to be settled in the next 12 months. Therefore, they are measured at the present value of the future cash flows that are expected to be realized with respect to the services provided by the employees until the end of the year using the credit unit method. The level of salaries, experience and separations as well as the years of service are taken into account. Expected future payments are discounted using the market rate at the end of the year corresponding to sovereign bonds with terms and currency that coincide with the expected flows. Remeasurements as a result of experience and changes in actuarial premises are recognized in results.

Provisions for short-term benefits are measured at the present value of the disbursements that are expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax interest rate that reflects current market conditions on the value of money and the specific risks for said obligation. The increase in the provision for the passage of time is recognized in the net financial results caption of the consolidated income statement.

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by Grupo Supervielle before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. Grupo Supervielle recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when Grupo Supervielle can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of IAS 37 and makes the payment of terminations benefits. In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

1.25. Debt Securities

Subordinated and unsubordinated Debt Securities issued by Grupo Supervielle are measured at amortized cost. Where Grupo Supervielle buys back its own debt, such obligations will be derecognized from the Consolidated Financial Statements and the difference between the residual value of the financial liability and the amount paid will be recognized as financial income or expenses.

​

The detail of the programs is described in Note 23.

​

1.26. Assets and liabilities derived from insurance contracts

Grupo Supervielle applies IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts” in order to recognize and measure the assets and liabilities derived from insurance contracts.

Main accounting policies applied – Insurance Contracts

​

Insurance contracts

​

Insurance contracts are contracts under which the Group accepts a significant insurance risk from a policyholder by agreeing to compensate the policyholder if a specific uncertain future event adversely affects the policyholder. In making this assessment, all material rights and obligations, including those arising from laws or regulations, are considered contract by contract. The Group uses its judgment to assess whether a contract transfers insurance risk (i.e. whether there is a scenario with commercial substance in which the Group has the possibility of a loss on a present value basis) and whether the insurance risk accepted is significant.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Separation of components

​

Contracts that have a legal form of insurance but do not transfer significant insurance risk and expose the Group to financial risks are classified as investment contracts and follow accounting for financial instruments in accordance with IFRS 9. The Group has assessed whether in its contracts accept a significant insurance risk from another party, agreeing to compensate the policyholder if an uncertain future event occurs that adversely affects the policyholder. From this evaluation it has been concluded that all insurance contracts that were under the scope of IFRS 4 meet the definition of an insurance contract and therefore, the introduction of IFRS 17 does not imply any reclassification.

​

Aggregation level

​

The Group aggregates insurance contracts taking into consideration whether they are subject to similar risks and are managed jointly, whether they are onerous or non-onerous contracts, and their year of issue, grouping by this last criteria contracts issued in the natural year, that is, between January 1 and December 31 of each year.

​

Measurement Model

​

IFRS 17 includes three measurement models, which reflect a different degree of participation of policyholders in the investment performance or the overall performance of the insurance entity: the general measurement model (GMM, also known as the block approach construction), the variable rate approach (VFA) and the premium allocation approach (PAA).

​

In measuring insurance contracts, the Group has decided to apply the Simplified Model (Premium Allocation Approach) because for the remaining coverage liability of contracts have a coverage period of one year or less, or in those contracts with a duration greater than year, it is not expected that a material valuation different from that of the General Model will occur.

​

Under the simplified approach, the Group assumes that such contracts are not onerous on initial recognition, unless facts and circumstances indicate otherwise. If the facts and circumstances indicates that some contracts are onerous, an additional evaluation is performed to distinguish onerous from non-onerous contracts. For non-onerous contracts, the Group assesses the likelihood of changes in applicable facts and circumstances in subsequent periods to determine whether the contracts have a significant possibility of becoming onerous.

​

Remaining coverage liability – Simplified model

​

Under the simplified model, the remaining coverage liability is formed by the premiums received (collected), less the insurance acquisition cash flows paid, plus or minus the allocation to results of the expected premiums or acquisition flows, respectively. The profit or loss recognition is made linearly throughout the coverage period of the contract, in the event that the accrual of the income is also linear. By default, the Group has chosen to defer acquisition expenses, although the option of recognizing such expenses when they are incurred is also available.

​

The Group does not adjust the remaining coverage liability for issued insurance contracts for the effect of the time value of money, because the insurance premiums mature within the coverage period of the contracts, which is one year or less.

​

​

Liability for incurred claims – Simplified model

​

The groups of contracts valued under the simplified model have a liability for incurred claims calculated in a similar way to that of the General Model. Under this method, future cash flows are adjusted for the time value of money. Likewise, the risk adjustment for non-financial risk is applied to the present value of the estimated future cash flows and reflects the compensation that the Group requires for

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

enduring uncertainty about the amount and timing of the cash flows for non-financial risk as the Group complies with insurance contracts.

​

Discount rate

​

When determining discount rates for different products, the Group uses the top-down approach. In applying this approach, the Group uses the yield curve created by the market rates of return implied by the fair value of a portfolio of reference assets and adjusts it to exclude the effects of risks present in the assets, but not in insurance cash flows, except for liquidity differences, which do not need to be eliminated.

​

Cash flows were discounted at a target rate of return on local instrument investments of 4% at constant values, with terms and currency that match the expected flows.

​

Risk adjustment for non-financial risk

​

The risk adjustment for non-financial risk represents the compensation required for enduring uncertainty about the amount and timing of associated cash flows. To estimate the adjustment for non-financial risk, the Group has used its own methodologies based on calculations of the Value at Risk (VaR) of the commitments associated with the Life and Non-Life businesses, using a confidence level of 75%.

​

Reinsurance

​

In general, the Group values ​​reinsurance coverage under the Simplified Model, valuing the asset for remaining coverage of contracts with a coverage period equal to or less than one year, or in those contracts with a duration greater than one year, but that a valuation significantly different from that of the General Model is not expected to occur. This method also includes the asset for claims incurred.

​

Income from insurance activities

​

Insurance income reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for the provision of coverage and other insurance contract services. Insurance service expenses include claims incurred and other insurance service expenses incurred, and losses on onerous groups of contracts and reversals of such losses.

​

The Group applies the accounting policy established in IFRS 17.86 and presents the financial performance of groups of reinsurance contracts held on a net basis on net income (expenses) of reinsurance contracts held.

​

In general, for the presentation of financial income or expenses from insurance contracts that arise as a consequence of the effect of the time value of money and the effect of financial risk, the Group does not disaggregate the changes in the risk adjustment for non-financial risk between the result of the insurance service and insurance financial income or expenses.

​

The Group includes all insurance financial income or expenses for the period in results.

​

1.27. Capital Stock and Capital Adjustments

Accounts included in this item are expressed in terms of the measuring unit current as of December 31, 2023 as described in Note 1.1.2, except from the item “Capital Stock”, which has been held at nominal value.

Common shares are recognized in shareholders´ equity and carried at nominal value.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

As indicated in Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company's Board of Directors approved the repurchase of securities issued by the Company and established the terms and conditions for the acquisition of treasury shares issued by the Company. The cost of treasury shares is disclosed as part of the Capital Stock within the Statement of Changes in Shareholders´ Equity, after the Share capital stock, Inflation adjustment of capital stock and Paid in Capital. As of the date of issuance of these Consolidated Financial Statements, the repurchase programme has expired.

1.28. Reserves and Dividend distribution

Pursuant to provisions set by the Argentine Corporations law, Grupo Supervielle and its subsidiaries, other than Banco Supervielle are required to appropriate 5% of the net income for the fiscal year to the legal reserve until such reserve is equal to 20% of Capital stock, plus the balance of the Capital Adjustment account.

As concerns Banco Supervielle, according to the regulations set forth by the Argentine Central Bank, 20% of net income for the fiscal year, net of previous years’ adjustments, if any, is required to be appropriated to the legal reserve. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, in appropriating amounts to other reserves, Financial Institutions are required to comply with the provisions laid down by the Argentine Central Bank in the revised text on distribution of dividends described in Note 24.

Given the repurchase of treasury shares carried out by Grupo Supervielle, described in Note 32, due to local regulations Grupo Supervielle has a restriction on the distribution of results and/or reversal of free reserves of $5,166,412 (figure expressed in thousands of Argentine Pesos) equivalent to the cost of acquisition of own shares.

The distribution of dividends to Grupo Supervielle’s shareholders is recognized as a liability in the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year in which dividends are approved by Grupo Supervielle’s Shareholders.

1.29. Revenue Recognition

Financial income and expense is recognized in respect of all debt instruments in accordance with the effective interest rate method, pursuant to which all gains and losses which are an integral part of the transaction effective interest rate are deferred.

The results that are included within the effective interest rate include expenditures or income related to the creation or acquisition of a financial asset or liability, such as compensation received for the analysis of the client's financial condition, negotiation of the terms of the instrument, the preparation and processing of the documents necessary to conclude the transaction and the compensations received for the granting of credit agreements that are expected to be used by the client. Grupo Supervielle records all its non-derivative financial liabilities at amortized cost, except those included in the caption "Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss", which are measured at fair value.

It should be noted that the commissions that Grupo Supervielle receives for the origination of syndicated loans are not part of the effective interest rate of the product, being these recognized in the Income Statement at the time the service is provided, as long as Grupo Supervielle does not withhold part of it or this is kept in the same conditions as the rest of the participants. The commissions received by Grupo Supervielle for the negotiations in the transactions of a third party are not part of the effective interest rate either, these being recognized at the time the services are provided.

IFRS 15 establishes the principles that an entity must apply to account for income and cash flows from contracts for the sale of goods or services to its customers.

The amount to be recognized will be that which reflects the payment to which it is expected to be entitled for the services rendered.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Grupo Supervielle's income from services is recognized in the income statement as performance obligations are fulfilled, part of the consideration received is allocated to the customer loyalty programs described below. Consideration is allocated based on the relative standalone selling prices for services rendered and points granted.

Below is a summary of the main commissions earned by the Group:

Commission | Frecuency of revenue recognition
Account maintenance | Monthly
Safe deposit boxes | Semi-annual
Issuing Bank | Event driven
Credit Card renewal | Annual
Check management | Event driven

​

Income from investment property rentals is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income based on the straight-line method over the term of the lease, in accordance with the provisions of Note 1.14.

1.30. Income tax

Income tax expense for the year includes current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognized in the consolidated income statement, except for items required to be recognized directly in other comprehensive income. In this case, the income tax liability related to such items is also recognized in such statement.

Current income tax expense is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantially enacted as of the date of the Statement of Financial Position in the countries where the Company and its subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income. Grupo Supervielle periodically assesses the position assumed in tax returns in connection with circumstances in which the tax regulation is subject to interpretation. Grupo Supervielle sets up provisions in respect of the amounts expected to be required to pay to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is recognized, using the deferred tax liability method, on temporary differences arising from the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their tax base. However, the deferred tax arising from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination which, at the time of the transaction does not affect income or loss for accounting or tax purposes, is not recorded. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) enacted as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and that are expected to be applicable when the deferred tax assets are realized or the deferred tax liabilities are settled.

Deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the extent future tax benefits are likely to arise against which the temporary differences can be offset.

Grupo Supervielle recognizes a deferred tax liability for taxable temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries and affiliates, except that the following two conditions are met:

| ● | Grupo Supervielle controls the timing on which temporary differences will be reversed; and

| ● | Such temporary differences are not likely to be reversed in the foreseeable future.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when a legal right exists to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and to the extent such balances are related to the same tax authority of Grupo Supervielle or its subsidiaries, where tax balances are intended to be, and may be, settled on a net basis.

1.31. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing net income attributable to Grupo Supervielle’s shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net income for the year by the weighted average number of common shares issued and dilutive potential common shares at year end. Since the Company has no dilutive potential common shares outstanding, there are no dilutive earnings per share amounts.

​

2. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires Senior Management to make judgements in applying the accounting standards to define Grupo Supervielle’s accounting policies.

Grupo Supervielle has identified the following areas which involve a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are material for these Consolidated Financial Statements which are essential to understand the underlying accounting/financial reporting risks:

a- Fair value of financial instruments that do not have an active market

The fair value of financial instruments not listed in active markets is determined by using valuation techniques. Such techniques are regulary validated and reviewed by qualified personnel independent from the area which developed them. All models are assessed and adjusted before being used in order to ensure that results reflect current information and comparable market prices. As long as possible, models rely on observable inputs only; which include significant assumptions related to implicit rates in the last available tender for similar securities and spot rate curves, require the use of estimates. Changes in the assumptions of these factors may affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

b- Allowances for loan losses

The Group recognizes the allowance for loan losses under the expected credit loss method included in IFRS 9. The most significant judgements of the model relate to defining what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk and in making assumptions and estimates to incorporate relevant information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of economic conditions. The impact of the forecasts of economic conditions are determined based on the weighted average of three internally developed macroeconomic scenarios that take into consideration Grupo Supervielle’s economic outlook as derived through forecast macroeconomic variables, which include inflation rate, monthly economic activity estimator, exchange rate, monetary policy rate, private sector real loans and private sector real wage. A high degree of uncertainty is involved in making estimations using assumptions that are highly subjective.

Note 1.11 provides more detail of how the expected credit loss allowance is calculated.

c- Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

Intangible assets with definite useful life and property, plant and equipment are amortized or depreciated on a straight-line basis during their estimated useful life. Grupo Supervielle monitors the conditions associated with these assets to determine whether the events and circumstances require a review of the remaining amortization or depreciation term and whether there are impairment indicators.

Grupo Supervielle has applied judgment in identifying indicators of impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets that are amortized. Grupo Supervielle has requested valuations by external independent valuers for its land and buildings category as of December 31, 2023, recording and impairment on some of them (see Note 12.1). For the rest of the categories of property, plant and equipment as well as for intangibles other than goodwill, no indicators have been identified and no impairment has been recognised for any of the periods presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements. During the year, the Group has recorded an impairment on the goodwill of Micro Lending as explained in Note 14.1.

d- Income tax and deferred tax

A significant judgment is required to determine liabilities and assets from current and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation authority using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax is measured over temporary differences between tax basis of assets and liabilities and book values at the tax rates that are impairment indicators.

Assets from deferred tax are recognized upon the possibility of relying on future taxable earnings against which temporary differences can be used, based on the Senior Management´s assumptions regarding amounts and opportunities of future taxable earnings. Real results may differ from estimates, such as changes in tax legislation or the result of the final review of affidavits issued by tax authorities and tax courts.

Likely future tax earnings and the number of tax benefits are based on a medium term business plan prepared by the administration. Such plan is based on reasonable expectations.

3. SEGMENT REPORTING

Grupo Supervielle determines operating segments based on performance reports which are updated upon changes and reviewed by the Board and key personnel of Senior Management.

Grupo Supervielle´s clients receive the following services:

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

| ● | Personal and Business Banking Segment:

| - | Small companies, individuals and companies that record annual sales of up to 500,000

| - | "Small and medium size companies", companies that record annual sales of over 500,000 up to 5,000,000

| ● | Corporate Baking Segment:

| - | Megras that record annual sales over 5,000,000 up to 7,000,000

| - | Big companies. Big companies that record annual sales of over 7,000,000

Grupo Supervielle analyses the bussiness taking into account the different type of services and products offered:

a- Personal and Business Banking – Through this segment, Supervielle offers a wide range of financial products and services designed to meet the needs of individuals, entrepreneurs and small businesses and SMEs.

b- Corporate Banking – Includes advisory services at a corporate and financial level, as well as the administration of assets and loans targeted to corporate clients.

c- Bank Treasury – This segment is in charge of the assignment of liquidity of the Entity in accordance with the different commercial areas´ needs and its own needs, Treasury implements financial risk administration policies of the Bank, manages trading desk operations, distributes financial products, such as negotiable securities and develops business with the financial sector clients and whole sale non-financial sector clients.

d- Consumer Finance – As of December 31, 2022, the residual operations of IUDÚ and Tarjeta Automática are included in this segment. As of December 31, 2023 these operations were part of a merger process with Banco Supervielle as described in Note 33 to these Consolidated Financial Statements.

​

e- Insurance – Includes insurance products, with a focus on life insurance, to targeted customers segments.

f- Asset Management and Other Services – Grupo Supervielle offers a variety of other services to its clients, including mutual fund products through Supervielle Asset Management S.A., retail brokerage services through InvertirOnline S.A.U., non-financial products through Espacio Cordial Servicios S.A. and until February 2023 it offered payment solutions to retailers through Bolsillo Digital S.A.U.

Operating results of the different operating segments of Grupo Supervielle are reviewed individually with the purpose of taking decisions over the allocation of resources and the performance analysis of each segment. The performance of such segments will be evaluated based on operating income and is measured consistently with operating income/(expenses) of the Consolidated Income Statement.

When a transaction is carried out between operating segments, they are made as an arm´s length transaction. Later, income, expenses and results from transfers between operating segments are for consolidation purposes.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Grupo Supervielle does not present information by geographical segments because there are no operating segments in economic environments with risks and rewards that are significantly different.

The following chart includes information by segment measured in accordance with IAS 29, as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Personal and | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Asset | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Business |  | Corporate |  | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management and | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total as of
Asset by segments | ​ | Banking | ​ | Banking | ​ | Treasury |  | Finance |  | Insurance |  | Other Services |  | Adjustments |  | 12.31.2023
Cash and due from banks |  | 110,764,865 |  | 3,027,754 |  | 110,072,448 |  | — |  | 4,253 |  | 3,774,939 |  | 1,454,013 |  | 229,098,272
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 468,851 |  | 844,260 |  | 29,465,234 |  | — |  | 5,333,658 |  | 6,137,589 |  | 4,166,230 |  | 46,415,822
Loans and other financing |  | 259,366,382 |  | 196,646,291 |  | 25,996,149 |  | — |  | 16,219 |  | 609,543 |  | (179,500) |  | 482,455,084
Other debt securities | ​ | 795,893 |  | — |  | 242,620,591 |  | — |  | 755,780 |  | 16 |  | 7,008,261 |  | 251,180,541
Other Assets |  | 67,222,373 |  | 24,588,393 |  | 917,851,229 |  | — |  | 8,213,004 |  | 34,590,087 |  | (3,606,804) |  | 1,048,858,282
Total Assets |  | 438,618,364 |  | 225,106,698 |  | 1,326,005,651 |  | — |  | 14,322,914 |  | 45,112,174 |  | 8,842,200 |  | 2,058,008,001

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Personal and |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | Asset |  | ​ |  | ​
​ |  | Businesses | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management and | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total as of
Liabilities by segments | ​ | Banking | ​ | Banking | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Finance | ​ | Insurance | ​ | Other Services | ​ | Adjustments | ​ | 12.31.2023
Deposits |  | 580,111,750 |  | 215,174,968 |  | 753,861,511 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (220,173) |  | 1,548,928,056
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and others |  | 46,543 |  | — |  | 2,645,426 |  | — |  | — |  | 152,309 |  | (152,309) |  | 2,691,969
Other liabilities |  | 59,517,338 |  | 17,715,652 |  | 28,866,321 |  | — |  | 3,943,266 |  | 8,046,942 |  | 46,647,696 |  | 164,737,215
Total Liabilities |  | 639,675,631 |  | 232,890,620 |  | 785,373,258 |  | — |  | 3,943,266 |  | 8,199,251 |  | 46,275,214 |  | 1,716,357,240

​

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Personal and |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | Asset |  | ​ |  | For the year
​ | ​ | Business | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management and | ​ | ​ | ​ | ended
Result by segments | ​ | Banking | ​ | Banking | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Finance | ​ | Insurance | ​ | Other Services | ​ | Adjustments | ​ | 12.31.2023
Interests income |  | 254,580,954 |  | 161,646,276 |  | 731,623,996 |  | — |  | 185,695 |  | 3,464,527 |  | 6,195,807 |  | 1,157,697,255
Interest Expense |  | (292,693,459) |  | (99,562,805) |  | (432,510,602) |  | — |  | — |  | (481,169) |  | (246,052) |  | (825,494,087)
Distribution of results by the Treasury |  | 203,751,598 |  | 9,161,791 |  | (212,913,389) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Net interest income |  | 165,639,093 |  | 71,245,262 |  | 86,200,005 |  | — |  | 185,695 |  | 2,983,358 |  | 5,949,755 |  | 332,203,168
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss |  | 1,352,209 |  | (13,487) |  | 116,387,674 |  | — |  | 11,047,489 |  | 5,800,702 |  | 3,506,459 |  | 138,081,046
Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost | ​ | 145,846 |  | — |  | 15,702,513 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,008,741 | ​ | 16,857,100
Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency |  | (5,818,881) |  | (7,469,756) |  | 12,474,869 |  | — |  | 1,050 |  | 3,618,385 |  | 2,995,241 |  | 5,800,908
NIFFI And Exchange Rate Differences |  | (4,320,826) |  | (7,483,243) |  | 144,565,056 |  | — |  | 11,048,539 |  | 9,419,087 |  | 7,510,441 |  | 160,739,054
Net Financial Income |  | 161,318,267 |  | 63,762,019 |  | 230,765,061 |  | — |  | 11,234,234 |  | 12,402,445 |  | 13,460,196 |  | 492,942,222
Services Fee Income |  | 60,345,902 |  | 7,459,745 |  | 570,174 |  | — |  | — |  | 26,447,148 |  | (1,697,717) |  | 93,125,252
Services Fee Expenses |  | (21,318,192) |  | (1,343,255) |  | (569,742) |  | — |  | — |  | (944,888) |  | — |  | (24,176,077)
Income from insurance activities |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 13,144,841 |  | — |  | 1,286,472 |  | 14,431,313
Net Service Fee Income |  | 39,027,710 |  | 6,116,490 |  | 432 |  | — |  | 13,144,841 |  | 25,502,260 |  | (411,245) |  | 83,380,488
Subtotal |  | 200,345,977 |  | 69,878,509 |  | 230,765,493 |  | — |  | 24,379,075 |  | 37,904,705 |  | 13,048,951 |  | 576,322,710
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money |  | 26,191,260 |  | (6,733,931) |  | (95,667,720) |  | — |  | (11,650,236) |  | (8,041,524) |  | (13,021,360) |  | (108,923,511)
Other operating income |  | 11,608,309 |  | 5,803,159 |  | 4,374,320 |  | — |  | 44,079 |  | 3,077,190 |  | (1,218,310) |  | 23,688,747
Loan loss provisions |  | (26,289,775) |  | (5,176,215) |  | (2,087,803) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (86,278) |  | (33,640,071)
Net operating income |  | 211,855,771 |  | 63,771,522 |  | 137,384,290 |  | — |  | 12,772,918 |  | 32,940,371 |  | (1,276,997) |  | 457,447,875
Personnel expenses |  | (117,449,867) |  | (20,814,845) |  | (10,139,447) |  | — |  | (3,751,633) |  | (8,080,361) |  | (159,299) |  | (160,395,452)
Administrative expenses |  | (69,151,750) |  | (4,772,122) |  | (3,847,512) |  | — |  | (3,141,695) |  | (5,203,857) |  | 1,678,242 |  | (84,438,694)
Depreciations and impairment of non-financial assets |  | (26,154,603) |  | (3,532,728) |  | (1,277,255) |  | — |  | (273,688) |  | (290,446) |  | (402,553) |  | (31,931,273)
Other operating expenses |  | (43,762,028) |  | (18,470,438) |  | (28,433,229) |  | — |  | (2,842) |  | (2,319,459) |  | (1,301,716) |  | (94,289,712)
Operating income |  | (44,662,477) |  | 16,181,389 |  | 93,686,847 |  | — |  | 5,603,060 |  | 17,046,248 |  | (1,462,323) |  | 86,392,744
Income from associates and joint ventures |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 48,675 |  | (48,675) |  | —
Result before taxes |  | (44,662,477) |  | 16,181,389 |  | 93,686,847 |  | — |  | 5,603,060 |  | 17,094,923 |  | (1,510,998) |  | 86,392,744
Income tax |  | 13,997,503 |  | (5,877,263) |  | (33,443,115) |  | — |  | (2,001,090) |  | (6,519,364) |  | (891,606) |  | (34,734,935)
Net income / (loss) |  | (30,664,974) |  | 10,304,126 |  | 60,243,732 |  | — |  | 3,601,970 |  | 10,575,559 |  | (2,402,604) |  | 51,657,809
Net income / (loss) for the year attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (30,664,974) |  | 10,304,126 |  | 60,243,732 |  | — |  | 3,601,970 |  | 10,575,559 |  | (2,444,576) |  | 51,615,837
Net income / (loss) for the year attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 41,972 |  | 41,972
Other comprehensive income/(loss) |  | (180,325) |  | (90,134) |  | 3,991,429 |  | — |  | (650,143) |  | 442,857 |  | (205,586) |  | 3,308,098
Other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (180,325) |  | (90,134) |  | 3,991,429 |  | — |  | (650,143) |  | 442,857 |  | (209,367) |  | 3,304,317
Other comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,781 |  | 3,781
Comprehensive income/(loss) for the year |  | (30,845,299) |  | 10,213,992 |  | 64,235,161 |  | — |  | 2,951,827 |  | 11,018,416 |  | (2,608,190) |  | 54,965,907
Comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (30,845,299) |  | 10,213,992 |  | 64,235,161 |  | — |  | 2,951,827 |  | 11,018,416 |  | (2,653,943) |  | 54,920,154
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 45,753 |  | 45,753

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Personal and |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | Asset |  | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | Business | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management and | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total as of
Asset by segments | ​ | Banking | ​ | Banking | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Finance | ​ | Insurance | ​ | Other Services | ​ | Adjustments | ​ | 12.31.2022
Cash and due from banks |  | 58,275,322 |  | 2,380,207 |  | 88,588,717 |  | 684,493 |  | 6,309 |  | 1,176,795 |  | (392,200) |  | 150,719,643
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 227,144 |  | 5,038,501 |  | 47,241,094 |  | 2,455,216 |  | — |  | 88,613 |  | 14,657,027 |  | 69,707,595
Loans and other financing |  | 449,229,800 |  | 256,549,503 |  | 20,453,668 |  | 182,211 |  | 13,431 |  | 570,783 |  | 1,475,353 |  | 728,474,749
Other debt securities | ​ | — |  | — |  | 850,392,965 |  | — |  | 3,590,633 |  | 608,833 |  | (14,616,864) |  | 839,975,567
Other Assets |  | 63,254,083 |  | 16,103,120 |  | 201,370,177 |  | 40,552,902 |  | 7,944,996 |  | 33,052,200 |  | 14,834,158 |  | 377,111,636
Total Assets |  | 570,986,349 |  | 280,071,331 |  | 1,208,046,621 |  | 43,874,822 |  | 11,555,369 |  | 35,497,224 |  | 15,957,474 |  | 2,165,989,190

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Personal and |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | Asset |  | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | Businesses | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management and | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total as of
Liabilities by segments | ​ | Banking | ​ | Banking | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Finance | ​ | Insurance | ​ | Other Services | ​ | Adjustments | ​ | 12.31.2022
Deposits |  | 763,209,849 |  | 198,010,241 |  | 732,444,284 |  | 12,681,248 |  | — |  | 217,493 |  | (1,553,532) |  | 1,705,009,583
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and others |  | 110,257 |  | 274 |  | 17,109,321 |  | 923,168 |  | — |  | 1,515,363 |  | (2,438,549) |  | 17,219,834
Unsubordinated Debt Securities |  | 40,091 |  | 13,615 |  | 1,694,565 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,748,271
Other liabilities |  | 59,032,522 |  | 12,079,574 |  | 16,735,601 |  | 4,031,144 |  | 2,296,080 |  | 4,038,742 |  | 56,254,181 |  | 154,467,844
Total Liabilities |  | 822,392,719 |  | 210,103,704 |  | 767,983,771 |  | 17,635,560 |  | 2,296,080 |  | 5,771,598 |  | 52,262,100 |  | 1,878,445,532

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Personal and |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Asset | ​ | ​ |  | For the year
​ | ​ | Business | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management and | ​ | ​ | ​ | ended
Result by segments |  | Banking | ​ | Banking |  | Treasury |  | Finance |  | Insurance | ​ | Other Services |  | Adjustments | ​ | 12.31.2022
Interests income |  | 214,375,398 | ​ | 111,858,986 | ​ | 436,230,689 | ​ | 35,329,337 | ​ | 14,508 | ​ | 145,471 | ​ | (13,600,042) |  | 784,354,347
Interest Expense |  | (157,864,290) | ​ | (33,085,907) | ​ | (313,718,114) | ​ | (25,112,121) | ​ | — | ​ | (71,138) | ​ | 14,452,176 |  | (515,399,394)
Distribution of results by the Treasury |  | 51,369,892 | ​ | (34,182,339) | ​ | (17,187,553) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — |  | —
Net interest income |  | 107,881,000 |  | 44,590,740 |  | 105,325,022 |  | 10,217,216 |  | 14,508 |  | 74,333 |  | 852,134 |  | 268,954,953
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss |  | 1,336 | ​ | — | ​ | 45,944,093 | ​ | 3,303,521 | ​ | 4,455,319 | ​ | 4,022,452 | ​ | (905,043) |  | 56,821,678
Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,550,449 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (18,831) | ​ | 1,531,618
Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency |  | 1,968,725 | ​ | 457,234 | ​ | 4,613,361 | ​ | (103,615) | ​ | 62 | ​ | 282,166 | ​ | 1,323,851 |  | 8,541,784
NIFFI And Exchange Rate Differences |  | 1,970,061 |  | 457,234 |  | 52,107,903 |  | 3,199,906 |  | 4,455,381 |  | 4,304,618 |  | 399,977 |  | 66,895,080
Net Financial Income |  | 109,851,061 |  | 45,047,974 |  | 157,432,925 |  | 13,417,122 |  | 4,469,889 |  | 4,378,951 |  | 1,252,111 |  | 335,850,033
Services Fee Income |  | 62,377,536 | ​ | 6,893,759 | ​ | 543,986 | ​ | 9,186,376 | ​ | — | ​ | 17,677,488 | ​ | (2,200,968) |  | 94,478,177
Services Fee Expenses |  | (21,475,356) | ​ | (1,868,630) | ​ | (1,076,739) | ​ | (7,559,987) | ​ | — | ​ | (1,993,473) | ​ | 581,461 |  | (33,392,724)
Income from insurance activities |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 12,564,841 | ​ | — | ​ | 1,539,313 |  | 14,104,154
Net Service Fee Income |  | 40,902,180 |  | 5,025,129 |  | (532,753) |  | 1,626,389 |  | 12,564,841 |  | 15,684,015 |  | (80,194) |  | 75,189,607
Subtotal |  | 150,753,241 |  | 50,073,103 |  | 156,900,172 |  | 15,043,511 |  | 17,034,730 |  | 20,062,966 |  | 1,171,917 |  | 411,039,640
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money |  | 37,872,214 | ​ | (18,647,878) | ​ | (60,474,004) | ​ | 3,871,837 | ​ | (6,015,994) | ​ | (3,860,140) | ​ | (8,017,974) |  | (55,271,939)
Other operating income |  | 12,487,079 | ​ | 10,998,295 | ​ | 841,224 | ​ | 5,356,171 | ​ | 74,999 | ​ | 1,055,432 | ​ | 1,857,874 |  | 32,671,074
Loan loss provisions |  | (30,523,909) | ​ | (1,542,944) | ​ | (1,300,479) | ​ | (10,690,115) | ​ | (37,332) | ​ | (4,403) | ​ | (30,445) |  | (44,129,627)
Net operating income |  | 170,588,625 |  | 40,880,576 |  | 95,966,913 |  | 13,581,404 |  | 11,056,403 |  | 17,253,855 |  | (5,018,628) |  | 344,309,148
Personnel expenses |  | (115,308,075) | ​ | (17,071,099) | ​ | (8,864,191) | ​ | (11,966,054) | ​ | (3,600,181) | ​ | (10,867,202) | ​ | (148,706) |  | (167,825,508)
Administrative expenses |  | (64,711,586) | ​ | (5,507,484) | ​ | (4,258,356) | ​ | (9,642,784) | ​ | (2,527,135) | ​ | (3,867,141) | ​ | 1,567,678 |  | (88,946,808)
Depreciations and impairment of non-financial assets |  | (21,254,848) | ​ | (3,205,132) | ​ | (1,407,886) | ​ | (6,094,229) | ​ | (337,874) | ​ | (307,892) | ​ | 1,160,058 |  | (31,447,803)
Other operating expenses |  | (34,757,496) | ​ | (10,403,323) | ​ | (26,369,000) | ​ | (9,905,152) | ​ | (1,445) | ​ | (1,517,247) | ​ | 28,642 |  | (82,925,021)
Operating income |  | (65,443,380) |  | 4,693,538 |  | 55,067,480 |  | (24,026,815) |  | 4,589,768 |  | 694,373 |  | (2,410,956) |  | (26,835,992)
Income from associates and joint ventures |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (159,659) | ​ | — | ​ | 126,419 | ​ | 33,240 |  | —
Result before taxes |  | (65,443,380) |  | 4,693,538 |  | 55,067,480 |  | (24,186,474) |  | 4,589,768 |  | 820,792 |  | (2,377,716) |  | (26,835,992)
Income tax |  | 23,211,328 | ​ | (307,512) | ​ | (19,563,369) | ​ | 10,220,414 | ​ | (1,912,267) | ​ | (980,509) | ​ | 495,993 |  | 11,164,078
Net (loss) / income |  | (42,232,052) |  | 4,386,026 |  | 35,504,111 |  | (13,966,060) |  | 2,677,501 |  | (159,717) |  | (1,881,723) |  | (15,671,914)
Net (loss) / income for the year attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (42,232,052) | ​ | 4,386,026 | ​ | 35,504,111 | ​ | (13,966,060) | ​ | 2,677,501 | ​ | (159,717) | ​ | (1,864,720) |  | (15,654,911)
Net (loss) / income for the year attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (17,003) |  | (17,003)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income |  | (426,940) |  | (150,528) |  | (3,157,614) |  | — |  | 50,398 |  | 190,121 |  | (121,436) |  | (3,615,999)
Other comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (426,940) | ​ | (150,528) | ​ | (3,157,614) | ​ | — | ​ | 50,398 | ​ | 190,121 | ​ | (117,610) |  | (3,612,173)
Other comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (3,826) |  | (3,826)
Comprehensive (loss)/income for the year |  | (42,658,992) |  | 4,235,498 |  | 32,346,497 |  | (13,966,060) |  | 2,727,899 |  | 30,404 |  | (2,003,159) |  | (19,287,913)
Comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (42,658,992) | ​ | 4,235,498 | ​ | 32,346,497 | ​ | (13,966,060) | ​ | 2,727,899 | ​ | 30,404 | ​ | (1,982,330) |  | (19,267,084)
Comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (20,829) |  | (20,829)

​

​

​

​

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​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Personal and |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Asset | ​ | ​ |  | For the year
​ | ​ | Business | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management and | ​ | ​ | ​ | ended
Result by segments |  | Banking | ​ | Banking |  | Treasury |  | Finance |  | Insurance | ​ | Other Services |  | Adjustments | ​ | 12.31.2021
Interests income |  | 186,358,164 | ​ | 117,994,415 | ​ | 284,642,353 | ​ | 48,093,046 | ​ | 8,626 | ​ | 46,664 | ​ | (9,724,588) |  | 627,418,680
Interest Expense |  | (98,489,444) | ​ | (18,436,833) | ​ | (236,628,292) | ​ | (23,257,841) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 9,821,874 |  | (366,990,536)
Distribution of results by the Treasury |  | 31,144,193 | ​ | (55,658,692) | ​ | 24,514,499 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — |  | —
Net interest income |  | 119,012,913 | ​ | 43,898,890 | ​ | 72,528,560 | ​ | 24,835,205 | ​ | 8,626 | ​ | 46,664 | ​ | 97,286 |  | 260,428,144
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | 44,748,073 | ​ | 2,222,392 | ​ | 3,485,461 | ​ | 2,590,765 | ​ | 876,912 |  | 53,923,603
Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,685,257 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (143,356) | ​ | 1,541,901
Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency |  | 1,920,588 | ​ | 525,145 | ​ | 2,436,715 | ​ | 87,060 | ​ | 3,955 | ​ | 493,961 | ​ | 552,378 |  | 6,019,802
NIFFI And Exchange Rate Differences |  | 1,920,588 | ​ | 525,145 | ​ | 48,870,045 | ​ | 2,309,452 | ​ | 3,489,416 | ​ | 3,084,726 | ​ | 1,285,934 |  | 61,485,306
Net Financial Income |  | 120,933,501 | ​ | 44,424,035 | ​ | 121,398,605 | ​ | 27,144,657 | ​ | 3,498,042 | ​ | 3,131,390 | ​ | 1,383,220 |  | 321,913,450
Services Fee Income |  | 63,869,023 | ​ | 6,299,126 | ​ | 374,013 | ​ | 16,364,490 | ​ | — | ​ | 16,272,949 | ​ | (2,087,967) |  | 101,091,634
Services Fee Expenses |  | (20,897,502) | ​ | (2,064,100) | ​ | (1,032,045) | ​ | (6,956,535) | ​ | — | ​ | (840,396) | ​ | 972,335 |  | (30,818,243)
Income from insurance activities |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 11,985,937 | ​ | — | ​ | 1,791,460 |  | 13,777,397
Net Service Fee Income |  | 42,971,521 | ​ | 4,235,026 | ​ | (658,032) | ​ | 9,407,955 | ​ | 11,985,937 | ​ | 15,432,553 | ​ | 675,828 |  | 84,050,788
Subtotal |  | 163,905,022 | ​ | 48,659,061 | ​ | 120,740,573 | ​ | 36,552,612 | ​ | 15,483,979 | ​ | 18,563,943 | ​ | 2,059,048 |  | 405,964,238
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money |  | 18,058,162 | ​ | (11,257,365) | ​ | (39,021,857) | ​ | (4,242,403) | ​ | (4,341,278) | ​ | (2,744,682) | ​ | (3,812,478) |  | (47,361,901)
Other operating income |  | 7,919,897 | ​ | 8,249,419 | ​ | 12,567,064 | ​ | 4,704,706 | ​ | 91,093 | ​ | 492,298 | ​ | (1,408,313) |  | 32,616,164
Loan loss provisions |  | (25,163,793) | ​ | (5,009,029) | ​ | (191,824) | ​ | (23,804,331) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — |  | (54,168,977)
Net operating income |  | 164,719,288 | ​ | 40,642,086 | ​ | 94,093,956 | ​ | 13,210,584 | ​ | 11,233,794 | ​ | 16,311,559 | ​ | (3,161,743) |  | 337,049,524
Personnel expenses |  | (110,560,426) | ​ | (11,636,310) | ​ | (6,686,701) | ​ | (15,896,158) | ​ | (3,434,253) | ​ | (6,802,463) | ​ | (220,870) |  | (155,237,181)
Administrative expenses |  | (67,180,251) | ​ | (4,863,041) | ​ | (4,737,588) | ​ | (10,671,255) | ​ | (2,984,659) | ​ | (3,892,527) | ​ | 1,182,247 |  | (93,147,074)
Depreciations and impairment of non-financial assets |  | (20,074,545) | ​ | (1,906,341) | ​ | (1,278,848) | ​ | (1,240,791) | ​ | (289,204) | ​ | (271,326) | ​ | (568,694) |  | (25,629,749)
Other operating expenses |  | (31,693,687) | ​ | (13,057,587) | ​ | (19,018,428) | ​ | (6,507,517) | ​ | (99,015) | ​ | (1,251,049) | ​ | (243,063) |  | (71,870,346)
Operating income |  | (64,789,621) | ​ | 9,178,807 | ​ | 62,372,391 | ​ | (21,105,137) | ​ | 4,426,663 | ​ | 4,094,194 | ​ | (3,012,123) |  | (8,834,826)
Income from associates and joint ventures |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 32,835 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (32,835) |  | —
Result before taxes |  | (64,789,621) | ​ | 9,178,807 | ​ | 62,372,391 | ​ | (21,072,302) | ​ | 4,426,663 | ​ | 4,094,194 | ​ | (3,044,958) |  | (8,834,826)
Income tax |  | 22,571,803 | ​ | (3,080,448) | ​ | (20,205,511) | ​ | 2,046,011 | ​ | (1,151,570) | ​ | (1,495,719) | ​ | (382,488) |  | (1,697,922)
Net (loss) / income |  | (42,217,818) | ​ | 6,098,359 | ​ | 42,166,880 | ​ | (19,026,291) | ​ | 3,275,093 | ​ | 2,598,475 | ​ | (3,427,446) |  | (10,532,748)
Net (loss) / income for the year attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (42,217,818) | ​ | 6,098,359 | ​ | 42,166,880 | ​ | (19,026,291) | ​ | 3,275,093 | ​ | 2,598,475 | ​ | (3,416,424) |  | (10,521,726)
Net (loss) / income for the year attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (11,022) |  | (11,022)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income |  | (140,896) | ​ | (87,291) | ​ | (175,737) | ​ | — | ​ | (7,097) | ​ | 2,457 | ​ | 82,649 |  | (325,915)
Other comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (140,896) | ​ | (87,291) | ​ | (175,737) | ​ | — | ​ | (7,097) | ​ | 2,457 | ​ | 83,065 |  | (325,499)
Other comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (416) |  | (416)
Comprehensive (loss)/income for the year |  | (42,358,714) | ​ | 6,011,068 | ​ | 41,991,143 | ​ | (19,026,291) | ​ | 3,267,996 | ​ | 2,600,932 | ​ | (3,344,797) |  | (10,858,663)
Comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (42,358,714) | ​ | 6,011,068 | ​ | 41,991,143 | ​ | (19,026,291) | ​ | 3,267,996 | ​ | 2,600,932 | ​ | (3,333,359) |  | (10,847,225)
Comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (11,438) |  | (11,438)

​

​

​

4. INCOME TAX

Tax inflation adjustment

Law 27,430 introduced a modification in which it established that the subjects referred to in subparagraphs a) to e) of article 53 of the current Income Tax Law, for the purpose of determining the net taxable income, should deduct or incorporate to the tax result of the year the adjustment for tax inflation. Said adjustment would be applicable in the fiscal year in which the accumulated 3 year inflation rate determined using the consumer price index is greater than 100%.

The positive or negative inflation adjustment, as the case may be, that must be calculated, would be allocated as follows: the first and second fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2019, a sixth (1/6) should be allocated in that fiscal period and the remaining five sixths (5/6), in equal parts, in the five (5) immediately following fiscal periods. For the years beginning on or after January 1, 2021, the

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​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

allocation of the inflation adjustment will be made in its entirety (100%), without any deferral. In this sense, in the current fiscal period the Group has computed the entire inflation adjustment calculated for this year.

Grupo Supervielle, considering the jurisprudence on this matter evaluated by the legal and tax advisors, submitted to the Federal Administration of Public Revenues (AFIP) its annual income tax return for the fiscal period 2020 considering the total effect of the inflation adjustment.

Tax rate

On June 16, 2021, Law 27,630 was enacted, which establishes a new structure of staggered rates for income tax with three segments in relation to the level of accumulated net taxable profit, applicable to fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2021, inclusive.

The new Tax rates are:

• Up to $5,000,000 of the accumulated taxable net profit: they will pay a tax of 25%;

• More than $5,000,000 and up to $50,000,000 of accumulated taxable net profit: they will pay a fixed amount of $1,250,000 plus a tax at a 30% rate on the excess of $5,000,000.

• More than $50,000,000 of accumulated taxable net profit: they will pay a fixed amount of $14,750,000 plus a tax at a 35% rate on the excess of $50,000,000.

The amounts provided above will be adjusted annually, since January 1, 2022, based on the annual variation of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) provided by the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INDEC), corresponding to the month of October of the year prior to the adjustment, with respect to the same month of the previous year.

Dividend tax: it is established that dividends or profits distributed to individuals, undivided estates or foreign beneficiaries will be taxed at the rate of 7%.

​

The following is a reconciliation between the income tax charged to income as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and that which would result from applying the current tax rate on the accounting profit

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021 |
Income before taxes |  | 86,392,744 | ​ | (26,835,992) |  | (8,834,826) |
Tax rate |  | 35 | % | 34 | % | 28 | %
Income for the year at tax rate |  | 30,121,478 | ​ | (9,238,345) | ​ | (2,429,768) | ​
Permanent differences at tax rate: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |
Contribution SGR (Mutual Guarantee Societies) |  | (42,000) | ​ | (585,418) |  | (1,751,560) |
Tax inflation adjustment |  | 2,918,227 | ​ | (6,811,432) | ​ | 679,484 | ​
Income tax return |  | (463,742) | ​ | 108,563 | ​ | 160,725 | ​
Effect of tax rate change on deferred tax | ​ | 579,705 | ​ | 5,332,012 | ​ | 4,620,424 | ​
Non-deductible results |  | 1,621,267 | ​ | 30,542 | ​ | 418,617 | ​
Income tax |  | 34,734,935 | ​ | (11,164,078) |  | 1,697,922 |

​

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​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

4.1Deferred tax

The net position of the deferred tax is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Deferred tax assets |  | 12,960,099 |  | 37,997,568
Deferred tax liability |  | (1,614,907) |  | (565,339)
Net assets by deferred tax |  | 11,345,192 |  | 37,432,229
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deferred taxes to be recovered in more than 12 months |  | 10,756,236 |  | 31,134,571
Deferred taxes to be recovered in 12 months |  | 2,203,863 |  | 6,862,997
Subtotal – Deferred tax assets |  | 12,960,099 |  | 37,997,568
Deferred taxes to be paid in more than 12 months |  | (2,243,528) |  | (2,522,912)
Deferred taxes to be paid in 12 months |  | 628,621 |  | 1,957,573
Subtotal – Deferred tax liabilities |  | (1,614,907) |  | (565,339)
Total Net Assets by deferred Tax |  | 11,345,192 |  | 37,432,229

​

According to the analysis carried out by Grupo Supervielle, it is considered that the assets detailed above meet the requirements to consider them recoverable.

​

Deferred tax assets / (liabilities) are summarized as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | Balance at | ​ | (Charge)/Credit | ​ | Balance at
​ | ​ | 12/31/2022 | ​ | to Income/OCI | ​ | 12/31/2023
Intangible assets |  | (8,636,673) |  | (2,980) |  | (8,639,653)
Loan Loss Reserves |  | 6,075,520 |  | (601,285) |  | 5,474,235
Property, plant and equipment |  | (8,082,143) |  | 3,838,308 |  | (4,243,835)
Foreign Currency |  | (316,325) |  | — |  | (316,325)
Tax Loss Carry Forward |  | 37,682,645 |  | (35,452,634) |  | 2,230,011
Inflation adjustment credit | ​ | 8,778,249 | ​ | (3,598,498) | ​ | 5,179,751
Provisions | ​ | 1,666,178 | ​ | 3,035,018 | ​ | 4,701,196
Others |  | 264,778 |  | 6,695,034 |  | 6,959,812
Total |  | 37,432,229 |  | (26,087,037) |  | 11,345,192

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | Balance at | ​ | (Charge)/Credit | ​ | Balance at
​ | ​ | 12/31/2021 | ​ | to Income | ​ | 12/31/2022
Intangible assets |  | (8,835,482) | ​ | 198,809 |  | (8,636,673)
Loan Loss Reserves |  | 9,171,961 | ​ | (3,096,441) |  | 6,075,520
Property, plant and equipment |  | (24,196,860) | ​ | 16,114,717 |  | (8,082,143)
Foreign Currency |  | (316,325) | ​ | — |  | (316,325)
Tax Loss Carry Forward |  | 23,909,997 | ​ | 13,772,648 |  | 37,682,645
Inflation adjustment credit | ​ | 11,955,927 | ​ | (3,177,678) | ​ | 8,778,249
Provisions | ​ | 1,844,910 | ​ | (178,732) | ​ | 1,666,178
Others |  | 5,714,651 | ​ | (5,449,873) |  | 264,778
Total |  | 19,248,779 |  | 18,183,450 |  | 37,432,229

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

The breakdown of the Tax Loss Carry Forward by expiration date is as follows:

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​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 12/31/2023
Year of generation | ​ | Amount | ​ | Expiration Date | ​ | Deferred Tax Assets
2020 | ​ | 5,961 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2,086
2021 | ​ | 39,548 | ​ | 2026 | ​ | 13,842
2022 | ​ | 5,812,640 | ​ | 2027 | ​ | 2,034,424
2023 | ​ | 513,313 | ​ | 2028 | ​ | 179,659
Total | ​ | 6,371,461 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,230,011

​

​

​

5. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial instruments held by Grupo Supervielle as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Fair value |  | ​ |  | Fair value |  | ​
​ | ​ | through | ​ | ​ | ​ | through | ​ | ​
Financial Instruments as of 12/31/2023 | ​ | profit or loss | ​ | Amortized Cost | ​ | OCI | ​ | Total
Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |
- Cash and due from banks | ​ | — | ​ | 229,098,272 | ​ | — | ​ | 229,098,272
- Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 46,415,822 |  | — |  | — |  | 46,415,822
- Derivatives |  | 3,795,093 |  | — |  | — |  | 3,795,093
- Reverse Repo transactions | ​ | — | ​ | 755,708,132 | ​ | — | ​ | 755,708,132
- Other financial assets |  | 21,064,292 |  | 25,435,492 |  | — |  | 46,499,784
- Loans and other financing |  | — |  | 482,455,084 |  | — |  | 482,455,084
- Other debt securities |  | 28,270,031 |  | 222,910,510 |  | — |  | 251,180,541
- Financial assets pledged as collateral |  | 46,374,207 |  | 8,399 |  | — |  | 46,382,606
- Investments in Equity Instruments |  | 49,094 |  | — |  | 316,891 |  | 365,985
Total Assets |  | 145,968,539 |  | 1,715,615,889 |  | 316,891 |  | 1,861,901,319
Liabilities |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
- Deposits |  | — |  | 1,548,928,056 |  | — |  | 1,548,928,056
- Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 607,903 |  | — |  | — |  | 607,903
- Repo transactions | ​ | — | ​ | 940,332 | ​ | — | ​ | 940,332
- Other financial liabilities |  | 72,391,981 |  | 346,947 |  | — |  | 72,738,928
- Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | — |  | 2,691,969 |  | — |  | 2,691,969
Total Liabilities |  | 72,999,884 |  | 1,552,907,304 |  | — |  | 1,625,907,188

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Fair value |  | ​ |  | Fair value |  | ​
​ | ​ | through | ​ | ​ | ​ | through | ​ | ​
Financial Instruments as of 12/31/2022 | ​ | profit or loss | ​ | Amortized Cost | ​ | OCI | ​ | Total
Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |
- Cash and due from banks | ​ | — | ​ | 150,719,643 | ​ | — | ​ | 150,719,643
- Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 69,707,595 |  | — |  | — |  | 69,707,595
- Derivatives |  | 920,381 |  | — |  | — |  | 920,381
- Reverse Repo transactions | ​ | — | ​ | 67,206,248 | ​ | — | ​ | 67,206,248
- Other financial assets |  | 18,566,566 |  | 6,679,625 |  | — |  | 25,246,191
- Loans and other financing |  | — |  | 728,474,749 |  | — |  | 728,474,749
- Other debt securities |  | 653,133,045 |  | 186,842,522 |  | — |  | 839,975,567
- Financial assets pledged as collateral |  | 44,785,900 |  | 270,629 |  | — |  | 45,056,529
- Investments in Equity Instruments |  | 837,562 |  | — |  | 727,448 |  | 1,565,010
Total Assets |  | 787,951,049 |  | 1,140,193,416 |  | 727,448 |  | 1,928,871,913
Liabilities |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
- Deposits |  | — |  | 1,705,009,583 |  | — |  | 1,705,009,583
- Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 6,661,539 |  | — |  | — |  | 6,661,539
- Other financial liabilities |  | 55,472,099 |  | 909,756 |  | — |  | 56,381,855
- Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | — |  | 17,219,834 |  | — |  | 17,219,834
- Unsubordinated debt securities |  | — |  | 1,748,271 |  | — |  | 1,748,271
Total Liabilities |  | 62,133,638 |  | 1,724,887,444 |  | — |  | 1,787,021,082

​

​

6. FAIR VALUES

6.1 Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the amount by which an asset may be exchanged or a liability may be settled, in an arm’s length orderly transaction between knowledgeable principal market participants (or more advantageous) at the date of measurement of the current market conditions regardless of whether such price is directly observable or estimated utilizing a valuation technique under the assumption that Grupo Supervielle is a going concern.

When a financial instrument is sold in a liquid and active market, its settled price in the market in a real transaction provides the best evidence of its fair value. When a stipulated price is not settled in the market or when it cannot be an indicator of a fair value of the instrument, in order to determine such fair value, another similar instrument’s fair value may be used, as well as the analysis of discounted flows or other applicable techniques. Such techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used Grupo Supervielle classifies fair values of financial instruments in a three level hierarchy according to the reliability of the inputs used to determine them.

Fair Value Level 1: The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets (such as publicly-traded derivatives, debt securities or available for sale) is based on market quoted prices as of the date of the reporting period. If the quoted price is available and there is an active market for the instrument, it will be included in Level 1. Otherwise, it will be included in Level 2.

Fair Value Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments which are not traded in active markets, such as over-the-counter derivatives, is determined using valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable market data and rely the least possible on Grupo Supervielle’s specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to determine fair value a financial instrument are observable, such instrument is included in Level 2. If the inputs used to determine the price are not observable, the instrument will be included in Level 3.

Fair Value Level 3: If one or more significant inputs are not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in Level 3.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Grupo Supervielle’s financial instruments measured at fair value as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are detailed below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Financial Instruments as of 12/31/2023 |  | FV Level 1 |  | FV Level 2 |  | FV Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 44,845,302 |  | 1,570,520 |  | — |  | 46,415,822
- Derivatives |  | — |  | 3,795,093 |  | — |  | 3,795,093
- Other financial assets |  | 21,064,292 |  | — |  | — |  | 21,064,292
- Other debt securities |  | 17,831,074 |  | 10,438,957 |  | — |  | 28,270,031
- Financial assets pledged as collateral |  | 46,374,207 |  | — |  | — |  | 46,374,207
- Investments in Equity Instruments |  | 49,094 |  | — |  | 316,891 |  | 365,985
Total Assets |  | 130,163,969 |  | 15,804,570 |  | 316,891 |  | 146,285,430
Liabilities |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
- Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 607,903 |  | — |  | — |  | 607,903
- Other financial liabilities |  | 72,391,981 |  | — |  | — |  | 72,391,981
Total Liabilities |  | 72,999,884 |  | — |  | — |  | 72,999,884

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Financial Instruments as of 12/31/2022 |  | FV Level 1 |  | FV Level 2 |  | FV Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 69,696,151 |  | 11,444 |  | — |  | 69,707,595
- Derivatives |  | 920,381 |  | — |  | — |  | 920,381
- Other financial assets |  | 18,566,566 |  | — |  | — |  | 18,566,566
- Other debt securities |  | 22,967,229 |  | 630,165,816 |  | — |  | 653,133,045
- Financial assets pledged as collateral |  | 44,785,900 |  | — |  | — |  | 44,785,900
- Investments in Equity Instruments |  | 837,562 |  | — |  | 727,448 |  | 1,565,010
Total Assets |  | 157,773,789 |  | 630,177,260 |  | 727,448 |  | 788,678,497
Liabilities |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
- Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 6,661,539 |  | — |  | — |  | 6,661,539
- Other financial liabilities |  | 55,472,099 |  | — |  | — |  | 55,472,099
Total Liabilities |  | 62,133,638 |  | — |  | — |  | 62,133,638

​

Below is shown the reconciliation of the financial instruments classiffied as Fair Value Level 3:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
FV Level 3 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | Transfers |  | Additions |  | Disposals |  | OCI |  | 12/31/2023
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Investments in equity instruments |  | 727,448 |  | — |  | 370,242 |  | (76,840) |  | (703,959) |  | 316,891

​

Grupo Supervielle’s policy is to recognize transfers between fair value Levels only at end of period.

Valuation Techniques

Valuation techniques to determine fair values Level 2 and Level 3 include the following:

| ● | Market or quoted prices for similar instruments.

| ● | The estimated present value of instruments.

The valuation technique to determine fair value Level 2 includes estimating the through spot rate curve which calculate the yield upon market prices.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

These valuation techniques are detailed below:

| ● | Interpolation model: It consists of the determination of the value of financial instruments that do not have a market price at the closing date, based on quoted prices for similar assets (both in terms of issue, currency, and duration) in active markets (MAE, Bolsar or secondary) through the linear interpolation of them. This technique has been used by the Entity to determine the fair value of the instruments issued by the Central Bank and Treasury Bills without quotation at the end of this period.

| ● | Performance Curve Model under Nelson Siegel: This model proposes a continuous function to model the trajectory of the instant forward interest rate considering as a domain the term comprised until the next interest and / or capital payment. It consists in the determination of the instrument's price estimating volatility through market curves. The Entity has used this model to estimate prices in debt securities or financial instruments with variable interest rate that are not quoted in an active market.

The principal inputs and method considered by Grupo Supervielle for its determination of fair values under the linear interpolation model are:

| ● | Instrument prices that were quoted between the date the curve is estimated and the settlement date of the latest payment available.

| ● | Implicit rates in the last available tender.

| ● | Only instruments that have been traded with a 24-hour settlement are considered.

| ● | If the same instrument has been listed on MAE (“Mercado Abierto Electrónico”) and Bolsar (Financial website of the “Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires”), only the market price that has been traded in the market with higher volume is considered.

| ● | The yield curve is standardized based on a set of nodes, each of which has an associated expiration date.

| ● | Instruments denominated in U.S. dollars are converted at the exchange rate on the date the instrument is negotiated.

Likewise, for the determination of fair values under the Nelson Siegel model, the main data and aspects considered by the Entity were:

| ● | The Spot rate curves in pesos + BADLAR and the Spot rate curve in U.S. dollars are established based on bonds predefined by Financial Risk Management.

| ● | The main source of prices for Bonds is MAE, without considering those corresponding to operations for own portfolio.

| ● | The portfolio of bonds used as input is changed with every issuance.

Grupo Supervielle periodically evaluates the performance of the models based on indicators which have defined tolerance thresholds.

Under IFRS, the estimated residual value of an instrument at inception is generally the transaction price.

In the event that the transaction price differs from the determined fair value, if the fair value is not Level 1, the difference will be recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement proportionally for the duration of the instrument.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

6.2 Fair Value of other Financial Instruments

The following describes the methodologies and assumptions used to determine the fair values of financial instruments not recorded at fair value in these Consolidated Financial Statements:

| ● | Assets whose fair value is similar to book value: For financial assets and liabilities that are liquid or have short-term maturities (less than three months), the book value is considered to be similar to fair value.

| ● | Fixe d rate financial instruments: The fair value of financial assets was determined by discounting future cash flows at the current market rates offered, for each year, for financial instruments with similar characteristics. The estimated fair value of deposits with a fixed interest rate was determined by discounting future cash flows through the use of market interest rates for deposits with maturities similar to those of Grupo Supervielle’s portfolio.

For listed assets and the quoted debt, fair value was determined based on market prices.

| ● | Other financial instruments: In the case of financial assets and liabilities that are liquid or have a short maturity, it is estimated that their fair value is similar to their book value. This assumption also applies to savings deposits, checking accounts and others.

Below is the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the main assets and liabilities recorded at amortized cost as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other Financial Instruments as of 12/31/2023 |  | Book value |  | Fair value |  | FV Level 1 |  | FV Level 2 |  | FV Level 3
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Cash and due from Banks |  | 229,098,272 |  | 229,098,272 |  | 229,098,272 |  | — |  | —
- Other financial assets |  | 25,435,492 |  | 25,435,492 |  | 25,435,492 |  | — |  | —
- Loans and other financing |  | 482,455,084 |  | 549,311,537 |  | — |  | — |  | 549,311,537
- Reverse Repo transactions | ​ | 755,708,132 | ​ | 755,708,132 | ​ | 755,708,132 | ​ | — | ​ | —
- Other Debt Securities |  | 222,910,510 |  | 255,174,286 |  | 177,457,660 |  | 77,716,626 |  | —
- Financial assets Pledged as collateral |  | 8,399 |  | 8,399 |  | 8,399 |  | — |  | —
​ | ​ | 1,715,615,889 | ​ | 1,814,736,118 | ​ | 1,187,707,955 | ​ | 77,716,626 | ​ | 549,311,537
Financial Liabilities |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
- Deposits |  | 1,548,928,056 |  | 1,597,478,417 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,597,478,417
- Other financial liabilities |  | 346,947 |  | 346,947 |  | 346,947 |  | — |  | —
- Financing received from the Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | 2,691,969 |  | 2,788,182 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,788,182
- Repo Transactions |  | 940,332 |  | 940,332 |  | 940,332 |  | — |  | —
​ | ​ | 1,552,907,304 | ​ | 1,601,553,878 | ​ | 1,287,279 | ​ | — | ​ | 1,600,266,599

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other Financial Instruments as of 12/31/2022 |  | Book value |  | Fair value |  | FV Level 1 |  | FV Level 2 |  | FV Level 3
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Cash and due from Banks |  | 150,719,643 |  | 150,719,643 |  | 150,719,643 |  | — |  | —
- Other financial assets |  | 6,679,625 |  | 6,679,625 |  | 6,679,625 |  | — |  | —
- Loans and other financing |  | 728,474,749 |  | 736,098,923 |  | — |  | — |  | 736,098,923
- Reverse Repo transactions | ​ | 67,206,248 | ​ | 67,206,248 | ​ | 67,206,248 | ​ | — | ​ | —
- Other Debt Securities |  | 186,842,522 |  | 193,728,112 |  | 101,835,764 |  | 91,892,348 |  | —
- Financial assets Pledged as collateral |  | 270,629 |  | 270,629 |  | 270,629 |  | — |  | —
​ | ​ | 1,140,193,416 | ​ | 1,154,703,180 | ​ | 326,711,909 | ​ | 91,892,348 | ​ | 736,098,923
Financial Liabilities |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
- Deposits |  | 1,705,009,583 |  | 1,750,167,253 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,750,167,253
- Other financial liabilities |  | 909,756 |  | 909,756 |  | 909,756 |  | — |  | —
- Financing received from the Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | 17,219,834 |  | 27,034,151 |  | — |  | — |  | 27,034,151
- Unsubordinated Debt securities |  | 1,748,271 |  | 1,748,271 |  | 1,748,271 |  | — |  | —
​ |  | 1,724,887,444 |  | 1,779,859,431 |  | 2,658,027 |  | — |  | 1,777,201,404

​

6.3 Fair Value of Equity instruments

The following are the equity instruments measured at Fair Value through profit or loss as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Grupo Financiero Galicia S.A. |  | — |  | 15,651
Pampa Energía S.A. | ​ | 26,237 | ​ | 144,901
Loma Negra S.A. | ​ | 2,412 | ​ | 102,814
Ternium Argentina S.A. | ​ | 1,113 | ​ | 42,781
Aluar S.A. | ​ | 31 | ​ | 169,045
YPF S.A. | ​ | 517 | ​ | 141,977
Transener S.A. | ​ | 198 | ​ | 17,327
Edenor | ​ | 5,799 | ​ | 145,309
Holcim Arg | ​ | 7,218 | ​ | 4,416
Cedear SPDR Dow Jones Ind | ​ | 1,803 | ​ | 1,731
Cedear SPDR S&P | ​ | 1,528 | ​ | 1,348
Cedear Financial Select Sector | ​ | 1,430 | ​ | 1,423
Others |  | 808 | ​ | 48,839
Total |  | 49,094 |  | 837,562

​

The following are the equity instruments measured at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | FV at | ​ | Income / (Loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | FV at
Detail | ​ | 12/31/2022 | ​ | through OCI | ​ | Disposals | ​ | Additions | ​ | 12/31/2023
Mercado Abierto Electrónico S.A. |  | 288,040 |  | (286,408) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,632
Play Digital S.A. |  | 274,011 | ​ | (283,270) | ​ | (75,239) | ​ | 254,610 | ​ | 170,112
Seguro de Depósitos S.A |  | 33,146 |  | (14,214) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 18,932
Compensador Electrónica S.A. |  | 101,793 |  | 11,116 | ​ | (1,601) | ​ | — | ​ | 111,308
Provincanje S.A. |  | 22,586 |  | (130,573) | ​ | — | ​ | 115,632 | ​ | 7,645
Cuyo Aval Sociedad de Garantía Recíproca |  | 5,833 |  | (184) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 5,649
Argencontrol S.A. |  | 1,009 |  | (428) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 581
IEBA S.A. |  | 190 |  | (129) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 61
Other Reciprocal Guarantee Companies | ​ | 840 | ​ | 131 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 971

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Total |  | 727,448 |  | (703,959) | ​ | (76,840) | ​ | 370,242 | ​ | 316,891

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | FV at | ​ | Income / (Loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | FV at
Detail | ​ | 12/31/2021 | ​ | through OCI | ​ | Disposals | ​ | Additions | ​ | 12/31/2022
Mercado Abierto Electrónico S.A. |  | 277,503 |  | 10,537 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 288,040
Play Digital S.A. |  | 224,182 |  | (173,224) | ​ | (45,605) | ​ | 268,658 | ​ | 274,011
Seguro de Depósitos S.A |  | 42,666 |  | (9,520) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 33,146
Compensador Electrónica S.A. |  | 68,731 |  | 33,062 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 101,793
Provincanje S.A. |  | 26,862 |  | (4,276) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 22,586
Cuyo Aval Sociedad de Garantía Recíproca |  | 8,456 |  | (2,623) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 5,833
Argencontrol S.A. |  | 953 |  | 56 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,009
IEBA S.A. |  | 371 |  | (181) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 190
Other Reciprocal Guarantee Companies |  | 955 |  | (115) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 840
Total |  | 650,679 |  | (146,284) | ​ | (45,605) | ​ | 268,658 | ​ | 727,448

​

​

7. FINANCE LEASES

7.1 The Group as lessee

(i) The following table shows the carrying amount in the statement of financial position:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Right-of-use asset |  |  |  |
Land and buildings (Gross carrying amount) |  | 9,588,345 |  | 16,891,897
Lease liability |  | ​ |  | ​
Current |  | 1,844,502 |  | 2,991,612
Non-current |  | 1,013,003 |  | 1,892,699
Total |  | 2,857,505 |  | 4,884,311

​

(ii) The following table shows the amounts charged in the income statement:

​

​ | ​ | ​
Items |  | 12/31/2023
Right-of-use assets – Depreciation |  | 6,480,621
Interest expenses on lease liabilities (Other operating expenses) |  | 33,690

​

(iii) Lease activities:

Grupo Supervielle leases several branches. Rental agreements are generally made for fixed periods of 1 to 10 years, but may have extension options as described in (iv) below.

Contracts may contain lease components or not. Grupo Supervielle assigns consideration in the contract to the lease and non-lease components based on their independent relative prices. However, for the leases of real estate for which Grupo Supervielle is a lessee, it has chosen not to separate the lease components and those that are not, and instead counts them as a single lease component.

Lease terms are negotiated individually and contain a wide range of different terms and conditions. Lease agreements do not impose other obligations to do or not do, other than the leased assets owned by the lessor. Leased assets cannot be used as collateral for obtaining loans.

The leases are recognized as a right-of-use asset by registering a liability as a counterparty on the date on which the leased asset is available for use by the Entity.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Assets and liabilities arising from leases are initially measured based on the present value. Lease liabilities include the net present value of the following lease payments:

| ● | fixed payments (including fixed payments in substance), less any incentives receivable;

| ● | variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date;

| ● | amounts expected to be payable by Grupo Supervielle under residual value guarantees;

| ● | the exercise price of a purchase option if Grupo Supervielle is reasonably certain to exercise that option, and

| ● | payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects Grupo Supervielle exercising an option to terminate the lease.

Lease payments to be made under reasonably certain extension options are also included in the measurement of the liability.

Lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be easily determined, which is generally the case with leases in Grupo Supervielle, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is used, which is the rate that the individual lessee would have to pay to borrow the necessary funds to obtain an asset of similar value to the asset by right of use in a similar economic environment with similar terms, security and conditions.

To determine the incremental interest rate, Grupo Supervielle:

| ● | whenever possible, uses the external financing recently received as a starting point, adjusted to reflect changes in financing conditions since the external financing was received

| ● | uses a rate determination approach that begins with a risk-free interest rate adjusted for credit risk for leases that the Entity already has for those cases in which it does not have recent third-party financing, and

| ● | makes specific adjustments for the lease, for example, term, currency and guarantee.

Grupo Supervielle is exposed to possible future increases in variable lease payments based on an index or rate, which are not included in the lease liability until they become effective. When adjustments to lease payments based on an index or rate become effective, the lease liability is reassessed and adjusted against the right-of-use asset.

Lease payments are allocated between capital and financial cost. The financial cost is charged to profit or loss during the lease period to produce a constant periodic interest rate on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

The right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the following:

| ● | the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability;

| ● | any lease payment made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received;

| ● | any initial direct costs, and

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

| ● | an estimate of costs to be incurred by the lessee in dismantling and removing the underlying asset, restoring the site on which it is located or restoring the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms and conditions of the lease.

The right-of-use assets are generally depreciated during the shortest useful life of the asset and the lease term in a linear fashion.

Payments associated with short-term leases of equipment and all leases of low-value assets are recognized linearly as an expense in profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases with a lease term of 12 months or less and that does not contains a purchase option. Low-value assets include computer equipment and small items of office furniture.

(iv) Extension and termination options

Extension and termination options are included in several property leases. These are used to maximize operational flexibility in terms of managing the assets used in operations. Most of the extension and termination options maintained are exercisable only by Grupo Supervielle and not by the respective lessor.

7.2 The Group as lessor

The following is a breakdown of the maturities of Grupo Supervielle’s financial and operating leases receivables and of the present values as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Financial Lease Receivables |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Up to 1 year |  | 13,745,706 |  | 23,887,476
More than a year up to two years |  | 11,549,927 |  | 21,379,019
From two to three years |  | 7,928,815 |  | 14,563,649
From three to five years |  | 3,497,498 |  | 8,734,999
More than five years |  | 2,349 |  | 638,344
Total |  | 36,724,295 |  | 69,203,487
Unearned financial income |  | (16,732,515) |  | (35,917,183)
Net investment in the lease |  | 19,991,780 |  | 33,286,304

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating Lease Receivables |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Up to 1 year |  | 212,663 |  | 174,102
More than a year up to two years |  | 132,019 |  | 233,334
From two to three years |  | 33,990 |  | 84,510
Total |  | 378,672 |  | 491,946

​

​

​

The balance of allowance for loan losses related to finance leases amounts to $434,107 and $280,441 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 respectively

​

​

8. REPO AND REVERSE REPO TRANSACTIONS

Grupo Supervielle carries out repo and reverse repo transactions in which it performs the spot purchase sale of a security with the related forward purchase thereof, thus substantially retaining all the risks and rewards associated with the instruments and recognizing them in "Repo Transactions" at year-end, as the provisions set out in point 3.4.2 (Derecognition of Assets) of IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments") are not met.

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​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The residual values of assets transferred under repo and reverse repo transactions as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are detailed below:

Repo Transactions:

​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Book Value
December 31, 2023 |  | 755,708,132
December 31, 2022 |  | 67,206,248

Reverse Repo Transactions:

​

​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Book Value
December 31, 2023 |  | 940,332
December 31, 2022 |  | —

​

​

9. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

In the normal course of business, Grupo Supervielle enters into a variety of transactions principally in the foreign exchange stock markets. Most counterparties in the derivative transactions are banks and other financial institutions.

These instruments include:

| ● | Forwards and futures: they are agreements to deliver or take delivery at a specified rate, price or index applied against the underlying asset or financial instrument, at a specific date. Futures are exchange traded at standardized amounts of the underlying asset or financial instrument.

Forwards contracts are OTC agreements and are principally dealt in by Grupo Supervielle in foreign exchange as forward agreements.

| ● | Swaps: they are agreements between two parties with the intention to exchange cash flows and risks at specific date and for a period in the future.

| ● | Options: they confer the right to the buyer, but no obligation, to receive or pay a specific quantity of an asset or financial instrument for a specified price at or before a specified date.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the following amounts were recorded for operations related to derivatives:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Amounts receivable for spot and forward transactions pending settlement |  | 2,869,609 |  | 634,487
Amounts payable for spot and forward transactions pending settlement |  | 158,431 |  | 182,977
Put option taken with Central Bank | ​ | 767,053 | ​ | 102,917
​ | ​ | 3,795,093 |  | 920,381

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The following table shows, the notional value of options and outstanding forward and futures contracts as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Forward sales of foreign exchange without delivery of underlying assets |  | 16,963,766 |  | 42,092,038
Forward purchases of foreign exchange without delivery of underlying assets |  | 20,797,187 |  | 12,486,369

​

The incomes/(expenses) generated by derivative financial instruments during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 amounted to $10,282,330, $2,065,245 and $9,613,101 respectively.

​

10. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Earnings per share are calculated by dividing income attributable to Grupo Supervielle´s shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period. As Grupo Supervielle does not have preferred shares or debt convertible into shares, basic earnings are equal to diluted earnings per share.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Income attributable to shareholders of the group |  | 51,615,837 | ​ | (15,654,911) |  | (10,521,726)
Weighted average of oustanding ordinary shares (thousands) |  | 442,727 | ​ | 454,274 |  | 456,722
Income per share |  | 116.59 | ​ | (34.46) |  | (23.04)

​

​

11. SPECIAL TERMINATION ARRANGEMENTS

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, special termination arrangements amounted to $4,192,701 and $7,422,283, respectively. The amounts charged to profit or loss regarding these benefits as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $3,178,727 and $1,672,716, respectively included in Other non-financial liabilities.

The evolution during each period is detailed below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Balances at the beginning |  | 7,422,283 |  | 9,521,606
Additions to profit or loss |  | 3,178,727 |  | 1,672,716
Monetary result benefits paid to participants | ​ | (1,369,489) | ​ | (858,920)
Benefits paid to participants |  | (5,038,820) |  | (2,913,119)
Balances at closing |  | 4,192,701 |  | 7,422,283

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

12. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Changes in property, plant and equipment for financial years ended on December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross carrying amount | ​ | Depreciation | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net
​ | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | At the | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | Additions by | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | carrying
​ | ​ | of the | ​ | Useful | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | end of | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | business | ​ | Of the | ​ | Other | ​ | At the end | ​ | amount
Item |  | year |  | Life |  | Revaluation |  | Additions |  | Disposals |  | the year |  | of the year | ​ | Disposals | ​ | combinations | ​ | Year | ​ | Movements | ​ | of the year | ​ | 12/31/2023
Cost model |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Furniture and facilities |  | 14,069,307 |  | 10 |  | — | ​ | 391,691 | ​ | (351,971) |  | 14,109,027 |  | (11,583,436) |  | 413,091 |  | — |  | (704,383) |  | — |  | (11,874,728) |  | 2,234,299
Machinery and equipment |  | 50,221,991 |  | 5 |  | — | ​ | 4,082,256 | ​ | (659,778) |  | 53,644,469 |  | (44,715,683) |  | 635,830 |  | — |  | (2,851,178) |  | — |  | (46,931,031) |  | 6,713,438
Vehicles |  | 2,340,194 |  | 5 |  | — | ​ | 515,511 | ​ | (569,297) |  | 2,286,408 |  | (1,026,023) |  | 472,330 |  | — |  | (417,127) |  | — |  | (970,820) |  | 1,315,588
Right of use assets | ​ | 16,891,897 | ​ | 5 | ​ | — | ​ | 3,349,796 | ​ | (10,653,348) | ​ | 9,588,345 | ​ | (9,670,979) | ​ | 10,656,319 | ​ | — | ​ | (6,480,621) | ​ | — | ​ | (5,495,281) | ​ | 4,093,064
Construction in progress |  | 7,502,745 |  | ​ |  | — | ​ | 1,927,178 | ​ | (3,773,387) |  | 5,656,536 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 5,656,536
Revaluation model |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Land and Buildings |  | 35,312,822 |  | 50 |  | (2,093,627) | ​ | 756,617 | ​ | (168,263) |  | 33,807,549 |  | (2,125,445) |  | 112,013 |  | — |  | (655,407) |  | — |  | (2,668,839) |  | 31,138,710
Total |  | 126,338,956 |  | — |  | (2,093,627) | ​ | 11,023,049 | ​ | (16,176,044) |  | 119,092,334 |  | (69,121,566) |  | 12,289,583 |  | — |  | (11,108,716) |  | — |  | (67,940,699) |  | 51,151,635

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross carrying amount | ​ | Depreciation | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net
​ | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | At the | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | Additions by | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | carrying
​ | ​ | of the | ​ | Useful | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | end of | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | business | ​ | Of the | ​ | Other | ​ | At the end | ​ | amount
Item | ​ | year | ​ | Life | ​ | Revaluation | ​ | Additions | ​ | Disposals | ​ | the year | ​ | of the year | ​ | Disposals | ​ | combinations | ​ | Year | ​ | Movements | ​ | of the year | ​ | 12/31/2022
Cost model |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Furniture and facilities |  | 13,620,204 |  | 10 |  | — | ​ | 449,103 | ​ | — |  | 14,069,307 |  | (10,824,598) |  | 181,526 |  | — |  | (940,364) |  | — |  | (11,583,436) |  | 2,485,871
Machinery and equipment |  | 49,868,605 |  | 5 |  | — | ​ | 1,060,303 | ​ | (706,917) |  | 50,221,991 |  | (41,898,497) |  | 659,677 |  | — |  | (3,476,863) |  | — |  | (44,715,683) |  | 5,506,308
Vehicles |  | 2,491,133 |  | 5 |  | — | ​ | 769,211 | ​ | (920,150) |  | 2,340,194 |  | (1,136,208) |  | 569,001 |  | — |  | (458,816) |  | — |  | (1,026,023) |  | 1,314,171
Right of use assets | ​ | 19,194,943 | ​ | 5 | ​ | — | ​ | 3,555,148 | ​ | (5,858,194) | ​ | 16,891,897 | ​ | (9,368,409) | ​ | 5,659,594 | ​ | — | ​ | (5,962,164) | ​ | — | ​ | (9,670,979) | ​ | 7,220,918
Construction in progress |  | 8,438,004 |  | ​ |  | — | ​ | 3,463,617 | ​ | (4,398,876) |  | 7,502,745 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7,502,745
Revaluation model |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Land and Buildings |  | 37,944,053 |  | 50 |  | (2,611,299) | ​ | 8,511 | ​ | (28,443) |  | 35,312,822 |  | (1,391,360) |  | — |  | — |  | (734,085) |  | — |  | (2,125,445) |  | 33,187,377
Total |  | 131,556,942 |  | — |  | (2,611,299) |  | 9,305,893 |  | (11,912,580) |  | 126,338,956 |  | (64,619,072) |  | 7,069,798 |  | — |  | (11,572,292) |  | — |  | (69,121,566) |  | 57,217,390

​

12.1 Revaluation of Property, Plant and Equipment

Grupo Supervielle´s properties, plant and equipment measured at revaluation model were valued at each reporting date by an independent expert. The frequency of revaluations ensures fair value of the revalued asset does not differ materially from its carrying amount.

The last revaluation was made on December 31, 2023.

The following are the book values that would have been recognized if the assets had been accounted under the cost model:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Residual | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Value | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | according to | ​ | ​
​ |  | Revaluation |  | Revalued |  | the cost | ​ | ​
Class | ​ | date | ​ | amount | ​ | model |  | Difference
Land and buildings |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 31,138,710 |  | 22,580,757 |  | 8,557,953
Land and buildings |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 33,187,377 |  | 22,076,981 |  | 11,110,396

​

​

13.INVESTMENT PROPERTIES

The movements in investment properties for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | P/L for | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Beginning | ​ | Total useful | ​ | changes | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | As of
Item |  | of the year |  | life |  | in the FV |  | Additions | ​ | Disposals |  | Depreciation |  | 12/31/2023
Cost model | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |
Rented properties | ​ | 817,096 | ​ | 5 | ​ | — | ​ | 161,070 | ​ | — | ​ | (189,124) | ​ | 789,042
Measurement at fair value | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Rented properties |  | 51,820,300 |  | 50 |  | (7,012,278) |  | — | ​ | — |  | — |  | 44,808,022
TOTAL INVESTMENT PROPERTIES |  | 52,637,396 |  | ​ |  | (7,012,278) |  | 161,070 | ​ | — |  | (189,124) |  | 45,597,064

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | P/L for | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Beginning | ​ | Total useful | ​ | changes | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | As of
Item |  | of the year |  | life |  | in the FV |  | Additions | ​ | Disposals |  | Depreciation |  | 12/31/2022
Cost model | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Rented properties | ​ | 852,313 | ​ | 5 | ​ | — | ​ | 195,567 | ​ | (90,816) | ​ | (139,968) | ​ | 817,096
Measurement at fair value | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |
Rented properties |  | 51,910,577 |  | 50 |  | (2,503,275) |  | 2,412,998 | ​ | — |  | — |  | 51,820,300
TOTAL INVESTMENT PROPERTIES |  | 52,762,890 | ​ | ​ |  | (2,503,275) |  | 2,608,565 | ​ | (90,816) |  | (139,968) |  | 52,637,396

​

Investment properties are measured at fair value which is determined by an independent expert.

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

14. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets of Grupo Supervielle for fiscal years ended on December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross carrying amount | ​ | Depreciation | ​ |
​ | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | Additions | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | At the | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | At the | ​ | Net carrying
​ | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | by business | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | End of the | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | By business | ​ | ​ | ​ | End of the | ​ | amount at
Item |  | of the year |  | Additions |  | combinations |  | Impairment |  | Disposals |  | year |  | of the year |  | Disposals |  | combinations |  | Of the year |  | year |  | 12/31/2023
Measurement at cost | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
Goodwill | ​ | 31,027,144 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (4,000,000) | ​ | — | ​ | 27,027,144 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 27,027,144
Brands |  | 1,831,210 |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,831,210 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,831,210
Other intangible assets(*) |  | 88,245,470 | ​ | 16,916,944 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (756,231) | ​ | 104,406,183 |  | (51,735,118) | ​ | 93,369 | ​ | — | ​ | (13,988,733) | ​ | (65,630,482) | ​ | 38,775,701
TOTAL |  | 121,103,824 | ​ | 16,916,944 | ​ | — | ​ | (4,000,000) | ​ | (756,231) | ​ | 133,264,537 |  | (51,735,118) | ​ | 93,369 | ​ | — | ​ | (13,988,733) | ​ | (65,630,482) | ​ | 67,634,055

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross carrying amount | ​ | Depreciation | ​ |
​ | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | Additions | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | At the | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | At the | ​ | Net carrying
​ | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | by business | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | End of the | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | By business | ​ | ​ | ​ | End of the | ​ | amount at
Item |  | of the year |  | Additions |  | combinations |  | Impairment |  | Disposals |  | year |  | of the year |  | Disposals |  | combinations |  | Of the year |  | year |  | 12/31/2022
Measurement at cost | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
Goodwill | ​ | 33,327,743 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (2,300,599) | ​ | — | ​ | 31,027,144 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 31,027,144
Brands |  | 1,831,210 |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,831,210 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,831,210
Other intangible assets(*) |  | 71,107,364 | ​ | 17,707,912 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (569,806) | ​ | 88,245,470 |  | (36,979,731) | ​ | 485,868 | ​ | — | ​ | (15,241,255) | ​ | (51,735,118) | ​ | 36,510,352
TOTAL |  | 106,266,317 |  | 17,707,912 |  | — |  | (2,300,599) |  | (569,806) |  | 121,103,824 |  | (36,979,731) |  | 485,868 |  | — |  | (15,241,255) |  | (51,735,118) |  | 69,368,706

(*)mainly include systems and programs.

​

14.1 Goodwill impairment

Goodwill is assigned to Grupo Supervielle’s cash generating units on the basis of the operating segments.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Supervielle Seguros S.A. | ​ | 88,686 |  | 88,686
Banco Regional de Cuyo S.A. | ​ | 464,982 |  | 464,982
InvertirOnline S.A.U. / Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. | ​ | 16,902,605 |  | 16,902,605
Micro Lending S.A.U. | ​ | 9,308,612 |  | 13,308,612
Supervielle Agente de Negoación S.A.U. | ​ | 46,943 | ​ | 46,943
Others | ​ | 215,316 |  | 215,316
TOTAL | ​ | 27,027,144 |  | 31,027,144

​

The recoverable amount of a cash generating unit is determined on the basis of its value in use. These method uses cash flow projections based on approved financial budgets covering a period of five years.

The key assumptions are related to marginal contribution margins. These were determined on the basis of past performance, other external sources of information and the expectations of market development.

The discount rates used were 15.6% and they were determined by using the average cost of capital (“WACC”), which is considered a good indicator of the cost of capital. For each cash generating unit, where the assets are assigned, a specific WACC was determined considering the industry and the size of the business.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The main macroeconomic assumptionsused include the number of borrowings originated by MILA (“Micro Lending”) and IOL (“ InvertirOnline”) operating income:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Real | ​ | Forecast | ​ | Forecast | ​ | Forecast | ​ | Forecast | ​ | Forecast |
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | 2027 |  | 2028 |
Inflation (end of period) |  | 211.4 | % | 205.6 | % | 80.4 | % | 49.8 | % | 23.7 | % | 8.5 | %
Inflation (average) |  | 133.5 | % | 249.1 | % | 104.9 | % | 62.0 | % | 34.4 | % | 13.4 | %
Cost of funding (average) |  | 63.0 | % | 70.0 | % | 45.3 | % | 31.6 | % | 17.8 | % | 9.4 | %
Loan’s interest rate (average) |  | 82.8 | % | 88.0 | % | 59.3 | % | 43.6 | % | 27.8 | % | 17.4 | %
Number of borrowings originated by Micro Lending | ​ | 5,798 | ​ | 7,080 | ​ | 9,996 | ​ | 12,504 | ​ | 14,004 | ​ | 14,004 | ​
InvertirOnline'Operating income | ​ | 7,326 | ​ | 21,213 | ​ | 51,990 | ​ | 88,474 | ​ | 118,939 | ​ | 134,834 | ​

​

As of December 31, 2023, political conditions negatively affected the Argentine economy in general, the main impacts are detailed below:

• An inflationary acceleration and greater devaluation of the Argentine peso, with the accumulated inflation index being 211.4% during 2023 (CPI) and the variation in the BCRA exchange rate Com. “A” 3,500, for the same period, of 356.4%.

• Exchange restrictions in order to contain the demand for dollars.

• Reduction of the 1-day repo rate from 126% to 100% n.a. (171.5% e.a.). Thus, the interest rate on 1-day repos for private funds was 85% n.a. (133.7% n.a.), while the 1-day reverse repo interest rate remained at 160% n.a. (393.6% e.a.).

To what was mentioned above we must add the following conditions that negatively affected the Micro Lending business:

• During 2023, automobile loans have decreased their share of the product more than loans to the non-financial private sector as a whole.

• The market share of automobile loans in the Argentinian financial system (BCRA) is at historic lows, representing 0.2% of GDP.

• Both the patenting of 0KM units, and the percentage of these transactions that are carried out through financing, are in slight recovery but quite far from historical highs.

• Financing of the purchase of used vehicles is relevant to MILA's operations. This business has not been immune to the forementioned market conditions, the amount of loans granted was in the order of 5,800 operations (1% below 2022), which is an historical low for the business.

As a consequence of these macroeconomic conditions The Group recorded an impairment of $4,000,000 of the goodwill of Micro Lending S.A.U., as of December 31, 2023, which was recorded in depreciation and impairment of non-financial assets line of the Income Statement. The impairment was included in the “People and Business” segment. The value attributable to the cash-generating unit in which the goodwill was included was 10,477,611 as of December 31, 2023.

No additional impairment was determined for the remaining goodwill recorded within Intangible Assets as of December 31, 2023.

The sensitivity analysis of the cash generating units to which goodwill was assigned, excluding Micro Lending S.A.U., was based on a 1% increase in the weighted average cost of capital. The Group concluded that it would not be necessary to recognize any impairment losses on goodwill in the segment under these conditions.

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​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

15. COMPOSITION OF THE MAIN ITEMS OF THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AND CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT

15.1 Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Government securities |  | 43,859,127 |  | 49,031,485
Corporate securities |  | 2,556,695 |  | 20,676,110
​ | ​ | 46,415,822 |  | 69,707,595

​

15. 2 Derivatives

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Debtor balances related to forward operations in foreign currency to be settled in pesos |  | 2,869,609 |  | 634,487
Debtor balances related to forward operations in foreign currency | ​ | 158,431 | ​ | 182,977
Put option taken |  | 767,053 |  | 102,917
​ | ​ | 3,795,093 |  | 920,381

​

15.3 Other financial assets

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Participation Certificates in Financial Trusts |  | 635,332 |  | 493,273
Investments in Asset Management and Other Services |  | 6,890,718 |  | 6,739,434
Other investments |  | 3,113,100 |  | 3,209,561
Receivable from spot sales pending settlement |  | 24,966,331 |  | 7,459,195
Several debtors |  | 10,815,142 |  | 7,288,751
Miscellaneous debtors for credit card operations |  | 495,366 |  | 520,368
Allowances for loan losses | ​ | (416,205) | ​ | (464,391)
​ | ​ | 46,499,784 |  | 25,246,191

​

15.4 Other debt securities

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Negotiable obligations | ​ | 12,667,045 | ​ | 17,622,462
Debt securities from Financial trusts |  | 4,590,978 |  | —
Government securities | ​ | 160,021,031 | ​ | 116,816,092
Securities issued by BCRA |  | 76,082,442 |  | 707,388,671
Others | ​ | 89 | ​ | 149
Allowances for loan losses | ​ | (2,181,044) | ​ | (1,851,807)
​ | ​ | 251,180,541 |  | 839,975,567

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

15.5 Financial assets pledged as collateral

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Guarantee securities for repo operations |  | 972,694 |  | —
Special guarantees accounts in the Argentine Central Bank | ​ | 21,763,021 | ​ | 32,058,218
Deposits in guarantee |  | 23,646,891 |  | 12,998,311
​ | ​ | 46,382,606 |  | 45,056,529

​

15.6 Inventories

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Electronics |  | — |  | 208,923
​ | ​ | — |  | 208,923

​

15.7 Other non-financial assets

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Other Miscellaneous assets |  | 8,538,030 |  | 7,694,702
Loans to employees |  | 2,134,276 |  | 2,678,478
Payments in advance |  | 5,948,058 |  | 4,151,472
Other non-financial assets | ​ | 154,060 | ​ | 374,811
Retirement Plan |  | 547,973 |  | 387,914
Works of art and collector's pieces | ​ | 253,347 |  | 257,559
Insurance Contract assets | ​ | 1,187,065 |  | 1,096,286
Asset from insurance broker operations | ​ | 1,020 |  | 6,506
​ | ​ | 18,763,829 | ​ | 16,647,728

​

15.8 Deposits

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Non-financial sector |  | 100,747,830 |  | 86,705,591
Financial sector |  | 476,539 |  | 315,861
Current accounts |  | 138,589,508 |  | 157,491,710
Special checking accounts | ​ | 731,973,085 |  | 556,908,441
Savings accounts |  | 241,809,018 |  | 287,593,196
Time deposits and investments accounts |  | 177,192,264 |  | 469,431,207
Investment accounts | ​ | 122,036,731 |  | 100,826,533
Others | ​ | 15,838,471 |  | 19,700,970
Interest and Adjustments |  | 20,264,610 |  | 26,036,074
​ | ​ | 1,548,928,056 |  | 1,705,009,583

​

15.9 Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Liabilities for transactions in local currency |  | 607,903 |  | 3,955,167
Liabilities for transactions in foreign currency |  | — |  | 2,706,372
​ | ​ | 607,903 |  | 6,661,539

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

15.10 Other financial liabilities

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Amounts payable for spot transactions pending settlement |  | 14,473,367 |  | 6,423,474
Collections and other operations on behalf of third parties |  | 55,096,905 |  | 44,801,930
Unpaid fees |  | 12,075 |  | 11,460
Financial guarantee contracts |  | 42,076 |  | 75,990
Liabilities associated with the transfer of financial assets not derecognized |  | — |  | —
Lease liability |  | 2,857,505 |  | 4,884,311
Others | ​ | 257,000 |  | 184,690
​ | ​ | 72,738,928 | ​ | 56,381,855

​

15.11 Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Financing received from local financial institutions |  | 2,436,173 |  | 11,893,380
Financing received from international institutions |  | 255,796 |  | 5,326,454
​ | ​ | 2,691,969 |  | 17,219,834

​

15.12 Provisions

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Eventual commitments | ​ | 411,663 | ​ | 271,445
Unused Balances of Credit Cards | ​ | 1,456,978 | ​ | 1,387,991
Restructuring expenses | ​ | 6,000,000 | ​ | —
Other contingencies |  | 7,029,026 |  | 3,608,510
​ | ​ | 14,897,667 |  | 5,267,946

​

15.13 Other non-financial liabilities

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Payroll and social securities |  | 32,249,269 |  | 35,247,707
Sundry creditors |  | 18,833,238 |  | 24,404,194
Revenue from contracts with customers (1) |  | 908,005 |  | 1,021,454
Tax payable |  | 19,681,363 |  | 22,066,310
Social security payment orders pending settlement |  | 1,278,348 |  | 2,329,528
Reinsurance contract liabilities | ​ | 5,032 | ​ | 187,838
Liabilities from insurance broker operations | ​ | 41,453 | ​ | 13,131
Other |  | 203,589 |  | 321,003
​ | ​ | 73,200,297 |  | 85,591,165

​

(1) | Deferred revenue associated with contracts with customers includes the liability for the customer loyalty program. The Group estimates the value of the points assigned to customers in the Club Supervielle and Club Mis Puntos Programs, by applying a mathematical model that considers assumptions about redemption percentages, fair value of points redeemed based on the combination of available products. and customer preferences, as well as the expiration of unused points. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the sum of $908,005 and $1,021,454 points have been recorded for unredeemed points, respectively.

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Maturity | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Up to 12 | ​ | Up to 24 | ​ | More than | ​ | ​
Item |  | months |  | months |  | 24 months |  | Total
Revenue from contracts with customers | ​ | 321,665 | ​ | 164,667 | ​ | 421,673 | ​ | 908,005

​

​

15.14 Interest Income

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Interest on overdrafts |  | 44,410,794 |  | 23,471,096 | ​ | 19,005,461
Interest on promissory notes |  | 67,470,691 |  | 64,028,835 | ​ | 67,907,777
Interest on personal loans |  | 66,454,064 |  | 92,146,481 | ​ | 117,692,377
Interest on corporate unsecured loans |  | 96,127,460 |  | 50,712,155 | ​ | 41,967,396
Interest on credit card loans |  | 42,005,274 |  | 45,870,806 | ​ | 35,957,060
Interest on mortgage loans |  | 62,359,572 |  | 56,407,739 | ​ | 42,843,345
Interest on automobile and other secured loan |  | 12,574,777 |  | 13,122,573 | ​ | 9,393,313
Interest on foreign trade loans |  | 3,180,062 |  | 4,010,233 | ​ | 7,543,367
Interest on financial leases |  | 17,868,411 |  | 14,262,772 | ​ | 9,591,489
Interest on public and private securities measured at amortized cost | ​ | 567,893,807 |  | 387,019,350 | ​ | 167,862,434
Other |  | 177,352,343 |  | 33,302,307 | ​ | 107,654,661
Total |  | 1,157,697,255 |  | 784,354,347 | ​ | 627,418,680

​

15.15 Interest Expenses

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Interest on current accounts deposits |  | 374,828,604 |  | 211,185,911 | ​ | 128,233,675
Interest on time deposits |  | 439,013,593 |  | 295,156,581 | ​ | 228,048,956
Interest on other financial liabilities |  | 3,621,357 |  | 3,968,644 | ​ | 8,388,702
Interest from financing sector |  | 2,772,705 |  | 3,356,878 | ​ | 1,108,873
Other |  | 5,257,828 |  | 1,731,380 | ​ | 1,210,330
Total |  | 825,494,087 |  | 515,399,394 | ​ | 366,990,536

​

15.16 Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Income from corporate and government securities |  | 127,798,716 |  | 51,452,910 | ​ | 42,190,171
Income from securities issued by the Argentine Central Bank |  | — |  | 3,303,523 | ​ | 2,120,331
Derivatives |  | 10,282,330 |  | 2,065,245 | ​ | 9,613,101
Total |  | 138,081,046 |  | 56,821,678 | ​ | 53,923,603

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

15.17 Service fee income

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Commissions from deposits accounts |  | 37,391,888 |  | 38,148,025 | ​ | 39,408,942
Commissions from credit and debit cards |  | 20,594,231 |  | 29,729,082 | ​ | 30,250,743
Commissions from loans operations |  | 368,893 |  | 950,232 | ​ | 960,528
Other Commissions | ​ | 34,770,240 |  | 25,650,838 | ​ | 30,471,421
Total |  | 93,125,252 |  | 94,478,177 | ​ | 101,091,634

​

15.18 Service fee expenses

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Commissions paid |  | 23,620,557 |  | 32,604,729 | ​ | 30,075,296
Export and foreign currency operations |  | 555,520 |  | 787,995 | ​ | 742,947
Total |  | 24,176,077 |  | 33,392,724 | ​ | 30,818,243

​

15.19 Income from insurance activities

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Accrued premiums - Under IFRS 4 |  | — |  | — | ​ | 21,665,483
Accrued losses - Under IFRS 4 |  | — |  | — | ​ | (4,228,281)
Production expenses Under IFRS 4 |  | — |  | — | ​ | (3,659,805)
Insurance revenue | ​ | 18,566,744 |  | 19,169,750 | ​ | —
Insurance service expenses | ​ | (5,743,306) |  | (5,905,884) | ​ | —
Net expenses from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | (111,599) |  | (398,421) | ​ | —
Broker activity operations | ​ | 1,719,474 |  | 1,238,709 | ​ | —
Total |  | 14,431,313 |  | 14,104,154 | ​ | 13,777,397

​

15.20 Other operating income

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Reversal of allowance for loan losses and assets written down |  | 5,502,611 |  | 10,127,903 |  | 10,395,360
Insurance commissions |  | — |  | — |  | 1,535
Rental from safety boxes |  | 2,050,948 |  | 2,375,006 |  | 2,332,362
Returns of risk funds | ​ | — | ​ | 4,867,260 | ​ | 7,524,773
Commissions from trust services |  | 178,265 |  | 253,243 |  | 270,489
Adjustment of various credits | ​ | 2,472,547 | ​ | 1,363,146 | ​ | 1,039,392
Sale of fixed assets | ​ | 4,567 |  | 89,106 |  | 54,322
Punitive interest | ​ | 2,318,899 | ​ | 2,056,982 | ​ | 1,775,727
Others |  | 11,160,910 |  | 11,538,428 |  | 9,222,204
Total |  | 23,688,747 |  | 32,671,074 |  | 32,616,164

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

15.21 Personnel expenses

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Payroll and social securities |  | 150,064,085 |  | 154,276,818 |  | 143,807,941
Others expenses |  | 10,331,367 |  | 13,548,690 |  | 11,429,240
Total |  | 160,395,452 |  | 167,825,508 |  | 155,237,181

​

15.22 Administrative expenses

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Directors´ and statutory auditors’fees |  | 3,291,819 |  | 2,484,677 |  | 2,468,332
Professional fees |  | 25,006,003 |  | 25,862,516 |  | 27,265,430
Advertising and publicity |  | 4,737,212 |  | 6,893,010 |  | 6,966,569
Taxes |  | 20,408,129 |  | 20,091,751 |  | 20,511,740
Maintenance, security and services |  | 19,653,248 |  | 21,561,754 |  | 24,972,701
Rent |  | 66,400 |  | 245,871 |  | 476,043
Others |  | 11,275,883 |  | 11,807,229 |  | 10,486,259
Total |  | 84,438,694 |  | 88,946,808 |  | 93,147,074

​

15.23 Depreciation and impairment of non-financial assets

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment |  | 4,628,095 |  | 5,610,128 |  | 5,049,540
Depreciation of other non-financial assets |  | 2,833,824 |  | 2,333,661 |  | 1,822,902
Depreciation of intangible assets |  | 13,988,733 |  | 15,241,255 |  | 12,326,178
Depreciation of right-of-use assets | ​ | 6,480,621 |  | 5,962,164 |  | 6,429,230
Impairment of goodwill | ​ | 4,000,000 |  | 2,300,595 |  | 1,899
Total |  | 31,931,273 |  | 31,447,803 |  | 25,629,749

​

15.24 Other operating expenses

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2021
Promotions related with credit cards |  | 4,750,720 |  | 5,400,008 |  | 5,516,101
Turnover tax |  | 54,968,898 |  | 53,620,247 |  | 49,385,226
Fair value on initial recognition of loans |  | 207,342 |  | 479,836 |  | 1,193,719
Contributions made to deposit insurance system |  | 2,350,765 |  | 2,787,276 |  | 2,981,108
Loan and credit card balance adjustments | ​ | 1,241,563 |  | 3,047,451 |  | 1,138,924
Interest on liabilities for financial leases | ​ | 33,690 |  | 1,555,148 |  | 1,633,744
Coverage services | ​ | 27,556 |  | 42,850 |  | 99,604
Others allowances | ​ | 10,957,512 |  | 7,279,351 |  | 3,615,679
Devaluation of investment properties | ​ | 7,012,278 |  | 2,503,275 |  | 2,675,231
Others |  | 12,739,388 |  | 6,209,579 |  | 3,631,010
Total |  | 94,289,712 |  | 82,925,021 |  | 71,870,346

​

​

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​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The provisions recorded are detailed below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Legal issues |  | 2,265,015 |  | 613,965
Labor lawsuits |  | 203,105 |  | 1,808,248
Tax |  | 4,193,611 |  | 566,233
Unused Balances of Credit Cards |  | 1,456,978 |  | 1,387,991
Charges to be paid to National Social Security Administration |  | — |  | 422,505
Judicial Deposits |  | 217,559 |  | 147,756
Eventual commitments |  | 411,663 |  | 271,445
Reorganization expenses | ​ | 6,000,000 | ​ | —
Others |  | 149,736 |  | 49,803
Total |  | 14,897,667 |  | 5,267,946

​

​

17. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Related parties are those entities that directly, or indirectly through other entities, have control over another, are under the same controlling party or may have significant influence on another entity’s financial or operating decisions.

Grupo Supervielle controls another entity when it has power over other entities’ financial and operating decisions and also receives benefits from such entity. The subsidiaries that Grupo Supervielle has control are detailed in Note 1.2. On the other hand, Grupo Supervielle considers that it has joint control when there is an agreement to share control of an entity and decisions about relevant activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.

Finally, those cases in which Grupo Supervielle has significant influence is due to the power to influence the financial and operating decisions of another entity but not being able to exercise control over them. To determine these situations, not only the legal aspects are observed, but also the nature and substantiation of the relationship.

Furthermore, the key personnel of Grupo Supervielle’s Management (Board of Directors members and Managers of Grupo Supervielle and its subsidiaries) are considered as related parties.

Controlling Interest

The majority shareholder of the Group is Mr. Julio Patricio Supervielle, who has established his domicile at 330 Reconquista Street, in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Mr. Julio Patricio Supervielle is the main shareholder of Grupo Supervielle. Julio Patricio Supervielle´s interest in share capital and votes of Grupo Supervielle as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is 29.86% and 35.12% respectively.

Remuneration of key personnel

The remuneration received by the key personnel of Grupo Supervielle as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 amounts to $5,305.0 million and $3,982.9 million, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Transactions with related parties

The financings, including those that were restructured, were granted in the normal course of business and on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and guarantees, as those in force at the time to grant credit to non-related parties. Likewise, they did not imply a risk of bad debts greater than normal nor did they present any other type of unfavorable conditions.

The following table presents the aggregate amounts of total consolidated financial exposure of the Bank to related parties, the number of recipients, the average amounts and the single largest exposures as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | As of |  | As of
​ | ​ | December 31, 2023 | ​ | December 31, 2022 (*)
Aggregate total financial exposure |  | 1,778,169 |  | 673,747
Number of recipient related parties |  | 80 |  | 80
(a) Individuals |  | 68 |  | 70
(b) Companies |  | 12 |  | 10
Average total financial exposure |  | 22,227 |  | 8,422
Single largest exposure |  | 1,387,195 |  | 358,255
(*) Historical values as of December 31, 2023, without adjusment for inflation. |  | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

The financing, including those that were restructured, was granted in the normal course of business and on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and guarantees, as those in force at the time for granting credit to unrelated parties. Likewise, they did not imply a risk of bad debts greater than normal nor did they present other types of unfavorable conditions.

​

​

18. INSURANCE

The opening of the assets and liabilities of insurance contracts as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is detailed below. The insurance results for the periods ending on that date are also detailed:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Insurance contract assets |  |  |  |
Assets for remaining coverage |  | 1,723,106 |  | 2,089,921
Liability for incurred claim - present value of future cash flow | ​ | (513,344) | ​ | (949,094)
Liability for incurred claim - risk adjustment for non-financial risk | ​ | (22,697) | ​ | (44,541)
Net balance |  | 1,187,065 |  | 1,096,286
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Reinsurance contract liabilities |  |  |  |
Assets for remaining coverage |  | (24,794) |  | (192,886)
Incurred claims for contracts under the PAA |  | 19,762 |  | 5,048
Net balance |  | (5,032) |  | (187,838)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balances from brokers operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Assets from brokers operations | ​ | 1,020 | ​ | 6,506
Liability from brokers operations | ​ | (41,453) | ​ | (13,131)
Net balance |  | (40,433) |  | (6,625)

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Insurance revenue from contracts measured under the PAA |  | 18,566,744 |  | 19,169,750
Insurance revenue |  | 18,566,744 |  | 19,169,750
Incurred claims | ​ | (2,576,344) | ​ | (3,162,593)
Acquisition and administrative expenses | ​ | (3,166,962) | ​ | (2,743,291)
Insurance service expenses |  | (5,743,306) |  | (5,905,884)
Allocation of reinsurance premiums |  | (148,589) |  | (410,689)
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers for incurred claims |  | 36,990 |  | 12,268
Net expenses from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | (111,599) | ​ | (398,421)
Insurance service result - NIIF 17 | ​ | 12,711,839 | ​ | 12,865,445
Broker activity operations | ​ | 1,719,474 | ​ | 1,238,709
Income from insurance activities |  | 14,431,313 |  | 14,104,154

​

Reconciliation of the liability for remaining coverage and the liability for incurred claims

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Incurred claims for contracts under the PAA | ​ | ​
Reinsurance contracts held at December 31, 2023 | ​ | Remaining coverage | ​ | Present value of future cash flows | ​ | Total
Reinsurance contract liabilities | ​ | (192,886) | ​ | 5,048 | ​ | (187,838)
Net balance as at January 1, 2023 | ​ | (192,886) | ​ | 5,048 | ​ | (187,838)
Net income (expenses) from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Allocation of reinsurance premiums | ​ | (148,589) | ​ | — | ​ | (148,589)
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers for incurred claims | ​ | — | ​ | 36,990 | ​ | 36,990
Net income (expenses) from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | (148,589) | ​ | 36,990 | ​ | (111,599)
IAS29 + finance income from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | 79,778 | ​ | 504 | ​ | 80,282
Total amounts recognised in comprehensive income | ​ | (68,811) | ​ | 37,494 | ​ | (31,317)
Cash flows | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Premiums paid net of ceding commissions and other directly attributable expenses paid | ​ | 251,858 | ​ | — | ​ | 251,858
Recoveries from reinsurance | ​ | (14,955) | ​ | (22,780) | ​ | (37,735)
Total cash flows | ​ | 236,903 | ​ | (22,780) | ​ | 214,123
Net balance as at December 31, 2023 | ​ | (24,794) | ​ | 19,762 | ​ | (5,032)

​

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Incurred claims for contracts under the PAA | ​ | ​
Reinsurance contracts held at December 31, 2022 | ​ | Remaining coverage | ​ | Present value of future cash flows | ​ | Total
Reinsurance contract liabilities | ​ | (158,019) | ​ | 8,515 | ​ | (149,504)
Net balance as at January 1, 2022 | ​ | (158,019) | ​ | 8,515 | ​ | (149,504)
Net income (expenses) from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Allocation of reinsurance premiums | ​ | (410,689) | ​ | - | ​ | (410,689)
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers for incurred claims | ​ | - | ​ | 12,268 | ​ | 12,268
Net income (expenses) from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | (410,689) | ​ | 12,268 | ​ | (398,421)
IAS29 + finance income from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | 109,240 | ​ | 485 | ​ | 109,725
Total amounts recognised in comprehensive income | ​ | (301,449) | ​ | 12,753 | ​ | (288,696)
Cash flows | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Premiums paid net of ceding commissions and other directly attributable expenses paid | ​ | 279,798 | ​ | - | ​ | 279,798
Recoveries from reinsurance | ​ | (13,216) | ​ | (16,220) | ​ | (29,436)
Total cash flows | ​ | 266,582 | ​ | (16,220) | ​ | 250,362
Net balance as at December 31, 2022 | ​ | (192,886) | ​ | 5,048 | ​ | (187,838)

​

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2023 | ​ | ​
Insurance contracts issued | ​ | ​ | ​ | LIC for contracts under the PAA | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | LRC | ​ | Present value of future cash flows | ​ | Risk adj. for non-fin. risk | ​ | Total
Insurance contract assets | ​ | 2,089,921 | ​ | (949,094) | ​ | (44,541) | ​ | 1,096,286
Net balance as at January 1, 2023 | ​ | 2,089,921 | ​ | (949,094) | ​ | (44,541) | ​ | 1,096,286
Insurance revenue | ​ | 18,566,744 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 18,566,744
Insurance service expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Incurred claims and other directly attributable expenses | ​ | — | ​ | (5,035,808) | ​ | 21,844 | ​ | (5,013,964)
Insurance acquisition cashflows | ​ | (729,342) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (729,342)
Insurance service expenses | ​ | (729,342) | ​ | (5,035,808) | ​ | 21,844 | ​ | (5,743,306)
Insurance service result | ​ | 17,837,402 | ​ | (5,035,808) | ​ | 21,844 | ​ | 12,823,438
IAS29 + net financial expenses for insurance contracts | ​ | (5,829,716) | ​ | (48,897) | ​ | — | ​ | (5,878,613)
Total amounts recognised in comprehensive income | ​ | 12,007,686 | ​ | (5,084,705) | ​ | 21,844 | ​ | 6,944,825
Cash flows | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Premiums received | ​ | (13,244,962) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (13,244,962)
Claims and other directly attributable expenses paid | ​ | — | ​ | 5,520,455 | ​ | — | ​ | 5,520,455
Insurance acquisition cashflows | ​ | 870,461 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 870,461
Total cash flows | ​ | (12,374,501) | ​ | 5,520,455 | ​ | — | ​ | (6,854,046)
Net balance as at December 31, 2023 | ​ | 1,723,106 | ​ | (513,344) | ​ | (22,697) | ​ | 1,187,065

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2022 | ​ | ​
Insurance contracts issued | ​ | ​ | ​ | LIC for contracts under the PAA | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | LRC | ​ | Present value of future cash flows | ​ | Risk adj. for non-fin. risk | ​ | Total
Insurance contract assets | ​ | 1,608,433 | ​ | (1,184,455) | ​ | (53,226) | ​ | 370,752
Net balance as at January 1, 2022 | ​ | 1,608,433 | ​ | (1,184,455) | ​ | (53,226) | ​ | 370,752
Insurance revenue | ​ | 19,169,750 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 19,169,750
Insurance service expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Incurred claims and other directly attributable expenses | ​ | — | ​ | (5,410,292) | ​ | 8,685 | ​ | (5,401,607)
Insurance acquisition cashflows | ​ | (504,277) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (504,277)
Insurance service expenses | ​ | (504,277) | ​ | (5,410,292) | ​ | 8,685 | ​ | (5,905,884)
Insurance service result | ​ | 18,665,473 | ​ | (5,410,292) | ​ | 8,685 | ​ | 13,263,866
IAS29 + net financial expenses for insurance contracts | ​ | (3,388,158) | ​ | (67,905) | ​ | — | ​ | (3,456,063)
Total amounts recognised in comprehensive income | ​ | 15,277,315 | ​ | (5,478,197) | ​ | 8,685 | ​ | 9,807,803
Cash flows | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Premiums received | ​ | (15,215,670) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (15,215,670)
Claims and other directly attributable expenses paid | ​ | — | ​ | 5,713,558 | ​ | — | ​ | 5,713,558
Insurance acquisition cashflows | ​ | 419,843 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 419,843
Total cash flows | ​ | (14,795,827) | ​ | 5,713,558 | ​ | — | ​ | (9,082,269)
Net balance as at December 31, 2022 | ​ | 2,089,921 | ​ | (949,094) | ​ | (44,541) | ​ | 1,096,286

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

b. Income from insurances activities

The composition of the item “Result for insurance activities” as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is disclosed in Note 15.19.

​

​

19. ASSET MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, Banco Supervielle S.A. is the depository of the Asset managed by Supervielle Asset Management S.A.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
| ​ | Portfolio |  | Net Worth |  | Number of Units
Asset Management and Other Services |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 | ​ | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 | ​ | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Premier Renta CP en Pesos |  | 380,619,005 |  | 316,582,012 |  | 380,172,685 |  | 316,166,149 |  | 30,510,651,741 |  | 16,191,115,975
Premier Renta Plus en Pesos |  | 3,260,932 |  | 2,090,125 |  | 3,247,937 |  | 2,084,021 |  | 48,164,279 |  | 21,721,110
Premier Renta Fija Ahorro |  | 24,617,614 |  | 40,187,284 |  | 24,116,283 |  | 39,784,914 |  | 227,991,276 |  | 712,483,562
Premier Renta Fija Crecimiento |  | 17,913,457 |  | 641,244 |  | 17,902,111 |  | 639,560 |  | 9,532,812,035 |  | 4,920,585
Premier Renta Variable |  | 5,434,772 |  | 1,866,615 |  | 5,391,565 |  | 1,819,387 |  | 12,205,660 |  | 5,946,886
Premier Abierto Pymes |  | 6,595,058 |  | 3,994,108 |  | 6,584,296 |  | 3,850,229 |  | 142,666,395 |  | 75,458,259
Premier Commodities |  | 3,683,693 |  | 3,265,006 |  | 2,855,401 |  | 2,503,929 |  | 22,338,558 |  | 24,979,798
Premier Capital |  | 17,873,205 |  | 20,829,260 |  | 16,706,424 |  | 20,711,697 |  | 380,115,435 |  | 476,377,885
Premier Inversión |  | 1,700,578 |  | 3,937,376 |  | 1,641,637 |  | 3,935,483 |  | 342,850,074 |  | 1,052,023,732
Premier Balanceado |  | 2,024,585 |  | 5,261,344 |  | 2,023,195 |  | 4,268,732 |  | 32,648,809 |  | 102,340,389
Premier Renta Mixta |  | 27,039,839 |  | 11,850,160 |  | 26,844,120 |  | 11,821,402 |  | 2,641,477,623 |  | 616,247,881
Premier Renta Mixta en Dólares |  | 2,727,823 |  | 882,545 |  | 2,673,654 |  | 740,786 |  | 4,995,316 |  | 2,569,639
Premier Performance Dólares |  | 10,878,143 |  | 1,688,421 |  | 10,598,408 |  | 1,672,424 |  | 15,351,225 |  | 4,468,523
Premier Global USD |  | 591,810 |  | 206,295 |  | 577,257 |  | 203,536 |  | 640,443 |  | 321,553
Premier Estratégico | ​ | 7,390,764 |  | 4,565,186 |  | 7,385,116 |  | 4,561,157 |  | 832,710,848 |  | 832,710,848
Premier FCI Sustentable ASG |  | 327,434 |  | — |  | 326,726 |  | — |  | 172,449,306 |  | —

​

​

20. CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEPOSIT INSURANCE SYSTEM

Law No. 24485 and Decree No. 540/95 established the creation of the Deposit Insurance System to cover the risk attached to bank deposits, in addition to the system of privileges and safeguards envisaged in the Financial Institutions Law.

The National Executive Branch through Decree No. 1127/98 dated September 24, 1998, established the maximum amount for this insurance system to demand deposits and time deposits denominated either in Pesos and/or in foreign currency. Such limit was set at $1,000 as from March 1, 2019 and increased to 1,500 as of May 1, 2020. As of January 1, 2023 the limit is established at 6,000.

This regime does not include deposits made by other financial institutions (including time deposit certificates acquired through a secondary transaction), deposits made by persons directly or indirectly related to the entity, deposits of securities, acceptances or guarantees at an interest rate higher than that periodically set forth by the Argentine Central Bank on the basis of the daily survey carried out by that agency (*) and term deposits and investments that exceed said rate by 1.3 times or the reference rate plus 5 percentage points, whichever is greater (*). Excluded from the regime are also the deposits whose ownership was acquired through endorsement and placements offering incentives additional to the interest rate. The system has been implemented through the creation of the so-called “Deposit Guarantee Fund" (FGD), which is managed by the company Seguros de Depósitos S.A. (SEDESA) and whose shareholders are the Central Bank and the financial institutions in the proportion determined for each of them by that agency on the basis of contributions made to such fund.

​

(*) Enforced on April 17, 2020, pursuant to communication “A” 6460, such exclusions are as follows: demand deposits with agreed-upon rates exceeding reference rates and term deposits and investments exceeding 1,3 times such rate. Reference rates are released on a

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

regular basis by the Argentine Central Bank in accordance with a mobile average of the last five banking business days of passive rates that may arise for term deposits of up to 100 (or its equivalent in other currencies) from the survey to be carried out by said institution

​

21. RESTRICTED ASSETS

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the following Grupo Supervielle’s assets are restricted:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Item |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Financial assets in guarantee |  |  |  |
Special guarantee accounts in the Argentine Central Bank |  | 21,763,021 |  | 32,058,218
Guarantee deposits for currency forward transactions |  | 11,193,935 |  | 8,419,865
Guarantee deposits for credit cards transactions |  | 2,676,321 |  | 3,109,343
Other guarantee deposits |  | 9,776,635 |  | 1,469,103
​ | ​ | 45,409,912 |  | 45,056,529

​

Within restricted availability assets there are $972,694 forward purchases through repo transactions.

​

22. FINANCIAL TRUSTS

The detail of the financial trusts in which Grupo Supervielle acts as Trustee or as a Settler is summarized below:

As Trustee:

Banco Supervielle S.A.

Below is a detail of financial trusts:

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Below is a detail of the Guarantee Management trust where the Bank acts as a trustee as of December 31, 2023:

​

Financial trust | Indenture executed on | Due of principal obligation | Original principal amount | Principal balance | Beneficiaries | Settlers
Fideicomiso de Administración Interconexión 500 KV ET Nueva San Juan - ET Rodeo Iglesia | 09/12/2018 | The duration of this Trust FundContract will be 24 months as from 09/12/2018, or termination of payment obligations through disbursements (the “termination date”). After 30 (thirty days) days of the end of the term of the trust contract without the parties having agreed on an extension fee, the trust will be considered extinguished without the possibility of extension, with the trustee receiving, from the trust account, the sum of pesos equivalent to U$D 6,000 (six thousand US dollars) at the current purchasing exchange rate at Banco Supervielle as a penalty. Dated 10/14/2023 Interconnection Eléctrica Rodeo S.A. accepted the proposal of the Commission for Extension and Extension of the Trust Contract for 6 month. | - | - | Those initially mentioned (DISERVEL S.R.L., INGENIAS S.R.L, GEOTECNIA (INV. CALVENTE), NEWEN INGENIERIA S.A., INGICIAP S.A., MERCADOS ENERGETICOS, DISERVEL S.R.L.) and providers of works, goods and services included in the Project to be assigned by the Trustee with prior consent of the Trustor | Interconexión Electrica Rodeo S.A.

​

As Settler:

​

Micro Lending Financial Trust

The following are financial trusts where Micro Lending S.A.U acts as settler:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | Securitized | ​ | Issued Securities
Financial Trust |  | Set-up on |  | Amount |  | Type |  | Amount |  | Type |  | Amount |  | Type |  | Amount
III |  | 06/08/2011 | ​ | $ | 39,779 |  | VDF TV A |  | VN$31,823 |  | VDF B |  | NV $6,364 |  | Participation certificate |  | VN $1,592
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Exp date: 03/12/13 | ​ | ​ |  | Exp date: 11/12/13 | ​ | ​ |  | Exp date: 10/12/16 | ​ | ​
IV |  | 09/01/2011 | ​ | $ | 40,652 |  | VDF TV A |  | VN$32,522 |  | VDF B |  | NV $6,504 |  | Participation certificate |  | VN $1,626
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Exp date: 06/20/13 | ​ | ​ |  | Exp date: 10/20/13 | ​ | ​ |  | Exp date: 06/29/17 | ​ | ​

​

​

23. ISSUANCE OF DEBT SECURITIES

Banco Supervielle S.A.

Unsubordinated Debt Securities

Global Program for the issuance of simple Negotiable Debt securities, not convertible into shares

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

As of December 31, 2023, the Group has no current debt issues related to this Program and as of December 31, 2022, debt related to this Program amounted to $1,748,271.

24. RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF DIVIDENDS

Pursuant to regulations set by the Argentine Central Bank, 20% of the profits for the year, net of possible prior year adjustments, were applicable, are to be allocated to the Legal Reserve.

Pursuant to the amended text on distributions of dividends, financial entities shall comply with a series of requirements, as follows: i) They shall not be subject to the provisions of Sections 34 and 35 bis of the Financial Institutions Law; ii) No liquidity assistance loans shall have been granted to them; iii) they shall be in compliance with information regimes; iv) they shall not record shortfalls in the compiled minimum capital (without computing for such purposes the effects of the individual exemptions granted by the Superintendence of Financial and Foreign Exchange Institutions) or minimum cash, v) they shall have complied with additional capital margin when applicable.

The entities not facing any of these situations may distribute dividends in accordance with provisions set forth in said amended text, provided the entity´s liquidity or solvency is not jeopardized.

It should be noted that through Communication “A” 6464 the BCRA established that until March 31, 2020, financial entities that, have not increased the capital conservation margins to determine the distributable result by 1 additional percentage point must have prior authorization from the SEFyC for the distribution of results.

On August 30, 2019 and with the objective of stabilizing the exchange market, the BCRA established through Communication “A” 6768 that financial entities, in order to proceed with the distribution of their results, must have prior authorization from the Superintendence of Financial and Exchange Entities. In said authorization process, the Superintendencewill take into consideration, among other elements, the potential effects of the application of international accounting standards according to Communication "A" 6430 (Point 5.5 of IFRS 9 - Impairment of financial assets) as well as the effects of the restatement of financial statements provided for by Communication "A" 6651.

On March 9, 2023, through Communication “A” 7719, the Central Bank authorized financial entities to distribute results for up to 40% of the accumulated retained earnings until December 31, 2023. This distribution could be made from April 1, 2023, until December 31, 2023, prior Central Bank approval, in 6 equal, monthly and consecutive installments.

As indicated in Note 32, as a consequence of the share purchase program, as of December 31, 2023, $5,166,412 treasury shares were held in the portfolio. In accordance with the provisions of Title IV, Chapter III, article 3, paragraph 11, item c of the CNV Rules. (N.T. 2013 and mod.) while these shares are held in the portfolio, there is a restriction on the distribution of retained earnings and free reserves equal to the cost of those shares held in treasury.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Our shareholders' equity under the rules of the Argentine Central Bank comprise the following captions:

​

​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2023
Capital stock |  | 442,672
Inflation adjustment of capital stock |  | 27,960,909
Paid in capital |  | 254,538,548
Treasury shares | ​ | 14,050
Inflation adjustment of treasury shares | ​ | 2,944,946
Cost of treasury shares | ​ | (5,166,412)
Other reserves |  | 4,307,608
Retained earnings |  | 51,354,318
Other comprehensive Income |  | 6,389,921
Total shareholders’ equity attributable to the owners of the parent under the rules of the Argentine Central Bank |  | 342,786,560

​

​

​

​

25. LOANS AND OTHER FINANCING

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022 the composition of the loan portfolio is as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total as of
​ | ​ | Assets Before Allowances | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | Stage 1 |  | Stage 2 |  | Stage 3 |  | 2023
Promissory notes |  | 69,528,350 |  | 798,561 |  | 453,933 |  | 70,780,844
Unsecured corporate loans |  | 94,147,532 |  | 1,789,054 |  | 526,952 |  | 96,463,538
Overdrafts |  | 41,749,574 |  | 1,395,503 |  | 551,809 |  | 43,696,886
Mortgage loans |  | 48,862,769 |  | 3,574,987 |  | 1,514,022 |  | 53,951,778
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 12,769,662 |  | 2,298,694 |  | 258,972 |  | 15,327,328
Personal loans |  | 43,000,760 |  | 7,283,041 |  | 1,615,016 |  | 51,898,817
Credit card loans |  | 65,526,273 |  | 8,625,173 |  | 1,659,828 |  | 75,811,274
Foreign Trade Loans |  | 23,287,364 |  | 4,009,797 |  | 5,625,562 |  | 32,922,723
Other financings |  | 36,981,673 |  | 1,457,017 |  | — |  | 38,438,690
Other receivables from financial transactions |  | 483,950 |  | 132,241 |  | 4,063 |  | 620,254
Receivables from financial leases |  | 18,059,791 |  | 1,833,245 |  | 98,744 |  | 19,991,780
Subtotal |  | 454,397,698 |  | 33,197,313 |  | 12,308,901 |  | 499,903,912
Allowances for loan losses |  | (4,559,430) |  | (5,097,963) |  | (7,791,435) |  | (17,448,828)
Total | ​ | 449,838,268 | ​ | 28,099,350 | ​ | 4,517,466 | ​ | 482,455,084

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​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total as of
​ | ​ | Assets Before Allowances | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | Stage 1 |  | Stage 2 |  | Stage 3 |  | 2022
Promissory notes |  | 106,340,398 |  | 1,054,451 |  | 417,688 |  | 107,812,537
Unsecured corporate loans |  | 123,583,042 |  | 1,090,559 |  | 4,127,696 |  | 128,801,297
Overdrafts |  | 44,092,669 |  | 630,267 |  | 540,015 |  | 45,262,951
Mortgage loans |  | 69,664,409 |  | 6,243,262 |  | 2,209,939 |  | 78,117,610
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 19,532,565 |  | 3,945,158 |  | 1,261,814 |  | 24,739,537
Personal loans |  | 92,037,962 |  | 19,148,300 |  | 8,045,266 |  | 119,231,528
Credit card loans |  | 127,210,714 |  | 19,109,434 |  | 7,333,522 |  | 153,653,670
Foreign Trade Loans |  | 40,165,053 |  | 5,760,515 |  | 4,610,063 |  | 50,535,631
Other financings |  | 15,348,477 |  | 505,380 |  | 206,750 |  | 16,060,607
Other receivables from financial transactions |  | 8,445,341 |  | 283,228 |  | 304,912 |  | 9,033,481
Receivables from financial leases |  | 32,534,029 |  | 631,717 |  | 120,559 |  | 33,286,305
Subtotal |  | 678,954,659 |  | 58,402,271 |  | 29,178,224 |  | 766,535,154
Allowances for loan losses |  | (9,453,324) |  | (9,112,579) |  | (19,494,502) |  | (38,060,405)
Total |  | 669,501,335 |  | 49,289,692 |  | 9,683,722 |  | 728,474,749

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Other guarantees granted | ​ | 93,364,567 | ​ | 39,550,577
Responsibilities for foreign trade loans | ​ | 12,785,060 | ​ | 3,983,919
Documentary loans | ​ | 4,761,804 | ​ | 6,100,750
Overdrafts | ​ | 569,642 | ​ | 760,987
Total eventual responsability | ​ | 111,481,073 | ​ | 50,396,233

​

​

Expected Credit Loss Allowance

Expected credit loss allowance recognised in the period is affected by a range of factors as follows:

| ● | Transfers between Stage 1 and Stage 2 or 3 due to financial instruments experiencing significant increases (or decreases) of credit risk or becoming credit-impaired in the period, and the consequent "step up" (or "step down") between 12 months and Lifetime;

| ● | Additional allowances for new financial instruments recognized during the period, as well as releases for financial instruments de-recognized during the period;

| ● | Impact on the measurement of ECL of changes in PDs, EADs and LGDs in the period, resulting from the regular updating of model inputs;

| ● | Impact on the measurement of ECL as a result of changes in models and assumptions;

| ● | Discount unwind within ECL due to passage of time, as ECL is measured on a present value basis;

| ● | Foreign exchange retranslations for assets denominated in foreign currencies and other movements; and

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

| ● | Financial assets derecognised during the period and write-offs of allowances related to assets that were written off during the period.

The following charts explain changes in the provision for credit risk between the beginning and end of the period due to the following factors:

An analysis of changes in the gross carrying amount and the corresponding ECL allowance is, as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Assets Before Allowances |  | ECL Allowance
​ |  | Stage 1 |  | Stage 2 |  | Stage 3 |  | Total |  | Stage 1 |  | Stage 2 |  | Stage 3 |  | Total
Balance at the beginning of the year |  | 678,954,659 |  | 58,402,271 |  | 29,178,224 |  | 766,535,154 |  | 9,453,324 |  | 9,112,579 |  | 19,494,502 |  | 38,060,405
Transfers |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Stage 1 to 2 |  | (3,914,111) |  | 3,914,111 |  | — |  | — |  | (145,737) | ​ | 341,203 | ​ | — |  | 195,466
Stage 1 to 3 |  | (303,408) |  | — |  | 303,408 |  | — |  | (4,896) | ​ | — | ​ | 224,691 |  | 219,795
Stage 2 to 3 |  | — |  | (202,208) |  | 202,208 |  | — |  | — | ​ | (14,909) | ​ | 85,417 |  | 70,508
Stage 2 to 1 |  | 2,482,348 |  | (2,482,348) |  | — |  | — |  | 42,549 | ​ | (111,414) | ​ | — |  | (68,865)
Stage 3 to 2 |  | — |  | 38,181 |  | (38,181) |  | — |  | — | ​ | 5,016 | ​ | (20,379) |  | (15,363)
Stage 3 to 1 |  | 25,952 |  | — |  | (25,952) |  | — |  | 490 | ​ | — | ​ | (11,092) |  | (10,602)
Additions | ​ | 437,486,557 |  | — |  | — |  | 437,486,557 | ​ | 11,353,751 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 11,353,751
Disposals | ​ | (170,758,908) |  | (11,739,962) |  | (7,085,326) |  | (189,584,196) | ​ | (12,267,665) | ​ | (2,564,209) | ​ | (5,202,920) | ​ | (20,034,794)
Interest accrual | ​ | 59,400,087 |  | 3,619,436 |  | 5,060,605 |  | 68,080,128 | ​ | 53,229 | ​ | 299,254 | ​ | 2,677,636 | ​ | 3,030,119
Write-Offs |  | (1,839,190) |  | (4,207,426) |  | (9,586,970) |  | (15,633,586) |  | (1,839,190) | ​ | (4,207,426) | ​ | (9,586,970) |  | (15,633,586)
Portfolio sale |  | — |  | — |  | (5,814,155) |  | (5,814,155) |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | (5,662,526) |  | (5,662,526)
Exchange Differences and Others |  | 6,157,397 |  | 17,929,896 |  | 7,439,173 |  | 31,526,466 | ​ | 2,779,792 | ​ | 5,849,164 | ​ | 14,384,334 |  | 23,013,290
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money | ​ | (553,293,685) |  | (32,074,638) |  | (7,324,133) |  | (592,692,456) | ​ | (4,866,217) | ​ | (3,611,295) | ​ | (8,591,258) | ​ | (17,068,770)
Gross carrying amount at December 31, 2023 |  | 454,397,698 |  | 33,197,313 |  | 12,308,901 | ​ | 499,903,912 | ​ | 4,559,430 | ​ | 5,097,963 | ​ | 7,791,435 |  | 17,448,828

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Assets Before Allowances |  | ECL Allowance
​ |  | Stage 1 |  | Stage 2 |  | Stage 3 |  | Total |  | Stage 1 |  | Stage 2 |  | Stage 3 |  | Total
Balance at the beginning of the year | ​ | 879,964,366 | ​ | 74,614,284 | ​ | 49,480,121 | ​ | 1,004,058,771 | ​ | 11,072,145 | ​ | 16,028,693 | ​ | 33,849,316 | ​ | 60,950,154
Transfers |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Stage 1 to 2 |  | (18,688,877) |  | 18,688,877 |  | — |  | — |  | (239,529) | ​ | 1,487,641 | ​ | — |  | 1,248,112
Stage 1 to 3 |  | (2,101,531) |  | — |  | 2,101,531 |  | — |  | (39,434) | ​ | — | ​ | 2,032,421 |  | 1,992,987
Stage 2 to 3 |  | — |  | (1,652,737) |  | 1,652,737 |  | — |  | — | ​ | (286,483) | ​ | 1,362,499 |  | 1,076,016
Stage 2 to 1 |  | 11,262,861 |  | (11,262,861) |  | — |  | — |  | (7,256) | ​ | (2,067,638) | ​ | — |  | (2,074,894)
Stage 3 to 2 |  | — |  | 732,518 |  | (732,518) |  | — |  | — | ​ | (87,655) | ​ | (293,091) |  | (380,746)
Stage 3 to 1 |  | 656,849 |  | — |  | (656,849) |  | — |  | (92,806) | ​ | — | ​ | (230,302) |  | (323,108)
Additions |  | 407,434,273 |  | 27,119,635 |  | 9,013,943 |  | 443,567,851 |  | 3,249,561 | ​ | 3,616,371 | ​ | 7,647,421 |  | 14,513,353
Disposals |  | (218,516,270) |  | (13,635,329) |  | (7,438,591) |  | (239,590,190) |  | (1,318,045) | ​ | (2,427,827) | ​ | (5,162,127) |  | (8,907,999)
Net changes of financial assets | ​ | (381,600,438) |  | (25,556,814) |  | 2,464,795 |  | (404,692,457) |  | 3,614,000 | ​ | 3,752,961 | ​ | 9,800,873 |  | 17,167,834
Write-Offs | ​ | (1,479,934) |  | (1,834,191) |  | (9,199,278) |  | (12,513,403) |  | (1,479,934) | ​ | (1,834,191) | ​ | (9,199,278) |  | (12,513,403)
Exchange Differences and Others | ​ | 15,578,295 |  | 630,647 |  | 2,164,462 |  | 18,373,404 |  | 426,620 | ​ | 298,749 | ​ | 1,934,888 |  | 2,660,257
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money | ​ | (13,554,935) |  | (9,441,758) |  | (19,672,129) |  | (42,668,822) |  | (5,731,998) | ​ | (9,368,042) | ​ | (22,248,118) |  | (37,348,158)
Gross carrying amount at December 31, 2022 | ​ | 678,954,659 | ​ | 58,402,271 | ​ | 29,178,224 | ​ | 766,535,154 | ​ | 9,453,324 | ​ | 9,112,579 | ​ | 19,494,502 | ​ | 38,060,405

​

Collateral and other credit enhancements

Collateral is an instrument pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the event of default. The Entity accepts collateral as security before a potential breach on behalf of a debtor occurs.

The Argentine Central Bank classifies these guarantees in three types: Preferred "A" (considered self-settleable), Preferred "B" (made up by mortgage or pledge loans) and remaining guarantees (mainly bank guarantees and fines).

In virtue of the administration of collateral, Grupo Supervielle relies on a specific area devoted to the review of the legal compliance and suitable instrumentation of received collateral. In accordance with the type of collateral, the guarantors may be people or companies (in the case of mortgages, pledges, fines, guarantees and liquid funds) and international top level Financial Entities (for stand by letters of credit).

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Grupo Supervielle monitors collateral held for financial assets considered to be credit-impaired as it becomes more likely that Grupo Supervielle will take possession of collateral to mitigate potential credit losses.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Allowances | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross | ​ | for loans | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair value of
Credit Impaired loans | ​ | exposure | ​ | losses | ​ | Book value | ​ | collateral
Overdrafts |  | 551,809 | ​ | 507,461 | ​ | 44,348 | ​ | -
Financial Lease |  | 98,744 | ​ | 81,439 | ​ | 17,305 | ​ | 34,794
Promissory Notes |  | 453,933 | ​ | 342,285 | ​ | 111,648 | ​ | 73,270
Mortgage loans |  | 1,514,022 | ​ | 736,553 | ​ | 777,469 | ​ | 814,204
Personal loans |  | 1,615,016 | ​ | 1,532,260 | ​ | 82,756 | ​ | -
Pledge loans |  | 258,972 | ​ | 186,865 | ​ | 72,107 | ​ | 648,882
Credit cards |  | 1,659,828 | ​ | 1,565,436 | ​ | 94,392 | ​ | -
Other |  | 6,156,577 | ​ | 2,839,136 | ​ | 3,317,441 | ​ | 2,953,136
Total |  | 12,308,901 |  | 7,791,435 |  | 4,517,466 |  | 4,524,286

​

Write-off policy

Grupo Supervielle writes off, in whole or in part, when it has exhausted all practical recovery efforts and has concluded there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. Indicators that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery include: (i) ceasing enforcement activity and (ii) where Grupo Supervielle´s recovery method is foreclosing on collateral and the value of the collateral is such that there is no reasonable expectation of recovering in full.

Grupo Supervielle may write-off financial assets that are still subject to enforcement activity, The outstanding contractual amounts of such assets written off during the year ended on December 31, 2023 and 2022 amount to $9,090,153 and $24,494,621 respectively.Grupo Supervielle still seeks to recover amounts it is legally owed in full, but which have been partially written off due to no reasonable expectation of recovery.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12.31.2023 |  | 12.31.2022
Balance at the beginning of the year |  | 24,494,621 |  | 47,918,738
Additions |  | 15,633,586 |  | 12,513,403
Disposals |  | (17,335,542) |  | (27,877,484)
Cash collection |  | (4,148,993) |  | (5,848,535)
Portfolio sales |  | (830,666) |  | (443,214)
Condonation |  | (12,355,883) |  | (21,585,735)
Exchange differences and other movements |  | (13,702,512) |  | (8,060,036)
Gross carrying amount |  | 9,090,153 |  | 24,494,621

​

​

26. RISK MANAGEMENT POLICIES

Financial risk factors

Credit risk

The Integral Risk Committee approves credit risk strategies and policies submitted in accordance with recommendations provided by the Integral Risk Corporate Department, the Credit Corporate Department and commercial sectors and in compliance with regulations

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

set by the Argentine Central Bank. The credit strategy and policy is aimed at the development of commercial opportunities within the framework and conditions of Grupo Supervielle´s business plan, while keeping suitable caution levels in face of the risk.

Policies and procedures enable the definition of accurate aspects aimed at the deployment of Grupo Supervielle´s Strategy related to the administration of credit risk; which include Grupo Supervielle´s criteria to grant loans, credit benefits and powers, types of products and the way in which the structure is organized, among other aspects. Likewise, the Group has, on the one hand, a comprehensive risk management policy that details aspects linked to the governance of general fundamental risks and, on the other hand, specific manuals and procedures that contemplate, among others, the standards issued by the BCRA related to this matter.

Grupo Supervielle´s credit risk management policies are applied to corporate and individuals. To such ends, a customer segmentation has been defined for Corporate Banking and Personal and Business Banking.

Grupo Supervielle focuses on supporting companies belonging to sectors with potential, and successful in their activity. Within the range of credit products offered for the business segment, Grupo Supervielle aims to develop and lead the factoring and leasing market, as well as to be a benchmark in foreign trade.

Within Corporate Banking, we seek a solid proposal for medium and large companies' market, seeking to maintain proximity with clients through service centers, agreements with clients throughout their value chain, and providing agile responses through existing credit processes.

Regarding Personal and Business Banking, in addition to payroll and senior citizens segments, special focus is placed on Entrepreneurs and SMEs, SMEs as well as the Banks´s Identité segment.

Therefore, Grupo Supervielle relies on scoring and rating models to estimate probability of default (PD) for the different client portfolios. As for risk appetite framework, Grupo Supervielle relies on cut-offs for each risk-based segment that express the maximum risk to be assumed in terms of probability of default.

In addition to PD parameters, Grupo Supervielle relies on estimates of exposure at default (EAD) and loss given default (LGD) parameters with the purpose of estimating Group’s allowance for loan losses and the necessary economic capital to face unexpected losses that may arise due to credit risk.

Grupo Supervielle is aimed at keeping a diversified and atomized portfolio, in order to minimize risk concentration. To such ends, loan origination and client portfolio profiles are adjusted to each different circumstance. To this end, the entity has an indicators dashboard linked to the appetite for credit and concentration risk. The evolution of the NPL, Coverage and Cost of Risk indicators is monitored in relation to target limits established according to risk appetite and the strategy determined in the entity's business plan. Likewise, there is a portfolio limits scheme that measures balance concentration by debtor or economic group, the concentration of the main debtors, concentration by value chain, economic activities, portfolio by risk level based on the facility risk rating. and the exposure in foreign currency both at a total level and by product type.

​

Credit Risk Measurement Models

Grupo Supervielle relies on models aimed at estimating the distribution of potential credit losses in its credit portfolio, which depend on defaults by the counterparties (PD – Probability of Default), as well as the assumed exposure to such defaults (EAD – Exposure At Default) and the recoveries of each defaulted loan (LGD – Loss Given Default).

Based on this, systems were developed at Grupo Supervielle that calculate statistical forecasts, economic capital and Risk-Adjusted Return (RAROC) models in order to optimize management and decision-making.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Grupo Supervielle has deepened its work on the expected loss methodologies under IFRS 9, focusing on methodological improvements in the estimation of parameters (PD, EAD and LGD), aligning the definition of the parameters to the credit process. The forward looking model has been redesigned with the inclusion of a greater number of variables and openings, performing a periodic review of it in order to keep the expected loss model aligned with the macroeconomic vision.

Calculation of statistical forecasts

Based on the results of the PD (probability of default), EAD (exposure at default) and LGD (loss given default) estimates, the associated statistical forecast is calculated.

The exercises for the estimation of statistical forecasts are studies that aim to analyze the Group's own portfolio information in order to estimate, in global terms, the average value of the loss distribution function for an annual time horizon in healthy operations, and for the entire life of credits in those operations that are considered impaired (provisions for expected loss).

Economic Capital Calculation

The economic capital for credit risk is the difference between the portfolio’s value at risk (according to the confidence level for individuals of 99.9% and for companies of 99%) and the expected credit losses.

Grupo Supervielle relies on economic capital models for credit risk (one for individuals and another for companies). Such quantitative models include the exacerbation of capital by concentration risk and Securitization Risk. In the economic capital calculation models a one year holding period is used, except from factoring exposures where a six month holding period is used.

​

Counterparty Risk Management

Grupo Supervielle relies on a Counterparty’s Risk Map approved by the Credit Committee where the following limits are defined for each counterparty according to Grupo Supervielle’s risk appetite: credit exposure and settlement limits, foreign exchange settlement risk, securities settlement risk and Repo transactions settlement risk, among other.

Regarding the economic capital for the counterparty’s risk, it is included in the Economic Capital Quantitative Model for Credit Risk.

Loans written off

Those credits classified as unrecoverable are eliminated from assets, recognizing them in off-balance sheet accounts. Their balance as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 amounts to $9,090,153 and $24,494,621 respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Maximum Credit Risk Exposure

The following table contains an analysis of the maximum credit risk exposure:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | December 31, 2023
​ | ​ | ECL Staging | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Stage 1 | ​ | Stage 2 | ​ | Stage 3 | ​ | ​
Loan Type |  | 12-month ECL |  | Lifetime ECL |  | Lifetime ECL |  | Total
Promissory Notes |  | 69,528,350 |  | 798,561 |  | 453,933 |  | 70,780,844
Unsecured Corporate Loans |  | 94,147,532 |  | 1,789,054 |  | 526,952 |  | 96,463,538
Overdrafts |  | 51,728,612 |  | 1,695,518 |  | 551,809 |  | 53,975,939
Mortgage Loans |  | 48,862,769 |  | 3,574,987 |  | 1,514,022 |  | 53,951,778
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 12,769,662 |  | 2,298,694 |  | 258,972 |  | 15,327,328
Personal Loans |  | 43,000,760 |  | 7,283,041 |  | 1,615,016 |  | 51,898,817
Credit Card Loans |  | 142,659,542 |  | 13,689,194 |  | 1,659,828 |  | 158,008,564
Foreign Trade Loans | ​ | 23,287,364 |  | 4,009,797 |  | 5,625,562 |  | 32,922,723
Other Financings | ​ | 36,981,673 |  | 1,457,017 |  | — |  | 38,438,690
Other Receivables from Financial Transactions | ​ | 483,950 |  | 132,241 |  | 4,063 |  | 620,254
Receivables from Financial Leases |  | 18,059,791 |  | 1,833,245 |  | 98,744 |  | 19,991,780
Total |  | 541,510,005 |  | 38,561,349 |  | 12,308,901 |  | 592,380,255

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | December 31, 2022
​ | ​ | ECL Staging | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Stage 1 | ​ | Stage 2 | ​ | Stage 3 | ​ | ​
Loan Type |  | 12-month ECL |  | Lifetime ECL |  | Lifetime ECL |  | Total
Promissory Notes |  | 106,340,398 |  | 1,054,451 |  | 417,688 |  | 107,812,537
Unsecured Corporate Loans |  | 123,583,042 |  | 1,090,559 |  | 4,127,696 |  | 128,801,297
Overdrafts |  | 58,650,927 |  | 797,854 |  | 540,015 |  | 59,988,796
Mortgage Loans |  | 69,664,409 |  | 6,243,262 |  | 2,209,939 |  | 78,117,610
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 19,532,565 |  | 3,945,158 |  | 1,261,814 |  | 24,739,537
Personal Loans |  | 92,037,962 |  | 19,148,300 |  | 8,045,266 |  | 119,231,528
Credit Card Loans |  | 313,311,575 |  | 29,945,881 |  | 7,333,522 |  | 350,590,978
Receivables from Financial Leases |  | 33,477,384 |  | 631,715 |  | 120,561 |  | 34,229,660
Foreign Trade Loans |  | 40,165,053 |  | 5,760,515 |  | 4,610,063 |  | 50,535,631
Other Financings |  | 40,777,931 |  | 505,639 |  | 206,753 |  | 41,490,323
Other Receivables from Financial Transactions |  | 7,505,348 |  | 283,228 |  | 304,905 |  | 8,093,481
Total |  | 905,046,594 |  | 69,406,562 |  | 29,178,222 |  | 1,003,631,378

​

Financial Instruments to which the impairment requirements in IFRS 9 are not applied

Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss are not subject to impairment. The maximum exposure to credit risk is the corresponding fair value.

Market risk

Group defines Market Risk as the risk resulting from deviations in the trading portfolio value as a result of market fluctuations during the period required for the settlement of portfolio positions.

The Risk Department’s measurement, control and follow-up perimeter covers those operations where certain loss risk in Grupo Supervielle ´s shareholders equity value is assumed, as a result of changes in market factors. Such risk results from the variation in risk

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

factors under evaluation (interest rate, exchange rate, market price of equity instruments and options), as well as liquidity risk in the different products and markets where Grupo Supervielle operates.

​

Due to the characteristics of its business profile, Grupo Supervielle is the entity with the greatest exposure to this risk. However, market risk monitoring also covers the positions taken by Grupo Supervielle for its own portfolio, as well as those taken by its different subsidiaries. There is an entire limit scheme, with periodic monitoring and activation of alerts if any violation is observed. With this same scope, frequent monitoring and review of exposure indicators to the National Treasury is carried out.

With the purpose of measuring the risk of positions homogeneously and therefore, setting a limit and threshold structure to support management and control schemes, Banco Supervielle uses the VaR model (Value at Risk), which defines the maximum expected loss to be recorded in a financial asset portfolio in normal market conditions, within a certain period of time and at a pre-established confidence level. Indicators obtained from this enable Grupo Supervielle to identify a potential market risk and take preventive measures.

At the Supervielle Group level, the focus of attention regarding market risk management is placed on the trading portfolio managed by the Trading Desk, although broader control is also carried out, including positions managed with management objectives. of liquidity by the Financial Planning Management. With regard to this broader trading book, controls are limited to the assumed risk exposure, measured using the VaR methodology, in relation to the computable capital responsibility (CPR). Additionally, a control is carried out on the VaR by group of assets, thus limiting the risk that the Entity can assume in each group of assets considered in isolation. The objective is to incorporate an element of alert in the event of credit events or breakdowns in the correlations between asset groups, events that may escape the consideration of a diversified VaR.

​

The controls over the Trading desk are more exhaustive. Approved strategies and policies are reflected in what is known internally as a unified Risk Map document, where detailed operations enabled by the Trading desk can be explained in detail. In the same document the entire framework of controls that translate the risk appetite with which the Entity is willing to operate is exposed. In this way, limitations are established on the open position in certain financial instruments, VaR limit on the diversified portfolio, maximum allowable loss amount before executing the stop loss policy and conditions that could lead to the execution of a stop strategy gain. The entire control scheme is complemented by action plans that must be implemented once a violation occurs within the limits established therein.

​

Market risk management focused special attention on a year 2023 characterized by a prolonged and uncertain electoral process that covered practically the entire second half of the year. This same uncertainty translated into increasing levels of volatility in financial assets exposed to market risk, which led to frequent revisions in the risk appetite reflected in the admissible VaR levels in the different companies of Grupo Supervielle, as well as in the maximum tolerable exposure in sovereign bonds.

​

The exposure to Grupo Supervielle's exchange rate risk at the end of the year by currency type is detailed below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Balances as of 12/31/2023 |  | Balances as of 12/31/2022
​ | ​ | Monetary | ​ | Monetary | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Monetary | ​ | Monetary | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Financial | ​ | Financial | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net | ​ | Financial | ​ | Financial | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net
Currency |  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Derivatives |  | Position |  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Derivatives |  | Position
US Dollar |  | 286,636,032 |  | 253,932,945 |  | 158,431 |  | 32,861,518 |  | 214,929,965 |  | 189,946,941 |  | 173,451 |  | 25,156,475
Euro |  | 5,907,343 |  | 5,502,023 |  | — |  | 405,320 |  | 4,462,182 |  | 3,421,601 |  | — |  | 1,040,581
Others |  | 3,764,558 |  | 64,651 |  | — |  | 3,699,907 |  | 1,489,376 |  | 37,034 |  | — |  | 1,452,342
Total |  | 296,307,933 |  | 259,499,619 |  | 158,431 |  | 36,966,745 |  | 220,881,523 |  | 193,405,576 |  | 173,451 |  | 27,649,398

​

Financial assets and liabilities are presented net of derivatives, which are disclosed separately. Derivative balances are shown at their Fair Value at the closing price of the respective currency.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The table above includes only Monetary Assets and Liabilities, since investments in equity instruments and non-monetary instruments does not generate foreign exchange risk exposure.

A sensitivity analysis was performed considering reasonably possible changes in foreign exchange rates in relation to Grupo Supervielle’s functional currency. The percentage of variation used in this analysis is the same Grupo Supervielle used in its Business Plan and Projections.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | 12/31/2023 |  |  |  | 12/31/2022
Currency | ​ | Variation | ​ | P/L | ​ | Equity | ​ | Variation | ​ | P/L | ​ | Equity
US Dollar |  | 242.30 | % | 79,605,198 |  | 79,605,198 |  | 85.70 | % | 19,097,099 |  | 19,097,099
US Dollar |  | (242.30) | % | (79,605,198) |  | (79,605,198) |  | (85.70) | % | (19,097,099) |  | (19,097,099)
Euro |  | 242.30 | % | 982,053 |  | 982,053 |  | 85.70 | % | 892,205 |  | 892,205
Euro |  | (242.30) | % | (982,053) |  | (982,053) |  | (85.70) | % | (892,205) |  | (892,205)
Other |  | 242.30 | % | 8,964,534 |  | 8,964,534 |  | 85.70 | % | 1,245,257 |  | 1,245,257
Other |  | (242.30) | % | (8,964,534) |  | (8,964,534) |  | (85.70) | % | (1,245,257) |  | (1,245,257)
Total |  | 242.30 | % | 89,551,785 |  | 89,551,785 |  | 85.70 | % | 21,234,561 |  | 21,234,561
​ |  | (242.30) | % | (89,551,785) |  | (89,551,785) |  | (85.70) | % | (21,234,561) |  | (21,234,561)

​

Sensitivity Analysis

Banco Supervielle also has a methodology for carrying out individual stress tests of market risks. These tests are performed on a daily basis, in conjunction with the calculation of the parametric VaR. The Stressed VaR indicator makes it possible to determine the risk that Grupo Supervielle would be assuming with the current composition of the trading portfolio, in the event of a repetition of the stress conditions that occurred in a given historical period.

When using a diversified VaR methodology, it is important to provide information related to the contribution that each asset in the portfolio makes to the aggregate VaR measurement, and fundamentally if this asset generates risk diversification or not. That is why, within the variables included in the daily report, the VaR component of each asset is included, thus allowing a sensitivity analysis on the impact of each asset on the total risk.

With the aim of improving the assumed risk analysis through the use of alternative measurement metrics, Grupo Supervielle recognizes the change in market conditions on exposure to risk through an adjustment to the volatilities used in the VaR calculation. According to the methodology used, the returns of assets registered in more recent dates have a greater incidence in the calculation of volatilities. In parallel, the Entity performs a measurement and monitoring of the assumed risk through the application of an expected shortfall methodology, analyzing the universe of unexpected losses located in the distribution queue beyond the critical point indicated by VaR.

Economic capital calculation

Banco Supervielle adopts the diversified Parametric VaR methodology for the calculation of market risk economic capital, both at a consolidated and individual level.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest Rate Risk is the risk derived from the likelihood that changes in Grupo Supervielle’s financial condition occur as a result of market interest rate fluctuations, having effect on its financial income and economic value. The following are such risk factors:

| ✓ | Different maturity terms and interest rate re-adjustment dates for assets, liabilities and off balance sheet items.

| ✓ | Forecast, evolution and volatility of local interest rates and foreign interest rates.

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As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

| ✓ | The basis risk that results from the unsuitable correlation in the adjustment of assets and liabilities interest rates for instruments that contain similar revaluation features;

| ✓ | The implicit options in certain assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items of Grupo Supervielle.

Grupo Supervielle’s interest rate risk management model, includes the analysis of interest rates gaps. Such analysis enables the basic explanation of the financial statement structure as well as the detection of interest rate risk concentration along the different terms. Special attention focuses on the accumulated gap during the first 90 days, as it is the holding period used when evaluating exposure to interest rate risk in each of the entities and due to its relevance when evaluating actions that may modify the structural balance positioning.

The interest rate risk management is aimed at keeping Grupo Supervielle’s exposure within those levels of risk appetite profile validated by the Board of Directors upon changes in the market interest rates.

To such ends, the interest rate risk management relies on the monitoring of two metrics:

| ✓ | MVE – VaR Approach: measures the difference between the economic values estimated given the interest rate market curve and said value estimated given the interest rate curve resulting from the simulation of different stress scenarios. Grupo Supervielle uses this approach to calculate the economic capital for this risk.

| ✓ | NIM – EaR Approach: measures changes in expected accruals over a certain period of time (12 months) upon an interest rate curve shift resulting from a different stress situation simulation practices.

With the publication of Communication "A" 6397, the Argentine Central Bank presented the applicable guidelines for the treatment of interest rate risk in the investment portfolio. The regulation makes a distinction between the impact of fluctuations in interest rate levels on the underlying value of the entity's assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items (economic value or MVE), and the alterations that such movements in the interest rate may have on sensitive income and expenses, affecting net interest income (NII). This same criterion had already been adopted by Banco Supervielle, so that the new regulations implied a readaptation of the management model to the suggested measurement methodology, maintaining some criteria and incorporating others.

As established by the regulator, Banco Supervielle and IUDÚ Compañia Financiera must use the Standardized Framework described in point 5.4. of the Communication "A" 6397 for the measurement of the impact on the economic value of the entities (ΔEVE) of six proposed disturbance scenarios. These scenarios include parallel movements in the curves of market interest rates upwards or downwards, flattening or steepening of the slope of these curves, as well as an increase or decrease in short-term interest rates. A base curve of market interest rates is considered for each of the significant currencies in the financial statement of each entity. According to the applicable regulation, Banco Supervielle has to use an internal measurement system (SIM) for measurement based on results (ΔNIM). It is important to highlight that Banco Supervielle, which has not been qualified by the Argentine Central Bank as having a local systemic importance (D-SIB), is not legally bound to have its own internal measurement system (SIM) for the measurement based on economic value (ΔEVE).

Beyond the regulatory provisions, it is important to note that Banco Supervielle has been working with internal measurement systems (SIM) to measure the impact of rate fluctuations, both on economic value (ΔEVE) and on results (ΔNIM). The development of these systems included the definition of assumptions for the determination of the maturity flow of different lines of assets and liabilities without defined maturity or with implicit or explicit options of behavior.

Following good practices in risk management and with the aim of ensuring the reasonableness of fit of the internal models used, a backtesting methodology was developed applicable to the results obtained with the interest rate risk measurement tool (approach MVE-VaR). Specifically, an evaluation of the discount rates projected in the critical scenario is carried out.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

In a context of strong increases in reference interest rates, it was necessary to adjust the dynamic rate GAP to consider daily temporary buckets. This development made it possible to gain precision in the evaluation of scenarios of parallel increases or decreases in reference interest rates. The monitoring and projection of the monthly financial margin had special relevance throughout the year.

​

Economic Capital Calculation

As a first step to calculate economic capital, Banco Supervielle calculates its exposure to interest rate risk from the MVE-EaR (economic value) approach of its internal measurement system (SIM), using a holding period of three months (90 days) and a confidence level of 99%. This quantitative model includes the exacerbation of capital by securitization risk. The result obtained is compared with the worst result of the alterations proposed in the six scenarios proposed by the Standardized Framework, with the resulting economic capital being the worst of both measurements (SIM and Standardized Framework).

​

The exposure to interest rate risk is detailed in the table below. It presents the residual values and average rate ​​of the assets and liabilities, categorized by date of renegotiation of interest or expiration date, the lowest.

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Term in days |
Assets and Liabilities | ​ | Up to 30 | ​ | From 30 to 90 |  | from 90 to 180 |  | from 180 to 365 |  | More than 365 |  | Total |
To 12/31/2023 |
Total Financial Assets | ​ | 1,367,597,996 | ​ | 201,843,376 | ​ | 75,283,526 | ​ | 25,674,272 | ​ | 233,501,535 | ​ | 1,903,900,705 | ​
Total Financial Liabilities | ​ | (1,123,780,666) | ​ | (182,804,117) | ​ | (99,006,907) | ​ | (14,104,522) | ​ | (1,693,776) | ​ | (1,421,389,988) | ​
Net Amount | ​ | 243,817,330 | ​ | 19,039,259 | ​ | (23,723,381) | ​ | 11,569,750 | ​ | 231,807,759 | ​ | 482,510,717 | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Term in days |
Assets and Liabilities | ​ | Up to 30 | ​ | From 30 to 90 |  | from 90 to 180 |  | from 180 to 365 |  | More than 365 |  | Total |
To 12/31/2022 |
Total Financial Assets | ​ | 1,217,782,647 | ​ | 157,102,640 | ​ | 113,969,851 | ​ | 43,914,002 | ​ | 465,883,744 | ​ | 1,998,652,884 | ​
Total Financial Liabilities | ​ | (916,770,479) | ​ | (143,998,663) | ​ | (106,865,350) | ​ | (1,113,500) | ​ | (515,361,769) | ​ | (1,684,109,761) | ​
Net Amount | ​ | 301,012,168 | ​ | 13,103,977 | ​ | 7,104,501 | ​ | 42,800,502 | ​ | (49,478,025) | ​ | 314,543,123 | ​

​

The table below shows the sensitivity to a reasonably possible additional variation in interest rates for the next year, taking into account the composition as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Variations in rates were determined considering the scenarios set by Communication "A" 6397 for the calculation of the Interest Rate Risk in the Investment Portfolio. The parameters taken as a base and or budgeted by the Bank for fiscal years 2023 and 2022 and the changes are considered reasonable possible based on the observation of market conditions:

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 12/31/2023 | ​ | 12/31/2022
​ |  | ​ |  | Increase / (decrease) |  | ​ |  | Increase / (decrease)
​ | ​ | Additional variation in | ​ | in the income | ​ | Additional variation in | ​ | in the income
Items | ​ | the interest rate | ​ | statement | ​ | the interest rate | ​ | statement
Decrease in the interest rate |  | 4% ARS; 2% USD |  | (9,017,557) | ​ | 4% ARS; 2% USD |  | (458,588)
Increase in the interest rate |  | 4% ARS; 2% USD |  | 8,615,049 | ​ | 4% ARS; 2% USD |  | 617,802

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Liquidity Risk

Grupo Supervielle defines Liquidity Risk as the risk of assuming additional financing expenses upon unexpected liquidity needs. Such risk results from the difference of sizes and maturities between Grupo Supervielle’s assets and liabilities. Such risks involve the following:

| ✓ | Funding Liquidity Risk means the risk to obtain funds at normal market cost when needed, based on the market’s perception of Grupo Supervielle.

| ✓ | Market Liquidity Risk means the risk resulting from Grupo Supervielle’s incapacity to offset an asset position at market price, as a consequence of the following two key factors:

| ● | Assets are not liquid enough,

| ● | Changes in the markets where those assets are traded.

Liquidity and concentration indicators of funding sources are used to determine the tolerance to this risk, starting from the most restrictive definitions to the most comprehensive ones.

The following are the main core metrics used for liquidity risk management:

| ✓ | LCR (Liquidity Coverage Ratio): measures the relation between high quality liquid assets and total net cash outflows over a 30-day period. Grupo Supervielle estimates this indicator on a daily basis, having exceeded the minimum value established by law, as well as that established internally based on their risk appetite.

| ✓ | Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR): measures the ability of Grupo Supervielle to fund its activities with sufficiently stable sources to mitigate the risk of future stress situations arising from its funding. Grupo Supervielle calculates this indicator on a daily basis, having complied with the minimum value required by the regulator and that established internally based on its risk appetite.

| ✓ | Co verage of Remunerated Accounts and Pre-Payable Term Deposits: this indicator is aimed to reduce funding dependence of unstable sources in non-liquid scenarios.

In addition, the Assets and Liabilities Committee performs a daily monitoring of some follow-up metrics. Such indicators are used to analyze the main components of LCR while assessing Grupo Supervielle’s liquidity condition and warning upon trend changes that may affect the guidelines set by the risk appetite policy. Additionally, within these monitoring indicators, Committee assess for the availability of liquid assets to respond to an eventual withdrawal of more volatile deposits, such us remunerated current accounts and deposits of the public sector in foreign currency.

During 2023, strong growth was observed in interest-bearing current accounts, especially from institutional clients. The funds thus raised were applied to the acquisition of LELIQ or Repo Transactions with the BCRA, thus trying to minimize the mismatch of terms. Controls were implemented so that this exposure to the BCRA is maintained at reasonable levels measured against total assets, the entity's equity and in terms of market share.

​

Liquidity in dollars remained at high levels, above 72% throughout the year.

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Economic capital calculation

Grupo Supervielle relies on the following elements that ensure the suitable management of this type of risk:

| ✓ | Broad liquidity indicators dashboard, to monitor liquidity levels. Each indicator relies on its relevant threshold and limit, which are monitored on a daily basis by the Risk Area (sending due warnings upon violation cases), on a byweekly basis by the Assets and Liabilities Committee (ALCO) and on a monthly basis by the Integral Risk Committee. Likewise, a weekly report is drawn up and sent to members of the Integral Risk Committee, ALCO and the Board.

| ✓ | Indicators that measure the concentration of funding sources, establishing Grupo Supervielle’s risk appetite.

| ✓ | Development and monitoring of new liquidity coverage and leverage indicators set by the Argentine Central Bank in compliance with Basel III route map.

| ✓ | Different liquidity risk follow-up tools have been added, including a disaggregate assessment of contractual term mismatches and funding concentration reports, by counterparty, product and significant currency. The accuracy of the information required for such reports contributed to the improvement of our Risk Management Information System (MIS).

| ✓ | The liquidity coverage ratio is used to assess Grupo Supervielle’s capacity to meet liquidity needs over a 30-day period within a stress scenario described by the Argentine Central Bank. The follow-up of this indicator is carried out on a daily basis, keeping Grupo Supervielle’s liquidity director and officials updated on its evolution.

| ✓ | Permanent monitoring of limit and threshold compliance in virtue of the NSFR.

| ✓ | Individual stress tests, carried out on a daily basis upon an eventual critical scenario of a sudden withdrawal of deposits and its impact on the minimum cash position and LCR.

| ✓ | Intraday liquidity monitoring tools as indicated above.

| ✓ | Regarding contingency plans, Grupo Supervielle follows a policy that ensures the application of its guidelines in stress tests, according to the decision taken by ALCO Committee and Integral Risk Committee.

The Risk management framework described herein enables a suitable liquidity condition; therefore, Grupo Supervielle considers the economic capital estimation unnecessary to cover such risk, as long as Grupo Supervielle’s solvency should not be affected once the stress tests contingency plan have been implemented.

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Below is the concentration of loans and deposits as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Loans and other financing
​ |  | 12/31/2023 | ​ | 12/31/2022
Number of Clients |  | Balance |  | % over total portfolio |  | Balance |  | % over total portfolio
10 largest customers |  | 69,087,338 | ​ | 13.8% | ​ | 68,238,639 | ​ | 8.9%
50 following largest customers | ​ | 123,526,823 | ​ | 24.7% | ​ | 124,053,825 | ​ | 16.2%
100 following largest customers | ​ | 92,511,436 | ​ | 18.5% | ​ | 96,004,018 | ​ | 12.5%
Rest of customers | ​ | 214,778,315 | ​ | 43.0% | ​ | 478,238,672 | ​ | 62.4%
TOTAL | ​ | 499,903,912 | ​ | 100.0% | ​ | 766,535,154 | ​ | 100.0%

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Deposits
​ | ​ | 12/31/2023 | ​ | 12/31/2022
Number of customers |  | Balance |  | % over total portfolio |  | Balance |  | % over total portfolio
10 largest customers | ​ | 662,055,214 | ​ | 42.7% | ​ | 571,545,441 | ​ | 33.5%
50 following largest customers | ​ | 347,109,915 | ​ | 22.4% | ​ | 379,200,150 | ​ | 22.2%
100 following largest customers | ​ | 66,447,114 | ​ | 4.3% | ​ | 94,183,414 | ​ | 5.5%
Rest of customers | ​ | 473,315,813 | ​ | 30.6% | ​ | 660,080,578 | ​ | 38.7%
TOTAL | ​ | 1,548,928,056 | ​ | 100.0% | ​ | 1,705,009,583 | ​ | 100.0%

​

Below is an analysis of the assets and liabilities maturities, determined based on the remaining period as of December 31, 2023 until the contractual maturity date, based on undiscounted cash flows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Less than |  | From 1 to |  | From 3 to |  | From 6 months to |  | From 1 to |  | More than |  | ​
As of 12/31/2023 | ​ | 1 month | ​ | 3 months | ​ | 6months | ​ | 1 years | ​ | 2 years | ​ | 2 years | ​ | Total
Loans and other financing | ​ | 306,353,057 | ​ | 113,373,676 | ​ | 115,578,523 | ​ | 136,200,679 | ​ | 155,987,345 | ​ | 283,308,741 | ​ | 1,110,802,021
To the non-financial public sector | ​ | 1,832,047 | ​ | - | ​ | 170,430 | ​ | 170,430 | ​ | 340,860 | ​ | 852,150 | ​ | 3,365,917
To the financial sector | ​ | 2,789,465 | ​ | 185,831 | ​ | 324,232 | ​ | 670,385 | ​ | 902,442 | ​ | 166,635 | ​ | 5,038,990
To the Non-Financial Private Sector and Foreign residents | ​ | 301,731,545 | ​ | 113,187,845 | ​ | 115,083,861 | ​ | 135,359,864 | ​ | 154,744,043 | ​ | 282,289,956 | ​ | 1,102,397,114
TOTAL ASSETS |  | 306,353,057 |  | 113,373,676 |  | 115,578,523 |  | 136,200,679 |  | 155,987,345 |  | 283,308,741 |  | 1,110,802,021
Deposits | ​ | 1,414,396,480 | ​ | 46,551,007 | ​ | 128,375,672 | ​ | 20,894,066 | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | 1,610,217,225
Non-financial public sector | ​ | 104,224,359 | ​ | 167,400 | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | 104,391,759
Financial sector | ​ | 476,539 | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | 476,539
Non-financial private sector and foreign residents | ​ | 1,309,695,582 | ​ | 46,383,607 | ​ | 128,375,672 | ​ | 20,894,066 | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | 1,505,348,927
Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | ​ | 607,903 | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | 607,903
Repo Transactions | ​ | 940,332 | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | 940,332
Other financial liabilities | ​ | 78,021,141 | ​ | 404,753 | ​ | 549,577 | ​ | 909,190 | ​ | 1,100,630 | ​ | 587,297 | ​ | 81,572,588
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions | ​ | 461,013 | ​ | 390,562 | ​ | 525,110 | ​ | 996,772 | ​ | 1,424,113 | ​ | 943,488 | ​ | 4,741,058
TOTAL LIABILITIES | ​ | 1,494,426,869 | ​ | 47,346,322 | ​ | 129,450,359 | ​ | 22,800,028 | ​ | 2,524,743 | ​ | 1,530,785 | ​ | 1,698,079,106

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

27.TURNOVER TAX

Commencing January 2020 and January 2023, the tax authorities of the City of Buenos Aires and the Province of Mendoza, respectively, began to impose a Turnover Tax on the revenues derived from securities and instruments (Leliqs/Notaliqs or Repos) issued by the Central Bank of Argentina.

The BCRA initiated declaratory actions of certainty against both tax authorities regarding the unconstitutionality of the measures implemented, as they directly and significantly affect the purposes and functions assigned to the BCRA, substantially altering the execution of national monetary and financial policy. The BCRA also established that the imposition of this Turnover Tax is in clear contradiction to the provisions of the National Constitution and its Organic Charter. The BCRA has the authority to issue instruments to regulate monetary policy and achieve financial and exchange stability.

Through the enacted laws, provincial governments exceeded their powers by imposing taxes on these monetary policy instruments, the regulation, implementation, and/or use of which falls within the jurisdiction of the BCRA. This directly impacts the immunity principle of the national government's policy as these revenues cannot be subject to taxation at the local level due to their immunity or non-taxable status. Both municipalities and provinces lack tax authority over financial instruments issued by the National Government.

In line with the submissions made by the BCRA, the Argentine Banking Association (ABA), the Argentine Bankers' Association (ADEBA), and the majority of financial institutions operating in these provinces have also filed constitutional actions against these regulations. These actions are still pending resolution by the Supreme Court of Justice.

Based on the aforementioned, the Bank believes that the reasons supporting the non-taxability of these types of instruments are strong based on expert opinions, both internal and from third-party specialists. We estimate the likelihood of a favorable ruling to our position as the majority view. Consequently, the Bank has ceased paying the tax on the revenues generated by Leliqs operations in Mendoza since January 2023, and by Leliqs and Repo transactions in the City of Buenos Aires since April of the current year.

As of December 31, 2023, the Group had received notifications from the Tax Administration of Mendoza in repect of the period comprised between January 2023 and April 2023, and from the Argenine Government Agency for Public Revenue in repect of the period comprised between June 2023 and July 2023. In addition, ex officio proceedings have been initiated for the period comprised between April 2023 and May 2023, as a result of which we have created contingency provisions in the amount of $4,037,278.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

28. ASSETS AND LIABILITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCY

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | At | ​ | At 12/31/2023 (per currency) | ​ | At
Items |  | 12/31/2023 |  | Dollar |  | Euro |  | Real |  | Others |  | 12/31/2022
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and Due from Banks |  | 201,242,228 |  | 191,641,796 |  | 5,835,926 |  | 54,830 |  | 3,709,676 |  | 120,528,180
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 8,684,949 |  | 8,684,949 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 4,452,251
Derivatives |  | 158,431 |  | 158,431 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 173,451
Other financial assets |  | 8,142,162 |  | 8,142,110 |  | — |  | — |  | 52 |  | 5,511,094
Loans and other financing |  | 42,905,258 |  | 42,833,841 |  | 71,417 |  | — |  | — |  | 56,672,747
Other Debt Securities |  | 27,768,176 |  | 27,768,176 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 30,281,996
Financial assets in guarantee |  | 6,968,929 |  | 6,968,929 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,019,938
Other non-financial assets |  | 596,231 |  | 596,231 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 415,317
TOTAL ASSETS |  | 296,466,364 |  | 286,794,463 |  | 5,907,343 |  | 54,830 |  | 3,709,728 |  | 221,054,974
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | 240,375,097 |  | 236,733,749 |  | 3,641,348 |  | — |  | — |  | 171,150,697
Non-financial public sector |  | 7,126,792 |  | 7,125,492 |  | 1,300 |  | — |  | — |  | 5,995,946
Financial sector |  | 1,894 |  | 1,894 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 4,758
Non-financial private sector and foreign residents |  | 233,246,411 |  | 229,606,363 |  | 3,640,048 |  | — |  | — |  | 165,149,993
Liabilities at fair value with changes in results |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,706,372
Other financial liabilities |  | 17,470,741 |  | 15,612,348 |  | 1,793,752 |  | 133 |  | 64,508 |  | 13,295,704
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial entities |  | 255,796 |  | 188,880 |  | 66,916 |  | — |  | — |  | 5,326,453
Other non-financial liabilities |  | 1,397,985 |  | 1,397,968 |  | 7 |  | — |  | 10 |  | 926,350
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  | 259,499,619 |  | 253,932,945 |  | 5,502,023 |  | 133 |  | 64,518 |  | 193,405,576
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
NET POSITION |  | 36,966,745 |  | 32,861,518 |  | 405,320 |  | 54,697 |  | 3,645,210 |  | 27,649,398

​

​

29. CURRENT/NON-CURRENT DISTINCTION

Grupo Supervielle has adopted the presentation of all assets and liabilities in order of liquidity due to this presentation provides information that is reliable and more relevant,

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the amount expected to be recovered or settled after more than twelve months for each asset and liability line item is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 12/31/2023 | ​ | 12/31/2022
​ |  | No more than |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | No more than |  | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | 12 months | ​ | More than 12 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12 months | ​ | More than 12 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | after the | ​ | months after | ​ | ​ | ​ | after the | ​ | months after | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | reporting | ​ | the reporting | ​ | ​ | ​ | reporting | ​ | the reporting | ​ | ​
ASSETS | ​ | period | ​ | period | ​ | Total | ​ | period | ​ | period | ​ | Total
Cash and due from banks | ​ | 229,098,272 | ​ | — | ​ | 229,098,272 | ​ | 150,719,643 | ​ | — | ​ | 150,719,643
Cash |  | 114,005,581 |  | — |  | 114,005,581 |  | 59,547,824 |  | — |  | 59,547,824
Argentine Central Bank |  | 103,634,933 |  | — |  | 103,634,933 |  | 84,654,328 |  | — |  | 84,654,328
Other local financial institutions |  | 10,241,998 |  | — |  | 10,241,998 |  | 6,428,404 |  | — |  | 6,428,404
Others |  | 1,215,760 |  | — |  | 1,215,760 |  | 89,087 |  | — |  | 89,087
Debt Securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 46,415,822 |  | — |  | 46,415,822 |  | 69,707,595 |  | — |  | 69,707,595
Derivatives |  | 3,795,093 |  | — |  | 3,795,093 |  | 920,381 |  | — |  | 920,381
Reverse Repo transactions |  | 755,708,132 |  | — |  | 755,708,132 |  | 67,206,248 |  | — |  | 67,206,248
Other financial assets |  | 46,499,784 |  | — |  | 46,499,784 |  | 25,246,191 |  | — |  | 25,246,191
Loans and other financing |  | 404,549,650 |  | 77,905,434 |  | 482,455,084 |  | 580,663,665 |  | 147,811,084 |  | 728,474,749
To the non-financial public sector |  | 1,834,358 |  | 235,757 |  | 2,070,115 |  | 128,427 |  | 736,358 |  | 864,785
To the financial sector |  | 3,265,728 |  | 740,818 |  | 4,006,546 |  | 1,868,427 |  | 138,698 |  | 2,007,125
To the Non-Financial Private Sector and Foreign residents |  | 399,449,564 |  | 76,928,859 |  | 476,378,423 |  | 578,666,811 |  | 146,936,028 |  | 725,602,839
Other debt securities |  | 133,761,633 |  | 117,418,908 |  | 251,180,541 |  | 763,440,474 |  | 76,535,093 |  | 839,975,567
Pledged as collateral |  | 46,382,606 |  | — |  | 46,382,606 |  | 45,056,529 |  | — |  | 45,056,529
Current income tax assets |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,039,566 |  | — |  | 3,039,566
Inventories |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 208,923 |  | — |  | 208,923
Investments in equity instruments |  | — |  | 365,985 |  | 365,985 |  | — |  | 1,565,010 |  | 1,565,010
Property, plant and equipment |  | — |  | 51,151,635 |  | 51,151,635 |  | — |  | 57,217,390 |  | 57,217,390
Investment Property |  | — |  | 45,597,064 |  | 45,597,064 |  | — |  | 52,637,396 |  | 52,637,396
Intangible assets |  | — |  | 67,634,055 |  | 67,634,055 |  | — |  | 69,368,706 |  | 69,368,706
Deferred income tax assets |  | 2,203,863 |  | 10,756,236 |  | 12,960,099 |  | 5,646,967 |  | 32,350,601 |  | 37,997,568
Other non-financial assets |  | 2,090,893 |  | 16,672,936 |  | 18,763,829 |  | 8,486,553 |  | 8,161,175 |  | 16,647,728
TOTAL ASSETS |  | 1,670,505,748 |  | 387,502,253 |  | 2,058,008,001 |  | 1,720,342,735 |  | 445,646,455 |  | 2,165,989,190

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 12/31/2023 | ​ | 12/31/2022
​ |  | No more than |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | No more than |  | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | 12 months | ​ | More than 12 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12 months | ​ | More than 12 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | after the | ​ | months after | ​ | ​ | ​ | after the | ​ | months after | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | reporting | ​ | the reporting | ​ | ​ | ​ | reporting | ​ | the reporting | ​ | ​
LIABILITIES | ​ | period | ​ | period | ​ | Total | ​ | period | ​ | period | ​ | Total
Deposits | ​ | 1,249,698,981 | ​ | 299,229,075 | ​ | 1,548,928,056 | ​ | 1,705,009,233 | ​ | 350 | ​ | 1,705,009,583
Non-financial public sector |  | 100,747,830 |  | — |  | 100,747,830 | ​ | 86,705,591 |  | — |  | 86,705,591
Financial sector |  | 476,539 |  | — |  | 476,539 | ​ | 315,861 |  | — |  | 315,861
Non-financial private sector and foreign residents |  | 1,148,474,612 |  | 299,229,075 |  | 1,447,703,687 | ​ | 1,617,987,781 |  | 350 |  | 1,617,988,131
Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 607,903 |  | — |  | 607,903 | ​ | 6,661,539 |  | — |  | 6,661,539
Repo Transactions | ​ | 940,332 |  | — |  | 940,332 | ​ | — |  | — |  | —
Other financial liabilities |  | 71,663,787 |  | 1,075,141 |  | 72,738,928 | ​ | 54,257,012 |  | 2,124,843 |  | 56,381,855
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | 1,252,379 |  | 1,439,590 |  | 2,691,969 | ​ | 12,458,785 |  | 4,761,049 |  | 17,219,834
Unsubordinated negotiable Obligations |  | — |  | — |  | — | ​ | 1,748,271 |  | — |  | 1,748,271
Current income tax liability | ​ | 737,181 | ​ | — | ​ | 737,181 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Provisions |  | 23,990 |  | 14,873,677 |  | 14,897,667 | ​ | 33,382 |  | 5,234,564 |  | 5,267,946
Deferred income tax liability |  | 1,614,907 |  | — |  | 1,614,907 | ​ | 565,339 |  | — |  | 565,339
Other non-financial liabilities |  | 73,200,297 |  | — |  | 73,200,297 | ​ | 85,591,165 |  | — |  | 85,591,165
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  | 1,399,739,757 |  | 316,617,483 |  | 1,716,357,240 | ​ | 1,866,324,726 |  | 12,120,806 |  | 1,878,445,532

​

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

30. OFFSETTING OF FINANCIAL ASSET AND LIABILITIES

A financial asset and a financial liability shall be offset and the net amount presented in the statement of financial position when, and only when, Grupo Supervielle fulfill with paragraph 42 of IAS 32, and currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts; and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously,

In addition, Grupo Supervielle has master netting arrangement that do not satisfy the offsetting criteria but creates a right of set-off that becomes enforceable and affects the realization or settlement of individual financial assets and financial liabilities only following a specified event of default or in other circumstances not expected to arise in the normal course of business,

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the amount of assets and liabilities subject to a master netting arrangement not offset is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net in Financial | ​ | Amounts subject to a master | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross | ​ | Amount | ​ | Statements | ​ | netting arrangement not offset | ​ | ​
12/31/2023 |  | amount (a) |  | offset (b) |  | (c) = (a) + (b) |  | Financial asset / (Financial liability) |  | Collateral |  | Net amount
Debts with businesses for consumption by our customers with credit card | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (872,707) | ​ | (24,334,219) | ​ | (25,206,926)
Derivatives instruments | ​ | 183,690 | ​ | 2,685,919 | ​ | 2,869,609 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Total |  | 183,690 | ​ | 2,685,919 | ​ | 2,869,609 |  | (872,707) |  | (24,334,219) | ​ | (25,206,926)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net in Financial | ​ | Amounts subject to a master | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross | ​ | Amount | ​ | Statements | ​ | netting arrangement not offset | ​ | ​
12/31/2022 |  | amount (a) |  | offset (b) |  | (c) = (a) + (b) |  | Financial asset / (Financial liability) |  | Collateral |  | Net amount
Credit cards transactions | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (959,658) | ​ | (26,592,007) | ​ | (27,551,665)
Derivatives instruments | ​ | 270,814 | ​ | 363,673 | ​ | 634,487 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Total |  | 270,814 | ​ | 363,673 | ​ | 634,487 |  | (959,658) |  | (26,592,007) | ​ | (27,551,665)

​

​

​

31. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

The Group's objectives regarding capital management are established below:

​

• Compliance with the requirements established by the BCRA in its communication “A” 6260 and amendments

• Support the Group's operations to avoid any situation that puts the Group's operations at risk.

​

The total capital under the rules of the Argentine Central Bank for Banco Supervielle as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is composed as follows (book value):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 12/31/2023 | ​ | 12/31/2022 (*)
Capital Stock | ​ | 442,672 | ​ | 444,411
Paid in capital | ​ | 254,538,548 | ​ | 264,229,227
Inflation Adjustment of capital stock | ​ | 27,960,909 | ​ | 28,325,583
Treasury shares | ​ | 14,050 | ​ | 12,311
Inflation adjustment of treasury shares | ​ | 2,944,946 | ​ | 2,580,272
Cost of Treasury shares | ​ | (5,166,412) | ​ | (4,307,608)
Reserves | ​ | 4,307,608 | ​ | 19,308,569
Retained earnings | ​ | 51,354,318 | ​ | (24,700,453)
Other comprehensive income | ​ | 6,389,921 | ​ | 3,220,774
Shareholders' Equity attributable to owners of the parent company | ​ | 342,786,560 | ​ | 289,113,086
Shareholders' Equity attributable to non-controlling interests | ​ | 274,693 | ​ | 229,326
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | ​ | 343,061,253 | ​ | 289,342,412
(*) Historical values ​​without adjustment for inflation. | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The Board of Directors, through its Risk Committee, is responsible for monitoring, supervising, adapting and ensuring compliance with the objectives established for capital management.

​

According to the guidelines established by the BCRA, financial entities must maintain capital ratios to reduce the associated risks. It should be noted that as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Group complied with the minimum capital requirement determined in accordance with the provisions of the BCRA regulations.

​

Computable Patrimonial Liability of Banco Supervielle S.A. is made up of the basic Net Assets and the complementary Net Assets. The balance of these concepts as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is detailed below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 12/31/2023 | ​ | 12/31/2022 (*)
Basic Shareholder´s Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Tier One Ordinary Capital | ​ | 264,420,324 | ​ | 77,619,877
(Deductible concepts) | ​ | (55,583,242) | ​ | (25,063,540)
Additional Tier One Capital | ​ | — | ​ | —
Complementary Shareholder´s Equity | ​ | — | ​ | 2,600,170
Tier Two Capital | ​ | — | ​ | 2,600,170
(Deductible concepts) | ​ | — | ​ | —
Group Funds | ​ | 13,771,273 | ​ | 3,051,628
Computable Patrimonial Responsability | ​ | 222,608,355 | ​ | 58,208,135
(*) Historical values ​​without adjustment for inflation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The pro forma consolidated Tier 1 capital ratio of Grupo Supervielle amounts to 21% as of December 31, 2023. This includes the sum of $13,771,273 thousand that the Group maintains as excess liquidity that could be applied to the growth of its business and of its subsidiaries.

​

It is worth mentioning that within the deductible concepts are the balances from deferred tax assets (DTA) in accordance with the provisions of point 8.4.1.1. of the T.O of the regulations on Minimum Capital of Financial Entities. This deduction is made for the gross amount of the DTA, without considering the possible offsets that may be made of deferred tax liabilities (DTL) and that are allowed by both IFRS and Basel III standards.

​

The aforementioned regulations establish that deferred tax assets may be offset with deferred tax liabilities when DTA and DTL refer to taxes received by the same tax authority and the competent tax authority authorizes the offset, a situation that is verified in the determination of the tax on the profits of the entity.

​

Below is a detail of the determined requirement:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 12/31/2023 | ​ | 12/31/2022 (*)
Credit risk | ​ | 61,895,671 | ​ | 25,107,962
Operational risk | ​ | 21,891,498 | ​ | 8,188,453
Market risk | ​ | 2,658,844 | ​ | 1,693,962
Requirement | ​ | 86,446,013 | ​ | 34,990,377
Integration | ​ | 222,608,355 | ​ | 58,208,135
Excess | ​ | 136,162,342 | ​ | 23,217,758
(*) Historical values ​​without adjustment for inflation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

32. Repurchase of treasury shares

On July 20, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors approved a repurchase of treasury shares with a maximum amount to be invested of 2,000,000 or the lesser amount resulting from the acquisition until reaching 10% of the capital stock. The price to be paid for the shares will be up to a maximum of US$2.20 per ADR on the New York Stock Exchange and up to a maximum of $138 per Class B share on Bolsas y Mercados Argentinos S.A. The Company would could acquire shares for a term of 250 calendar days from the entry

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

into force of the program, subject to any renewal or extension of the term that is approved by the Board of Directors. The approved share program did not imply an obligation on the behalf of Grupo Supervielle with respect to the acquisition of a certain number of shares.

​

On September 13, 2022, the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle S.A. approved to modify point 5 of the terms and conditions of the own shares acquisition plan approved on July 20, 2022 as follows: “5. The price to be paid for the shares will be up to a maximum of US$2.70 per ADR on the New York Stock Exchange and up to a maximum of $155 per Class B share on Bolsas y Mercados Argentinos S.A." The remaining terms and conditions remained in force as they were approved.

​

Subsequently, on December 27, 2022, he Board of Directors approved to modify point 5 of the terms and conditions of the own shares acquisition program approved on July 20, 2022 as follows: “5. The price to be paid for the shares will be up to a maximum of US$2.70 per ADR on the New York Stock Exchange and up to a maximum of $200 per Class B share on Bolsas y Mercados Argentinos S.A.” The remaining terms and conditions remained in force as approved.

​

In the statement of Changes in Shareholders´ Equity, the nominal value of the repurchased shares is disclosed as " Treasury shares " and its restatement as "Inflation adjustment of treasury shares ". The consideration paid, including directly attributable incremental cost, is deducted from equity until the shares are canceled or reissued, and is disclosed as “Cost Treasury shares”.

​

As of December 31, 2023, Grupo Supervielle's share repurchase program has expired, meaning additional shares cannot be acquired. Grupo Supervielle has acquired a total of 11,093,572 Class B Shares in ByMA and 591,384 ADRs (equivalent to 2,956,920 shares) in NYSE reaching an execution of 86.3% of the program and 3.076% of the capital stock.

​

​

33. merge OF IUDÚ Compañía Financiera S.A. and Tarjeta Automática S.A. with Banco Supervielle S.A.

On December 14, 2022, the board of directors of Banco Supervielle S.A. accepted a merge commitment by absorption, as absorbing company, with IUDÚ Compañía Financiera S.A. and Tarjeta Automática S.A., as absorbed companies.

​

The absorption of these two companies will make it possible to offer services to the consumer financing segment in a much more efficient manner, simplifying the corporate structure and completing the integration that began in September 2022 with the migration of clients and the IUDU financing portfolio to the Bank. Customers who have IUDU accounts will be able to maintain a 100% digital experience while having the rest of the Bank's service channels available.

​

On March 6, 2023, the Board of Directors of Banco Supervielle S.A. agreed to carry out a corporate reorganization, through a merger by absorption by which Banco Supervielle would absorb IUDÚ Compañía Financiera S.A. and Tarjeta Automática S.A., which would be dissolved without liquidation. The Merger date was set effective January 1, 2023, inclusive, date from which Banco Supervielle S.A. In its capacity as absorbing and continuing company, assumed the activities of IUDÚ Compañía Financiera S.A. and Tarjeta Automática S.A., assuming the rights and obligations corresponding to those companies.

​

The shareholders of the companies Banco Supervielle S.A. (“Absorbing Company”), IUDÚ Compañía Financiera S.A. and Tarjeta Automática S.A. (“Absorbed Companies”) approved in an ordinary and extraordinary meeting held on May 18, 2023, the merger by absorption of the Absorbing Company with the Absorbed Companies under the terms of article 82 and related provisions of the General Companies Law and its amendments and of article 77 et seq. of the Income Tax Law (text ordered in 1997 and its modifications). Once the current legal requirements have been met, the registration of said merger will proceed.

​

On June 8, 2023, the final merger commitment was signed.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The forementioned decision was approved by the Central Bank of the Argentine Republic on December 1, 2023 under Resolution No. 478 and by the National Securities Commission on December 13, 2023 under Resolution N°RESFC-2023-22557-APN-DIR#CNV.

​

Grupo Supervielle S.A. received 4,783,920 class B shares of Banco Supervielle S.A. in accordance with the previous merger commitments, with 4,422,016 shares corresponding to an exchange ratio of 0.09497225 for IUDÚ Compañía Financiera S.A. and 361,904 shares corresponding to an exchange ratio of 0.03375751 for Tarjeta Automática S.A.

​

As a result of the merger, the participation of Grupo Supervielle S.A. at Banco Supervielle S.A. amounted to 97.1198%. However, for the purposes of the consolidated financial statements, said operation had no effect on the total holding.

​

34 . MINIMUM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

​

The Central Bank requires financial institutions to maintain minimum capital amounts measured as of each month's closing, The minimum capital is defined as the greater of (i) the basic minimum capital requirement, which is explained below, or (ii) the sum of the credit risk, operational risk and market risk, Financial institutions (including their domestic Argentine and international branches) must comply with the minimum capital requirements both on an individual and a consolidated basis.

The following table sets forth information regarding excess capital and selected capital and liquidity ratios of the Bank:

As stated above under "Presentation of Financial and Other Information", we have prepared our audited consolidated financial statements for 2023, 2022 and 2021 under IFRS, Minimum capital requirement has been prepared in accordance with the rules of the Argentine Central Bank, which is not comparable to data prepared under IFRS.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31,(2) |
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages and ratios) |
Calculation of excess capital: | ​ |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Allocated to assets at risk | ​ | 51,149,308 |  | 20,729,624 |  | 12,957,481 |
Allocated to Bank premises and equipment, intangible assets and equity investment assets | ​ | 10,474,161 |  | 3,747,910 |  | 2,035,689 |
Market risk | ​ | 2,658,844 |  | 1,693,962 |  | 965,159 |
Public sector and securities in investment account, | ​ | 272,202 |  | 625,570 |  | 34,489 |
Operational risk | ​ | 21,891,498 |  | 8,188,453 |  | 4,805,957 |
Required minimum capital under Central Bank rules | ​ | 86,446,013 |  | 34,985,519 |  | 20,798,775 |
Basic net worth | ​ | 264,420,324 |  | 77,619,877 |  | 42,938,440 |
Complementary net worth | ​ | — |  | 2,600,170 |  | 1,564,272 |
Deductions | ​ | (55,583,242) |  | (25,063,540) |  | (11,770,286) |
Total capital under Central Bank rules | ​ | 208,837,082 |  | 55,156,507 |  | 32,732,426 |
Excess capital | ​ | 122,391,069 |  | 20,170,988 |  | 11,933,651 |
Credit Risk Weighted Assets (1) | ​ | 756,569,592 | ​ | 303,351,644 | ​ | 181,430,487 | ​
Risk Weighted Assets (1) | ​ | 1,058,040,330 | ​ | 428,238,464 | ​ | 254,513,436 | ​
Selected capital and liquidity ratios: | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |
Regulatory capital/credit risk weighted assets | ​ | 27.6 | % | 18.2 | % | 18.4 | %
Regulatory capital/risk weighted assets | ​ | 19.7 | % | 12.9 | % | 12.9 | %
Average shareholders’ equity as a percentage of average total assets | ​ | 14.5 | % | 12.2 | % | 12.5 | %
Total liabilities as a multiple of total shareholders’ equity | ​ | 6.3x | ​ | 8.3x | ​ | 7.5x | ​
Cash as a percentage of total deposits | ​ | 14.4 | % | 8.7 | % | 11.1 | %
Liquid assets as a percentage of total deposits (3) | ​ | 64.1 | % | 46.0 | % | 49.2 | %
Tier 1 Capital / risk weighted assets | ​ | 19.7 | % | 12.3 | % | 12.2 | %

​

(1) | Risk Weighted Assets includes operational risk weighted assets, market risk weighted assets, and credit risk weighted assets, Operational risk weighted assets and market risk weighted assets are calculated by multiplying their respective required minimum capital under Central Bank rules by 12.5, Credit Risk Weighted Assets is calculated by applying the respective credit risk weights to our assets, following Central Bank rules,

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

(2) | Nominal values without inflation adjustment,

(3) | Liquid assets include cash, securities issued by the Central Bank, and Repo transactions with the Central Bank. This ratio does not consider other government securities held by the Company to set Minimum Reserve Requirements.

​

35. ECONOMIC CONTEXT ON GROUP´S OPERATIONS

Grupo Supervielle operates in an economic context marked by strong volatility, both nationally and internationally.Between January 1 and December 31, 2023, accumulated inflation reached 211.4% (CPI) and the peso depreciated against the US dollar, going from $180/US$ at the beginning of the year to $808/ US$ at the end of the year.

The monetary authority imposed exchange restrictions in order to contain the demand for dollars. This implied, among other things, the requirement to request prior authorization from the BCRA to make payments abroad for operations such as the payment of dividends to non-residents, the payment of financial loans and the payment of imports of certain goods and services, among others.

On December 10, 2023, a new government took office in Argentina, which has set among its objectives the establishment of a new economic regime in the country, for which it proposes to carry out a broad reform of laws and regulations.

The new government's plan proposes to move forward with a profound deregulation of the economy and with structural reforms that ease restrictions to invest and operate in the country, including the gradual relaxation of the exchange restrictions mentioned previously, with the aim of eliminating them once the macroeconomic conditions improve.

The Ministry of Economy presented, on December 12, the economic program of the new administration, whose priority is to eliminate the fiscal deficit and its financing through the expansion of remunerated liabilities and the monetary issue of Pesos from the BCRA. Another of the central elements of the new program is the elimination of distortions, restrictions and bureaucratic obstacles and the correction of relative prices (especially the exchange rate), as a prerequisite to stabilize the economy.

In the month of December the BCRA moved in this direction. In this sense, LELIQ were no longer tendered, and repos became the main monetary policy instrument whose interest rate was established at 100% n.a. Regarding liquidity injection operations, the BCRA announced that it will no longer finance the Treasury, although it will continue to offer put options and repos on public debt instruments to the extent required by the stability of financial conditions.

Additionally, on December 13, the BCRA decided to reduce the 1-day repo rate from 126% to 100% n.a. (171.5% e.a.). Thus, the interest rate on 1-day repos for private funds was 85% n.a. (133.7% n.a.), while the 1-day repo interest rate remained at 160% n.a. (393.6% e.a.).

The reduction in the interest rate paid on remunerated liabilities will contain the endogenous growth of these instruments and generate incentives for banks to once again act as financial intermediaries.

The new government published a Decree of Necessity and Urgency (DNU) where some 300 laws are annulled and/or modified, introducing reforms in the labor market, the customs code and the status of public companies, among others. Although the DNU must be discussed and ratified by at least one of the chambers of the National Congress, its provisions have been partially in force since December 29, 2023.

On the external front, the nominal exchange rate continues to devaluate at run at a rate of 2% per month since December 13, the date on which it was devalued from $350/USD to $800/USD. With data as of February 27, the exchange rate is located at $841.15/USD in the Free Exchange Market (MLC). Likewise, the new import regime, which allows import payments to be deferred, generated relief in the MLC for US$ 7,066 million. This number comes from the difference between accrued and liquidated imports. The BCRA has already issued US$ 5,000 million of Bonds for the Reconstruction of a Free Argentina (BOPREAL) of Series 1 and US$ 2,000 million of Series 2. In the coming days, bidding for Series 3 will begin with the objective of placing US$ 3,000 million. In this framework, between

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

December 13 and February 27, the BCRA's net foreign exchange purchase and sale. with the private sector left a positive balance of USD8,563 million.

The International Reserves of the BCRA ended on February 22 with a balance of USD27,347 million, registering an increase of USD4,274 million since the beginning of the year and US$6,138 million since the change of government. This dynamic was influenced by the higher Multilateral Real Exchange Rate, a product of the December devaluation and the new import regime that made it possible to avoid paying accrued imports.

The financial sector has a significant exposure to the Argentine public sector, through rights, public securities, loans and other assets.

The Group's exposure to the Argentine public sector is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle´s Exposure to Public Sector
Central Bank of Argentina (including repo transactions) | ​ | 831,757,936
Treasury Bills | ​ | 199,343,557
Government Securities | ​ | 60,856
Exposure to Government Securities and Treasury Bonds | ​ | 1,031,162,349
Loans to Public Sector | ​ | 2,070,115
Total exposure to Public Sector | ​ | 1,033,232,464
Over Total Assets | ​ | 50.21%
Over Shareholder´s equity | ​ | 302.67%

​

The context of volatility and uncertainty continues as of the date of issuance of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

The reforms proposed by the new government began their legislative discussion process. It is not possible to predict at this time its evolution or new measures that could be announced.

For all of the above, Grupo Supervielle's Management permanently monitors the evolution of the situations mentioned in the international markets and at the local level, to identify possible impacts on its patrimonial and financial situation, and determine the possible actions to be adopted.

36. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On April 19, 2024, the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle approved a program for the repurchase of the Group’s shares pursuant to Article 64 of Law 26,831 and CNV regulations. The Group decided to establish the Program as a result of the current national macroeconomic context and considering that Grupo Supervielle’s shares does not reflect the real value of the society’s assets nor their potential value.

​

The terms and conditions for the acquisition of its own shares under the Program are the following: (i) maximum amount of the investment: up to Ps.4,000,000,000; (ii) maximum number of shares to be acquired: up to 10% of the capital stock of Grupo Supervielle, as established by the applicable Argentine laws and regulations; (iii) payable price: up to Ps.1,600.00 per Class B share and U.S.$8.00 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange, and (iv) term for the acquisition: 120 days as from the next day of the date of publication of the information in the Bolsa de Buenos Aires Daily Bulletin, subject to any renewal or extension of the term, which will be informed to the public by the same means.

​

As of the date of these financial statements, Grupo Supervielle has acquired under the second program a total of 550,000 Class B Shares in ByMA, reaching an execution of 17.4% of the program and 0.12% of the capital stock. Grupo Supervielle has acquired a total of 14,600,492 Class B Shares representing 3.20% of the capital stock.

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