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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 20-F

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ANNUAL REPORT

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PURSUANT TO SECTION 13

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2024

Commission file number 001-37777

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

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SUPERVIELLE GROUP S.A.

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

REPUBLIC OF ARGENTINA

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Reconquista 330

C1003ABG Buenos Aires

Republic of Argentina

(Address of principal executive offices)

Mariano Biglia

Reconquista 330

C1003ABG Buenos Aires

Republic of Argentina

Tel: 54-11-4340-3181

Email: mariano.biglia@supervielle.com.ar

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

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Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
American Depositary Shares, each representing 5 Class B shares of Grupo Supervielle S.A. |  | SUPV |  | New York Stock Exchange
Class B shares of Grupo Supervielle S.A. |  | SUPV |  | New York Stock Exchange*

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*Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares pursuant to the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

The number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of December 31, 2024 (excluding shares held by the Company’s treasury as of December 31, 2024) was:

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Title of class |  | Number of shares outstanding
Class B ordinary shares, nominal value Ps.1.00 per share |  | 375,992,997
Class A ordinary shares, nominal value Ps.1.00 per share |  | 61,738,188

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated Filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated Filer |  | ☒
Non-accelerated Filer |  | ☐ |  | Emerging Growth Company |  | ☐

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If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by checkmark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP ☐ |  | International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☒ |  | Other ☐

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If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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​ | ​ |
​ |  | Page
​ | ​ | ​
Certain Defined Terms and Conventions | ​ | iii
| ​ |
Presentation of Financial and Other Information | ​ | iv
| ​ |
Forward-Looking Statements | ​ | vi
| ​ |
PART I | ​ | 1
| ​ |
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors | ​ | 1
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable | ​ | 1
Item 3. Key Information | ​ | 1
| ​ |
Item 3.A [Reserved] | ​ | 1
Item 3.B Capitalization and indebtedness | ​ | 1
Item 3.C Reasons for the offer and use of proceeds | ​ | 1
Item 3.D Risk Factors | ​ | 1
| ​ |
Item 4. Information of the Company | ​ | 25
| ​ |
Item 4.A History and development of the Company | ​ | 25
Item 4.B Business Overview | ​ | 29
Item 4.C Organizational structure | ​ | 121
Item 4.D Property, plants and equipment | ​ | 124
Item 4.E Selected Statistical Information | ​ | 124
| ​ |
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects | ​ | 143
| ​ |
Item 5.A Operating Results | ​ | 143
Item 5.B Liquidity and Capital Resources | ​ | 165
Item 5.C Research and Development, patents and licenses, etc. | ​ | 172
Item 5.D Trend Information | ​ | 172
Item 5.E Critical Accounting Estimates | ​ | 175
| ​ |
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees | ​ | 176
Item 7. Shareholders and Related Party Transactions | ​ | 203
| ​ |
Item 7.A Major Shareholders | ​ | 203
Item 7.B Related Party Transactions | ​ | 204
Item 7.C Interests of Experts and Counsel | ​ | 207
| ​ |
Item 8. Financial Information | ​ | 207
| ​ |
Item 8.A Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information. | ​ | 207
Item 8.B Significant Changes | ​ | 211
| ​ |
Item 9. The Offer and Listing | ​ | 211
| ​ | ​
Item 9.A Offer and Listing Details | ​ | 211
Item 9.B Plan of Distribution | ​ | 211

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--- | --- | ---
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Item 9.C Markets | ​ | 211

i

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--- | --- | ---
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Item 9.D Selling Shareholders | ​ | 211
Item 9.E Dilution | ​ | 212
Item 9.F Expenses of the Issue | ​ | 212
​ | ​ | ​
Item 10. Additional Information | ​ | 212
| ​ | ​
Item 10.A Share Capital | ​ | 212
Item 10.B Memorandum and Articles of Association | ​ | 212
Item 10.C Material Contracts | ​ | 212
Item 10.D Exchange Controls | ​ | 212
Item 10.E Taxation | ​ | 233
Item 10.F Dividends and Paying Agents | ​ | 243
Item 10.G Statement by Experts | ​ | 244
Item 10.H Documents on Display | ​ | 244
Item 10.I Subsidiary Information | ​ | 244
| ​ | ​
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | ​ | 244
Item 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities | ​ | 249
| ​ | ​
Item 12.A Debt Securities | ​ | 249
Item 12.B Warrants and Rights | ​ | 249
Item 12.C Other Securities | ​ | 249
Item 12.D American Depositary Shares | ​ | 250
| ​ | ​
PART II | ​ | 251
| ​ | ​
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies | ​ | 251
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds | ​ | 251
Item 15. Controls and Procedures | ​ | 251
Item 16. [Reserved] | ​ | 252
| ​ | ​
Item 16.A Audit committee financial expert | ​ | 252
Item 16.B Code of Ethics | ​ | 252
Item 16.C Principal Accountant Fees and Services | ​ | 253
Item 16.D Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees | ​ | 254
Item 16.E Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers | ​ | 254
Item 16.F Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant | ​ | 256
Item 16.G Corporate Governance | ​ | 256
Item 16.H Mine Safety Disclosure | ​ | 261
Item 16.I Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | ​ | 261
Item 16.K Cybersecurity | ​ | 261
| ​ | ​
Item 17. Financial Statements | ​ | 263
Item 18. Financial Statements | ​ | 263
Item 19. Exhibit Index | ​ | 264

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ii

INTRODUCTION

CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS AND CONVENTIONS

In this annual report, we use the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company” and the “Group” to refer to Grupo Supervielle S.A. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Banco Supervielle S.A., unless otherwise indicated. References to “Grupo Supervielle” mean Grupo Supervielle S.A. (excluding its subsidiaries). References to the “Bank” mean Banco Supervielle S.A. and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to “Banco Supervielle” mean Banco Supervielle S.A. (excluding its subsidiaries). References to “Supervielle Seguros” mean Supervielle Seguros S.A. References to “Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros” mean Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros S.A. References to “SAM” mean Supervielle Asset Management S.A. References to “Supervielle Agente de Negociación” mean Supervielle Agente de Negociación S.A.U. References to “IOL invertironline” mean InvertirOnline S.A.U. and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. References to “Espacio Cordial” or “Cordial Servicios” mean Espacio Cordial de Servicios S.A. References to “MILA” mean Micro Lending S.A.U. References to “IUDÚ” mean IUDÚ Compañía Financiera S.A. References to “Tarjeta” mean Tarjeta Automática S.A. References to “Bolsillo Digital” mean Bolsillo Digital S.A.U. References to “Sofital” mean Sofital S.A.U.F.e I. References to “IOL Holding” mean IOL Holding S.A. References to “Supervielle Bróker” mean Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros S.A.

References to “Class A shares” are to shares of our Class A common stock, with a par value of Ps.1.00 per share, references to “Class B shares” are to shares of our Class B common stock, with a par value of Ps.1.00 per share, and references to “ADSs” are to American depositary shares, each representing five Class B shares.

The term “Argentina” refers to the Republic of Argentina. The terms “Argentine government,” the “government” or the “Government” refers to the Federal Government of Argentina, the terms “Central Bank” or the “Argentine Central Bank” refer to the Banco Central de la República Argentina, and the term “CNV” refers to the Argentine Comisión Nacional de Valores, which is the Argentine securities and capital markets regulator. The term “ByMA” refers to Bolsas y Mercados Argentinos S.A., which is the Argentine securities exchange. The term “A3 Mercados” refers to A3 Mercados S.A. (former Mercado Abierto Electrónico S.A., known as “MAE”), which is the Argentine electronic securities and foreign-currency trading exchange. The term “Argentine Capital Markets Law” refers to Law No. 26,831, as amended and supplemented. The term “Argentine Negotiable Obligations Law” refers to Law No. 23,576, as amended and supplemented. The term “Argentine General Corporations Law” refers to Law No. 19,550, as amended and supplemented. The term “Argentine Productive Financing Law” refers to Law No. 27,440, as amended and supplemented.

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“Argentine GAAP” refers to generally accepted accounting principles in Argentina and “Argentine Banking GAAP” refers to the accounting rules of the Central Bank. “IASB” refers to International Accounting Standards Board and “IFRS” refers to the International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the IASB.

The term “GDP” refers to gross domestic product and all references in this annual report to GDP growth are to real GDP growth. The term “CPI” refers to the consumer price index and the term “WPI” refers to the wholesale price index.

The term “customers” refers to individuals that have at least one active product with us and made at least one transaction in the previous 90 days, and entities that have at least one active checking account with us.

The term “digital customers” refers to individuals that use our online banking services, our mobile app or our senior citizens app during the previous 90 days.

The term “Argentine banks” refers to banks that operate in Argentina. Unless the context otherwise requires, the term “financial institutions” refers to institutions regulated by the Central Bank. The term “Argentine private banks” refers to Argentine banks that are not controlled or owned by the Government or any Argentine provincial, municipality or city government.

For information from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022, the term “small businesses” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales up to Ps.300 million, the term “SMEs” refers to companies with annual sales over Ps.300 million and below Ps.3 billion, the term “middle-market and large companies” refers to companies with annual sales over Ps.3 billion. For information from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023, the term “small businesses” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales up to Ps.500 million, the term “SMEs” refers to companies with annual sales over Ps.500 million and below Ps.5 billion, the term “middle-market and large companies” refers to companies with annual sales over Ps.5 billion. For information from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024, the term “small businesses” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales up to Ps.1.5 billion, the term “SMEs” refers to

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companies with annual sales over Ps.1.5 billion and below Ps.10 billion, the term “middle-market and large companies” refers to companies with annual sales over Ps.10 billion. Since January 1, 2025, the term “small businesses” refers to individuals that perform professional or commercial activities, the term “SMEs” refers to companies with annual sales up to Ps.34 billion, and the term “middle-market and large companies” refers to companies with annual sales over Ps.34 billion. Although the main criteria for these definitions is annual sales, in some cases the definitions also consider whether these individuals, businesses and companies provide adequate customer service models pursuant to the requirements which apply to them.

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION

Financial Statements

This annual report contains our audited consolidated financial statements as of December, 2024 and 2023, and for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (our “audited consolidated financial statements”), which have been audited by Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina, a member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report is included herein.

“Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies” (IAS 29) requires that the financial statements of an entity whose functional currency is one of a hyperinflationary economy be measured in terms of the current unit of measurement at the closing date of the reporting period, regardless of whether they are based on the historical cost method or the current cost method. This requirement also includes the comparative information in financial statements. Our audited consolidated financial statements are stated in the measurement unit current as of December 31, 2024.

We are subject to the provisions of Article 2 – Section I – Chapter I of Title IV (“Periodical Reporting Requirements”) of the rules issued by the CNV according to General Resolution No. 622/2013, as amended and supplemented (the “CNV Rules”), and we are required to present our financial statements in accordance with the Argentine Banking GAAP. The Argentine Central Bank, through Communications “A” 5541, as amended, set forth a convergence plan towards the application of IFRS as issued by the IASB and the interpretations issued by the International Financial Reporting Standards Committee (“IFRIC”), for entities under its supervision, effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, subject to the following exceptions:

| ● | exception from IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” with respect to the initial recognition of public sector debt instruments received in an exchange of bonds that should be recognized under Argentine Banking GAAP at the book value of the financial asset exchanged.;

| ● | the temporary exception from IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” with respect to expected credit loss of financial instruments of the public sector; and

| ● | option to classify holdings in dual bonds at amortized cost or fair value through other comprehensive income.

Our consolidated financial statements contained in this annual report differ in certain material respects from our financial statements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 prepared in accordance with Argentine Banking GAAP and filed with the CNV.

Unless otherwise indicated, all financial information of our company included in this annual report is stated on a consolidated basis under IFRS and presented in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the latest reporting period.

Overview of IAS 29

IAS 29 establishes the conditions under which an entity shall restate its financial statements if it is located in an economic environment considered hyperinflationary. This standard requires that the financial statements of an entity that reports in the currency of a highly inflationary economy shall be stated in terms of the measuring unit current at the closing date of the latest reporting period, regardless of whether they are based on a historical cost approach or a current cost approach. To this end, in general terms, the inflation rate must be computed in the non-monetary items as of the acquisition date or the revaluation date, as applicable. These requirements also comprise the comparative information of the financial statements.

In order to conclude whether an economy is categorized as highly inflationary, IAS 29 outlines a series of factors to be considered, including the existence of an accumulated inflation rate in three years that is approximate to or exceeds 100%. Argentina

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has reported a cumulative three-year inflation rate significantly higher than 100% and therefore financial information must be adjusted for inflation in accordance with IAS 29. Consequently, we have applied IAS 29 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

Adjustment for inflation in the initial balances has been calculated based on the price indexes published by Argentina’s National Statistics Institute (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos or “INDEC,” per its initials in Spanish). The Group determined to use the Internal Wholesale Price Index (IWPI) to restate balances and transactions until the year 2016. For November and December 2015, Grupo Supervielle used the average variation of the CPI of the City of Buenos Aires since during these two months there were no IWPI measurements available at a national level. From January 2017 onwards, Grupo Supervielle used the national CPI.

The principal inflation adjustment procedures are the following:

| ● | Monetary assets and liabilities that are recorded in the current currency as of the financial position’s closing date are not restated because they are already stated in terms of the currency unit current as of the date of the financial statements.

| ● | Non-monetary assets and liabilities are recorded at cost as of the financial position date, and equity components are restated applying the relevant adjustment ratios.

| ● | All items in the consolidated income statement are restated applying the relevant conversion factors, as described in Note 1.1.2 to our consolidated financial statements contained in this annual report.

| ● | The effect of inflation in Grupo Supervielle’s net monetary position is included in the consolidated income statement, in the item “Results from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money.”

| ● | Comparative figures have been adjusted for inflation following the procedure explained in the previous bullets.

| ● | Upon initially applying inflation adjustment, the equity accounts were restated as follows:

| o | Capital stock was restated as from the date of subscription or the date of the most recent inflation adjustment for accounting purposes, whichever is later.

| o | The resulting amount was included in the “Results from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money” account.

| o | Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income were restated as from each accounting allocation.

| o | The legal reserve and other reserves in the statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity were not restated as of the initial application date.

Certain Financial Data

The term “ROAE” refers to return on average shareholders’ equity, calculated based on daily averages. The term “ROAA” refers to return on average assets, calculated based on daily averages. ROAE and ROAA are frequently used by financial institutions as benchmarks to measure profitability compared to peers but not as benchmarks to determine returns for investors, which is affected by multiple factors that ROAE and ROAA do not consider.

Currencies and Rounding

The terms “U.S. dollar” and “U.S. dollars” and the symbol “U.S.$” refer to the legal currency of the United States. The terms “Peso” and “Pesos” and the symbol “Ps.” and “$” refer to the legal currency of Argentina.

We have translated certain of the Peso amounts contained in this annual report into U.S. dollars for convenience purposes only. Unless otherwise indicated, the rate used to translate such amounts as of December 31, 2024 was Ps.1,032.50 to U.S.$1.00, which was the reference exchange rate reported by the Central Bank for U.S. dollars as of December 31, 2024. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Pesos. The U.S. dollar equivalent information presented in this annual report is provided solely for the convenience of investors and should not be construed as implying that the Peso amounts represent, or could have been or could be converted into, U.S. dollars at such rates or at any other rate. The reference exchange rate reported by the Central Bank was

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Ps.1,172.83 per U.S.$1.00 as of April 16, 2025. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—Fluctuations in the value of the Peso could adversely affect the Argentine economy” and “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—The maintenance or implementation of additional exchange controls regulations, restrictions on transfers abroad and capital inflow restrictions could limit the availability of international credit and could threaten the financial system.”

Certain figures included in this annual report have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown as totals in certain tables may not be an arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them.

Market Share and Other Information

We make statements in this annual report about our competitive position and market share in, and the market size of, the Argentine banking industry. We have made these statements on the basis of statistics and other information derived from the Central Bank’s publications and other third-party sources that we believe are reliable. Although we have no reason to believe any of this information or these reports are inaccurate in any material respect, we have not independently verified the competitive position, market share and market size or market growth data provided by third parties or by industry or general publications.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report contains estimates and forward-looking statements, principally in “Item 3.D. Risk Factors,” “Item 5.A. Operating Results,” and “Item 4.B. Business Overview.” We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current beliefs, expectations and projections about future courses of action, events and financial trends affecting our business. Many important factors, in addition to those discussed elsewhere in this annual report, could cause our actual results to differ substantially from those anticipated in our forward-looking statements, including, among others:

(i) | changes in general economic, financial, business, political, legal, social or other conditions in Argentina;

(ii) | fluctuations in the foreign exchange reserves, the exchange rate of the Peso and inflation;

(iii) | changes in foreign exchange regulations and exchange control measures implemented by the Central Bank and the Argentine government;

(iv) | changes in interest rates and the cost of deposits, which may, among other things, affect margins;

(v) | the compliance of the commitments and conditions included in the agreement with the International Monetary Fund (“IMF”);

(vi) | unanticipated increases in financing or other costs or the inability to obtain additional debt or equity financing on attractive terms, which may limit our ability to fund existing operations and to finance new activities;

(vii) | changes in capital markets in general that may affect policies or attitudes toward lending to or investing in Argentina or Argentine companies, including expected or unexpected volatility in domestic and international financial markets;

(viii) | changes in government regulation, including tax and banking regulations;

(ix) | the impact on the global and Argentine economy of the imposition of new trade tariffs;

(x) | the impact of pandemics, epidemics and other health events, and government measures taken in response to them, on economic activity, our results of operation and our operations;

(xi) | adverse legal or regulatory disputes or proceedings;

(xii) | credit and other risks of lending, such as increases in defaults by borrowers;

(xiii) | exposure to Argentine government liabilities and fluctuations and declines in the value of Argentine public debt;

(xiv) | increased competition in the banking, financial services, credit card services, asset management and related industries;

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(xv) | a loss of market share by any of our main businesses;

(xvi) | increase in the allowances for loan losses;

(xvii) | technological changes or an inability to implement new technologies, changes in consumer spending and saving habits;

(xviii) | threats of cybersecurity breaches;

(xix) | ability to implement our business strategy; and

(xx) | other factors discussed under “Item 3.D. Risk Factors” in this annual report.

The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “aim,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “forecast” and similar words are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, business strategies, financing plans, competitive position, industry environment, potential growth opportunities, the effects of future regulation and the effects of competition. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update publicly or to revise any forward-looking statements after we distribute this annual report because of new information, future events or other factors, except as required by applicable law. In light of the risks and uncertainties described above, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this annual report might not occur and do not constitute guarantees of future performance. Because of these uncertainties, you should not make any investment decisions based on these estimates and forward-looking statements.

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PART I

Item 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors

Not applicable.

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Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not applicable.

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Item 3. Key Information

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Item 3.A [Reserved]

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Item 3.BCapitalization and indebtedness

Not applicable.

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Item 3.CReasons for the offer and use of proceeds

Not applicable.

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Item 3.DRisk Factors

Summary of Risk Factors

The following summarizes some, but not all, of the principal risks provided below. Please carefully consider all of the information discussed in this Item 3.D “Risk Factors” in this annual report for a detailed description of these and other risks.

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| ● | Our business is largely dependent upon macroeconomic, political, regulatory and social conditions in Argentina.

| ● | The measures implemented by the current Argentine government may affect our business and results of operations.

| ● | If the levels of inflation increase, the Argentine economy and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.

| ● | A decrease in international prices for the main commodities exported by Argentina or a significant decline in their production could negatively affect Argentina’s economic condition.

| ● | The return to a persistent fiscal deficit could result in long lasting adverse consequences for the Argentine economy.

| ● | Fluctuations in the value of the Peso could adversely affect the Argentine economy.

| ● | The maintenance or implementation of additional exchange controls regulations, restrictions on transfers abroad and capital inflow restrictions could limit the availability of international credit and could threaten the financial system.

| ● | The Argentine government’s ability to obtain financing from the international loan and capital markets may be limited or costly, which may impair its ability to implement reforms and foster economic growth.

| ● | Developments in other countries may adversely affect the Argentine economy and our financial performance.

| ● | We operate in a highly regulated environment, and our operations are subject to regulations adopted, and measures taken, by several regulatory agencies.

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| ● | The stability of the Argentine financial system depends upon the ability of financial institutions, including the Bank, to retain the confidence of depositors.

| ● | The growth and profitability of the Argentine financial system partially depend on the development of medium and long-term funding sources.

| ● | The asset quality of financial institutions, including ourselves, may deteriorate if the Argentine private sector is affected by adverse macroecononic conditions in Argentina.

| ● | Argentine financial institutions, including us, have significant exposure to public sector debt and its repayment or refinancing capacity, which in periods of uncertainty may negatively affect their results of operations.

| ● | Changes in market conditions and any associated risks, including interest rate and currency exchange volatility, could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

| ● | Reduced spreads between interest rates on loans and those on deposits could adversely affect the Bank’s profitability.

| ● | Due to our exposure to middle and lower-middle-income individuals and SMEs, the quality of our loan portfolio is more susceptible to economic downturns and recessions.

| ● | Our estimates and established reserves for credit risk and potential credit losses may prove to be insufficient, which may materially and adversely affect our asset quality and our results of operations and financial condition.

| ● | The Bank’s revenues from its business with senior citizens could decrease or cease to grow if the agreement with ANSES is terminated or not renewed.

| ● | Cybersecurity events could negatively affect our reputation, results of operations and financial condition.

| ● | Our controlling shareholder has the ability to direct our business, and potential conflicts of interest could arise.

You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as the other information in this annual report. Our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects could be materially and adversely affected if any of these risks occurs. In general, investors take more risk when they invest in the securities of issuers in emerging countries such as Argentina than when they invest in the securities of issuers in the United States and other more developed markets. The risks described below are those known to us and that as of the date of this annual report we believe may materially affect us.

Risks Relating to Argentina

Our business is largely dependent upon macroeconomic, political, regulatory and social conditions in Argentina.

Substantially all of our assets, property and customers are located in Argentina. As a result, the quality of our assets, our financial condition and the results of our operations are dependent upon the macroeconomic, political, regulatory and social conditions prevailing in Argentina from time to time. These conditions include growth rates, inflation rates, exchange rates, taxes, foreign exchange controls, changes to interest rates, changes to government policies, social instability, and other political, economic or international developments either taking place in, or otherwise affecting, Argentina.

Developments in economic, political, regulatory and social conditions in Argentina, and measures taken by the Argentine government, have had and are expected to continue to have a significant impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Argentina is an emerging country and investing in such markets generally carries additional risks.

The Argentine economy has experienced significant volatility in the past decades, including multiple periods of low or negative growth and high levels of inflation and currency depreciation, and may experience further volatility in the future. In 2024, Argentina’s GDP decreased by 1.72% compared to 2023, according to data published by the INDEC, primarily due to a decrease in construction

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activities which experienced a slowdown in public works, as well as a decrease in commerce, partially offset by an increase in agricultural activities and mining.

Argentine economic conditions are dependent on a variety of factors, including the following: (i) domestic production, international demand and prices for Argentina’s principal commodity exports; (ii) the competitiveness and efficiency of domestic industries and services; (iii) the stability and competitiveness of the Peso against foreign currencies; (iv) the rate of inflation; (v) the government’s fiscal deficits or surpluses and the level of expenditure by the Argentine government; (vi) the government’s public debt levels; (vii) foreign and domestic investment and financing; (viii) governmental policies and the legal and regulatory environment; (ix) fluctuations in the Argentine Central Bank’s international reserves, (x) labor disputes and work stoppages; (xi) the level of unemployment; and (xii) political instability and social tensions. Government policies and regulation –which at times have been implemented through informal or de facto measures and have been subject to radical shifts– that have had a significant impact on the Argentine economy in the past have included, among others: (i) monetary policy, including exchange controls, capital controls, high interest rates and a variety of measures to curb inflation; (ii) restrictions on exports and imports; (iii) price controls; (iv) mandatory wage increases or prohibition of dismissals; (v) taxation; and (vi) government intervention in the private sector.

On December 10, 2023, Javier Milei took office as President of Argentina and pledged to implement significant economic reforms. Following President Milei’s inauguration, the Argentine Executive Branch enacted Decree No. 70/2023, which outlines a series of measures aimed at reducing the size of the public administration and public expenses, as well as de-regulating the Argentine economy. In addition, on June 28, 2024, the Argentine Congress approved the draft bill entitled “Bases and Starting Points for the Freedom of the Argentine People” (the “Ley de Bases”). The Ley de Bases formally declares a state of public emergency with respect to certain matters relating to the Argentine economy and energy, among others, for a period of one year. During this time, it also confers upon the Argentine Executive Branch a series of legislative powers. The Ley de Bases also established a series of legal, institutional, and tax reforms affecting various sectors of the economy. The Argentine administration has indicated that it intends to implement business friendly policies, but we cannot assure you that it will be able to implement these policies, considering that it does not hold a majority of the representatives in either chamber of the Argentine Congress. Political uncertainty in Argentina regarding the policies adopted and that may be adopted in the future by the current Argentine administration could lead to further volatility in the market prices of the securities of Argentine issuers and could have a material adverse effect on the economy or on Argentina’s ability to meet its obligations, which in turn could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

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The IMF and the Argentine authorities reached an understanding on key policies as part of their ongoing discussions of an IMF-supported program in order to renegotiate the principal maturities of the U.S.$44.1 billion under a stand-by arrangement. On March 25, 2022, the IMF approved the execution of the financing agreement (the “IMF Agreement”) with Argentina for a total amount of U.S.$44 billion, which included a disbursement of U.S.$9.6 billion. In October 2022, December 2022, April 2023 and August 2023, the IMF authorized disbursements of U.S.$3.8 billion, U.S.$6 billion, U.S.$5.4 billion and U.S.$7.5 billion, respectively, following Argentina’s completion of the targets set forth in the IMF Agreement. In addition, the IMF and the Argentine government agreed to revise the targets set forth in the IMF Agreement considering the negative impact that the drought had on the Argentine economy in 2023. On January 31, 2024, the new Argentine government and the IMF agreed to revise the targets set forth in the IMF Agreement. The target for reserve accumulation increased to U.S.$10 billion, originally set at U.S.$8.2 billion. As a result of these revisions, in January 31, 2024, the IMF authorized an additional disbursement of approximately U.S.$4.7 billion. On June 13, 2024, the IMF concluded its eighth review, after which the IMF disbursed approximately US$800 million to the Argentine government to support economic recovery, and rebuild fiscal and external reserves. As of the date of this annual report, the aggregate amount of disbursements authorized by the IMF is approximately U.S.$41.4 billion.

On March 11, 2025, the Argentine government issued the Emergency Decree No. 179/2025 (the “Decree 179/25”) which approved certain public credit transactions that are provided in the IMF Agreement. These credit transactions have a ten-year maturity period and the proceeds therefrom are expected to be used for the repayment of certain pre-existing obligations, among other purposes. On April 8, 2025, the IMF and the Argentine government reached an agreement to enter into a new financing agreement (the “New IMF Agreement”) for a total amount of approximately U.S.$20 billion. On April 11, 2025, the IMF approved an initial disbursement of U.S.$12 billion under the New IMF Agreement and an additional disbursement of U.S.$2 billion to be made in June 2025. The New IMF Agreement has a ten-year maturity period and an annual interest rate of 5.63%. The success of these measures will depend on the continued implementation of economic reforms and the political support needed to maintain macroeconomic stability and sustainable economic growth.

Additionally, on April 11, 2025, the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank approved the granting of financial assistance to Argentina under multi-year programs in the amounts of U.S.$12 billion and U.S.$10 billion, respectively.

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According to the IMF, Argentina is implementing an ambitious stabilization plan focused on the establishment of a strong fiscal anchor along with policies to bring down inflation. The IMF monitors Argentina’s compliance with the agreement at the end of each quarter. We cannot assure that the conditions of the IMF Agreement will not affect Argentina’s ability to implement reforms and public policies and boost economic growth, nor the impact that the IMF Agreement may have in Argentina’s ability to access international capital markets (and indirectly in our ability to access those markets).

According to a Morgan Stanley Capital International (“MSCI”) release of June 2021, Argentina was considered an emerging market until June 2021, when it was classified as a “standalone market”. Economic and market conditions in Argentina and in emerging market countries, especially those in Latin America, influence the market for securities issued by Argentine companies. Volatility in securities markets in Latin America and in emerging market countries, as well as potential increases in interest rates in the United States and other developed countries, may have a negative impact on the trading price of our shares and ADSs, and on our ability to, and the terms on which we are able to, access international capital markets. In addition, standalone markets are considered to present additional risks such as government restrictions that may limit investments and risks associated with political developments.

We cannot assure you that developments in Argentina will not affect macroeconomic, political, regulatory or social conditions in the country and, consequently, affect our business, result of operations and financial condition.

The measures implemented by the current Argentine government may affect our business and results of operations.

The Argentine government exercises substantial control over the economy and may increase its level of intervention in certain areas of the economy, including through the regulation of market conditions and prices.

In the past, the Argentine government increased state intervention in the economy, including through expropriation and nationalization measures, price controls, exchange controls, establishment of minimum salary levels and mandatory employee benefits and restrictions on capital flows. For example, in 2008, the administration absorbed and replaced the former private pension system for a public “pay-as-you-go” pension system. As a result, all resources administered by the private pension funds, including significant equity interests in a wide range of listed companies, have since been administered by the Argentine Social Security Administration (Administración Nacional de la Seguridad Social or “ANSES”). In 2014, the Argentine government enacted law No. 26,991, which enables the Argentine government to intervene in certain markets when it considers that any party to the market is trying to impose prices or supply restrictions in the market. This law applies to all economic processes linked to goods, facilities and services which, either directly or indirectly, satisfy basic needs of the population (so-called “basic needs goods”), and grants broad powers to the enforcing agency (Secretariat of Commerce) to become involved in such processes.

The current Argentine administration faces significant macroeconomic challenges, such as continuing to reduce the inflation rate, achieving and sustaining commercial and fiscal surpluses, accumulating reserves, supporting the peso, refinancing debt owed to private creditors, and improving the competitiveness of the Argentine economy based on different factors that affect it, including the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, the conflict between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip, and the trade policies implemented by the new U.S. administration, including the imposition of new tariffs that could affect cross-border commerce. Since the current Argentine administration took office, a large number of measures aimed at deregulating the Argentine economy and limiting government intervention in the private sector have been implemented, and it is expected that further measures will be adopted in the future. However, several of these measures have been challenged in Congress and submitted to judicial proceedings.

The Argentine executive branch enacted Decree No. 70/2023 contemplating several measures to reduce the size of the public administration and public expenses and to de-regulate the economy. In addition, on June 28, 2024, the Argentine Congress approved the Ley de Bases which declared a public emergency in administrative, economic and financial matters until July 8, 2025, and delegated a series of legislative powers to the Argentine executive branch until that date. As of the date of this annual report, the impact that the reforms adopted by the current Argentine administration will have on the Argentine economy as a whole, and the financial sector in particular, remains uncertain and cannot be predicted. Despite the announced measures from the current Argentine administration aimed at reducing state intervention in the private sector, the level of intervention in the economy by the Argentine government may increase, which may adversely affect Argentina’s economy and, in turn, our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If the levels of inflation increase, the Argentine economy and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.

In the past, inflation has materially undermined the Argentine economy and Argentina’s ability to create conditions that would permit growth. High inflation may also undermine Argentina’s competitiveness abroad and lead to a decline in private consumption

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which, in turn, could also affect employment levels, salaries and interest rates. Moreover, a high inflation rate could undermine confidence in the Argentine financial system, reducing the Peso deposit base and negatively affecting long-term credit markets.

In recent years, Argentina has confronted high inflationary pressures, and continues to do so. In 2022, the INDEC registered an increase in CPI of 94.8% and an increase in WPI of 94.8%. In 2023, the INDEC registered an increase in CPI of 211.4% and an increase in WPI of 276.4%, which represents the highest annual inflation since 1991. In 2024, the INDEC registered an increase in CPI of 117.8% and an increase in WPI of 67.1%. The CPI published by the INDEC for the months of January and February 2025 was 2.2% and 2.4%, respectively. In March 2025, the INDEC registered a CPI of 3.7%, reaching a level of 55.9% year over year.

In June 2018, the International Practices Task Force categorized Argentina as a country with a projected three-year cumulative inflation rate greater than 100%. Pursuant to IAS 29 (Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies), the financial statements of entities whose functional currency is that of a hyperinflationary economy must be restated in a suitable general price index to control the effects of changes. Argentine companies applying IFRS are required to apply IAS 29 to their financial statements for periods ending on and after July 1, 2018. In addition, certain regulatory authorities, such as the CNV, have required that financial statements submitted to the CNV for the periods ended on and after December 31, 2018 be restated for inflation in accordance with IAS 29.

On April 7, 2025, the Argentine Central Bank announced that the new inflation estimate for 2025 is 27.5% pursuant to its survey of market expectations (Relevamiento de Expectativas de Mercado). We cannot assure you whether inflation rates will decrease, remain flat or escalate in the future or that the measures adopted or that may be adopted by the administration to control inflation will be effective or successful. If inflation levels rise, the development of the Argentine economy and the Argentine financial system could be negatively impacted and, in particular, our costs of operation could increase, which may negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A decrease in international prices for the main commodities exported by Argentina or a significant decline in their production could negatively affect Argentina’s economic condition.

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Argentina’s economy has historically been centered on the production and export of certain commodities, including agricultural products such as cereals, fats and oils, beef and dairy products, and oil. Argentina’s reliance on the production and export of these commodities has made the country more vulnerable to fluctuations in their prices. A decrease in commodity prices may adversely affect the Argentine government’s fiscal revenues and the Argentine economy as a whole and, as a result, negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Given its reliance on these agricultural commodities, Argentina is also vulnerable to weather events, such as the droughts which occurred in Argentina in 2018 and 2023, which may negatively affect the production of such commodities, reducing fiscal revenues and the inflow of U.S. dollars.

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the conflict between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip have affected and could continue to affect other countries worldwide, generating increases in the international prices of oil, gas, and commodities, including those produced by Argentina. However, a long-term decrease in the international price of oil would negatively impact the oil and gas prospects of Argentina and result in a decrease in foreign investment in these sectors. In addition, foreign trade policies implemented by the new U.S. administration impact international prices. We cannot predict the impact that these policies may have on production levels and international prices, and how these impacts may affect the Argentine economy, including in connection with the oil and gas production in Vaca Muerta.

The negative impact that the droughts which occurred in Argentina in 2018 and 2023 have had in Argentina has been reinforced by the historic drop in the Paraná river (Argentina’s main river) and a large number of fire outbreaks in multiple Argentine provinces during 2022. These environmental events have negatively affected the agriculture sector in Argentina. If any severe weather events, including droughts, occur in the future, productive activities in Argentina, the level of foreign exchange reserves in the Central Bank and the Argentine economy as a whole could be adversely affected. Adverse weather conditions may affect the production of commodities by the agricultural sector, which represents a significant portion of Argentina’s export revenues. In 2024, rainfall in the core region of Argentina, the most productive area of the country was close to the historical average, although in December 2024 rainfall was below the historical average.

If the international prices for the main commodities exported by Argentina decrease or if the country’s production of commodities is diminished, Argentina’s economy could be adversely affected. In addition, such circumstances could have a negative impact on the government’s tax revenues, including its ability to repay its debt, and on the availability of foreign currency. Any such developments may adversely affect Argentina’s economy and, as a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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The return to a persistent fiscal deficit could result in long lasting adverse consequences for the Argentine economy.

During the past, the Argentine government has sustained high levels of fiscal deficit, and has resorted regularly to the Central Bank to source part of its funding requirements. In 2022, public sector expenditure increased approximately 54.8% and the government achieved a primary fiscal deficit of 2.4% of Argentina’s GDP, according to the Argentine Ministry of Treasury. In 2023, public sector revenues decreased approximately 4.7%, mainly as a result of the significant drop in income as a result of the drought which occurred in Argentina in 2023, public expenditures decreased 4.9%, mainly due to a reduction in real terms in social benefits and subsidies, and the government achieved a primary fiscal deficit of 2.7% of Argentina’s GDP. However, in 2024, public sector revenues increased approximately 7.2% in real terms and public expenditures decreased 4.4% compared to 2023, mainly due to the reduction of public works, and the government achieved a primary fiscal surplus of 1.8% of Argentina’s GDP.

Despite the commitment from the current Argetine administration to eliminate the fiscal deficit, and the achievement of a financial and primary fiscal surplus in 2024, we cannot assure you that such levels of public expenditures and public sector revenues can be sustained by the Argentine government. As a result, we cannot assure you that in the future the Argentine government will not seek to finance its deficit by gaining access to the liquidity available in the local financial institutions. In that case, government initiatives that increase the exposure of local financial institutions to the public sector could affect the liquidity and asset quality of the financial system and have a negative effect on clients’ confidence in the financial system.

Fluctuations in the value of the Peso could adversely affect the Argentine economy.

Fluctuations in the value of the Peso have affected the Argentine economy in the past. Since January 2002, the value of the Peso has fluctuated significantly. Persistent high inflation, exchange controls and restrictions on foreign trade have resulted in the loss of competitiveness of Argentine production, impeded investment and caused economic stagnation. In 2022, 2023 and 2024 the Peso depreciated against the U.S. dollar 72.4%, 356.4% and 27.7%, respectively. As of April 16, 2025, the exchange rate was Ps.1,172.83 per U.S.$1.00.

The depreciation of the Peso may have a negative impact on the ability of Argentine businesses to service their foreign currency denominated debt, lead to inflation, significantly reduce real wages and jeopardize the stability of businesses whose success depends on domestic market demand, and also adversely affect the Argentine government’s ability to honor its foreign debt obligations. In addition, the Argentine Central Bank could intervene in the foreign exchange market to influence exchange rates which could lead to a decrease in its international reserves, which may have an adverse impact on Argentina’s ability to withstand external shocks to the economy. In turn, a significant appreciation of the Peso against the U.S. dollar also presents risks for the Argentine economy, including the possibility of a reduction in exports as a consequence of the loss of external competitiveness. Any such appreciation could also have a negative effect on economic growth and employment and reduce tax revenues in real terms.

The maintenance or implementation of additional exchange controls regulations, restrictions on transfers abroad and capital inflow restrictions could limit the availability of international credit and could threaten the financial system.

In the past, the Argentine government has increased controls on the sale of foreign currency, limiting transfers of funds abroad. Measures taken by the Argentine government significantly curtailed access to the official foreign exchange market and, as a result, an unofficial U.S. dollar trading market developed in which the Peso-U.S. dollar exchange rate differed substantially from the official Peso-U.S. dollar exchange rate. The current exchange controls apply with respect to access to the foreign exchange market by residents for savings and investment purposes abroad, the payment of external financial debts abroad, the payment of dividends in foreign currency abroad, payments of imports and exports of goods and services, and the obligation to repatriate and settle the proceeds from exports of goods and services for Pesos, among others. For further information, see “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls”.

In September 2020, the Central Bank issued Communication “A” 7106 which restricted the access to the foreign exchange market for the repayment of principal payments under certain external financial indebtedness maturing between October 15, 2020 and March 31, 2021, which led many borrowers to refinance their debts. These restrictions were further amended and applied to external financial indebtedness maturing between October 15, 2020 and December 31, 2023. We cannot assure you whether the Central Bank will adopt similar restrictions in the future.

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On April 11, 2025, the Central Bank announced the start of “phase 3” of its economic program which introduces significant changes to its monetary and exchange rate policy. A managed floating exchange rate system was implemented, allowing the U.S. dollar to fluctuate within a band of Ps.1,000 to Ps.1,400, adjusted monthly by approximately 1%. The Argentine government lifted foreign exchange controls as a result of which individuals now face no restrictions to access the official exchange market, and tax surcharges

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are eliminated, except for tourism and credit card transactions. For corporations, restrictions on import payments and dividend repatriation were eased, while a new BOPREAL bond was introduced to address legacy external liabilities. The export incentive program known as the “dólar blend” was eliminated to simplify the exchange market. The monetary policy framework was reformed to focus on strict control of monetary aggregates, particularly the M2 private transactional aggregate, with no monetary financing of the fiscal deficit or interest payments on Central Bank liabilities.

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We cannot anticipate how long the current measures will be in force or if additional restrictions will be imposed. The Argentine government could maintain or impose new exchange controls, restrictions and take other measures in response to capital flight or a significant depreciation of the Peso, which could in turn limit access to the international capital markets and affect the Argentine economy. In addition, the evolving exchange control restrictions and measures may result in Argentine Central Banks’s information requests, enforcement actions and penalties due to diverging interpretations of foreign exchange regulations.

As a related matter, the international reserves deposited with the Argentine Central Bank have fluctuated significantly. The amount of international reserves of the Argentine government reached U.S.$25.0 billion as of March 2025, which represents a decrease of approximately U.S.$4.6 billion since December 31, 2024.

In addition, during 2023, the imposition of further exchange controls deeply broadened the difference between the official exchange rate, which is currently used for both commercial and financial operations, and other informal exchange rates that arise implicitly as a result of certain operations commonly carried out in the capital market (dollar “MEP” or “contado con liquidación”). However, in an effort to address the fiscal deficit, the Argentine government implemented a currency adjustment, which has narrowed the gap between the official exchange rate and the other informal exchange rates.

The Argentine government could maintain a single official exchange rate or create multiple exchange rates for different types of transactions, substantially modifying the applicable exchange rate at which we acquire currency for different purposes. Furthermore, existing or future measures could undermine the Argentine government’s public finances, which could adversely affect Argentina’s economy, which, in turn, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The Argentine government’s ability to obtain financing from the international loan and capital markets may be limited or costly, which may impair its ability to implement reforms and foster economic growth.

The Argentine government has faced difficulties in the payment of its sovereign debt in the past. As a result, the Argentine government may not have access to international financing, or its access may be costly, which would limit its ability to make investments and foster economic growth. Additionally, Argentine companies may also have difficulty accessing international financing, at reasonable costs or at all.

During March 2020, the Argentine government initiated discussions with various groups of creditors to discuss a path for Argentina’s debt sustainability. With respect to Argentina’s international bonds, the Argentine executive branch approved the restructuring of certain eligible global bonds issued under foreign laws for up to U.S.$65 billion. In August 2020, the Argentine government announced that it had obtained the consents required to exchange 99% of the aggregate principal amount outstanding of all series of eligible bonds.

In June 2021, Argentine and the Paris Club members agreed to amend the settlement agreement that Argentina had reached with the Paris Club members in May 2014 (the “Paris Club 2014 Settlement Agreement”) for the payment by Argentina of U.S.$2.1 billion payment, which was originally due in May 2020. Pursuant to this amendment, Argentina would pay U.S.$430 million to the Paris Club members before the end of July and the rest during the following year. After agreeing to a second extension in March 2022, on October 28, 2022, Argentina announced a new agreement with the Paris Club members pursuant to which the maturity date of the outstanding amount of debt was extended to September 2028 and the interest rate decreased from 9% to 3.9% in the first three installments, with a gradual increase to 4.5%. The payment profile implies an average semi-annual payment of U.S.$170 million (principal and interest included). On June 26, 2023, the former Minister of Economy, Sergio Massa, signed bilateral agreements with three members of the Paris Club to refinance the existing debt with the institution. Thus, after signing the new agreement reached in 2022, the former Minister of Economy was able to seal bilateral agreements with 1 of the 16 creditors of the institution.

In June 2018, the Argentine government and the IMF signed a three-year, U.S.$50 billion loan agreement, as further amended to U.S.$57.1 billion through 2021 (the “IMF 2018 Agreement”). Following an IMF report in February 2020 stating that Argentina’s debt may not be sustainable, the Argentine government requested to begin discussions with the IMF in order to renegotiate the principal

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maturities of the U.S.$44.1 billion disbursed between 2018 and 2019 under a stand-by arrangement. The IMF and the Argentine authorities reached an understanding on key policies as part of their ongoing discussions on an IMF-supported program.

On March 11, 2025, the Argentine government issued the Decree 179/25 which approved certain public credit transactions that are provided in the IMF Agreement. These credit transactions have a ten-year maturity period and the proceeds therefrom are expected to be used for the repayment of certain pre-existing obligations, among other purposes. On April 8, 2025, the IMF and the Argentine government reached an agreement to enter into the New IMF Agreement for a total amount of approximately U.S.$20 billion. On April 11, 2025, the IMF approved an initial disbursement of U.S.$12 billion under the New IMF Agreement and an additional disbursement of U.S.$2 billion to be made in June 2025. The New IMF Agreement has a ten-year maturity period and an annual interest rate of 5.63%. Additionally, on April 11, 2025, the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank approved the granting of financial assistance to Argentina under multi-year programs in the amounts of U.S.$12 billion and U.S.$10 billion, respectively. See “—Our business is largely dependent upon macroeconomic, political, regulatory and social conditions in Argentina.”

In June 2021, Morgan Stanley Capital Index (“MSCI”), in its market classification report, reclassified the Argentine market from the “Emerging Markets” category to the “Standalone” or “Independent Markets” category, classification that is reserved for those countries that have accessibility barriers to foreign investors, political tensions, small capital markets and poor economies or that lack adequate regulations. In the case of Argentina, the classification as a “Standalone” market was due to the prolonged severity of capital controls in the Argentine stock market which is not in line with the accessibility criteria of the MSCI Emerging Markets index. As a result of the reclassification, several Argentine companies suffered a negative impact on the price of their shares, and may face difficulties in obtaining financing in the future.

Due to past or future defaults on its indebtedness, we cannot assure you that Argentina will have access to international financing in the future, on favorable terms or at all. If Argentina is not able to access financing, it may not be able to foster economic growth and invest in the country. As a result, we cannot assure you that private companies in Argentina will have access to financing on favorable terms or at all, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Developments in other countries may adversely affect the Argentine economy and our financial performance.

Argentina’s economy remains vulnerable to external shocks that could be caused by adverse regional or global developments. A significant decline in the economic growth of any of Argentina’s major trading partners (including Brazil, the European Union, China and the United States) could have a material adverse impact on Argentina’s balance of trade and adversely affect Argentina’s economy. In addition, Argentina may be affected by economic and market conditions in markets worldwide, as was the case in 2008 when the global economic crisis led to a sudden economic decline in Argentina in 2009, or in 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemix severally affected global economies.

In the past, emerging market economies have been affected by changes in U.S. monetary policy, at times resulting in the unwinding of investments and increased volatility in the value of their currencies. During 2018, the interest rate curve in the United States shifted upward, generating a generalized devaluation in emerging markets, with the Turkish Lira and the Peso being the most affected currencies against the U.S. dollar. However, in July 2019, the U.S. Federal Reserve cut rates for the first time since 2008, indicating an expectation of lower growth in the future, with long-term rates remaining low during 2020 and 2021. In March 2022, the U.S. Federal Reserve increased the federal funds rate by 0.25% for the first time since December 2018. During 2022, the U.S. Federal Reserve further increased the federal funds rate to a range between 4.25% and 4.50%. In February, March, May and July 2023, the U.S. Federal Reserve further increased the federal funds rate to 4.75%, 5.0%, 5.25% and 5.50%, respectively. However, in September, November and December 2024, the U.S. Federal Reserve decreased the federal funds rate to 5.0%, 4.75% and 4.50%, respectively. If interest rates rise significantly in developed economies, including the United States, emerging market economies, including Argentina, could find it more difficult and expensive to borrow capital and refinance existing debt, which would negatively affect their economic growth.

On November 3, 2024, the United States held a presidential election in which President Trump was elected president of the United States. Mr. Trump assumed the presidency on January 20, 2025. Potential changes in economic, social, political and regulatory conditions in the United States, as well as shift in international trade policies, could generate uncertainty in global markets and negatively impact on emerging markets, such as Argentina, which could adversely affect our operations.

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In April 2025, Trump’s administration announced the imposition of new tariffs on certain imported goods, including goods imported from Argentina, and threatened increased tariffs of goods originating from countries that do not cooperate with the United States policies. These measures present potential risks to the international trade and foreign relations. We cannot assure you that the U.S. government will not impose additional tariffs on Argentina and that the Argentine economy will not be adversely affected by such plans or tariffs in the future. In the event of certain changes in U.S. policy implemented by the current U.S. administration, the Argentine government could implement retaliatory actions. These actions have raised concerns about potential disruptions in global trade and have resulted in market volatility and a decrease in the price of certain commodities, including oil, which could materially and adversely impact on the Argentine economy. As of the date of this annual report, the scope, structure, and timeline of the measures adopted by the new U.S. administration remain unclear.

The economic activity of Brazil, one of Argentina’s main trade partners, also has an impact on Argentina’s economy. A depreciation of the Brazilian Real against the U.S. dollar has in the past (including the recent months) and would again in the future put additional pressure on the exchange rate for the Argentine Peso against the U.S. dollar. Likewise, weak economic performance from Brazil would affect Argentine exports, particularly in the case of industrial goods, many of which Argentina exports to Brazil.

In February 2022, Russia n troops undertook a f ull-scale military invasio n of Ukraine. This conflict had, and may continue to have, significant global economic effects, including heightened inflation, supply chain problems, increases in interest rates, market volatility and an impact on commodity prices, especially with regard to international crude oil and gas prices. The conflict and its effects could impact the global economy. A dditionally, Russia’s prior annexation of Crimea, recognition of two separatist republics in the Donetsk and L uhans k regions of Ukraine and subsequent military interventions in Ukraine have led to sanctions and other penalties being levied by the United States, the European Union and other countries against Russia, Belarus, the Crimea Region o f Ukraine, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic, and the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic. The severity of these sanctions may increase and could contribute to a shortage of raw materials and commodities, which could, in turn, generate greater levels of inflation and create interruptions in the global supply chain. Interruptions in the global supply chain could particularly affect the energy sector and could create supply chain difficulties in local markets. In addition, there is a risk that Russia and other countries supporting Russia in this conflict may launch cyberattack s a gainst t h e U nite d S tate s a n d it s allie s and other countries, their governments and businesses, including the infrastructure in such countries.

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On October 7, 2023, Hamas terrorists infiltrated Israel’s southern border from the Gaza strip and conducted a series of attacks on civilian and military targets.Following a terrorist attack by Hamas, Israel declared war on Hamas and other terrorist organizations in Gaza. Subsequently, in April and October 2024, Iran launched direct attacks on Israel, involving hundreds of drones and ballistic missiles launched directly towards highly populated civilian areas and military bases. In November 2024, a ceasefire agreement was reached between Hezbollah in Lebanon and Israel and in January 2025, a temporary ceasefire agreement was reached between Hamas in Gaza and Israel; however, we cannot predict if and to what extent these ceasefire agreements will remain in effect or be upheld.

Russian military actions and the Israel-Hamas conflict, the potential expansion of such conflicts in surrounding areas, and the potential sanctions from these conflicts could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets and lead to instability and lack of liquidity in capital markets. Due to the uncertainties inherent to the scale and duration of such conflicts and their direct and indirect effects, it is not reasonably possible to estimate the impact these conflicts will have on the global economy and financial markets, on the Argentine economy.

We cannot assure you that events in other market countries will not adversely affect our financial performance.

Government or labor pressure to grant salary increases and/or additional benefits may affect business conditions in Argentina.

In the past, the Argentine government has passed laws and regulations forcing privately owned companies to maintain certain wage levels and provide added benefits to their employees. Additionally, both public and private sector employers have been subject to significant pressure from the workforce and trade unions to grant salary increases and other benefits. The Argentine government has increased the minimum monthly salaries on numerous opportunities. In addition, in the past the Argentine government has arranged other measures to mitigate the impact of inflation and exchange rate fluctuation in wages, or the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Labor relations in Argentina are governed by specific legislation, such as Labor Law No. 20,744 and Collective Bargaining Law No. 14,250, which, among other things, dictate how salary and other labor negotiations are to be conducted. Most industrial or commercial activities are regulated by a specific collective bargaining agreement that groups together companies by industry and trade unions. While the process of negotiation is standardized, each chamber of industrial or commercial activity negotiates the increases of

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salaries and labor benefits with the relevant trade union of such commercial or industrial activity. Parties are bound by the final decision once it is approved by the labor authority and must observe the established salary increases for all employees that are represented by the respective union and to whom the collective bargaining agreement applies. On December 29, 2023, Decree No. 70/2023 became effective, which annulled a series of labor laws and regulations, with the aim of providing flexibility and reducing costs for employers. However, several labor unions requested judicial relief and the Argentine courts ordered the precautionary suspension of the labor provisions of such decree, pending a ruling with respect to its constitutionality.

We cannot assure you that the current Argentine administration will not adopt future measures requiring that employers increase salaries and/or employee benefits, prohibition of dismissals, duplication of severance payments or that our employees and/or labor unions will not pressure for such measures themselves. Any such increase could result in an increase in our operating expenses and, therefore, adversely affect our results of operations.

The outbreak and spread of a pandemic and other large-scale public health events could have a significant impact on the Argentine economy and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Economic conditions in Argentina may be adversely affected by an outbreak of a contagious disease, such as COVID-19 (coronavirus), which develops into a regional or global pandemic and other large scale public health events. The measures taken by governments, regulators and businesses to respond to any such pandemic or event may lead to slower or negative economic growth, supply disruptions, inflationary pressures and significant increases in public debt, and may also adversely affect our counterparties (including borrowers), which may lead to increased loan losses. Such measures could also impact the business and operations of third parties that provide critical services to us.

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During the outbreak of COVID-19, we experienced a decline in activity, including as a result of branch closures and remote working requirements, and we were affected by a number of regulatory measures, such as: the introduction of caps and floors on interest rates and the introduction of payment deferral of loans allowed to individuals and companies and mandatory loans to be granted at interest rates below market rates.

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If there were an outbreak of a new pandemic or another large-scale public health event occurs in the future, we may experience an adverse impact, which may be material, on our business, results of operations and financial condition , including as a result of the exacerbation of any of the other risks described in this section.

Failure to adequately address actual and perceived risks of institutional deterioration and corruption may adversely affect Argentina’s economy, which in turn could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A lack of a solid institutional framework and corruption have been identified as, and continue to be a significant problem for Argentina. In Transparency International’s 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index survey of 180 countries, Argentina was ranked 99th.

Recognizing that the failure to address these issues could increase the risk of political instability, distort decision-making processes and adversely affect Argentina’s international reputation and ability to attract foreign investment, the former Macri administration announced several measures aimed at strengthening Argentina’s institutions and reducing corruption. These measures included the reduction of criminal sentences in exchange for cooperation with the government in corruption investigations, increased access to public information, the seizing of assets from corrupt officials, increasing the powers of the Anticorruption Office (Oficina Anticorrupción) and the passing of a new public ethics law, among others. The current Argentine administration’s ability and determination to implement these initiatives taken by the former Macri administration remains uncertain. We cannot assure whether the implementation of these or other anti-corruption measures will be successful.

The Argentine government’s inability to accurately address actual and perceived risks of institutional deterioration and corruption might adversely affect the Argentine economy which, in turn, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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Risks Relating to the Argentine Financial System

We operate in a highly regulated environment, and our operations are subject to regulations adopted, and measures taken, by several regulatory agencies.

Financial institutions are subject to significant regulation relating to functions that historically have been determined by the Central Bank, the Financial Information Unit (Unidad de Información Financiera or “UIF”) and the CNV. These regulations include: (i) minimum capital requirements; (ii) mandatory reserve requirements; (iii) requirements for investments in fixed rate assets; (iv) lending limits and other credit restrictions, including mandatory allocations; (v) limits and other restrictions on fees; (vi) reduction of the period for the financial institutions to deposit the amount of sales made with credit cards in the corresponding accounts of the sellers; (vii) limits on the amount of interest banks can charge or pay, or on the period for capitalizing interest; (viii) accounting and statistical requirements; (ix) limits on dividends; (x) reporting or controlling regimes as agents or legally bound reporting parties; and (xi) changes in the deposit insurance regime. Even though the current Argentine administration has started to de-regulate certain aspects of the Argentine financial system, including by eliminating existing floor rates on time deposits and by terminating the requirement to obtain the prior approval of the Central Bank to close or transfer bank branches, a significant number of regulations are still in force. See “Item 4—Information of the Company—Argentine Banking Regulation Overview”.

We have no control over governmental regulations or the rules governing all aspects of our operations. The Central Bank may penalize our main subsidiary, the Bank, in case of any breach of applicable regulations. Similarly, the CNV, which regulates the public markets in Argentina and authorizes our securities offerings, has the authority to impose sanctions on us, our subsidiaries and our Board of Directors for breaches of corporate governance.

The absence of a stable regulatory framework in Argentina for financial institutions and the imposition of measures that affect the profitability of financial institutions and limit the possibility of covering their positions against currency fluctuations result may limit the decisions that financial institutions, including the Bank, can make on asset allocation, which may adversely affect future financial activities and our result of operations. We cannot foresee whether the Argentine government will continue to de-regulate the Argentine financial system and, if so, how the new measures may affect us and our business. Likewise, there can be no assurances that new and tighter regulations will not be implemented in the future, which could cause uncertainty and could negatively affect our future financial activities and results of operations. In addition, existing or future legislation and regulation may require us to make material expenditures to avoid any material adverse effect on our operations.

The stability of the Argentine financial system depends upon the ability of financial institutions, including the Bank, to retain the confidence of depositors.

The measures implemented by the Argentine government in the past, in particular the restrictions imposed on depositors to withdraw money freely from banks and the pesification and restructuring of their deposits, resulted in losses for many depositors and undermined their confidence in the Argentine financial system.

Although liquidity levels are currently reasonable, no assurances can be given that these levels will not be reduced in the future due to adverse economic conditions that could negatively affect the Bank’s business. Any massive withdrawal of deposits, including as a result of an adverse economic development in Argentina, could cause liquidity constraints in the financial sector, including a contraction in credit supply.

If, in the future, depositor confidence further weakens and the deposit base contracts, such loss of confidence and contraction of deposits will have a substantial negative impact on the ability of financial institutions, including the Bank, the main subsidiary of the Group, to operate as financial intermediaries. If the Bank is not able to act as a financial intermediary, its results of its operations could be adversely affected or limited, which in turn could affect our results of operations and financial condition. Loss of confidence in the international financial markets may also adversely affect the confidence of Argentine depositors in local banks.

The growth and profitability of the Argentine financial system partially depend on the development of medium and long-term funding sources.

Since the majority of our term deposits are short-term deposits with a maturity of less than three months, a relevant portion of our loans have very short maturities, and there is a small portion of medium- and/or long-term credit lines. The short-term nature of the

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deposit base of the Argentine financial system could lead to a reduction in liquidity levels and limit the long-term expansion of financial intermediation.

If longer-term financial intermediation activity does not grow, the ability of financial institutions, including us, to generate profits will be negatively affected. In addition, if Argentine financial institutions, including the Bank, are unable to access adequate sources of medium and long-term funding or if they are required to pay high costs in order to obtain the same, this may adversely affect their ability to grow their loan portfolio and profitability.

The asset quality of financial institutions, including ourselves, may deteriorate if the Argentine private sector is affected by adverse macroeconomic conditions in Argentina.

As a result of Argentina’s macroeconomic environment, the capacity of many Argentine private sector debtors to repay their loans deteriorated significantly in past years, affecting the asset quality of financial institutions, including the Bank. According to data published by the INDEC, Argentina’s GDP decreased by 1.7% in 2024, mainly as a result of a decrease in construction activities by 17.7%, which were negatively impacted by the slowdown in public works, a decrease in manufacturing industry activities by 9.2% and a decrease in wholesale and retail trade by 7.3%. However, the agricultural sector grew by 30.9% after the severe drought in 2023, and mining and quarrying grew by 7.2%. During 2024, the growth of the Argentine economy was not uniform, since it fell between December 2023 and April 2024 but increased in the subsequent months. In April 2024, Argentina’s monthly estimate of economic activity (“EMEA”) decreased by 1.9% as compared to December 2023, and grew 7.2% from May to December 2024. Nonetheless, the asset quality of Argentine financial institutions improved in 2022, 2023 and 2024 as credit penetration and the level of indebtedness of families and corporates is low compared to historical levels.

The Argentine economy remains fragile and volatile, with high inflation rates (211.4% in 2023, 117.8% in 2024 and 55.9% year over year as of March 31, 2025) affecting, among others, the purchase power of consumers. However, in December 2024 the wage index increased 3.1% compared to the prior month, and 145.5% compared to December 31, 2023. This growth was mainly driven by increases of 2.8% in the registered private sector, 1.7% in the public sector, and 6.8% in the unregistered private sector. As a result, in 2024 the non-performing ratio of credit to private sector showed a significant improvement compared to 2023, decreasing from 3.7% in December 2023 to 1.6% in December 2024. Non-performing loans to companies also improved notably, decreasing from 4.4% at the end of 2023 to 0.8% in December 2024. Additionally, the Argentine financial system strengthened its coverage, with provisions representing 159.0% of the non-performing loan portfolio as of December 31, 2024, significantly exceeding the levels recorded in 2023.

If Argentina’s economic growth slows, there could be a substantial increase in the incidence of non-performing loans, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. If customers are not able to repay their loans, the quality of the Bank’s assets may deteriorate and loan loss provisions may increase, which could, in turn, adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Argentine financial institutions, including us, have significant exposure to public sector debt and its repayment or refinancing capacity, which in periods of uncertainty may negatively affect their results of operations.

To some extent, the value of the assets held by Argentine financial institutions, as well as their income generation capacity, is dependent on the public sector’s creditworthiness, which is in turn dependent on the Argentine government’s ability to promote sustainable long-term economic growth, generate tax revenues and control public spending.

Argentine financial institutions usually hold public sector debt issued by the national, provincial and municipal governments and securities issued by the Central Bank as part of their portfolios. During 2024, the exposure by Argentine financial institutions to public sector debt decreased, transferring a significant portion of such credit to the private sector. As a result, the real balance of credit in pesos to the private sector accumulated an increase of 50.5% as of December 31, 2024 compared to 2023. A significant portion of exposure to public sector debt, which was composed of instruments issued by the Central Bank, was replaced by treasury bills, and other public sector financing instruments. See “—Risks Relating to Argentina—The return to a persistent fiscal deficit could result in long lasting adverse consequences for the Argentine economy.”

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As of December 31, 2024, the exposure of the financial institutions to the public sector represented 30% of total assets. As of December 31, 2024, our exposure to the public sector amounted to Ps.980.0 billion, representing 21.6% of our total assets as of that date. As a result, our income-generating capacity may be materially impacted by the Argentine public sector’s debt repayment capacity and the performance of public sector bonds, which, in turn, is dependent on the factors referred to above.

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Should the public sector fail to fulfill its commitments in due time and proper form, this could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Increased competition and consolidation in the banking and financial industry could adversely affect our operations.

We expect competition in the banking and financial sector to continue to increase. Such increased competition in the banking and financial sector could reduce prices and margins (including spread between the interest rates on loans and deposits) and the volume of operations and our market share. Therefore, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

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If financial intermediation activity volumes relative to Argentina’s GDP are not restored to significant levels, the capacity of financial institutions, including the Bank, our main subsidiary, to generate profits may be negatively affected.

As a result of the 1999-2002 financial crisis, which adversely affected the Argentine economy, the volume of financial intermediation activity dropped dramatically: private sector credit plummeted from 24% of Argentina’s GDP in December 2000 to 7.7% in June 2004 and total deposits as a percentage of GDP fell from 31% to 23.2% during the same period. The depth of that crisis and the effect it had on depositors’ confidence in the financial system created uncertainty regarding its ability to act as an intermediary between savings and credit. Although private credit relative to GDP grew after the 1999-2002 financial crisis, the ratio of the total financial system’s private-sector deposits and loans to GDP remains low when compared to international levels and continues to be lower than the periods prior to the 1999-2002 crisis and also from prior years. As of December 31, 2024, the ratio of average private sector deposits (based on average volumes from September to December 2024) and average loans (based on average volumes from September to December 2024) to GDP was 14.3% and 9.4%, respectively, compared to 13.1% and 6.9% in 2023.

There is no assurance that financial intermediation activities will continue in a manner sufficient to reach the necessary volumes and businesses to provide financial institutions, including the Bank, with sufficient capacity to generate greater income, which may, in turn, impact our results of operations.

Enforcement of creditors’ rights in Argentina may be limited, costly and lengthy.

In the past, in order to protect debtors affected by the economic crisis in 2001 and 2002, the Argentine government adopted measures in the beginning of 2002 that suspended proceedings to enforce creditors’ rights upon debtor default, including mortgage foreclosures and bankruptcy petitions. More recently, the Argentine government took other temporary measures, such as the suspension of mortgage foreclosures during the COVID-19 pandemic, which limited the ability to enforce creditors’ rights.

Any such measures, and any other measures which may limit the ability of creditors, including us, to bring legal actions to recover unpaid loans or restricting creditors’ rights generally could have a material adverse effect on the financial system and on our business.

The Consumer Protection Law and the Credit Card Law may limit some of the rights afforded to us and our subsidiaries.

The application of the Argentine Consumer Protection Law No. 24,240 (as amended, the “Consumer Protection Law”), which establishes a number of rules and principles for the protection of consumers, and the Law No. 25,065 (as amended, the “Credit Card Law”), which sets forth several mandatory regulations designed to protect credit card holders, has increased the levels of intervention by administrative authorities and federal, provincial and municipal courts. Moreover, administrative and judicial authorities have issued various rules and regulations aimed at strengthening consumer protection.

In this context, the Central Bank issued regulations with respect to the protection of financial services customers, which grants broad protection to financial services customers, and limits fees and charges that financial institutions may validly collect from their clients. In addition, the Argentine Supreme Court created the Public Registry of Collective Proceedings to register collective proceedings (such as class actions) filed with national and federal courts. In the event that we or our subsidiaries are found liable for violations of any of the provisions of the Consumer Protection Law or the Credit Card Law, the potential penalties could limit some of our rights or our subsidiaries’ rights, for example, with respect to the ability to collect payments due from services and financing provided by the Bank or its subsidiaries, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

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Furthermore, the rules that govern the credit card business provide for variable caps on the rates and fees that financial entities may charge to clients, and enable courts to decrease the interest rates and fees agreed upon by the parties if they are deemed excessively high. The maintenance of limits imposed by the Central Bank and any further reduction in credit and debit card sales commisisions could adversely affect our profitability, results of operation and financial condition.

A change in the applicable law or court decisions lowering the cap on interest rates and fees would reduce the Bank’s revenues, which could negatively affect our consolidated results.

The maintenance or implementation of measures regarding the charging of fees and regulated rates could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

In the past, the Central Bank enacted regulations imposing limits on the fee amounts and interest rates that Argentine financial entities, including the Bank, can charge to their customers. As of the date of this annual report, these limitations apply only to certain financial products, including maximum interest rates on credit card transactions and specific deposit accounts. These limits may affect the interest rates and fees earned by us, potentially resulting in a reduction in our income or in the customer demand for our products. Additionally, if we increased the interest rates and fees that we charge to our customers (or if these interest rates and fees were raised by the Central Bank), the debt service obligations for our customers could expand, potentially leading to higher levels of delinquent loans or discouraging customers from borrowing. We cannot assure that the current limitations will remain unchanged or that the Central Bank may extend, tighten, or introduce additional restrictions in the future.

Interest rates and regulated fees are highly sensitive to many factors beyond our control, including domestic and international economic and political conditions, and increased competition in the banking sector. Changes in the demand for our services or increases in the levels of delinquency among our customers could have a material and adverse effect on our business and could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition.

Class actions against financial institutions for an undetermined amount may adversely affect the profitability of the financial system and of some of our subsidiaries such as the Bank and InvertirOnline S.A.U.

Certain public and private organizations have initiated class actions against financial institutions in Argentina, including the Bank and InvertirOnline S.A.U. See “Item 8.A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.” The Argentine constitution and the Consumer Protection Law contain certain provisions regarding class actions, although their guidance with respect to procedural rules for class action cases is limited. Argentine courts have admitted class actions in various lawsuits against financial entities related to “collective interests” such as alleged overcharging on products commissions and interest rates. Some of these lawsuits have been settled by the parties. These settlements have typically involved an undertaking by the financial institution to adjust the fees and charges. If class action plaintiffs were to prevail against financial institutions, their success could have an adverse effect on the financial industry and on our business.

In the future, court and administrative decisions may increase the degree of protection afforded to our debtors and other customers or be favorable to the claims brought by consumer groups or associations. This could affect the ability of financial institutions, including us, to freely determine charges, fees or expenses for their services and products, therefore affecting their business and results of operations.

We are exposed to compliance risks.

Due to the nature of our activities, we are exposed to certain compliance risks. We must comply with regulations regarding customer conduct, market conduct, the prevention of money laundering and the financing of terrorist activities, the protection of personal data, the restrictions established by national or international sanctions programs and anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the violations of which could lead to very significant penalties. As part of our business, we directly or indirectly, through third parties deal with entities whose employees are considered to be government officials. Our activities are also subject to complex customer protection and market integrity regulations.

Although we have adopted multiple policies, procedures, internal control systems and other measures to manage compliance risk, their effectiveness dependent on our employees and external suppliers for the implementation of these policies, procedures, systems and other measures, and we cannot assure you that these are sufficient or that our employees or other persons related to us or our business partners, agents and/or other third parties with a business or professional relationship with us do not circumvent or violate current

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regulations or our ethics and compliance regulations, acts for which such persons could be held ultimately responsible and/or that could damage our reputation. In particular, acts of misconduct by any employee, and particularly by senior management, could erode trust and confidence and damage our reputation among existing and potential clients and other stakeholders. Actual or alleged misconduct by us in any number of activities or circumstances, including operations, employment-related offenses such as sexual harassment and discrimination, regulatory compliance, the use and protection of data and systems, and the satisfaction of client expectations, and actions taken by regulators or others in response to such misconduct, could lead to, among other things, sanctions, fines and reputational damage, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may not be able to prevent third parties from using the banking network in order to launder money or carry out illegal or inappropriate activities. Moreover, financial crimes continually evolve and emerging technologies, such as cryptocurrencies and blockchain, could limit our ability to track the movement of funds. Additionally, in adverse economic conditions, it is possible that financial crime attempts will increase significantly.

If there is a breach of the applicable regulations or our ethics and compliance regulations or if the competent authorities consider that the Bank or one of our other subsidiaries do not perform the necessary due diligence inherent to their activities, such authorities could impose limitations on our activities, the revocation of our authorizations and licenses, and economic penalties, in addition to having significant consequences for our reputation, which could have a significant adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, we may conduct investigations related to violations of ethics and compliance regulations, and any such investigation or any related procedure could be time consuming and costly, and its results difficult to predict.

Exposure to multiple federal, provincial and/or municipal legislation and regulations could adversely affect our business or results of operations.

The Argentine government has historically exercised significant influence over the economy and financial institutions. In the past, several different bills to amend the Argentine Financial Institutions Law No. 21,526 (the “FIL”) have been put forth for review by the Argentine Congress, seeking to amend different aspects of the FIL, including an increase in governmental regulations on activities of financial entities and initiatives to make financial services more widely available.

Laws and regulations currently governing the economy and the banking sector may continue to change in the future, and any changes may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, a thorough amendment of the FIL would have a substantial effect on the banking system as a whole. If such a bill were passed, or any other amendment to the FIL be made, the subsequent changes in banking regulations may have adverse effects on financial institutions in general, and on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, Argentina has a federal system of government with 23 provinces and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, each of which, under the Argentine national constitution, has full power to enact legislation concerning taxes and other matters. Likewise, within each province, municipal governments have broad powers to regulate such matters. Due to the fact that our branches are located in multiple provinces, we are also subject to multiple provincial and municipal legislation and regulations. Future developments in provincial and municipal legislation concerning taxes, provincial regulations or other matters may adversely affect our business or results of operations.

As an example of the aforementioned, in the second half of 2020 and after the suspension of the 2017 fiscal consensus in late 2019, certain Argentine provinces (Córdoba, San Luis, Buenos Aires and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires) raised the tax rate on the turnover tax for banks. Additionally, in October 2020, the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires also eliminated a tax exemption on interest income received from instruments issued by the Central Bank as part of its monetary policy.

In January 2021, a legal action was filed against the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires in order to declare Laws No. 6,382 and No. 6,383 unconstitutional, which seek to burden the returns derived from securities, bonds, bills, certificates of participation (equity) and other instruments issued or to be issued in the future by the Argentine Central Bank with turnover tax. Such legal action was filed under File No. CAF 18156/2020 (“ADEBA Asociación Civil de Bancos Argentinos y otros c/GCBA y otro s/Proceso de Conocimiento”) by the Association of Banks and most of its members. The Argentine Central Bank has filed a legal action for the same purpose.

On December 21, 2022, the Argentine Supreme Court partially granted the precautionary measure filed by the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and ordered the Argentine government to deliver 2.95% of the funds referred to in Article 2 of Law 23,548 to the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. In addition, the Argentine Supreme Court ordered the Argentine government to

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refrain from applying Law 27,606, which sets the right of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires to participate in the collection of taxes administered by the Argentine government until the resolution of these legal proceedings. In July 2023, the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires claimed that the Argentine government owed payment of approximately Ps.148,000 million as a result of this matter. As a result, the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires filed a new motion against the Argentine government requesting to seize the funds due by the Argentine government and that the Argentine courts adopt pecuniary sanctions against certain government officials. As of the date of this annual report, the Argentine Executive Branch and the Executive Branch of the City of Buenos Aires have not yet reached a final agreement on the outstanding debt.

Risks Relating to Our Business

Changes in market conditions and any associated risks, including interest rate and currency exchange volatility, could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We are directly and indirectly affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk, or the risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues will be adversely affected by variations in market conditions, including interest rate and currency exchange volatility, is inherent in the products and instruments associated with our operations, including loans, deposits (including our recent expansion on demand deposits, through the launch of payroll accounts and SME accounts that pay interests), long-term debt and short-term borrowings, and our investments. A deterioration in the capital markets may cause us to record impairments due to a decrease in the value of our investment portfolios, in addition to losses caused by the volatility in financial market prices, even if the economy overall is not affected.

In particular, our results of operations depend to a great extent on our net financial income. In 2022, 2023 and 2024, net financial income represented 94.5%, 97.5% and 97.8%, respectively, of our net operating revenue. Changes in market interest rates could affect the interest rates earned on our interest-earning assets differently from the interest rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, leading to a reduction in our net financial income or a decrease in customer demand for our loan or deposit products. In addition, increases in interest rates could result in higher debt service obligations for our customers, which could, in turn, result in higher levels of delinquent loans or discourage customers from borrowing. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors beyond our control, including the minimum reserve policies of the Central Bank, regulation of the financial sector in Argentina, domestic and international economic and political conditions and other factors.

In addition, a percentage of our liquidity is derived from local banks and the local capital markets. As of December 31, 2024, our liquidity ratio was 56%, as measured by liquid assets, including cash, bank loans, government securities, net interbank loans, short-term placements with correspondent banks and repurchase agreement transactions in the local market, as a percentage of total deposits.

Any changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates could adversely affect our business, our future financial performance and the price of our securities.

Reduced spreads between interest rates on loans and those on deposits could adversely affect the Bank’s profitability.

Historically, the Argentine financial system witnessed a decrease in spreads between the interest rates on loans and deposits as a result of increased competition in the banking sector and the Argentine government’s tightening of monetary policy in response to inflation concerns. Frequent regulatory changes, high inflation and frequent currency devaluations have also led to fluctuations in interest rates which could also impact spreads. Moreover, from 2020 to March 2024 the Central Bank has imposed minimum interest rates paid on time deposits and maximum interest rates on credit cards financing, and established some credit lines to be granted to SMEs at preferential interest rates, pressuring margins downwards.

If we are not able to maintain profitable spreads between interest that we earn on the loans that we grant and the interest that we pay on the deposits that we hold (including those held in payroll accounts and SME accounts that pay interests), our results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely impacted.

In addition, a change in the composition of the source of funding, which includes a relevant portion of non-interest-bearing deposits, could also put downward pressure on margins. A change in the composition of the source of funding could result from lower interest rates, higher demand of credit and therefore a need to increase the amount of time deposits or other types of bearing interest liabilities. Further reduction in spreads could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation and financial condition. We cannot guarantee that interest rate spreads will remain attractive.

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Due to our exposure to middle and lower-middle-income individuals and SMEs, the quality of our loan portfolio is more susceptible to economic downturns and recessions.

Our loan portfolio is exposed to the segments of SMEs and middle and lower-middle-income individuals, which are more vulnerable to economic recessions than large corporations and higher income individuals. The quality of our portfolio of loans to SMEs and to individuals is therefore dependent to a large extent on domestic and international economic conditions. Consequently, we may experience higher levels of past due amounts, which could result in higher provisions for loan losses.

The loan portfolio of our Personal & Business Banking segment includes individuals and small business with annual sales of up to Ps.1.5 billion and SMEs with annual sales over Ps.1.5 billion and below Ps.10 billion. As of December 31, 2024, our Personal & Business Banking segment represented approximately 62% of the consolidated loan portfolio (net of provisions), of which 47.6% corresponded to individuals and 14.6% corresponded to small businesses and SMEs. As of December 31, 2024, our Personal & Business Banking segment (including commercial off balance sheet guarantees) represented approximately 57% of the consolidated loan portfolio (net of provisions), of which 43.9% corresponded to individuals and 13.5% corresponded to small businesses and SMEs. In addition, (i) 51% of our retail loan portfolio to individuals corresponded to loans granted to payroll and pension clients, (ii) 59% of our open market customers loan portfolio has collateral, (iii) 88% of our personal loans that we originate correspond to payroll customers (including senior citizens who receive their pensions and benefits through the Bank), and (iv) 59% of credit card volumes correspond to payroll customers (including senior citizens who receive their pensions and benefits through the Bank). A significant downturn in the Argentine economy could materially and adversely affect the liquidity, businesses and financial condition of our customers, which may in turn cause us to experience higher levels of non-performing loans, thereby resulting in higher provisions for loan losses and subsequent write-offs. This may materially and adversely affect the credit quality of our loan portfolio, our asset quality, our results of operations and our financial condition.

Our estimates and established reserves for credit risk and potential credit losses may prove to be insufficient, which may materially and adversely affect our asset quality and our results of operations and financial condition.

Pursuant to IFRS 9, the Bank, establish reserves for potential credit risk and losses related to changes in the levels of income of debtors/borrowers, increased rates of inflation, increased levels of non-performing loans or an increase in interest rates. This process requires a complex and subjective analysis whereby we rely on several models that estimate the distribution of possible losses arising out of the loan portfolio to calculate expected losses. The Bank’s models estimate distribution of possible loan portfolio losses, which depend on counterparties’ probability of default (“PD”), as well as the exposure at the time of default (“EAD”) and the proportion of each unfulfilled loan that the entity is able to recover (i.e., loss given default or “LGD”). Based on these parameters, we estimate our expected loss (“PE”) and economic capital At the same time, we assess expected credit losses (“ECL”), on a forward-looking basis, incorporating the impact of updated macroeconomic scenarios in the variables which we consider affect credit risk.

If we are unable to effectively control the level of non-performing or poor credit quality loans in the future, if our loan loss reserves are insufficient to cover future loan losses, or if we are required to increase our loan loss reserves due to an increase in the amount of our non-performing loans, our asset quality and our results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

We are a holding company and, as a result, we depend on our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends to us.

As a holding company, we conduct our operations through our subsidiaries, the largest of which is the Bank. Consequently, we do not operate or hold substantial assets, except for equity investments in our subsidiaries and temporary liquidity. Except for such assets, our ability to invest in our business developments and to repay obligations we may have in the future is subject to the funds generated by our subsidiaries and their ability to pay cash dividends. In the absence of such funds, we may have to resort to financing options at unappealing prices, rates and conditions. Additionally, such financing could be unavailable when we may need it.

Each of our subsidiaries is a separate legal entity and due to legal or contractual restrictions, as well as to their financial condition and operating requirements, they may not be able to distribute dividends to us. Our ability to develop our business, meet our payment obligations and pay dividends to our shareholders could be limited by restrictions preventing our subsidiaries from paying us dividends. Investors should take such restrictions into account when analyzing our investment developments and our ability to cancel our obligations.

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We may seek potential acquisitions or expand our business, but we may not be able to complete such acquisitions or expansion, or successfully integrate businesses that we acquire.

In the past, in addition to organic growth, we have expanded our business through acquisitions. We expect to continue considering acquisition opportunities that we believe may add value and are compatible with our business strategy. In addition, we may continue to implement business strategies in order to expand our business.

In this respect, we may not be able to continue to identify opportunities or consummate acquisitions, or implement business strategies, leading to economically favorable results. We cannot assure you that any future acquisition or other actions taken to expand our business will, if required, be authorized by the Central Bank, which would limit our ability to implement our growth strategy. In addition, in the event that an acquisition opportunity or business strategy is identified and authorized, successful integration of the acquired business or strategy entails significant risks, including compatibility of operations and systems, unexpected contingencies, employee retention, compliance, customer retention, and delays in the integration process.

The Bank’s revenues from its business with senior citizens could decrease or cease to grow if the agreement with ANSES is terminated or not renewed.

Since 1996, the Bank has acted as one of the paying agents of social security payments to senior citizens on behalf of the government pursuant to an agreement with ANSES that must be signed by any bank that intends to pay pensions or benefits on behalf of ANSES. The agreement with ANSES expired on June 30, 2023. On July 25, 2023, ANSES issued Resolution No. 151/2023 which sets forth the new procedure of, and establishes new requirements for, the payment of social benefits, and the obligation of the banks that pay pensions or benefits on behalf of ANSES to sign new agreements with ANSES. The banks (including Banco Supervielle) are in the process of negotiating a new agreement with ANSES. In December 2024, the Bank made payments on behalf of ANSES to approximately 577,000 senior citizens and beneficiaries. Offering this service to senior citizens allows the Bank ready access to a pool of potential consumers of financial services. The Bank derives an important part of its revenues (10.7% in 2024) from the sale of financial services to senior citizens. The Bank has invested in cutting-edge service models and products that facilitate its senior citizen customers to make transactions. The Bank is prepared to continue to offer its services within the framework of the new agreement to be entered into with ANSES and to continue to be a leading bank in providing pension service payments.

The termination of the agreement with ANSES or ANSES’s failure to add new senior citizens to the payment service could have a negative effect on our business and results of operations.

Our controlling shareholder has the ability to direct our business, and potential conflicts of interest could arise.

Our controlling shareholder, Julio Patricio Supervielle, directly or beneficially owned as of April 21, 2025, 61,738,188 Class A shares with 5 votes per share and 50,621,278 Class B shares with one vote per share. Virtually all decisions made by shareholders will continue to be directed by our controlling shareholder. He may, without the concurrence of the remaining shareholders, elect a majority of our directors, effect or prevent a merger, sale of assets or other business acquisition or disposition, cause us to issue additional equity securities, effect a redemption of shares, effect a related party transaction and determine the timing and amounts of dividends, if any. According to our bylaws, a two-thirds vote by our Class A shares is required, regardless of the percentage of our total capital they represent, in order for us to duly resolve a merger with another company, a voluntary dissolution, our relocation abroad, and a fundamental change in our corporate purpose. As of the date of this report, Mr. Supervielle owns 100 % of Class A shares. Mr. Supervielle’s interests may conflict with your interests as a holder of Class B shares or ADSs, and he may take actions that might be desirable to him but not to other stakeholders.

Ope r at i on a l r i sks m a y negatively i m p ac t our bu s i ne s s a nd re s ults of o perations.

Operational risks could arise in our business, including potential losses resulting from inadequate or failed internal and external processes, systems, or human error, fraud, the effects of natural or man-made catastrophic events (such as natural disasters or pandemics) or from other external events. Exposure to such events could disrupt our systems and operations significantly, which may result in financial losses and reputational damage.

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Financial institutions are also susceptible to fraud by employees or external parties, unauthorized transactions, adverse legal outcomes, and operational errors, including technology failures. Given the high volume of transactions that we process, errors may occur and, in some cases, remain undetected for a period of time. Moreover, non-automated processes increase the likelihood of human error

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or manipulation, making it more difficult to detect and address potential losses in a timely manner. The occurrence of any one or more of the above events could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Cybersecurity events could negatively affect our reputation, re s ults of o perations and financial condition.

We rely on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our platforms, data processing networks, communication, and internet-based information exchange, including systems related to the operation of our online platforms and ATM network. We have access to large amounts of confidential financial information and control substantial financial assets belonging to our customers and each of our companies. Additionally, we provide our customers with continuous remote access to their accounts and the ability to securely transfer substantial financial assets through electronic means. Therefore, a cybersecurity breach represents a significant risk for us.

Cybersecurity incidents, such as computer intrusions, viruses, ransomware, denial-of-service attacks, phishing, identity theft, and other disruptions, could adversely affect the security of the information stored and transmitted through our computer systems and network infrastructure, potentially causing existing and potential customers to refrain from doing business with us. The global context and the adoption of hybrid work methodologies (in-person/home-office) mean that a portion of our workforce works remotely, as well as the adoption of digital channels, which could exacerbate certain risks for our business, including increased reliance on information technology (“IT”) resources, higher phishing risk and other cybersecurity attacks. Additionally, there is a higher risk of unauthorized dissemination of sensitive personal information.

It is widely known that there has been an exponential increase in the number of cybersecurity attacks conducted via email, instant messaging systems and social networks, including those of our vendors and other third parties that work with us. As cyberattacks evolve and become more sophisticated, companies strengthen their prevention and monitoring mechanisms and adopt new measures to mitigate cybersecurity risks, including those related to remote work security and third parties. Although we have insurance policies that protect us against cyber incidents, our monitoring capabilities have been reinforced, paying special attention to critical assets supporting business processes to prevent the materialization of threats, and, when necessary, to identify and respond immediately to any security incident that may occur. Additionally, monitoring the Clear, Deep, and Dark web to protect our customers by identifying and acting preventively against possible phishing, smishing, and brand abuse attacks. Our operating systems and networks have been, and will continue to be, subject to cybersecurity threats that are constantly evolving, and in the same way, our security technology platforms and operational procedures evolve to prevent damage.

Although we intend to continue implementing and updating our security technology devices and operational procedures to prevent cybersecurity damages, our systems may not be free from vulnerability and these security countermeasures may be defeated. If any of these events occur, our reputation could be damaged, entailing serious costs and affecting our business, as well as our results of operations and financial condition.

Our business is highly dependent on properly functioning IT systems, including artificial intelligence, and improvements to such systems.

Our business is highly dependent on the ability of our teams to develop solutions according to what our customers need, having technology systems that allow an effective management and enable processing a large number of transactions across numerous and diverse markets, products and regulations in a timely manner. In addition, our customers have the possibility to access to their finances remotely, whenever they want or wherever they are, and to transfer substantial financial assets by electronic means. The proper functioning of our financial control, risk and fraud management, accounting, cybersecurity, customer service and other data processing systems is critical to our business and to our ability to compete effectively, as we are a customer centric company. Also, as our business activities may be materially disrupted if there were a partial or complete failure of any of our IT systems or our communication networks, we have implemented a contingency framework, supported by a business continuity program and an IT risk management program. Additionally, we have established a Cybersecurity Center of Excellence within our operating model. Although from time to time we may face events that might be caused by, among other things, software bugs, computer virus attacks or intrusions, phishing, identity theft or conversion errors due to system upgrading, we have implemented remediate plans to reduce their frequency. In addition, any security breach caused by unauthorized access to information or systems, or intentional malfunctions or loss or corruption of data, software, hardware or other computer equipment, could have a material adverse effect on our customers experience, as well as on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to remain competitive and achieve further growth will depend on the loyalty of our customers and on our ability to keep our IT systems upgraded with all the features that our customers need. In addition, our IT systems must be available without

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interruptions in order to increase our capacity on a timely and cost-effective basis. Any disruption or substantial failure to improve or upgrade IT systems effectively or on a timely basis could materially affect us.

In addition, we utilize, and will continue exploring further uses of, artificial intelligence in connection with our business, products and services, under the governance guidelines established by our data and artificial intelligence center. However, there are significant risks involved in utilizing artificial intelligence and no assurance can be provided that its use will enhance its products or services or produce the intended results. If the artificial intelligence solutions that we use are deficient, inaccurate or controversial, it could incur operational inefficiencies, competitive harm, legal liability, brand or reputational harm, or other adverse impacts on its business and financial results. Additionally, if any of our employees, contractors, vendors or service providers use any third-party artificial intelligence-powered solutions in connection with our business, it may lead to the inadvertent public disclosure of our proprietary, confidential, sensitive or personal information which may impact our ability to realize the benefit of our intellectual property or proprietary, confidential, sensitive or personal information, harming our competitive position and business.

Our policies and procedures may not be able to detect money laundering and other illegal or improper activities fully or on a timely basis, which could expose us to fines and other liabilities.

We are required to comply with applicable anti-money laundering laws, anti-terrorism financing laws and other regulations. These laws and regulations require us, among other things, to adopt and enforce “know your customer” policies and procedures and to report suspicious or large transactions to the applicable regulatory authorities. While we have adopted policies and procedures aimed at detecting and preventing the use of banking networks for money laundering activities and by terrorists and terrorist-related organizations and individuals generally, such policies and procedures may not completely eliminate instances where they may be used by other parties to engage in money laundering and other illegal or improper activities. Further, we could become subject to future regulatory requirements beyond those currently proposed, adopted or contemplated. In addition, applicable regulations may provide for the imposition of fines or penalties for noncompliance even though such noncompliance was inadvertent or unintentional.

If we fail to fully comply with applicable laws and regulations, the relevant government authorities to which they report have the power and authority to impose fees, fines, penalties or restrictions on our business. In addition, our businesses and reputation could be negatively affected if customers use our financial institutions for money laundering or illegal or improper purposes and, as a result, we could lose customers or be exposed to other negative consequences, which could have a material adverse effect on our business results of operations and financial condition. As of the date of this annual report, we have not been subject to material fines or other penalties, and we have not suffered business or reputational harm, as a result of any money laundering activities in the past.

We are exposed to risks in connection with climate change.

We are exposed to risks in connection with climate change as a result of our financial activities. These risks may be classified into two types of risks:

1)physical risks, which arise from climate changes that impact the economy such as flooding, wildfires, earthquakes and extreme weather impacts, including extreme heat and sea level rise. These events could have a negative impact on our operations or those of our customers or third parties on which we rely and do business with.; and
2)transition risks, which arise from the transition to a low-carbon economy through changes in regulations, policies, technologies and consumer preferences, among others, which could negatively impact our expenses, investments and business strategies.

These categories of risks could materialize, among others, in the following risks:

●Legal and regulatory risks. Banking regulators, such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the Argentine Central Bank, supervisory authorities, investors and other stakeholders have increasingly showed interest in the role of financial institutions as key actors to address the risks related to climate change. Regulatory changes regarding how banks manage climate risk may result in higher compliance, operational and credit risks and costs.
●Technological risks. Certain of our counterparties, customers or related parties may be adversely affected by the progressive transition to a low-carbon economy and/or risks associated with new low-carbon technologies. If our customers and

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counterparties fail to adapt to the transition to a low-carbon economy, or if the costs of doing so adversely affect their creditworthiness, this could adversely affect our loan portfolio.
●Market and liquidity risks. The funding costs of businesses that are perceived to be more exposed to climate and environmental risks could increase, which may result in the deterioration of their creditworthiness and credit ratings, adversely affecting our loan portfolio. The Group could also be adversely affected by changes in demand brought by climate change, as well as changes in energy and commodity prices, corporate bonds, equities and certain derivatives contracts.
●Reputational risks. The perception of our customers or the communities in which we operate on our practices related to climate change and the transition to a lower-carbon economy may damage our reputation. In addition, increased scrutiny of climate change-related policies and disclosure may result in litigation and regulatory investigations and/or actions.

We are also exposed to potential long-term risks arising from climate change and environmental damage, such as a deterioration of credit assets due to the impairment of macroeconomic conditions as a result of climate-related risks.

We take climate change into consideration within our social economic and environmental risk policies and we are committed to enhance processes to embed climate risk considerations into our core processes and risk management cycle. However, the nature of the risk drivers related to climate change may not be predictable and is rapidly evolving. Therefore, our risk management strategies may not be effective in mitigating climate risk exposure. As the risks, perspective and focus of regulators, shareholders, customers, employees, and other stakeholders regarding climate change are evolving rapidly, it can be challenging to evaluate the real impact of climate change-related risks, compliance risks, and uncertainties on our activity. Any of these factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from investors and other market participants with respect to our Environmental, Social and Governance policies may impose additional costs on us or expose us to additional risks.

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Companies across multiple industries are facing increasing scrutiny relating to their environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) policies. Investor advocacy groups, certain institutional investors and other market participants are increasingly focused on ESG practices and in recent years have focused on the implications and social cost of their investments. We may face increasing pressures from investors and other market participants, who are increasingly focused on climate change, to prioritize sustainable energy practices, reduce our carbon footprint, and promote sustainability. As a result, we may be required to implement changes to our ESG policies, which could increase our costs. If we do not adapt to investor or other industry shareholder expectations and standards, which are evolving, or if we are perceived to have not responded appropriately to the growing concern for ESG issues, we may suffer from reputational damage and, as a result, our business and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

On March 6, 2024, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) adopted final rules requiring extensive climate-related and ESG-related disclosures in companies’ annual reports and registration statements. These final rules would add extensive and prescriptive disclosure items requiring companies to disclose climate-related risks and certain emissions. However, these rules were challenged in the U.S. federal courts and, in April 2024, the SEC announced that it would voluntarily stay the effectiveness of the rules pending judicial review. On February 11, 2025, the acting chairperson of the SEC stated that the rules were deeply flawed, and requested the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals to pause the litigation. It is unclear if the rules will be enforced or repealed. Costs of compliance with these new rules, if they are enacted, may be significant and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

The evolving nature of ESG regulations and the potential adoption of new climate-related rules by the SEC create uncertainty regarding future compliance requirements and enforcement actions. Failure to anticipate or adapt to regulatory developments in a timely manner could expose us to regulatory scrutiny, penalties and legal disputes, which could have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Risks Relating to Our Class B Shares and the ADSs

Holders of our Class B shares and the ADSs may not receive any dividends.

We are a holding company and our ability to pay dividends depends on the cash flow and distributable income of our operating subsidiaries. We and our subsidiaries are subject to contractual, legal and regulatory requirements affecting our ability to pay dividends.

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In particular, dividend distribution by the Bank is subject to the requirements established by the rules of the Central Bank, as amended from time to time. Pursuant to such regulations, dividend distributions shall be admitted as long as none of the following circumstances apply: (i) the financial institution is subject to a liquidation procedure or the mandatory transfer of assets ordered by the Central Bank in accordance with section 34 or 35 bis of the FIL; (ii) the financial institution is receiving financial assistance from the Central Bank; (iii) the financial institution is not in compliance with its reporting obligations to the Central Bank; (iv) the financial institution is not in compliance with minimum capital requirements (both on an individual and consolidated basis and excluding any individual franchise granted by the Superintendency) (Superintendencia de Entidades Financieras y Cambiarias, or “Superintendency”) and with minimum cash reserves (on average), whether in Pesos, foreign currency or securities issued by the public sector; (v) if the average minimum cash reserve is lower than the amount of cash required by the latest reported position or the pro forma position after making the dividend payment; and/or (vi) if the financial institution did not comply with the applicable Additional Capital Margins (as defined below). Financial institutions that comply with all of the above mentioned conditions may distribute dividends up to an amount equal to: (i) the positive balance of the account “unappropriated earnings” (resultados no asignados) at the end of the fiscal year, plus (ii) voluntary reserves for future payments of dividends, minus (iii) voluntary reserves and mandatory statutory reserves registered as of that date and other items, such as (a) 100% of the debit balance of each of the items recorded under “Other accumulated comprehensive income,” (b) the result from the revaluation of property, plant, equipment and intangible assets and investment properties, (c) the net positive balance of the book-value and the market-value of certain public debt securities and Central Bank notes that the financial institution owns that are not marked to market, (d) unrecorded adjustments of asset value informed by the Superintendency or mentioned by external auditors on their report, and (e) individual exemptions for asset valuation granted by the Superintendency.

Although distribution of dividends to us by the Bank has been authorized by the Central Bank in the past, it is possible that in the future the Central Bank may limit the Bank’s ability to distribute dividends approved by its shareholders at the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting without its prior consent, or such authorization may not be for the full amount of distributable dividends.

Restrictions on transfers of foreign exchange and the repatriation of capital from Argentina may impair your ability to receive dividends and distributions on, and the proceeds for any sale of, the Class B shares underlying the ADSs.

Exchange controls currently in place could impair or prevent the conversion of anticipated dividends, distributions, or the proceeds from any sale of Class B shares, as the case may be, from Pesos into U.S. dollars and the remittance of the U.S. dollars abroad. In particular, with respect to the dividends and distributions on any sale of Class B shares underlying the ADSs, as of the date of this annual report, the conversion from Pesos into U.S. dollars and the remittance of such U.S. dollars abroad is subject to prior Central Bank approval, which may not be granted. Access to the foreign exchange market (“Foreign Exchange Market”) to pay dividends to non-resident shareholders is granted subject to the following conditions:

| o | Maximum amounts: the total amount of transfers made through the Foreign Exchange Market for payment of dividends to non-resident shareholders may not exceed the 30% of the total value of the capital contributions made in the relevant local company that entered and settled through the Foreign Exchange Market as of January 17, 2020. The total amount paid to non-resident shareholders shall not exceed the corresponding amount denominated in Pesos determined by the shareholders’ meeting to be distributed as dividends.

| o | Minimum Period: access to the Foreign Exchange Market will only be granted after a period of not less than thirty (30) calendar days has elapsed as from the date of the settlement of the last capital contribution that is taken into account for determining the aforementioned 30% cap.

| o | Documentation requirements: dividends must be the result of closed and audited balance sheets. When requesting access to the Foreign Exchange Market for this purpose, evidence of the definitive capitalization of capital contributions must be provided or, in lack thereof, evidence of filing of the process of registration of the capital contribution before the Public Registry shall be provided. In this case, evidence of the definitive capitalization shall be provided within 365 calendar days from the date of the initial filing with the Public Registry. If applicable, the external assets and liabilities reporting regime set forth by Communication “A” 6401 of the Central Bank (the “External Assets and Liabilities Reporting Regime”) shall have been complied with.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, pursuant to Communication “A” 8226, financial institutions are authorized to grant clients access to the Foreign Exchange Market to remit foreign currency abroad as profits and dividends to non-resident shareholders, provided that those distributions arise from distributable earnings based on net income reported in audited annual financial statements for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2025.

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If the exchange rate fluctuates significantly during a time when the Depositary (as defined in “Item 12.D. American Depositary Shares”) cannot convert or reinvest the foreign currency, you may lose some or all of the value of the dividend distribution. Also, if payments cannot be made in U.S. dollars abroad, the repatriation of any funds collected by foreign investors in Pesos in Argentina may also be subject to restriction. Moreover, available mechanisms to receive dividends in U.S. dollars may involve a significantly higher implicit exchange rate. See “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls.”

Our securities are traded on more than one market and this may result in price variations; in addition, investors may not be able to easily move shares for trading between these markets.

In addition to the trading of our ADSs in the United States and countries other than Argentina, our Class B shares are traded in Argentina. Trading in the ADSs or our Class B shares on these markets will take place in different currencies (U.S. dollars on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and Pesos on ByMA), and at different times (resulting from different time zones, different trading days and different public holidays in the United States and Argentina). The trading prices of these securities on these two markets may differ due to these and other factors. Any decrease in the price of our Class B shares on the ByMA could cause a decrease in the trading price of the ADSs on the NYSE. Investors could seek to sell or buy our shares to take advantage of any price differences between the markets through a practice referred to as arbitrage. Any arbitrage activity could create unexpected volatility in both our share prices on one exchange, and the ADSs available for trading on the other exchange. In addition, holders of ADSs will not be immediately able to surrender their ADSs and withdraw the underlying Class B shares for trading on the other market without effecting necessary procedures with the Depositary. This could result in time delays and additional cost for holders of ADSs.

Under Argentine Corporate Law, shareholder rights may be fewer or less well defined than in other jurisdictions.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our bylaws and by the Argentine General Corporations Law, which differ from the legal principles that would apply if we were incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States (such as Delaware or New York), or in other jurisdictions outside Argentina. Thus, your rights or the rights of holders of our Class B shares under the Argentine General Corporations Law to protect your or their interests relative to actions by our Board of Directors may be fewer and less well defined than under the laws of those other jurisdictions. Although insider trading and price manipulation are illegal under Argentine law, the Argentine securities markets may not be as highly regulated or supervised as the U.S. securities markets or markets in some of the other jurisdictions. In addition, rules and policies against self-dealing and regarding the preservation of shareholder interests may be less well defined and enforced in Argentina than in the United States, or other jurisdictions outside Argentina, putting holders of our Class B shares and the ADSs at a potential disadvantage.

Holders of our Class B shares and the ADSs located in the United States may not be able to exercise preemptive rights.

Under the Argentine General Corporations Law, if we issue new shares as part of a capital increase, our shareholders may have the right to subscribe to a proportional number of shares to maintain their existing ownership percentage. Rights to subscribe for shares in these circumstances are known as preemptive rights, pursuant to the Argentine General Corporations Law. In addition, shareholders are entitled to the right to subscribe for the unsubscribed shares remaining at the end of a preemptive rights offering on a pro rata basis, which are known as accretion rights. Upon the occurrence of any future increase in our capital stock, United States holders of Class B shares or ADSs will not be able to exercise the preemptive and related accretion rights for such Class B shares or ADSs unless a registration statement under the Securities Act is effective with respect to such Class B shares or ADSs or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is available. We are not obligated to file a registration statement with respect to those Class B shares or ADSs. We may not file such a registration statement, or an exemption from registration may not be available. Unless those Class B shares or ADSs are registered or an exemption from registration applies, a U.S. holder of our Class B shares or ADSs may receive only the net proceeds from those preemptive rights and accretion rights if those rights can be sold by the Depositary; if they cannot be sold, they will be allowed to lapse. Furthermore, the equity interest of holders of Class B shares or ADSs located in the United States may be diluted proportionately upon future capital increases.

Your voting rights with respect to the ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement.

Holders may exercise voting rights with respect to the Class B shares underlying ADSs only in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. There are no provisions under Argentine law or under our bylaws that limit ADS holders’ ability to exercise their voting rights through the depositary with respect to the underlying Class B shares, except if the depositary is a foreign entity and it is not registered with the Inspección General de Justicia (“IGJ”), and in this case, the depositary is registered with the IGJ. However, there are practical limitations upon the ability of ADS holders to exercise their voting rights due to the additional procedural steps involved in communicating with such holders. For example, Argentine Capital Markets Law requires us to notify our shareholders by

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publications in certain official and private newspapers of at least 20 and no more than 45 days in advance of any shareholders’ meeting. ADS holders will not receive any notice of a shareholders’ meeting directly from us. In accordance with the deposit agreement, we will provide the notice to the Depositary, which will in turn, if we so request, as soon as practicable thereafter provide to each ADS holder:

| o | the notice of such meeting;

| o | voting instruction forms; and

| o | a statement as to the manner in which instructions may be given by holders.

To exercise their voting rights, ADS holders must then provide instructions to the Depositary on how to vote the shares underlying ADSs. Because of the additional procedural step involves the Depositary, the process for exercising voting rights will take longer for ADS holders than for holders of Class B shares.

Except as described in this annual report, holders will not be able to exercise voting rights attaching to the ADSs.

The relative volatility and illiquidity of the Argentine securities markets may substantially limit your ability to sell Class B shares underlying the ADSs at the price and time you desire.

Investing in securities that trade in emerging countries, such as Argentina, often involves greater risk than investing in securities of issuers in the United States. The Argentine securities market is substantially smaller, less liquid, more concentrated and can be more volatile than major securities markets in the United States, and is not as highly regulated or supervised as some of these other markets. There is also significantly greater concentration in the Argentine securities market than in major securities markets in the United States. As of December 31, 2024, the ten largest companies in terms of market capitalization represented approximately 80% of the aggregate market capitalization of the S&P Merval index. Accordingly, although you are entitled to withdraw the Class B shares underlying the ADSs from the Depositary at any time, your ability to sell such shares at a price and time at which you wish to do so may be substantially limited. Furthermore, exchange controls imposed by the Central Bank could have the effect of further impairing the liquidity of the ByMA by making it unattractive for non-Argentines to buy shares in the secondary market in Argentina. See “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls.”

Substantial sales of our Class B shares or the ADSs could cause the price of the Class B shares or of the ADSs to decrease.

We have shareholders, including Patricio Supervielle, that own a substantial amount of our Class B shares or ADSs. If such shareholders decide to sell a substantial amount of our Class B shares or the ADSs, or if the market perceives they intend to sell a substantial amount of our Class B shares or the ADSs, the market price of our Class B shares or the ADSs could drop significantly.

Our shareholders may be subject to liability for certain votes of their securities.

Our shareholders are not liable for our obligations. Instead, shareholders are generally liable only for the payment of the shares they subscribe. However, shareholders who have a conflict of interest with us and who do not abstain from voting may be held liable for damages to us, but only if the transaction would not have been approved without such shareholders’ votes. Furthermore, shareholders who willfully or negligently vote in favor of a resolution that is subsequently declared void by a court as contrary to the Argentine General Corporations Law or our bylaws may be held jointly and severally liable for damages to us or to other third parties, including other shareholders.

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We are organized under the laws of Argentina and holders of the ADSs may find it difficult to enforce civil liabilities against us, our directors, officers and certain experts.

We are organized under the laws of Argentina. A significant portion of our and our subsidiaries’ assets are located outside the United States. Furthermore, all of our directors and officers and some advisors named in this annual report reside in Argentina. Investors may not be able to effect service of process within the United States upon such persons or to enforce against them or us in United States courts judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States. Likewise, it may also be difficult for an investor to enforce in United States courts judgments obtained against us or these persons in courts located in jurisdictions outside the United States, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal

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securities laws. It may also be difficult for an investor to bring an original action in an Argentine court predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us or such persons.

Prior to any enforcement in Argentina, a judgment issued by a U.S. court will be subject to the requirements of articles 517 through 519 of the Argentine Federal Civil and Commercial Procedure Code if enforcement is sought before federal courts or courts with jurisdiction in commercial matters of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Those requirements are: (1) the judgment, which must be valid and final in the jurisdiction where rendered, was issued by a competent court in accordance with the Argentine principles regarding international jurisdiction and resulted from a personal action, or an in rem action with respect to personal property which was transferred to Argentine territory during or after the prosecution of the foreign action; (2) the defendant against whom enforcement of the judgment is sought was personally served with the summons and, in accordance with due process of law, was given an opportunity to defend against foreign action; (3) the judgment must be valid in the jurisdiction where rendered, and its authenticity must be established in accordance with the requirements of Argentine law; (4) the judgment does not violate the principles of public policy of Argentine law; and (5) the judgment is not contrary to a prior or simultaneous judgment of an Argentine court. Any document in a language other than Spanish, including, without limitation, the foreign judgment and other documents related thereto, requires filing with the relevant court of a duly legalized translation by a sworn public translator into the Spanish language.

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Item 4.Information of the Company

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Item 4.A History and development of the Company

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We are a financial group with a long-standing presence in the Argentine financial system and a leading competitive position in certain attractive market segments. We are controlled by Julio Patricio Supervielle. We trace our history back more than 130 years, when the Supervielle family, predecessors of our controlling shareholder, first entered the Argentine financial services industry in 1887. Below is a brief history of our company, including the participation of the Supervielle family.

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Supervielle y Cía. Banqueros

The predecessors of our controlling shareholder emigrated from France in the second half of the 19th century and established L.B. Supervielle y Cía. Banque Francaise (later Banco de Montevideo S.A.) in Montevideo, Uruguay. In 1887, they established Supervielle y Cía. Banqueros (a subsidiary of L.B. Supervielle y Cía. Banque Francaise) in Buenos Aires. Supervielle y Cía. Banqueros offered demand deposits, time deposits, savings accounts, securities trading orders, purchases and sales of foreign currency and drafts and letters of credit payable in European financial centers. Luis Bernardo Supervielle managed the bank until his death in 1901, whereupon the bank’s management transferred to his son, Luis Supervielle, and subsequently to Esteban Barón, son-in-law of Luis Bernardo Supervielle, who in 1905 became president of Supervielle y Cía. Banqueros. Mr. Barón managed the bank from 1905 until 1930, and subsequently served on the board of the bank as an honorary president until 1964. Mr. Barón’s son, Andrés Barón, joined the bank in 1925 and took over its general management in 1930, also becoming chairman of the board of the bank in 1940. He carried out these functions until 1964, and then served on the board of the bank as an honorary president.

On December 30, 1940, Banco Supervielle de Buenos Aires S.A., a bank controlled by the Barón and Supervielle families, acquired the assets and liabilities of Supervielle y Cía. Banqueros and listed its shares on the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange. Esteban Barón and his son, Andrés Barón Supervielle, continued to manage the operations of this bank until 1964.

In 1964, Société Générale (Paris) acquired a majority of the capital stock of Banco Supervielle de Buenos Aires S.A. from the Barón and Supervielle families, transforming it into a universal bank with 60 branches and a significant presence in the corporate market. Following the acquisition of control by Société Générale, the Supervielle family had no role in the management of Banco Supervielle. In 1997, Banco Supervielle de Buenos Aires S.A. created Société Générale Asset Management Sociedad Gerente de FCI S.A. In March 2000, the name Banco Supervielle de Buenos Aires S.A. was changed to Banco Société Générale S.A.

Banco Banex S.A.

In 1969, Jules Henri Supervielle, the father of Julio Patricio Supervielle, our controlling shareholder, and cousin of the Supervielle family members who had owned and managed Banco Supervielle de Buenos Aires S.A. until 1964, founded Exprinter de Finanzas S.A., which became Exprinter Banco S.A. in 1991. On July 15, 1996, Exprinter Banco S.A. acquired 100% of the capital stock of Banco San Luis S.A. pursuant to a public bidding process organized by its owner, the Province of San Luis. The acquisition was part of a strategic plan aimed at growing in the interior of Argentina and penetrating the retail and the SMEs segments. In 1998, Exprinter Banco S.A. and Banco San Luis S.A. merged to create Banco San Luis S.A. Banco Comercial Minorista, and was later renamed Banco Banex S.A. In 2001, Banco Banex S.A. acquired several branches of Banco Balcarce S.A.

Creation of Holding Company

Grupo Supervielle was incorporated in the City of Buenos Aires in 1979, under the name Inversiones y Participaciones S.A., changing the name to Grupo Supervielle S.A. in November 2008.

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Acquisition of Banco Société Générale S.A. by Banco Banex S.A.

In March 2005, the Central Bank approved the purchase by Banco Banex S.A. of a majority stake in Banco Société Générale S.A., Supervielle Asset Management Sociedad Gerente de FCI S.A. and Sofital. Upon consummation of this acquisition, Banco Société Générale S.A.’s corporate name was changed to Banco Supervielle S.A. At the time of the purchase, the total assets of Banco Banex S.A. were 61.3% of the total assets of Banco Societé Générale S.A.

Merger of Banco Banex S.A. and Banco Supervielle S.A.

In July 2007, with the prior approval of the Central Bank, Banco Banex S.A. merged into the Bank.

Acquisition of Banco Regional de Cuyo S.A.

In September 2008, the Bank finalized the acquisition of 99.94% of the capital stock of Banco Regional de Cuyo S.A. The Banco Regional de Cuyo S.A. merged with and into the Bank in November 2010.

Creation of Espacio Cordial de Servicios S.A.

In October 2012, our Board of Directors approved the creation of ECM S.A., which was later renamed Espacio Cordial de Servicios S.A. Cordial Servicios is an entity created to sell non-financial products and services, such as insurance plans and coverage, tourism packages, health insurance and health services, electric appliances and furniture, insurance mechanisms and plans and alarm systems.

Acquisition of Supervielle Seguros S.A.

In February 2013, we and Sofital accepted an offer for the acquisition of 100% of the shares of an insurance company named Aseguradores de Créditos del Mercosur S.A. In June 2013, 95% of the shares of Aseguradores de Créditos del Mercosur S.A. were transferred to us and the remaining 5% of the shares were transferred to Sofital. In October 2013, Aseguradores de Créditos del Mercosur S.A. was renamed Supervielle Seguros S.A.

International IPO in May 2016

Since May 19, 2016, the ordinary Class B shares of Grupo Supervielle S.A. are listed on ByMA, and its ADSs, each of which represents five ordinary Class B shares, are listed on the NYSE under the ticker “SUPV.” At the time, Grupo Supervielle made an initial public offer of its Class B shares in Argentina and of its ADSs in the international markets for an aggregate amount of U.S.$323 million. Through the offering, Grupo Supervielle placed 146,625,087 ordinary Class B shares, of which 137,095,955 were placed internationally in the form of ADSs. In the offering, 114,807,087 were newly issued ordinary Class B shares while 31,818,000 were sold pursuant to a secondary offering.

Capitalization of an in-kind contribution and resulting capital stock increase

At the ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting of Grupo Supervielle in 2017, the shareholders of Grupo Supervielle approved the capitalization of an in-kind contribution of 7,672,412 shares of common stock of Sofital made by Mr. Julio Patricio Supervielle and an increase of the capital stock of Grupo Supervielle through the issuance of up to 8,032,032 new Class B shares. In connection with the capital increase, a total of 7,494,710 new Class B shares were subscribed as follows: (i) 4,321,208 were issued to Mr. Julio Patricio Supervielle in return for the in-kind contribution, representing 57.7% of the total capital increase, and (ii) 3,173,502 Class B shares were issued to existing shareholders of Grupo Supervielle who exercised their preemptive and accretion rights with respect to the capital increase, representing 42.3% of the total capital increase.

Successful completion of follow-on and capital increase

In September 2017, Grupo Supervielle made an increase of capital stock through an offer of Class B shares. Simultaneously with the offer, Grupo Supervielle made an offer of preemptive and accretive rights of Class B shares to existing shareholders. As a result of the offer, Grupo Supervielle issued a total of 85,449,997 new Class B shares for a total of U.S.$344 million.

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Creation of Fideicomiso Financiero Fintech Supervielle I

In 2018, our Board of Directors approved the creation of Fideicomiso Financiero Fintech Supervielle I to invest in financial technology (fintech) and insurance technology (insurtech) start up projects in an amount up to U.S.$3 million. The Fideicomiso Financiero Fintech Supervielle I has made investments with minor participations in the following start-up projects since its creation: 123Seguro, Increase, Avancargo, Blended, SixClovers and Lemon Cash. The Fideicomiso Financiero Fintech Supervielle I is financed by Grupo Supervielle and the Bank. On July 15, 2022, the Fideicomiso Financiero Fintech Supervielle I entered into a limited partnership agreement with Alaya Capital Partners III LP pursuant to which the Fideicomiso Financiero Fintech Supervielle I made a contribution of all its participations in the aforementioned start-up projects to Alaya Capital Partners III LP.

Acquisition of Micro Lending S.A.U.

In May 2018, Grupo Supervielle acquired 100% of the share capital of MILA. MILA specializes in car financing, particularly in used cars.

Acquisition of the capital stock of InvertirOnline S.A.U. and InvertirOnline.com Argentina S.A.U. (renamed as Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U.)

In May 2018, we acquired the capital stock of the online trading platform IOL invertironline through the purchase of InvertirOnline S.A.U. and InvertirOnline.com Argentina S.A.U. In July 2021, the platform was renamed IOL invertironline. On April 19, 2022, InvertirOnline.com Argentina S.A.U. was renamed as Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U.

On May 14, 2024, Grupo Supervielle transferred all the shares of InvertirOnline S.A.U. and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. to IOL Holding. On May 15, 2024, Grupo Supervielle made a capital contribution to IOL Holding in cash in the amount of U.S.$7.7 million.

Conversion of Class A shares

In April 2019, as requested by Mr. Julio Patricio Supervielle, our Board of Directors authorized the conversion of 65,000,000 Class A shares, with a par value of Ps.1.00 each and entitled to five votes per share, held by Mr. Supervielle, into Class B shares, with a par value of Ps.1.00 each and entitled to one vote per share, pursuant to Section 6(b) of our bylaws.

Bolsillo Digital S.A.U.

In June 2019, we created Bolsillo Digital, a fintech which operated in the sector of means of payment. In August 2021, Grupo Supervielle transferred its shares of Bolsillo Digital to its subsidiary Banco Supervielle S.A. as part of its strategy within the sector of means of payment. Bolsillo Digital’s main activity until 2022 was to provide payment services under its brand Boldi (“Boldi”). In February 2023, the Boldi app was permanently closed. As of the date of this annual report, Bolsillo Digital is in the process of being dissolved.

Creation of Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros S.A.

In December 2018, we created Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros, which has the exclusive purpose of carrying out the insurance intermediation activity, promoting the contracts of life insurance, wealth and pension insurance premiums, and advising customers and potential customers. Grupo Supervielle owns more than 99% of its share capital, directly or indirectly. Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros began operating in the second half of 2019.

Acquisition of Futuros del Sur S.A. (renamed as Supervielle Agente de Negociación S.A.U.)

In December 2019, Supervielle acquired 100% of the share ownership of Futuros del Sur S.A., a brokerage firm seeking to broaden the investment and financial services it provides to institutional and corporate customers and also drive efficient and profitable cross selling. On January 24, 2022, Futuros del Sur S.A. changed its corporate name to Supervielle Agente de Negociación S.A.U.

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Acquisition of the capital stock of IOL Holding S.A. and IOL Agente de Valores S.A.

In August 2021, Grupo Supervielle acquired 95% of the shares of IOL Holding, a company incorporated in Uruguay. Sofital acquired the remaining 5% of the shares of IOL Holding.

In August 2021, IOL Holding acquired 100% of the shares of IOL Agente de Valores S.A., a company incorporated in Uruguay which is expected to provide security dealer services. In June 2022, the Central Bank of Uruguay authorized IOL Agente de Valores to act as a security dealer providing services to non-residents of Uruguay. IOL Agente de Valores S.A. is expected to provide its services through an online platform to non-residents of Uruguay who may be based in Latin America and seek to participate in the U.S. capital markets.

On May 14, 2024, Grupo Supervielle transferred all the shares of InvertirOnline S.A.U. and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. to IOL Holding and the shareholders’ meeting of IOL Holding approved the capitalization of the liabilities arising from the transfer. On May 15, 2024, Grupo Supervielle made a capital contribution to IOL Holding in cash in the amount of U.S.$7.7 million.

Merger of Tarjeta Automática S.A. and IUDÚ into the Bank

In December 2022, the Bank, as the surviving entity, and Tarjeta Automática S.A. and IUDÚ, as the absorbed entities, entered into merger agreements, pursuant to which Tarjeta Automática S.A. and IUDÚ merged into the Bank effective January 2023. On December 1, 2023, the Central Bank approved the mergers. These mergers allowed us to simplify the Group’s corporate structure and complete the Group’s corporate integration plans which began in September 2022.

Executive Offices

Our principal executive offices are located at Reconquista 330, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Our general telephone number is +54-11-4340-3100. Our website is http://www.gruposupervielle.com. Information contained or accessible through our website is not incorporated by reference in, and should not be considered part of, this annual report.

We file reports, including our annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC that apply to foreign private issuers. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Any filings we make electronically with the SEC are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s web site at http://www.sec.gov.

Our agent for service of process in the United States is CT Corporation System, located at 111 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York, 10011.

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Item 4.BBusiness Overview

Overview

We provide a wide range of financial and non-financial services to our clients and have more than 130 years of experience operating in Argentina. Our main subsidiary is Banco Supervielle and we have a distribution network comprising our own physical branches, which are primarily located in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Greater Buenos Aires, and the Argentine provinces of Mendoza and San Luis. Additionally, we provide digital and virtual coverage with agile solutions tailored to our users’ needs across most of Argentina. We provide access to investment opportunities through IOL invertironline, Argentina’s first specialized online trading platform, helping our customers grow their income and savings with innovative tools. For over 130 years we have grown sustainably, protecting the environment and acting in a socially responsible manner. Our vision is to be an agile, innovative and competitive financial services group that helps our customers meet their needs. Since May 2016, the shares of Grupo Supervielle are listed on the ByMA and NYSE.

Our company takes advantage of the following strengths and opportunities:

| ● | We are the oldest private franchise in Argentina and have a recognized presence within the Argentine financial industry;

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| ● | We operate as a dynamic financial ecosystem, where Banco Supervielle, which is the seventh largest Argentine private bank in terms of loans, and IOL invertironline stand out as key pillars, each playing a distinct yet complementary role. This structure allows us to leverage synergies and unlock significant growth opportunities;

| ● | We operate in an underpenetrated financial system. The Argentine financial system is one of the least penetrated financial systems in Latin America, with a fragmented and competitive landscape. As a result, the Argentine financial system presents a number of growth opportunities, as Argentina continues its stabilization process. We are well positioned and constantly evolving to capture these growth opportunities given our focus on a differentiated customer experience.

| ● | We have a strong liquidity and a solid capital base which support our growth initiatives. In addition to organic growth, we have significantly increased our business through acquisitions which have allowed us to expand our private loan market share among financial institutions from 0.2% to 2.9% between December 2002 and December 2024.

| ● | We adopted a customer-centric, product-oriented operational model which enables us to understand our customers’ needs and to strengthen our digital product culture, and which is fully aligned to execute our growth strategy.

| ● | We are building a service ecosystem. We continue to build our ecosystem integrating our service offerings and adding third-party partnerships, improving customer experience, while driving synergies among our different verticals, increasing customer loyalty and pursuing cross selling initiatives.

Our controlling shareholder has a strong and long-standing commitment to the Argentine financial system. Julio Patricio Supervielle, Chairman of the Board of Directors and CEO of Grupo Supervielle, has been leading the Group for nearly 26 years. Under his leadership, we have expanded significantly in terms of net worth, assets, deposits, geographic footprint, and customer base. We have also successfully executed some of our most strategic acquisitions and transformations. Julio Patricio is recognized for his strategic foresight and bold leadership. Under his guidance, the Group has launched groundbreaking initiatives that disrupted legacy banking models and accelerated the shift toward digital and customer-centric financial solutions.We are led by a Board of Directors whose members bring extensive experience in retail and commercial banking, a deep understanding of the local economic landscape, and robust expertise in risk management, finance, capital markets, M&A, and corporate governance. Our senior management team is composed of seasoned professionals who share a performance-driven mindset and a commitment to sustainable growth and innovation.Our subsidiaries are: (i) Banco Supervielle S.A., which is the seventh largest private bank in Argentina in terms of loans; (ii) Supervielle Seguros, an insurance company; (iii) Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros, an insurance broker; (iv) Supervielle Asset Management, a mutual fund management company; (v) Supervielle Agente de Negociación, a brokerage firm offering services to institutional and corporate customers; (vi) IOL invertironline, Argentina’s leading digital retail brokerage platform specialized in online trading and other financial investment services ; (vii) Espacio Cordial, an entity offering retail non-financial products, such as assistance and tourism; and (viii) MILA, a company specialized in car financing. Our subsidiaries also include Sofital, a holding company that owns shares of the same companies owned by Grupo Supervielle, IOL Holding, a holding company that owns shares of IOL invertironline, and Bolsillo Digital, which is in the process of being dissolved.

In 2024, the Argentine government implemented actions to correct the macroeconomic imbalances that had led to the inflationary escalation in previous years. These actions had an impact on the Argentine financial system, which is now in the initial stages of recovery, enabling banks to grant loans to allow communities to develop. The slowdown in inflation and the consequent reduction in nominal interest rates have had a positive impact on credit demand, facilitating access to financing. In this context, financial system loans registered real year on year growth of 54% by December 31, 2024, reversing the downward trend of the last seven years. Additionally, exposure to the public sector was reduced, redirecting liquidity toward private sector credit. However, credit penetration remains low relative to GDP, presenting a significant opportunity to continue expanding our loan portfolio with the aim of contributing to Argentina’s economic and productive development.

We are well positioned to be active participants in this recovery of the financial system. At the beginning of 2024, Banco Supervielle started boosting credit and achieving loan growth. We also saw remarkable growth in personal and car loans, which accelerated in the last months of 2024.

During 2024, we strategically diversified our asset portfolio, gradually moving towards a greater ratio of total loans to total assets to the private sector and reducing our ratio of investment portfolio to total assets. In 2024, our loan portfolio increased by 106%

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in real terms by December 31, 2024, 52 percentage points more than the growth of the Argentine financial system. During 2024, we also reduced our investment in government securities and Central Bank instruments.

On a consolidated basis, we had:

| ● | Ps.4,505.8 billion in total assets as of December 31, 2024, compared to 4,481.6 billion in total assets as of December 31, 2023;

| ● | Ps.2,170.1 billion in loans as of December 31, 2024, compared to Ps.1,050.6 billion in loans as of December 31, 2023;

| ● | Ps.3,173.5 billion in deposits as of December 31, 2024, including Ps.3,028.8 billion from the private sector, and Ps.144.7 billion from the non-financial public sector, compared to Ps.3,373.0 billion in deposits as of December 31, 2023, including Ps.3,153.6 billion from the private sector, and Ps.219.4 billion from the non-financial public sector;

| ● | Ps.797.7 billion in attributable shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2024, compared to Ps.743.4 billion in attributable shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2023; and

| ● | 3,456 employees as of December 31, 2024, compared to 3,663 employees as of December 31, 2023.

We see substantial opportunities to enhance cross-selling and collaboration between Banco Supervielle and IOL invertironline, considering that only 3% of IOL invertironline’s clients currently hold products offered by the Bank. This represents a major opportunity to deepen relationships and expand our financial offerings. The following chart illustrates our business ecosystem as of December 31, 2024:

Notes: (1) Last twelve months as of June 30, 2024; and (2) Company estimates and Central Bank information as of December 2024.

Banco Supervielle

Financial Services

We own the seventh largest Argentine private bank, and the ninth largest Argentine bank considering Argentine public banks, in terms of loans. Through the Bank, we serve 1.4 million individual customers, around 31,000 small businesses, 3,800 SMEs and 1,800 middle-market and large corporates, and we maintain a competitive leading position in certain strategic segments.

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According to the Central Bank, our share for the following products is as follows:

| ● | total loans: monthly average market share in December, 2024 was 2.9%, compared to a 2.1% market share in December 2023;

| ● | total deposits: monthly average market share in December, 2024 was 2.7%, compared to a 2.4% market share in December 2023.

Additionally, based on the latest information published by ANSES, we made 7.8% of all social security payments to senior citizens in Argentina as of September 30, 2024, compared to 8.9% as of December 31, 2023.

Through the Bank, we maintain a strong geographic presence in the City of Buenos Aires and the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, which is Argentina’s most commercially significant and highly populated area, and in some of Argentina’s most dynamic regions, including a leading position in Mendoza.

Moreover, we are continually evolving to offer a hyper-personalized and omnichannel experience. Our infrastructure allows us to reach customers in all parts of Argentina. Our business model combines the efficiencies of a virtual branch with the strength of face-to-face interactions. In 2024, we completed our branch transformation, implementing a new service model and updating our network.

In December 2024, 93% of our customers managed their banking transactions and inquiries through digital or automatic means without need of human assistance, which represents an increase of 20 percentage points compared to 2023. Our digital customers represented 65% of our customers at the end of 2024, which represents an increase compared to 62% recorded in 2023 and 52% recorded in 2022. Without considering our senior citizen customers, our digital customers represented 83% of our customers at the end of 2024 reminaing stable since 2023, representing an increase from 66% recorded in 2022. During the last two years, our mobile channel continued consolidating its position as the preferred transactional channel. In December 2024, it accounted for 60% of the transactions made by our customers, as compared to 48% in 2023 and 33% in 2022. During 2024, 1.2 million users downloaded our mobile applications and we had 1.03 million monthly active users. Major launches in our mobile applications include salary advance features, Google wallet, insurance, money transfer scheduling, fraud engine, and chat sytems. Likewise, the strong adoption of our digital wallet continued during 2024. QR code payments reached 5.2 million transactions, representing a four-time increase compared to 2023, making our mobile application the one with the highest number of recurring users in the systemic payment solution for banks in Argentina named Play Digital S.A. (“Modo”). Origination of personal loans through digital and automatic channels reached 59% in the fourth quarter of 2024, representing an increase in volumes of 69% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023.

As of December 2024, we increased our market share of business customers in the small businesses and SMEs segment to 5.97% from 5.52% as of December 31, 2023. To support business growth, in 2024 we launched +Pyme, the first fully digital solution for SMEs in the Argentine financial industry, which enables businesses to open bank accounts and access loans entirely online. We also introduced a specialized value proposition for the mining industry supply chain, which includes a dedicated commercial team and tailored financial products and credit policies. We also launched Supervielle Servicios Integrales, a multi-product approach designed to provide customers with an integrated offer of Banco Supervielle products, and continued expanding our share of demand deposits and increased foreign trade transaction volumes.

In April 2025, we launched the first payroll account and SME accounts that pay interests in Pesos and U.S. dollars on a daily basis. These accounts offer agility, simplicity, and profitability, allowing individuals and SMEs to maximize the return of their money without additional paperwork or management. The Bank positions itself as the only bank in Argentina that pays interests on payroll accounts and SME accounts in Pesos and U.S. dollars.

Insurance

The insurance business is continuously adapting its products to the needs of our customers. We have access to customers through our distribution networks and aim to further develop our bancassurance distribution model by expanding the variety of insurance products offered.

In 2024, Supervielle Seguros reached 464,000 active policies with individual clients and more than 5,000 with corporate clients. We focused on enhancing the digital experience for individual customers, expanding the range of coverage with more simple products.

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During 2024, we improved the digital experience of our individual customers by creating a greater range of coverage, policies and products that are simpler to contract. We launched a new self-managed channel through the Bank’s cash dispensers, offering life and protected bag insurance. We also introduced new products, such as motorcycle insurance, life insurance, protected bag insurance and personal accident insurance.

As a result, during 2024 we grew 187% in digital and self-managed sales compared to 2023. We also grew in insurance sales in the Virtual Hub, with nearly 5,600 policies sold, as compared to 3,000 in 2023.

At the end of 2024 we had achieved a 77% placement of our core products (car, life and home) of the total insurance sold.

Savings & Investments

We offer investments and savings solutions to our customers through a wide range of products. Through Supervielle Asset Management, we have 17 mutual funds designed to meet customers’ particular investment objectives and risk profiles. As of December 31, 2024, monthly average assets under management accounted for Ps.1,372 billion, compared to Ps.512.5 billion monthly average assets under management as of December 31, 2023 (measured in historical currency).

Moreover, we offer personal finance management solutions through our mobile application, which has continued to show increased user adoption as we add products such as Dólar MEP, time deposits, securities, and mutual funds, some of which are powered by IOL.

Payments

In 2020, we joined Modo as shareholder with the aim of expanding the offer of financial services to our clients throughout the country, integrating technologies that facilitate the use of our applications on mobile devices, allowing them to operate in the digital market for payments and transfers through a systemic solution of the highest quality standard. In 2021, we integrated Modo into our Supervielle App and our Supervielle Jubilados App, which serves to provide services to senior citizens. In 2022, our Supervielle App for individuals implemented the functionality to make payments using quick-response (“QR”) codes using credit, debit and account debit cards.

During 2024, we continued evolving our digitalization strategy to offer our customers digital, secure and seamless payment solutions. Regarding our performance with the MODO wallet, during 2024 we reached 125,000 monthly paying users, which represents a 2.1% market share, and we doubled the 60,000 monthly active users that we had in 2023. As of the date of this annual report, our mobile application is the one with the highest number of recurring users in MODO, with 5 monthly payments per user. We also increased four times the number of QR code payments, reaching 5.2 million transactions and a market share of 1.9%. Additionally, we incorporated an interoperability system into MODO to enable payments with credit cards.

During 2024, we introduced new functionalities in the credit and debit card services of our mobile applications. Regarding debit cards, we multiplied the volume of debit card transactions by 2.8 times compared to 2023 and our customers made 62 million debit card payments, which represents an increase of 8% compared to 2023. Additionally, we increased our share in credit card volumes to 1.7%, with 32 million credit card payments and an average of 6 to 8 monthly payments per user.

Mobility Cars

In 2018, we started to develop our mobility car business with the acquisition of MILA, a company that specializes in car financing. In December 2021, we signed an agreement to finance the operation of KAVAK, a digital platform for the sale of used cars. As a result of this financing, KAVAK provides a wide range of financial and non-financial services to its customers and its customers receive exclusive benefits. In 2023, we renewed our agreement with KAVAK.

In 2024, we boosted car loans as one of the Bank’s main products, multiplying the origination by 4.5 with 24,388 car loans and total amount of Ps.196,965 million.

In 2024, we were positioned second in origination of car loans with a market share of 17.8%, up from the third position in 2023, when we had 5.2% of the market share.

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Housing

In May 2024, we relaunched the UVA Mortgage Loans product. We were the first private bank to announce this proposal designed for the purchase, renovation and expansion of housing, generating more than 650,000 customer visits. During 2024, we granted a total of 843 UVA mortgage loans for housing for a total amount of Ps.120 billion.

At the end of 2024, we had a market share of 6.1%, which represents a year-on-year increase of 5.7 percentage points. This increase shows the agility of Banco Supervielle, both in getting ahead of the market in relaunching the UVA mortgage loan offer, and in granting these loans.

Non-financial services and products

Building on our banking sector expertise, we identify cross-selling opportunities and offer targeted products to our customers at each point of contact though our brand Cordial. At the end of 2024, Espacio Cordial had more than 186,000 assistance services in its portfolio. The focus of the service is the coverage of unsatisfied needs in health services, including dentistry, ophthalmology, medical emergencies and telemedicine, and to provide solutions for household and pet care.

Evolution of Technology in Our Value Proposition

During 2024, we achieved key milestones in the consolidation of our technological strategy. We completed 86% of our plan to migrate our digital solutions, including online applications and application programming interfaces, from on-premises infrastructure to cloud platforms by the end of 2025. We expect that this migration will enable us to improve scalability, flexibility, and efficiency while reducing our operational costs. As of the date of this annual report, we have migrated 146 online applicatios, and more than 300 application programming interfaces and microservices to the cloud.

In addition, we started our FinOps practice to optimize our costs related to our cloud platforms. We expect that this practice will allow us to maximize the value of our cloud investments, balance budget and performance, and enhance overall cost efficiency in managing cloud resources.

We are integrating artificial intelligence solutions into our business to be able to meet our customers’ needs with a combination of advanced technology and human assistance. In 2024, we launched WhatsApp as one of our channels to provide services to our senior citizen customers which includes generative artificial intelligence. This development positions us as the first bank in Argentina to adopt generative artificial intelligence technology in Spanish, in collaboration with our strategic partner Amazon Web Services.

We also launched our new mobile application for business customers, which was largely adopted by our customers. This application has a solid security scheme, including soft token, biometrics and other functionalities. In addition, we renewed our online business banking website and migrated 100% of our customers to a scalable platform that offers communication and sales capabilities that are tailored to our customers’ needs.

During 2024, we improved the availability of our digital channels, reaching an annual average of 99.69%, as compared to 99.33% in 2023.

Bank Distribution Network

Bank branches

In 2024, we completed our process to consolidate our bank branches. As a result of this process, we consolidated 32 bank branches. The objectives of this process are (i) to increase our presence in the SME segment by including services to small and medium-sized companies in service branches that were exclusively dedicated to the senior citizens segment, and (ii) to continue to expand “Espacio 24,” which are spaces where our customers can make cash withdrawals and deposits during and after banking hours.

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In 2024, we increased the number of self-service machines, reaching 329 self-service machines, 282 of which are located in Espacio 24. These machines allow customers to obtain balance inquiries, request personal loans and withdraw cash using fingerprints.

Virtual Hub

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One of the most innovative launches of 2022 was our Virtual Branches system, which combines different digital channels, leveraged on a robust technological infrastructure that provides a high level of security, with the service of more than 100 especially trained executives. In 2022, we expanded our Virtual Branches footprint, reaching areas where we do not have physical presence. In 2023, we extended our service hours, which currently run from Monday to Friday, from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. (Buenos Aires time), and installed the role of Concurrent Executive (“Ejecutivo Concurrente”) in 121 branches to enable us to assist clients in person and virtually.

In 2024, our virtual branches system was available to all our small businesses and SMEs customers. As of December 31, 2024, the Virtual Hub system represented 15% of the total personal loans that we granted during the year, compared to 8% in 2023. In addition, we increased the placement of insurance policies through our Virtual Branches system by 84% compared to 2023, reaching 5,600 policies placed in the channel.

Our Virtual Branches system offers the following services:

| ● | Video call: We provide 100% virtual customer service through a representative who answers queries, solves claims or receives loan applications. The option is available both in cash dispensers and in Online Individuals and Business Banking and in our apps for Individuals and Senior Citizens.

| ● | Human Chat: We answer the most frequent questions from our customers through a Chat Bot and refer customers to personalized service, if required. In 2022, we developed this channel with the incorporation of a mix of Artificial Intelligence and Language provided by an Amazon Web Services (AWS) solution.

Online Banking and Mobile Banking: We continued to improve the experience of our online and mobile banking users for friendlier and safer interactions.

IOL invertironline

IOL invertironline has experienced significant growth, both in customer acquisition and revenue contribution. With Argentina’s investment landscape evolving and inflation trending down, demand for investment solutions, in which we believe that IOL invertironline is well-positioned to capitalize, is increasing. Our focus remains on strengthening synergies, delivering innovative financial solutions, and maximizing the potential within our financial ecosystem.

In 2024, IOL invertironline continued expanding its customer base, increasing transaction volumes, and strengthening its position as Argentina’s leading retail digital brokerage platform. By the end of the year, IOL invertironline had 1.4 million accounts, representing a 57% increase compared to 2023. Average monthly active users grew by 70% to over 280,000. Transaction activity remained strong, with daily average revenue transactions increasing 67% compared to 2023 to over 100,000, bringing total transactions for the year to 26 million, up from 15 million in 2023.

During 2024, assets under custody reached Ps.1.7 billion, a 44% increase compared to 2023. One of the key developments was the launch of IOL Asset Management in November 2024, which introduced a U.S. dollar-denominated mutual fund that reached Ps.126 million in assets under management within four months. IOL Asset Management is gaining strong traction, with our latest investment fund ranking as the second-largest among fintechs and the fourth-largest in Argentina, including bank-managed funds.

User experience remained a focus, with over 160,000 app reviews and improved ratings of 4.6 stars on Google Play and 4.8 on the App Store. IOL invertironline was also the most downloaded and active investment brokerage app in Argentina.

From a financial perspective, IOL invertironline contributed 17% of Grupo Supervielle’s net income, 21% of total fee income and 5.3% of net revenue. Net income totaled Ps.17 billion, an increase of 36% compared to 2023, with a return on equity (“ROE”) of 107%, while revenues increased by 20% to Ps.51 billion. Cash flow generation reached nearly U.S.$18 million, supporting the sustainability of its growth strategy.

Our Vision and Strategy

We believe that 2024 was a year of significant transformation for us and for the Argentine financial system due to the growth in financing activities during the year. During 2024, we increased our share in private-sector loans over total assets and reduced our investment portfolio over total assets.

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We believe that we anticipated to this growth by taking decisive action and continuing making long-term investments to generate sustainable value. With a clear focus on profitable growth, we prioritized the completion of our digital transformation which we initiated in 2020, expanded our loan portfolio and strengthened our deposit base. This strategic approach allowed us to gain market share across key segments while maintaining strong asset quality and robust capital ratios.

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Between 2020 and 2024, we implemented our digitalization strategy, enhancing our operating model and positioning ourselves as an agile, technology-driven institution prepared for scalable growth. In addition, IOL invertironline consolidated its position as Argentina’s leading digital retail brokerage platform and increased its contribution to the Group’s fee income and profitability.

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We are committed to consolidating profitability, driving sustainable growth, and reinforcing our corporate culture as key drivers of our corporate strategy. We believe we are well-positioned to enhance our shareholders’ value while expanding our role in Argentina’s evolving financial landscape by building upon our solid foundation and capitalizing on emerging opportunities.

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Our Strategic Growth Priorities

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Our growth strategy focuses on developing differentiated value propositions that enable us to compete effectively with fintechs while creating unique advantages that are not easily replicable by incumbent banks. A core component of this approach is strengthening our capabilities in funding and payroll loans to become the primary financial institution for a greater number of customers while also reinforcing our leadership position in pensioner banking, a historically strong segment for the Group.

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We are expanding our presence in high-growth industries and value chains, including oil & gas and mining, where Argentina’s resource wealth presents substantial long-term opportunities. Additionally, we expect that IOL invertironline will play a relevant role in our profitability by expanding its product offering and capturing the growing opportunities in Argentina’s financial markets, which we expect that will enhance our presence across retail, wealth, and SME segments.

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Consumer demand is driving credit expansion, creating a unique window to accelerate loan growth. To capture this opportunity, we are optimizing our portfolio mix towards higher-margin retail lending while maintaining capital efficiency and profitability. Our capital allocation strategy is designed to support balance sheet growth while upholding strong risk management discipline.

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Our differentiated business model is focused on maximizing profitability and long-term value creation. By maintaining industry-leading net interest margins (“NIM”), improving ROE, and optimizing capital efficiency through fee-based income expansion and cost rationalization, we are well-positioned to generate sustainable capital, supporting continued growth and reinforcing our competitive position in the Argentine financial sector.

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Banco Supervielle’s Strategy

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Given Argentina’s evolving macroeconomic environment, which is characterized by lower inflation, declining nominal interest rates, and an increase in U.S. dollar deposit, we have redefined our commercial strategy to capitalize on these trends and position the Bank for the economic acceleration that is expected in Argentina in 2025, according to the Market Expectations Survey carried out by the Central Bank.

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Our corporate structure enabled us to achieve operational efficiency and to make fast decision-making processes, allowing us to swiftly adapt to market dynamics and enhance customer service. Additionally, the Bank is implementing a comprehensive risk assessment framework to ensure that all customers have access to a credit offering, thereby driving cross-sell opportunities, deepening customer relationships, and fostering growth.

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The Bank’s strategic initiatives include:

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| ● | Customer-Centric & Technology-Enabled Strategy: We are enhancing credit and service capabilities, streamlining service models, and leveraging technology to drive operational efficiency. Rather than adopting a universal banking model, we are focusing on the most profitable customer segments where we can achieve a competitive edge.

| ● | Cluster-Based Strategy: Our commercial approach segments customers and marketing strategies, delivering tailored value propositions that incentivize deposits and promote bundled solutions, enhancing customer retention. In our Plan Sueldo segment, we launched “Cuenta Remunerada,” a payroll payment model that provides benefits both to employers and employees to attract new customers, strengthening our role as a preferred payroll banking partner. In our SME segment, we introduced interest-bearing balances, we are expanding credit options and cash management solutions to enhance value for SMEs.

| ● | Strategic Partnerships: We are reinforcing our position in key industries by collaborating with leading Argentine corporations, prioritizing high-growth sectors such as oil & gas, mining, and export-driven industries while maintaining disciplined capital allocation.

| ● | Regional Leadership in Mendoza: Banco Supervielle remains the leading financial institution in the Argentine province of Mendoza, a strategic market where we have long-standing customer relationships and a strong competitive position.

| ● | Selective Expansion in Public Sector Banking: We are complementing our corporate banking strategy by providing financial solutions tailored to government institutions and publicly owned organizations.

| ● | IOL Cross-Sell Strategy: We are intensifying the engagement of the Bank with IOL invertironline’s customers by integrating investment, banking and fintech solutions. As of the date of this annual report, 97% of IOL invertironline’s customers do not make transactions with the Bank, which brings significant opportunities for customer acquisition and business expansion.

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IOL invertironline’s Strategy

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We are entering a new growth phase for IOL invertironline which we expect that will be focused on scaling retail brokerage, deepening institutional offerings, expanding product offering, and reinforcing our position as a key player in the Argentine financial system.

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IOL invertironline is expected to play an important role in our profitability. By expanding its product offering and capturing growing opportunities in Argentina’s financial markets through IOL invertironline, we expect to enhance our presence across retail, wealth, and SME segments.

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IOL invertironline’s strategies is based on the following three key pillars:

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| ● | Retail & Investment Expansion: Enhancing our investment platform to serve as a “one-stop shop” for retail investors by integrating multiple asset investments and deepening partnerships with Banco Supervielle to offer a broad assortment of investment products.

| ● | SME & Wealth Management Growth: Scaling our SME business by offering account opening services that are available 24 hours and liquidity management solutions while expanding our wealth management business with personalized advisory services and a physical presence in key locations through our branch network.

| ● | Investment-as-a-Service & Capital Markets Expansion: Strengthening our role in Argentina’s evolving capital markets by providing brokerage infrastructure, launching new income-focused mutual funds, and expanding our corporate debt placement business to facilitate market financing.

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Sustainability

At Grupo Supervielle we are committed to our employees, customers and communities to achieve sustainable growth while protecting the environment and acting with social responsibility. We integrate the sustainability strategy to our business model and promote a responsible culture among our employees. We report on our non-financial performance in a clear and transparent way, in connection with ESG factors.

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In 2024, we continued developing goals and objectives that align with our sustainability strategies. We increased the use of renewable energy, with 41% of our branch network operating on sustainable sources. We also reduced all the carbon footprint that we generated in 2023 through the acquisition of certified carbon credits equivalent to 1,417 tCO2eq and through our contribution to a reforestation project led by Asociación Amigos de la Patagonia.

Our sustainability objectives extend across all our stakeholders. In 2024, all our strategic suppliers participated in a self-assessment program based on ESG criteria, enabling us to analyze accurately their alignment with our sustainability goals. We also trained to 17,416 individuals on responsible and sustainable use of financial instruments. Additionally, we continued to develop various projects related to education, childhood, the elderly, institutional strengthening, and initiatives that promote culture and the arts. To maximize opportunities for generating shared value with our value chain, we evolved supplier risk management towards an integrated and holistic approach framed within our Third-Party Risk Management Policy.

In the corporate governance area, we continued being part of the BYMA Sustainability Index for the sixth consecutive year, which reflects our firm commitment to the integrity of the practices and policies that underpin our corporate leadership.

Regarding the development of strategic indicators of our ESG performance, on December 14, 2022 the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle approved the Sustainability Policy which establishes the basic principles and provides a general framework for the management of our sustainability agenda and its integration into the corporate strategy and business model. It applies to all of the companies of Grupo Supervielle, and the Board of Directors is responsible for its review and amedment. In 2023, the Board of Directors approved the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Policy, which sets forth our commitment to promote a diverse work environment that values and respects differences among our personnel.

We are committed to report our financial and non-financial performance to all our stakeholders. On March 10, 2025, we published our 2024 Integrated Annual Report, which reflects our commitment towards transparency and disclosure, providing stakeholders with a clear understanding of our ESG activities and progress and enhancing our dedication to sustainable practices and responsible business operations.

The following are additional commitments of Grupo Supervielle in terms of sustainability:

| ● | Customers

We extended the use of financial products and services (financial inclusion) to those who already have an account with Grupo Supervielle, facilitating the adoption of new digital tools and promoting financial education.

| ● | Employees

We create opportunities to promote employees’ growth and potential, and foster a diverse and inclusive work culture that values individuals for who they are and what they contribute.

| ● | Diversity

We have a diversity, equity and inclusion strategy in place that promotes gender equity, disability, psychological safety and equal opportunities.

| ● | Community

We promote social investment with impact on projects related to education, minors, the elderly and institutional strengthening, and actions that promote culture and the arts.

| · | Corporate Governance

We do business pursuant to the highest corporate governance standards, promoting transparence, ethical behavior, respect of the principle of legality and sustainability of our activities and those of our value chain.

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| · | Respect of the Principle of Legality

We regularly review the degree of compliance with applicable laws and regulations and we take the actions required to correct deviations.

Business Segments

We conduct our operations through the following business segments:

| ● | Personal & Business Banking;

| ● | Corporate Banking;

| ● | Bank Treasury;

| ● | Insurance; and

| ● | Asset Management and Other Services.

Until 2022, the Company had a Consumer Finance segment which included businesses of IUDÚ, Tarjeta, Cordial Servicios and MILA. On December 1, 2023, the Central Bank approved the merger of IUDÚ into the Bank, and therefore IUDÚ merged into the Bank, effective January 2023. This merger, along with the merger of Tarjeta into the Bank, allowed us to simplify the Group’s corporate structure and complete the Group’s corporate integration plans which began in September 2022. In turn, Cordial Servicios is included in the Asset Management and Other Services segment, while Mila is included in the Personal & Business Banking segment.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of our net revenue and net income by segment for the periods indicated.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | As of December 31, 2024
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Attributable Net (Loss) /
Segment | ​ | Net Revenue |  | Percentage |  | Income
​ | ​ | (in million of Pesos)
Personal & Business Banking |  | 334,069.6 |  | 32.6 | % | (101,748.1)
Corporate Banking |  | 86,167.5 |  | 8.4 | % | 9,907.7
Bank Treasury |  | 478,980.2 |  | 46.8 | % | 171,087.5
Insurance |  | 33,821.3 |  | 3.3 | % | 6,549.1
Asset Management and Other Services |  | 90,773.5 |  | 8.9 | % | 43,520.6
Total Allocated to Segments |  | 1,023,812.1 |  | 100.0 | % | 129,316.8
Adjustments(1) |  | 4,695.9 |  | ​ |  | (24,823.4)
Total Consolidated |  | 1,028,508.0 |  | 100.0 | % | 104,493.4

(1) | Includes the net interest income received from the investment of liquidity at the holding company, as well as transactions between segments.

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The following table sets forth the breakdown of our assets by segment as of December 31, 2024.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, 2024
​ | ​ | Personal | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Asset | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | and | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Business | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | and Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | Consolidated
​ |  | Banking |  | Banking |  | Treasury |  | Finance |  | Insurance |  | Services |  | Adjustments(1) |  | Total
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
Assets | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |
Cash and due from banks |  | 149,266,765 |  | 4,590,167 |  | 488,900,979 |  | — |  | 7,115 |  | 10,940,459 |  | (729,616) |  | 652,975,869
Debt Securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | — |  | 8,955,937 |  | 151,313,828 |  | — |  | 9,754,773 |  | 93,307,664 |  | — |  | 263,332,202
Loans and other financings |  | 1,278,644,675 |  | 800,103,188 |  | 88,930,621 |  | — |  | 84,399 |  | 2,475,381 |  | (160,100) |  | 2,170,078,164
Other debt securities | ​ | 3,907,094 | ​ | — | ​ | 784,515,860 | ​ | — | ​ | 7,782,514 | ​ | 11,127,488 | ​ | 5,562,787 | ​ | 812,895,743
Other assets |  | 101,905,036 |  | 16,257,194 |  | 426,780,790 |  | — |  | 11,304,505 |  | 87,252,536 |  | (36,939,155) |  | 606,560,906
Total Assets |  | 1,533,723,570 |  | 829,906,486 |  | 1,940,442,078 |  | — |  | 28,933,306 |  | 205,103,528 |  | (32,266,084) |  | 4,505,842,884

(1) | Includes elimination of inter-segment loans and assets not directly allocated to a single segment, such as unlisted equity investments, miscellaneous receivables, premises and equipment, miscellaneous assets and intangible assets.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of our customers as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Customers
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Personal & Business Banking | ​ | 1,433,558 | ​ | 1,534,729
Individuals |  | 1,343,979 |  | 1,395,801
Small Businesses |  | 30,915 |  | 29,873
SMEs |  | 3,827 |  | 3,682
Consumer Customers (ex. IUDÚ) | ​ | 54,837 | ​ | 105,373
Corporate Banking |  | 1,798 |  | 1,407
IOL invertironline |  | 570,661 |  | 483,580
Total |  | 2,006,017 |  | 2,019,716

​

Personal & Business Banking Segment

Our Personal and Business Banking segment offers a wide range of financial products and services designed to meet the needs of individuals and small businesses: personal loans, mortgage loans, unsecured loans, loans with special facilities for project and work capital financing, leasing, bank guarantee for tenants, salary advances, car loans, domestic and international factoring, international guarantees and letters of credit, payroll payment plans (planes sueldo), credit cards, debit cards, savings accounts, time deposits, checking accounts, and financial services and investments such as mutual funds, insurance and guarantees, and benefit payments for senior citizens. In 2024, we continued to offer these financial products and services to satisfy our customers’ needs.

Based on the assessment of their distinctive features, their needs and specific requirements, our customers are grouped in five strategic groups which are further described below: (i) small businesses and SMEs customers, which comprise individuals engaged in commercial activities, and small and medium sized companies with revenues lower than Ps.10 billion per year, (ii) Identité customers, which comprise high networth individuals belonging to serial ABC1 segments, (iii) mass affluent, which comprise individual customers who do not perform any commercial activities and are not included in the Identité segment, (iv) senior citizens customers, which comprise senior citizens who are paid pension benefits through accounts held in the Bank, and (v) consumer customers which were transferred from IUDÚ to the Bank.

Personal & Business Banking Segment – Retail Customers

| ● | Identité and Mass Affluent Segments: In 2024, we promoted the acquisition of new customers, with 176,800 registrations in Identité and Mass Affluent, and we grew in competitive net promoter score, which is an indicator of customer satisfaction, for the fourth consecutive year in both segments.

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To improve our customer service in Identité and Mass Affluent, we focused on achieving an end-to-end digital everyday banking payment experience including payments and transfers through the Modo app, MEP dollar investments and “Inversión rápida” (investment in money market funds through the Modo app), personal loans, credit cards, car loans, car and property insurance, time deposits, Plan Sueldo (which is explained below), salary advances, recharges and access to omnichannel services. Additionally, we relaunched the UVA mortgage loan for the purchase, renovation or expansion of houses.

The percentage of digital retail customer over total customers represented 65% of our customer base, reinforcing the strong growth trend of recent years. In particular, mobile banking became the preferred transaction channel for our customers, accounting for 60% of total operations by December 2024, an increase of 12 percentage points from 2023, with more than one million monthly active users. Additionally, our digital wallet recorded a strong growth, surpassing by four times QR code payments and exceeding 5.2 million transactions, thus becoming the most used digital wallet by recurrency within Modo.

In terms of products and services, Identité and Mass Affluent grew in the placement of personal loans through digital channels and face-to-face channels. “Inversión rápida” added 60,000 new investors in 2024 and had more than 176,000 investor customers in December 2024.

| ● | Senior Citizens. Since 1996, the Bank has acted as one of the paying agents of social security payments to senior citizens on behalf of the Argentine government pursuant to an agreement with ANSES. We believe the Bank remains the private bank with the second largest presence in this segment, with 807,000 customers, 577,000 of which are beneficiaries of retirement and pension plans, which represents an approximate market share of 9.4%.

In order to evolve our service model, we provided more simple branch structures, as a result of which 95% of our senior citizens customers withdraw their pensions through our ATMs and cash dispensers. In this regard, the volume of customers who made transactions using digital channels increased from 50% in 2023 to 52% in 2024, mainly driven by improved functionalities in the online and mobile pltaforms.

In 2024, we launched WhatsApp as one of our channels to provide services to our senior citizen customers. This tool includes general features, such as checking current balances and loans and a summary of credit cards, and specific features for customers who benefit from retirement and pension benefits, such as downloading pay slips and checking insurance balances. As a result, in 2024, 37% of senior citizen customers obtained loans through self-service channels, more than 18,000 senior citizen customers invested in mutual funds with “Inversión rápida,” and senior citizen customers paid their services through our apps, representing a 9% increase compared to 2023. Additionally, we continued strengthening the financial education of our senior citizen customers through virtual training programs and face-to-face meetings at designated centers.

| ● | Former IUDÚ Customers. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we completed the transfer of IUDÚ’s customers, loan portfolio and back-office to the Bank and discontinued the IUDÚ app. At the end of 2024, we were serving more than 55,000 former IUDÚ customers with a value proposition according to the segment.

Personal & Business Banking Segment – Small Businesses and SMEs

​

During 2024, we had 34,742 customers, including customers with commercial activity and small and medium-sized companies, reaching a 5.97% market share in December 2024, which represents an increase of 0.45% from December 2023. In order to support the growth of this segment, in 2024 we launched +Pyme, the first digital solution in the Argentine financial industry. This digital solution allows companies to open bank accounts and access loans online, with the possibility of simulating the payment plan that best suits the customer’s needs. +Pyme implements innovative machine learning capabilities to read complex documents, such as bylaws or balance sheets, in order to reduce the time to open bank accounts and access other banking services.

During 2024, we continued evolving our mass rating engine, incorporating data from our internal systems that consolidate financial and economic information of our customers to improve our product offering to our SME customers. We also introduced the new “Empresas” mobile application, which includes a soft token tool to provide more security to our SME customers. In addition, we renewed our online business banking website and migrated 100% of our customers to a scalable platform that offers communication and

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sales capabilities that are tailored to our customers’ needs and we adopted new digital channels to estimulate e-check discount transactions.

Products and services offered:

| ● | Loans. We offer personal, car loans, mortgage loans, overdrafts, salary advances and guarantees for tenants. As a result of the slowdown in inflation during the second half of 2024, the consequent reduction in interest rates and the improvement in the level of activity and real wages of our customers, during the second half of 2024 we observed an increase in the demand for loans from individuals. As a result, during 2024 the placement of personal loans increased 8% in real terms and 249% in amount of loan origination compared to 2023.

| ● | Deposits. During 2024, demand deposits, mainly U.S. dollar deposits, grew by 55% compared to 2023, driven in part by the tax amnesty program (the “Tax Amnesty Program”) implemented by the Argentine government in 2024 which allowed Argentine residents to declare previously undisclosed assets, including cash, real estate, and cryptocurrencies, in order to regularize their tax status. In 2024, minimum interest rate floors for time deposits were lifted and interest rates declined, following the deceleration of inflation. In this context, we continued offering our customers investment alternatives such as Inversión Rápida and MEP Dollar, which helped protect and optimize their transactional funds and savings. These initiatives further strengthened the bank-customer relationship, resulting in a more agile and seamless experience, supported by the ongoing evolution of our digital channels. In April 2025, we launched the first payroll account and SME accounts that pay interests in Pesos and U.S. dollars on a daily basis.

| ● | Investment Products: During 2024, we continued developing the Personal Finance Manager to unify the investment perspective and deploy new experiences and products. In 2022, we created a new experience called “Inversión rápida” for the short-term T0 Premier Fund, becoming the first bank to offer 24-hour operations during business days, a competitive value proposition compared to other fintech competitors. In December 2024, we were the third bank in terms of number of customers of investment products with 222,000 customers compared to 187,000 customers in 2023, and a 2.5% market share. In 2024, we reported a strong growth in the number of MEP Dollar transactions, from a monthly average of 20,000 in December 2023 to 40,000 in December 2024.

| ● | Insurance. In 2024, we achieved significant growth and expansion in our insurance products due to the digitalization of our offering and diversification of our insurance products. Our digital offer includes 8 insurance policies, with solutions tailored to the needs of our customers, including life, vehicles, unemployment, protected bags and personal accidents insurance policies. In 2024, the amount of insurance products that we placed increased 35% compared to 2023.

Corporate Banking Segment

In order to respond to the daily operational and transactional needs of companies, we worked with teams speacialized in leasing, cash management, Foreign Trade, Plan Sueldo, insurance and investments, leveraged on a branch structure that enables coverage in the most densely populated industrial and commercial areas.

In 2024, we recorded strong growth in our corporate loan portfolio, driven mainly by the increase in U.S. dollar-denominated loans to exporting customers or direct suppliers in the commodity export chain. This increase occurred mainly during the second half of the year, with an environment of greater exchange rate stability and deceleration of inflation. In order to preserve a healthy loan portfolio and maintain non-performing loans at adequate levels, we continued to monitor financial risk indicators, such as the Risk-Adjusted Return (“RAROC”). In this regard, we followed a moderate policy of credit appetite, and we sought efficiency in the placement of capital, generating profitability by becoming our customers’ bank of choice.

In 2024, we also launched the Value Proposition for Mining, creating a specialized sales team. We developed products and a credit policy tailored to this industry, which aims to support mining companies and their suppliers. We also created Supervielle Servicios Integrales, a multi-product platform that offers our products to our customers throughout specialists.

Products offered to Corporate Customers:

| ● | Deposits: In 2024, our market share of private-sector current account deposits continued growing for the fourth consecutive year, reaching a monthly average market share of 2.8% in December 2024, compared to 2.23% in December 2023.

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| ● | Loans: In 2024, we sought to offer the most appropriate investment alternatives to the needs of the different business segments. We have commercial loan lines that are available through our in-person and digital channels. During 2024, the Argentine government reduced interest rates, which led to a growing demand for credit by companies and individuals. This increase in demand was the result of the fall in inflation, in addition to an improvement in the confidence and expectations of economic agents. During 2024, our market share in commercial credit in pesos was 3.2%, and our market share in commercial credit in U.S. dollars was 3.6%.

| ● | Plan Sueldo: In 2024, we streamlined the automation of processes in our online banking services for businesses which drove growth in our Plan Sueldo products during the year. We reported months with record gross registrations in our Plan Sueldo products, as a result of an acceleration in the commercial banking activity due to the improvement of macroeconomic conditions in Argentina, leveraged by a more competitive value proposition and with improvements in credit alternatives. In addition, during 2024 deregistrations from our Plan Sueldo products decreased mainly as a result of improvements made in our commercial monitoring capacities and promoting digital campaigns focused on building customer loyalty. In April 2025, we launched the first payroll account and SME accounts that pay interests in Pesos and U.S. dollars on a daily basis.

| ● | Foreign Trade: As of December 31, 2024, nearly 60,000 transactions were carried out, which represents an increase of 38% compared to 2023. We also reached a volume of foreign trade transactions of more than U.S.$2.2 billion, which represented a market share of 3.73% in settled import and export transactions. We ranked first in Euromoney’s Trade Finance 2024 Survey within the category “Best Foreign Trade service in Argentina,” and fifth in Latin America.

| ● | Cash Management: Our collection and payment services are aimed at cross-sell of funding products and offer differentiated value propositions according to customers’ expectations and needs. The volumes of transactional funds in our collection and payment products grew above inflation, which shows a greater use by our customers of these products. During 2024, we optimized the user experience by implementing extended hours for cash withdrawals and increasing cash withdrawal limits.

| ● | Leasing: With a focus on financing capital goods for Corporate Customers, the Financial and Operational Leasing and Sale & Lease Back products are marketed through our commercial officers and our branch network with specialized service and advice in order to promote the use of this capital assets financing tool. This model allowed us to maintain our market positioning, reaching an 13.7% market share as of December 31, 2024.

Bank Treasury Segment

The Bank Treasury segment is primarily responsible for the allocation of the Bank’s liquidity according to the needs of the Personal and Business Banking segment, the Corporate banking segment and its own needs. The Bank Treasury segment implements the Bank’s financial risk management policies, manages the Bank’s trading desks, distributes treasury products such as debt securities, and develops businesses with wholesale financial and non-financial clients. Below is a description of the services offered under this segment:

Trading Desk and Institutional Sales

The Bank’s trading desks trade financial assets on a proprietary and third-party basis, sell financial products, and implement the Asset and Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”) decisions, within the board’s policies, regarding the Bank’s liquidity and financial risk management policies. The Bank’s trading operations include money market instruments, which include institutional investor deposits, public debt instruments, foreign exchange, stocks, futures, swaps and repos. Trades develop within the limits of a comprehensive risk map which sets limits on counterparty risk and on long and short positions for each asset class, depending on volatility, traders’ seniority level, and other factors. The risk map also determines stop-loss policies.

Financial institutions and Correspondent Banking

During 2024, commercial relations were maintained with foreign banks related to the management of correspondent accounts, the financing of foreign trade transactions and the operation of guarantees and letters of credit.

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Capital Markets

The Bank’s Capital Markets department objective is to originate and structure financing products to be placed in the Argentine capital markets. The sector is mainly focused on providing specialized advisory services to companies seeking to optimize their financial resources and capital structure through capital markets. We focus on the origination, structuring and assistance in the placement of negotiable obligations and financial trusts.

During 2024, we participated in 111 capital markets transactions for a total amount of approximately Ps.2,078 trillion, 101 of which were negotiable obligations and 10 of which were financial trusts. As a result, the Bank consolidated itself as one of the most active banks in the Argentine securities market. In 2024, we ranked first in number of sponsored issuers together with Banco Galicia, and second in number of transactions.

During 2024, we maintained our focus on, and commitment to, the SME segment, while continuing to support large companies and frequent issuers. As of December 31, 2024, 44% of the Capital Market issuances were made by SMEs and a total of 91 Negotiable Obligations of small and medium-sized companies were guaranteed by Banco Supervielle S.A. for a total amount of Ps.21,965 million and U.S.$31 million.

The Bank continued to promote the issuance of green, social and sustainable (“SVS”) bonds. During 2024, we participated in 9 of the 16 issuances made in Argentina, which included the issuance of 5 green bonds and 4 sustainable bonds, for an aggregate amount of Ps.154,838 million.

Consumer Finance Segment

During 2022, we executed our key strategic pillars of our strategy designed to improve ROE while operating in an increasingly adverse macroeconomic environment, with inflation at the highest level in decades and loan demand at all-time lows. In this context, we implemented a major restructuring of IUDÚ with the goal of running a more efficient operation and transferred IUDÚ’s customers, loan portfolio and back-office to the Bank through the merger of IUDÚ into the Bank. This transfer allowed us to take advantage of IUDÚ’s operational efficiencies while we continued to offer the Bank’s broad assortment of financial products and services to our customers. At the same time, we reduced our loan origination and focused on improving asset quality in this middle to low income customer segment.

On December 14, 2022, the Bank, as the absorbing entity, and Tarjeta and IUDÚ, as the absorbed entities, entered into merger agreements, pursuant to which Tarjeta and IUDÚ merged into the Bank effective January 2023.

On March 1, 2023 the Bank and Dorinka agreed to terminate the financial service agreement that IUDÚ (the Bank’s consumer finance business) had entered into with Dorinka on August 24, 2021, pursuant to which IUDÚ offered its financial products and services through Dorinka’s points of sale. The Bank’s decision to terminate this agreement was in line with the initiatives that we implemented during 2022 to protect profitability and asset quality in a segment that has been greatly affected by increased inflation and a challenging macroeconomic environment.

On December 1, 2023, the Central Bank approved the merger of IUDÚ into the Bank. These mergers allowed us to simplify the Group’s corporate structure and complete the Group’s corporate integration plans which began in September 2022.

Insurance Segment

Our insurance business is operated by our subsidiaries Supervielle Seguros and Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros. Supervielle Seguros offers insurance products, including life, home, protected technology, personal accidents, protected bags, ATMs, protected content, integral insurance product for entrepreneurs and SME customers and other insurance policies. These products may be accessed through any of our marketing channels, both in-person and digital, which includes the distribution network of the Bank.

During 2024, we improved the digital experience of our individual customers by creating a greater range of coverage, policies and products that are simpler to contract. We launched a new self-managed channel through the Bank’s cash dispensers, offering life and protected bag insurance. We also introduced new products, such as motorcycle insurance, life insurance, protected bag insurance and personal accident insurance.

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During 2024 we grew 187% in digital and self-managed sales compared to 2023. We also grew in insurance sales in the Virtual Hub, with nearly 5,600 policies sold, as compared to 3,000 in 2023. At the end of 2024 we had achieved a 77% placement of our core products (car, life and home) of the total insurance sold. As a result, we consolidated our digital strategy and reinforced our commitment to innovation and service quality.

In 2024, placement of policies for commercial customers in the small businesses and SME segments increased more than 20% compared to 2023 and the stock of policies sold through Supervielle Bróker increased by 5%, with a renewal rate of 86% of the policies that expired during 2024. In addition, we continued making progress in the sale of agribusiness insurance, adding nearly 20,500 hectares insured, and maintained a 10% insurance cross-sell rate on our customers, leading the insurance banking sector in the business segment.

During 2024, Supervielle Seguros consolidated its offers in the following products:

Protected Bag Insurance. Protected bag insurance is insurance for personal property contained in a bag, backpack, wallet, fanny pack or other bag that is either lost or stolen. Protected bag insurance can cover items such as cellular phones, makeup, planners, lost documents, keys and locks. In addition, protected bag insurance may cover a certain amount of charges from fraudulent credit card use as a result of a lost or stolen bag.

Personal Accident Insurance. Personal accident insurance covers policy holders in the event that they suffer an accident, subject to certain exclusions.

Broken Bones. The broken bones insurance covers death as result of an accident up to the amount of the insured capital. A certain amount will be paid in the event of quadriplegia or paraplegia, according to the respective insurance plan and once such condition has been verified by a medical audit. This insurance also covers the simple breakage of bones produced as an immediate consequence of an accident.

Life Insurance. Supervielle Seguros markets its life insurance products to the Bank’s senior citizen customers and sells its products through its own sales force that works within the Bank’s branch network. The basic life insurance product includes coverage for death, and customers can add varying degrees of coverage for accidents, serious and terminal illnesses and transplants.

Home Insurance. Home insurance coverage includes fire insurance (building and content), theft of content, theft and damage of appliances, glass breakage, civil liability, personal accident coverage for domestic staff and home assistance service in cases of emergencies.

Technology Insurance. Technology insurance covers theft or accidental damage as a result of theft of electronic equipment (includes notebooks, cell phones, tablets, smartphones, cameras and GPSs). In case of theft or accidental damage as a result of theft, the cost of the stolen property or the cost of repair will be compensated up to the maximum insured amount (once the repair invoice is provided).

ATM Insurance. ATM insurance covers robbery at ATMs, death at the time of the assault and reimbursement of the costs of stolen documentation.

Protected Content. Protected content insurance covers theft and accidental damage of the personal effects that are inside a vehicle.

Integral insurance product for Small Businesses and SME customers. Integral insurance product for small businesses and SMEs customers completes the offer of services for our priority segment small businesses and SMEs, with the particularity that is fully processed by Supervielle Seguros.

Other Insurance. Pets insurance to cover accidents and illnesses, and bicycle insurance to cover theft of bicycles.

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The following table sets forth the breakdown of Supervielle Seguros’s gross written premiums per quarter as of December 31, 2024.

Gross written premiums by product

(in millions of Pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 4th quarter |  | 3rd quarter |  | 2nd quarter |  | 1st quarter
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024
Life insurance and total permanent disability insurance for debit balances | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Mortgage Insurance |  | 1,145.7 | ​ | 689.3 | ​ | 514.0 | ​ | 404.4
Personal Accident Insurance |  | 373.1 | ​ | 343.7 | ​ | 278.0 | ​ | 256.8
Protected Bag Insurance |  | 1,061.9 | ​ | 1,126.2 | ​ | 1,278.0 | ​ | 1,163.2
Broken Bones |  | 179.7 | ​ | 175.1 | ​ | 139.7 | ​ | 138.9
Others |  | 1,117.3 | ​ | 259.3 | ​ | 234.4 | ​ | 203.7
Home Insurance |  | 1,734.7 | ​ | 1,664.6 | ​ | 1,623.4 | ​ | 1,864.2
Technology Insurance |  | 646.3 | ​ | 696.4 | ​ | 687.2 | ​ | 828.6
ATM Insurance |  | 515.2 | ​ | 595.1 | ​ | 547.3 | ​ | 488.3
Life Insurance |  | 5,326.3 | ​ | 4,985.2 | ​ | 3,994.6 | ​ | 3,813.2
Total |  | 12,100.2 | ​ | 10,534.9 | ​ | 9,296.6 | ​ | 9,161.3

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Asset Management and Other Services segment

Grupo Supervielle offers a variety of investment services to its customers, including mutual fund products through Supervielle Asset Management. Since May 2018, Supervielle also offers brokerage and investment products and services through IOL invertironline.

SAM

Mutual Funds. SAM offers mutual funds services designed to meet customers’ particular investment objectives and risk profiles through its “Premier” funds family. As of December 31, 2024, assets under management reached Ps.1,372 billion increasing 56% in real terms from December 31, 2023 and reaching a market share of 2.40%, increasing from 1.72% in December 2023.

The Premier funds family comprises a money market fund (Premier Renta Corto Plazo en Pesos), two short term fixed income funds in Pesos (Premier Renta Plus and Premier Renta Fija Ahorro), six fixed income and mixed income funds in Pesos (Premier Renta Fija Crecimiento, Premier Capital, Premier Commodities, Premier Inversión, Premier Balanceado, Premier Estratégico and Premier Renta Mixta), two fixed income funds in U.S. dollars (Premier Renta Mixta en Dólares and Premier Performance), a variable income fund (Premier Renta Variable), two specific investment funds in assets issued by SMEs and ESG (Premier FCI Abierto Pymes and Premier Sustentable ASG, launched in 2023), a fixed income LatAm fund (Premier Global Dólares) and a close fund (Adblick Ganadería). These Premier funds family are offered to the public online.

During 2024, the individuals segment reached 180,000 customers, representing a growth of 58% from 2023 and increased the funds under management by 112%, mainly driven by the continuity of commercial promotional actions and improvements in the experience of the online banking channel and the Inversión Rápida product in our mobile applications.

IOL invertironline

IOL invertironline is a digital online broker that offers brokerage and savings and investment services based on an agile, simple, transparent and innovative platform, suitable for the profile of each client, with the objective of helping our clients increase their savings.

In 2024, we strengthened our position as one of the leading online trading platforms, standing out for our efficiency, innovation and ability to adapt in a dynamic environment. Our commitment to the continuous evolution of our platform and customer experience is shown by the following milestones achieved during the year: (i) we reaffirmed our presence in the market by maintaining our position in the top ten of ALyCs by volume traded on BYMA for shares and CEDEARs, with market shares of 4.27% and 6.22%, respectively; (ii) we reached an all-time high in IOL invertironline for monthly active customers and total transactions; (iii) we strengthened the business of primary subscriptions of negotiable obligations, a key segment for our expansion; (iv) we incorporated artificial intelligence tools into various teams, achieving a significant improvement in operational efficiency and in the quality of the service offered; (v) we

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offered an interest payment on our clients’ U.S. dollar account balances, adding value to our proposition and strengthening the relationship with our users; and (vii) we expanded our business area through new solutions and participation in strategic events that allowed us to continue growing and positioning ourselves in the market.

These achievements drove a 10-percentage point improvement in our NPS as compared to 2023. We also continued optimizing our IOL Mobile App which, at the end of the year, achieved a rating of 4.7 with 107 thousand reviews in the Play Store and 4.8 with 37,100 reviews in the App Store.

During 2024, IOL invertironline carried out more than 26 million transactions, opened 526,000 accounts and closed the year with 569,116 active customers, a customer activity rate of 39.6% and 292,458 monthly active customers. At the end of 2024, IOL invertironline had assets in custody exceeding Ps.2,048 trillion and reached 1,438,700 accounts authorized for operation, representing a 57% increase compared to 2023.

In November 2024, we launched the IOL Dólar Ahorro Plus Mutual Investment Fund (“FCI”) with which we expanded our product offering and provided our customers with more investment alternatives. At the end of 2024, this fund already had assets under management totaling U.S.$70 million and more than 50 thousand investors. Likewise, at the end of February 2025, the FCI reached U.S.$124 million in monthly active customers, positioning itself as the second largest non-bank corporate U.S. dollar fixed-income fund and fourth among all U.S.-dollar mutual funds in Argentina.

In 2024, we recorded an increase in revenue and profitability of the IOL invertironline business, reaching Ps.57,497 million in revenue and Ps.17,382 million in profitability, which represent an increase of 18.7% and 37.1% compared to 2023, respectively.

In 2024, we continued working on our objective to provide financial education to our customers and on our mission of democratizing access to those willing to strengthen their financial health. In 2024, we continued optimizing the quality of existing courses and programs. We also increased the number of student scholarships that we offer to finance students as a result of which more than 5,000 new students received free access to financial education.

Market Area

Through the Bank we maintain a strong geographic presence in the City of Buenos Aires and the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, which is Argentina’s most commercially significant and highly populated area, and we are leaders in terms of our banking network in some of Argentina’s most dynamic regions, including Mendoza. Moreover we are present across Argentina through our virtual and digital channels and through IOL invertironline’s digital investment platform.

We are accelerating our transformation initiatives across channels to develop our omnichannel model. This includes developing a modern technological architecture, evolving our bank branch model and adding API capabilities to connect with third parties and prepare our business for open banking.

As of the date of this annual report, we have 130 physical branches, 251 ATMs, 166 self-service terminals and 329 cash dispensers with biometric identification systems.

Argentina is comprised by 23 provinces and the City of Buenos Aires. As of December 31, 2024, it had a population of approximately 47.1 million and a GDP per capita of approximately U.S.$13,442 As of December 31, 2024, the unemployment rate in Argentina was 6.4%. In terms of the banking sector, as of December 31, 2024 there were 61 banks and 4,336 bank branches across Argentina. During 2024, Argentina has a total of 47.4 million fixed and mobile internet connections, surpassing its total population of 47.1 million, which creates a favorable environment for the development of digital banking services.

City of Buenos Aires. The City of Buenos Aires is the capital of Argentina and the center of commerce and seat of the Argentine government. As of December 31, 2024, the City of Buenos Aires had a population of 3.1 million (approximately 7% of Argentina’s overall population) and was the richest city of Argentina. As of December 31, 2024, the unemployment rate in the City of Buenos Aires was 3.7%. In terms of the banking sector, there are 704 bank branches (out of a total of 4,336 bank branches in Argentina) in the City of Buenos Aires.

Province of Buenos Aires. The Province of Buenos Aires, which includes the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, is an agricultural center focused primarily on the production of soy, wheat, corn and other agricultural products. The Province of Buenos

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Aires had a population of approximately 18.2 million (approximately 39% of Argentina’s overall population) as of December 31, 2024 and concentrates a high portion of the agricultural activity. As of December 31, 2024, the unemployment rate in the Province of Buenos Aires was 8.0%. During the last decade, agricultural production has been strong as a result of high commodity prices which has contributed to Argentina’s economic growth. It is expected that agriculture production will continue to be a key driver of economic growth in Argentina in the coming years. In terms of the banking sector, there are 1,393 bank branches (out of a total of 4,336 bank branches in Argentina) in the Province of Buenos Aires.

Mendoza. The Province of Mendoza is located in the Cuyo region and is the center of the wine industry in Argentina. Mendoza has a population of approximately 2.1 million (approximately 4% of Argentina’s overall population) as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the unemployment rate in Mendoza was 4.8%. In terms of the banking sector, there are 164 bank branches (out of a total of 4,336 bank branches in Argentina) in Mendoza.

San Luis. The Province of San Luis is located in the Cuyo region. San Luis had a population of approximately 533,000 (approximately 1% of Argentina’s overall population) as of December 31, 2024. The primary industries in the Province of San Luis are agricultural production and tourism. As of December 31, 2024, the unemployment rate in the Province of San Luis was 2.9%. In terms of the banking sector, there are 42 bank branches (out of a total of 4,336 bank branches in Argentina) in the Province of San Luis.

Deposits & Loans Franchise

Deposits – General Overview

The charts below illustrate the breakdown of our deposits as of December 31, 2024. Our main source of funds is the Bank’s deposit base.

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As of December 31, 2024, non-or low-cost private sector demand deposits accounted for 30% of the our total Peso-denominated deposits, compared to 20% as of December 31, 2023. As of the same date, 13.1% of non-or low-cost private sector demand deposits corresponded to savings accounts and 16.6% to checking accounts. The current highly inflationary environment is driving customers to increasingly invest their transactional funds in the Company’s money market funds to protect the value of their income, which is reflected in the growing number of customers using “Inversion Rápida.”

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The following tables compare the composition of the Bank’s (on a consolidated basis) total funding with those of all Argentine private banks’ in each case as of December 31, 2024:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, 2024 |
Liabilities and Shareholders equity | ​ | Banco Supervielle | ​ | Private Banks | ​
​ | ​ | (in millions |  | ​ |  | (in millions |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | of Pesos) | ​ | % | ​ | of Pesos) | ​ | % | ​
Deposits | ​ | 3,173,461.2 | ​ | 70.4 | % | 81,219,786.3 | ​ | 64.8 | %
Other Liabilities & Shareholders equity | ​ | 1,332,381.6 |  | 29.6 | % | 44,124,916.0 | ​ | 35.2 | %
Total | ​ | 4,505,842.8 |  | ​ | ​ | 125,344,702.3 | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, 2024 |
Deposits Breakdown | ​ | Banco Supervielle | ​ | Private Banks |
​ | ​ | (in millions |  | ​ |  | (in millions |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | of Pesos) | ​ | % | ​ | of Pesos) | ​ | % | ​
Checking accounts | ​ | 386,058.9 | ​ | 12.2 | % | 13,919,983.9 | ​ | 17.1 | %
Saving Accounts(1) |  | 713,749.3 |  | 22.5 | % | 33,166,836.5 |  | 40.8 | %
Time deposits |  | 729,192.1 |  | 23.0 | % | 18,641,695.7 |  | 23.0 | %
Other deposits |  | 1,344,461.0 |  | 42.4 | % | 15,491,270.2 |  | 19.1 | %
Total |  | 3,173,461.2 |  | ​ |  | 81,219,786.3 |  |  | ​

(1) | Includes special checking accounts

Loan Portfolio – General Overview

Each loan category in our loan portfolio faces different risks. We have established underwriting policies, standards and pricing mechanisms designed to mitigate the risks posed by each loan category. As of December 31, 2024, we had a loan portfolio of Ps.2,170.1 billion (equivalent to U.S.$2,101.8 million converted to U.S. dollars at the reference exchange rate as of December 31, 2024). As of December 31, 2024, we had a loan portfolio and off balance sheet guarantees of Ps.2,337.8 billion (equivalent to U.S.$2,264.2 million converted to U.S. dollars at the reference exchange rate as of December 31, 2024).

The following charts set forth the breakdown of our loan portfolio by segment and by product as of December 31, 2024.

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​

| (1) | For information since January 1, 2024, the term “small businesses” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales up to Ps.1.5 billion, the term “SMEs” refers to individuals and businesses with annual sales over Ps.1.5 billion and below Ps.10 billion, the term “middle-market and large companies” refers to companies with annual sales over Ps.10 billion.

Underwriting Policies

Our policies require that most loans only be approved for borrowers that are able to provide proof of a source of repayment and demonstrate an ability to service existing and future debt. Our underwriting procedures for all loan types require consideration of the borrower, including with respect to the borrower’s financial condition, cash flow, the management skills and industry of our corporate customers, and the economic environment surrounding the issuance of any given loan.

We generally expect customers to repay loans with unencumbered cash available to them. A significant part of our loan portfolio is secured, and we assess the quality and liquidity of collateral before we grant any secured loan.

Interest Rate Terms

We price loans: (i) on both a fixed rate and floating rate basis; (ii) over different terms; and (iii) based upon different rate indexes. Our pricing structures are consistent with our interest rate risk management policies and procedures. For more information on these policies and procedures. See “—Loan portfolio - Credit Risk Management.”

Loans to individuals (personal loans, credit card loans, car loans and mortgages) are priced only on a fixed rate basis. UVA Mortgage loans and some UVA car loans principal is adjusted for inflation. Loans to small businesses and SMEs are priced on both a fixed rate and floating rate basis as follows:

| ● | Fixed rate: promissory notes (checking and invoice discounts, work certificates for government projects and warrants), overdrafts, foreign trade loans, automobile, personal loans and mortgages with adjustable principal, based on inflation.

| ● | Floating rate: automobile and other secured loans, receivables from financial leases.

| ● | Both rates: corporate unsecured loans.

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Risks

Below we list our loan categories from lowest risk to highest risk in terms of repayment ability and historical default rates:

| (1) | Promissory notes (with recourse to the assignor), Warrants - Commodities

| (2) | Foreign trade loans

| (3) | Mortgage loans

| (4) | Receivables from financial leases

| (5) | Promissory notes (without recourse to the assignor), Warrants – Others

| (6) | Automobile and other secured loans

| (7) | Corporate credit cards

| (8) | Corporate unsecured loans

| (9) | Overdrafts

| (10) | Personal loans and credit card loans (from the Personal and Business Banking segment)

Promissory Notes (factoring and check discounting and warrants)

Factoring and check discounting. Check discounting is used to finance working capital needs for businesses that have a diversified accounts receivable portfolio and customers or parties that issue checks and have a favorable credit history. Most of our check discounting transactions are with recourse to the assignor (i.e., we secure repayment with a pledge over an assignment of the borrower’s cash flow). However, some of our check discounting transactions are without recourse to the assignor, in which case we only have recourse to the endorser of the check. With respect to our operations with recourse, we evaluate the creditworthiness of both the assignor and the endorser of the check, specifically assessing each party’s payment history, credit history and legal history by requiring a variety of documents to help us in our underwriting process. We accept checks that are issued in the ordinary course of business from the customer with a payment date generally no longer than 180 days.

Warrants. Warrants are granted to finance working capital needs for producers or sellers of commodities or non-commodities such as sugar, soy, wheat, corn, sunflower, peanuts, cotton and yerba mate. We take collateral in respect of the warrants for at least 20% to 50% in excess of the value of the products and its liquidity in the event of an execution, depending on the type of product. The most significant risk we face when extending warrant financing relates to the quality and preservation of the underlying assets. To mitigate this risk, we select third-party companies to assess and monitor the value and quality of the underlying products. These third-party companies have been approved by our credit committee.

Foreign Trade Loans

Foreign trade loans are granted to finance exports and imports through pre-financing and financing loans for exports, international factoring and letters of credit for imports.

In the case of pre-financing and financing loans for exports, we analyze the repayment ability of both the borrower and its foreign client. Specifically, we ensure that the credit line that we grant is tailored to the borrower’s historical export levels and projected export levels (based on contracts, purchase orders and other documentation). We generally grant pre-financing and financing loans for exports with terms ranging from 90 to 180 days, depending on the transaction and such loans are solely denominated in U.S. dollars. Interest rates for pre-financing and financing loans for exports depend on the term of the loan and market conditions.

In the case of letters of credit for imports, generally, letters do not exceed one year and our customers pay certain fees related to these letters instead of interest. We face at least two different type of risks in connection with these letters of credit. First, the risk

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related to the obligation of payment in the event that the borrower defaults. Second, the risk that the borrower is not allowed to operate at the Mercado Libre de Cambios. To mitigate these risks, we ensure that the bank service is granted once the merchandise to be imported can be shipped (this is once the operation is active) and before the issuance of the letter of credit and the related disbursement of the loan, we request importers to submit all the authorizations granted by the state authorities on such import purchase to ensure at due date such letter of credit is payable.

Mortgage Loans

The Bank sets a fixed interest rate on these loans, but the remaining capital is adjusted on a monthly basis according to the UVA monthly evolution. Therefore, the loan has index-linked capital payments (the value of the capital and the installment is updated by inflation). These loans were originated between 2016 and 2018 and since May 2024, when UVA mortgage loans began to be granted again by Argentine banks.

Receivables from Financial Leases

Our financial leases are granted for financing acquisitions of capital assets, industrial equipment, road equipment and automobiles. The terms of these loans are typically between 18 and 60 months, varying based on the type of product or equipment and the useful life of such product or equipment.

The primary source of repayment for this product is cash flows from the borrower, and, therefore, we evaluate the borrower’s repayment ability before granting such loans. We also evaluate the type of asset for which the financial lease is granted in the event the borrower is unable to repay the loan. If the borrower is unable to repay the loan, we may sell the asset to recover all or part of the outstanding amount of the loan.

The primary risk associated with our financial leases is that the borrower may default on the loan and the collateral may be insufficient to recover the outstanding amount of the loan. We mitigate this risk by: (i) granting financial leases in respect of new assets that have historically shown adequate resale values, (ii) requiring a down payment of 10% to 30% (depending on the repayment ability of the customer); and (iii) for certain types of assets, requiring a commitment from the supplier of the asset to buy or find a buyer for the asset in the event of the borrower’s default. We set floating or fix interest rates for our financial leases based on prevailing market rates.

Automobile and Other Secured Loans

We grant secured loans to finance automobile purchases. The maximum amount of our automobile loans is Ps.70,000,000 with a maximum term of 60 months. Before granting this automobile and other secured loans, we evaluate a customer’s ability to meet monthly payment obligations by taking into account the prospective borrower’s earnings, minimum credit rating and financial and legal background. We also require that the vehicle serve as collateral in the event of a payment default by the borrower. We set interest rates based on the term of the automobile loan and a loan-to-value ratio ranging from 40% to 75% of the value of the vehicle at the time of sale.

Corporate Unsecured Loans

Corporate Financial Loans. Our corporate financial loans finance short-term working capital needs of up to one year or medium-term working capital needs of up to three years for businesses that require monthly or periodic amortization. These loans are granted to customers with annual revenues in excess of Ps.34 billion. We evaluate the customer’s repayment ability using the general criteria and analysis for corporate customers. We also analyze the following factors: the shareholders and management of the borrower, the equity to assets ratio, the financial and economic environment, regulatory risk and projected cash flow for the entire period during which the loan will be outstanding to ensure that the borrower will be able to comply with the scheduled payments under the loan. We take into account the potential effects that economic variables such as exchange rate volatility and inflation could have on projected cash flow. We set either a floating or fixed interest rate for our corporate financial loans based on the creditworthiness of the borrower’s business and the term of the loan.

Loans to Small Businesses and SMEs. Our loans to small businesses and SMEs are originated at the Bank’s branches based on a policy that requires adequate credit and legal history, a minimum credit score and a certain level of revenues. Our loans to small businesses and SMEs finance the working capital needs of businesses with annual revenues of up to Ps.34 billion. The Bank’s branches

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may grant up to Ps.600 million of unsecured loans and Ps.1,500 million of factoring transactions and financial leases, and any excess amount must be evaluated by the Bank’s specialized credit analysis unit. We set either a floating or fixed interest rate for our loans to small businesses based on the creditworthiness of the borrower’s business and the term of the loan. The interest rates for our loans to small business are generally higher than the interest rates for our corporate financial loans reflecting the difference in size and revenues of the businesses.

Overdrafts

We grant overdrafts to businesses to finance working capital needs and ordinary course business activity. We assess whether the borrower has the ability to meet its payment obligations over a maximum 180-day period, placing an emphasis on the borrower’s line of business. Businesses with operations that do not produce short-term revenues or with cyclical operations generally must seek other types of financing. We are able to anticipate a customer’s ability to repay overdrafts by analyzing daily accounts payable, accounts receivable, credits and fluctuations. We set interest rates for our overdrafts on a monthly basis.

Personal Loans and Credit Card Loans (within the Personal and Business Banking segment)

Our Personal and Business Banking segment originates loans based on scoring systems and policies specifically tailored to our Plan Sueldo services, pension and retiree services and general clientele. For a detailed discussion of the Bank’s credit application process, credit monitoring and review process and the risks associated with personal loans and credit card loans. See “—Credit Policy—Banco Supervielle S.A.”

Retail banking in Argentina is heavily regulated, including with respect to maximum interest rates and fees. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Liquidity and Solvency Requirements—Interest Rate and Fee Regulations.” We tailor our policies related to issuing and granting loans and credit to comply with these regulations.

The maximum amount of our personal loans is Ps.62 million, while the average loan as of December 31, 2024 was Ps.1,166,000. The average term of our personal loans as of December 31, 2024 was 33 months, with a maximum of 72 months. The loans are granted at a fixed rate and are paid back in monthly installments and amortized based on the French amortization system, which consists of equal monthly installments amortized in a manner in which (i) interest payments are higher at the beginning of the loan and decrease over the life of the loan, while (ii) principal payments are lower at the beginning of the loan and increase over the life of the loan.

Loan portfolio - Credit Risk Management

We define credit risk as the risk that arises from losses and/or a decline in the value of our assets as a result of our borrowers or counterparties defaulting on or not complying with their obligations. Credit risk includes any event that may cause a decline in the present value of a loan, but does not necessarily require the counterparty’s default. This risk also encompasses liquidity risk, which exists whenever a financial transaction cannot be completed or generate liquidity in accordance with an agreement. The magnitude of credit risk losses hinges upon two factors:

| ● | the amount of exposure at the time of the default; and

| ● | the amounts recovered by the Bank based on the payments received from the borrower and the execution of risk mitigation policies, such as guarantees that may limit losses.

With regard to risk appetite, the credit risk management is the process that leads to the identification, measurement or evaluation, mitigation and monitoring or follow-up of the risk, as considered in the entire credit cycle, since its origin until collection, recovery or loss, and in case of non-compliance. Likewise, the definition of the Bank’s risk appetite is generated through the development and monitoring of indicators, with their respective thresholds and limits for credit risk.

Our credit risk management policies also monitor concentration risk. This risk arises when the concentration of exposure has the capacity to generate enough losses (relating to results of operations, minimum capital requirements, assets or global risk levels) to impact the entity’s financial strength or capacity to maintain its operations and significantly change the entity’s risk profile. In 2020 we developed and implemented a portfolio limits policy to fix maximum portfolio concentration ratios based on economic sectors and customer credit rating. Economic sectors were classified as Very High, High, Mid and Low, according to their risk perception. These

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sectors are regularly monitored to confirm or change the classification according to their evolution. Moreover, we implemented currency limits in the different product and segments to reduce exposure to foreign currency. Since October 2022, we incorporated a module into portfolio limits that monitors the portfolio under the socio-environmental risk policy. This module allows us to classify SMEs and Corporates clients into high, medium and low risk based on their economic activities. While low and medium risks have no limits, high risk cannot exceed 5% of the total loan portfolio.

Our Board of Directors approves credit risk policies and strategies presented by the Risk Management Committee, in consultation with the Credit team, the Legal Affairs team and the Corporate Banking team, and in accordance with Central Bank regulations. The Bank’s credit risk policies and strategies seek to develop commercial opportunities and business plans, while maintaining a prudent level of risk. The credit policy is tailored to corporations and individuals from every segment.

The pillars of the Bank’s credit policy are based on an analysis of the client’s cash flow and its repayment capacity.

The Bank focuses on supporting companies belonging to sectors with great potential which tend to be successful in their activity. Within the range of credit products offered for the corporate business segment, the Bank aims to develop and lead the factoring and leasing market, as well as being leader in foreign trade.

Within the corporate banking segment, we seek to have a solid proposal for the SMEs and middle-market companies seeking to maintain proximity with customers through customer service centers, agreements with customers throughout their value chain and providing agile responses through existing credit processes.

With regard to individuals, in addition to the payroll customers and senior citizens, the retail banking is specially focused on small businesses and SMEs as well as the Identité customers We believe that loan portfolio diversification is a staple of the Bank’s credit risk management objective of distributing risk appropriately by economic segment, client type and loan amount. The same importance is given to the risk mitigation mechanisms that ensure adequate risk coverage, such as the use of credit instruments in the corporate segment that cover substantial amounts of the loan. In addition, we continuously use early detection processes to monitor the performance of the loan portfolio.

Credit Risk Measuring Models

The Bank relies on several models that estimate the distribution of possible losses arising out of the loan portfolio to calculate expected losses and minimum capital requirements. These models include:

| ● | Credit risk measurement models. The Bank’s models estimate distribution of possible loan portfolio losses, which depend on counterparties’ default (probability of default (“PD”)), as well as the exposure assumed with them (EAD—Exposure at the time of default) and the proportion of each unfulfilled loan that the entity is able to recover (Loss in the event of default (“LGD”)). Based on these parameters, the expected loss (“PE”) and economic capital are estimated. As a result of this, a methodological and developmental plan has been developed in order to calculate the RAROC at the Bank in order to optimize the management linked to Credit Risk.

| ● | Expected Losses Calculation. This is calculated based on the results of the PD, EAD and LGD models. The expected loss calculation analyzes portfolio information to estimate the average value of loss distributions for a one year time horizon in the case of performing loans and for a lifetime horizon in the case of underperforming or non-performing loans.

| ● | Minimum Capital Requirement Calculation. This is represented by the difference between the portfolio’s risk value and expected losses within a 99.9% confidence interval for individuals and 99.0% confidence interval for corporate customers. We have two minimum capital requirement models (one for corporate customers and one for individuals), which include the economic capital required for our concentration risk and securitization risk.

We assess on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses associated to our financial assets measured at amortized cost, debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts that are not measured at fair value.

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For the purposes of estimating the impairment amount, and in accordance with its internal policies, we classify its financial instruments (financial assets, commitments and guarantees) measured at amortized cost or fair value through other comprehensive income in one of the following categories:

| ● | Normal Risk (“Stage 1”): includes all instruments that have not experienced a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition and is not purchased or originated credit impaired.

| ● | Normal risk under watchlist (“Stage 2”): includes all instruments that, have experienced significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition but are not yet deemed credit-impaired.

| ● | Doubtful Risk (“Stage 3”): includes financial instruments, overdue or not, which are considered to be credit impaired. Likewise, loan commitments or financial guarantees whose payment is probable and their recovery doubtful are considered to be in Stage 3.

Significant increase in credit risk

We consider a financial instrument to have experienced a significant increase in credit risk when at least one of the following conditions per segment exists:

Individuals and Businesses

| 1. | Portfolios between 31 and 90 days past due;

| 2. | The credit application score has deteriorated by more than 30% with respect to the current performance score;

| 3. | Score of behavior less than accepted cut off (High Income Customers: Plan Sueldo segment (payrroll customers) >=400, Open Market Segment >=600 and Senior Citizens Segment>=610. Other customers: Plan Sueldo Segment (payrroll customers) >=400, Open Market Segment >=600 and Senior Citizens Segment >=610)

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Corporate Banking

1.Portfolios between 31 and 90 days past due

2.Maximum Argentine Central Bank a situation equal to 2

3.Credit Ratings C (Probability of default higher than 30%)

4.Its rating deteriorated by more than two notes from its credit approval rating.

Sectoral Analysis

Considering that the internal impairment models are estimated with historical information, the risk of non-compliance of the companies is evaluated by type of activity based on the degree of affectation that they have due to the current economic situation, taking into account their characteristics and seasonality, among others. Additionally, the different activities that make up the Bank’s portfolio are classified into four types of risk. They are:

| 1. | Low risk

| 2. | Medium risk

| 3. | High risk

| 4. | Very high risk

The evaluation of significant credit increases and the calculation of ECL include prospective information. The Bank carried out a historical analysis and identified key economic variable that affect the credit risk and expected credit losses for each portfolio. Forecasts of these economic variables (“base economic scenario”) are provided on a six-month basis by the research team at the Bank and offer a better estimated outlook of the economy for the next 12 months. The impact of such economic variables on DP and LGD resulted from the statistic regression analysis to understand the impact the changes in these variables has had historically on default rates and LGD components. In addition to the base economic scenario, the research team also provides two potential scenarios together with scenario analysis. The number of other scenarios is defined in accordance with the analysis of the main products to ensure the lineal effect between the future economic scenario and related expected credit losses. The number of scenarios and its features are re-evaluated on a six-month basis, except a situation occurs in the macroeconomic framework that justifies a greater regularity.

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The Bank considers the following variables for estimating expected credit losses on the different scenarios:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Parameter |  | Segment |  | Macroeconomic Indicators
Probability of Default |  | Personal and Business Banking |  | Exchange rate, Inflation, Wage increase, Economic Activity Estimate, Real Badlar rate
​ |  | Corporate Banking |  | Inflation, Wage increase, Real Badlar rate, Activity Indicator
​ |  | Consumer Finance |  | Private Sector Wages, Private sector employment, exchange rate
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loss Given Default |  | All |  | Inflation, Wage increase, Activity Indicator, Exchange rate

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Atomization of the loan portfolio

As a result of our risk management policies, we have a diversified loan portfolio. As of December 31, 2024, the top 10, 50 and 100 borrowers represented 10%, 23% and 30%, respectively, of our total loan portfolio, which shows an increase in the diversification of our loan portfolio, compared to December 2023.

Atomization of the loan portfolio

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loan portfolio atomization |  | 4Q24 |  | 3Q24 |  | 2Q24 |  | 1Q24 |  | 4Q23 |
%Top10 |  | 10 | % | 14 | % | 17 | % | 11 | % | 11 | %
%Top50 |  | 23 | % | 28 | % | 34 | % | 31 | % | 28 | %
%Top100 |  | 31 | % | 36 | % | 44 | % | 42 | % | 38 | %

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Loan Portfolio breakdown by economic activity

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
Business Sector |  | Dec 31, 2024 Share |  | Dec 31, 2023 Share | ​
Families and individuals |  | 42.3 | % | 31.3 | %
Agribusiness |  | 9.1 | % | 12.1 | %
Food & Beverages | ​ | 5.9 | % | 7.8 | %
Oil, Gas & Mining | ​ | 4.3 | % | 2.1 | %
Utilities | ​ | 4.3 | % | 6.4 | %
Financials | ​ | 2.9 | % | 1.8 | %
Wine | ​ | 2.7 | % | 4.7 | %
IT & Communications |  | 2.5 | % | 2.0 | %
Transport |  | 2.5 | % | 1.8 | %
Chemicals & plastics |  | 2.2 | % | 2.2 | %
Construction & Public works |  | 2.0 | % | 2.6 | %
Machinery & Equipment |  | 2.0 | % | 2.2 | %
Textile |  | 1.9 | % | 2.0 | %
Vehicles |  | 1.4 | % | 3.2 | %
Pharmaceutical |  | 1.3 | % | 2.2 | %
Steel |  | 1.2 | % | 0.9 | %
Home appliance |  | 1.2 | % | 1.6 | %
Health | ​ | 0.7 | % | 1.2 | %
Retailer | ​ | 0.6 | % | 1.0 | %
Others |  | 9.0 | % | 10.7 | %

​

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Collateralized Loan Portfolio

As of December 31, 2024, 21% of the total commercial loan portfolio was collateralized, while 89% of the commercial non-performing loans portfolio was collateralized (compared to 33% as of December 31, 2023).

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Entrepreneurs & | ​ | SMEs & Middle | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loan portfolio collaterall |  | Small Businesses |  | Market |  | Large |  | Total |
Collateralized Portfolio | ​ | 31 | % | 41 | % | 15 | % | 21 | %
Unsecured Portfolio |  | 69 | % | 59 | % | 85 | % | 79 | %

​

As of December 31, 2024: (i) 51% of our retail loan portfolio to individuals corresponded to loans granted to payroll and pension clients, (ii) 59% of our open market customers loan portfolio has collateral, (iii) 88% of the personal loans that we originate correspond to payroll customers (including senior citizens who receive their pensions and benefits through the Bank), and (iv) 59% of credit card volumes corresponded to payroll customers (including senior citizens who receive their pensions and benefits through the Bank).

Credit Policy

Banco Supervielle S.A.

Credit Application Process

The credit approval process is designed to facilitate an accurate risks analysis, expedient decisions and complete support information.

Potential customers are interviewed and asked to submit documentation to efficiently evaluate risk. The Credit department performs a risk evaluation using computer software and issues an opinion on the requested assistance. If credit assistance is deemed feasible, the customer’s application is submitted for approval at the appropriate level, pursuant to credit authority guidelines and depending on the facility amount requested, the term and security.

Applications by prospective retail customers and small businesses are analyzed using an electronic application. This process is conducted on an individual basis or a group basis, subject to the information that is available for the analysis.

Credit Monitoring and Review Process

It is the Bank’s policy to continually track and monitor risk in order to anticipate or foresee changes in the macroeconomic environment and anomalies that may affect the course of customers’ activities and the repayment of loans. The Credit Risk department traces alert indicators for signals that may affect credit collection. Signals could be late payments of more than 30 days, alerts from credit bureaus, lawsuits from third parties, customers or suppliers and bounced checks. Action plans are in place to anticipate or mitigate potential nonperformance situations. The Credit Risk department tracks alert indicators by:

| ● | analyzing loan portfolio evolution;

| ● | verifying compliance with credit regulatory requirements;

| ● | reviewing the factoring portfolio on a daily basis by operation, maturity, concentration, direct and indirect risk;

| ● | verifying and analyzing customer arrears;

| ● | detecting market alerts, customer behavior in the market and the financial system, lawsuits, etc.;

| ● | proposing action plans;

| ● | involving the senior credit committee or junior credit committee as applicable;

| ● | reporting customer alerts to officials and managers; and

| ● | establishing allowances for estimated loan losses.

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Credit Approval Process

The following chart describes the levels of approval for the different types of loans:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Credit Approval Limit
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (in millions of Pesos)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | A- or > |  | BB+ or > |  | BB or <
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total Maximum
​ |  | ​ |  | Approval Limit
Senior Committee |  | Chief Risk Officer (as Chairman of the Committee); |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ |  | CEO (as Vice chairman of the Committee); | ​ | Maximum limit set by regulation | ​ | Maximum limit set by regulation | ​ | Maximum limit set by regulation
​ |  | Chief Corporate Banking Officer; | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Executive Manager. Middle-market & corporates; | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Manager of SMEs business | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Chief of Treasury and Global Markets; | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Junior Committee |  |  |  |  | ​ | ​ |  |
​ |  | Chief Risk Officer (as Chairman of the Committee); |  | 13,300 | ​ | 13,300 | ​ | 13,300
​ |  | Manager of SMEs business; | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Executive Manager. Middle-market & corporates; | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Manager Corporate Banking Bs Aires and Interior; | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Manager | ​ | ​ |  | 7,700 | ​ | 7,700 |  | 7,700
Team Leaders | ​ | ​ |  | 3,000 | ​ | 2,150 |  | NA
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Relationship officers | ​ | ​ |  | 2,000 | ​ | 1,100 | ​ | NA

​

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Recovery Process

The Bank’s Recovery Area handles the collection of past due credits. Collections are handled by different units for individual and corporate customers.

With respect to individual customers, the Recovery Area begins a collection process when credits become past due by three days. The recovery team issues automatic notice actions from the third to the eighth past due days in order to warn the customers. After this period, the collection of the overdue credit is handled by a third-party collection agency. After 150 days, the Recovery Area determines whether the past due credit should be sent to a different collection agency or it made subject to legal proceedings.

In the case of corporate clients and SMEs, payment defaults are analyzed on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the loan amount and the number of days in arrears, among other factors. The Recovery Department can participate in out-of-court and judicial settlement negotiations and approve debtor payment proposals in amounts for up to Ps.50 million.

Cybersecurity; Information Security; Data Protection

See “Item 16.K. Cybersecurity.”

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Competition

Over the last decade, and increasingly over the past five years, traditional banks have accelerated their digital transformation processes in order to adapt to the current environment where competition has been intensified by the disruption of fintech platforms which have entered the financial markets offering innovative digital business models, new business opportunities and new usage options. In many cases, traditional banks have combined digital banking platforms with traditional banking solutions to offer to their customers the advantages of both systems. In addition, certain traditional banks have created digital banking platforms which operate separately from the traditional banking systems. During 2024, traditional banks continued to make progress on the development of digital capabilities and certain indicators show improvements in terms of digital adoption and customer experience.

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Traditional Banking

The Argentine financial system remains highly fragmented compared to the rest of Latin America. As of December 31, 2024 the Argentine financial system had 74 financial entities, of which 61 were banks, of which 13 were public banks and 48 private banks. In terms of bank ownership, as of December 31, 2024, the percentage of banks controlled by the Argentine government was 21%, the percentage of banks controlled by Argentine private entities was 57%, the percentage of banks controlled by foreign financial entities was 11%, and branches of foreign financial entities represented 10%. As of December 31, 2024, the number of financial companies operating in this segment was 13.

According to the information published by the Central Bank, as of December 31, 2024 we were one of the top 10 private banks in the Argentine financial system in terms of outstanding amount of loans and deposits. In terms of deposits, we had an estimated market share of 2.6% of daily average deposits in December 2024, ranking eighth among the total private banks in the Argentine financial system and eleventh among total banks in the Argentine financial system. In terms of total loans, we had an estimated market share of 2.8% of daily average loans in December 2024, ranking seventh among the total private banks in the Argentine financial system and ninth among total banks in the Argentine financial system.

The Bank faces a high degree of competition in virtually all core financial products with respect to pricing (interest rate or fee) and term. The Bank’s strategy to face this competition is to maintain aggressive business policies, to differentiate its product offering and customer service from other financial institutions, and to redesign its processes in order to achieve greater sales productivity.

Notwithstanding this competitive challenge, our growth strategy, both organic and through acquisitions, has resulted in an increase in our financial system market share since 2005, according to the information published by the Central Bank. Taking into consideration total loan portfolio and receivables from financial leases portfolio at the end of the year 2024, total loans and leasing market share was 2.9% in 2024 compared to 0.1% as of December 31, 2001.

Mutual Funds

With respect to the mutual fund market, based on the Chamber of Mutual Funds information we estimate that our market share was 2.4% as of December 31, 2024, and that SAM is ranked 16 out of 57 managers in the industry. Our main competitors are Galicia Administradora de Fondos S.A.S.G.F.C.I., Macro Fondos S.G.F.C.I.S.A., ICBC Investments S.A.S.G.F.C.I., Francés Administradora de Inversiones S.A.G.F.C.I. and Santander Río Asset Management G.F.C.I.S.A.

Online trading broker

During 2024, IOL invertironline strengthened its leadership in Argentina’s retail digital brokerage market, and recorded significant growth in net income and fee generation. At the end of 2024, IOL invertironline had nearly 1.5 million accounts, representing a 57% increase compared to 2023, 569,000 active customers, and approximately Ps.2 trillion in managed assets. During 2024, more than 26 million transactions were carried out through IOL invertironline, with an average of 283,000 monthly active users, 70% higher than in 2023. Additionally, at the end of 2024, IOL invertironline launched its first U.S. dollar-denominated investment fund, which rapidly became the fourth-largest fund of this kind, currently exceeding U.S.$125 million in managed assets.

In December, 2024, IOL invertironline ranked fourth in the ByMA exchange ranking on Equity with a market share of 4.27% and sixth with a 6.22% market share in CEDEARs (Certificado de Depósito Argentinos), according to the information published by ByMA. IOL invertironline’s main competitors are Balanz Capital Valores S.A.U., Bull Market Brokers S.A., PP Inversiones S.A. and Cocos Capital Servicios Digitales S.A.

Argentine Banking Regulation Overview

Founded in 1935, the Central Bank is the principal monetary and financial authority in Argentina. Its mission is to promote monetary and financial stability, employment and economic development with social equity. It operates pursuant to its charter, which was amended in 2012 by Law No. 26,739 and the provisions of the FIL. Under the terms of its charter, the Central Bank must operate independently from the Argentine government.

Since 1977, banking activities in Argentina have been regulated primarily by the FIL, which empowers the Central Bank to regulate the financial sector. The Central Bank regulates and supervises the Argentine banking system through the Superintendency.

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The Superintendency is responsible for enforcing Argentina’s banking laws, establishing accounting and financial reporting requirements for the banking sector, monitoring and regulating the lending practices of financial institutions and establishing rules for participation of financial institutions in the foreign exchange market and the issuance of bonds and other securities, among other functions.

The powers of the Central Bank include the authority to fix the monetary base, set interest rates, establish minimum capital, liquidity and solvency requirements, regulate credit, approve bank mergers, approve certain capital increases and transfers of stock, grant and revoke banking licenses, and to authorize the establishment of branches of foreign financial institutions in Argentina and the extension of financial assistance to financial institutions in cases of temporary liquidity or solvency problems.

The Central Bank establishes certain technical ratios that must be observed by financial entities, such as ration related to levels of solvency, liquidity, the maximum credit that may be granted per customer and foreign exchange assets and liability positions.

In addition, financial entities need the authorization from the Central Bank forcertain actions, such as opening or changing branches or ATMs, acquiring share interests in other financial or non-financial corporations and establishing liens over their assets, among others.

As supervisor of the financial system, the Central Bank requires financial institutions to submit information on a daily, monthly, quarterly, semiannual and annual basis. These reports, which include balance sheets and income statements, information related to reserve funds, use of deposits, classifications of portfolio quality (including details on principal debtors and any allowances for loan losses), compliance with capital requirements and any other relevant information, allow the Central Bank to monitor the business practices of financial entities. In order to confirm the accuracy of the information provided, the Central Bank is authorized to carry out inspections.

If the Central Bank’s rules are not complied with, various sanctions may be imposed by the Superintendency, depending on the level of infringement. These sanctions range from a notice of non-compliance to the imposition of fines or, in extreme cases, the revocation of the financial entity’s operating license. Additionally, non-compliance with certain rules may result in the compulsory filing of specific adequacy or restructuring plans with the Central Bank. These plans must be approved by the Central Bank to permit the financial institution to remain in business.

Banking Regulation and Supervision

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Since September 1994, the Central Bank has supervised the Argentine financial institutions on a consolidated basis. Such institutions must file periodic consolidated financial statements that reflect the operations of head offices or parent companies, as well as those of their branches in Argentina and abroad, and of their significant subsidiaries, whether domestic or foreign. Accordingly, requirements in relation to liquidity and solvency, minimum capital, risk concentration and loan loss provisions, among others, should be calculated on a consolidated basis.

Permitted Activities and Investments

The FIL governs any individuals and entities that perform habitual financial intermediation and, as such, are part of the financial system, including commercial banks, investment banks, mortgage banks, financial companies, savings and loan companies for residential purposes and credit unions. Except for commercial banks, which are authorized to conduct all financial activities and services that are specifically established by law or by regulations of the Central Bank, the activities that may be carried out by Argentine financial entities are set forth in the FIL and related Central Bank regulations. Commercial banks are allowed to perform any and all financial activities inasmuch as such activities are not forbidden by law. Some of the activities permitted for commercial banks include the ability to (i) receive deposits from the public in both local and foreign currency; (ii) underwrite, acquire, place or negotiate debt securities, including government securities, in both exchange and over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets (subject to prior approval by the CNV, if applicable); (iii) grant and receive loans; (iv) guarantee customers’ debts; (v) conduct foreign currency exchange transactions; (vi) issue credit cards; (vii) act, subject to certain conditions, as brokers in real estate transactions; (viii) carry out commercial financing transactions; (ix) act as registrars of mortgage bonds; (x) participate in foreign exchange transactions; and (xi) act as fiduciary in financial trusts. In addition, pursuant to the FIL and Central Bank Communication “A” 3086, as amended, commercial banks are authorized to operate commercial, industrial, agricultural and other types of companies that do not provide supplemental services to the banking services (as defined by applicable Central Bank regulations) to the extent that the commercial bank’s interest in such companies does not exceed 12.5% of its voting stock or 12.5% of its capital stock. Nonetheless, if the aforementioned limits were to be exceeded,

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the bank should (i) request Central Bank’s authorization; or (ii) give notice of such situation to the Central Bank, as the case may be. However, even when commercial banks’ interests do not reach such percentages, they are not allowed to operate such companies if (i) such interest allows them to control a majority of votes at a shareholders’ or board of directors’ meeting, or (ii) the Central Bank does not authorize the acquisition.

Furthermore, according to the rules regarding “Complementary Services of the Financial Entities and Allowed Activities,” as amended, commercial banks are authorized to operate in local or foreign companies that have one or two of the exclusive corporate purposes listed in section 2.2 of said rules, in which the commercial bank’s interest either exceeds 12.5% of such companies’ voting stock or allows the commercial bank to control a majority of votes at a shareholders’ or board of directors’ meeting. The financial entities shall give notice to the Superintendency if the corporate purposes of such companies include any of the corporate purposes listed in section 2.2 of that rule. Financial institutions are prohibited from conducting or facilitating transactions involving digital assets, including crypto-assets and those whose returns are determined based on their price fluctuations, unless such assets are authorized by a competent national regulatory authority or the Central Bank.

Under Central Bank rules regarding to “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions,” the holdings of a commercial bank in the capital stock of third parties, including participations in mutual funds, shall not exceed 60% of the Computable Equity Liability (“RPC,” as per its acronym in Spanish) of such commercial bank. In addition, the total amount of a commercial bank’s holdings, considered as a whole, in (i) unlisted shares, excluding holdings in companies that provide complementary services to the financial activity and holdings in state-owned companies that provide public services, (ii) listed shares and mutual fund shares that do not trigger minimum capital requirements on a market risk bases, and (iii) publicly traded shares that do not have a “market price available to the general public,” is limited to 15% of such commercial bank’s RPC. For this purpose, a given market price of the shares is considered to be “available to the general public” when market rates that measure the daily volume of significant transactions are available, and the sale of such shares held by such bank would not materially affect the share price.

Operations and Activities that Banks Are Not Permitted to Perform

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Section 28 of the FIL prohibits commercial banks from: (a) creating liens on their own assets without prior approval from the Central Bank, (b) accepting their own shares as collateral, (c) conducting transactions with their own directors or managers and with companies or persons related thereto under terms that are more favorable than those regularly offered in transactions with other clients, and (d) carrying out commercial, industrial, agricultural or other activities without prior approval of the Central Bank, except those considered financially related activities under Central Bank regulations. Notwithstanding the foregoing, banks may own shares in other financial institutions with the prior approval of the Central Bank, and may own shares or debt of public services companies, if necessary to obtain those services.

Legal Reserve

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Pursuant to the FIL, we are required to maintain a legal reserve which must be funded with no more than 20% and no less than 10% of yearly income. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, pursuant to Central Bank rules, we are required to maintain a legal reserve which is funded with 20% of our yearly income determined in accordance with such rules. This reserve can only be used during periods in which a financial institution has incurred losses and has exhausted all other reserves. If a financial institution does not comply with the required legal reserve, it is not allowed to pay dividends to its shareholders. For further information, see “Item 5.A. Operating Results.”

Non-liquid Assets

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Since February 2004, non-liquid assets (computed on the basis of their closing balance at the end of each month, and net of those assets that are deducted to compute the regulatory capital) plus the financings granted to a financial institution’s related parties (computed on the basis of the highest balance during each month for each customer) cannot exceed 100% of the Argentine regulatory capital of the financial institution, except for certain particular cases in which it may exceed up to 150%.

Non-liquid assets consist of miscellaneous assets and receivables, bank property and equipment, assets securing obligations, except for swaps, futures and derivative transactions, certain intangible assets and equity investments in unlisted companies or listed shares, if the holding exceeds 2.5% of the issuing company’s equity. Non-compliance with the ratio produces an increase in the minimum capital requirements equal to 100% of the excess on the ratio.

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Unless otherwise indicated, the regulations described in this section should be applied to financial information of the banks calculated in accordance with Central Bank rules.

Minimum Capital Requirements

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The Central Bank requires financial institutions to maintain minimum capital amounts measured as of each month’s closing. The minimum capital is defined as the greater of (i) the basic minimum capital requirement, which is explained below, or (ii) the sum of the credit risk, operational risk and market risk. Financial institutions (including their domestic Argentine and international branches) must comply with the minimum capital requirements both on an individual and a consolidated basis.

As stated above under “Presentation of Financial and Other Information,” we have prepared our audited consolidated financial statements for 2024, 2023 and 2022 under IFRS. Minimum capital requirement has been prepared in accordance with the rules of the Argentine Central Bank, which is not comparable to data prepared under IFRS.

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The following table sets forth information regarding excess capital and selected capital ratios of the Bank:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 (3) |  | 2022(4) | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages and | ​
​ | ​ | ratios) | ​
Calculation of excess capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allocated to assets at risk |  | 182,998,532 |  | 113,069,951 |  | 140,574,334 |
Allocated to Bank premises and equipment, intangible assets and equity investment assets |  | 23,723,556 |  | 23,209,663 |  | 25,415,799 |
Market risk |  | 17,327,442 |  | 6,484,215 |  | 11,487,308 |
Public sector and securities in investment account |  | 534,442 |  | 592,757 |  | 4,242,194 |
Operational risk |  | 74,466,666 |  | 51,026,023 |  | 55,528,568 |
Required minimum capital under Central Bank rules |  | 299,050,638 |  | 194,382,609 |  | 237,248,203 |
Basic net worth |  | 824,470,904 |  | 732,667,574 |  | 526,365,675 |
Complementary net worth |  | — |  | — |  | 17,632,600 |
Deductions |  | (233,821,244) |  | (222,220,695) |  | (169,964,031) |
Total capital under Central Bank rules |  | 590,649,660 |  | 510,446,879 |  | 374,034,244 |
Excess capital |  | 291,599,022 |  | 316,064,270 |  | 136,786,041 |
Credit Risk Weighted Assets | ​ | 2,557,622,021 | ​ | 1,672,850,285 | ​ | 2,057,126,334 | ​
Risk Weighted Assets (1) | ​ | 3,662,675,501 | ​ | 2,379,950,437 | ​ | 2,904,024,550 | ​
Selected capital and liquidity ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Regulatory capital/credit risk weighted assets | ​ | 23.1 | % | 30.5 | % | 18.2 | %
Regulatory capital/risk weighted assets | ​ | 16.1 | % | 21.4 | % | 12.9 | %
Average shareholders’ equity as a percentage of average total assets |  | 17.8 | % | 14.5 | % | 12.2 | %
Total liabilities as a multiple of total shareholders’ equity |  | 5.4x | ​ | 5.4x | ​ | 8.3x | ​
Cash as a percentage of total deposits |  | 20.2 | % | 14.4 | % | 8.7 | %
Liquid assets as a percentage of total deposits (2) | ​ | 55.6 | % | 83.1 | % | 65.8 | %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1) / Risk weighted assets |  | 16.1 | % | 21.4 | % | 12.3 | %

(1) | Risk Weighted Assets includes operational risk weighted assets, market risk weighted assets, and credit risk weighted assets, Operational risk weighted assets and market risk weighted assets are calculated by multiplying their respective required minimum capital under Central Bank rules by 12.5, Credit Risk Weighted Assets is calculated by applying the respective credit risk weights to our assets, following Central Bank rules.

(2) | Liquid assets include cash, government securities, government securities in guarantee, securities issued by the Central Bank, repo transactions with the Central Bank and call operations.

(3) | Figures for the year 2023 had been prepared in accordance with Communication “A” 8009 for comparative purposes. Values adjusted for inflation.

(4) | Values adjusted for inflation.

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As of December 31, 2024, the Bank’s total capital ratio was 16.1%, compared to 21.4% as of December 31, 2023, and the Bank’s common equity Tier 1 ratio was 16.1%, compared to 21.4% as of December 31, 2023. On June 28, 2019, the Central Bank issued a ruling, effective January 1, 2020, requiring Group “A” financial institutions controlled by non-financial institutions (such as

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Grupo Supervielle and the Bank) to comply with minimum capital requirements, major exposure to credit risk regulations, liquidity coverage ratio and net stable funding ratio. These requirements apply on a consolidated basis, excluding insurance companies and non-financial subsidiaries. On March 21, 2024, the Central Bank introduced Communication “A” 7982, requiring financial institutions to submit monthly consolidated reports starting in April 2024.

The capital composition to be considered in order to determine compliance with minimum capital requirements is the financial institution’s RPC (Central Bank rules regarding “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions,” as amended).

Basic Minimum Capital

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As from May 23, 2024, the basic minimum capital requirement to be complied with by financial institutions is as follows:

Banks |  | Other Entities (*)
Ps. 5,000 million |  | Ps. 2,500 million

(*)Except credit entities.

Financial entities operating as of June 1, 2024 must comply with the basic capital requirement set forth in the table above from January 1, 2025. From June 1, 2024, until December 31, 2024, such operating entities shall apply the requirements set forth in the following table:

​ | ​ | ​
Banks |  | Other Entities (*)
Ps. 1,500 million |  | Ps. 700 million

(*)Except credit entities.

Financial institutions in operation as of June 1, 2024, that do not meet the integration of the basic capital requirement as outlined in the previous paragraph and/or the basic capital requirement from January 1, 2025, according to their business plan and capital self-assessment report must submit a compliance program to the Superintendency within 20 calendar days following the registration or projection of non-compliance, respectively.

Regulatory Capital of Financial Institutions: Tier 1 and Tier 2 Capital Regulations

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Argentine financial institutions must comply with guidelines similar to those adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Regulations and Supervisory Practices, as amended in 1995 (the “Basel Rules”). In certain respects, however, Argentine banking regulations require higher ratios than those set forth under the Basel Rules.

The Central Bank takes into consideration a financial institution’s RPC in order to determine compliance with capital requirements. RPC consists of Tier 1 capital (Basic Net Worth) and Tier 2 capital (Complementary Net Worth), net of corresponding deductions.

Tier 1 Capital

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Tier 1 capital consists of (i) common equity tier 1 (“COn1”), (ii) deductible items from the common equity tier 1 (CDCOn1), (iii) additional equity tier 1 (“CAn1”), and (iv) deductible concepts from additional capital level 1 (CDCAn1).

COn1 Capital

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COn1 includes the following net worth items:

| (i) | capital stock (excluding preferred stock),

| (ii) | non-capitalized capital contributions (excluding share premium),

| (iii) | adjustments to shareholders’ equity,

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| (iv) | earnings reserves (excluding the special reserve for debt instruments),

| (v) | unappropriated earnings,

| (vi) | other results either positive or negative, in the following terms:

| ● | 100% of net earnings or losses recorded until the last quarterly financial statements with limited review report, corresponding to the last full fiscal year and in respect of which the auditor has not issued the audit report;

| ● | 100% of net earnings or losses for the current year as of the date of the most recent audited quarterly financial statements;

| ● | 50% of profits or 100% of losses for the most recent audited quarterly or annual financial statements; and

| ● | 100% of losses not shown in the financial statements, arising from quantification of any facts and circumstances reported by the auditor;

| (vii) | other comprehensive income:

| (a) | 100% of the results recorded in the following items belonging to the account “Other comprehensive cumulative results” for the most recent audited quarterly or annual financial statements:

| ● | Revaluation of property, plant, and equipment and

| ● | intangibles; gains or losses on financial instruments at fair value with changes in other comprehensive income.

| (b) | 100% of the debit balance of each of the items recorded in other comprehensive income not mentioned in section (a). The recognition of these concepts, registered in accounts of other comprehensive income or other accumulated comprehensive income, as appropriate, will be made in accordance with the terms of points 8.2.1.5. or 8.2.1.6., as the case may be, of Central Bank’s rules regarding “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions.”

| (viii) | share premiums of the instruments included in COn1, and

| (ix) | in the case of consolidated entities, it also includes minority shareholdings (ordinary shares issued by subsidiaries subject to consolidated supervision and belonging to third parties, if certain criteria are met).

These items are reduced by applicable deductible items, as defined by the relevant regulations.

In order for the shares to fall under COn1, at the time of issuance, the financial entity must not generate any expectation that such shares will be reacquired, redeemed or amortized, and the contractual terms must not contain any clause that might generate such an expectation.

Deductible Concepts

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The above-mentioned concepts will be considered without certain deductions pursuant to subsection 8.4.1 and 8.4.2 (as applicable) of Central Bank rules regarding “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions,” as amended.

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Concepts deductible from COn1 include, among other things: (a) positive balances resulting from comparing the amount of the regulatory provision—derived from the application of the “Minimum Provisions for Credit Risk” regulations, or the accounting provision corresponding to the balance of accounts as of November 30, 2019, whichever is greater, and the accounting provision derived from the application of Section 5.5 “Impairment of Value” of IFRS 9. Before any deduction, the amount of the provision for credit risk related to the “normal situation” portfolio, computed as supplementary net worth, must be absorbed; (b) favorable balances arising from the application of the minimum presumed income tax, net of provisions, that exceed 10% of the Tier 1 capital for the previous month, and favorable balances arising from deferred tax assets; (c) deposits maintained in a corresponding account with a foreign financial institutions that are not rated as “investment grade,” (d) debt securities not held by the relevant financial institutions, except in the case of securities registered by or in custody of the Central Bank (CRYL), Caja de Valores S.A., or Clearstream, Euroclear and the Depository Trust Company, (e) securities issued by foreign governments whose credit rating is less than ‘investment grade’ according to Communication “A” 5671, as amended; (f) subordinated debt instruments issued by other financial institutions; (g) shareholders; (h) real property added to the assets of the financial entity and with respect to which the title deed is not duly recorded at the pertinent Argentine real property registry, except where such assets shall have been acquired in a court-ordered auction sale; (i) intangible assets, net of the respective accumulated depreciation; (j) items pending allocation, debtor balances and other; (k) certain assets or other concepts, as required by the Superintendency resulting from differences between carry amount and the fair value of assets or actions taken to distort or disguise the true nature or scope of operations; (l) any deficiencies due to insufficient provisions for bad debt risk resulting from the application of Section 5.5 “Impairment of Value” under IFRS 9, as determined by the Superintendency; (m) any deficiencies due to insufficiency in the calculation of regulatory provisions in accordance with the regulations on “Minimum Provisions for Bad Debt Risk” as determined by Superintendency; (n) equity interests in companies that have the following activities: (i) financial assistance through leasing or factoring agreements, (ii) transitory equity acquisitions in other companies in order to further their development to the extent the ultimate purpose is selling such interest after development is accomplished, and (iii) credit, debit and similar cards emissions; (o) the excess to the limits set forth for secured assets on Section 3 of the rules on “Affectation of Restricted Assets” (p) the highest balance of that month’s financial assistance granted during the month, where the advance payments set forth in Section 3.2.5 of the rules on “Lending to the non-financial public sector” surpass the authorized limit and/or are not settled within the terms established therein; (q) income from sales relating to securitization transactions, as applicable, pursuant to the provisions of Sections 3.1.4., 3.1.5.1. and 3.1.5.2. of Central Bank rules regarding “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions,” and from portfolio sales or assignments with recourse. This deduction can be applied as long as the credit risk still persists and to the extent in which the capital requirement for the underlying exposures or the sold or assigned portfolio with recourse is maintained; (r) in the case of liabilities from derivatives accounted for at fair value, unrealized gains or losses due to changes in the financial institution’s credit risk will be deductible. The deduction will be limited to the financial institution’s own credit risk adjustments only plus or minus, as the case may be); such adjustments may not be offset against adjustments for counterpart risk; (s) equity interests in financial institutions subject to consolidated oversight, except where not permitted due to the existence of deductible amounts; or in the case of foreign financial institutions. In these cases, the deductions will be the net amount of the allowance for impairment and, when controlled financial institutions subject to the provisions of Section 8.2.1.6., item iii) are involved, the deductions will be 50% of the net amount of profits derived by these entities on a proportional basis to their respective interests.

CAn1 Capital

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CAn1 includes certain debt instruments of financial entities not included under COn1 that meet the regulatory criteria established in section 8.3.2 of the rules regarding “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions,” as amended and supplemented, and share premiums resulting from instruments included in CAn1. Furthermore, in the case of consolidated entities, it includes instruments issued by subsidiaries subject to consolidated supervision and belonging to third parties, pursuant to applicable regulatory requirements.

The concepts mentioned in the previous paragraph will be reduced, if applicable, by the deductible concepts provided in the previous section (See “-Deductible Concepts” above).

Moreover, instruments included under CAn1 must comply with the following requirements:

| (1) | Must be totally subscribed and paid in full.

| (2) | Must be subordinated to depositors, unsecured creditors and to the subordinated debt of the financial entity. The instruments must contemplate that in the case of the entity’s bankruptcy and once all debts with all the other creditors are satisfied, its creditors shall have priority in the distributions of funds only and exclusively with respect to the shareholders (irrespective of their class), with the express waiver of any general or special privilege.

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| (3) | Must not be insured or guaranteed by the issuer or a related entity, and with no agreement improving, either legally or economically, the payment priority in the case of the entity’s bankruptcy.

| (4) | They shall not contemplate any type of capital payment, except in the case of liquidation of the financial entity. Provisions gradually increasing remuneration or other incentives for anticipated amortization are not allowed.

| (5) | After five (5) years as from the issuance date, the financial entity can buy back the debt instruments if: (i) it has the prior authorization of the Superintendency, (ii) the entity does not create any expectations regarding the exercise of the purchase option, and (iii) the debt instrument is replaced by a RPC of equal or greater value sustained by its revenue capacity, or if it is demonstrated that once the purchase option is exercised its RPC significantly exceeds at least by 20% of the minimum capital requirements.

| (6) | Any capital repayment requires previous authorization from the Superintendency. In the case of a capital repayment, the financial entity must not create any market expectations regarding the granting of such authorization.

| (7) | The financial entity can pay dividends/interest coupons at any time, and at its sole discretion, which shall not be considered a default in itself and shall not grant bondholders the right to claim the conversion of their notes into ordinary shares. Furthermore, there shall be no restrictions to the financial entity, except with respect to dividend distribution to the shareholders.

| (8) | The payment of dividends/interest coupons shall be carried out through the noting of distributable entries, in the terms of the regulations on “Results Distribution” (See “- Requirements applicable to dividend distribution”).

| (9) | The included dividends/interest coupons shall not have periodic adjustments because of the financial entity’s credit risk.

| (10) | They should not have been bought by the financial entity or any other entity over which the financial entity has control or significant influence.

| (11) | They should not have been bought with direct or indirect financing from the financial entity.

| (12) | They shall not contain elements that make re-capitalization difficult.

Instruments considered liabilities must absorb losses once a pre-established triggering event takes place. The instruments must do so through their conversion into ordinary shares and a mechanism assigning final losses to the instrument with the following effects:

| (a) | Reduction of debt represented by the instrument in the event of winding-up of the entity;

| (b) | Reduction of the amount to be repaid in case a call option is exercised;

| (c) | Total or partial reduction of the dividends/interest coupon payments of the instrument.

Complementary Net Worth (PNc or NWc): Tier 2

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Tier 2 Capital includes (i) certain debt instruments of financial entities which are not included in Tier 1 Capital and meet the regulatory criteria established in section 8.3.3 of the Central Bank rules regarding “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions” as amended and supplemented, (ii) share premium from instruments included in Tier 2 Capital, and (iii) loan loss provisions on the loan portfolio of debtors classified as being in a “normal situation” pursuant to Central Bank rules on debtor classification and on financings with class “A” preferred securities not exceeding 1.25% of the assets measured for credit risk. Additionally, in the case of consolidated entities, it includes (iv) debt instruments issued by subsidiaries subject to a consolidated supervision and belonging to third parties, if they meet the criteria in order to be included under complementary net worth.

The concepts mentioned in the preceding points shall be deducted, if applicable, by the deductible items provided in Section 8.4.2 of the rules regarding “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions,” as amended and supplemented.

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Moreover, debt instruments included under complimentary net worth must comply with the following requirements:

| ● | Must be totally subscribed and paid in full.

| ● | Must be subordinated to depositors, unsecured creditors and the subordinated debt of the financial entity.

| ● | Must not be insured or guaranteed by the issuer or a related entity, and with no agreement improving either legally or economically the payment priority in case of the entity’s bankruptcy.

| ● | Maturity: (i) original maturity date within no less than five (5) years, (ii) clauses considering gradually increasing remuneration or other incentives for anticipated amortization are not allowed, and (iii) from the beginning of the last five years of life of the indebtedness, the computable amount will be diminished by 20% of its nominal issuance value. After five (5) years as from the issuance date, the financial entity can buy back the debt instruments with the previous authorization of the Superintendency, and if the entity does not create any expectations regarding the exercise of the purchase option. The debt instrument must be replaced by an RPC of equal or greater value sustained by its revenue capacity, or if it is demonstrated that once the purchase option is exercised its RPC significantly exceeds at least in a 20% of the minimum capital requirements.

| ● | The investor shall not be entitled to accelerate the repayment of future projected payments, except in the case of bankruptcy or liquidation.

| ● | They cannot incorporate dividends/coupons with periodic adjustments linked to the financial entity’s credit risk.

| ● | They should not have been bought by the financial entity or any other entity over which the financial entity has control or significant influence.

| ● | They should not have been bought with direct or indirect financing from the financial entity.

Additionally, instruments included in Tier 2 capital and CAn1, shall meet the following conditions in order to assure their loss-absorbency capacity:

| (a) | Their terms and conditions must include a provision pursuant to which the instruments must absorb losses–either through a release from debt or its conversion into ordinary capital–once a triggering event has occurred, as described hereunder.

| (b) | If the holders receive compensation for the debt release performed, it should be carried out immediately and only in the form of ordinary shares, pursuant to applicable regulations.

| (c) | The financial entity must have been granted the authorization required for the immediate issuance of the corresponding ordinary shares in the case of a triggering event, as described below.

Triggering events of regulatory provisions described above are: (i) when the solvency or liquidity of the financial entity is threatened and the Central Bank rejects the amnesty plan submitted or revokes its authorization to function, or authorizes restructuring protecting depositors (whichever occurs first) or (ii) upon the decision to capitalize the financial entity with public funds in the context of the application of Section 35 bis of the FIL, due to the impact on its liquidity and solvency.

The Bank has issued three series of subordinated notes, none of which is outstanding as of the date of this annual report. See “Item 5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financings—Banco Supervielle S.A.”

Further criteria regarding the eligibility of items included in the RPC calculation must be followed pursuant to the regulatory requirements of minority and other computable instruments issued by subsidiaries, subject to consolidated supervision by third parties. A minority shareholding may be included in COn1 of the financial entity if the original instrument complies with the requirements established for its qualification as ordinary shares regarding the RPC.

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Deductible concepts applied to the different capital levels

| (i) | Investments in computable instruments under the financial entity’s RPC not subject to consolidated supervision when the entity owns up to 10% of the issuer’s ordinary capital according to the following criteria: (i) investments include direct, indirect or synthetic interests; (ii) investments include the acquired net position; (iii) the holding of securities underwritten to be sold within five business days term may be excluded; and (iv) the investments in capital instruments that do not satisfy the criteria to be classified as COn1 (Common Capital Tier 1), AT1 (Additional Capital Tier 1) or PNc (Supplementary Capital) of the financial institution shall be regarded as COn1 –common equity shares, for the purposes of this regulatory adjustment. If the aggregate amount of these interests in the capital of financial institutions, companies providing services supplementary to the financial industry and insurance companies – which individually represent less than 10% of the COn1 of each issuer – exceeds 10% of the COn1 of the financial entity, net of applicable deductions, the amount over such 10% shall be deducted from each capital tier in accordance with the following formula: (i) amount to be deducted from COn1: aggregate excess amount over 10% multiplied by the proportion represented by the COn1 holdings over the aggregate equity interests; (ii) amount to be deducted from CAn1: aggregate excess amount over 10% multiplied by the proportion represented by the CAn1 over the aggregate equity interests; and (iii) amount to be deducted from PNc: aggregate excess amount over 10% multiplied by the proportion represented by the PNc holdings over the aggregate equity interest. If the financial institution does not have enough capital to make the deduction pertaining to a particular capital tier, the remaining amount shall be deducted from the next higher level. Amounts below the threshold, which are not deducted, are weighted based upon the risk or are taken into account in the calculation of the market risk requirement, as applicable.

| (ii) | Investments in instruments computed as regulatory capital of financial institutions and companies rendering services supplementary to the financial industry, not subject to consolidated supervision and insurance companies, when the institution holds more than 10% of the common equity of the issuer, or when the issuer is a subsidiary of a financial institution, shall be subject to the following criteria: (i) the investments include direct, indirect and synthetic interests (for these purposes, (a) indirect interest means an investment by a financial institution in another financial institution or company not subject to consolidated oversight, which in turn has an interest in another financial institution or company not consolidated with the first one, and (b) a synthetic interest means an investment made by a financial institution in an instrument the value of which is directly related with the equity value of another financial institution or company not subject to consolidated supervision); (ii) the net acquired position is included, i.e., the gross acquired position less the position sold in the same underlying exposure, when this has the same duration than the acquired position or its residual life is at least one year; (iii) the holding of securities underwritten to be sold within a five business day term may be excluded; and (iv) investments in capital instruments that do not satisfy the criteria to be classified as COn1, CAn1 or PNc of the financial institution shall be regarded as Con1, common equity shares, for the purposes of this regulatory adjustment. The amount of these interests, taking into account the applicable type of instrument, shall be deducted from each of the applicable capital tiers of the financial institution. If the financial institution does not have enough capital to make the deduction pertaining to a particular capital tier, the remaining amount shall be deducted from the next higher level.

| (iii) | Own repurchased instruments that satisfy the criteria for being included in CAn1 or PNc must be deducted from the applicable capital tier.

Limits

Central Bank rules regarding “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions,” as amended and supplemented, establish minimum thresholds regarding capital integration: (i) for COn1, the amount resulting from multiplying the capital risk weighted assets (“RWA”) by 4.5%; (ii) for the basic net worth, the amount resulting from multiplying the RWA by 6% and (iii) for the RPC, the amount resulting from multiplying the RWA by 8%. The lack of compliance with any of these limitations is considered an infringement of the minimum capital integration requirements.

Pursuant to Communication “A” 5889, as amended from time to time, RWA shall be calculated as follows:

RWA = RWAc + [(MR+OR) x 12.5]

Where:

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RWA: risk weighted assets

RWAc: credit risk weighted assets MR: minimum capital requirement for market risk OR: minimum capital requirement for operational risk

Economic Capital

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Central Bank rules regarding “Financial Entities Risk Management Guidelines,” as amended and supplemented, requires financial institutions to have an integrated global internal process in place to assess the adequacy of their economic capital based on their risk profile (the “Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process” or “ICAAP”), as well as a strategy aimed at maintaining their regulatory capital. If, as a result of this internal process, it is found that the regulatory capital is insufficient, financial institutions must increase regulatory capital based on their own estimates to meet the regulatory requirement.

The economic capital of financial institutions is the amount of capital required to pay not only unexpected losses arising from exposure to credit, operational and market risks, but also those arising from other risks to which the financial institution may be exposed.

Financial institutions must demonstrate that their internal capital targets are well-funded and adequate in terms of their general risk profile and operations. The ICAAP should take into consideration all material risks to which the institution is exposed. To this end, institutions must define an integral process for the management of credit, operational, market, interest rate, liquidity, securitization, graduation, reputational and strategic risks and use stress tests to assess potential adverse scenarios that may affect their regulatory capital.

The ICAAP must include stress tests supplementing and validating any other quantitative or qualitative approach employed by the institution in order to provide its board of directors and senior management with a deeper understanding of the interaction among the various types of risk under stress conditions. In addition, the ICAAP must consider the short- and long-term capital needs of the institution and ensure the prudent accumulation of excess capital during positive periods of the economic cycle.

The main elements of a strict capital evaluation include:

| (a) | Policies and procedures to guarantee that the entity identifies, quantifies and informs all the important risks.

| (b) | A process which relates economic capital with the current level of risk.

| (c) | A process which sets forth capital sufficiency objectives related to the risk, taking a strategic approach from the entity and its business plan into consideration.

| (d) | An internal process of controls, tests and audits, with the objective to guarantee that the general risk management process is exhaustive.

The required amount of capital of each institution shall be determined based on its risk profile, taking into consideration other external factors such as the effects of the economic cycle and the economic scenario.

The required amount of capital of each institution shall be determined based on its risk profile, taking into consideration other external factors such as the effects of the economic cycle and the economic scenario.

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As part of its review of compliance with Central Bank regulations, including “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions” and “Consolidated Supervision,” the Superintendency assesses the institution’s internal economic capital adequacy process. If the Superintendency finds the ICAAP results unsatisfactory or identifies non-compliance, it may take several actions, including requiring capital levels above the regulatory minimums or adopting or mandating additional measures such as heightened supervisory oversight, restrictions on dividend distributions, and the preparation and implementation of a satisfactory capital restoration plan.

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The Central Bank expects financial entities to operate above the minimum capital requirements. If necessary, the Superintendency may require higher regulatory capital levels based on specific risks not fully addressed by the regulations. The Superintendency may also mandate increased capital for certain risks specific to the institution or the economy.

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​

Capital adequacy for interest rate risk in the investment portfolio (“IRRBB”) must be addressed in the ICAAP, aligned with the institution’s risk profile. The capital requirement should be based on risk measurement methodologies and assumptions, ensuring sufficient capital for both current and future risks.

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Financial institutions must ensure capital adequacy for IRRBB, developing their own methodologies tailored to their risk profile. The impact of IRRBB on economic value and future results must be considered, including potential effects on capital margins due to unforeseen outcomes. Capital adequacy assessments for IRRBB should consider:

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(i)the magnitude and duration of internal limits on IRRBB exposures and whether these limits are reached when calculating capital needs;
(ii)the effectiveness and cost of hedging open positions based on interest rate expectations;
(iii)the sensitivity of internal IRRBB measures to key assumptions in the models;
(iv)the impact of stress scenarios and shocks on positions related to different interest rate indices (basis risk);
(v)the effect on economic value and net interest income from mismatches in different currencies;
(vi)the impact of implied losses (the difference between book value and economic value when resulting in a loss);
(vii)capital distribution among entities within a group, and total capital adequacy on a consolidated basis;
(viii)underlying risk factors; and
(ix)circumstances under which the risk may materialize.

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The capital adequacy results for IRRBB should be included in the ICAAP and translated into capital needs for business lines. Entities in Group “A” must use internal models to quantify economic capital needs based on their risk profile within the ICAAP framework. Entities in Groups “B” or “C” may choose between using internal models or applying a simplified methodology for quantifying economic capital needs, with the decision made by the Board of Director. Those opting for the simplified methodology must adhere to general risk management provisions. Group “B” or “C” entities which have opted for the simplified methodology shall apply the following expression:

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EC = (1.05 x MC) + max [0; U EVE – 15 % x NWb)]

Where:

EC means economic capital based on the risk profile (ICAAP).

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MC means minimum capital requirements as provided in Section 1.1 of the “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions” regulations.

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EVE means measure of risk calculated according to a standardized framework foreseen in section 5.4 of the Central Bank’s “Financial Entities Risk Management Guidelines”

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NWb means basic net worth (tier 1 capital)

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Requirements Applicable to Dividend Distribution

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Dividends are calculated based on the statutory financial statements of the Bank, and prepared under Central Bank rules, which differ in certain aspects from IFRS. The Central Bank has imposed restrictions on the payment of dividends, substantially limiting the ability of financial institutions to distribute such dividends subject to compliance with the rules set forth in the Central Bank regulations on “Results Distributions,” under the criterion that the amount to be distributed cannot affect the institution’s liquidity and solvency, which shall be verified by the satisfaction of certain requirements, on a consolidated basis.

Such regulations provides that the payment of dividends (other than dividends on ordinary shares), the acquisition of treasury shares, the payment on other tier 1 equity instruments (as determined in accordance with the provisions set forth in the rules on “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions”) and/or the payment of financial incentives (bonuses) to personnel – in this case, subject to the public order labor regulations (legal, statutory and contractual) governing the financial institutions’ relationships with their personnel– shall be subject to these rules.

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Institutions may distribute dividends up to the positive amount derived from the off-balance sheet calculation set forth herein, without exceeding the limits set forth in these rules.

To such effect, the registered balances, as of the end of the fiscal year to which they belong, in the account “Unassigned Results” (Resultados no asignados) and in the voluntary reserve for future distributions of dividends shall be computed, deducting the amounts – recorded on the same date – of the legal and statutory reserves – whose creation is mandatory – and the following concepts:

| 1. | 100% of the negative balance of each of the concepts recorded under the line “Other comprehensive retained earnings.”

| 2. | The result derived from the revaluation of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets and investment properties.

| 3. | The net positive difference resulting from the calculation at amortized cost and the fair market value recorded by the financial institution in connection with sovereign bonds and/or currency regulation instruments issued by the Central Bank for such instruments valued at amortized cost.

| 4. | The asset valuation adjustments notified by the Superintendency – whether accepted or not by the institution– that are pending registration and/or those indicated by the external audit that have not been accounted.

| 5. | The individual deductibles – regarding asset valuation – established by the SEFyC, including the adjustments derived from the failure to consider agreed adjustment plans.

| 6. | The resulting lower provisions and higher RPC from the treatment established on point 2 of Central Bank’s Communication “A” 6946 (as amended) for financing MiPyMEs for the payment of salaries.

In addition, financial entities may not distribute earnings out of the incokme derived from the first application of IFRS, and must set up a special reserve which can only be canceled for capitalization or to absorb possible negative balances from the item “Unassigned results.”

The amount to be distributed, which shall not exceed the limits set forth by the Central Bank, shall not compromise the liquidity and solvency of the institution. This requirement shall be considered satisfied once it has been verified that there are no integration defects in the minimum capital position – whether individual and consolidated – as of the end of the fiscal year to which the unappropriated retained earnings pertain or in the last closed position, whichever has the lesser integration excess, recalculating them together (for such purpose only) with the following effects based on the data relevant as of each such date:

| 1. | Those arising after deducting the concepts set forth above in points 1 to 5, if applicable, from the assets.

| 2. | The failure to consider the deductibles established by the SEFyC affecting the requirements, integrations and minimum capital position.

| 3. | The deduction of the amounts relating to the following concepts from the unappropriated retained earnings:

| o | the amount to be distributed and, if applicable, the amount allocated to the creation of the reserve to repay debt instruments, capable of integrating the regulatory capital;

| o | positive balances due to the application of the minimum presumed income tax – net of allowances for impairment – that have not been deducted from the basic shareholders’ equity, in accordance with the provisions set forth in rules on “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions”; and

| o | adjustments made in accordance with points 1 to 5 above.

| 4. | The failure to consider the limit set forth in paragraph 7.2. of the rules on “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions.”

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The distribution of earnings shall only be admitted if none of the following events occurs:

| o | the institution is subject to the provisions of article 34 “Regularization and Recovery” and article 35 bis “Institution’s restructuring for the purpose of safeguarding loans and deposits” of the FIL;

| o | the institution has received financial assistance from the Central Bank under section 17 of its Charter, due to illiquidity;

| o | the institution is delayed or in breach of the reporting regime set forth by the Central Bank;

| o | the institution records minimum capital integration deficits – whether individually or consolidated – (without computing the effects of the individual deductibles established by the SEFyC);

| o | the integration of the average minimum cash – in Pesos, in foreign currency or in sovereign securities – is smaller than the requirement applicable to the last closed position or the projected position, taking into account the effect of the earnings distribution;

| o | the institution has failed to comply with the additional capital margins applicable in accordance with Section 4.

Financial entities must obtain prior authorization from the Central Bank for the distribution of their results. In this authorization process, the Superintendency of the Central Bank will consider, among other factors, the potential effects of the application of international accounting standards according to Communication “A” 6430 (Section 5.5 of IFRS 9 - Impairment of financial assets) and the re-expression of financial statements.

For the determination of distributable results, the increase RPC resulting from the application of Section 11.4 of the “Minimum capital regulations for financial entities” must be deducted from the calculations outlined above. Additionally, deductions must be made for lower provisions and higher RPC resulting from treatments established in point 2 of Communication “A” 6946 (and amendments) – for financing to SMEs intended for salary payments – in point 2 of Communication “A” 7427, in point 3 of Communication “A” 7659, and in Communication “A” 7928 – which postponed until January 1, 2025, with an optional and irrevocable character for financial entities of groups B and C, that are not branches or subsidiaries of foreign banks considered systematically important (“G-SIB”), the application of Section 5.5 of IFRS 9.

Until December 31, 2024, financial entities could distribute up to 60% of the applicable amount in six equal, consecutive monthly installments. This distribution had to be consistent with the disclosures in the ‘Business Plan and Projections and Capital Self-Assessment Report’ under the Information Regime. . Financial entities that chose to distribute results under these provisions could do so in three equal, consecutive monthly installments. Non-resident shareholders had to be given the option to receive their dividends in a single cash installment, provided the funds were applied directly to the primary subscription of BOPREAL bonds under applicable Foreign Exchange Regulations. The BOPREAL Bonds received by non-resident shareholders could not be transferred to foreign depositary entities nor sold with foreign currency settlement either within the country or abroad for a period of 30 and 60 calendar days, respectively, from their primary subscription, with two-thirds and one-third of the subscribed nominal amount subject to these restrictions in each month. Shareholders subscribing had to provide their explicit consent and commitment to this condition upon requesting it. Notwithstanding the above, these BOPREAL bonds had to be freely and fully applied to other transactions, including their use as collateral for financing from financial entities or in the capital markets.

Through Communication “A” 8214 dated March 13, 2025, the Central Bank established that, until December 31, 2025, financial institutions can distribute profits in ten equal, monthly, and consecutive installments (commencing on June 30, 2025, and no earlier than the penultimate business day of the subsequent months), for up to 60% of the amount that would have been due in accordance with said regulations. Such distribution of results must be consistent with the objectives of monetary stability and with the information provided in the Informative Regime, Business Plan and Projections, and Capital Self-Assessment Report.

The calculation of distributable income, along with the verification of liquidity and solvency, and the determination of additional capital margins, must all be conducted in the constant currency as of the date of the meeting at which the dividend distribution was decided. Furthermore, the amounts of the installments, where applicable, should be calculated using the same currency value.

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Unless otherwise indicated, the regulations explained in this section are applied to financial information of the banks calculated in accordance with Central Bank rules. IFRS differs in certain significant respects from Central Bank rules.

Moreover, in accordance with the Foreign Exchange Regulations (as defined below), the access to the Foreign Exchange Market to pay dividends to non-resident shareholders is subject to certain requirements. For more information, see “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls.”

Capital Conservation Buffer

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Central Bank regulations on “Results Distributions” establish that financial entities shall maintain a capital conservation buffer in addition to the minimum capital requirements in order to ensure the accrual of owned resources to cope with eventual losses, reducing the non-compliance risk.

Financial entities considered as domestic systemically important banks (“D-SIBs”) or G-SIBs must have a capital level that permits a greater capacity for loss absorption. This requirement is based on the negative externalities that could arise from the contagion of an insolvency event involving such institutions or their foreign parent entities. Such events would not only impact the financial system but could also have significant repercussions on the broader real economy.

The conservation capital buffer shall be 2.5% of the amount of RWA. In cases of entities considered systemically important, the margin will be increased to 3.5% of the amount of capital risk weighted assets.

These margins can be increased once again, by the counter-cycle buffer. The objective of the countercyclical capital buffer is to ensure that the capital level of financial entities corresponds to the accumulation of systemic risk associated with excessive credit expansion and the broader macro-financial environment. When, in the Central Bank’s judgment, credit growth is deemed excessive, leading to an increase in systemic risk, the Central Bank may require the establishment of the countercyclical capital buffer within a range of 0% to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, with a notice period of up to 12 months. Additionally, the Central Bank may reduce or release the buffer when it determines that the systemic risk has materialized or decreased. The requirement for the countercyclical capital buffer will be satisfied by an increase in the capital conservation buffer.

Financial entities with international activity shall consider the geographic location of their credit exposure with local and foreign residents of the private sector and calculate the counter-cycle buffer as the weighted average of the capital buffer requirements in the jurisdictions where they hold exposures. or the purpose of the weighting, credit exposures include those to the private sector subject to capital requirements for credit risk, including those recorded in the trading book. To determine the applicable jurisdiction for each exposure, financial entities must, when possible, apply the “ultimate risk” principle, identifying the jurisdiction of the risk guarantor rather than the jurisdiction where the obligation has been booked.

The capital conservation buffer and the countercyclical capital buffer must be fully comprised of common equity tier 1 capital (COn1), net of deductions (CDCOn1).

When such margin is used, financial entities are required to restore it through additional capital contributions and/or by reducing the distribution of profits. This can be achieved by limiting dividend distributions, repurchasing shares, reducing payments on other Tier 1 capital instruments, and/or adjusting economic incentives (such as bonuses) to personnel.

The dividend distribution shall be limited whenever the level and composition of the RPC, even when it complies with the minimum capital requirements, is within the range of the capital conservation buffer. This limitation applies solely the dividend distribution, but not the operation of the entity. Entities shall be able to operate normally when levels of COn1 are within the range of conservation buffer, as this does not constitute a breach of the minimum capital requirement. When the COn1 ratio, expressed as a percentage of RWA, falls within the capital conservation buffer range, extended for entities classified as systemically important—the restriction to the results distribution shall be increased whenever the coefficient of COn1 comes close to the minimum required in Section 8.5.1 of regulations over “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions.”

The concepts subject to profit distribution restrictions include dividends, repurchases of own shares, payments on other Tier 1 capital instruments, and/or economic incentives (bonuses) paid to staff.

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The table below indicates the minimum capital conservation ratios applicable for different COn1 levels, including the amounts used to meet the minimum COn1 requirement of 4.5% of RWA and the impact on COn1 of the amounts to be distributed:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Coefficient of Common Equity Tier 1 (COn1) net of deductions | ​ | ​
(CDcon1) – as percentage of RWA - | ​ | ​
Financial Entities – That are not categorized as | ​ | D-SIBs and G-SIBs Financial | ​ | Minimum coefficient of capital conservation – as
D-SIBs or G-SIBs- |  | Entities |  | percentage of dividend distribution -
4.5 – 5.13 | ​ | 4.5 – 5.38 | ​ | 100
> 5.13 – 5.75 |  | > 5.38 – 6.25 |  | 80
> 5.75 – 6.38 |  | >6.25 – 7.13 |  | 60
> 6.38 – 7.0 |  | > 7.13 – 8 |  | 40
> 7 |  | > 8 |  | 0

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As described above, the minimum limits required by the regulations are:

| ● | for COn1, the amount resulting from multiplying the capital RWA by 4.5%;

| ● | for NWb, the amount resulting from multiplying RWA by 6%; and

| ● | for the RPC, the amount resulting from multiplying RWA by 8%.

COn1 must be used in the first place to satisfy the minimum capital requirement of 4.5% of RWA. Subsequently, and in the event the total does not have enough Additional Tier 1 (CAn1) or Tier 2 Capital (PNc), the COn1 shall also be applied to meet requirements of 6% and 8% of Tier 1 Capital and total capital. Only the remaining COn1, if any, can be computed to satisfy the applicable conservation buffer, increased in function of the counter-cycle buffer, if applicable.

Any entity that desires to exceed the dividend distribution limits shall finance this distribution by new contributions of COn1 in the excess amount.

Credit Risk

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For the purposes of applying the provisions of this section, financial entities will be classified into: (i) Group 1, which includes entities designated by the Central as D-SIBs and branches or subsidiaries of foreign banks classified as G-SIBs, and (ii) Group 2, which includes financial institutions not included in item i).

In cases where specific provisions are not established for each of these groups, the same treatment shall be applied to both groups. Financial institutions that undergo a change in their classification, as outlined above, will have a period of 6 months to apply the specific provisions corresponding to their new group.

The minimum capital requirement for credit risk must be calculated applying the following equation:

CRC = (k x 0.08 x RWAc) + INC

Where:

CRC means capital requirement for credit risk.

k means factor linked to the credit rating assigned to the entity based on the evaluation performed by Superintendency in accordance with the following scale:

​ | ​ | ​
CAMELBIG Rating |  | K Factor
1 |  | 1.00
2 |  | 1.03
3 |  | 1.08
4 |  | 1.13
5 |  | 1.19

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For the purposes of the calculation of the capital requirement, the rating will be that of the third month after the month of the most recent rating informed to the entity. For so long as no notice is given, the “k” factor will be equal to 1.03

RWAc: stands for capital risk weighted assets, calculated by applying the following formula:

A * p + PFB * CCF * p + no DvP+ (DVP + RCD + INC (significant holding in other companies)) * 12.50

Where:

“A” refers to eligible assets/exposures;

“PFB” means off-balance sheet items (computable concepts not recorded in the balance sheet);

“CCF” means the credit conversion factor; and

“p” refers to the risk weighting factor, expressed on a per unit basis.

“DvP” refers to failed delivery against payment transactions (for purposes of these rules, failed payment against payment (PvP) transactions are also included). The amount is determined by the addition of the amounts arrived at by multiplying the current positive exposure by the applicable capital requirement.

In addition, “no DvP” refers to transactions that do not involve delivery against payment. The amount is determined by the addition of the amounts arrived at by applying the weighting factor (p) on the relevant transactions.

“RCD” refers to requirements for counterparty risk in OTC transactions.

“INC (significant investments in companies)” means the incremental minimum capital requirements based on any excess over the following limits:

| ● | equity interest held in companies: 15%

| ● | total equity interests held in companies: 60%

The established maximum limits will be applied on the financial entity’s RPC for the last day before the relevant date, as prescribed in the rules on “Credit Risk Fractioning.”

INC means increment for the following excesses: (i) in the ratio of fixed assets and other concepts (Section 4 of the respective Central Bank regulations), excluding those computed for the determination of INC (significant investments in companies); (ii) in the limits established in the regulations on “Financing to the Non-Financial Public Sector”, excluding those computed for the determination of INC (significant investments in companies); (iii) in the limits established in the regulations of “Large Exposures to Credit Risk” – as outlined in the regulations on “Minimum Capital Defaults and Technical Relationships. Applicable Criteria”, excluding those computed for the determination of INC (significant investments in companies); (iv) in the limits for credit grading (Section of the respective Central Bank regulations); and (v) in the limit for derivatives on commodities or raw materials, as outlined in Section 1.2 of the regulations on “Spot and Forward Transactions, Repurchase Agreements, Collateral, Other Derivatives, and Investment Funds”. Excluded items are:

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| (a) | securities granted for the benefit of the Central Bank for direct obligations; |

| (b) | deductible assets pursuant to RPC regulations; and |

| (c) | financings and securities granted by branches or local subsidiaries of foreign financial entities by order and on account of their headquarters of foreign branches or the foreign controlling entity, to the extent: |

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| (i) | the rules of the country where the parent company or controlling entity is located, the latter defined according to the provisions in force in that jurisdiction, must cover the supervision on a consolidated basis of the local branches or subsidiaries, |

| (ii) | the entity must comply with the provisions of Section 3.1. of the rules on “Credit Evaluations”, requiring for such |

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|  | purpose an international risk rating within the “investment grade” category; |

| (iii) | in case of financings, such financing must be provided by the local branches or subsidiaries only with funds from lines of credit assigned to them by the aforementioned foreign intermediaries (if the assistance is granted in a currency other than that of the foreign resources, the local entity may not assume the exchange risk); and |

| (iv) | in case of locally granted guarantees, counter-guarantees must exist, extended by the parent company or its branches in other countries, or by the foreign controlling entity. These counter-guarantees must be enforceable unconditionally upon simple request from the local branch or subsidiary and immediately effective upon potential execution by the beneficiary. |

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The included concepts shall be calculated based on the balances as of the last day of each month (principal, interest, premiums, updates—by the CER—and exchange rate differences, as applicable), net of provisions for credit risk (including, where applicable, provisions recorded in liabilities) and devaluation, as well as accumulated depreciation and amortization attributed to them and other reconciling accounts. 100% of the provision for credit risk corresponding to the portfolio of debtors classified as “in normal situation” (sections 6.5.1 and 7.2.1 of the regulations on “Debtors Classification”) and to financings covered by preferred guarantees “A” shall not be deducted. In addition, the balances as of the end of the quarter will be considered, applying the corresponding provisions set forth in other aspects.

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Financial institutions in Group 1 must conduct due diligence at the time of credit issuance and at least annually thereafter to ensure they have a proper understanding of the risk profile and characteristics of their counterparties. The level of sophistication in the due diligence assessments must be proportional to the size and economic importance of the financial entities, as well as the nature and complexity of their operations. Based on these evaluations, financial entities must demonstrate to the Superintendency that the assigned risk weightings are appropriate for the risk profiles of their counterparties. To this end, Group 1 financial entities must:

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| (a) | Implement appropriate measures to assess the financial and operational performance of each counterparty through credit analysis; |

| (b) | Have regular access to information on their counterparties to complete their analysis; |

| (c) | Conduct exposure analysis for counterparties within consolidated groups—individually where possible. When evaluating the repayment capacity of a counterparty, institutions should consider the support of the economic group and the potential negative impact on the counterparty from issues within the group; |

| (d) | Maintain effective policies, processes, systems, and internal controls; and |

| (e) | Be able to demonstrate to Superintendency that their due diligence analyses are consistent with other required evaluations, such as credit risk provisioning processes and economic capital assessments, and comply with the criteria set forth in supplementary regulations. |

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This requirement does not apply to exposures to governments and central banks.

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The criteria for determining risk-weighted assets is as follows: (i) risk weighting from the table below apply based on the institution’s group. If due diligence results in higher risk weighting, Group 1 financial entities must apply the higher weighting; (ii) risk weighting apply per transaction, with the highest applicable weighting being used if multiple weighting apply; (iii) exposures in foreign currency or without credit risk coverage (such as retail exposures and residential mortgages) will have a risk weight of 150%, or 1.5 times the applicable risk weighting, whichever is higher; (iv) “exposure” includes loans, securities, guarantees, and contingent obligations. Specific provisions apply to exposures to financial entities, companies, retail exposures; (v) exposures to non-financial public sector entities are treated as private sector exposures when applicable; (vi) if any exposure is in default, the entire exposure is subject to default treatment; (vii) foreign currency exposures settled in pesos (U.S. dollar-linked) are treated as peso-denominated exposures; (viii) Central Counterparty (CCP) exposures and credit risk coverage follow special provisions; and (ix) portfolio purchases are treated like credits originated by the institution, subject to conditions.

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Each type of asset is weighted according to the level of risk assumed to be associated with it. In broad terms, the weights assigned to the different types of assets are:

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​ | ​ | ​
Type of Asset |  | Weighting (%)
Availabilities |  | ​
Cash held in treasury, in transit (when the financial institution assumes responsibility and risk for transportation), in ATMs. |  | 0
Checking accounts and in special accounts with the Central Bank and payment orders in charge of the Central Bank. |  | 0
Monetary gold or gold bars of “good delivery” held within the entity or another financial institution – provided they are individualized under on an allocated basis clauses – and as long as the assets are backed by liabilities denominated in these forms |  | 0
Cash items in the process of collection (checks and drafts for collection), cash in armored cars and in custody at financial institutions |  | 20
Exposure to governments and central banks |  | ​
To the Central Bank denominated and funded in Pesos |  | 0
To the National Government and to the provincial and municipal governments and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires in pesos, when their source of funds is in that currency. |  | 0
To the public non-financial sector arising from financing granted to social security beneficiaries or public employees -in both cases with discount code-, to the extent that such transactions are denominated in pesos, the source of funds is in that currency and the installments of all the entity’s financing with a periodic amortization system do not exceed, at the time of the agreements, thirty percent (30%) of the debtor’s income and/or, as the case may be, of the co-debtors. |  | 0
To the non-financial public sector and the Central Bank. Other (3) |  | ​
- AAA to AA- |  | 0
- A+ to A- |  | 20
- BBB+ to BBB- |  | 50
- BB+ to B- |  | 100
- Below B- |  | 150
- Unrated |  | 100
To other sovereign states of their central banks (3) |  | ​
- AAA to AA- |  | 0
- A+ to A- |  | 20
- BBB+ to BBB- |  | 50
- BB+ to B- |  | 100
- Below B- |  | 150
- Unrated |  | 100
To entities of the non-financial public sector of other sovereign states, in accordance with the credit rating assigned to the corresponding sovereign (3) |  | ​
- AAA to AA- |  | 20
- A+ to A- |  | 50
- BBB+ to BBB- |  | 100
- BB+ to B- |  | 100
- Below B- |  | 150
- Unrated |  | 100
To the Bank for International Settlements, the International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank, the European Stability Mechanism, and the European Financial Stability Facility |  | 0
To the non-financial public sector of the provinces, municipalities and/or the City of Buenos Aires arising from the acquisition of sovereign bonds issued in Pesos by the central administration, when they do not have any one of the guarantees described in the regulations on “Financing to Non-Financial Public Sector”, pursuant to the credit rating assigned to the respective jurisdiction (3) |  | ​
- AAA to AA- |  | 20
- A+ to A- |  | 50
- BBB+ to BBB- |  | 100
- BB+ to B- |  | 150
- Below B- |  | 200
- Unrated |  | 200
Exposure to the Multilateral Development Banks (MDB) |  | ​
Exposure to entities that, in the judgment of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, meet the eligibility criteria outlined in international standards. |  | 0
Other |  | 50
Exposure to local financial institutions | ​ | ​
Exposure to financial institutions by financial entities in Group 1 (SCRA) - Grade A (1) | ​ | ​
- Short-term exposures | ​ | 20
- Other. | ​ | 40
Exposure to financial institutions by financial entities in Group 1 (SCRA) - Grade B (1) | ​ | ​
- Short-term exposures | ​ | 50
- Other. |  | 75
Exposure to financial institutions by financial entities in Group 1 (SCRA) - Grade C (1) |  | ​
- Short-term exposures |  | 150
- Other. | ​ | 150
Exposure to financial institutions by financial entities in Group 2. | ​ | ​
- Short-term exposures | ​ | 20
- Other. | ​ | 100
Exposure to companies | ​ | ​
Investment-grade companies | ​ | 65
SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) not meeting the criteria set in Section 2.8.3 of the “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions” rules | ​ | 85
Specialized financing for large infrastructure projects - pre-operational stage | ​ | 130
Others | ​ | 100
Retail exposures | ​ | ​
Regulatory Transactional Retail Exposures | ​ | 45
Regulatory Non-Transactional Retail Exposures | ​ | 75
Non-Regulatory Retail Exposures | ​ | 100
Exposures guaranteed by reciprocal guaranty companies (sociedades de garantía recíproca) or public security funds registered with the registries authorized by the Central Bank | ​ | 50
Mortgage-Backed Exposures - Regulatory Exposures with Mortgage Collateral on Residential Real Estate | ​ | ​
Regarding credit support that does not exceed 55% of the property's value | ​ | 20
On the amount exceeding 55% of the property's value, the Counterparty Risk Weighting will apply (2) | ​ | ​

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Mortgage-Backed Exposures - Exposures with mortgage collateral, regulatory on commercial properties. | ​ | ​
Up to the amount equivalent to 55% of the property value, the risk weighting of 60% or the Counterparty Risk Weighting will apply, whichever is lower. (2) | ​ | ​
For the amount exceeding 55% of the property value, the Counterparty Risk Weighting will apply. (2) | ​ | ​
Exposures with non-standard mortgage collateral. | ​ | 150
Exposures in Default Situations | ​ | ​
Regulatory mortgage-backed exposures on residential real estate. | ​ | 100
Exposures or portions not covered by credit risk mitigants under Section 5 of the regulations on “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions”, other than those covered in the previous item | ​ | ​
- With specific provisions lower than 20% of the outstanding balance. | ​ | 150
- With specific provisions equal to or greater than 20% but lower than 50% of the outstanding balance. | ​ | 100
- With specific provisions equal to or greater than 50% of the outstanding balance. | ​ | 50
Exposures to instruments (non-deductible portion of the RPC). | ​ | ​
Exposures to Instruments by Group 1 Financial Institutions | ​ | ​
Subordinated debt and capital instruments that do not meet the characteristics to be considered as equity shares. | ​ | 50
Equity shares | ​ | 50
Exposures to Instruments by Group 2 Financial Institutions | ​ | ​
Subordinated debt | ​ | 150
Capital participations. | ​ | 250
Spot Transactions Pending Settlement (Non-Failed Transactions) | ​ | 50
Exposures to Natural and Legal Persons Arising from Installment Purchases Made Until November 25, 2021 Using Credit Cards for Overseas Travel Tickets and Other Foreign Tourism Services (Such as Accommodation, Car Rentals, etc.), Whether Directly with the Service Provider or Through Travel Agencies and/or Tourism Platforms. | ​ | 1250
Other Assets and/or Off-Balance-Sheet Items (4) | ​ | 100
Securitization exposures, failed DvP transactions, non DvP transaction, exposures to central counterparty institutions (CCP) and derivative transaction not included in said exposures receive special treatment. | ​ | ​

(1) | The risk weighting for exposures to financial entities cannot be lower than the risk weighting applicable to the jurisdiction where the counterparty is established in the following cases: (i) when the exposure is not denominated in the local currency of the counterparty's jurisdiction; or (ii) when the debt is incurred by a branch or subsidiary of the counterparty abroad, and is not denominated in the local currency of the jurisdiction where it operates. However, the treatment outlined in items (i) and (ii) does not apply to self-liquidating contingent lines for financing foreign trade with an original contractual maturity of up to one year

(2) | The “Counterparty Risk Weighting” shall be the same as that assigned to an exposure without mortgage collateral. Accordingly, a risk weighting of 75% shall apply to exposures to natural persons, 85% to exposures to micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (“MiPyMEs”), and the risk weighting set forth in the table above shall apply to all other exposures.

(3) | Based on ratings from an approved External Credit Assessment Institution (ECAI), such as Standard & Poor’s.

(4) | Off-balance sheet items, including commitments for financing and correspondent lines to foreign entities, guarantees provided, sureties on deferred payment checks, documentary credits and acceptances, rediscounted documents with other financial entities, and other credit agreements, will be converted into credit equivalents using the applicable credit conversion factors (CCF). Subsequently, the risk weighting outlined in the table above will be applied, along with any other relevant provisions.

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Credit Risk Regulation – Large Exposures

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General Overview

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Communication “A” 6599 of the Central Bank, as amended and restated by Communication “A” 6620, effective as of January 1, 2019, abrogated credit risk fractioning regulations (except for the provisions related to the non-financial public sector), and replaced the former regime by regulating “large exposures to credit risk.” The system seeks to limit the maximum loss that a financial entity may suffer upon the occurrence of an unexpected default of a counterparty or group of connected counterparties who do not belong to the non-financial public sector, therefore affecting its solvency. The regulations regarding the exposures to credit risk must be applied at all times with every counterparty of the entity.

In this regard, the regulations have established the concept of group of connected counterparties, which applies to all cases in which one of the counterparties of a financial entity have direct or indirect control over the rest or in those cases in which financial difficulties experimented by one of the counterparties causes a strong likelihood that its subsidiaries may struggle financially as well. According to the regulation, upon the detection of the existence of a group of connected counterparties by the financial entity, such group shall be considered as a single counterparty and the sum of the exposures to credit risk that a financial entity possesses with all the individual counterparties comprehended in that group shall be subject to the information and disclosure requirements provided in section 2.

One of the main aspects of Communication “A” 6620 is the introduction of the concept of large exposure to credit risk in Argentine banking regulations, which is defined as the sum of all values of exposure of a financial entity with a counterparty or group of connected counterparties when it is equal or above 10% of the Tier 1 Capital registered by the financial entity the immediately preceding month of its calculation.

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However, the determination of the values of exposure to risk recognize the following exceptions:

| ● | Intraday interbank exposures;

| ● | Exposures of financial entities with qualifying central counterparties, as defined by the Central Bank rules on “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions”;

| ● | Exposures with the Central Bank; and

| ● | Exposures with the Argentine non-financial public sector.

The balances held by financial entities in sight accounts at foreign banks, which temporarily and incidentally arise exclusively from client foreign exchange transactions, shall not be subject to the limits outlined in the “Large Credit Risk Exposures” regulations, provided the following conditions are met: (i) the foreign exchange transactions arise from the settlement of foreign currency inflows to the country as ordered by third parties through the respective financial entity; and (ii) the balances result from settlement mismatches due to time zone differences between the international markets where the transactions originate and the local market.

Notwithstanding the above, such balances must be reported to the Superintendency Entities under the applicable reporting regime.

Regarding the information regime, the Central Bank has established that the financial entities shall inform the Superintendency of all the values of exposure to credit risk before and after the application of mitigation techniques, detailing:

| ● | Large credit risk exposures, as defined above;

| ● | Every other exposure to risk which value is equal or above 10% of the Tier 1 Capital of the financial entity, without applying credit risk mitigation techniques;

| ● | Excluded exposures to risk which values are equal or above 10% of the financial entity’s Tier 1 Capital; and

| ● | The financial entity’s 20 largest applicable exposures to risk, regardless of its value in relation with the financial entity’s Tier 1 Capital.

Limits

On the one hand, Communication “A” 6620 sets at 15% the limit of exposure with a counterpart of the non-financial private sector. Nevertheless, the limit will be increased by 10 percentage points for the part of the exposures that are covered by preferred collaterals.

Specific criteria for exposures to and/or guaranteed by reciprocal guarantee companies (“SGRs”), public guarantee funds (“FGPs”), and financial entities are as follows: The exposure limit is set at 25%, even when the SGR is linked to the financial entity. This limit is increased by 25 percentage points if the lending financial entity belongs to Groups B or C, provided that the exposures to the SGR (even if linked) or to the FGP do not exceed the basic margin set forth in Section 3.1.1 of the “Credit Rating” regulations.

Additionally, it sets special limits for operating with financial institutions in Argentina and abroad (the general rule sets it at 25%). This limit will be increased by 75 percentage points when the lending financial entity is a second-tier commercial bank and belongs to Groups B or C. The aforementioned limits will not apply when any of the conditions set out in the following paragraph are met.

When both the lending and borrowing financial entities are rated 4 or 5 by SEFyC, the limit will be 0%. In cases where the borrower is a foreign bank, the limit is 5% if the foreign bank does not hold an international credit rating in the “investment grade” category or fails to meet the other requirements stipulated in Section 3.1 of the “Credit Ratings” regulations.

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Linked counterparties to the financial institution through control or personal relationships: The limits set forth in the regulations will apply solely on an individual basis. In cases where the linked counterparty is not subject to consolidation with the lending financial institution, these limits must also be observed in relation to the consolidated Tier 1 capital.

The global exposure limits outlined in the regulations are as follows:

| ● | For linked counterparties, the total value of risk exposure concerning the entire set of linked counterparties, excluding those subject to individual limits exceeding 10%, must not exceed 20%.

| ● | Regarding equities and other receivables, the total value of risk exposure in relation to equities not allocated to the trading portfolio, as specified in Section 6.1.2.1 of the “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Entities,” must not exceed 15%. Exposures to equity holdings in public utility companies, where holding such shares is necessary to receive services, as well as in companies providing complementary financial services, are excluded from this limit.

| ● | The total exposure limit, including equities in both investment and trading portfolios, as well as credit exposures from term operations (whether related to repos or not) carried out in authorized domestic markets and institutionalized foreign markets—along with any settlement mismatches where there is no central counterparty and the counterparty cannot be identified—must not exceed 50%.

| ● | Concentration risk limits specify that exposures to linked or non-linked counterparties that represent 10% or more of the entity’s Tier 1 capital will be considered computable exposures. The sum of these computable exposures must not exceed three times the entity's Tier 1 capital, excluding exposures to local financial entities. For the total of all exposures, this sum must not exceed five times the entity’s Tier 1 capital, with the preceding limit still applicable. However, for second-tier commercial banks that are lenders, this limit is increased to ten times the Tier 1 capital.

Financial entities are prohibited from directly or indirectly extending new financial assistance to linked counterparties in the following cases:

| ● | If the counterparties have at least one classification other than “in normal situation,” according to the most recent information available from the “Central de Deudores del Sistema Financiero.”

| ● | If the entity has outstanding debt arising from financial assistance provided by the Central Bank.

Non-compliance with the limits should be exceptional, must be immediately reported to the Superintendency, and must be rectified promptly. In a stress scenario, the Superintendency may waive non-compliance with the interbank limit, once they have occurred, to help ensure the stability of the financial system.

Minimum controls to exposures of affiliates

The regulations set forth three stages for the control of the financial entity’s affiliates exposure:

1)Reports for the entity’s management:

| ● | Report by the CEO;

| ● | Report by the supervisory committee; and

| ● | Acknowledgment of the reports by the entity’s management.

| 2) | Evidence of the affiliation to the financial entity: the personnel responsible for the analysis and resolution of the credit operations shall expressly register whether or not the client is affiliated with the financial entity.

| 3) | Affidavit evidencing affiliation: affiliated clients shall file an affidavit stating if they belong to the lending entity or if its relationship with such entity implies the existence of a controlling influence. The submission of affidavits by clients

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regarding their linked status does not relieve the institution from its responsibility to determine this status based on its own analysis.

Interest Rate Risk

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Until January 1, 2013, financial entities had to comply with minimum capital requirements regarding interest rate risk. These requirements were intended to capture the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to changes in the interest rates. Communication “A” 5369 removed all rules and regulations regarding minimum capital requirements for interest rate risk. Notwithstanding this change, financial entities must continue to calculate the interest rate risk and remain subject to the Superintendency’s supervision. Communication “A” 6534, dated July 3, 2018 established that the interest rare risk shall be measured through the calculation of the Investment Portfolio Interest Rate (RTICI).

Market Risk

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Overall capital requirements in relation to market risk are based on the sum of the five amounts of capital necessary to cover the risks arising from each category of assets. Market risk is defined as the possibility of incurring losses in on- and off-balance sheet recorded positions as a result of adverse changes in market prices. The market risk minimum capital requirement is the arithmetic sum of the minimum capital requirement for interest rate (trading portfolio), stock (trading portfolio), exchange rate, commodities and options risks (trading portfolio). To meet this capital requirement, entities must apply a “Standard Measurement Method” based on an aggregate of components that separately capture the specific and general market risks for securities positions.

General considerations. Risks subject to this minimum capital requirement include risks derived from positions in instruments – such as securities and derivatives – recorded as part of the trading portfolio, and risks from foreign currency and commodities positions recorded, indistinctly, as part of the investment or trading portfolio.

The minimum capital requirement for exchange rate risk will apply to the total position in each foreign currency. The minimum capital requirement for securities will be computed in respect of the instruments accounted for as part of the trading portfolio, which must be valued prudently (marked to market or marked to model). Instruments whose yield is determined in relation to CER must be considered fixed-rate securities. Whether recorded as part of the trading or of the investment portfolio, items to be deducted for purposes of calculating the RPC will be excluded from the calculation of the market risk minimum capital requirement.

Regardless of whether they are recorded in the trading or investment portfolio, items that must be deducted for the purpose of calculating the RPC will be excluded from the calculation of the capital requirement for market risk.

For the purpose of the above accounting recording, the trading portfolio of financial entities consists of positions in financial instruments incorporated into the entity’s equity for the purpose of trading them or hedging other items within the same book. A financial instrument may be allocated to the trading portfolio – for the purposes of capital requirements for market risk – if its trading is unrestricted or if full coverage of the instrument is achievable. Additionally, the portfolio must be actively managed, with positions valued daily and with adequate accuracy.

Positions held for trading purposes are those acquired for the purpose of short-term sale or with the intent to profit from short-term price fluctuations, whether actual or anticipated, or through price arbitrage. These positions include both those held by the entities for their own account and those acquired as a result of providing services to clients or market-making activities.

Financial entities must calculate the capital requirement for counterparty credit risk for derivative transactions—whether over-the-counter (OTC) or traded on regulated markets—and securities financing transactions (SFTs), such as repurchase agreements (repo), recorded in the trading portfolio separately and in addition to the capital requirements for general market risk and specific risk of the underlying assets. To this effect, the methods and weights applicable when such transactions are recorded in the investment portfolio must be applied. Entities must have clearly defined policies and procedures in place, designed to determine the exposures that are to be included into or excluded from the trading portfolio in order to calculate their minimum capital requirement for market risk.

Minimum capital requirement for interest rate risk. The minimum capital requirement for interest rate risk must be calculated in respect of any debt securities and other instruments accounted for as part of the trading portfolio, including any non-convertible preferred shares. This capital requirement is calculated by adding two separately calculated requirements: first, the specific risk involved

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in each instrument, either a short or a long position, and second, the general market risk related to the effect of interest rate changes on the portfolio. A set off of the long and short positions held in different instruments will be allowed.

Minimum capital requirement for positions in stock. The capital requirement for the risk of holding equity positions in the trading portfolio applies to both long and short positions in ordinary shares, convertible debt securities that function like shares and any call or put options for shares, as well as any other instrument with a market behavior similar to that of shares, excluding non-convertible preferred shares, which are subject to the minimum capital requirement for interest rate described in the preceding paragraph. Long and short positions in the same security may be computed on a net basis.

Minimum capital requirement for exchange rate risk. The capital requirement for exchange rate risk establishes the minimum capital required to hedge the risk involved in maintaining positions in foreign currency, including gold. To calculate the capital requirement for exchange rate risk, entities must first quantify its exposure in each currency, and then estimate the risks inherent in the combination of long and short positions in different currencies.

Minimum capital requirement for commodities risk. The capital requirement for commodities risk establishes the minimum capital required to hedge the risk involved in maintaining positions in commodities (precious metals, except for gold). For the purposes of these regulations, a commodity is defined as any physical product that is traded or negotiable on a secondary market. To calculate the capital requirements, each position in a commodity (spot and forward) must be expressed in terms of the corresponding standard unit of measurement (barrels, kilograms, grams, etc.), and following the rules set forth in the regulations on “Large Exposure to Credit Risk”.

Minimum capital requirement for positions in options. Entities that only purchase options — provided that the market value of the total options in the portfolio does not exceed 5% of their previous month's RPC — or whose positions in sold options are fully covered by positions in purchased options with exactly the same contractual terms, may use the simplified method outlined in the regulations on “Large Exposure to Credit Risk”. In all other cases, they must use the delta-plus method, provided for in said regulation.

Consequences of a Failure to Meet Minimum Capital Requirements

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In the event of non-compliance with capital requirements by an existing financial institution, Central Bank Communication “A” 6091, as amended, provides the following:

| (i) | non-compliance reported by the institutions: the institution must comply with the requirements no later than the second month following the month in which the non-compliance is recorded, or submit a remediation and regularization plan within 30 calendar days following the last day of the month in which the non-compliance occurred. In addition, non-compliance with minimum capital requirements will entail a number of consequences for the financial institution, including: (1) the Superintendency may appoint an observer with powers established under the FIL; (2) The Superintendency impose restrictions on: (a) transformation of financial entities; (b) establishment of branches abroad; (c) establishment of representative offices abroad, unless this is in replacement of a previously operational branch that is being closed contemporaneously in the same country; (d) Participation in foreign financial entities; and (3) the distribution of cash dividends, as well as the payment of fees, shares, or bonuses arising from the distribution of the entity's results, will be prohibited. This limitation will remain in effect until the remediation and regularization plans are either submitted or, if submitted, have been observed or found non-compliant by Superintendency.

| (ii) | Non-compliance detected by the Superintendency: the institution may challenge the non-compliance determination within thirty (30) calendar days after being served notice by the Superintendency. If no challenge is made, or if the defense is dismissed, the non-compliance determination will be deemed to be final and the procedure described in the previous item will apply.

Furthermore, pursuant to the rules regarding to “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions”, in the event of a daily capital deficiency with respect to market risk capital requirements, excluding the last day of the month, arising from the calculation of requirements for interest rate, exchange rate, or equity risks, the financial institution must restore the capital and/or reduce its financial asset positions until compliance with the required standard is achieved. The institution will have a period of ten business days, starting from the first deficiency, to rectify the situation.

If the deficiency persists for more than ten business days, the entity must submit a regularization and remediation plan within the next five business days, subject to the consequences described below. In cases where deficiencies are determined by Superintendency

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and persist according to the most recent available information, the entity will have five business days to present an explanation, and Superintendency will respond within ten business days. For the regularization of the non-compliance as described in the previous paragraph, the institution must adhere to the ten-day deadline, starting from the date the deficiency is finalized. If the deficiency is not rectified within this period, the entity must submit a regularization and remediation plan within the next five business days, subject to the consequences described below.

Operational Risk

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The regulation on Operational Risk (“OR”) recognizes the management of OR as a comprehensive practice separated from that of other risks, given its importance. OR is defined as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. The definition includes legal risk but excludes strategic and reputational risk.

Financial institutions must establish a system for the management of OR that includes policies, processes, procedures and the structure for their adequate management. This framework must also allow the financial entity to evaluate capital sufficiency.

Seven OR event types are defined, according to internationally accepted criteria:

| ● | internal fraud;

| ● | external fraud;

| ● | employment practices and workplace safety;

| ● | clients, products and business practices;

| ● | damage to physical assets;

| ● | business disruption and system failures; and

| ● | execution, delivery and process management.

Financial entities are charged with implementing an efficient OR management system following the Central Bank’s “Guidelines for Risk Management in Financial Institutions”. A solid system for risk management must have a clear assignment of responsibilities within the organization of financial entities. Thus, the regulation describes the roles prepared by each level of the organization in managing of OR (such as the roles of the Board of Directors, senior management and the business units of the financial institution).

A financial institution’s size and sophistication, and the nature and complexity of its products and processes, and the extent of the transaction determines the type of “OR Unit” required. For small institutions, this unit may even consist of a single person. This unit may functionally respond to the senior management (or similar) or a functional level with risk management decision capacity that reports to that senior management.

An effective risk management will contribute to prevent future losses derived from operational events. Consequently, financial entities must manage the OR inherent in their products, activities, processes and systems. The OR management process comprises:

| (a) | Identification and assessment: the identification process should consider both internal and external factors that could adversely affect the development of the processes and projections created according to the business strategies defined by the financial institution. Financial entities should use internal data, establishing a process to register frequency, severity, categories and other relevant aspects of the OR loss events. This should be complemented with other tools, such as self-risk assessments, risk mapping and key risk indicators.

| (b) | Monitoring: an effective monitoring process is necessary for quickly detecting and correcting deficiencies in the policies, processes and procedures for managing OR. In addition to monitoring operational loss events, banks should identify forward-looking indicators that enable them to act upon these risks appropriately.

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| (c) | Control and mitigation: financial entities must have an appropriate control system for ensuring compliance with a documented set of internal policies, which involve periodic reviews (to occur at least annually) of control strategies and risk mitigation, and adjust these as necessary.

Before the end of February 2025, the Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions regarding OR were subject to a specific regulatory framework. Effective as of March 1, 2025, a new set of regulations came into force, replacing the previous regime. The following section outlines the key aspects of each framework.

For the purposes of the provisions in this section, financial entities will be classified into Group 1 and Group 2. Institutions that are reclassified according to the criteria set forth will have a six-month period to apply the specific requirements for their new group.

The capital requirement for OR for institutions in Group 1 will be determined on a monthly basis, using the following formula:

CRO = BIC x ILM

Where:

| • | CRO means OR capital requirement.

| • | BIC means Business indicator component, which is the product of the business indicator (BI) and a series of marginal coefficients (αi).

The BI is an approximation of operational risk based on financial statement information. It will be determined by the following formula:

BI = VA (ILDCProm + SCProm + FCProm + RMProm)

| o | ILDCProm: Interest, leasing, and dividend component. It will be determined by the following formula: Min. [VA (interest income – interest expenses); 5% × interest-bearing assets] + dividend income

| o | SCProm: Service component. It will be determined by the following formula: Max. [other operational income; other operational expenses] + Max. [fee and commission income; fee and commission expenses]

| o | FCProm: Financial component. It will be determined by the following formula: VA (net result of trading portfolio) + VA (net result of investment portfolio)

| o | RMProm: Total monetary result VA: Absolute value.

Each term within the 3 components and the monetary result must be calculated as the average of the values of the last 3 consecutive 12-month periods prior to the month in which the calculation is made, expressed in homogeneous currency at the close of the 36-month calculation period: t, t-1, and t-2. First, the net values corresponding to each 12-month period (e.g., interest income minus interest expenses) must be determined, then the average of the 3 periods must be calculated.

The Business Indicator (BI) consists of several components:

(i) | Interest, Leases, and Dividends (ILDC) include income and expenses from interest and adjustments on financial assets and liabilities, such as loans, deposits, financial leases, and derivatives. It also covers income from dividends for investments in non-consolidated subsidiaries and associates.

(ii) | Services (SC) include income and expenses from services like advisory fees, asset management, and commissions, as well as other operational income and expenses from routine banking activities not captured elsewhere.

(iii) | Financial (FC) includes net results from trading portfolios and investment portfolios, covering assets held for trading or investment, realized gains and losses, and hedging accounting.

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Certain items, such as administrative costs, insurance operations, and depreciation, are excluded from BI calculations.

At the consolidated level, the BI is calculated based on the consolidated values of income and expenses for the entire banking group. Subconsolidated calculations should be performed using the BI figures of the entities consolidated at each specific sublevel. At the individual level, the BI figures of each subsidiary must be used.

Financial institutions may request the Superintendency’s approval to exclude discontinued operations from the BI, with the exclusion applied immediately upon approval. For business combinations, the BI calculation must include the financial data of acquired businesses from the date of acquisition, reflecting the last three consecutive 12-month periods.

The BIC is determined by the following expression: BIC = ∑ BIi x αi

Where the marginal coefficients (αi) are determined based on the BI range.

Category |  | BI Range (in billion euros*) |  | Marginal Coefficients (αi)
1 | ​ | ≤ 1 | ​ | 12%
2 | ​ | 1 < BI ≤ 30 | ​ | 15%
3 | ​ | > 30 | ​ | 18%

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The marginal coefficients increase as the size of the Business Indicator (BI) grows. For entities in Category 1 (BI equal to or less than the equivalent of €1 billion in local currency), the Business Indicator Component (BIC) equals BI multiplied by 12%. The marginal increase in BIC resulting from an increase of one unit of BI is 12% in Category 1, 15% in Category 2, and 18% in Category 3.

| ● | ILM: Internal loss multiplier equal to 1. |

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RWA for OR are equal to 12.5 times the CRO

​

The capital requirement for OR for institutions in Group 2 will be determined on a monthly basis, using the following formula:

​

​

Where:

| • | “Cro”: the capital requirement for OR.

| • | “α”: 15%.

| • | “n”: the number of 12-month consecutive terms with positive IB, based on the 36 months preceding the month of calculation. The maximum value of n is 3. No overlapping months are allowed when forming the periods.

When n equals zero (n=0), the entity must comply with a requirement equivalent to the limit set in Section 7.3 of regulations on “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions”. In such cases, financial entities in group A will receive the same treatment as entities in group B.

| • | “IBt”: Gross income for a 12-month consecutive period—provided it is positive—corresponding to the last 36 months prior to the month in which the calculation is made, expressed in the currency of the month preceding the calculation. Gross income is defined as the sum of: (i) financial income and income from services, minus financial expenses and service costs, (ii) other income minus other expenses, and (iii) total monetary results.

The following items, included under i) and ii), shall be excluded as applicable:

| o | Charges related to the creation of provisions, reversal of provisions established in prior periods, and recoveries of previously written-off credits in the current period;

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| o | Results from investments in financial entities and companies, to the extent they relate to items deductible from computable equity;

| o | Gains from the sale of assets classified and measured at amortized cost or fair value with changes in Other Comprehensive Income.

The requirement established through the application of the expression outlined in above shall not exceed 17% for entities in Group “B” and 14% for entities in Group “C,” based on the average of the last 36 months prior to the month of the requirement determination. These maximum limits will be reduced to 11% and 8%, respectively, if the financial entity holds a rating of 1, 2, or 3, as granted by SEFyC following the latest inspection, considering the overall entity, its IT systems, and the effectiveness of its internal control systems. If the entity is rated 1 or 2 in all the mentioned areas, the limit will be further reduced to 7% for Group “B” entities and 5% for Group “C” entities. For this purpose, the last reported rating will be used to determine the requirement for the third month following notification.

This limit applies unless the financial entity is a branch or subsidiary of a foreign bank classified as systemically important (G-SIB). In such cases, the operational risk requirement will be computed at 100% as outlined for financial entities of Group 1.

Minimum Cash Reserve Requirements

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The minimum cash reserve requirement requires that a financial institution keeps a portion of its deposits or obligations readily available and not allocated to lending transactions and it is included in the Central Bank “Rules of Minimum Cash,” as amended and supplemented.

Minimum cash requirements are applicable to demand and time deposits and other liabilities arising from financial intermediation denominated in Pesos, foreign currency, or government and corporate securities, and any unused balances of advances in checking accounts under agreements not containing any clauses that permit the bank to discretionally and unilaterally revoke the possibility of using such balances.

Minimum cash reserve obligations exclude (i) amounts owed to the Central Bank, (ii) amounts owed to local financial entities, (iii) amounts owed to foreign banks (including their head offices, entities controlling domestic institutions and their branches) in connection with foreign trade financing facilities, and with multilateral development banks, (iv) cash purchases pending settlement and forward purchases, (v) cash sales pending settlement and forward sales (whether or not related to repurchase agreements), (vi) overseas correspondent banking operations, (vii) demand obligations for money orders and transfers from abroad pending settlement to the extent that they do not exceed a three business day term as from their deposit; and (viii) demand obligations with business for the sales made by debt, prepaid, credit card and / or for the purchase.

The liabilities subject to these requirements are computed on the basis of the effective principal amount of the transactions, including differences in rates (either negative or positive), excluding interest accrued, past due, or to become due on the aforementioned liabilities, provided they were not credited to the account of, or made available to, third parties, and, in the case of fixed -term deposit of UVA and UVIs (as defined below), the accrued amount resulting from the increment of the value of such unit.

The basis on which the minimum cash reserve requirement is computed is the average of the daily balances of the liabilities:

| ● | recorded at the end of each day during the period prior to that of its integration, when the requirement is in Pesos, except for deposits in Pesos in accounts of payment service providers that offer payment accounts (“PSPCP”) in which their clients’ funds are deposited. |

| ● | recorded at the end of each day during each calendar month, for demands in foreign currency, securities and deposits in Pesos in accounts of PSPCP in which their clients’ funds are deposited.

The averages shall be obtained by dividing the aggregate of the daily balances into the total amount of the days of each period. Those days in which no movements are registered shall repeat the balance corresponding to the immediately preceding Business Day.

Such requirement shall be complied with on a separate basis for each currency and/or security and/or instrument under monetary regulation in which the liabilities are denominated.

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For term deposits in national government securities or Central Bank monetary regulation instruments, the requirement is determined in the same asset type, based on market value. National securities in pesos with dual-currency yield are treated like peso-denominated securities. The requirement remains even if these securities are no longer regularly quoted in significant amounts.

For term deposits in other securities, the requirement is based on market value, in:

●Pesos or national government securities in pesos, when the asset is in pesos; or
●U.S. dollars or national government securities in dollars, when the asset is in foreign currency.

For foreign currency transfers exceeding the maximum term of 3 business days, the requirement is allocated to the respective currency. If historical data is unavailable (e.g., for new entities), current period data must be used for calculations.

The table below shows the percentage rates that should be applied to determine the required minimum cash reserve requirement for financial institutions, depending on whether:

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| (i) | the financial entities are included in Group “A,” as provided by Section 4 of the regulations on “Authorities of financial entities” (Autoridades de entidades financieras), and/or branches or subsidiaries of foreign banks are classified as systemically important (G-SIB) not included in that group; or

| (ii) | the remaining financial entities.

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Section 4 of the regulations on “Authorities of financial entities” of the Central Bank classifies the financial entities in:

​

(a)Group “A” which includes those entities in which the amount of their assets is greater than or equal to 1% of the total of the assets of the financial system (for the purposes of calculating this indicator, the average of the assets corresponding to the months of July, August and September of the previous year will be considered, according to the data that arise from the corresponding information regime) (the “Group “A” Entities”);

​

(b)Group “B” which includes those entities in which the amount of their assets do not exceed 1% and greater than or equal to 0.25% of the total of the total of the assets of the financial system (the “Group “B” Entities”); and

​

(c)Group “C” which includes those institutions whose deposits do no exceed 0.25% of the total of the assets of the financial system (the “Group “C” Entities”). The Bank is classified as a Group “A” Entity, while IUDÚ is classified as a Group “B” Entity.

​

The indicator will be calculated individually, except for controlling financial entities subject to consolidated supervision, in which case it will be computed on a monthly consolidated basis.

Entities in Group A whose indicator falls between 1% (exclusive) and 0.50% (inclusive) will remain in Group A for the following calendar year, and will only be moved to Group B if, for the subsequent year, the indicator remains below 1%. If the indicator falls between 0.50% (exclusive) and 0.25% (inclusive), the entity will be moved directly to Group B for the following year. If the indicator is below 0.25%, the entity will be moved directly to Group C.

Entities in Group B whose indicator falls between 1% (inclusive) and 1.5% (inclusive) will remain in Group B for the following year, and will only be moved to Group A if, for the subsequent year, the indicator is 1% or higher. If the indicator exceeds 1.5%, the entity will be moved directly to Group A. If the indicator falls below 0.25%, the entity will remain in Group B and will only be moved to Group C if the indicator stays below 0.25% for the following year.

​

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Entities in Group C whose indicator falls between 0.25% (inclusive) and 0.5% (inclusive) will remain in Group C for the following year, and will only be moved to Group B if, for the subsequent year, the indicator remains above 0.25%. If the indicator exceeds 0.5%, the entity will be moved directly to Group B. If the indicator exceeds 1.5%, the entity will be moved directly to Group A for the following year.

The following fees arise from Communication “A” 8124, as amended:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Rate %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Group A and G-SIB | ​ | Remaining Financial Institutions
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Foreign | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Item |  | ​ |  | Pesos |  | Currency |  | Pesos |  | Foreign Currency
1- |  | Checking account deposits and demand deposits opened at credit cooperatives |  | 45 |  | ​ |  | 20 |  | ​
2- |  | Savings account, salary/social security accounts, special accounts (except for deposits included on items 7, 10 and 15 of this table), and other demand deposits and liabilities, pension and social security benefits credited by ANSES pending collection and immobilized reserve funds for liabilities covered by these regulations |  | 45 |  | 25 |  | 20 |  | 25
3- |  | Unused balances of advances in checking accounts under executed overdraft agreements |  | 45 |  | ​ |  | 20 |  |
4- |  | Deposits in checking accounts of non-bank financial institutions, computed for purposes of meeting their required minimum cash reserve |  | 100 |  | ​ |  | 100 |  |
5- |  | Time deposits, liabilities under “acceptances” (including responsibilities for sale or transfer of credits to agents different from financial institutions), passive repos and passive market repos, fixed-term investments with the option of early cancellation or renewal for a specified period (with variable remuneration), and other fixed-term liabilities, except deposits included in items 7, 9 and 11 of this table, as well as debt securities (including negotiable obligations), classified according to their residual maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
​ |  | (i) Up to 29 days |  | 25 |  | 23 |  | 11 |  | 23
​ |  | (ii) From 30 days to 59 days |  | 14 |  | 17 |  | 7 |  | 17
​ |  | (iii) From 60 days to 89 days |  | 4 |  | 11 |  | 2 |  | 11
​ |  | (iv) From 90 days to 179 days |  | — |  | 5 |  | — |  | 5
​ |  | (v) From 180 days to 365 days |  | — |  | 2 |  | — |  | 2
​ |  | (vi) More than 365 days |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —

​

​

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​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ |  | Rate %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Group A and G-SIB | ​ | Remaining Financial Institutions
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Foreign | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Item |  | ​ |  | Pesos |  | Currency |  | Pesos |  | Foreign Currency
6- | ​ | Obligations arising from foreign financial lines. Does not include those formalized through: A) The acquisition of debt securities: they are subject to the requirement set forth in item 5 of this table. B) Fixed-term deposits made by non-resident entities abroad linked to the institution pursuant to Section 1.2.2 of the regulations on “Large Exposures to Credit Risk,” classified according to their residual maturity, which correspond to: |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |  |
​ | ​ | (i) Up to 29 days |  | ​ |  | 23 |  |  |  | 23
​ | ​ | (ii) From 30 days to 59 days |  | ​ |  | 17 |  |  |  | 17
​ | ​ | (iii) From 60 days to 89 days |  | ​ |  | 11 |  |  |  | 11
​ | ​ | (iv) From 90 days to 179 days |  | ​ |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5
​ | ​ | (v) From 180 days to 365 days |  | ​ |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2
​ | ​ | (vi) More than 365 days |  | ​ |  | — |  |  |  | —
7- | ​ | Demand and time deposits made upon a court order with funds arising from cases pending before the court, and the related immobilized balances |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​
​ | ​ | (i) Up to 29 days |  | 22 |  | 15 |  | 10 |  | 15
​ | ​ | (ii) From 30 days to 59 days |  | 14 |  | 15 |  | 7 |  | 15
​ | ​ | (iii) From 60 days to 89 days |  | 4 |  | 15 |  | 2 |  | 15
​ | ​ | (iv) More than 90 days |  | — |  | 15 |  | — |  | 15
8- | ​ | Fixed-term investments formalized through non-transferable registered certificates in pesos, held by public sector entities that have the right to exercise an early cancellation option within less than 30 days from their issuance |  | 25 |  | ​ |  | 11 |  | ​
9- | ​ | Fixed-term deposits and investments in UVA and UVI— including savings accounts and debt securities (including negotiable obligations) in UVA and UVI— classified according to their residual maturity |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |
​ | ​ | (i) Up to 29 days | ​ | 7 |  | ​ |  | 7 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | (ii) From 30 days to 59 days | ​ | 5 |  | ​ |  | 5 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | (iii) From 60 days to 89 days | ​ | 3 |  | ​ |  | 3 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | (iv) More than 90 days | ​ | — |  | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​
10- | ​ | Labor Work Fund for Construction Industry Workers, denominated in UVA |  | 7 |  |  |  | 7 |  |
11- | ​ | Deposits and fixed term investments created in the name of minors for funds they receive freely |  | — |  | ​ |  | — |  |
12- | ​ | Deposits in Pesos in demand accounts that constitute the assets of mutual funds (money market). |  | 20 |  | ​ |  | 20 |  | ​
13- | ​ | Passive stock market collateral in pesos, based on its residual maturity |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |
​ | ​ | (i) Up to 29 days | ​ | 20 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 20 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | (ii) 30 days or more | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 15 | ​ | ​
14- | ​ | Deposits in Pesos in accounts of payment service providers that offer payment accounts (PSPCP) in which the funds of their clients are deposited | ​ | 100 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 100 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Deposits in special accounts: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
15.1- | ​ | In Pesos (“Special accounts for holders with agricultural activity” and “Special accounts for exporters”). |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
15.2- | ​ | In U.S. dollars (“Special accounts to credit export financing”). | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —

​

The Central Bank established through Communication “A” 8189 the following requirements and minimum cash integration for term investments in Argentine pesos with early redemption options that constitute the assets of money market mutual funds (FCI money market) raised as of January 31, 2025:

​

(i) |  | Until the day before the investor may exercise the early redemption option: these will be treated as term deposits (item 5 of the table above and item 1.3.17.2. of the regulations on “Minimum Cash Requirements”). |

​

(ii) |  | After that, they will be treated as demand deposits for FCI money market (item 1.3.12. of the table above). |

​

Financial entities may meet the requirement in pesos, both for the period and on a daily basis, with “National Treasury Bonds in pesos, maturing May 23, 2027,” “National Treasury Bonds in pesos, maturing November 23, 2027,” “National Treasury Bonds in pesos,

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maturing August 23, 2025,” and with the national government securities in pesos specified in the following paragraph, up to the following limits:

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| a) | 5 percentage points of the rates specified in item 8 and in sections i) and ii) of items 5 and 7 of the table above, as applicable. |

| b) | 2 percentage points of the rates specified in section iii) of items 5 and 7 of the table above, as applicable. |

| c) | 45 percentage points of the rate specified in item 14 of the table above. |

| d) | Entities in Group A and branches or subsidiaries of G-SIBs not included in that group: 5 percentage points of the rates specified in items 1 to 3 of the table above, as applicable. |

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Financial entities may meet the minimum cash requirement in pesos, both for the period and on a daily basis, with Central Bank Liquidity Bills (“LELIQ”), Central Bank Notes (“NOBAC”), and national government bonds in pesos, including those adjusted by CER and with dual-currency returns (BONO DUAL), excluding those linked to the evolution of the U.S. dollar and Liquidity Fiscal Bills (“LeFi”) – with the following residual maturities (at the time of subscription):

​

| a) | Not less than 180 days or more than 450 days, subscribed from 06/01/21; |

| b) | Not less than 120 days or more than 450 days, subscribed from 11/01/21; |

| c) | Not less than 90 days or more than 450 days, subscribed from 07/13/22; |

| d) | Not less than 90 days or more than 630 days, subscribed from 09/27/22; |

| e) | Not less than 90 days or more than 730 days, subscribed from 03/09/23; |

| f) | Not less than 90 days or more than 760 days, subscribed from 05/29/23; |

| g) | Not more than 760 days, subscribed from 12/20/23. |

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These may be counted until maturity, provided they are still part of the integration. The integration may also include national government securities, such as those mentioned above, with primary subscription, if they have a residual maturity between 300 and 730 days at the time of subscription and are received in exchange operations mandated by the Federal Government.

​

For bonds like “National Treasury Bonds in pesos, maturing May 23, 2027,” “National Treasury Bonds in pesos, maturing November 23, 2027,” “National Treasury Bonds in pesos, maturing August 23, 2025,” and other national government securities in pesos, LELIQ, and NOBAC, they must be valued at market prices, irrespective of their accounting valuation method, and deposited in Subaccount 60 (Minimum Cash) within the Central Register and Settlement System for Public Debt, Monetary Regulation, and Financial Trusts (CRYL).

​

Additionally, LELIQ used to meet collateral requirements for net debtor balances in peso transactions in electronic clearing houses may be used for up to 50% of the required guarantees for each product.

​

The average minimum cash requirement in pesos will be reduced as explained below:

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| 1. | Compliance with the Minimum MiPyME Quota and Specific Financing. As from July 1, 2024, financial entities included in the list in Annex II of Communication “A” 7859 (which included Banco Macro) must have met the Minimum MiPyME Quota for the previous quarter in order to apply this reduction each subsequent quarter. |

​

The cash reserve requirement will be reduced based on the proportion of financing provided to MiPyMEs in pesos, relative to the total financing to the private non-financial sector in pesos. The MiPyME classification will be based on the criteria outlined in the

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regulations on “Determining the Status of Micro, Small, or Medium-Sized Enterprises”, with the classification being valid at the time of the loan issuance, as per the following table:

​

​ | ​ | ​
Participation, in the total of financing operations | ​ | Reductions (over
to MiPyMES with respect of total of financing | ​ | the total of
operations to the non-financial private sector, in | ​ | the concepts included
the institution |  | in Pesos) %
Less than 4 |  | 0.00
From 4 to less than 6 |  | 1.00
From 6 to less than 8 |  | 1.25
From 8 to less than 10 |  | 1.50
From 10 to less than 12 |  | 1.75
From 12 to less than 14 |  | 2.00
From 14 to less than 16 |  | 2.25
From 16 to less than 18 |  | 2.50
From 18 to less than 20 |  | 2.75
From 20 to less than 22 |  | 3.00
From 22 to less than 24 |  | 3.25
From 24 to less than 26 |  | 3.50
26 or more than 26 |  | 3.75

​

MiPyME financing includes purchases of Electronic Credit Invoices and holdings in funds under the “Special Regime for MiPyME Mutual Funds.” The percentage of MiPyME financing will be based on whether the financing meets the MiPyME condition at the time of granting. If the borrower no longer qualifies, only financing up to that point is considered.

The 12-month moving average of MiPyME financing in pesos will be compared to total financing granted to the non-financial private sector by the entity.

| 2. | Depending on the cash withdrawals made through institution ATMs. The minimum reserve requirement will be reduced based on the amount calculated through the following expression, without exceeding the previously determined requirement, as outlined in the previous point. |

​

​

​

​

Where:

​

| ● | Msi: Monthly average of total daily cash withdrawals from ATMs located at the entity's operating branches, for the previous month, according to the jurisdiction of the entity, as defined in the Regulation on “Branch Categorization for Financial Institutions”. |

| ● | Mni: Monthly average of total daily cash withdrawals from ATMs located outside the entity's operating branches (neutral locations), for the previous month, according to the same jurisdictional categorization. |

| ● | Psi: Weight factor applicable to the amount Msi. |

| ● | Pni: Weight factor applicable to the amount Mni. |

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Applicable weight factors based on the categories in which the ATMs are located
i | Psi | Pni
1 (category III) | 4.25 | 7.05
2 (categories IV, V, and VI) | 7.50 | 14.80

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For this purpose, the included ATMs are those that – at least – allow users to make cash withdrawals regardless of the institution in which they are customers and the network managing such equipment and that –on a monthly average, computing business and non-business days – have remained accessible to the public for at least ten hours a day.

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When there is an excessive concentration of liabilities (in terms of holders and/or maturities) that presents a significant liquidity risk for the financial institution and/or has a major negative impact on systemic liquidity, additional minimum reserve requirements may be imposed on the institution’s liabilities and/or other complementary measures deemed necessary.

This situation will be considered to occur when, among other factors, any of the following conditions are met:

| ● | A high percentage of liabilities is concentrated with a single holder or a group of holders.

| ● | For term liabilities, the maturity is short.

| ● | These liabilities represent a significant percentage of the required minimum reserve integration and/or the total private sector deposits held by the institution. Likewise, the minimum cash requirement may be increased due to non-compliance with the rules on the “Credit Line for productive investment”.

In addition to the abovementioned requirements, the reserve for any defect in the application of resources in foreign currency net of the balances of cash in the entities, in custody in other entities, in transit and in Transporters of Securities, for a certain month, shall be applied to an amount equal to the minimum cash requirement of the corresponding currency for each month. Exclusions apply to those arising from exchange operations ordered by the Federal Government, and consequently, they cannot be offset with foreign currency purchases. Deposits in “Special Accounts for Export Financing” cannot be applied to cash in the entities, in custody with other financial entities, in transit, or in securities.

The minimum cash reserve must be set up in the same currency or securities or debt instruments for monetary regulation to which the requirement applies, and may include the following:

| (1) | Accounts maintained by financial institutions with the Central Bank in Pesos.

| (2) | Accounts of minimum cash maintained by financial institutions with the Central Bank in U.S. dollars, or other foreign currency.

| (3) | Special guarantee accounts for the benefit of electronic clearing houses and to cover settlement of credit card, vouchers, and ATM transactions and immediate transfer funds.

| (4) | Checking accounts maintained by non-bank financial institutions with commercial banks for the purpose of meeting the minimum reserve requirement.

| (5) | Special accounts maintained with the Central Bank for transactions involving social security payments by the ANSES.

| (6) | Minimum cash sub-account 60, authorized in the Registration and Settlement Central for Public Debt and Financial Trusts – CRYL (“Central de Registro y Liquidación de Pasivos Públicos y Fideicomisos Financieros – CRYL”) for public securities and securities issued by the Central Bank at their market value.

These eligible items are subject to review by the Central Bank and may be changed in the future.

Compliance with the minimum cash reserve requirement will be measured on the basis of the monthly average of the daily balances of eligible items maintained during the period to which the minimum cash reserve refers by dividing the aggregate of such balances by the total number of days in the relevant period. The compensation of deficit positions with surplus positions corresponding to different requirements will not be accepted.

The aggregate balances of the eligible items referred to above, maintained as of each daily closing, may not, on any one day during the period, be less than 25% of the total required cash reserve, determined for the next preceding period, recalculated on the basis of the requirements and items in force in the month to which the cash reserves relate, without considering the effects of the application of the provisions of section “1.7 Transfers” of the “Minimum Cash” rules. The daily minimum required is 50% when a deficit to the admitted transfer margin occurs in the previous period.

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Any deficiencies in meeting the required minimum cash reserve and the daily minimum reserve in Pesos, in foreign currency, or securities or debt instruments for monetary regulation are subject to a penalty in Pesos, equal to 1.5 times the rate of the monetary policy published on the last business day of the relevant period or, if not available, the last one available.

As previously mentioned, financial entities included in the list of Annex II of Communication “A” 7859, including us, as from April 1st, 2024, in order to comply with this quota, they must maintain a quarterly average of daily balances (April-June; July-September; October- December and January-March of the following year) of covered financing that is at least equivalent to 7.5% of the deposits of the non-financial private sector in pesos of the entity calculated based on the monthly average of daily balances of the penultimate previous month.

In the case of entities classified in Groups B and C, the minimum percentage to be applied will be 25% of the previously established amount. In addition, in order to comply with the Minimum SMEs Quota, at least 30% of the quota must be used to finance investment projects. Entities complying with this Minimum SMEs Quota may compute the reduction of the minimum cash requirement in pesos described above during the following quarter.

Pursuant to Section 8 “net position in LELIQ and NOTALIQ” of the Central Bank rules “Cash settled and forward transactions, futures, bonds, surety bonds, other derivatives and mutual funds” financial entities may maintain a net position in short term LELIQ (including those effectively allocated to integrate the minimum cash requirement as stipulated above) up to an amount equivalent to the average daily balance of time deposits in Pesos of the previous reporting period.

Financial institutions that have a percentage of time deposits in Pesos in relation to the total deposits in Pesos -measured as a monthly average of daily balances of the previous period, considering only capital without interest or adjustments- equal to or higher than 20%, may maintain a joint positive net position of longer term LELIQ and variable rate Liquidity Notes (NOTALIQ).

Since the current administration took office, the Central Bank ceased to issue Leliq and Notaliq instruments. The remaining balances of Leliqs and Notaliqs matured in January 2024 and March 2024, respectively.

Liquidity Coverage Ratio

​

Financial institutions classified as Group “A” shall be required to comply with Central Bank regulations on “Liquidity Coverage Ratios”. For the purposes of said provisions, institutions classified as Group “A” will be considered as “internationally active banks.”

Under regulations on “Liquidity Coverage Ratios,” financial entities must maintain an adequate stock of high-quality liquid assets (“HQLA”), which are “free of restrictions.” This stock should consist of cash or assets that can be immediately converted into cash—monetized—with minimal or no loss of market value. The HQLA must be sufficient to meet the institution's liquidity needs for a 30-day period under a stress scenario, that includes both idiosyncratic and systemic risk factors that could lead to:

| (i) | Partial loss of retail deposits;

| (ii) | Partial loss of unsecured wholesale funding capacity;

| (iii) | Partial loss of secured funding;

| (iv) | Additional fund outflows due to contractually anticipated situations, including the establishment and replenishment of margin calls resulting from a significant deterioration in the financial institution's credit quality;

| (v) | Increases in market volatility affecting the quality of collateral or potential future exposures from derivative positions, requiring higher or additional collateral, or leading to other liquidity needs;

| (vi) | Unexpected use of committed but unused credit and liquidity facilities granted by the financial institution to its clients; and

| (vii) | The need for the financial institution to repurchase debt or fulfill extracontractual obligations to mitigate reputational risk.

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The HQLA can only be made up of the following portfolio assets (considered as Tier 1 (An1)) at the day of the calculation of the LCR: cash in hand, in transit, in armored transportation companies and ATMs; deposits with the Central Bank; certain national public bonds in Pesos or in foreign currency; securities issued or guaranteed by the International Payments Bank, the IMF, the European Central Bank, the European Union or Multilateral Development Banks that comply with certain conditions and debt securities issued by other sovereign entities (or their central banks), as prescribed in the relevant regulations.

The stock must enable the institution, at a minimum, to cover liquidity issues until the thirtieth day of such period.

Financial institutions must anticipate potential cash flow mismatches during the specified period and ensure sufficient HQLA are available to cover them. They must also actively manage liquidity risk and financing needs across branches and subsidiaries, considering legal and operational constraints on liquidity transfer. Moreover, institutions must conduct stress tests to determine liquidity levels above the regulatory minimum, considering scenarios that extend beyond the 30-day period.

In the absence of a financial stress scenario, the LCR must, at all times, be greater than or equal to 1. This means that the stock of HQLA must not be less than the total net cash outflows. During financial stress periods, financial entities may use their HQLA fund, allowing the LCR to fall below 1. However, they must still comply with the requirements set forth in Section 1.6.2 of the regulations on “Liquidity Coverage Ratios.” The Superintendency will assess the situation and adjust its actions based on the specific circumstances.

The LCR must be greater than or equal to 1, as follows:

LCR = FALAC / SENT

Where:

| ● | FALAC: Represents the value of the stock of HQLA in a stress scenario.

| ● | SENT: Refers to the total net cash outflows anticipated over a 30-day period in a stress scenario.

The LCR must be observed and reported in the national currency, including all foreign currency items expressed in pesos. However, financial entities must ensure liquidity coverage in each significant currency in which they operate, whenever liabilities and other obligations in that currency represent at least 5% of the total liabilities and obligations of the institution. Additionally, the composition of the HQLA by currency should be aligned with the financial institution's operational needs.

Financial institutions must ensure that, except for the situation outlined in the following paragraph, the value of the LCR is never below 1. To achieve this, they must calculate it regularly and report it monthly, along with their liquidity profile, to the Superintendency. In stress scenarios, the Superintendency may require more frequent reports.

Pursuant to Section 1.6.2 of the regulations on “Liquidity Coverage Ratios”, in case the LCR falls or is expected to fall below 1, the financial institution must immediately inform the Superintendency and provide an assessment of their liquidity position, the factors contributing to the decrease, and the measures they have or will take, along with their expectations on how long the situation may last. The Superintendency will evaluate each situation and may require institutions to take actions to reduce liquidity risk exposure, strengthen their overall liquidity risk management framework, or improve their contingency funding plan. A drop below 1 does not necessarily trigger the application of article 41 of the FIL.

Moreover, the Superintendency may require corrective actions if they detect a negative trend from the tools used to monitor liquidity, such as mismatches in contractual terms, funding concentration, availability of unencumbered assets, significant currency LCR, or other market-related monitoring tools.

In addition to the LCR, there are other parameters that are used as systematic tools of control. These policies contain specific information regarding cash flows, balance structure and available underlying assets free of charge. These parameters, along with the LCR, offer basic information to evaluate the liquidity risk. The included parameters are:

| ● | gaps in contractual terms;

| ● | funding concentration;

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| ● | available assets free of restrictions;

| ● | LCR for relevant currency; and

| ● | market-related monitoring tools.

Financial institutions must adopt management and control policies that ensure the maintenance of reasonable liquidity levels to efficiently manage their deposits and other financial commitments. Such policies should establish procedures for evaluating the liquidity of the institutions in the framework of prevailing market conditions to allow them to revise projections, take steps to eliminate liquidity constraints and obtain sufficient funds, at market terms, to maintain a reasonable level of assets over the long term. Such policies should also address (i) the concentration of assets and liabilities in specific customers, (ii) the overall economic and market situation, likely trends and the impact on credit availability, and (iii) the ability to obtain funds by selling government debt securities and/or own assets, among others.

The organizational structure of the entity must place a specific unit or person in charge of managing liquidity and assign levels of responsibility to the individuals who will be responsible for managing the LCR, which will require daily monitoring. The participation and coordination of the entity’s top management authority (e.g., CEO) will be necessary.

In addition, financial institutions must designate a director or advisor who will receive reports at least weekly, or more frequently if circumstances so require, such as when changes in liquidity conditions require new courses of action to safeguard the entity. In the case of branches of foreign financial institutions the reports must be delivered to the highest authority in Argentina.

Appointed officers and managers will be responsible for managing the liquidity policy that, in addition to monitoring the LCR, includes taking the necessary steps to comply with minimum cash requirements.

Financial institutions must report the list of such officers and directors, as well as any subsequent changes, to the Superintendency within ten (10) calendar days from the date of any such change.

Net Stable Funding Ratio

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Financial institutions that belong to Group “A” must comply with these provisions. For the purposes of these regulations, the term “financial sector” includes financial entities, foreign exchange entities, insurance companies, agents regulated by the CNV – or an equivalent foreign authority – and trustees of non-financial trusts.

The purpose of the net stable funding ratio (“NSFR”) is to allow financial institutions to finance their activities with sufficiently stable sources to mitigate the risk of future stress situations derived from their funding requirements. By requiring financial institutions to maintain a stable funding profile relative to the breakdown of their off-balance sheetassets and transactions, the NSFR limits the strong dependence on short term wholesale funding, promotes a better assessment of balance sheet and off-balance sheet items funding risk, and favors funding sources stability. The definitions of the components of the NSFR are similar to those set forth in the “Liquidity Coverage Ratio” regulations, unless otherwise expressly set forth herein.

The NSFR is defined as the ratio between the available stable funding amount and the required stable funding amount:

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Where:

| ● | MDFE (Available Stable Funding Amount) is the portion of the capital and liabilities of the financial institution that is expected to remain available over a one-year period.

| ● | MRFE (Required Stable Funding Amount) is the amount of funding required during this period based on the liquidity and remaining maturity of the institution's assets and off-balance sheet commitments.

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The available and required stable funding amounts, as determined by these provisions, are calibrated to reflect the expected stability of the institution's liabilities and the liquidity expected from its assets over a one-year period.

The NSFR shall be at all times greater than or equal to 1 (NSFR > 1). It shall be supplemented with the assessment made by the Superintendency. The Superintendency may demand the institution to adopt stricter standards to reflect its funding risk profile, also taking into account the assessment made in connection with the “Risk Management Guidelines for Financial Institutions” in connection with the institution’s liquidity.

The Financial Institutions shall observe the NSFR all times and report it on a quarterly basis to the Superintendency.

Leverage Ratio

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Pursuant to Communication “A” 6431, effective as of March 1, 2018, the Central Bank incorporated a ratio to limit the leverage of financial institutions in order to avoid the adverse consequences of an abrupt reduction in leverage in the supply of credit and the economy in general, and reinforce the minimum capital requirement with a minimum capital requirement simple and not based on risk.

The leverage ratio, which must be greater than or equal to 3%, arises from the following expression:

Ratio (as %) = Capital measure / Exposure measure

Where

| ● | Capital measure: The capital to be considered will be the basic equity (PNb) –Tier 1 capital, as defined in the regulations on “Minimum Capital Requirements for Financial Institutions”.

| ● | Exposure measure: Will be the sum of (i) the exposures in the asset (excluding the items corresponding to derivatives and Securities Financing Transactions (SFT)), ( ii) exposures by derivatives; (iii) exposures for SFT transactions and (iv) off-balance-sheet items.

Both measures must be calculated based on the closing balances of each quarter.

Interest rate and fee regulations

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Since 2020, maximum interest rates applicable to the lending transactions were restated. Compensatory interest rates will be freely agreed upon between financial entities and clients, taking into account, where applicable, the provisions established under specific regulatory regimes.

The compensatory interest rate for credit card-linked financing must not exceed 25% above the average interest rate that the financial institution applied during the immediate previous month, weighted by the corresponding amount of unsecured personal loans granted in the same period. Loans established under programs and/or social assistance measures, which additionally have an interest rate not exceeding the rate published by the Central Bank for deposits of more than one million pesos for terms between 30 to 35 days, from the third month prior, may be excluded from the base to be averaged. This rate is determined based on the type of financial institution (public or private), increased in accordance with the minimum cash requirement.

Regulations set forth that the fixed-rate loan agreements shall not contain clauses that allow their modification under certain circumstances, unless those modifications come from decisions taken by the competent authority and the variable-rate loan contracts must clearly specify the parameters that will be used for its determination and periodicity of variation.

With respect to transactions linked to credit cards, in addition to the above mentioned, Article 16 of the Credit Card Law No. 25,065 establishes that the limit on compensatory or financial interest that the issuer applies to the cardholder shall not exceed 25% more than the rate the issuer applies to personal loan transactions in local currency for clients. In case of non-bank issuers, the limit on compensatory or financial interest applied to the cardholder shall not exceed 25% more than the average system rates for personal loan transactions published from the 1st to the 5th of each month by the Central Bank.

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In the past, regulations established a minimum deposit rate for time deposits. Currently, the remuneration for time deposits at fixed rates will be freely agreed upon. The base remuneration for variable interest rate deposits will be equivalent to:

| ● | The interest rate derived from one of the surveys conducted and published daily by the Central Bank, such as BADLAR and TAMAR.

| ● | For deposits in U.S. dollars, British pounds, Japanese yen, Swiss francs, or euros, the applicable rate will be one of the following: Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), Sterling Overnight Index Average (SONIA), Tokyo Overnight Average Rate (TONAR), Swiss Average Rate Overnight (SARON), or Euro Short-Term Rate (ESTER).

| ● | The higher of either the rate mentioned in sections i) and ii), plus any additional remuneration that may be agreed upon, or the fixed rate freely negotiated.

To determine the rate, each institution may consider the average of the daily rates specified within the period from 2 to 5 banking days immediately prior to the start of each computation subperiod. The minimum duration for this period is 30 days, and this option will remain fixed for the entire duration of the deposit. Once the rate is determined, it must remain unchanged for a period no shorter than 30 days. The amount of points that the deposit-taking institutions freely agree upon with depositors, which must remain unchanged for the entire term of the deposit agreement.

Central Bank regulations on the “Protection of Financial Services Users” grant broad protection to customers, including, among other things, the regulation of fees and commissions charged by financial entities for services provided. All commissions, fees, costs, expenses, insurance, and/or any other charges—excluding the interest rate—that the obligated parties receive or intend to receive from users of financial services must derive from a real, direct, and demonstrable cost, and be duly justified from both a technical and economic standpoint.

Commissions and fees should only apply to services that have been requested, agreed upon, or authorized by the user. Commissions relate to services provided by the obligated parties and may include compensation beyond the service cost, while fees relate to third-party services and can only be passed on at cost.The amount of fees charged to users cannot exceed the amount received by third-party providers in similar conditions. In credit operations, commissions can be applied to unused allocated funds. Early repayment of financing may result in commissions, but no commissions will apply if one-quarter of the original term or 180 days have passed since the financing was granted, whichever is greater.

The charging of users for concepts that do not meet the conditions set out above or that result from a service whose commission or fee is already included in other charges by the financial service provider is not allowed. Commissions or fees cannot be applied to users for financial services that were not requested, agreed upon, or authorized by them. Even if such services were requested, agreed upon, or authorized, and the provider communicated them to the user, fees cannot be charged if the service was not actually provided.

There are specific cases where commissions or fees cannot be applied. First, in-person transactions carried out by individual users at a branch are exempt, including cash deposits and withdrawals in pesos, as well as the receipt of checks for deposit at branches other than the one where the account is held. This applies regardless of commissions related to check collection or services that require in-person handling, such as check certification and international transfers. Second, cash deposits in pesos into accounts held by individuals or MiPyMEs are exempt, in accordance with the rules on determining the status of such enterprises. Third, no charges can be applied for the contracting or management of insurance policies. Fourth, generating and sending account statements, including virtual statements, must be included in the account maintenance fee and cannot be charged separately. Fifth, no separate charges can be applied for the evaluation, granting, or administration of financing. In addition, charges for appraisals, notary services, or public registry fees associated with granting or canceling financing, such as for the establishment of pledges or mortgages, are not admissible.

Also, fees and charges are not applicable for immediate electronic transfers when: (i) they are ordered by final customers of financial services; (ii) the same individual or entity is the one ordering and receiving the transfer; (iii) they are ordered or received in accounts for judicial use, among others.

Regulations on the “National Payment System - Payment Services” establish that interchange fees applied by financial entities on the amount of each transaction made with debit, credit, and charge cards they issue must not exceed the following percentages.

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Maximum interchange fee for debit card transactions |  | Maximum interchange fee for credit/charge card transactions
0.60% | ​ | 1.30%

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For the purposes of applying the aforementioned limits, any other mechanism of remuneration or compensation to the issuers, established by acquirers, brand holders, and/or any other intermediaries in payment operations or related activities, that has an object or effect equivalent to that of the interchange fee, is considered part of the interchange fee.

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Financial institutions and PSPs (Payment Service Providers) that offer interoperable digital wallet services from which the customer initiates the payment, but have not issued the credit card used, will be entitled to charge the issuer a commission of up to 0.07% of the transaction amount for each transaction.

Maximum term for payments to merchants and providers

By virtue of Communication “A” 6680, effective as of May 1, 2019, the Central Bank established a maximum term of ten business days for financial entities to deposit payments to merchants and suppliers for sales made via credit cards or purchase cards, calculated from the sale date. Furthermore, financial entities shall not charge any fee or interest related to such payment term, nor block this payment mechanism in any way. Financial institutions may not charge merchants any interest or commission related to the specified settlement period. They must also not impede or hinder in any way the use of a single-payment transaction with those cards.

Nevertheless, by virtue of Communication “A” 6680, the Central Bank excluded from the scope of its provisions the credit and/or purchase cards issued to individuals or legal entities that are intended for the payment of purchases with a deferred term or more than one month related to their productive activity, i.e. agricultural o distribution activities.

On the other hand, regulations on the “National Payment System - Payment Services” establish the maximum period for financial entities to credit the amount of each sale made in a single payment (using the credit and/or purchase cards issued by them) to the deposit account opened in the name of the supplier or affiliated merchant, as follows:

(i) |  | 5 business days when: (a) the activity is “service stations and vending outlets,” and (b) the merchant qualifies as a micro or small business and/or is a natural person. |

(ii) |  | 8 business days when the merchant qualifies as a micro or small business and/or is a natural person. |

(iii) |  | 10 business days for those classified as medium-sized businesses or those in the “accommodation, tourism, gastronomy, or health” sectors (not included in the previous category). |

(iv) |  | 18 business days for all other cases. |

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In all cases, such term shall be counted from the date of the corresponding consumption by the card holder or beneficiary. The financial entities will not be able to charge to the adhered merchants any interest or commission linked to the settlement terms indicated, having to observe the provisions of the rules on “Determination of the condition of micro, small or medium-sized company.” Nor shall they impede or hinder in any way the modality of consumption in a payment with these cards. Pursuant to regulations on the “National Payment System - Payment Services” currently in effect, and as of the date of this annual report, these deadlines remain in effect.

Loans and Housing Units

The Central Bank has adopted measures for taking deposits and extending loans expressed in a special measuring unit adjustable by the CER. These special units are referred to as Adjustable Purchase Value Units (Unidades de Valor Adquisitivo Actualizables, or “UVAs”).

In addition, Law No. 27,271 provides for the adjustment of deposits and loans by reference to the construction index, expressed in a special measuring unit referred to as Housing Units (Unidades de Vivienda or “UVI”)

Consequently, UVAs and UVIs coexist and may be used both with respect to bank loans and deposits.

The initial value of the UVI was Ps.14.05 (the same as the UVA), representing the cost of construction of one thousandth square meter of housing as of March 31, 2016. As of April 15, 2025, the value of UVI and UVA are Ps. 1,099.44 and Ps. 1,414.27, respectively.

Both units are amended based on the indices published by the INDEC and the Central Bank on their websites.

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Foreign Exchange System

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On September 1, 2019, with the purpose of strengthening the normal functioning of the economy, the Argentine government reinstated exchange controls. The new controls apply to access to the foreign exchange market by residents for savings and investment purposes abroad, the payment of external financial debts abroad, the payment of dividends in foreign currency abroad, payments of imports of goods and services, and the obligation to repatriate and settle for Pesos the proceeds from exports of goods and services, among others.

For further information on this topic, please refer to “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls.”

Foreign Currency Lending Capacity

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Regulations on “Credit Policy” applicable to the Application of the Loan Capacity of Foreign Currency Deposits establish that the lending capacity from foreign currency deposits must be applied, in the corresponding deposit currency, indiscriminately to the following destinations:

| (a) | pre-financing and financing of exports to be made directly or through principals, trustees or other brokers, acting on behalf of the owner of the merchandise;

| (b) | other financing of exports which have a flow of future income in foreign currency and verify, in the year prior to granting the financing, a billing in foreign currency for an amount that is reasonably related to that financing;

| (c) | financing to producers, processors or goods collectors, provided that:

| (i) | they have sale contracts for the sale of their goods to an exporter, with a fixed price or fixed in foreign currency -independently of the currency in which the operation is settled- and in the case of fungible goods with quotation, in foreign currency, normal and customary in local or foreign markets, with wide diffusion and easy access to public knowledge;

| (ii) | their main activity is the production, processing and / or collection of fungible goods with quotation, in foreign currency, normal and usual in foreign markets, widely disseminated and easy access to public knowledge, and it is found, in the year prior to the granting of financing, a total billing of these goods for an amount that is reasonably related to that activity and its financing; and also operations aimed to finance service providers directly used in exporting process of goods (such as those provided at port terminals, international loading and unloading services, leasing containers or port warehouses, international freights ). This, provided it is verified that the flow of future income linked to sales to exporters registers a periodicity and magnitude that it is enough for the cancellation of the financing and it is verified, in the year prior to the granting of the financing, a billing to exporters for an amount that is reasonably related to that activity and its financing.

| (d) | financing for manufacturers of goods to be exported, as final products or as part of other goods, by third-party purchasers, provided that they have full foreign currency guarantees or endorsements from such third parties and/or firm sales contracts in foreign currency and/or in exportable goods;

| (e) | financing of suppliers of goods and/or services that are part of the production process of fungibles goods with quotation, in foreign currency, normal and usual in local or foreign markets, widely disseminated and easy access to public knowledge, provided they have firm sales contracts for those goods and/or services in foreign currency and/or on said goods;

| (f) | financing of investment projects, working capital and/or acquisition of all kinds of goods, including temporary imports of inputs, which increases or are linked to the production of exporting products. Even if exporters' revenues do not come entirely from foreign sales, financing may be allocated as long as the repayment is sufficiently covered by the foreign currency inflows from their exports. Transactions in which financing is granted through the entity's participation in “syndicated loans,” whether with local or foreign entities, are included;

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| (g) | financing for commercial and commercial portfolio clients of credits for consumption or housing -according to the provisions established in the rules on “Debtor Classification”, whose destination is the importation of capital goods (“BK” in accordance with the Mercosur’s Common Nomenclature established in Annex I to Decree No. 690/02 and other complementary provisions), which increase the production of merchandise destined for the domestic market;

| (h) | foreign currency debt securities or financial trust participation certificates including other payment rights specifically recognized on trust agreements whose underlying assets are loans made by the financial entities in the manners set forth in (a) to (d) above and first sentence of (f), or documents in which cash flows in Pesos or foreign currency have been assigned to the trustee, in foreign currency credit agreements, under the terms and conditions set forth in items mentioned before;

| (i) | financings for purposes other than those mentioned in (a) to (d) and (f) above, included under the IDB credit program (“Préstamos BID N° 119/OC-AR”), not exceeding 10% of the lending capacity;

| (j) | inter-financing loans;

| (k) | Central Bank bills (Letras y Notas) denominated in dollars;

| (l) | direct investments abroad by companies that reside in Argentina, which seek the development of productive activities of non-financial goods and/or services, either through contributions and/or purchases of shares in companies, to the extent that they are constituted in countries or territories considered cooperators for the purposes of fiscal transparency according to the provisions of Section 1 of Decree No. 589/13 as amended;

| (m) | financing of investment projects, including working capital, that allow the increase of production in the energy sector and have firm sales contracts and/or endorsements or guarantees in foreign currency.

| (n) | national treasury bills in foreign currency, up to an amount equivalent to one third of the total of the applications made in accordance with the provisions of this section;

| (o) | financing of investment projects for bovine cattle, including their working capital, without exceeding 5% of deposits in foreign currency of the entity;

| (p) | financing of foreign importers for the acquisition of goods and / or services produced in the country, either directly or through credit lines to foreign banks; and

| (q) | Financing of local residents that are secured by letters of credit (“stand-by letters of credit”) issued by foreign banks or multilateral development banks that comply with the provisions of point 3.1. of regulations on “Credit assessments,” requiring for that purpose an international rating of investment grade risk, to the extent that such letters of credit are unrestricted and that the accreditation of the funds is made immediately at the simple request of the beneficiary entity.

The application of the lending capacity of foreign currency deposits to import-related operations (as provided in items (e), (f), and the portion attributable to these under items (g) and (h)) may not exceed the value determined by the following formula:

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Ct x max (Fbase / Cbase ; 0.05)

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Where:

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| • | Ct: Lending capacity for the relevant month. |

| • | Fbase: Financing of eligible imports corresponding to the August–October 2008 quarter. |

| • | Cbase: Lending capacity corresponding to the August–October 2008 quarter. |

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Financing granted to debtors classified as “unrecoverable” and fully provisioned cannot be allocated to the lending capacity of foreign currency deposits.

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The lending capacity shall be determined for each foreign currency captured, and is calculated as the sum of deposits and interbank loans received, provided that the lending financial institution has reported them as derived from its foreign currency deposit

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lending capacity, net of the minimum cash requirement on deposits. The computation of assets and liabilities is based on the monthly average of daily balances (principal and interest) recorded in each calendar month.

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Financing is accounted for net of provisions for uncollectible risks, depreciation, and, where applicable, the “portfolio acquisition difference.”

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Net shortfalls in application, after deducting cash balances held by financial entities, those held in custody by other institutions, in transit, and in Cash Transport Companies (“TV”), up to the amount of such shortfall, will be subject to an equivalent increase in the minimum cash requirement in the respective foreign currency.

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Shortfalls resulting from exchange transactions mandated by the Federal Government cannot be offset by foreign currency purchases. Additionally, deposits in “Special Accounts for Crediting Export Financing” cannot be applied to cash balances in financial entities, custody in other banks, in transit, or in TV.

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Regarding foreign currency lending capacity, on February 20, 2025, the Argentine Central Bank issued Communication “A” 8202 which eliminated the provisions of point 1.4. of the “Credit Policy” rules and, as a consequence, certain limitations applicable to loans granted by financial institutions while applying foreign currency resources obtained from their liabilities for financial intermediation are no longer in force.

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Foreign Currency Net Global Position

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The foreign currency net global position (the “FCNGP”) shall consider all assets, liabilities, commitments and other instruments and transactions through financial intermediation in foreign currency or linked to exchange rate movements, including cash, forward transactions and other derivative contracts, deposits in foreign currency in accounts opened with the Central Bank, gold position, the Central Bank monetary regulation instruments in foreign currency, subordinated debt in foreign currency and debt instruments in foreign currency.

Forward transactions under master agreements executed in local markets authorized by the CNV paid by settlement of the net amount without delivery of the underlying asset are also included. Likewise, certificates or notes issued by financial trusts and claims under common trusts are also included in the relevant proportion, provided that the underlying assets are denominated in foreign currency. The net position amount of transactions involving commodities will be included in the FCNGP. For this purpose, all opposing positions must be netted, regardless of whether they involve different products, maturities, or whether there is a legal possibility of contractual offsetting between them.

The value of the position in currencies other than U.S. dollars shall be expressed in that currency, at the respective exchange rate published by the Central Bank.

Decreases in foreign currency assets, due to the pre-cancellation of local financing to private sector customers, can only offset the FCNGP up to the original term of maturity, accompanied by the net increase in holdings of National Treasury securities in foreign currency.

The secondary market sales of negotiable obligations in foreign currency acquired through primary subscription as from June 9, 2023 will not be subject to the offsetting established in the previous paragraph if the sales occur after 300 calendar days from the primary subscription date.

At the original maturity of local financing in foreign currency, offsetting may occur with the purchase of any foreign currency assets eligible for inclusion in the FCNGP.

When determining a bank’s FCNGP, the following concepts shall be excluded from the calculation:

(i) | deductible assets to determine the Banks’s RPC,

(ii) | the included concepts that the financial entity registers in its branches abroad,

(iii) | Federal government securities in pesos with dual-currency returns,

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(iv) | the balances corresponding to the “Special accounts for holders with agricultural activity” and the “Special accounts for exporters”,

(v) | the non-transferable domestic bills of the Central Bank of the Argentine Republic in Pesos settleable at the Reference Exchange Rate Communication “A” 3500 (“LEDIV”) at zero rate (LEDIVs were rendered ineffective through Communication “A” 7898 dated November 30, 2023), and

(vi) | the public and private securities in Pesos adjustable by the exchange rate, provided they do not exceed the net between the deposits referenced in item (iv) and the LEDIV.

Negative FCNGP (liabilities exceeding assets), which corresponds to the monthly average of daily balances converted to pesos at the reference exchange rate of the closing of the month prior to the calculation of this ratio, cannot exceed 30% of the RPC of the previous month.

Net Global Position, which corresponds to the daily balance converted to Pesos at the reference exchange rate of the immediately preceding month, cannot exceed 5% of the RPC of the immediately preceding month. Any variation in this position originating from exchange operations ordered by the Federal Government may only be covered with one of the applications provided in Section 2 of the “Credit Policy” regulations or with foreign currency forward transactions to be settled in pesos.

Cash Position, which corresponds to the spot position, includes the net global foreign currency position as previously defined, minus the following:

(i) |  | The net position in transactions conducted on a term basis, spot-to-settle, futures, options, and other derivative products. For foreign exchange transactions, only those with an original term greater than 1 business day will be considered.

(ii) |  | The net position in instruments linked to the evolution of the foreign currency's value (except those accounted for in item d).

(iii) |  | The positive difference between the cash balances and the foreign currency resource application deficit – as outlined in Section 1.8 of the “Minimum Cash Requirements” regulations – measured as the average of daily accumulated balances up to the date of the spot position calculation, provided the cash in hand does not exceed 10% of the foreign currency deposits measured on the previous business day.

(iv) |  | Pre-financings of exports whose foreign currency funding, for the same amount, is accounted for as liabilities linked to the evolution of the foreign currency's value.

(v) |  | The balance of guarantees established for operations with debit, credit, and purchase cards abroad for an amount equivalent to five consecutive days of consumption.

This daily position (daily balance converted to pesos at the reference exchange rate of the closing of the previous month) cannot exceed 0% of the RPC of the previous month.

As of June 18, 2018, the Central Bank allows that the Positive FCNGP may reach up to 30% of the RCP, while the total excess over the general limit originates only as a result of:

(A) |  | increase in the position in U.S. Treasury bills in U.S. dollars with respect to those held as of June 15, 2018, and/or

(B) |  | position in U.S. Treasury bills in U.S. dollars as of June 15, 2018, maintained as excess admitted to the current limit as of that date.

(C) |  | increase in the position in National Treasury bills linked to U.S. dollars with respect to those held as of May 13, 2019.

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As provided by Communication “A” 7093 (as amended by Communication “A” 7395), it includes national treasury bills denominated in foreign currency that the institutions receive in exchange for National Treasury Bills – under Law 27,556 – that they have imputed to this point on the Business Day immediately preceding the day on which they are delivered in exchange.

To determine the FCNGP, loans in pesos with a variable return based on the fluctuation of the U.S. dollar exchange rate, agreed until May 27, 2020, will be excluded if they are not covered by term investments with a variable return based on the U.S. dollar exchange rate.

Furthermore, any foreign currency position that financial entities might hold – under the framework established in Communication A 7997 related to the regulations on “Earnings Distributions” – due to the subscription of BOPREAL until credited to non-resident shareholders will also be excluded from the calculation of their FCNGP.

The excesses of these ratios are subject to a charge equal to 1.5 times the rate of the monetary policy To determine the charge, the rate provided by this institution will be applied on the excess amount in pesos, based on the rate for the last business day of the reporting period, or, if unavailable, the most recent one. If excesses occur concurrently in both the net global position and the spot position, the higher charge will apply.

Charges not paid on time will incur an interest penalty during the non-compliance period, calculated at a rate 50% higher than the one applied to the excesses.

In addition to the above-mentioned charge, sanctions set forth in section 41 of the FIL shall apply (including: caution; warning; fine; temporary or permanent disqualification to dispose of a banking current account; temporary or permanent disqualification to act as promoters, founders, directors, administrators, members of surveillance committees, comptrollers, liquidators, managers, auditors, partner or shareholders; and license revocation).).

Fixed Assets and Other Items

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The Central Bank determines that the fixed assets and other items maintained by the financial entities must not exceed 100% of the entity’s RPC.

Such fixed assets and other items include the following:

| · | Shares of local companies;

| · | Miscellaneous receivables;

| · | Property and equipment; and

| · | Other assets.

The calculation of such assets will be effected according to the month-end balances, net of devaluations, accumulated amortizations and allowances for loan losses.

Non-compliance with the ratio produces an increase in the minimum capital requirements equal to 100% of the excess on the ratio.

Credit Ratings

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Since November 28, 2014, Communication “A” 5671, as amended by Communication “A” 6558, supersedes the provisions issued by the Central Bank containing ratings requirements assigned by a local risk rating company. The criteria outlined in the regulations on “Credit Assessments” will replace the provisions issued by this institution that require a rating from a local credit rating agency, rendering those requirements void. When the provisions require a minimum international risk rating, the criteria will serve as complementary.

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The provisions of Communication “A” 5671 are basic guidelines to properly assess the credit risk that financial institutions must observe when implementing Central Bank rules including the requirement of a particular rating and do not replace the credit assessment that each financial institution must make to their counterparts. International credit ratings that refer to these provisions shall be issued by rating agencies that have a code of conduct based on the “Principles of the Code of Conduct for Agents Rate Risk” issued by the International Organization of Securities Commissions (“IOSCO”).

Annex II of Communication “A” 5671 provides a table regarding the new qualification requirements for financial institutions. This table classifies the credit ratings requirements for different transactions.

Debt Classification and Loan Loss Provisions

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Credit Portfolio

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The regulations on debt classification are designed pursuant to Central Bank rules, which differ from IFRS to establish clear guidelines for identifying and classifying the quality of assets, as well as evaluating the actual or potential risk of a lender sustaining losses on principal or interest, in order to determine (taking into account any loan security) whether the provisions against such contingencies are adequate. Banks must classify their loan portfolios into two different categories:

| (1) | Commercial portfolio. Includes all financing, except for consumer or housing loans.

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Loans exceeding Ps. 1,198,966,000, linked to the client's business or productive activity, are classified as commercial. At the entity’s discretion, commercial loans up to Ps. 1,198,966,000 may be grouped with consumer or housing loans, treated as such. Consumer loans are combined with commercial ones to determine classification, with collateral-backed loans weighted at 50%.

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This option must apply to the entire portfolio and be outlined in the “Classification and Provision Procedures Manual,” with six months’ notice to the Superintendency for changes.

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| (2) | Consumer or housing portfolio. Includes:

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| a. | 5.1.2.1. Consumer loans (personal, family, professional, for consumer goods, credit card financing). |

| b. | Housing loans (purchase, construction, refurbishment). |

| c. | Microcredit loans – up to Ps. 239,793,200, and microenterprise loans. |

| d. | Commercial loans up to Ps. 1,198,966,000, with or without preferred collateral, if opted by the entity. |

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Under the current debt classification system, each customer, as well as the customer’s outstanding debts, are included within sub-categories. The debt classification criteria applied to the consumer loan portfolio are primarily based on objective factors related to customers’ performance of their obligations or their legal standing, while the key criterion for classifying the commercial loan portfolio is each borrower’s paying ability based on their future cash flow.

Clients with no previous credit history with the entity, who later receive financing that does not exceed the amount derived from applying the percentage in section 2.2.5 of the “Minimum Provisions for Uncollectible Risk” regulations to their debt balance, may be classified based only on a projected cash flow analysis.

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To ensure compliance with obligations without requiring new financing or refinancing, additional credit facilities will not be considered refinancings if they do not exceed 10% of the limit assigned during the last credit assessment, and if they are in line with normal business operations and the client can meet their other financial obligations. New financings and refinancings related to increased investment due to business expansion are also excluded, provided the projected cash flow supports full repayment of obligations.

Refinancings granted to agricultural producers under the Agricultural Emergency Law will not count as refinancing for classification purposes. However, the projected cash flow at the end of the emergency period must be considered, and the classification cannot improve based on the client's pre-emergency situation, nor extend beyond the emergency period.

Commercial Loans – Regulatory Classification

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The principal criterion used to evaluate a loan pertaining to the commercial portfolio is its borrower’s ability to repay, whose ability is mainly measured by such borrower’s future cash flow. Pursuant to Central Bank rules, commercial loans are classified as follows:

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Classification |  | Criteria
Performing |  | Borrowers that demonstrate their ability to comply with their payment obligations. High repayment capacity.
Subject to Special Monitoring/Under observation |  | Borrowers that, among other criteria, are up to 90 days past due and, although considered to be able to meet all their financial obligations, are sensitive to changes that could compromise their ability to honor debts absent timely corrective measures.
Subject to Special Monitoring/Under negotiation or refinancing agreement |  | Borrowers who are unable to comply with their obligations as agreed with the bank and, therefore, formally state, within 60 calendar days after the maturity date, their intention to refinance such debts. The borrower must enter into a refinancing agreement with the bank within 90 calendar days (if up to two lenders are involved) or 180 calendar days (if more than two lenders are involved) after the payment default date. If no agreement has been reached within the established deadline, the borrower must be reclassified to the next category according to the indicators established for each level.

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Classification |  | Criteria
Subject to special Monitoring / Special Treatment |  | For refinancings granted for the first time within the calendar year, once the first installment is paid, the client may be reclassified to this category only once. After this refinancing, only the overdue obligations will be considered for classification purposes. ​ Subsequent refinancings will be treated under the general provisions outlined in these regulations.
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Troubled |  | Borrowers with difficulties honoring their financial obligations under the loan on a regular basis, which, if uncorrected, may result in losses to the bank.
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With High Risk of Insolvency |  | The client's cash flow analysis indicates that it is highly unlikely they will be able to meet all of their financial obligations.
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Irrecoverable |  | The debts of clients in this category are considered uncollectible. Although these assets may have some recovery value under certain future circumstances, their uncollectibility is evident at the time of analysis. The borrower will not meet its financial obligations with the financial institution.
​ | ​ | Indicators of Uncollectibility ​ (A) The client has a poor financial situation, with suspended payments, bankruptcy, or filing for bankruptcy, and is forced to sell significant assets at a loss. The cash flow does not cover production costs. ​ (B) The client has been overdue for more than a year, with capital and interest refinanced, and financed operational losses. Refinancing will not interrupt the delinquency period unless overdue obligations are fully settled. If at least 15% of refinanced obligations and all accrued interest are paid, the debtor may be reclassified to a higher category. ​ (C) The client has incompetent and/or dishonest management, or has the potential for fraudulent acts, with no internal control. ​ (D) The client has inadequate information systems, making it impossible to accurately assess their financial situation, with unreliable and outdated information. ​ (E) The client operates in an industry in decline or requiring widespread restructuring. ​ (F) The client is in the lowest segment of their industry, unable to compete, and has outdated, unprofitable technology. ​ (G) Clients with overdue obligations over 180 days, according to the Central Bank's “List of Irregular Debtors,” including liquidated entities and certain financial entities. ​ (H) Foreign financial entities or non-resident borrowers failing to meet the “Credit Evaluation” criteria must have an international risk rating of “investment grade.” ​ (I) Private sector clients whose debt exceeds 2.5% of the entity’s computed equity or Ps. 599.483.000, and who have not submitted an affidavit regarding their relationship with the intermediary financial institution. This also applies to clients not evaluated regularly, unless exempted under specific circumstances (e.g., ongoing bankruptcy proceedings). ​

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Consumer and Housing Loans – Regulatory Classification

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The principal criterion used in the assessment of loans in the consumer and housing portfolio is the duration of the default on such loans. Under the Central Bank rules, consumer and housing borrowers are classified as follows:

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Classification |  | Criteria(2)
Performing |  | If all payments on loans are current or less than 31 calendar days overdue and, in the case of checking account overdrafts, less than 61 calendar days overdue.
Low Risk / Under observation |  | Loans upon which payment obligations are overdue for a period of more than 31 and up to 90 calendar days.
Low Risk / Special Treatment |  | For refinancings granted for the first time within the calendar year, once the first installment is paid, the client may be reclassified to this category only once. After this refinancing, only overdue obligations will be considered for classification purposes. Subsequent refinancings will be subject to the general treatment outlined in these provisions.
Medium Risk |  | Loans upon which payment obligations are overdue for a period of more than 90 and up to 180 calendar days.
High Risk |  | Loans in respect of which a legal action seeking collection has been filed or loans having payment obligations overdue for more than 180 calendar days, but less than 365 calendar days.
Irrecoverable |  | This category includes clients who are insolvent or in bankruptcy with little or no chance of credit recovery, or who have overdue payments exceeding one year. ​ It also includes clients undergoing judicial management, or those who have requested preventive bankruptcy or extrajudicial preventive agreements, even if there is a chance of credit recovery, once more than 540 days of overdue payments have passed. ​ Clients whose debts have been refinanced through periodic payment obligations (monthly or bimonthly) may be reclassified to the next higher level if they have made timely payments or have arrears not exceeding 31 days for three consecutive installments, or, in the case of lump-sum payments, bimonthly or irregular payments, if at least 15% of their refinanced obligations (principal) have been paid. ​ A refinanced debtor who meets the above conditions may be reclassified to the next higher level if, additionally, the rest of their debts meet at least the requirements for that level. ​ If a debtor classified in this category has refinanced their debt—regardless of whether they have paid the required installments or percentage—and has received additional credit as outlined in point Section.2.5 of the “Minimum Provisions for Uncollectibility Risk” guidelines, and if such additional financing remains unpaid, they must remain in this category for at least 180 days from the date the additional credit was granted or the refinancing agreement was made. ​ This category also includes clients who meet the conditions outlined below: ​ (a) Clients with overdue obligations over 180 days, according to the Central Bank's “List of Irregular Debtors,” including liquidated entities and certain financial entities. ​ (b) Foreign financial entities or non-resident borrowers failing to meet the “Credit Evaluation” criteria must have an international risk rating of “investment grade.” ​ (b) Private sector clients whose debt exceeds 2.5% of the entity’s computed equity or the reference amount in section 3.7., and who have not submitted a sworn statement regarding their relationship with the intermediary financial institution. This also applies to clients not evaluated regularly, unless exempted under specific circumstances (e.g., ongoing bankruptcy proceedings).

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Minimum Credit Provisions

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Unless otherwise indicated, the financial regulations described in this section have been prepared in accordance with Central Bank regulations. IFRS differs in certain aspects from Central Bank regulations. See Item 5B. “Critical accounting policies”.

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The following minimum credit provisions are required to be made by Argentine banks in relation to the credit portfolio category:

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Category |  | With Preferred Guarantees |  | Without Preferred Guarantees
1. Normal situation | ​ | 1% | ​ | 1%
2. With special monitoring / Low risk | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Under observation | ​ | 3% | ​ | 5%
Under negotiation or refinancing agreement | ​ | 6% | ​ | 12%
Special treatment | ​ | 8% | ​ | 16%
3. With problems / Medium Risk | ​ | 12% | ​ | 25%
4. With high risk of insolvency / High Risk | ​ | 25% | ​ | 50%
5. Irrecoverable | ​ | 50% | ​ | 100%

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The Superintendency may require additional provisioning if it determines that the current level is inadequate.

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In accordance with Central Bank regulations financial entities are required to develop procedures for the analysis of the credit facilities assuring an appropriate evaluation of a debtor’s financial situation and a periodic revision of its situation concerning objective and subjective conditions of all the risks taken. The procedures established have to be detailed in a manual called “Manual of Procedures for Classification and Allowances” which shall be permanently available for the Superintendency. The frequency of the review of existing classifications must answer to the importance considering all facilities. The classification analysis shall be duly documented.

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In the case of commercial loans, applicable regulations require a minimum frequency of review. Such review must take place:

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(i) |  | On a quarterly basis, with respect to individually considered clients whose financing at any point is equivalent to 5% or more of the RPC or the financial trust assets for the month preceding the end of the respective period, depending on whether the client is an entity or a financial trust. For these purposes, the group of connected counterparties shall be treated as a single client; |

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(ii) |  | On a semi-annual basis, with respect to individually considered clients whose financing at any point is between 1% (or the equivalent of Ps. 1,198,966,000, whichever is lower) and less than 5% of the RPC or the financial trust assets for the month preceding the end of the respective period, depending on whether the client is an entity or a financial trust. For these purposes, the group of connected counterparties shall be treated as a single client. |

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At the close of the first calendar semester, the review must cover at least 50% of the total commercial portfolio, including clients referred to in section 6.3.1. Therefore, to meet this percentage, the review must also include clients whose financing is below 1% of the mentioned RPC or financial trust assets (or the equivalent of Ps. 1,198,966,000), proceeding in decreasing order based on the magnitude of their financing.

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(iii) |  | During the fiscal year, in other cases, the review must cover the entire commercial portfolio by the end of the period. |

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In addition to the minimum frequency outlined above, the classification must be reviewed – with a reasoned record of the decision made in the client's file – and, if necessary, amended whenever any of the following circumstances occur:

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1. |  | Modification of any of the objective classification criteria arising from these regulations (e.g., terms of delinquency, legal status of the client or their debts, compliance with refinancings, and requests for refinancing of obligations). |

2. |  | A negative change in the client’s classification in the “Central de Deudores del Sistema Financiero”, downgrading it to a lower degree than the one assigned by the entity, by at least another financial entity or trust whose claims represent at least 10% of the total reported by all creditors. |

3. |  | Notification of the Superintendency’s final determination regarding the adjustment of provisions, as indicated by inspection activities. |

4. |  | When there is a discrepancy of more than one level between the classification given by the financial entity and those assigned by at least two other entities or financial trusts in categories lower than the one assigned by the entity, with their combined claims representing at least 20%, but less than 40%, of the total reported by all creditors, according to the latest available information from the “Central de Deudores del Sistema Financiero.” |

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The reassessment must be immediate for clients whose covered financing equals or exceeds 1% of the entity’s computable net worth or the trust’s assets, from the month prior to the occurrence of any of the circumstances mentioned, or the equivalent of Ps. 599,483,000, whichever is lower, and within three months for all other included clients.

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Allowances for Loan Losses

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Grupo Supervielle recognises the allowance for loan losses under the expected credit losses method included in IFRS 9. The most significant judgments of the model relate to defining what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk, determining the life of revolving facilities, and in making assumptions and estimates to incorporate relevant information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of economic conditions. A high degree of uncertainty is involved in making estimations using assumptions that are highly subjective and very sensitive to the risk factors.

In Note 1.11 to our audited consolidated financial statements, provides more detail of how the expected credit loss allowance is measured.

Priority Rights of Depositors

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Under Section 49 of the FIL, in the event of judicial liquidation or bankruptcy of a bank all depositors, irrespective of the type, amount or currency of their deposits, will be senior to the other remaining creditors (such as shareholders of the bank), with exceptions made for certain labor liens (section 53 paragraphs “a” and “b”) and for those creditors backed by a pledge or mortgage, in the following order of priority: (a) deposits of up to Ps.50,000 per person (including all amounts such person deposited in one financial entity), or its equivalent in foreign currency, (b) all deposits of an amount higher than Ps.50,000, or its equivalent in foreign currency, and (c) the liabilities originated in commercial lines granted to the financial institution and which directly affect international commerce. Furthermore, pursuant to section 53 of the FIL, as amended, Central Bank claims have absolute priority over other claims, except for pledged or mortgaged claims, certain labor claims, the depositors’ claims pursuant to section 49, paragraph e), items i) and ii), debt granted under section 17, paragraphs (b), (c) and (f) of the Central Bank’s Charter (including discounts granted by financial entities due to a temporary lack of liquidity, advances to financial entities with security interest, assignment of rights, pledges or special assignment of certain assets) and debt granted by the Banking Liquidity Fund backed by a pledge or mortgage.

The amendment to section 35 bis of the FIL Law by Law No. 25,780 sets forth that if a bank is in a situation where the Central Bank may revoke its authorization to operate and become subject to dissolution or liquidation by judicial resolution, the Central Bank’s Board of Directors may take certain actions. Among these actions, in the case of excluding the transfer of assets and liabilities to financial trusts or other financial entities, the Central Bank may totally or partially exclude the liabilities mentioned in section 49, paragraph e), as well as debt defined in section 53, giving effect to the order of priority among creditors. Regarding the partial exclusion, the order of priority of point e) section 49 must be followed without giving a different treatment to liabilities of the same grade.

Mandatory Deposit Insurance System

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Law No. 24,485, passed on April 12, 1995, as amended, created a Deposit Insurance System, or “SSGD”, which is mandatory for bank deposits, and delegated the responsibility for organizing and implementing the system to the Central Bank. The SSGD is a supplemental protection to the privilege granted to depositors by means of section 49 of the FIL, as mentioned above.

The SSGD has been implemented through the establishment of a Deposit Guarantee Fund, or “FGD,” managed by a private-sector corporation called Seguro de Depósitos Sociedad Anónima, (Deposit Insurance Corporation, or “SEDESA”). According to Decree No. 1292/96, the shareholders of SEDESA are the government through the Central Bank and a trust set up by the participating financial entities. These institutions must pay into the FGD a monthly contribution determined by Central Bank regulations. The SSGD is financed through regular and additional contributions made my financial entities, with the additional contribution differentiated based on factors such as the rating assigned by the Superintendency, the ratio of excess computable equity responsibility relative to the minimum capital requirement, and the quality of the active portfolio, with the additional contribution not exceeding the normal contribution.

Financial entities must make regular monthly contributions to the FGD equivalent to 0.015% of their monthly average daily balances of the deposits listed in the following paragraph, recorded in the second month prior to the contribution. The Central Bank may require an advance contribution of up to the equivalent of twenty-four (24) minimum normal contributions, with a notice period of no less than thirty calendar days, to cover the FGD's resource needs. The first contribution was made on May 24, 1995.

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The Central Bank may also require financial entities to advance the payment of up to the equivalent of two years of monthly contributions and debit the past due contributions from funds of the financial entities deposited with the Central Bank. The Central Bank may require additional contributions by certain institutions, depending on its evaluation of the financial condition of those institutions, as described above.

The SSGD’s coverage applies to deposits in pesos and foreign currency made in participating entities in the form of: current accounts, demand accounts opened in Cooperative Credit Unions, savings accounts, fixed-term deposits, salary/social security accounts, basic, universal free, and special accounts, term investments, and immobilized balances derived from the above concepts.

The SSGD does not cover: (i) deposits and term investments in transferable paper acquired through endorsement, even if the last endorsee is the original depositor; (ii) demand deposits with interest rates exceeding the reference rate, and term deposits or investments exceeding 1.3 times the reference rate or the reference rate plus 5 percentage points, as well as those influenced by additional incentives; (iii) deposits from financial entities in other intermediaries, including those acquired through secondary market transactions; (iv) deposits made by related parties to the entity, as defined in the “Large Credit Risk Exposures” regulations; (v) fixed-term deposits in securities, acceptances, or guarantees; (vi) immobilized balances from excluded deposits or transactions; (vii) term deposits and investments structured through Electronic Certificates for Deposits and Term Investments (CEDIP) transmitted after the issuing financial entity falls under the conditions outlined in Section 49 of the Central Bank’s Organic Charter or Section 35 bis of the FIL.

The guarantee will cover the return of the deposited capital, interest, adjustments (based on the Reference Stabilization Coefficient, “CER,” for UVA deposits and the Construction Cost Index, “ICC”, for UVI deposits), and exchange rate differences, up to a limit of Ps.25,000,000, accrued until the date of revocation of the authorization or suspension of the entity under Article 49 of the Central Bank’s Organic Charter. For accounts held by two or more individuals, the guarantee limit will be $25,000,000, distributed proportionally among the account holders. The total guarantee for any individual, including accumulated accounts and deposits covered by this scheme, will not exceed the $25,000,000 limit.

Effective payment on this guaranty will be made within thirty (30) business days after revocation of the license of the financial institution in which the funds are held; such payments are subject to the exercise of the depositor’s priority rights described above.

In view of the circumstances affecting the financial system, Decree No. 214/2002 provided that SEDESA may issue registered securities for the purpose of offering them to depositors in payment of the guarantee in the event it should not have sufficient funds available.

When the contributions to the FGD reach the greater of Ps.2 billion or 5.0% of the total deposits of the financial system, whichever is greater, the Central Bank may suspend or reduce the obligation to make contributions to the FGD, reinstating the obligation in whole or in part when the contributions subsequently fall below that level.

Other Restrictions

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Pursuant to the FIL, financial institutions cannot create any kind of liens over their assets without the Central Bank’s authorization. Furthermore, in accordance with section 72 of Capital Markets Law, publicly offered companies are forbidden to enter into transactions with their directors, officers or affiliates in terms more favorable than arms-length transactions.

Capital Markets

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Commercial banks are authorized to subscribe for and sell shares and debt securities. At present, there are no statutory limitations as to the amount of securities for which a bank may undertake to subscribe. However, under Central Bank regulations, underwriting of debt securities by a bank would be treated as “financial assistance” and, accordingly, until the securities are sold to third parties, such underwriting would be subject to limitations.

On September 9, 2013, the CNV published Resolution No. 622/2013 (the “CNV Rules”) supplementing the Capital Markets Law. On May 9, 2018, the Argentine Congress approved the Argentine Productive Financing Law No. 27,440, which modernized and completed the legal framework of the Argentine capital markets. Law No. 27,440 amended the legal framework of the capital markets (Law No. 26,831), mutual funds (Law No. 24,083), negotiable obligations (Law No. 23,576), the Argentine Civil and Commercial Code (Law No. 26,994, as amended from time to time), financing of housing and construction (Law No. 24,441), the subjects obliged to report

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on concealing and asset laundering of criminal origin in the capital market framework (Law No. 25,246), and the tax relief regime for the purchase of private securities (Law No. 20,643).

Financial Institutions with Economic Difficulties

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The FIL provides that any financial institution, including a commercial bank, (i) with its solvency impaired, in the judgment of the Central Bank; (ii) recording deficiencies on the minimum cash reserve requirement during the periods established by the Central Bank; (iii) recording repeated failures to comply with the various limits or technical relations established; or (iv) that could not maintain the minimum asset liability required for its particular class, location or characteristics, must (upon request from the Central Bank and in order to avoid the revocation of its license) prepare a restructuring plan (plan de regularización y saneamiento). The plan must be submitted to the Central Bank on a specified date, no later than thirty (30) calendar days from the date on which a request to that effect is made by the Central Bank. If the institution fails to submit, secure regulatory approval of, or comply with, a restructuring plan, the Central Bank will be empowered to revoke the institution’s license to operate as such, without prejudice to the application of the penalties provided for in the aforementioned law.

The Central Bank may appoint overseers with veto power, require the provision of guarantees and limit or forbid the distribution or remittance of profits, temporarily admit exceptions to the relevant limits and technical relations, exempt or defer the payment of charges and/or fines as provided by the Financial Institutions Law.

The Central Bank’s charter authorizes the Superintendency to fully or partially suspend, exclusively subject to the approval of the President of the Central Bank, the operations of a financial institution for a term of thirty (30) days if the liquidity or solvency thereof is adversely affected. Such term could be renewed for up to ninety (90) additional days, with the approval of the Central Bank’s Board of Directors. During such suspension term an automatic stay of claims, enforcement actions and precautionary measures is triggered, any commitment increasing the financial institution’s obligations shall be null and void, and debt acceleration and interest accrual shall be suspended.

Institution Restructuring to Safeguard Credit and Bank Deposits

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If a financial institution meets the Central Bank’s criteria and is found to be in any of the situations set forth in Section 44 of the FIL, the Central Bank may authorize the restructuring of the financial institution in defense of depositors, prior to revocation of the authorization to operate. The restructuring plan may consist of certain steps, including, among others:

| ● | adoption of a list of measures to capitalize or increase the capital of the financial institution;

| ● | revoke the approval granted to the shareholders of the financial institution to hold interests therein;

| ● | exclusion or transfer assets and liabilities;

| ● | judicial intervention of the institution, displacing the statutory administrative authorities, and determine the capabilities needed to comply with the assigned function.

Revocation of the License to Operate as a Financial Institution

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The Central Bank may revoke the license to operate as a financial institution (a) at the request of the legal or statutory authorities of the institution; (b) in the cases contemplated by the Argentine Civil and Commerce Code or in the laws governing its existence as a legal entity; (c) when, to the judgment of the Central Bank, the affections to the solvency and/or liquidity of the institution cannot be solved through a regularization and sanitation program; (d) in the rest of the cases provided by the FIL.

Liquidation of Financial Institutions

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As provided in the FIL, the Central Bank must notify the revocation decision to a competent court, which will then determine who will liquidate the entity: the corporate authorities (extrajudicial liquidation) or an independent liquidator appointed by the court for that purpose (judicial liquidation). The court’s decision will be based on whether there are sufficient assurances that the corporate

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authorities are capable of carrying out such liquidation properly, prior authorization of the Central Bank and in the cases provided by subsections a) and b) of section 44 of the FIL.

Bankruptcy of Financial Institutions

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According to the FIL, financial institutions are not allowed to file their own bankruptcy petitions. In addition, the bankruptcy shall not be adjudged until the license to operate as a financial institution has been revoked.

Once the license to operate as a financial institution has been revoked, a court of competent jurisdiction may adjudge the former financial institution in bankruptcy, or a petition in bankruptcy may be filed by the Central Bank or by any creditor of the bank, in this case after a period of sixty (60) calendar days has elapsed since the license was revoked.

Once the bankruptcy has been adjudged, provisions of the Bankruptcy Law No. 24,522 (the “Bankruptcy Law”) and the FIL shall be applicable; provided however that in certain cases, specific provisions of the FIL shall supersede the provisions of the Argentine Bankruptcy Law (i.e. priority rights of depositors).

Merger and Transfer of Goodwill

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Merger and transfer of goodwill may be arranged between entities of the same or different type and will be subject to the prior approval of the Central Bank. The new entity or the buyer must submit a financial-economic structure profile supporting the project in order to obtain authorization from the Central Bank.

Financial System Restructuring Unit

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The Financial System Restructuring Unit was created to oversee the implementation of a strategic approach towards those that benefit from assistance provided by the Central Bank. This unit is in charge of rescheduling maturities, determining restructuring strategies and action plans, approving transformation plans, and accelerating repayment of the facilities granted by the Central Bank.

Holding Companies

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On June 28, 2019, the Central Bank ruled, through Communication “A” 6723, with effect from January 1, 2020, that Group “A” financial entities which are controlled by non-financial entities (as in our case in relation with the Bank) shall comply with the Minimum Capital requirements (see “Argentine Banking Regulation—Liquidity and Solvency Requirements— Minimum Capital Requirements”), the Major Exposure to Credit Risk regulations (see “Argentine Banking Regulation—Credit Risk Regulation — Large Exposures”), the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (see “Argentine Banking Regulation— Liquidity Coverage Ratios”) and the Net Stable Funding Ratio (see “Argentine Banking Regulation—Liquidity Parameters—Net Stable Funding Ratio”) on a consolidated basis comprising the non-financial holding and all its subsidiaries (excluding insurance companies and non-financial subsidiaries).

Additionally, Group “A” financial institutions may not grant direct or indirect financial assistance of any kind to its holding company whenever it is a non-financial institution.

Fintech Regulations

The Central Bank issued Communication “A” 6885 (as amended from time to time, regulations on “Payment Service Providers”), by means of which it regulates certain aspects of Fintech operations. Through these communications, PSPs as defined as legal entities that, although not classified as financial entities, perform at least one function within a retail payment system, as part of the broader framework of the national payment system.

By means of these rules, PSPs operations are regulated and a specific registry for them was created. Entities that are not eligible to operate as PSPs include legal entities that are not regularly incorporated in the country, or those that, while incorporated abroad as private legal entities, have failed to meet the requirements outlined in the General Corporations Law No. 19,550 and its amendments, specifically regarding the regular exercise of activities within their corporate purpose in Argentina. Additionally, entities recognized by the CNV as markets, clearinghouses, or any other type of agents are excluded from operating as PSPs. Furthermore, legal entities whose shareholders, voting rights, or governing and supervisory bodies involve individuals who fall under the provisions of sections a), b), d), e), or f) of Article 10 of the Financial Entities Law, or who have been convicted of crimes such as property offenses, public administration

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crimes, economic and financial offenses, or offenses against public faith, including violations of privacy or association crimes, are also disqualified. However, this does not apply to shareholdings acquired in securities markets that do not exceed 20% of the capital or voting rights.

Regarding the registry, regulations on “Payment Service Providers” stipulate that PSPs performing the functions outlined below are required to register in the 'Payment Service Providers Registry' managed by the Superintendency:

| 1. | Virtual Account Provision: provision of virtual accounts for performing debits and credits within a payment scheme. The accounts offered by PSPs are referred to as payment accounts; these are freely available accounts in pesos that allow for the ordering and receiving of payments. PSPCPs may allow for these accounts to have more than one holder.

| 2. | Acceptance: Enroll merchants into payment schemes with transfers. This includes, among other tasks, facilitating the mechanisms to initiate payments, transmitting payment order information to the administrator or other participants of the scheme, and, if authorized, confirming the operations.

| 3. | Initiation (registration is required only if they provide digital wallet services): Send a valid payment instruction at the request of a payer to the provider of a payment account (or a sight account) or to the issuer of the payment instrument.

| 4. | ATM Networks: Manage transactions ordered through ATMs.

| 5. | Electronic Funds Transfer Networks (processing or operation): Transmit electronic instructions for fund movements between financial entities and, where applicable, notify the PSP providing payment accounts of the credits to their sight accounts so that it can proceed with the fulfillment of the transfer function.

| 6. | Acquiring: Enroll merchants into payment schemes with cards. This includes, among other tasks, facilitating the mechanisms to initiate payments, transmitting payment order information to the administrator or other participants of the scheme, and, if authorized, confirming the operations.

| 7. | Aggregation or Sub-acquiring: Provide merchants with access to payment schemes that the aggregator has contracted with one or more acquirers, using the aggregator's or sub-acquirer's merchant identifier (ID), which acts as the receiving customer of the funds from the settlement of various payment schemes.

| 8. | Non-Banking Collection Companies for Taxes and/or Services: Provide payment and/or collection services for taxes and/or services on behalf of third parties through agent networks, using cash and/or payment instruments.

PSP regulations establish that all funds credited to payment accounts offered by PSPCPs shall be (i) available at all times, for an amount at least equivalent to the one credited in the payment account; (ii) deposited in Pesos, in on-sight accounts in Argentine financial entities; and (iii) on an independent on-sight account from the one used for trading for own account (e.g.: creditor or salary payments).

Any breach of the rules as set on the abovementioned communication is submitted to the sanctions of the FIL.

By means of Communication “A” 7156, the Central Bank extended the application of the provisions of the FIL to “Other non- financial credit providers” covered by the rules on “Non-financial credit providers”, and among other measures, it provided that as from February 1, 2021, other non-financial credit providers and non-financial companies issuing credit and/or purchase cards will be subject to the provisions set forth in the rules on “Protection of financial services users”, for the financing they grant.

On February 24, 2022, the Central Bank issued Communication “A” 7462 (as amended from time to time) providing for the creation of the “Register of interoperable digital wallets” and establishing that any PSP wishing to provide a digital wallet service that allows making transfer payments initiated by reading QR codes must be registered therein. In addition, it defines a “digital wallet” service as the service offered by a financial institution or payment service provider (PSP) through an application on a mobile device or web browser that must allow making payments with transfer (PCT) and/or with other payment instruments.

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Pursuant to Communication “A” 7593, the Central Bank amended the rules on “Protection of Financial Services Users” to include Payment Service Providers that offer payment accounts and Payment Service Providers that perform the function of initiation and provide the digital wallet service among the obligated parties.

On the other hand, as regards the rules on “Payment Service Providers”, it establishes that they must submit a compliance report prepared by professionals or associations of licensed professionals, which must be prepared in accordance with the model to be established from time to time, and verify compliance with the rules issued by the Central Bank that are applicable according to the type of provider in question and submitted to the Superintendency on an annual basis.

By means of Communication “A” 7783, the Central Bank approved the rules on “Minimum requirements for the management and control of technology and information security risks associated with digital financial services” applicable to both PSPCP and financial entities.

Gender Parity Requirements

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On September 3, 2020, by means of Communication “A” 7100 (as amended from time to time), the Central Bank amended the rules on “Guidelines for Corporate in Financial Institutions” (Lineamientos para el gobiernos societario en entidades financieras) to include a requirement of gender parity.

By virtue of such Communication, the Central Bank suggested to financial institutions to consider the progressive incorporation of women on new appointments and/or renewals, until gender parity is achieved. In this regard, the Central Bank defined gender parity as the guideline that aims at equalizing the participation of men and women in labor decision-making spaces, ensuring the right to equal opportunities and non-discrimination on the bases of gender.

Anti-Money Laundering, Terrorism Financing and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction Financing Regime

The concept of money laundering is generally used to denote transactions aimed at introducing funds from illicit activities into the institutional system and thus transform gains from illegal activities into assets of a seemingly legitimate source.

Terrorist financing consists of providing funds for terrorist activities. This may involve funds raised from legitimate sources, such as personal donations and profits from businesses and charitable organizations, as well as from criminal sources, such as drug trade, weapons and other goods smuggling, fraud, kidnapping and extortion. Financing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction consists of providing financial support or resources to assist in the development, manufacture, acquisition, or spread of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons and their delivery systems.

On April 13, 2000, the Argentine Congress passed Law No. 25,246, (subsequently amended and complemented, the “AML/CTF/CPF Law”), which created at the national level the Anti- Money Laundering, Counter- Terrorist Financing and the Financing of Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction Regime (“AML/CTF/CPF Regime”), criminalizing money laundering, creating and designating the Financial Information Unit (“UIF”, for its acronym in Spanish) as the enforcement authority of the regime, and establishing the legal obligation for various public and private sector entities and professionals to provide information and cooperate with the UIF.

The UIF is a decentralized agency that operates with autonomy and financial independency under the Argentine Ministry of Justice, and its mission is to prevent and deter the crimes of money laundering, terrorist financing and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

The following are certain provisions relating to the AML/CTF/CPF Regime established by the AML/CTF/CPF Law, including regulations issued by the UIF, the CNV and the Central Bank. It is recommended that holders consult their own legal advisors and read the AML/CTF/CPF Law and its complementary regulations.

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Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Argentine Criminal Code

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Money laundering

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Section 303 of the Argentine Criminal Code (the “ACC”) defines money laundering as a crime committed whenever a person converts, transfers, manages, sells, encumbers, acquires, conceals or in any other way puts into circulation in the market, property derived from an unlawful act, with the possible consequence that the origin of the original property or the subordinate property acquires the appearance of a lawful origin, provided that their value exceeds the sum of 150 Minimum, Vital, and Mobile Wages at the time of the events (as of the date of this annual report, this equals Ps.44,524,800), either in a single act or by the repetition of various acts linked to each other. Section 303 of the ACC establishes the following penalties:

| (i) | Imprisonment for a term of three (3) to ten (10) years and fines of two (2) to ten (10) times the amount of the illicit transaction. This penalty may be increased by one third of the maximum and half of the minimum, when the perpetrator of the crime:

| (a) | regularly commits such crimes or participates in organizations or associations specially designed for committing such crimes;

| (b) | is a public official who committed the act in the exercise or occasion of their duties. In this case, he/she shall also be subject to a penalty of special disqualification of three (3) to ten (10) years. The same penalty shall be imposed to anyone who has acted in the exercise of a profession or occupation requiring special qualification.

| (ii) | Anyone who receives money or other property from a criminal offense for the purpose of applying them in an operation as described above, which gives them the possible appearance of a lawful origin, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term of six (6) months to three (3) years.

| (iii) | If the value of the goods does not exceed 150 minimum wages, the penalty shall be a fine of five (5) to twenty (20) times the amount of the illicit transaction.

These provisions shall apply even if the preceding criminal offence was committed outside the scope of applicability of this Code, insofar as the criminal offence was also punishable in the place where it was committed.

Penalties for legal persons

Furthermore, Section 304 of the ACC provides that when the criminal acts have been committed in the name of, or with the intervention of, or for the benefit of a legal person, the following sanctions shall be imposed to the entity jointly or alternatively:

| (i) | fine of two (2) to ten (10) times the value of the property subject to the offense;

| (ii) | total or partial suspension of activities, which in no case shall exceed ten (10) years;

| (iii) | debarment for public tenders or bidding processes or any other State-related activities, which in no case shall exceed ten (10) years;

| (iv) | dissolution and liquidation of the legal person when it was created for the sole purpose of committing the offense, or such acts constitute the main activity of the entity;

| (v) | loss or suspension of any State benefit that it may have;

| (vi) | publication of an extract of the condemnatory sentence at the expense of the legal entity.

In order to calibrate these sanctions, the Court will take into account the failure to comply with internal rules and procedures, the omission of vigilance over the activity of the authors and participants; the extent of the damage caused, the amount of money involved in the commission of the offense, the size, nature and economic capacity of the legal entity. In the cases in which it is essential to maintain the operational continuity of the entity, or of a public work, or particular service, the sanctions of suspension of activities or dissolution and liquidation of the legal person shall not be applicable.

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Terrorist Financing and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction Financing

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Section 306 of the ACC criminalizes the financing of terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. This offense is committed by any person who directly or indirectly collects or provides property or money, with the intention of it being used, or in the knowledge that it will be used, in full or in part:

| (i) | to finance the commission of acts which have the aim of terrorizing the population or compelling national public authorities or foreign governments or agents of an international organization to perform or refrain from performing an act (according to section 41.5 of the ACC);

| (ii) | by an organization committing or attempting to commit crimes for the purpose set out in (i);

| (iii) | by an individual who commits, attempts to commit or participates in any way in the commission of offenses for the purpose set out in (i);

| (iv) | to finance, for themselves or for third parties, the travel or logistics of individuals and/or things to a State other than that of their residence or nationality, or within the same national territory for the purpose of perpetrating, planning, preparing or participating in the purpose set out in (i);

| (v) | to finance, for themselves or for third parties, the provision or receipt of training for the commission of offenses for the purpose set out in (i);

| (vi) | to finance the acquisition, production, development, possession, supply, exportation, importation, storage, transportation, transfer, or in any way the use of weapons of mass destruction of the nuclear, chemical, biological type, their delivery systems, means of delivery and their related materials, including dual-use technologies and goods to commit any of the crimes provided for in the ACC or in international regulations.

The penalty for this offense is imprisonment for a term of five (5) to fifteen (15) years and a fine of two (2) to ten (10) times the amount of the illicit transaction. Likewise, the same penalties shall apply to legal persons as described for the crime of money laundering.

The same penalty of imprisonment and fine shall apply to anyone who produces, manufactures, develops, possesses, supplies, exports, imports, stores, transports, transfers, employs, or in any way proliferates, increases, reproduces or multiplies the weapons of mass destruction referred to in (vi) above, their means of delivery and related materials intended for their preparation.

The penalties described above will be applied regardless of the occurrence of the crime for which the financing was intended and, if the latter is committed, regardless of whether the goods or money were used for its commission.

Reporting Subjects Obliged to Inform and Collaborate with the UIF

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The AML/CTF/CPF Regime, in line with international AML/CTF/CPF standards, not only designates the UIF as the agency in charge of preventing money laundering, terrorism financing and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. It also imposes obligations on various public and private sector entities and individuals, designated as Reporting Subjects ( “Sujetos Obligados”), to inform and collaborate with the UIF.

In accordance with the AML/CTF/CPF Law and its regulations, the Reporting Subjects before the UIF, include among others:

| (i) | banks, financial entities and insurance companies;

| (ii) | exchange agencies and natural and legal persons authorized by the Central Bank to intervene in the purchase and sale of foreign currency with funds in cash or checks issued in foreign currency or through the use of debit or credit cards or in the transfer of funds within or outside the national territory;

| (iii) | virtual asset service providers, non-financial credit providers, issuers, operators and/or providers of collection and/or payment services, central securities depository agents and corporate and trust service providers

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| (iv) | settlement and clearing agents, trading agents; natural and/or legal persons registered with the CNV acting in the placement of investment funds or other collective investment products authorized by such agency; crowdfunding companies, global investment advisors and the legal persons acting as financial trustees whose trust securities are authorized for public offering by the CNV, and the agents registered by the above mentioned controlling agency that intervene in the placement of negotiable securities issued within the framework of the above mentioned financial trusts;

| (v) | government organizations such as the Central Bank, the Customs Collection and Enforcement Agency (“ARCA,” as per its acronym in Spanish), the Superintendence of Insurance of the Nation (“SSN,” as per its acronym in Spanish), the CNV and the IGJ; and

| (vi) | professionals in economic sciences, lawyers and notaries public, when they are involved in certain transactions.

The Reporting Subjects have the following duties:

| (i) | obtaining documents that indisputably prove the identity, legal status, domicile and other relevant information, about their clients’ operations (“know your customer” policy);

| (ii) | reporting any suspicious events or transactions. For the purposes of the AML/CTF/CPF Law, suspicious transactions are those that, , appear unusual, lack economic or legal justification, or are unusually or unjustifiably complex, whether conducted once or repeatedly (regardless of their amount);

| (iii) | refraining from disclosing to customers or third parties any actions taken in compliance with the AML/CTF/CPF Law;

| (iv) | registering before the UIF;

| (v) | documenting procedures for the prevention of money laundering, financing of terrorism and financing of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction establishing internal manuals that reflect the tasks to be developed with a risk based approach;

| (vi) | appointing compliance officers within the governing body who shall be responsible before the UIF (in case the obliged entity is an individual, such individual will be considered the compliance officer);

| (vii) | obtaining information and determining the purpose and nature of the relationship with the client;

| (viii) | determining the risk of money laundering, terrorism financing and financing of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction associated to clients and transactions;

| (ix) | carriyng out due diligence procedures to (i) determine the risk of money laundering, terrorism financing and financing of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction associated to clients and transactions, and (ii) review transactions during the course of the relationship with the client;

| (x) | identifying the individuals who exercise functions of management and representation of the client and those who have powers of disposition;

| (xi) | adopting specific measures to mitigate the risk of money laundering, terrorism financing and financing of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction;

| (xii) | having appropriate risk management systems in place to determine whether the client or final beneficial owner is a politically exposed person;

| (xiii) | determining the source and legality of funds; and

| (xiv) | keeping, for ten (10) years, all necessary records of transactions, client files and business communications.

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If a Reporting Subject fails to report a suspicious transaction or submits it after the designated deadlines and forms provided for that purpose, a fine between one (1) and ten (10) times the total value of the assets of the transaction will be applied. In the case of other violations (due to formal non-compliance), the fixed amounts as the unit of measurement of the fine are replaced by modules that can be updated annually. In addition, the following penalties may apply: (i) warning; (ii) warning with the obligation to publish the operative part of the resolution; and (iii) for compliance officers, disqualification for up to 5 years to exercise functions in such capacity.

Pursuant to Annex I of Resolution No. 61/2023 of the UIF (which establishes the supervision and inspection mechanism of the UIF), both the Central Bank and the CNV are considered “Specific Control Agencies”(“Órganos de Contralor Específico”). In such capacity, they must collaborate with the UIF in the evaluation of compliance with AML/CTF/CPF procedures by the Reporting Subjects subject to their control. For these purposes, they are entitled to supervise, monitor and inspect these entities. Denial or obstruction of inspections by the Reporting Subjects may result in administrative penalties by the UIF and criminal penalties.

The Central Bank and the CNV must also comply with the AML/CTF/CPF Regime established by the UIF, including the reporting of suspicious transactions. In turn, Reporting Subjects regulated by these agencies are subject to UIF Resolutions No. 14/2023 and 78/2023, respectively. Such regulations provide guidelines that such entities shall adopt and apply to manage, in accordance with their policies, procedures and controls, the risk of being used by third parties for criminal purposes of money laundering, financing of terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

Essentially, the aforementioned regulations, change the formal regulatory compliance approach to a risk-based approach (“RBA”), based on the revised recommendations issued by the Financial Action Task Force (the “FATF”) in 2012, in order to ensure that the implemented measures are proportional to the identified risks. Therefore, the Reporting Subjects shall identify and evaluate their risks and, based on this, adopt measures for the management and mitigation of such risks, in order to more effectively prevent money laundering and terrorist financing. Likewise, the provisions of UIF Resolution No. 4/17 established the possibility of conducting special due diligence procedures with respect to clients supervised abroad (formerly called “international holders”) and local clients who are Reporting Subjects to the UIF.

Resolution 14/2023, which sets out specific rules for the financial sector, inter alia, prohibits the maintenance of anonymous accounts or accounts under fictitious names, emphasizes the need to apply enhanced due diligence measures to clients commensurate with the risks identified, and provides for the possibility for financial institutions to rely on third parties to carry out certain due diligence measures.

In October 2021, the UIF published Resolution 112/2021 which established certain measures and procedures that all Regulated Subjects must observe to identify beneficial owners. All companies, legal entities or other contractual entities or legal structures that carry out activities in Argentina, or own property or assets located or placed in Argentina must register their final beneficiaries with the public registry of final beneficiaries. All persons or legal entities that provide virtual asset services must register their activities with the registry of virtual asset service providers.

Asset Freezing Regime

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Decree No. 918/2012 (amended by Decree No. 278/2024) establishes the procedures for preventing the disposal of assets linked to terrorism and proliferation financing, and the creation and maintenance procedures (including the inclusion and removal of suspected persons) for registries created in accordance with the relevant United Nations Security Council’s resolutions.

Decree 278/2024 amended Decree 918/2012 aiming to strengthen the current regulatory and institutional framework regarding compliance with international standards, particularly FATF Recommendation 6, as well as United Nations Security Council resolutions. The new decree partially modifies the definitions of administrative freezing of assets and funds and incorporates the definition of the term to specify that the implementation of this measure must be immediate. Additionally, it extends the obligation to freeze assets or other assets related to suspicious terrorism financing operations to all Reporting Subjects, without delay and without prior notice. The Decree also establishes that the UIF, through the Egmont Group, may request cooperation from third countries to administratively freeze assets or other assets of individuals or entities in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001).

Additionally, UIF Resolution No. 29/2013, regulates the implementation of Decree No. 918/2012 and establishes: (i) the procedure to report suspicious transactions of terrorism financing and the persons obligated to do so, and (ii) the administrative freezing of assets procedure on natural or legal persons or entities designated by the United Nations Security Council pursuant to Resolution

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1267 (1999) and subsequent, or linked to criminal actions under Section 306 of the Argentine Criminal Code, both prior to the report issued pursuant to UIF Resolutions No. 121 and 229, and as mandated by the UIF after receiving such report.

In order to help the Reporting Subjects to fulfill these duties, Executive Decree No. 489/2019 created the Public Registry of Persons and Entities linked to acts of Terrorism and its Financing (RePET, for its acronym in Spanish), which is an official database that includes the consolidated list of the United Nations Security Council.

Politically Exposed Persons

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Resolution No. 35/2023 (lastly amended by Resolution No. 192/2024), establishes the rules that Reporting Subjects must follow regarding clients that are Politically Exposed Persons (“PEP”).

Following the aforementioned RBA, Resolution 35/2023 establishes that Reporting Subjects must determine the level of risk at the time of beginning or continuing the contractual relationship with a PEP, and must take due diligence measures, adequate and proportional to the associated risk and the operation or operations involved.

This Resolution establishes (i) the measures that the Reporting Subjects must take with respect to foreign PEPs or domestic PEPs that have been classified as high risk by the Reporting Subject, for example, having the approval of the compliance officer to initiate or continue commercial relations with them; (ii) each Reporting Subject must take reasonable measures to determine whether a customer and/or beneficial owner is a PEP, at the time of initiating or continuing the commercial relationship with them; (iii) the Reporting Subject must require their clients to sign a sworn statement in which they state whether or not they are a PEP, not only at the beginning of the contractual relationship, but also in the event that their status as a PEP is modified (whether they become or cease to be a PEP); (iv) the clients must inform the PEP status of the beneficial owners, if applicable; and (v) the maintenance period of the PEP status is expressly regulated, being set at 2 years. Once this term has expired, the Reporting Subject shall evaluate the level of risk of the client or beneficial owner, taking into consideration the relevance of the function performed, the power of disposition and/or administration of funds, and the seniority in the public function exercised, among other relevant factors, for the analysis of the level of risk. PEPs due to kinship or closeness will maintain their status for the same time as that of the person with whom they have or have had the relationship.

CNV Regulations

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The CNV Rules stipulate, among other provisions, that the reporting subjects under its control shall only perform the operations provided for under the public offering system when these operations are performed or ordered by persons constituted, domiciled or resident in countries, domains, jurisdictions, territories or associated states not considered to be non-cooperative or high risk by the FATF. Similarly, they establish the payment modalities and control procedures for the reception and delivery of funds from and to clients.

Central Bank Rules

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Pursuant to Communication “A” 6399 of the Central Bank, as amended and supplemented, including without limitation, by Communication “A” 6709, Reporting Subjects must keep - for a period of 10 years - written records of the procedure applied in each case for the discontinuation of a client’s operations. Among these records, they shall keep a copy of any notification sent to the customer requesting further information and/or documentation, the corresponding notices of receipt and the documents identifying the officials who took part in the decision, in accordance with the respective procedural manuals.

Corporate Criminal Liability Law

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The Corporate Criminal Liability Law No. 27,401 sets forth a criminal liability regime applicable to legal entities involved in certain corruption offenses directly or indirectly committed in their name, on their behalf or in their interest and from which a benefit may arise. The individual offenders may be employees or third parties — even unauthorized third parties, provided that the company ratified the act, even tacitly.

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In accordance with such law, the Board of Directors has approved a Corruption and Anti-Bribery Policy that sets forth the ethical and compliance standards regarding officer corruption practices, under the scope of the Corporate Criminal Liability Law and

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the applicable international laws. The Board of Directors expressly prohibits this kind of practices and applies the same criterion in similar cases where private sector individual acts as counterparty.

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In turn, the Board of Directors has implemented a Code of Conduct applicable to all employees, contractors, suppliers and agents, with the prohibitions, restrictions and conditions imposed upon them under the Integrity Program approved by us, which was previously discussed by the Appointment and Corporate Government Committee.

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Item 4.COrganizational structure

The following diagram illustrates our organizational structure as of the date of this annual report. Percentages indicate the ownership interest held.

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The following information is related to our subsidiaries and investees as of the date of this annual report:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Jurisdiction of |  | Name under which the subsidiary does
Subsidiary | ​ | incorporation | ​ | business
Banco Supervielle S.A. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | Supervielle
Supervielle Seguros S.A. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | Supervielle Seguros
Supervielle Asset Management S.A. Sociedad Gerente de Fondos Comunes de Inversión S.A. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | Supervielle Asset Management / Premier
Espacio Cordial de Servicios S.A. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | Cordial
Micro Lending S.A.U. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | MILA
InvertirOnline S.A.U. (1) | ​ | Argentina | ​ | IOL invertironline
Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. (1) | ​ | Argentina | ​ | IOL invertironline / IOL inversiones / IOL Academy
Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros S.A. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | Supervielle Broker de Seguros
Supervielle Agente de Negociación S.A.U. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | Supervielle Agente de Negociación
Bolsillo Digital S.A.U. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | N/A
Sofital S.A.U.F. e I. | ​ | Argentina | ​ | N/A
IOL Holding S.A. | ​ | Uruguay | ​ | N/A
IOL Agente de Valores S.A. (1) | ​ | Uruguay | ​ | N/A

(1) InvertirOnline S.A.U., Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. and IOL Agente de Valores S.A. are subsidiaries of IOL Holding S.A.

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Banco Supervielle S.A.

We own 97.12% of the share capital of the Bank and Sofital owns 2.79%. The Bank is a universal commercial bank and our largest subsidiary. The Bank on an individual basis accounted for 94.6% of our total assets as of December 31, 2024. The Bank operates in Argentina, and substantially all of its customers, operations and assets are located in Argentina. It offers a wide variety of financial products and services to retail, corporate and institutional customers.

According to the information published by the Central Bank, as of December 31, 2024 we were one of the top 10 private banks in the Argentine financial system in terms of outstanding amount of loans and deposits. In terms of deposits, we had an estimated market share of 2.7% of daily average deposits in December 2024, ranking eighth among the total private banks in the Argentine financial system and eleventh among total banks in the Argentine financial system. In terms of total loans, we had an estimated market share of 2.9% as of daily average loans in December 2024, ranking seventh among the total private banks in the Argentine financial system and ninth among total banks in the Argentine financial system. As of December 31, 2024, the Bank on a consolidated basis had total assets of Ps.4,292 billion, a total loan portfolio of Ps.2,168 billion and total deposits of Ps.3,174 billion, and its attributable shareholders’ equity amounted to Ps.668.4 billion. For more information regarding the Bank’s business performance, see “—Business Segments.”

Espacio Cordial de Servicios S.A.

Espacio Cordial was created in October 2012 and began operating in December 2012. Espacio Cordial provides non-financial services in Argentina related to insurance, tourism, health care services, security and other contemplated in the bylaws of this business unit. We have direct service channels across the Bank’s branches located in Argentina. With respect to indirect channels, we reach open market customers through digital channels and third-party distributors.

Until March 4, 2024, Cordial Servicios owned 3.20% of the share capital of Sofital. On March 4, 2024, Grupo Supervielle purchased from Espacio Cordial all the shares that Espacio Cordial owned in Sofital S.A.U.F. and I., totaling 689,238 ordinary shares, non-transferable and with a nominal value of one Peso, each with one vote per share, representing 3.20% of the total shares of Sofital S.A.U.F. and I.

We own 95% of the share capital of Cordial Servicios and Sofital owns the remaining 5%. Until 2022, Grupo Supervielle had a Consumer Finance segment which included Cordial Servicios, among other subsidiaries. On December 1, 2023, the Central Bank approved the merger of IUDÚ into the Bank, and therefore IUDÚ and Tarjeta were merged into the Bank, effective January 2023. As a result of this merger, the Company reclassified financial figures from Consumer Finance segment in 2023 and allocated the results of Cordial Servicios in the Asset management & other segment.

For more information regarding the Espacio Cordial’s business performance, see “—Business Segments.”

Micro Lending S.A.U.

MILA is a company that provides car financing loans and was acquired by Grupo Supervielle on May 2, 2018. We own 100% of the share capital of MILA. MILA promotes origination of car loans for the purchase of cars through greater efficiency and capillarity of the commercial network, new financial products and the use of synergies within the companies of Grupo Supervielle.

Until 2022, Grupo Supervielle had a Consumer Finance segment which included MILA, among other subsidiaries. On December 1, 2023, the Central Bank approved the merger of IUDÚ into the Bank, and therefore IUDÚ and Tarjeta merged into the Bank, effective January 2023. As a result of this merger, the Company reclassified financial figures from Consumer Finance segment in 2023 and allocated the results of MILA in the Personal & Business Banking segment.

Supervielle Seguros S.A.

In June 2013, we and Sofital purchased 100% of the shares of Supervielle Seguros (formerly, Aseguradores de Créditos del Mercosur S.A.), which began to operate in October 2014.

Through Supervielle Seguros, the Company offers a wide range of insurance products to its clients. These are marketed through our network of branches, across various digital channels, and through the insurance specialized sales force which is focused on two major customer segments: Senior Citizens, and small businesses and SMEs.

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For more information regarding the Supervielle Seguros’ business performance, see “—Business Segments.”

Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros S.A.

On December 21, 2018, we created Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros and began to operate in the second half of 2019. Its purpose is to offer a wide range of products to clients in the small businesses, SMEs, and medium and large corporates segments, ensuring adequate coverage for their risks at competitive prices with the leading insurers in the market. As of the date of this annual report, the Company’s commercial focus on corporate insurance is on offering occupational risk administrator services, fleet, integral commerce, surety, and agricultural insurances, among others. We directly own 95.24% and indirectly own 100.0% of the share capital of Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros.

For information regarding Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros’ business performance, see “—Business Segments.”

Supervielle Asset Management S.A.

Supervielle Asset Management offers customized investment and savings solutions to its clients through investment funds. We participate in the mutual funds market through our “Premier” funds family.

We own 95% of the share capital of SAM and Sofital owns the remaining 5%.

For information regarding Supervielle Asset Management’s business performance, see “—Business Segments.”

I nvertironline S.A.U. and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U.

IOL invertironline is a digital online broker established 24 years ago that offers brokerage and savings and investment services based on an agile, simple, transparent and innovative platform, suitable for the profile of each client, with the objective of helping our clients increase their savings.

IOL invertironline offers investment alternatives in the Argentine stock market and in the United States and provides our customers with education tools on financing matters.

We indirectly own 100% of the share capital of InvertirOnline and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. through IOL Holding.

For information regarding IOL invertironline’s business performance, see “—Business Segments.”

Bolsillo Digital S.A.U.

On June 12, 2019, we created Bolsillo Digital. Bolsillo Digital is Grupo Supervielle’s PSP (“Payment Service Provider”) fintech business which is registered with the Argentine Central Bank. Bolsillo Digital offered in-person and digital payment and collection solutions to businesses. On August 5, 2021, Grupo Supervielle, within the framework of the commercial strategy for its payment services business, transferred all of its shares of Bolsillo Digital to its subsidiary Banco Supervielle S.A. Bolsillo Digital’s main activity until 2022 was to provide payment services under its brand Boldi. In February 2023, the Boldi app was permanently closed. As of the date of this annual report, Bolsillo Digital is in the process of being dissolved.

Supervielle Agente de Negociación S.A.U. (formerly, known as Futuros del Sur S.A.)

Supervielle Agente de Negociación provides trading agent services and is registered with the CNV. We acquired Supervielle Agente de Negociación in 2019 to expand our financial and investment services to institutional and corporate customers and increase cross selling in an efficient and profitable way.

We own 100% of the share capital of Supervielle Agente de Negociación.

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IOL Holding S.A. and IOL Agente de Valores. S.A.

On August 6, 2021, Grupo Supervielle acquired 95% of the shares of IOL Holding, a company incorporated in Uruguay. Sofital acquired the remaining 5% of the shares of IOL Holding.

On August 23, 2021, IOL Holding acquired 100% of the shares of IOL Agente de Valores S.A., a company incorporated in Uruguay which is expected to provide security dealer services. On June 16, 2022, the Central Bank of Uruguay authorized IOL Agente de Valores to act as a security dealer providing services to non-residents of Uruguay. IOL Agente de Valores S.A. is expected to provide its services through an online platform to non-residents of Uruguay who may be based in Latin America and seek to participate in the U.S. capital markets.

On May 14, 2024, Grupo Supervielle transferred all the shares of InvertirOnline S.A.U. and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. to IOL Holding and the shareholders’ meeting of IOL Holding approved the capitalization of the liabilities arising from the transfer. On May 15, 2024, Grupo Supervielle made a capital contribution to IOL Holding in cash in the amount of U.S.$7.7 million.

Sofital S.A.U.F. e I.

Sofital is a holding company that owns shares of the same companies owned by Grupo Supervielle. As of the date of this annual report, Sofital holds 2.7784% of the capital stock of the Bank, 5.0% of the capital stock of Cordial Servicios, 5.0% of the capital stock of Supervielle Seguros, 5.0% of the capital stock of SAM, 4.75903% of Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros and 0.0001% of IOL Holding. On March 19, 2024, our ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting approved the change of the legal status of Sofital to private single-entity limited company (“sociedad anónima unipersonal” or “S.A.U.”).

Item 4.DProperty, plants and equipment

The Bank owns 6,053 square meters of office space at Reconquista 330 and at San Martin 344 in Buenos Aires and Mendoza, for management, administrative and other commercial purposes and for central area personnel. The Bank also owns 15,196 square meters for retail branch properties in Mendoza, Córdoba, San Luis and Buenos Aires, and 639 square meters and 3,309 square meters of land in the City of San Luis and in the City of Mendoza, respectively.

Supervielle Seguros owns 1,953 square meters of office space located at Reconquista 330 in Buenos Aires.

The rest of our administrative buildings and offices (including our headquarters), branches, sales and collection centers and storage properties are leased pursuant to arm’s length agreements.

Item 4.ESelected Statistical Information

You should read this information in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, and the information under “Item 5.A. Operating Results” included elsewhere in this annual report. We prepared this information from our financial statements, which are prepared in conformity with IFRS. For further information, see Note 1.1 and Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

Average Balance Sheets, Interest earned on Interest-earning Assets and Interest Paid on Interest-bearing Liabilities

The average balances of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, including the related interest that is receivable and payable, are calculated on a daily basis.

Average balances have been separated between those denominated in Pesos and those denominated in U.S. dollars. The nominal interest rate is the amount of interest earned or paid during the period divided by the related average balance.

124

The following tables show average balances, interest amounts and nominal rates for our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​
​ |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos) |
ASSETS | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
Interest-Earning Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment Portfolio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government and Corporate Securities |  | 1,002,968,351 |  | 690,710,878 |  | 68.9 | % | 497,171,064 |  | 447,707,298 |  | 90.1 | % | 465,136,692 |  | 217,542,578 |  | 46.8 | %
Pesos |  | 925,785,639 |  | 664,707,955 |  | 71.8 | % | 347,502,470 |  | 320,076,269 |  | 92.1 | % | 374,701,781 | ​ | 193,531,035 |  | 51.6 | %
Dollars |  | 77,182,712 |  | 26,002,923 |  | 33.7 | % | 149,668,594 |  | 127,631,029 |  | 85.3 | % | 90,434,911 | ​ | 24,011,543 |  | 26.6 | %
Securities Issued by the Central Bank |  | 4,739,737 |  | 4,721,893 |  | 99.6 | % | 990,065,385 |  | 916,059,821 |  | 92.5 | % | 1,384,734,308 |  | 737,377,300 |  | 53.3 | %
Pesos |  | 2,203,496 |  | 4,721,893 |  | 214.3 | % | 984,967,298 |  | 916,059,821 |  | 93.0 | % | 1,384,734,308 | ​ | 737,377,300 |  | 53.3 | %
Dollars |  | 2,536,241 |  | — |  | — | % | 5,098,087 |  | — |  | — | % | — | ​ | — |  | — | %

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​
​ |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |
Total Investment Portfolio | ​ | 1,007,708,088 | ​ | 695,432,771 | ​ | 69.0 | % | 1,487,236,449 | ​ | 1,363,767,119 | ​ | 91.7 | % | 1,849,871,000 | ​ | 954,919,878 | ​ | 51.6 | %
Pesos | ​ | 927,989,135 | ​ | 669,429,848 | ​ | 72.1 | % | 1,332,469,768 | ​ | 1,236,136,090 | ​ | 92.8 | % | 1,759,436,089 | ​ | 930,908,335 | ​ | 52.9 | %
Dollars | ​ | 79,718,953 | ​ | 26,002,923 | ​ | 32.6 | % | 154,766,681 | ​ | 127,631,029 | ​ | 82.5 | % | 90,434,911 | ​ | 24,011,543 | ​ | 26.6 | %
Loans |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans to the Financial Sector |  | 8,946,788 |  | 3,626,147 |  | 40.5 | % | 5,277,190 |  | 2,823,071 |  | 53.5 | % | 1,370,592 |  | 580,877 |  | 42.4 | %
Pesos |  | 8,942,873 |  | 3,626,147 |  | 40.5 | % | 5,180,037 |  | 2,822,912 |  | 54.5 | % | 1,087,651 | ​ | 547,079 |  | 50.3 | %
Dollars |  | 3,915 |  | — |  | — | % | 97,153 |  | 159 |  | 0.2 | % | 282,941 | ​ | 33,798 |  | 11.9 | %
Overdrafts |  | 145,925,289 |  | 83,226,140 |  | 57.0 | % | 103,169,126 |  | 96,710,555 |  | 93.7 | % | 87,075,894 |  | 51,111,510 |  | 58.7 | %
Pesos |  | 145,908,907 |  | 83,226,140 |  | 57.0 | % | 103,169,126 |  | 96,710,555 |  | 93.7 | % | 87,071,497 | ​ | 51,111,510 |  | 58.7 | %
Dollars |  | 16,382 |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | 4,397 | ​ | — |  | — | %
Promissory notes |  | 184,266,346 |  | 93,035,284 |  | 50.5 | % | 193,073,474 |  | 146,926,625 |  | 76.1 | % | 296,780,797 |  | 139,431,514 |  | 47.0 | %
Pesos |  | 181,695,118 |  | 92,957,292 |  | 51.2 | % | 191,732,492 |  | 146,867,885 |  | 76.6 | % | 295,651,697 | ​ | 139,379,956 |  | 47.1 | %
Dollars |  | 2,571,228 |  | 77,992 |  | 3.0 | % | 1,340,982 |  | 58,740 |  | 4.4 | % | 1,129,100 | ​ | 51,558 |  | 4.6 | %
Mortgage loans |  | 170,089,141 |  | 145,917,120 |  | 85.8 | % | 152,838,348 |  | 135,796,467 |  | 88.8 | % | 171,973,859 |  | 122,835,538 |  | 71.4 | %
Pesos |  | 170,089,141 |  | 145,917,120 |  | 85.8 | % | 152,838,348 |  | 135,796,467 |  | 88.8 | % | 171,973,859 | ​ | 122,835,538 |  | 71.4 | %
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | %
Automobile and Other Secured Loans |  | 99,773,751 |  | 56,906,745 |  | 57.0 | % | 44,835,494 |  | 27,383,291 |  | 61.1 | % | 53,196,570 |  | 28,576,191 |  | 53.7 | %
Pesos |  | 99,773,751 |  | 56,906,745 |  | 57.0 | % | 44,835,494 |  | 27,383,291 |  | 61.1 | % | 53,196,570 | ​ | 28,576,191 |  | 53.7 | %
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | %
Personal Loans |  | 160,164,537 |  | 117,122,816 |  | 73.1 | % | 174,519,636 |  | 144,712,780 |  | 82.9 | % | 302,701,027 |  | 200,661,520 |  | 66.3 | %
Pesos |  | 160,164,537 |  | 117,122,816 |  | 73.1 | % | 174,519,636 |  | 144,712,780 |  | 82.9 | % | 302,701,027 | ​ | 200,661,520 |  | 66.3 | %
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | %
Corporate Unsecured Loans |  | 257,173,133 |  | 151,610,849 |  | 59.0 | % | 271,566,323 |  | 209,330,644 |  | 77.1 | % | 263,303,214 |  | 110,432,628 |  | 41.9 | %
Pesos |  | 257,173,133 |  | 151,610,849 |  | 59.0 | % | 271,566,323 |  | 209,330,644 |  | 77.1 | % | 263,303,214 | ​ | 110,432,628 |  | 41.9 | %
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | %
Credit Card Loans |  | 175,508,296 |  | 49,361,823 |  | 28.1 | % | 227,482,163 |  | 91,472,208 |  | 40.2 | % | 352,410,508 |  | 99,889,932 |  | 28.3 | %
Pesos |  | 170,107,036 |  | 49,361,821 |  | 29.0 | % | 221,118,298 |  | 91,472,103 |  | 41.4 | % | 343,219,112 | ​ | 99,889,457 |  | 29.1 | %
Dollars |  | 5,401,260 |  | 2 |  | — | % | 6,363,865 |  | 105 |  | — | % | 9,191,396 | ​ | 475 |  | — | %

​

​

125

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​
​ |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |
Receivables from Financial Leases |  | 69,801,710 |  | 27,419,703 |  | 39.3 | % | 61,883,600 |  | 38,910,900 |  | 62.9 | % | 76,874,177 |  | 31,059,131 |  | 40.4 | %
Pesos |  | 67,254,042 |  | 27,042,735 |  | 40.2 | % | 56,437,370 |  | 38,126,751 |  | 67.6 | % | 66,869,248 | ​ | 30,427,335 | ​ | 45.5 | %
Dollars |  | 2,547,668 |  | 376,968 |  | 14.8 | % | 5,446,230 |  | 784,149 |  | 14.4 | % | 10,004,929 | ​ | 631,796 | ​ | 6.3 | %
Total Loans excl. Foreign trade and U.S.$.loans |  | 1,271,648,991 |  | 728,226,627 |  | 57.3 | % | 1,234,645,354 |  | 894,066,541 |  | 72.4 | % | 1,605,686,638 |  | 784,578,841 |  | 48.9 | %
Pesos |  | 1,261,108,538 |  | 727,771,665 |  | 57.7 | % | 1,221,397,124 |  | 893,223,388 |  | 73.1 | % | 1,585,073,875 | ​ | 783,861,214 |  | 49.5 | %
Dollars |  | 10,540,453 |  | 454,962 |  | 4.3 | % | 13,248,230 |  | 843,153 |  | 6.4 | % | 20,612,763 | ​ | 717,627 |  | 3.5 | %
Foreign Trade Loans and U.S.$.loans |  | 188,577,196 |  | 9,591,092 |  | 5.1 | % | 85,647,587 |  | 6,925,017 |  | 8.1 | % | 133,424,871 |  | 8,732,829 |  | 6.5 | %
Pesos |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — | ​ | 1 |  | — | %
Dollars |  | 188,577,196 |  | 9,591,092 |  | 5.1 | % | 85,647,587 |  | 6,925,017 |  | 8.1 | % | 133,424,871 | ​ | 8,732,828 |  | 6.5 | %
Total Loans |  | 1,460,226,187 |  | 737,817,719 |  | 50.5 | % | 1,320,292,941 |  | 900,991,558 |  | 68.2 | % | 1,739,111,509 |  | 793,311,670 |  | 45.6 | %
Pesos |  | 1,261,108,538 |  | 727,771,665 |  | 57.7 | % | 1,221,397,124 |  | 893,223,388 |  | 73.1 | % | 1,585,073,875 | ​ | 783,861,215 |  | 49.5 | %
Dollars |  | 199,117,649 |  | 10,046,054 |  | 5.0 | % | 98,895,817 |  | 7,768,170 |  | 7.9 | % | 154,037,634 | ​ | 9,450,455 |  | 6.1 | %
Repo transactions |  | 437,217,958 |  | 431,072,078 |  | 98.6 | % | 603,910,624 |  | 485,599,764 |  | 80.4 | % | 145,283,088 |  | 71,888,189 |  | 49.5 | %
Pesos |  | 437,217,958 |  | 431,072,078 |  | 98.6 | % | 603,910,624 |  | 485,599,764 |  | 80.4 | % | 145,283,088 | ​ | 71,888,189 |  | 49.5 | %
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — | ​ | — |  | — | %
Total Interest-Earning Assets |  | 2,905,152,233 |  | 1,864,322,568 |  | 64.2 | % | 3,411,440,014 |  | 2,750,358,441 |  | 80.6 | % | 3,734,265,597 |  | 1,820,119,737 |  | 48.7 | %
Pesos |  | 2,626,315,631 |  | 1,828,273,591 |  | 69.6 | % | 3,157,777,516 |  | 2,614,959,242 |  | 82.8 | % | 3,489,793,052 | ​ | 1,786,657,739 |  | 51.2 | %
Dollars |  | 278,836,602 |  | 36,048,977 |  | 12.9 | % | 253,662,498 |  | 135,399,199 |  | 53.4 | % | 244,472,545 | ​ | 33,461,998 |  | 13.7 | %

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31,
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal
​ |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate
Non Interest-Earning Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | 614,950,752 |  |  |  |  |  | 441,261,265 |  |  |  |  |  | 467,479,441 |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 217,497,727 |  |  |  |  |  | 177,294,052 |  |  |  |  |  | 237,711,674 |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | 397,453,025 |  |  |  |  |  | 263,967,213 |  |  |  |  |  | 229,767,767 |  |  |  |
Premises and equipment and miscellaneous and intangible assets and unallocated items |  | 326,540,795 |  |  |  |  |  | 323,107,629 |  |  |  |  |  | 344,632,806 |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 326,540,795 |  |  |  |  |  | 323,107,629 |  |  |  |  |  | 344,632,806 |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses |  | (38,073,779) |  |  |  |  |  | (53,861,219) |  |  |  |  |  | (92,866,604) |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | (34,481,255) |  |  |  |  |  | (49,254,281) |  |  |  |  |  | (83,587,733) |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | (3,592,524) |  |  |  |  |  | (4,606,938) |  |  |  |  |  | (9,278,871) |  |  |  |
Other assets |  | 220,498,395 |  |  |  |  |  | 344,606,691 |  |  |  |  |  | 358,589,979 |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 211,866,651 |  |  |  |  |  | 333,335,768 |  |  |  |  |  | 350,054,081 |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | 8,631,744 |  |  |  |  |  | 11,270,923 |  |  |  |  |  | 8,535,898 |  |  |  |

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal
​ |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Earned |  | Rate
Total Non Interest-Earning Assets | ​ | 1,135,968,193 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1,055,114,366 | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | 1,077,835,622 | ​ |  | ​ |
Pesos | ​ | 733,475,948 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 784,483,168 | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | 848,810,828 | ​ |  | ​ |
Dollars | ​ | 402,492,245 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 270,631,198 | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | 229,024,794 | ​ |  | ​ |
Total Assets |  | 4,041,120,426 |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | 4,466,554,380 |  |  |  |  |  | 4,812,101,219 |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 3,359,791,579 |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | 3,942,260,684 |  |  |  |  |  | 4,338,603,880 |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | 681,328,847 |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | 524,293,696 |  |  |  |  |  | 473,497,339 |  |  |  |

​

​

126

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average |
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​
​ |  | Balance |  | Paid |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Paid |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Paid |  | Rate |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos) |
LIABILITIES | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |
Interest-Bearing Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Special Checking Accounts |  | 1,050,850,218 |  | 389,254,686 |  | 37.0 | % | 1,166,179,952 |  | 816,240,365 |  | 70.0 | % | 1,196,912,752 |  | 459,886,100 |  | 38.4 | %
Pesos |  | 810,864,840 |  | 386,783,388 |  | 47.7 | % | 1,024,551,523 |  | 815,903,800 |  | 79.6 | % | 1,067,281,436 | ​ | 459,551,747 |  | 43.1 | %
Dollars |  | 239,985,378 |  | 2,471,298 |  | 1.0 | % | 141,628,429 |  | 336,565 |  | 0.2 | % | 129,631,316 | ​ | 334,353 |  | 0.3 | %
Time Deposits |  | 859,333,687 |  | 471,880,282 |  | 54.9 | % | 1,130,002,871 |  | 956,011,925 |  | 84.6 | % | 1,329,353,668 |  | 642,743,676 |  | 48.4 | %
Pesos |  | 785,441,201 |  | 470,747,356 |  | 59.9 | % | 1,098,917,004 |  | 955,874,934 |  | 87.0 | % | 1,286,890,577 | ​ | 642,581,487 |  | 49.9 | %
Dollars |  | 73,892,486 |  | 1,132,926 |  | — | % | 31,085,867 |  | 136,991 |  | 0.4 | % | 42,463,091 | ​ | 162,189 |  | 0.4 | %
Borrowings from Other Financial Institutions and Unsub Negotiable Obligations |  | 40,966,279 |  | 14,400,143 |  | 35.2 | % | 27,036,820 |  | 13,923,940 |  | 51.5 | % | 42,544,724 |  | 15,952,324 |  | 37.5 | %
Pesos |  | 19,711,255 |  | 13,186,589 |  | 66.9 | % | 15,018,150 |  | 12,781,077 |  | 85.1 | % | 25,814,460 | ​ | 15,074,990 |  | 58.4 | %
Dollars |  | 21,255,024 |  | 1,213,554 |  | 5.7 | % | 12,018,670 |  | 1,142,863 |  | 9.5 | % | 16,730,264 | ​ | 877,334 |  | 5.2 | %
Subordinated Loans and Negotiable Obligations |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | %
Pesos |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — | ​ | — |  | — | %
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — | % | — |  | — |  | — | % | — | ​ | — |  | — | %
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities |  | 1,951,150,184 |  | 875,535,111 |  | 44.9 | % | 2,323,219,643 |  | 1,786,176,230 |  | 76.9 | % | 2,568,811,144 |  | 1,118,582,100 |  | 43.5 | %
Pesos |  | 1,616,017,296 |  | 870,717,333 |  | 53.9 | % | 2,138,486,677 |  | 1,784,559,811 |  | 83.4 | % | 2,379,986,473 | ​ | 1,117,208,224 |  | 46.9 | %
Dollars |  | 335,132,888 |  | 4,817,778 |  | 1.4 | % | 184,732,966 |  | 1,616,419 |  | 0.9 | % | 188,824,671 | ​ | 1,373,876 |  | 0.7 | %

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average |
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Interest | ​ | Nominal |
​ |  | Balance |  | Paid |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Paid |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Paid |  | Rate |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos) |
Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits |  | 725,849,911 |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | 921,378,747 |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | 1,080,128,061 |  | ​ |  |  |
Savings Accounts |  | 416,473,153 |  | 4,183,547 |  | 1.0 | % | 493,139,733 |  | 4,193,686 |  | 0.9 | % | 608,629,501 |  | 2,389,190 |  | 0.4 | %
Pesos |  | 225,951,831 |  | 4,132,270 |  | 1.8 | % | 341,581,901 |  | 4,156,459 |  | 1.2 | % | 458,839,191 | ​ | 2,350,245 |  | 0.5 | %
Dollars |  | 190,521,322 |  | 51,277 |  | — | % | 151,557,832 |  | 37,227 |  | — | % | 149,790,310 | ​ | 38,945 |  | — | %
Checking Accounts |  | 309,376,758 |  |  |  |  |  | 428,239,014 |  |  |  |  |  | 471,498,560 |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 293,126,772 |  |  |  |  |  | 409,095,571 |  |  |  |  |  | 451,160,143 |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | 16,249,986 |  |  |  |  |  | 19,143,443 |  |  |  |  |  | 20,338,417 |  |  |  |  |
Other Liabilities |  | 570,413,343 |  |  |  |  |  | 550,879,653 |  |  |  |  |  | 504,436,742 |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 465,343,620 |  |  |  |  |  | 519,301,107 |  |  |  |  |  | 461,285,737 |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | 105,069,723 |  |  |  |  |  | 31,578,546 |  |  |  |  |  | 43,151,005 |  |  |  |  |
Non-Controlling Interest Result |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | 2,821,457 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,075,423 |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | 2,821,457 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,075,423 |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  | 793,706,989 |  |  |  |  |  | 668,254,878 |  |  |  |  |  | 656,649,850 |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 793,706,989 |  |  |  |  |  | 668,254,878 |  |  |  |  |  | 656,649,850 |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Total Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits |  | 2,089,970,243 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,143,334,735 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,243,290,076 |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 1,778,129,212 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,941,054,914 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,030,010,344 |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | 311,841,031 |  |  |  |  |  | 202,279,821 |  |  |  |  |  | 213,279,732 |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ equity |  | 4,041,120,427 |  |  |  |  |  | 4,466,554,378 |  |  |  |  |  | 4,812,101,220 |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 3,394,146,508 |  |  |  |  |  | 4,079,541,591 |  |  |  |  |  | 4,409,996,817 |  |  |  |  |
Dollars |  | 646,973,919 |  |  |  |  |  | 387,012,787 |  |  |  |  |  | 402,104,403 |  |  |  |  |

​

​

Changes in Interest Income and Interest Expense; Volume and Rate Analysis

The following tables allocate, by currency of denomination, changes in our interest income and interest expense. The changes are segregated for each major category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities into amounts attributable to changes in the average volume and changes in their respective nominal interest rates for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, and for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. We have calculated volume variances based on movements in average balances over the period and rate variance based on changes in interest rates on average interest-earning assets and average interest-bearing liabilities. We have allocated variances caused by changes in both volume and rate to volume. As stated above under “Presentation of Financial and Other Information,” we have prepared our audited consolidated financial statements for 2024, 2023 and 2022 under IFRS.

​

127

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,
​ | ​ | 2024/2023 |  | 2023/2022
​ | ​ | Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net
​ |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Net Change |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Change
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos)
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-Earning Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment Portfolio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government and Corporate Securities |  | 390,782,927 |  | (147,779,347) |  | 243,003,580 |  | 25,459,334 |  | 204,705,385 |  | 230,164,719
Pesos |  | 415,203,484 |  | (70,571,798) |  | 344,631,686 |  | (25,052,639) |  | 151,597,873 |  | 126,545,234
Dollars |  | (24,420,557) |  | (77,207,549) |  | (101,628,106) |  | 50,511,973 |  | 53,107,512 |  | 103,619,485
Securities Issued by the Central Bank |  | (2,105,974,105) |  | 1,194,636,177 |  | (911,337,928) |  | (371,799,649) |  | 550,482,170 |  | 178,682,521
Pesos |  | (2,105,974,105) |  | 1,194,636,177 |  | (911,337,928) |  | (371,799,649) |  | 550,482,170 |  | 178,682,521
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Total Investment Portfolio |  | (1,715,191,178) |  | 1,046,856,830 |  | (668,334,348) |  | (346,340,315) |  | 755,187,555 |  | 408,847,240
Pesos |  | (1,690,770,621) |  | 1,124,064,379 |  | (566,706,242) |  | (396,852,288) |  | 702,080,043 |  | 305,227,755
Dollars |  | (24,420,557) |  | (77,207,549) |  | (101,628,106) |  | 50,511,973 |  | 53,107,512 |  | 103,619,485
Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans to the Financial Sector |  | 1,525,751 |  | (722,675) |  | 803,076 |  | 2,229,882 |  | 12,313 |  | 2,242,195
Pesos |  | 1,525,751 |  | (722,516) |  | 803,235 |  | 2,230,186 |  | 45,648 |  | 2,275,834
Dollars |  | — |  | (159) |  | (159) |  | (304) |  | (33,335) |  | (33,639)
Overdrafts |  | 24,378,683 |  | (37,863,098) |  | (13,484,415) |  | 15,089,889 |  | 30,509,156 |  | 45,599,045
Pesos |  | 24,378,683 |  | (37,863,098) |  | (13,484,415) |  | 15,089,889 |  | 30,509,156 |  | 45,599,045
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Promissory Notes |  | (5,097,918) |  | (48,793,423) |  | (53,891,341) |  | (79,593,262) |  | 87,088,373 |  | 7,495,111
Pesos |  | (5,135,235) |  | (48,775,358) |  | (53,910,593) |  | (79,602,543) |  | 87,090,472 |  | 7,487,929
Dollars |  | 37,317 |  | (18,065) |  | 19,252 |  | 9,281 |  | (2,099) |  | 7,182
Mortgage loans |  | 14,799,217 |  | (4,678,564) |  | 10,120,653 |  | (17,001,851) |  | 29,962,780 |  | 12,960,929
Pesos |  | 14,799,217 |  | (4,678,564) |  | 10,120,653 |  | (17,001,851) |  | 29,962,780 |  | 12,960,929
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Automobile and Other Secured Loans |  | 31,334,468 |  | (1,811,014) |  | 29,523,454 |  | (5,106,530) |  | 3,913,630 |  | (1,192,900)
Pesos |  | 31,334,468 |  | (1,811,014) |  | 29,523,454 |  | (5,106,530) |  | 3,913,630 |  | (1,192,900)
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Personal Loans |  | (10,497,390) |  | (17,092,574) |  | (27,589,964) |  | (106,288,816) |  | 50,340,076 |  | (55,948,740)
Pesos |  | (10,497,390) |  | (17,092,574) |  | (27,589,964) |  | (106,288,816) |  | 50,340,076 |  | (55,948,740)
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Corporate Unsecured Loans |  | (8,485,193) |  | (49,234,602) |  | (57,719,795) |  | 6,369,427 |  | 92,528,589 |  | 98,898,016
Pesos |  | (8,485,193) |  | (49,234,602) |  | (57,719,795) |  | 6,369,427 |  | 92,528,589 |  | 98,898,016
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Credit Card Loans |  | (14,802,496) |  | (27,307,889) |  | (42,110,385) |  | (50,510,648) |  | 42,092,924 |  | (8,417,724)
Pesos |  | (14,802,496) |  | (27,307,786) |  | (42,110,282) |  | (50,510,601) |  | 42,093,247 |  | (8,417,354)
Dollars |  | — |  | (103) |  | (103) |  | (47) |  | (323) |  | (370)
Receivables from Financial Leases |  | 3,920,477 |  | (15,411,674) |  | (11,491,197) |  | (7,703,707) |  | 15,555,476 |  | 7,851,769
Pesos |  | 4,349,365 |  | (15,433,381) |  | (11,084,016) |  | (7,047,345) | ​ | 14,746,761 | ​ | 7,699,416
Dollars |  | (428,888) |  | 21,707 |  | (407,181) |  | (656,362) | ​ | 808,715 | ​ | 152,353
Total Loans excl. Foreign trade and U.S.$.loans |  | 37,075,599 |  | (202,915,513) |  | (165,839,914) |  | (242,515,616) |  | 352,003,317 |  | 109,487,701
Pesos |  | 37,467,170 |  | (202,918,893) |  | (165,451,723) |  | (241,868,184) | ​ | 351,230,359 | ​ | 109,362,175
Dollars |  | (391,571) |  | 3,380 |  | (388,191) |  | (647,432) | ​ | 772,958 | ​ | 125,526
Foreign Trade Loans and U.S.$.loans |  | 5,235,030 |  | (2,568,955) |  | 2,666,075 |  | (3,863,022) |  | 2,055,211 |  | (1,807,811)
Pesos |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Dollars |  | 5,235,030 |  | (2,568,955) |  | 2,666,075 |  | (3,863,022) | ​ | 2,055,211 | ​ | (1,807,811)
Total Loans |  | 42,310,629 |  | (205,484,468) |  | (163,173,839) |  | (246,378,638) |  | 354,058,528 |  | 107,679,890
Pesos |  | 37,467,170 |  | (202,918,893) |  | (165,451,723) |  | (241,868,184) |  | 351,230,359 |  | 109,362,175
Dollars | ​ | 4,843,459 | ​ | (2,565,575) | ​ | 2,277,884 | ​ | (4,510,454) | ​ | 2,828,169 | ​ | (1,682,285)

​

128

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,
​ | ​ | 2024/2023 |  | 2023/2022
​ | ​ | Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in
​ |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Net Change |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Net Change
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
Repo transactions |  | (164,349,503) |  | 109,821,817 |  | (54,527,686) |  | 368,778,780 |  | 44,932,795 |  | 413,711,575
Pesos |  | (164,349,503) |  | 109,821,817 |  | (54,527,686) |  | 368,778,780 |  | 44,932,795 |  | 413,711,575
Dollars |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Total Interest-Earning Assets |  | (122,038,874) |  | (95,662,651) |  | (217,701,525) |  | 122,400,142 |  | 398,991,323 |  | 521,391,465
Pesos |  | (126,882,333) |  | (93,097,076) |  | (219,979,409) |  | 126,910,596 |  | 396,163,154 |  | 523,073,750
Dollars |  | 4,843,459 |  | (2,565,575) |  | 2,277,884 |  | (4,510,454) |  | 2,828,169 |  | (1,682,285)
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-Bearing Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time Deposits |  | (187,222,682) |  | (296,908,961) |  | (484,131,643) |  | (163,555,868) |  | 476,824,117 |  | 313,268,249
Pesos |  | (187,878,997) |  | (297,248,581) |  | (485,127,578) |  | (163,505,730) | ​ | 476,799,177 |  | 313,293,447
Dollars |  | 656,315 |  | 339,620 |  | 995,935 |  | (50,138) | ​ | 24,940 |  | (25,198)
Special Checking Accounts |  | (100,915,923) |  | (326,069,756) |  | (426,985,679) |  | (33,999,548) |  | 390,353,813 |  | 356,354,265
Pesos |  | (101,928,774) |  | (327,191,638) |  | (429,120,412) |  | (34,028,058) | ​ | 390,380,111 |  | 356,352,053
Dollars |  | 1,012,851 |  | 1,121,882 |  | 2,134,733 |  | 28,510 | ​ | (26,298) |  | 2,212
Borrowings from Other Financial Institutions and Unsub Negotiable Obligations |  | 3,666,979 |  | (3,190,776) |  | 476,203 |  | (9,636,142) |  | 7,607,758 |  | (2,028,384)
Pesos |  | 3,139,630 |  | (2,734,118) |  | 405,512 |  | (9,188,114) | ​ | 6,894,201 |  | (2,293,913)
Dollars |  | 527,349 |  | (456,658) |  | 70,691 |  | (448,028) | ​ | 713,557 |  | 265,529
Subordinated Loans and Negotiable Obligations | ​ | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Pesos | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Dollars | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities |  | (284,471,626) |  | (626,169,493) |  | (910,641,119) |  | (207,191,558) |  | 874,785,688 |  | 667,594,130
Pesos |  | (286,668,141) |  | (627,174,337) |  | (913,842,478) |  | (206,721,902) | ​ | 874,073,489 |  | 667,351,587
Dollars |  | 2,196,515 |  | 1,004,844 |  | 3,201,359 |  | (469,656) | ​ | 712,199 |  | 242,543
Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings Accounts |  | (2,104,188) |  | 2,094,049 |  | (10,139) |  | (1,426,384) |  | 3,230,880 |  | 1,804,496
Pesos |  | (2,114,675) |  | 2,090,486 |  | (24,189) |  | (1,426,818) | ​ | 3,233,032 |  | 1,806,214
Dollars |  | 10,487 |  | 3,563 |  | 14,050 |  | 434 | ​ | (2,152) |  | (1,718)

​

​

129

​

Interest-earning Assets: Net Interest Margin and Spread

The following table analyzes, by currency of denomination, our levels of average interest-earning assets and net interest income, and illustrates the comparative margins and spreads for each of the years indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Average interest-earning assets(1)(2) |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Pesos |  | 2,626,315,631 |  | 3,157,777,516 |  | 3,489,793,052 |
Dollars |  | 278,836,602 |  | 253,662,498 |  | 244,472,545 |
Total |  | 2,905,152,233 |  | 3,411,440,014 |  | 3,734,265,597 |
Net interest earned |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 953,423,988 |  | 826,242,972 |  | 667,099,270 |
Dollars |  | 31,179,922 |  | 133,745,553 |  | 32,049,177 |
Total |  | 984,603,910 |  | 959,988,525 |  | 699,148,447 |
Net Interest Margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 36.3 | % | 26.2 | % | 19.1 | %
Dollars |  | 11.2 | % | 52.7 | % | 13.1 | %
Weighted average yield(3) |  | 33.9 | % | 28.1 | % | 18.7 | %
Yield Spread |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 22.1 | % | 10.7 | % | 11.8 | %
Dollars |  | 12.0 | % | 52.9 | % | 13.3 | %
Weighted interest spread(4) |  | 27.0 | % | 17.1 | % | 13.5 | %
Gross Yield |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 69.6 | % | 82.8 | % | 51.2 | %
Dollars |  | 12.9 | % | 53.4 | % | 13.7 | %

(1) | Includes all loans, leasing agreements and investments (including public and private bonds and Central Bank notes) and other receivables from financial intermediation that earn interest.

(2) | These figures represent daily averages.

(3) | Takes into account the average interest earned on interest-earning assets and is weighted in accordance with the volume of each asset.

(4) | Takes into account the average interest earned on interest-earning assets, net of average interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

​

130

Investment Portfolio

We own, manage and trade a portfolio of securities issued by the Argentine government, the Central Bank, and other public sector and corporate issuers. The following table sets out our investments in Argentina and other governments and corporate securities, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 by type and currency of denomination.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos ) | ​
Debt Securities at fair value through profit or loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
LOCAL | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Government securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Treasury bonds Nac ARS Cap Mat 10/17/25 |  | 21,362,129 |  | — |
Treasury bonds Nac ARS Mat 12/15/25 |  | 11,305,131 |  | — |
Treasury bonds Nac ARS Cap Mat 02/13/26 |  | 19,126,669 |  | — |
Treasury bill Cap ARS Mat.05/16/25 |  | 12,096,454 |  | — |
Treasury bonds ARS Adj. CER Mat.02/14/25 |  | 20,358,850 |  | 15,482,713 |
Treasury bill Cap ARS Mat.09/30/25 |  | 11,701,987 |  | — |
Treasury bill Cap ARS Mat.06/18/25 | ​ | 23,274,428 |  | — | ​
Treasury bill Cap ARS Mat.04/28/25 |  | 14,300,708 |  | — |
Treasury bonds Nac ARS Mat.03/31/26 |  | 9,625,518 |  | — |
Treasury bill Cap ARS Mat.08/15/25 |  | 5,817,989 |  | — |
Treasury bonds CER 2% ARS 2026 |  | 3,188,423 |  | — |
Bontes ARS A Disc Adj. CER Mat 12/15/26 | ​ | 3,826,564 |  | — | ​
Treasury bonds USD Step Up 2030 | ​ | 992,475 |  | — | ​
Treasury bonds Usd Step Up 2035 | ​ | 16,728 |  | — | ​
Global bonds. L.E. 2035 | ​ | 108,342 |  | — | ​
Global bonds Arg. L.E. 2030 | ​ | 146,346 |  | — | ​
Global bonds Usd 1% 2029 | ​ | 4,647 |  | — | ​
Global bonds Usd Step Up 2041 | ​ | 29,668 |  | — | ​
Treasury bonds Nat Capitalizable ARS Mat. 03/14/25 |  | 3,088,097 |  | — |
Treasury bonds Nat Capitalizable ARS Mat 06/30/25 |  | 8,410 |  | — |
Treasury bonds Nat Capitalizable ARS Mat 01/31/2025 |  | 1,803,238 |  | — |
Lecap Mat 03/31/2025 |  | 143,020 |  | — |
Treasury bonds Nat ARS Cer 06/30/25 |  | 1,886,580 |  | — |
Bono Rep Arg Aj Cer Mat 06/30/26 ARS Cg |  | 1,615,432 |  | — |
Treasury bill Nat Cap ARS Mat 02/28/25 | ​ | 1,635,733 |  | — | ​
Treasury bills Cap ARS Mat. 06/30/2025 |  | 10,866,133 |  | — |
Treasury bills Cap ARS Mat.08/29/2025 |  | 835,843 |  | — |
Treasury bills Cap ARS Mat. 04/16/2025 | ​ | 8,719,292 |  | — | ​
Treasury bill Cap ARS Mat 07/31/25 | ​ | 1,267,220 |  | — | ​
Treasury bills Cap ARS Mat.10/31/25 | ​ | 844,965 |  | — | ​
Treasury bonds Cap ARS Mat 01/30/26 | ​ | 1,811,031 |  | — | ​
Treasury bonds Adj CER Mat 05/31/2025 | ​ | 2,061,130 |  | — | ​
Bono Nación Dual Mat.02/28/24 | ​ | — |  | 8,595,577 | ​
Treasury bonds ARS Adj CER Mat.10/14/24 | ​ | — |  | 7,968,960 | ​
Treasury bonds Vinc U$S Mat.04/30/24 C.G | ​ | — |  | 4,280,009 | ​
Treasury bonds Dual currency Mat 08/30/24 | ​ | — |  | 21,564,370 | ​
Others | ​ | 38,115,314 |  | 32,393,975 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Securities issued by the Central Bank | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Bopreal S.1 B Mat.10/31/27 U$S | ​ | 453,815 |  | — | ​
Bopreal S.1 A Mat.10/31/27 U$S | ​ | 260,688 |  | — | ​
Bopreal S.1 D Mat.10/31/27 U$S | ​ | 93,617 |  | — | ​
Bopreal S.1 C Mat.10/31/27 U$S | ​ | 93,486 |  | — | ​
Bopreal S.3 Mat.05/31/26 U$S | ​ | 101,733 |  | — | ​
Bopreal S. 2 Mat.06/30/25 U$S | ​ | 28,763 |  | — | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Corporate Securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
VDFF Individual Milaires UVA Mat.12/26/28 | ​ | 3,526,280 |  | — | ​
ON Petroquimica U$S Cl.Q Mat.16/07/27 | ​ | 1,118,000 |  | — | ​
ON Bco de Serv y Trans $ 18 Mat 06/17/25 | ​ | 1,010,643 |  | — | ​
ON Telecom U$S CL.16 Mat.07/21/25 | ​ | 902,587 |  | — | ​
ON Pan American Energy U$S 7 Mat.11/19/25 | ​ | 856,943 |  | — | ​
ON Petro ACON ARS Cl.14 Mat.09/04/25 |  | 619,540 |  | — |
ON Cia Gen.Comb U$S Mat. 02/28/26 |  | 479,253 |  | — |
ON Pyme SiON CL13 Mat 01/18/27 UVA |  | 387,635 |  | — |
ON P Argensun U$S Mat.12/14/26 |  | 364,356 |  | — |
ON Irsa Inver y Rep C19 Mat.02/28/25 $ | ​ | 340,395 |  | — | ​
ON YPF Ener.Elec. C.12 Mat. 08/29/26 U$S Cg | ​ | 575 |  | 171 | ​
ON BCO SUPV H | ​ | 2,846,643 |  | — | ​
ON BCO SUPV USD | ​ | 570,000 |  | — | ​
ON LOMA NEGRA Mat. 12/21/2025 | ​ | 586 |  | — | ​
ON LOMA NEGRA Mat. 03/11/2026 | ​ | 20 |  | — | ​
YMCQO - ON YPF Mat. 02/13/2026 | ​ | 6,042 |  | — | ​
ON Edemsa Cl.1 Uva Mat.05/06/26 | ​ | 293,511 |  | — | ​
ON Edemsa Clase 4 Mat.11/29/2025 | ​ | 1,499,167 |  | — | ​
ON Cresud Cl 43 Badlar Mat.01/17/2025 | ​ | 323,214 |  | — | ​
ON Albanesi Cl 14 Badlar Mat.02/14/2025 | ​ | 631,332 |  | — | ​
ON Gemsa Cl 30 Uva Mat. 03/08/2027 | ​ | 1,197,897 |  | — | ​
Others | ​ | 13,340,987 |  | 10,791,003 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total debt securities |  | 263,332,202 |  | 101,076,778 |

​

131

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
OTHER DEBT SECURITIES |  |  |  |
Measure at fair value through changes in Other Comprehensive Income |  |  |  |
LOCAL |  |  |  |
Government securities |  |  |  |
Treasury Bills liquidity ARS Mat.07/17/25 |  | 90,188,363 |  | —
Treasury Bonds U$S STEP UP 2030 |  | 22,012,500 |  | —
TD P Muni Cba Gar 2024 S.1 ARS Vto 09/09/26 |  | 214,809 |  | —
Treasury Bonds Nac ARS Cap Mat. 10/17/2025 |  | 108,139 |  | —
Treasury Bonds ARS Adj.CER Mat.02/14/25 |  | — |  | 23,225,977
Treasury Bonds ARS Adj.CER1,50% Mat.03/25/24 |  | — |  | 3,549,828
Treasury bonds Dual currency Mat 06/30/24 |  | — |  | 80,150
Treasury bonds Dual currency February 2024 |  | — |  | 830,768
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Corporate Securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
ON Cia Gen Comb. Mat 10/10/27 U$S | ​ | 6,894,324 | ​ | —
ON Msu Green Energy Cl.3 U$S | ​ | 5,152,923 | ​ | —
ON Edemsa CL.1 UVA Mat.05/06/26 | ​ | 4,090,561 | ​ | —
ON Genneia Cl.47 Mat 10/18/28 U$S | ​ | 3,978,056 | ​ | —
ON John Deere CredMat 10/21/26 U$S | ​ | 3,391,678 | ​ | —
ON Oiltanking Ebytem Mat 11/01/28 U$S | ​ | 3,122,671 | ​ | —
ON Cresud S31 Mat 11/15/28 U$S | ​ | 3,121,796 | ​ | —
VDFF Mercado Crédito 26 Mat 08/15/25 $ | ​ | 2,992,875 | ​ | 3,430,202
ON Petroquímica Mat 10/22/28 U$S | ​ | 2,968,083 | ​ | —
ON Pan American Ener Mat 11/13/28 U$S | ​ | 2,742,194 | ​ | —
ON NEWSAN CL . 15 Mat.05/19/24 WNCGO | ​ | — | ​ | —
ON PYME ALZ SEMILLAS 7 Mat.09/29/25 |  | 246,025 | ​ | 369,443
ON SPI ENERGY SA CL.1 US$ Mat.06/27/26 |  | 816,299 | ​ | 6,629,595
Others | ​ | 56,107,963 | ​ | 23,445,882
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

132

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Measure at amortized cost | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
LOCAL |  | ​ |  |
Government securities |  |  |  |
Bontes ARS a Disc Adj CER Mat.12/15/26 | ​ | 139,439,426 |  | —
Treasury bonds adj CER 2% ARS Mat.09/11/26 |  | 51,414,442 |  | —
Bonte ARS Mat.08/23/25 | ​ | 41,534,063 |  | 34,297,172
Bontes ARS a disc Adj. CER Mat.12/15/25 | ​ | 37,927,368 |  | —
Treasury bonds Nac Adj.CER Mat.06/30/25 ARS | ​ | 46,127,816 |  | —
Treasury bonds ARS Adj CER Mat.06/30/26 | ​ | 33,292,835 |  | —
Treasury bills Cap ARS Mat.06/30/25 | ​ | 23,300,985 |  | —
Treasury bonds Nac Mat.06/3025 UARSS | ​ | 20,244,343 |  | —
Treasury bills Cap ARS Mat.05/16/25 | ​ | 17,142,838 |  | —
Treasury bills Cap ARS Mat.03/14/25 |  | 17,190,489 |  | —
Treasury bills CapARS Mat. 04/16/25 | ​ | 1,365,013 |  | —
Treasury bills CapARS Mat.08/15/25 | ​ | 295,110 |  | —
Treasury bills CapARS Mat.05/16/2025 | ​ | 50,996 |  | —
Treasury bonds ARS zero Cupón Adj CER Mat 05/30/25 | ​ | 1,022,132 |  | —
Treasury bonds Adj CER Mat. 10/30/26 | ​ | 284,269 |  | —
Treasury bonds Nac ARS zero Cupón Adj CER Mat 03/31/27 | ​ | 1,137,548 |  | —
Treasury bonds Nac ARS zero Cupón Adj CER Mat 03/31/26 | ​ | 6,398,590 |  | —
Treasury bonds. ARS Adj CER 4,25% Mat. 02/14/2025 | ​ | 193 |  | —
Treasury bonds Nac Cap ARS Mat 02/13/26 | ​ | 456,087 |  | —
Treasury bills Nac Cap ARS Mat 08/15/25 | ​ | 111,191 |  | —
Treasury bills Nac Cap ARS Mat 03/31/25 | ​ | 751,175 |  | —
Treasury bills Nac Cap ARS Mat 09/12/25 | ​ | 452,705 |  | —
Treasury bonds ARS Adj. CER Mat.02/14/25 | ​ | — |  | 163,376,125
Treasury bonds ARS Adj. CER Mat.10/14/24 | ​ | — |  | 33,152,398
Treasury bonds ARS Adj.CER 4,25% Mat 12/13/24 | ​ | — |  | 32,213,360
Treasury bonds ARS Mat.05/23/27 | ​ | — |  | 28,259,288
Bonte Badlar ARS Mat. 11/23/27 | ​ | — |  | 11,030,980
Treasury bonds ARS Adj. CER 4,25% Mat. 02/14/25 | ​ | — |  | 4,818,434
Treasury bonds Nac ARS Adj. CER 4% Mat.10/14/24 | ​ | — |  | 7,377,035
Treasury bonds Nac Adj.CER Mat. 02/14/25 | ​ | — |  | 1,733,166
Others | ​ | 163,602,358 |  | —
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Securities issued by the Central Bank | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Central Bank liquidity Bills Mat.01/11/24 | ​ | — | ​ | 142,017,006
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat.11/16/24 | ​ | — | ​ | 13,204,370
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat.11/15/24 | ​ | — | ​ | 9,507,146
Securities issued by the Central Bank Mat.11/14/24 | ​ | — | ​ | 880,290
​ | ​ | — | ​ | —
Corporate Securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pagaré U$S Mat.05/13/25 | ​ | 506,426 | ​ | —
Pagaré U$S Mat.10/18/24 | ​ | 266,243 | ​ | —
FF Red Surcos XXXIII | ​ | 228,754 | ​ | —
Pagaré U$S Mat. 04/24/25 | ​ | 203,089 | ​ | —
ON Msu CL 6 U$S Mat.11/02/24 | ​ | — | ​ | 2,659,920
ON Gn Medi/CT Roca 17 U$S Mat.11/07/24 | ​ | — | ​ | 891,289
Pagaré U$S Mat. 10/18/24 | ​ | — | ​ | —
Others | ​ | — | ​ | 34
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total other debt securities |  | 812,895,743 |  | 546,979,858
Investments in equity instruments |  |  |  |
Measured at fair value through profit and loss |  |  |  |
LOCAL |  |  |  |
Ternium Arg S.A.Ords.”A”1 Voto Esc |  | 22,695 |  | 2,424
Holcim Arg |  | 10,850 |  | 15,718
Aluar SA |  | 3,139 |  | 68
Cedear SPDR Dow Jones Ind | ​ | 2,479 |  | 3,926
Cedear SPDR S&P | ​ | 2,312 |  | 3,327
Cedear Financial Select Sector | ​ | 2,235 |  | 3,114
Cedear Ishares MSCI Brasil | ​ | 631 |  | 1,744
Pampa Energía S.A. | ​ | — |  | 57,135
Edenor SA | ​ | — |  | 12,628
Loma Negra S.A. | ​ | — |  | 5,252
Acciones Banco Galicia | ​ | 8,017 |  | —
Others |  | — |  | 1,573
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Measured at fair value through changes in Other Comprehensive Income |  |  |  |
LOCAL |  |  |  |
Others |  | 658,372 | (1)​ | 690,073
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total investments in equity instruments |  | 710,730 |  | 796,982
Total |  | 1,076,938,675 |  | 648,853,618

(1) | Includes an equity investment in Modo of Ps.113,015 thousand. The Bank owns 2.2889% of the shares of Modo, which is a company fully owned by most banks operating in Argentina. It developed and launched Modo in late 2020 as a way to send and receive money with people you know, using their mobile phone numbers as ID without the need for a CBU, alias account number or CVU (uniform virtual key). In the beggining of 2021 also added a Peer to Merchant solution for payments through a QR code. Modo is a standalone app or it can be embedded in the banking apps and is a strong player in the digital payment segment.

​

133

The following table sets out the weighted average yield for each range of maturities, to debt securities that are not held at fair value:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, 2024 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | After 5 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | After 1 year | ​ | year | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Debt securities that are not held at | ​ | Within 1 | ​ | through | ​ | through | ​ | After 10 | ​ | ​ | ​
fair value |  | year |  | 5 years |  | 10 years |  | years |  | Total | ​
Weighted average yield | ​ | 15.5 | % | 8.3 | % | — | ​ | — | ​ | 11.7 | %

​

The weighted average yield was calculated as the sum of each bond’s returns divided by the sum of each bond’s average holding considering their remaining maturity.

The following table sets out the aggregate book value of securities from a single issuer that exceeds 10% of Grupo Supervielle Shareholder’s Equity:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | %Shareholder´s |
Single Issuer | ​ | 12/31/2024 | ​ | Equity | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages) | ​
Argentine government(1) | ​ | 1,032,102 | ​ | 0.13 | %
Central Bank |  | 949,082,379 |  | — | %
​ |  | 950,114,481 | ​ | ​ | ​

(1) Includes Ps.52.1 billion of Treasury Bonds considered in the minimum reserve requirements.

​

Loans and other Financing

Our loan and other financing portfolio are included in Note 25 to our audited consolidated financial statements. Loans and The Other Financing of our audited consolidated financial statements.

Maturity Composition of the Loan and Other Financing

The following table analyzes our loan and other financing as of December 31, 2024 by type and by the time remaining to maturity. Loans and other financings are stated before deduction of allowances for loan losses.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | Maturing as of December 31, 2024
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | After 1 | ​ | After 5 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | year | ​ | year | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Within 1 | ​ | through | ​ | through | ​ | After 15 | ​ | ​
​ |  | year |  | 5 years |  | 15 years |  | years |  | Total
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages)
Loans and other financing | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
To the non-financial public sector |  | 3,044,334 |  | 187,500 |  | — |  | — |  | 3,231,834
To the financial sector |  | 16,278,750 |  | 4,127,889 |  | — |  | — |  | 20,406,639
To the non-financial private sector and foreign residents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Overdrafts |  | 82,482,822 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 82,482,822
Promissory notes |  | 512,444,026 |  | 98,772,942 |  | 8,017,931 |  | — |  | 619,234,899
Mortgage loans |  | 23,585 |  | 338,074 |  | 12,352,731 |  | 254,012,124 |  | 266,726,514
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 70,109,544 |  | 125,950,884 |  | 1,306,156 |  | — |  | 197,366,584
Personal loans |  | 72,647,386 |  | 216,629,775 |  | 9,133,882 |  | — |  | 298,411,043
Credit card loans |  | 278,296,223 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 278,296,223
Foreign trade loans and U.S. dollar loans |  | 326,147,630 |  | 36,020,481 |  | 1,306,870 |  | — |  | 363,474,981
Others |  | 15,934,423 |  | 7,643,098 |  | 2,970,651 |  | 2,651 |  | 26,550,823
Receivables from financial leases |  | 4,455,195 |  | 35,366,091 |  | 23,447,550 |  | — |  | 63,268,836
Total loans and other financing |  | 1,381,863,918 |  | 525,036,734 |  | 58,535,771 |  | 254,014,775 |  | 2,219,451,198

​

134

Interest Rate Sensitivity

The following table analyzes the amount of our loan and other financing portfolio due after one year at fixed and variable interest rate. Loans and financings are stated before deduction of allowances for loan losses.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | Amount due after one year at
​ | ​ | Fixed | ​ | Variable | ​ | ​
​ |  | interest rate |  | interest rate |  | Total
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages)
Loans and other financing |  |  |  |  |  |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
To the non-financial public sector |  | — |  | 187,500 |  | 187,500
To the financial sector |  | 4,127,889 |  | — |  | 4,127,889
To the non-financial private sector and foreign residents: |  |  |  |  |  |
Overdrafts |  |  |  |  |  |
Promissory notes |  | 87,093,692 |  | 19,697,181 |  | 106,790,873
Mortgage loans |  | 144,417,049 |  | 122,285,880 |  | 266,702,929
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 99,140,521 |  | 28,116,519 |  | 127,257,040
Personal loans |  | 225,763,657 |  | — |  | 225,763,657
Credit card loans |  | — |  | — |  | —
Foreign trade loans and U.S. dollar loans |  | 37,327,351 |  | — |  | 37,327,351
Others |  | 10,616,400 |  | — |  | 10,616,400
Receivables from financial leases |  | 48,323,288 |  | 10,490,353 |  | 58,813,641
Total loans and other financing |  | 656,809,847 |  | 180,777,433 |  | 837,587,280

​

Amounts Past Due Loans and Other Financing

The following table analyzes amounts past due in our loan and other financing portfolio, by type of loan and other financing as of the dates indicated. The past due loans listed in the table below include loans of the Bank. In addition, the past due loans for the year ended December 31, 2022 include loans of Tarjeta, Espacio Cordial, IUDÚ and MILA.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages)
Past Due |  |  |  |  | ​ |
Loans and other Financing |  |  |  |  | ​ |
To the non-financial private sector and foreign residents |  |  |  |  | ​ |
Overdrafts |  | 1,625,375 |  | 2,578,006 | ​ | 1,175,956
Promissory notes |  | 1,532,171 |  | 1,614,007 | ​ | 909,573
Mortgage loans |  | 539,483 |  | 1,695,725 | ​ | 4,812,443
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 6,100,808 |  | 758,377 | ​ | 2,747,772
Personal loans |  | 19,413,091 |  | 8,342,618 | ​ | 17,519,663
Credit card loans |  | 9,461,521 |  | 9,096,370 | ​ | 15,969,744
Foreign trade loans |  | 3,510,687 |  | 5,680,445 | ​ | 10,039,040
Other loans |  | 6,174,623 |  | 7,084,559 | ​ | 10,102,826
Receivables from financial leases |  | 1,015,276 |  | 1,147,096 | ​ | 262,536
Total Past Due Loans and other financing |  | 49,373,035 |  | 37,997,203 | ​ | 63,539,553
Past Due Financings |  |  |  |  | ​ |
With Preferred Guarantees |  | 7,902,608 |  | 3,613,753 | ​ | 5,126,195
Without Guarantees |  | 41,470,427 |  | 34,383,450 | ​ | 58,413,358
Total Past Due Financings |  | 49,373,035 |  | 37,997,203 | ​ | 63,539,553

​

135

Analysis of the Allowance for Loan Losses

The analysis of the allowances for loan losses are included in Note 1.11 and Note 25 to our audited consolidated financial statements. See “Item 5.E. Critical Accounting Estimates—Allowances for Loan Losses.”

The following table analyses the ratio of allowances for loans losses to total loans:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages) | ​
Allowances for loan losses |  | 49,373,034 |  | 37,997,201 | ​ | 82,881,716 | ​
Loans and other financing |  | 2,219,451,198 |  | 1,088,608,893 | ​ | 1,669,234,755 | ​
Allowances as a percentage of Loans |  | 2.22 | % | 3.49 | % | 4.97 | %

​

The following table analyzes the ratio of net charge-offs to average loans, disclosed by loan category.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 |  | 2022 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Write-offs | ​ | Net Charge- | ​ | ​ | ​ | Write-offs | ​ | Net Charge- |  | ​ | ​ | Write-offs | ​ | Net Charge- |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | and | ​ | offs/average | ​ | ​ | ​ | and | ​ | offs/average | ​ | ​ | ​ | and | ​ | offs/average | ​
​ |  | Average |  | reversals |  | loans |  | Average |  | reversals |  | loans |  | Average |  | reversals |  | loans | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages) | ​
Loans: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |
Promissory notes | ​ | 184,266,346 | ​ | (65,523) | ​ | (0.04) | % | 193,073,474 | ​ | (101,447) | ​ | (0.05) | % | 296,780,797 | ​ | (414,210) | ​ | (0.14) | %
Unsecured corporate loans |  | 257,173,133 |  | (2,413,771) |  | (0.94) | % | 271,566,323 | ​ | (5,490,513) |  | (2.02) | % | 263,303,214 | ​ | (19,862,545) |  | (7.54) | %
Overdrafts |  | 145,925,289 |  | (246,941) |  | (0.17) | % | 103,169,126 | ​ | (466,136) |  | (0.45) | % | 87,075,893 | ​ | (705,393) |  | (0.81) | %
Mortgage loans |  | 170,089,141 |  | (1,047,445) |  | (0.62) | % | 152,838,348 | ​ | (1,598,042) |  | (1.05) | % | 171,973,859 | ​ | (447,343) |  | (0.26) | %
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 99,773,751 |  | (320,447) |  | (0.32) | % | 44,835,494 | ​ | (1,768,270) |  | (3.94) | % | 53,196,570 | ​ | (6,011,287) |  | (11.30) | %
Personal loans |  | 160,164,537 |  | (4,086,577) |  | (2.55) | % | 174,519,636 | ​ | (13,555,259) |  | (7.77) | % | 302,701,027 | ​ | (31,148,027) |  | (10.29) | %
Credit card loans |  | 175,508,297 |  | (4,061,722) |  | (2.31) | % | 227,482,163 | ​ | (11,010,066) |  | (4.84) | % | 352,410,508 | ​ | (26,041,553) |  | (7.39) | %
Foreign Trade Loans |  | 188,577,196 |  | — |  | — | % | 85,647,587 | ​ | — |  | — | % | 133,424,871 | ​ | (756,402) |  | (0.57) | %
Loans to the Financial Sector |  | 8,946,787 |  | — |  | — |  | 5,277,190 | ​ | — |  | — |  | 1,370,592 | ​ | — |  | — |
Receivables from financial leases |  | 69,801,710 |  | (84,736) |  | (0.12) | % | 61,883,600 | ​ | (54,531) |  | (0.09) | % | 76,874,177 | ​ | (328,880) |  | (0.43) | %
Total |  | 1,460,226,187 |  | (12,327,162) |  | (0.84) | % | 1,320,292,941 |  | (34,044,264) |  | (2.58) | % | 1,739,111,508 |  | (85,715,640) |  | (4.93) | %

​

Allocation of the Allowance for Loan Losses and Other Financing

The allocation of allowances for loan and other financing losses by category of loans are included in Note 1.11 and Note 25 to our audited consolidated financial statements. See “Item 5.E. Critical Accounting Estimates—Allowances for Loan Losses.”

136

Loans and Other Financing Portfolio by Economic Activity

The table below analyzes our loan and other financing portfolio according to the borrower’s main economic activity as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 |  | 2022 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of | ​ | ​ | ​ | % of |  | ​ | ​ | % of |
​ | ​ | Loan | ​ | Loan | ​ | Loan | ​ | Loan | ​ | Loan | ​ | Loan | ​
​ |  | Portfolio |  | Portfolio |  | Portfolio |  | Portfolio |  | Portfolio |  | Portfolio | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Oils and oilseeds | ​ | 6,042,270 | ​ | — | % | 3,629,582 | ​ | 0.3 | % | 715,349 | ​ | 0.0 | %
Agriculture, crops and fruit | ​ | 116,689,321 | ​ | 5.3 | % | 71,091,933 | ​ | 6.5 | % | 79,392,046 | ​ | 4.8 | %
Manufactured foodstuff, cattle beef |  | 68,943,267 |  | 3.1 | % | 39,061,963 |  | 3.6 | % | 74,314,109 |  | 4.5 | %
Household items, sales / Trading |  | 4,475,960 |  | 0.2 | % | 1,577,197 |  | 0.1 | % | 3,230,624 |  | 0.2 | %
Automotive vehicles and car parts |  | 33,540,301 |  | 1.5 | % | 34,276,674 |  | 3.1 | % | 38,345,237 |  | 2.3 | %
Sugar |  | 10,491,356 |  | 0.5 | % | 12,607,536 |  | 1.2 | % | 10,694,672 |  | 0.6 | %
Foreign and local banks |  | 321,901 |  | — | % | 468,242 |  | — | % | 246,611 |  | — | %
Alcoholic beverages |  | 11,996,485 |  | 0.5 | % | 2,012,203 |  | 0.2 | % | 13,475,681 |  | 0.8 | %
Civil construction |  | 27,949,486 |  | 1.3 | % | 14,115,057 |  | 1.3 | % | 22,536,238 |  | 1.4 | %
Road works and specialized construction |  | 57,383,576 |  | 2.6 | % | 40,005,848 |  | 3.7 | % | 63,361,542 |  | 3.8 | %
Cooperatives and small financial institutions |  | 128,265,560 |  | 5.8 | % | 48,375,260 |  | 4.4 | % | 37,934,622 |  | 2.3 | %
Private and public mail services |  | 1,295,859 |  | — | % | 141,699 |  | — | % | 149,793 |  | — | %
Cattle raising |  | 36,128,422 |  | 1.6 | % | 24,518,527 |  | 2.3 | % | 27,591,085 |  | 1.7 | %
Leather |  | 868,825 |  | 0.0 | % | 691,195 |  | — | % | 533,800 |  | 0.0 | %
Electricity and gas distribution |  | 39,324,931 |  | 1.8 | % | 30,207,360 |  | 2.8 | % | 20,846,312 |  | 1.2 | %
Home appliances, audio and video devices, production and importation |  | 8,364,870 |  | 0.4 | % | 8,268,886 |  | 0.8 | % | 4,950,821 |  | 0.3 | %
Hydrocarbon extraction and production |  | 26,186,390 |  | 1.2 | % | 3,458,890 |  | 0.3 | % | 15,153,727 |  | 0.9 | %
Families and individuals(1) |  | 1,072,919,196 |  | 48.3 | % | 439,635,967 |  | 40.4 | % | 829,389,619 |  | 49.7 | %
Hypermarkets and supermarkets |  | 6,909,624 |  | 0.3 | % | 8,512,524 |  | 0.8 | % | 5,738,337 |  | 0.3 | %
Machines and tools – Production, sale and/or lease |  | 31,961,749 |  | 1.4 | % | 14,325,963 |  | 1.3 | % | 20,214,468 |  | 1.2 | %
Motorcycles, parts and accessories |  | 81,624 |  | 0.0 | % | 1,988,996 |  | — | % | 27,872 |  | — | %
Paper and cardboard |  | 11,366,726 |  | 0.5 | % | 4,272,799 |  | 0.4 | % | 4,527,985 |  | 0.3 | %
Plastic - Manufactures |  | 12,083,566 |  | 0.5 | % | 5,500,881 |  | 0.5 | % | 10,684,773 |  | 0.6 | %
Metal products |  | 33,535,219 |  | 1.5 | % | 7,662,525 |  | 0.7 | % | 16,205,096 |  | 1.0 | %
Pharmaceutical products and laboratories |  | 13,963,181 |  | 0.6 | % | 10,357,933 |  | 1.0 | % | 12,010,500 |  | 0.7 | %
Chemical products |  | 40,655,348 |  | 1.8 | % | 13,026,392 |  | 1.2 | % | 14,918,531 |  | 0.9 | %
Waste collection and recycling |  | 22,759,380 |  | 1.0 | % | 22,397,359 |  | 2.1 | % | 33,628,168 |  | 2.0 | %
Corporate services |  | 15,452,066 |  | 0.7 | % | 21,554,943 |  | 2.0 | % | 14,329,552 |  | 0.9 | %
Health services |  | 17,292,429 |  | 0.8 | % | 13,638,148 |  | 1.3 | % | 28,646,550 |  | 1.7 | %
Mineral extraction and production |  | 80,604,846 |  | 3.6 | % | 18,264,151 |  | 1.7 | % | 32,523,327 |  | 1.9 | %
Telecommunications |  | 4,311,456 |  | 0.2 | % | 5,844,525 |  | 0.5 | % | 4,772,486 |  | 0.3 | %
Textile industry |  | 60,284,354 |  | 2.7 | % | 42,706,389 |  | 3.9 | % | 32,265,947 |  | 1.9 | %
Cargo transportation |  | 60,806,193 |  | 2.7 | % | 24,416,847 |  | 2.2 | % | 35,493,189 |  | 2.1 | %
Wine industry |  | 61,193,389 |  | 2.8 | % | 50,912,091 |  | 4.7 | % | 70,217,705 |  | 4.2 | %
Real estate agencies |  | 1,584,038 |  | 0.1 | % | 2,478,398 |  | 0.2 | % | 5,430,513 |  | 0.3 | %
Other(2) |  | 93,418,034 |  | 4.2 | % | 46,604,010 |  | 4.3 | % | 84,737,868 |  | 5.1 | %
Total |  | 2,219,451,198 |  | 100.0 | % | 1,088,608,893 |  | 100.0 | % | 1,669,234,755 |  | 100.0 | %

(1)Loans for personal consumption.

(2)Includes all other industries. None of such industries exceeds 1% of the total loan and other financing portfolio.

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Composition of Deposits

The following table sets out the composition of each category of deposits by currency of denomination that exceeded 10% of average total deposits at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 |  | 2022 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average |  | ​ | ​ | Average |
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​
​ |  | balance |  | rate |  | balance |  | rate |  | balance |  | rate | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Deposits in domestic bank offices by local depositors | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  |
Non-interest-bearing current accounts | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  |
Average |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​
Pesos |  | 293,133,756 |  | — | % | 299,841,894 |  | — | % | 451,160,514 |  | — | %
Dollars |  | 16,250,374 |  | — | % | 14,030,750 |  | — | % | 20,338,444 |  | — | %
Total |  | 309,384,130 |  | — | % | 313,872,644 |  | — | % | 471,498,958 |  | — | %

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average |  | ​ | ​ | Average |
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​
​ | ​ | balance |  | rate |  | balance |  | rate |  | balance |  | rate | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages) | ​
Savings accounts | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  |
Average | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  |
Pesos |  | 225,997,944 |  | 1.8 | % | 250,496,059 |  | 1.9 | % | 459,431,243 |  | 0.3 | %
Dollars |  | 190,477,157 |  | — | % | 111,046,567 |  | 0 | % | 149,697,211 |  | 0 | %
Total |  | 416,475,101 |  | 1.0 | % | 361,542,627 |  | 1.3 | % | 609,128,454 |  | 0.2 | %
Special checking accounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 811,770,006 |  | 47.6 | % | 751,524,031 |  | 109.7 | % | 1,068,984,371 |  | 36.8 | %
Dollars |  | 239,991,097 |  | 1.0 | % | 103,803,324 |  | 0.3 | % | 129,631,472 |  | 0.4 | %
Total |  | 1,051,761,103 |  | 37.0 | % | 855,327,355 |  | 96.5 | % | 1,198,615,843 |  | 31.1 | %
Time deposits |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 785,445,938 |  | 59.9 | % | 805,401,897 |  | 118.8 | % | 1,289,192,649 |  | 41.2 | %
Dollars |  | 73,892,660 |  | 1.53 | % | 22,783,676 |  | 0.60 | % | 42,463,143 |  | 0.42 | %
Total |  | 859,338,598 |  | 54.9 | % | 828,185,573 |  | 115.5 | % | 1,331,655,792 |  | 39.4 | %

​

138

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | nominal
​ |  | balance |  | rate |  | balance |  | rate |  | balance |  | rate
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages)
Deposits in domestic bank offices by foreign depositors |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Non-interest-bearing current accounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Average |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Pesos |  | 3 |  | ​ |  | — |  |  | ​ | 183 |  |
Dollars |  | — |  | ​ |  | — |  |  | ​ | — |  |
Total |  | 3 |  | ​ |  | — |  |  | ​ | 183 |  |
Savings accounts |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Average |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Pesos |  | 17,262 |  | ​ |  | 20,783 |  |  | ​ | 36,645 |  |
Dollars |  | 48,705 |  | ​ |  | 34,285 |  |  | ​ | 93,283 |  |
Total |  | 65,967 |  | ​ |  | 55,068 |  |  | ​ | 129,928 |  |
Time deposits |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Average |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Pesos |  | 13,982 |  | ​ |  | 24,233 |  |  | ​ | 40,234 |  |
Dollars |  | 1,587 |  | ​ |  | — |  |  | ​ | — |  |
Total |  | 15,569 |  | ​ |  | 24,233 |  |  | ​ | 40,234 |  |

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos)
Uninsured deposits |  | 2,423,574,520 |  | 2,721,797,287 |  | 2,849,111,509

​

Maturity of Deposits

The following table sets forth information regarding the maturity of our time deposits exceeding the SEDESA insurance limit at December 31, 2024.

​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2024
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
Time Deposits |  |
3 months or less; |  | 807,030,115
Over 3 months through 6 months; |  | 11,712,345
Over 6 months through 12 months; |  | 12,355,020
Over 12 months |  | —
Total Time Deposits(1) |  | 831,097,480

(1)Only principal. Excludes the CER and UVA adjustment.

Law No. 24485 and Decree No. 540/95 established the creation of the Deposit Insurance System to cover the risk attached to bank deposits, in addition to the system of privileges and safeguards envisaged in the Financial Institutions Law.

The maximum amount for this insurance system to demand deposits and time deposits denominated either in Pesos and/or in foreign currency was set at Ps.1,000,000 as from March 1, 2019 and increased to Ps.1,500,000 as of May 1, 2020. However, pursuant to Communication “A” 7661, the Central Bank raised the amount covered by the Deposit Insurance System to Ps.6,000,000. Pursuant to Communication “A” 7985, the Central Bank raised the amount covered by the Deposit Insurance System to Ps.25,000,000 effective April 1, 2024,

This system does not cover deposits made by other financial institutions (including time deposit certificates acquired through a secondary transaction), deposits made by parties related to Banco Supervielle S.A., either directly or indirectly, deposits of securities,

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acceptances or guarantees and those deposits set up at an interest rate exceeding the one established regularly by the Argentine Central Bank.

Short-term Borrowings

The table below shows our short-term borrowings as of the dates indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 |  | 2022 |
​ |  | ​ |  | Annualized |  | ​ |  | Annualized |  | ​ |  | Annualized |
​ | ​ | Amount | ​ | Rate | ​ | Amount | ​ | Rate |  | Amount | ​ | Rate |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) |
International banks and Institutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​
Total amount outstanding at the end of the reported period |  | 17,516,972 |  | 6.4 | % | 557,031 |  | 10.8 | % | 11,599,078 |  | 8.4 | %
Average during period |  | 12,687,653 |  | 9.1 | % | 5,736,697 |  | 18.8 | % | 11,044,121 |  | 7.5 | %
Maximum monthly average |  | 30,094,275 |  | ​ |  | 10,640,521 |  | ​ |  | 18,503,865 |  | ​ |
Financing received from Argentine financial institutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total amount outstanding at the end of the reported period |  | 21,690,395 |  | 43.8 | % | 5,535,421 |  | 42.3 | % | 16,494,334 |  | 34.7 | %
Average during period |  | 5,379,298 |  | 58.3 | % | 6,493,160 |  | 65.2 | % | 22,389,123 |  | 47.6 | %
Maximum monthly average |  | 16,222,590 |  | ​ |  | 7,308,898 |  | ​ |  | 41,508,904 |  | ​ |
Other(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Total amount outstanding at the end of the reported period |  | 176,864,063 |  | — | % | 146,141,946 |  | — | % | 146,677,317 |  | 0.8 | %
Average during year |  | 111,459,252 |  | — | % | 75,731,294 |  | — | % | 126,398,055 |  | 1.7 | %
Maximum monthly average |  | 163,427,180 |  | ​ |  | 127,347,350 |  | ​ |  | 147,455,010 |  | ​ |
Unsubordinated Corporate Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |
Total amount outstanding at the end of the reported period |  | 49,750,711 |  | — | % | — |  | — | % | 3,472,405 |  | 69.2 | %
Average during year |  | 13,549,917 |  | 34.0 | % | 92,932 |  | 72.6 | % | 3,751,325 |  | 54.7 | %
Maximum monthly average |  | 50,419,596 |  | ​ |  | 1,115,185 |  | ​ |  | 6,839,252 |  | ​ |

(1)Includes mainly collections and other transactions on behalf of third parties, miscellaneous (payment orders abroad) and social security payment orders pending settlement.

​

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Return on Equity and Assets

The following table presents certain selected financial information and ratios for the dates indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Net Income for the year attributable to owners of the parent company |  | 104,493,377 | ​ | 112,400,519 | ​ | (34,090,702) |
Average total assets(1) |  | 4,041,120,427 | ​ | 4,466,554,380 | ​ | 4,812,101,220 |
Average shareholders’ equity |  | 793,706,989 | ​ | 668,254,878 | ​ | 656,649,850 |
Shareholders’ equity at the end of the period attributable to owners of the parent company |  | 797,735,341 | ​ | 743,396,005 | ​ | 625,670,057 |
Net income as a percentage of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average total assets |  | 2.6 | % | 2.5 | % | (0.7) | %
Average shareholders’ equity |  | 13.2 | % | 16.8 | % | (5.2) | %
Declared cash dividends (2) |  | 24,995,542 | ​ | 27,962,555 | ​ | — |
Dividend payout ratio(3) |  | 23.9 | % | 24.9 | % | — | %
Average shareholders’ equity as a percentage of average total assets |  | 19.6 | % | 15.0 | % | 13.6 | %

(1) | Calculated on a daily basis.

(2) | The amount of declared cash dividends for the year ended December 31, 2024 is subject to approval by our shareholders’ meeting to be held on April 22, 2025.

(3) | Calculated by dividing dividend paid in the year by net income for the year attributable to owners of the parent company under IFRS. As mentioned in Note 24 to our audited consolidated financial statements, dividends are paid based on distributable retained earnings calculated in accordance with the rules of the Argentine Central Bank.

​

Minimum Capital Requirements

Our main subsidiary, the Bank, is required to satisfy minimum capital requirements. The following table sets forth the Bank and IUDÚ’s (the latter until 2022) consolidated minimum capital requirements set by the Superintendency as of the dates indicated.

​

141

As stated above under “Presentation of Financial and Other Information,” we have prepared our audited consolidated financial statements for 2024, 2023 and 2022 under IFRS. Minimum capital requirements have been prepared in accordance with the rules of the Argentine Central Bank, which is not comparable to data prepared under IFRS.

​

​ ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 (3) |  | 2022 (4) |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Calculation of excess capital: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Allocated to assets at risk |  | 182,998,532 |  | 113,069,951 |  | 140,574,334 |
Allocated to Bank premises and equipment, intangible assets and equity investment assets |  | 23,723,556 |  | 23,209,663 |  | 25,415,799 |
Market risk |  | 17,327,442 |  | 6,484,215 |  | 11,487,308 |
Public sector and securities in investment account |  | 534,442 |  | 592,757 |  | 4,242,194 |
Operational Risk |  | 74,466,666 |  | 51,026,023 |  | 55,528,568 |
Required minimum capital under Central Bank regulations |  | 299,050,638 |  | 194,382,609 |  | 237,248,203 |
Basic net worth |  | 824,470,904 |  | 732,667,574 |  | 526,365,675 |
Complementary net worth |  | — |  | — |  | 17,632,600 |
Deductions |  | (233,821,244) |  | (222,220,695) |  | (169,964,031) |
Total capital under Central Bank regulations |  | 590,649,660 |  | 510,446,879 |  | 374,034,244 |
Excess capital |  | 291,599,022 |  | 316,064,270 |  | 136,786,041 |
Credit Risk Weighted Assets (1) | ​ | 2,557,622,021 | ​ | 1,672,850,285 | ​ | 2,057,126,334 | ​
Risk Weighted Assets (1) |  | 3,662,675,501 |  | 2,379,950,437 |  | 2,904,024,550 |
Selected capital and liquidity ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Regulatory capital/credit risk weighted assets | ​ | 23.1 | % | 30.5 | % | 18.2 | %
Regulatory capital/risk weighted assets |  | 16.1 | % | 21.4 | % | 12.9 | %
Average shareholders’ equity as a percentage of average total assets |  | 17.8 | % | 14.5 | % | 12.2 | %
Total liabilities as a multiple of total shareholders’ equity |  | 5.4x | ​ | 6.3x | ​ | 8.3x | ​
Cash as a percentage of total deposits |  | 20.2 | % | 14.4 | % | 8.7 | %
Liquid assets as a percentage of total deposits(2) |  | 55.6 | % | 83.1 | % | 65.8 | %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1) / Risk weighted assets |  | 16.1 | % | 21.4 | % | 12.3 | %

(1) | Risk Weighted Assets includes operational risk weighted assets, market risk weighted assets, and credit risk weighted assets, Operational risk weighted assets and market risk weighted assets are calculated by multiplying their respective required minimum capital under Central Bank rules by 12.5, Credit Risk Weighted Assets is calculated by applying the respective credit risk weights to our assets, following Central Bank rules.

​

(2) | Liquid assets include cash, government securities, government securities in guarantee, securities issued by the Central Bank, repo transactions with the Central Bank and call operations.

(3) | Amounts corresponding to applying Communication “A” 8009 retrospectively for comparative purposes. Values adjusted for inflation.

(4) | Values adjusted for inflation. The year 2022 includes consolidated figures for the Bank and IUDÚ.

As of December 31, 2024, the Bank’s total capital ratio was 16.1%, compared to 21.4% as of December 31, 2023, and the Bank’s common equity Tier 1 ratio was 16.1%, compared to 21.4% as of December 31, 2023. On June 28, 2019, the Central Bank issued a ruling, effective January 1, 2020, requiring Group “A” financial institutions controlled by non-financial institutions (such as the Company and the Bank) to comply with Minimum Capital requirements, Major Exposure to Credit Risk regulations, Liquidity Coverage Ratio and Net Stable Funding Ratio. These requirements apply on a consolidated basis, including the non-financial holding and all its subsidiaries (excluding insurance companies and non-financial subsidiaries). On March 21, 2024, the Central Bank introduced Communication “A” 7982, requiring financial institutions to submit monthly consolidated reports starting April 2024, covering the non-financial holding and all its subsidiaries (excluding insurance companies).

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Item 5. | Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

Item 5.AOperating Results

This section contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, those set forth in “Forward-looking Statements,” and “Item 3.D. Risk Factors.”

This discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements which are included elsewhere in this annual report.

Financial Presentation

Our audited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.

“Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies” (IAS 29) requires that the financial statements of an entity whose functional currency is one of a hyperinflationary economy be measured in terms of the current unit of measurement at the closing date of the reporting period, regardless of whether they are based on the historical cost method or the current cost method. This requirement also includes the comparative information in financial statements. Our audited consolidated financial statements are stated in the measurement unit current as of December 31, 2024.

Our segment disclosure for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is presented on a basis that corresponds with our internal reporting structure and is consistent with the manner in which our Board of Directors regularly evaluates the components of our operations in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing the performance of our business.

We measure the performance of each of our business segments primarily in terms of net income (i.e., net revenues–or financial income and service fee income, net of financial expenses and service fee expenses–after deducting loan loss provisions and administrative costs directly attributable to the segment). Net income excludes the financial expenses incurred by Grupo Supervielle at the holding level in connection with its funding arrangements (although substantially all the proceeds of such arrangements have been contributed as capital to the subsidiaries through which the segments are operated), as well as transactions between segments, which are reflected under “Adjustments.”

In 2024, we operated our business through the following segments:

| · | Personal and Business Banking: Through the Bank, we offer our customers a full range of financial products and services, including personal loans, mortgage loans, deposit accounts, purchase and sale of foreign exchange and precious metals and credit cards, among others. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the clients and financing portfolio of IUDÚ were transferred to the Bank and to our Personal & Business Banking segment. The Bank is offering the clients who were transferred from IUDÚ an omnichannel experience through which they can access the Bank’s broad assortment of financial products and services.

| · | Corporate Banking: Through the Bank, we offer large corporations and middle-market companies a full range of products, services and financial assessment including factoring, leasing, foreign trade finance and cash management.

| · | Treasury: It is primarily responsible for the allocation of the Bank’s liquidity according to the needs of the Personal and Business Banking segment, the Corporate Banking segment and its own needs. The Treasury segment implements the Bank’s financial risk management policies, manages the Bank’s trading desk, distributes treasury products such as debt securities, and develops businesses with wholesale financial and non-financial clients.

| · | Insurance: Through Supervielle Seguros, Grupo Supervielle offers insurance products, primarily personal accidents insurance, protected bag insurance, life insurance and integral insurance policies for small businesses and SMEs. Supervielle Seguros is continuously offering new products to the different customer segments of the companies of Grupo Supervielle: high net worth individuals (Identité), senior citizens, small businesses and SMEs, and customers of the Corporate Banking segment.

143

| · | Asset Management and Other Services: Grupo Supervielle offers a variety of other services to its customers, including mutual fund investment products through Supervielle Asset Management, brokerage and investment products and services through IOL invertironline, and non-financial products through Cordial Servicios.

The Group has applied the following amendments for the first time for their annual reporting period commencing on January 1, 2024, which had no significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements: (i) amendments to IFRS 16 (Leases), which include requirements for IFRS 16 sale and leaseback transactions to explain how an entity accounts for a sale and leaseback after the date of the transaction, and (ii) amendments to IAS 1 (Non-current liabilities under covenants) to clarify how the conditions to be fulfilled by an institution within 12 months of the reporting period are reported affect the classification of a liability.

Overview

We operate in a complex economic context both nationally and internationally. In 2024, according to the IMF, the global economy grew by 3.2% in 2024, showing a slowdown as compared to 3.3% in 2023. During 2024, Central Banks worldwide began to ease their monetary policies as a result of a decrease in inflation and the economic activity growth rates maintained by developed countries. The U.S. Federal Reserve lowered the Federal Funds rate by 1 percentage point to a range between 4.50 and 4.25%, following an increase by 1 percentage point in 2023.

During 2024, a decline in global energy demand caused a decrease in the price of oil, especially during the last quarter of 2024, which favored the disinflationary trend, especially in Europe. The ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, and between Israel and Hamas, generated increases in the international prices of oil and gas, including the oil and gas produced by Argentina. In November 2024, Donald J. Trump was elected as President of the United States and was inaugurated on January 20, 2025 for his second term. Prior to Mr. Trump’s inauguration, the U.S. 10-year bond interest rate was approximately 5%, mainly due to concerns from investors that the economic policies of the new U.S. administration would accelerate inflation and slow down the decrease in interest rates adopted by the U.S. Federal Reserve. Following Mr. Trump’s inauguration, the U.S. 10-year bond interest rate fell to approximately 4.6%. On April 2, 2025, Trump’s administration announced the imposition of new tariffs on certain imported goods, including goods imported from Argentina, and has threatened increased tariffs of goods originating from countries that do not cooperate with the United States policies. The international trade policies adopted by the U.S. administration could have a negative impact on global economies.

According to data published by the INDEC, Argentina’s GDP increased by 5.2% in 2022, mainly due to the recovery of the Argentine economy from the negative impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the Argentine economy, decreased by 1.6% in 2023, primarily due to the drought which mainly affected the agricultural production in Argentina, which decreased 20.4% compared to 2022, and decreased by 1.7% in 2024, mainly as a result of a decrease in construction activities by 17.7%, which were negatively impacted by the slowdown in public works, a decrease in manufacturing industry activities by 9.2% and a decrease in wholesale and retail trade and repairs by 7.3%. However, the agricultural sector grew by 30.9% after the severe drought in 2023, as well as mining and quarrying, which grew by 7.2%. During 2024, the growth of the Argentine economy was not uniform, since it fell between December 2023 and April 2024 but increased in the subsequent months . In April 2024, the EMEA decreased by 1.9% as compared to December 2023, and grew 7.2% from May to December 2024.

​

On March 25, 2022, the IMF approved the execution of the IMF Agreement with Argentina for a total amount of U.S.$44 billion, which includes a disbursement of U.S.$9.6 billion. In October 2022, December 2022, April 2023, August 2023 and June 2024, the IMF authorized disbursements of U.S.$3.8 billion, U.S.$6 billion, U.S.$5.4 billion U.S.$7.5 billion and U.S. $790 million, respectively, following Argentina’s completion of the targets set forth in the IMF Agreement.

On March 11, 2025, the Argentine government issued the Decree 179/25 which approved certain public credit transactions that are provided in the IMF Agreement. These credit transactions have a ten-year maturity period and the proceeds therefrom are expected to be used for the repayment of certain pre-existing obligations, among other purposes. On April 8, 2025, the IMF and the Argentine government reached an agreement to enter into the New IMF Agreement for a total amount of approximately U.S.$20 billion. On April 11, 2025, the IMF approved an initial disbursement of U.S.$12 billion under the New IMF Agreement and an additional disbursement of U.S.$2 billion to be made in June 2025. The New IMF Agreement has a ten-year maturity period and an annual interest rate of 5.63%.

Additionally, on April 11, 2025, the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank approved the granting of financial assistance to Argentina under multi-year programs in the amounts of U.S.$12 billion and U.S.$10 billion, respectively.

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The Argentine Economy

Beginning in December 2001 and for most of 2002, Argentina experienced one of the most severe crises in its history which nearly left its economy at a standstill and deeply affected its financial sector. Between 2004 and 2009, the Argentine economy and the financial sector recovered considerably. Since 2009, the Argentine economy has shown increased volatility in most of the years. Macroeconomic conditions in 2020 were mainly marked by the health crisis that had a strong impact on activity levels, while in 2021 and 2022 economic activity started to recover. However, in 2023 the economic activity decreased due to the impact of the droughts which took place in Argentina in 2023. According to data published by the INDEC, Argentina’s GDP decreased by 1.7% in 2024, mainly as a result of a decrease in construction activities by 17.7%, which were negatively impacted by the slowdown in public works, a decrease in manufacturing industry activities by 9.2% and a decrease in wholesale and retail trade and repairs by 7.3%. However, the agricultural sector grew by 30.9% after the severe drought in 2023, as well as mining and quarrying, which grew by 7.2%. During 2024, the growth of the Argentine economy was not uniform, since it fell between December 2023 and April 2024 but increased in the subsequent months. In April 2024, the EMEA decreased by 1.9% as compared to December 2023, and grew 7.2% from May to December 2024.

The table below includes certain economic indicators in Argentina for the years indicated:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024
GDP real growth (%) |  | 5.2 |  | (1.6) |  | (1.7)
Primary fiscal balance (excludes interest) (as a % of GDP) (2) |  | (2.4) | ​ | (2.7) | ​ | 0.3
Total public debt (as a % of GDP) (3) |  | 85.0 |  | 156.6 |  | 94.6
Trade balance (in million U.S.$) |  | 6,923 |  | (6,932) |  | 18,899
Total deposits (as a % of GDP)(1) |  | 16.0 |  | 13.1 |  | 14.3
Loans to the private sector (as a % of GDP)(1) |  | 8.1 |  | 6.9 |  | 9.4
Unemployment rate-end year- (%) |  | 6.3 | ​ | 5.7 | ​ | 6.4
Inflation in consumer prices –Dec./Dec. - CPI INDEC (%) |  | 94.8 |  | 211.4 |  | 117.8
Average nominal exchange rate (in Ps.Per U.S.$) |  | 130.81 |  | 295.62 |  | 916.25

Source: INDEC, Central Bank and City of Buenos Aires

(1) | Company estimates based on Central Bank information. Total deposits (as a % of GDP) is calculated as average private sector deposits (based on average volumes from September to December 2024) and Loans to the private sector (as a % of GDP) is calculated as average loans (based on average volumes from September to December 2024) to GDP

(2) | Company estimates based on information published by the Argentine Ministry of Economy

(3) | Information published by the Argentine Ministry of Economy as of September 30, 2024

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The Argentine economy was strongly impacted by the economic measures implemented by Javier Milei’s government. Following the approval of the Emergency Decree No. 70/2023, which repealed and modified more than 300 laws at the end of 2023, the Argentine government adopted a contractionary fiscal policy. As a result of this contractionary fiscal policy, the adjustment of primary expenditure by 26.9% and the temporary increase in the “PAIS” Tax, which consists of an Argentine tax applied to purchases made in foreign currency, a financial surplus was recorded in January 2024 and was maintained throughout the year, reaching an accumulated 0.3% surplus of GDP in December 2024.

In order to maintain fiscal balance, the Argentine government had to face legislative challenges, such as the approval of the Ley Bases. Additionally, the Argentine government vetoed two bills that had been approved by the Argentine Congress which involved increasing public spending not funded by revenues, with respect to pension payments and university budgets.

As a result of the measures adopted by the Argentine government, inflation in Argentina decreased from 25.5% in December 2023 to 2.7% in December 2024. According to the Central Bank’s market expectations survey, inflation was expected to be approximately 227% for 2024, however, it ended at 117.8% as a result of the strict discipline in public accounts that avoided the issuance of money to finance the fiscal deficit.

As a result of the Tax Amnesty Program implemented by the Argentine government, Argentine residents declared US$20,085 million in cash and US$2,432 million in other assets to the Argentine tax authorities in 2024. As a result, in 2024, U.S. dollar deposits in the private sector grew by US$16 billion and U.S. dollar loans to the private sector by US$8.9 billion.

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The positive impact of the Tax Amnesty Program allowed the Central Bank to increase its gross and net reserves by settling U.S. dollar loans in the foreign exchange market. Likewise, the fact that the the Central Bank acted as a buyer by the end of 2024 modified the expectations of economic agents, causing country risk to fall to 635 points at the end of 2024. The Argentine government repaid principal and interest on bonds due in January 2025 for a total of US$4.5 billion (US$2.9 billion of principal and US$1.6 billion of interest). In turn, the Central Bank announced a REPO with international banks, with BOPREAL Series 1-D securities for a total tendered amount of US$1 billion and a final term of 2 years and 4 months.

In 2024, Argentina reached the fiscal goals set forth in the IMF Agreement, however, the exchange rate reserve goal for the third quarter of 2024 set forth in the IMF Agreement was not achieved. On March 11, 2025, the Argentine government issued the Decree 179/25 which approved certain public credit transactions that are provided in the IMF Agreement. These credit transactions have a ten-year maturity period and the proceeds therefrom are expected to be used for the repayment of certain pre-existing obligations, among other purposes. On April 8, 2025, the IMF and the Argentine government reached an agreement to enter into the New IMF Agreement for a total amount of approximately U.S.$20 billion. On April 11, 2025, the IMF approved an initial disbursement of U.S.$12 billion under the New IMF Agreement and an additional disbursement of U.S.$2 billion to be made in June 2025. The New IMF Agreement has a ten-year maturity period and an annual interest rate of 5.63%.

Additionally, on April 11, 2025, the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank approved the granting of financial assistance to Argentina under multi-year programs in the amounts of U.S.$12 billion and U.S.$10 billion, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, the employment rate increased to 6.4% in comparison to 5.7% as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024, total salaries increased 137.7% in comparison to December 31, 2023. During 2024, the trade balance accumulated a surplus of U.S.$18,899 million, compared to a deficit of U.S.$6,932 million in 2023, mainly as a result of a 19.4% increase in exports, reaching US$79,721 million, and a 17.5% decrease in imports reaching US$60,822 million.

As of December 31, 2024, gross international reserves recorded a gain of U.S.$6,539 million and the year closed with a stock of U.S.$29,612 million.

During 2023, the dynamics of the exchange rate until the Primary, Open, Simultaneous and Mandatory Elections (PASO) was governed by a crawling peg scheme, with adjustments by the Central Bank at a rate similar to the applicable inflation rate. After the PASO, the exchange rate was devalued by 21.8%, from Ps.287 to Ps. 350, remaining at that level until November 15, 2023, when the crawling peg scheme was restored. After the taking of office of President Javier Milei and the swearing-in of the new monetary authorities, the exchange rate was devalued by 118% and a crawling peg scheme was established with a 2% depreciation per month. As of December 31, 2024, the nominal exchange rate was Ps.1,032.5 per U.S.$1.00, which represents a devaluation of the Peso of approximately 27.7% compared to 2023. In addition, the blue-chip swap rate (i.e., the difference between the quotation of Argentine shares in Pesos and in U.S. dollars) was 16% as of December 31, 2024. As a result of the decrease in inflation, the Central bank lowered the crawling peg scheme (a monthly depreciation rate of the exchange rate) from 2% to 1% starting in February 2025. On April 11, 2025, the Central Bank announced the start of “phase 3” of its economic program which introduces significant changes to its monetary and exchange rate policy. A managed floating exchange rate system was implemented, allowing the U.S. dollar to fluctuate within a band of Ps.1,000 to Ps.1,400, adjusted monthly by approximately 1%. The Argentine government lifted foreign exchange controls as a result of which individuals now face no restrictions to access the official exchange market, and tax surcharges are eliminated, except for tourism and credit card transactions. For corporations, restrictions on import payments and dividend repatriation were eased, while a new BOPREAL bond was introduced to address legacy external liabilities. The export incentive program known as the “dólar blend” was eliminated to simplify the exchange market. The monetary policy framework was reformed to focus on strict control of monetary aggregates, particularly the M2 private transactional aggregate, with no monetary financing of the fiscal deficit or interest payments on Central Bank liabilities.

In relation to the monetary policy, at the beginning of 2024, the Central Bank ceased tendering liquidity bills (LELIQs), and repo transactions became the new benchmark for monetary policy. In March 2024, the Central Bank reduced the repo rate from 100% to 80% of the nominal annual rate and further deregulated the market rates that had been significantly regulated by the Central Bank since 2020. By May 2024, the repo transaction rate had decreased to a 40% nominal annual rate. Since then, the Argentine government began transitioning interest-bearing liabilities from the Central Bank to the Argentine treasury. In this context, banks initially shifted their positions from repo transactions to the Argentine Treasury Capitalizable Notes (LECAP) issued by the Argentine treasury. Subsequently, this process accelerated, and the Central Bank stopped renewing repo transactions. Additionally, the Argentine Treasury issued Fiscal Liquidity Letters (LEFIs) for Ps.20 trillion, which were purchased by the Central Bank. As a result, banks buy and sell LEFIs to the Central Bank to manage their daily liquidity needs.

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The Argentine government closed 2024 with a financial surplus of approximately 0.3% of Argentina’s GDP, while the primary surplus amounted to 1.8%. Despite an improvement in the fiscal result, revenues fell by 5.2% in real terms, accompanied by a reduction in public spending of 26.9%. Additionally, the reduction in spending on social benefits accounted for 32.6% of the total in public spending, making it the most significant factor. On the other hand, capital expenditure saw the most considerable decline, with a decrease of 77.3% in real terms.

Argentina has faced and continues to face inflationary pressures. From 2011 to date, Argentina experienced increases in inflation as measured by CPI and WPI.

According to the available public information based on data from the INDEC, CPI grew 94.8% in 2022, 211.4% in 2023, 117.8% in 2024, and 2.2%, 2.4% and 3.7% for each of the months of January, February and March 2025, respectively.

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During periods of high inflation, effective wages and salaries tend to fall and consumers adjust their consumption patterns to eliminate unnecessary expenses. The increase in inflationary risk may erode macroeconomic growth and further limit the availability of financing, causing a negative impact on our operations. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—If the levels of inflation increase, the Argentine economy and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.” and “Item 5.A. Operating Results—Presentation of Financial Statements in Pesos and Inflation.”

The Financial System

The financial system has been affected by the economic conditions in Argentina over the last several years. In 2024, Argentina’s GDP decreased by 1.7% compared to a decrease of 1.6% in 2023 and an increase of 5.0% in 2022. The decrease in Argentina’s GDP in 2024 was mainly as a result of a decrease in construction activities by 17.7%, which were negatively impacted by the slowdown in public works, a decrease in manufacturing industry activities by 9.2% and a decrease in wholesale and retail trade and repairs by 7.3%. However, the agricultural sector grew by 30.9% after the severe drought in 2023, as well as mining and quarrying, which grew by 7.2%. During 2024, the growth of the Argentine economy was not uniform, since it fell between December 2023 and April 2024 but increased in the subsequent months. In April 2024, the EMEA decreased by 1.9% as compared to December 2023, and grew 7.2% from May to December 2024.

The solvency ratios of the financial system continued to be historically high. As of December 31, 2024, the regulatory capital adequacy ratio of the sector totaled 30.2% of the risk weighted assets (RWA), which represents a 279% excess adequacy that stipulated by applicable regulations.

Due to the contraction of the financial system in real terms in recent years, the deposit and loan to GDP ratio in the private financial system is below the average of other countries in the region and the world. The penetration both of deposits and loans continues being lower than the levels recorded before the 1999-2002 crisis. As of December 31, 2024, the deposit to GDP ratio was 13.0% and the loan to GDP ratio was 8.8% as compared to 14.3% and 9.4%, respectively, in December 2023. The total deposits from the private sector financial system increased by 116.4% in 2024, totaling Ps.111,016,063 million, 0.7% below inflation. As of December 31, 2024, deposits in Pesos recorded a 103.7% growth, or 6.5% decline in real terms, reaching Ps.78,500,573 million, U.S. dollar deposits measured in U.S. dollar totaled U.S.$31,492 million, increasing 99.3% from 2023.

As of December 31, 2024, total private sector loans amounted to Ps.76,189,708 million, which represents an increase of 235.8% compared to 2023. As a result, 2024 was the first year of loans increasing in real terms since 2017 As of the same date, private sector loans in Pesos grew by 227.9% compared to 2023, reaching a credit to GDP ratio penetration of 8.8%.

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The following table shows the 2015 to 2024 evolution of major financial statements items for the financial system (figures in nominal terms):

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024
​ | ​ | (in billons of Pesos)
Assets |  | 1,847 | ​ | 2,646 | ​ | 3,469 | ​ | 5,532 | ​ | 6,738 | ​ | 10,902 | ​ | 16,763 | ​ | 32,077 | ​ | 97,401 | ​ | 209,534
Liabilities |  | 1,620 | ​ | 2,348 | ​ | 3,068 | ​ | 4,921 | ​ | 5,830 | ​ | 9,210 | ​ | 14,049 | ​ | 26,256 | ​ | 75,071 | ​ | 158,340
Shareholders’ equity |  | 227 | ​ | 297 | ​ | 401 | ​ | 611 | ​ | 908 | ​ | 1,692 | ​ | 2,713 | ​ | 5,821 | ​ | 22,330 | ​ | 51,194
Loans |  | 908 | ​ | 1,165 | ​ | 1,737 | ​ | 2,365 | ​ | 2,883 | ​ | 3,775 | ​ | 5,352 | ​ | 8,953 | ​ | 22,690 | ​ | 76,208
Non-financial public sector |  | 75 | ​ | 53 | ​ | 38 | ​ | 49 | ​ | 104 | ​ | 98 | ​ | 121 | ​ | 205 | ​ | 535 | ​ | 1,292
Financial sector |  | 13 | ​ | 26 | ​ | 44 | ​ | 62 | ​ | 58 | ​ | 69 | ​ | 94 | ​ | 103 | ​ | 265 | ​ | 1,394
Non-financial private sector |  | 819 | ​ | 1,086 | ​ | 1,655 | ​ | 2,254 | ​ | 2,721 | ​ | 3,608 | ​ | 5,137 | ​ | 8,645 | ​ | 21,890 | ​ | 73,522
Provisions |  | (22) | ​ | (28) | ​ | (46) | ​ | (87) | ​ | (159) | ​ | (219) | ​ | (259) | ​ | (368) | ​ | (1,190) | ​ | (1,959)
Deposits |  | 1,355 | ​ | 1,969 | ​ | 2,446 | ​ | 4,085 | ​ | 4,839 | ​ | 8,050 | ​ | 12,345 | ​ | 23,266 | ​ | 62,796 | ​ | 136,769
Non-financial public sector |  | 290 | ​ | 440 | ​ | 455.75 | ​ | 854.40 | ​ | 754 | ​ | 1,431 | ​ | 2,352 | ​ | 3,686 | ​ | 9,453 | ​ | 23,397
Non-financial private sector |  | 1,053 | ​ | 1,511 | ​ | 1,969 | ​ | 3,163 | ​ | 4,004 | ​ | 6,522 | ​ | 9,823 | ​ | 19,049 | ​ | 51,578 | ​ | 111,301

Source: Central Bank. Figures are expressed in original currency, not adjusted for inflation.

The table below shows the 2015 to 2024 evolution of the number of financial institutions in the financial system:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024
Banks |  | 62 |  | 63 |  | 62 |  | 63 |  | 63 |  | 64 |  | 64 |  | 63 |  | 63 |  | 61
Public banks |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 13
Private banks |  | 49 |  | 50 |  | 49 |  | 50 |  | 50 |  | 51 |  | 51 |  | 50 |  | 50 |  | 48
Private argentine capital banks |  | 32 |  | 33 |  | 33 |  | 34 |  | 34 |  | 35 |  | 35 |  | 35 |  | 35 |  | 35
Foreign capital domestic banks |  | 10 |  | 10 |  | 9 |  | 9 |  | 9 |  | 9 |  | 10 |  | 9 |  | 9 |  | 7
Foreign financial institution branch banks |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | 6 |  | 6 |  | 6 |  | 6
Financial companies |  | 15 |  | 14 |  | 14 |  | 14 |  | 15 |  | 15 |  | 15 |  | 14 |  | 14 |  | 13
Credit unions |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Total financial institutions |  | 78 |  | 78 |  | 77 |  | 78 |  | 78 |  | 79 |  | 79 |  | 77 |  | 77 |  | 74

Source: Central Bank. Figures are expressed in original currency, not adjusted for inflation.

The following table shows the 2007 to 2024 evolution of some key performance indicators of the financial system:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2007 |  | 2008 |  | 2009 |  | 2010 |  | 2011 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024
​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-Performing Loans ratio |  | 2.7 | ​ | 2.7 | ​ | 3.0 | ​ | 1.8 | ​ | 1.2 | ​ | 1.5 | ​ | 1.5 | ​ | 1.8 | ​ | 1.6 | ​ | 1.7 | ​ | 1.7 | ​ | 3.0 | ​ | 5.7 | ​ | 4.2 | ​ | 4.3 | ​ | 3.1 | ​ | 3.5 | ​ | 1.6
NPL Coverage Ratio |  | 115.2 | ​ | 117.0 | ​ | 115.3 | ​ | 147.7 | ​ | 176.1 | ​ | 144.4 | ​ | 150.4 | ​ | 141.6 | ​ | 150.2 | ​ | 139.8 | ​ | 151.6 | ​ | 121.2 | ​ | 94.0 | ​ | 136.0 | ​ | 110.0 | ​ | 128.0 | ​ | 140.0 | ​ | 159.0
ROAA Private Banks |  | 1.6 | ​ | 1.9 | ​ | 3.0 | ​ | 3.2 | ​ | 3.0 | ​ | 3.2 | ​ | 3.7 | ​ | 4.3 | ​ | 4.1 | ​ | 3.7 | ​ | 3.2 | ​ | 4.2 | ​ | 7.5 | ​ | 2.7 | ​ | 1.3 | ​ | 1.7 | ​ | 4.8 | ​ | 3.1
ROAA Financial System |  | 1.5 | ​ | 1.6 | ​ | 2.3 | ​ | 2.8 | ​ | 2.7 | ​ | 2.9 | ​ | 3.4 | ​ | 4.1 | ​ | 4.1 | ​ | 3.6 | ​ | 2.7 | ​ | 4.1 | ​ | 5.4 | ​ | 2.4 | ​ | 1.1 | ​ | 2.0 | ​ | 5.3 | ​ | 4.1
ROAE Private Banks |  | 10.9 | ​ | 15.2 | ​ | 22.9 | ​ | 24.5 | ​ | 25.6 | ​ | 26.4 | ​ | 29.1 | ​ | 32.1 | ​ | 31.2 | ​ | 29.4 | ​ | 26.6 | ​ | 35.6 | ​ | 60.3 | ​ | 16.6 | ​ | 7.6 | ​ | 9.1 | ​ | 23.4 | ​ | 12.5
ROAE Financial System |  | 11.0 | ​ | 13.4 | ​ | 19.2 | ​ | 22.6 | ​ | 25.3 | ​ | 25.7 | ​ | 29.5 | ​ | 32.7 | ​ | 32.4 | ​ | 29.6 | ​ | 23.4 | ​ | 36.1 | ​ | 46.4 | ​ | 16.4 | ​ | 7.2 | ​ | 11.4 | ​ | 26.9 | ​ | 15.7

​

Source: Central Bank

NPL and NPL Coverage: Central Bank. Figures are expressed following Argentine Banking GAAP. Until December 31, 2019 did not apply IFRS 9 provisions. Figures are expressed in original currency and not adjusted for inflation. 2020 information was impacted by: (i) the relief program ruled by the Central Bank amid the pandemic which allowed debtors to reschedule their loan payments originally maturing between April 2020 and March 2021, together with the automatic rescheduling of unpaid credit card balances due April and September 2020; and (ii) the Central Bank regulatory easing on debtor classifications amid the pandemic (adding a 60-days grace period before loans are classified as non-performing) and the suspension of mandatory reclassification of customers that are non-performing with other banks, but performing with Supervielle introduced in 1Q20 and extended until June 30, 2021.

ROAA and ROAE: Central Bank. Figures are expressed following Argentine Banking GAAP. Until December 31, 2019 did not apply IFRS 9 provisions. Figures are expressed in original currency and not adjusted for inflation. Since January 2020, Central Bank figures are expressed applying hyperinflation accounting

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The following tables show market share of Argentine banks in terms of loans and deposits (calculated with balance at the end of the reporting period) as of December 31, 2024 according to the Central Bank:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Market Share of Loans |  | December 31, 2024 |
BANCO DE LA NACION ARGENTINA S.A. |  | 20.3 | %
BANCO DE GALICIA Y BUENOS AIRES S.A.U. |  | 11.9 | %
BANCO SANTANDER ARGENTINA S.A. |  | 10.2 | %
BANCO BBVA ARGENTINA S.A. |  | 9.6 | %
BANCO DE LA PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES |  | 7.9 | %
BANCO MACRO S.A. |  | 7.7 | %
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL BANK OF CHINA (ARGENTINA) S.A.U. |  | 3.3 | %
BANCO PATAGONIA S.A. |  | 3.0 | %
BANCO SUPERVIELLE S.A. |  | 2.8 | %
BANCO GGAL SA |  | 2.6 | %
BANCO DE LA PROVINCIA DE CORDOBA S.A. |  | 2.5 | %
BANCO DE LA CIUDAD DE BUENOS AIRES |  | 2.4 | %
BANCO CREDICOOP COOPERATIVO LIMITADO |  | 2.1 | %
NUEVO BANCO DE SANTA FE SOCIEDAD ANONIMA |  | 1.3 | %
BANCO COMAFI SOCIEDAD ANONIMA |  | 1.1 | %

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Market Share of Deposits |  | December 31, 2024 |
BANCO DE LA NACION ARGENTINA |  | 22.7 | %
BANCO DE GALICIA Y BUENOS AIRES S.A.U. |  | 10.4 | %
BANCO SANTANDER ARGENTINA S.A. |  | 9.7 | %
BANCO DE LA PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES |  | 7.8 | %
BANCO BBVA ARGENTINA S.A. |  | 7.3 | %
BANCO MACRO S.A. |  | 6.1 | %
BANCO DE LA CIUDAD DE BUENOS AIRES |  | 3.6 | %
BANCO CREDICOOP COOPERATIVO LIMITADO |  | 3.4 | %
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL BANK OF CHINA (ARGENTINA) S.A.U. |  | 3.4 | %
BANCO PATAGONIA S.A. |  | 3.0 | %
BANCO SUPERVIELLE S.A. |  | 2.3 | %
BANCO GGAL SA |  | 2.3 | %
BANCO DE LA PROVINCIA DE CORDOBA S.A. |  | 2.3 | %
CITIBANK N.A. |  | 1.5 | %
BANCO INDUSTRIAL S.A. |  | 1.4 | %

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With respect to the distribution network, as of December 31, 2024, the financial system had 4,336 branches, 7,928 self-service terminals and 18,644 ATMs, with coverage throughout Argentina.

Presentation of Financial Statements in Pesos and Inflation

Argentina has faced and continues to face inflationary pressures. From 2011 to date, Argentina experienced increases in inflation as measured by CPI and WPI.

On January 8, 2016, based on its determination that the INDEC had failed to produce reliable statistical information, particularly with respect to CPI, GDP and foreign trade data, as well as poverty and unemployment rates, former President Macri declared a state of administrative emergency for the national statistical system and the INDEC until December 31, 2016. The INDEC suspended publication of certain statistical data pending reorganization of its technical and administrative structure to recover its ability to produce reliable statistical information. The INDEC published official CPI figures published by the City of Buenos Aires and the Province of San Luis for reference for the first four months of 2016. In June 2016, the INDEC began publishing an official inflation rate using its new methodology for calculating the CPI.

According to the available public information based on data from the City of Buenos Aires, CPI increased 38.0% in 2014, 26.9% in 2015, 41.0% in 2016, and 26.1% in 2017, while according to the data of the Province of San Luis, CPI grew 31.9% in 2013, 39.0% in 2014, 31.6% in 2015, 31.4% in 2016, and 24.3% in 2017.

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On July 11, 2017, the INDEC started to publish a national CPI (the “National CPI”). The National CPI is based on a survey conducted by INDEC and several provincial statistical offices in 39 urban areas encompassing each of the Republic’s provinces. Results are not reported by the provinces, but on a national level and for six statistical regions: the Greater Buenos Aires Metropolitan area (which is the CPI that resumed publication in June 2016), the Cuyo region, the Northeast region, the Northwest region, the Central (Pampeana) Region and the Southern (Patagonia) region. For the period of January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024, accumulated inflation using the National CPI was 117.8% compared to 211.4% for 2023, and 94.8% for 2022. In the past, the Argentine government has implemented programs to control inflation and monitor prices for essential goods and services, including attempts to freeze the price of certain supermarket products, and price support arrangements agreed between the Argentine government and private sector companies in several industries and markets that did not address the structural causes of inflation and failed to reduce inflation. Adjustments approved by the Argentine government in electricity and gas tariffs, as well as the increase in the price of gasoline have been passed through to prices, creating additional inflationary pressures.

The National CPI is prepared in accordance with current international standards and classifies individual consumption by purpose, previously used in the preparation of the former CPI. The adoption of the National CPI brings Argentina’s statistical practice in line with the OECD guidelines as well as the methodology followed by the statistical divisions of several international organizations, including the United Nations, World Bank, IMF, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Inter-American Development Bank. During 2024, the headline inflation index (measured through the Consumer Price Index) increased by 117.8% and core inflation (which excludes the effect of regulated and seasonal goods prices) increased by 105.5%.

During periods of high inflation, effective wages and salaries tend to fall and consumers adjust their consumption patterns to eliminate unnecessary expenses. The increase in inflationary risk may erode macroeconomic growth and further limit the availability of financing, causing a negative impact on our operations. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—If the levels of inflation increase, the Argentine economy and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.” and “Item 5.A. Operating Results—Presentation of Financial Statements in Pesos and Inflation.”

IAS 29 requires that financial statements of any entity whose functional currency is the currency of a hyperinflationary economy, be stated in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period. IAS 29 does not establish an inflation rate beyond which an economy is deemed to be experiencing hyperinflation. However, hyperinflation is commonly understood to occur when changes in price levels are close to or exceed 100% on a cumulative basis over the last three years, along with other several macroeconomic-related qualitative factors. Following this criteria, Argentine economy is considered hyperinflationary according to IAS 29 starting July 1, 2018. As a result, financial statements for the year ended on December 31, 2024 have been stated in terms of the measuring unit current at the consolidated financial statement date.

The following table shows the rate of inflation, as measured by the variations in the WPI and the CPI, according to INDEC and the evolution of the reference stabilization coefficient (“CER,” per its Spanish acronym) index and UVA used to adjust the principal of certain of our assets and liabilities, for the periods indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 | ​
​ |  | (in percentages) | ​
Price Indices:(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
WPI |  | 67.1 | % | 276.4 | % | 94.8 | %
CPI |  | 117.8 | % | 211.4 | % | 94.8 | %
Adjustment Index: |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |
CER |  | 151.62 | % | 149.67 | % | 90.20 | %
UVA(2) |  | 180.72 | % | 150.05 | % | 90.05 | %

(1)Source: INDEC, Central Bank

(2)UVAs are inflation adjusted units introduced in September 2016.

150

Currency Composition of our Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table sets forth our assets and liabilities denominated in Pesos, in Pesos adjusted by the CER and in foreign currency, at the dates indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
In Pesos, unadjusted |  | 3,245,449,547 |  | 3,712,901,886 |  | 4,061,944,463
In Pesos, adjusted by the CER |  | 305,839,914 |  | 123,095,082 |  | 173,414,837
In Foreign Currency(1) |  | 954,553,423 |  | 645,595,908 |  | 481,377,330
Total Assets |  | 4,505,842,884 |  | 4,481,592,876 |  | 4,716,736,630
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
In Pesos, unadjusted, including Shareholders’ Equity |  | 3,508,929,924 |  | 3,903,263,871 |  | 4,278,899,539
In Pesos, Adjusted by the CER |  | 59,866,639 |  | 13,233,221 |  | 16,670,093
In Foreign Currency(1) |  | 937,046,321 |  | 565,095,784 |  | 421,166,998
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  | 4,505,842,884 |  | 4,481,592,876 |  | 4,716,736,630

(1) | Converted into Pesos based on the reference exchange rates reported by the Central Bank for December 31, 2024 (U.S.$1.00 to Ps.1,032.50), December 31, 2023 (U.S.$1.00 to Ps.808.48) and December 31, 2022 (U.S.$1.00 to Ps.177.13).

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

We discuss below our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared with our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023. We expressly state that our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared with our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 are hereby incorporated by reference to

151

“Item 5.A. Operating Results” of the Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed by us with the SEC under the file number 001-37777.

Selected Ratios

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
SELECTED RATIOS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Return (loss) on average equity (1) |  | 13.2 | % | 16.8 | % | (5.2) | %
Return (loss) on average assets (2) |  | 2.6 | % | 2.5 | % | (0.7) | %
Net Interest Margin (3) |  | 34.6 | % | 31.5 | % | 19.6 | %
Net Fee Income Ratio (4) |  | 15.0 | % | 14.5 | % | 18.3 | %
Efficiency Ratio (5) |  | 50.6 | % | 54.7 | % | 79.9 | %
Cost/assets (6) |  | 12.9 | % | 13.5 | % | 13.0 | %
Basic earnings per share (Ps.) (7) |  | 237.7 |  | 253.9 |  | (75.0) |
Diluted earnings per share (Ps.) |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A |
Basic earnings (losses) per share (in US$) (8) |  | 0.2 |  | 0.2 |  | (0.1) |
Diluted (losses) per share (in U.S.$.) (8) |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A |
Liquidity and Capital |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |
Loans to Total Deposits (9) |  | 69.9 | % | 32.3 | % | 45.0 | %
Total Equity / Total Assets |  | 17.7 | % | 16.6 | % | 13.3 | %
Consolidated Capital / Risk weighted assets (10) |  | 16.1 | % | 21.4 | % | 12.9 | %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1)/ Risk weighted assets (10) |  | 16.1 | % | 21.4 | % | 12.3 | %
LCR Pro forma(10) |  | 107.1 | % | 112.6 | % | 103.5 | %
Risk Weighted Assets/Assets (10) |  | 80.8 | % | 51.3 | % | 61.4 | %
Asset Quality |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |
Non-performing loans as a percentage of Total Loans |  | 1.3 | % | 1.2 | % | 3.7 | %
Allowances as a percentage of Total Loans |  | 2.2 | % | 3.5 | % | 5.0 | %
Cost of risk (11) |  | 2.6 | % | 5.9 | % | 5.6 | %
Cost of risk, net (12) |  | 2.4 | % | 5.0 | % | 4.5 | %
Coverage Ratio(13) |  | 196.5 | % | 291.6 | % | 142.7 | %
Other Data |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |
Dividends paid to ordinary shares (Ps.thousands) |  | 24,996 |  | 27,963 |  | — |
Dividends per common share (Ps.) |  | 0.1 |  | 0.1 |  | — |

(1) | Attributable net income divided by average shareholders’ equity, calculated on a daily basis and measured in local currency.

(2) | Attributable net Income divided by average assets, calculated on a daily basis and measured in local currency.

(3) | Net interest income + Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss + Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost + Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency, divided by average interest-earning assets.

(4) | Net services fee income + Income from insurance activities divided by the sum of Net interest income + Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss + Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost + Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency, net Services fee income, Income from insurance activities , etc.

(5) | Personnel, Administrative expenses and Depreciation & Amortization divided by the sum of Net interest income + Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss + Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost + Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency, net Services fee income, Income from insurance activities and Other net operating income.

(6) | Administration expenses divided by average assets, calculated on a daily basis.

(7) | Basic earnings per share (in Pesos) are based upon the weighted average of Grupo Supervielle’s outstanding shares, which were 439,664,227 for the year ended December 31, 2024, 442,727,459 for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 454,274,443 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

(8) | Peso amounts have been translated into U.S. dollars at the reference exchange rate reported by the Central Bank as of December 31, 2024 which was Ps.1,032.50 to U.S.$1.00.

(9) | Loans and Leasing before allowances divided by total deposits.

(10) | For the calculation of these line items, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Banking Regulation and Supervision.” CET1 and total capital ratios for the year 2022 include the liquidity retained at the holding company (Grupo Supervielle) level, which were available for capital injections to our subsidiaries.

(11) | Loan loss provisions divided by total financing (Loans, Leasing, and off-balance guarantees granted to corporate customers as guaranteed SMEs bonds, “Pagares Bursatiles” and foreign trade transactions as of end of the reported period.

(12) | Loan loss provisions including recovered loan loss provisions divided by total financing (Loans, Leasing, and off-balance guarantees granted to corporate customers as guaranteed SMEs bonds, “Pagares Bursatiles” and foreign trade transactions as of end of the reported period).

152

(13) | Allowances for loan losses divided by non-performing loans.

Attributable Comprehensive Income and Attributable Net Income

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Change |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | December | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, | ​ | 31, | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2024/2023 |
​ |  | Ps. |  | Ps. |  | % | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Consolidated Income Statement Data | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |
Interest income | ​ | 1,661,292,847 | ​ | 2,521,043,538 | ​ | (34.1) | %
Interest expenses |  | (888,013,611) |  | (1,797,625,868) |  | (50.6) | %
Net interest income |  | 773,279,236 |  | 723,417,670 |  | 6.9 | %
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss |  | 141,064,297 |  | 300,690,295 |  | (53.1) | %
Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost |  | 82,063,602 |  | 36,708,632 |  | 123.6 | %
Exchange rate difference on gold and foreign currency |  | 9,272,117 |  | 12,632,268 |  | (26.6) | %
NIFFI and Exchange Rate Differences |  | 232,400,016 |  | 350,031,195 |  | (33.6) | %
Net Financial Income |  | 1,005,679,252 |  | 1,073,448,865 |  | (6.3) | %
Commissions income |  | 195,703,684 |  | 202,792,927 |  | (3.5) | %
Commissions expense |  | (42,580,483) |  | (52,646,702) |  | (19.1) | %
Income from insurance activities |  | 24,994,738 |  | 31,426,151 |  | (20.5) | %
Net Service Fee Income |  | 178,117,939 |  | 181,572,376 |  | (1.9) | %
Sub Total |  | 1,183,797,191 |  | 1,255,021,241 |  | (5.7) | %
Other operating income |  | 39,193,274 |  | 51,585,475 |  | (24.0) | %
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the currency |  | (305,891,382) |  | (237,195,789) |  | 29.0 | %
Loan loss provisions |  | (59,513,217) |  | (73,255,839) |  | (18.8) | %
Net Operating Revenue |  | 857,585,866 |  | 996,155,088 |  | (13.9) | %
Personnel expenses |  | (293,324,953) |  | (349,282,955) |  | (16.0) | %
Administration expenses |  | (174,327,118) |  | (183,876,763) |  | (5.2) | %
Depreciations and impairment of premises and equipment |  | (52,584,122) |  | (69,534,698) |  | (24.4) | %
Other operating expenses |  | (194,482,478) |  | (205,328,699) |  | (5.3) | %
Operating income |  | 142,867,195 |  | 188,131,973 |  | (24.1) | %
Results before taxes from continuing operations |  | 142,867,195 |  | 188,131,973 |  | (24.1) | %
Income tax |  | (38,297,900) |  | (75,640,054) |  | (49.4) | %
Net (loss) / income for the year |  | 104,569,295 |  | 112,491,919 |  | (7.0) | %
Net (loss) / income for the year attributable to parent company |  | 104,493,377 |  | 112,400,519 |  | (7.0) | %
Net (loss) / income for the year attributable to non-controlling interest |  | 75,918 |  | 91,400 |  | (16.9) | %
Total Other Comprehensive (loss) / income |  | (12,290,045) |  | 7,203,833 |  | (270.6) | %
Other comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to parent company |  | (12,274,629) |  | 7,195,601 |  | (270.6) | %
Other comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | (15,416) |  | 8,232 |  | (287.3) | %
Total Comprehensive (loss) / income |  | 92,279,250 |  | 119,695,752 |  | (22.9) | %
Total comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to parent company |  | 92,218,748 |  | 119,596,120 |  | (22.9) | %
Total comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | 60,502 |  | 99,632 |  | (39.3) | %
Return on Average Shareholders’ Equity |  | 13.2 | % | 16.8 | % |  | ​
Return on Average Assets |  | 2.6 | % | 2.5 | % |  | ​

​

153

Attributable net income in 2024 amounted to a Ps.104.5 billion gain, as compared to a Ps.112.4 billion gain in 2023. This decrease was mainly due to: (i) lower investment portfolio yields, following the decline in nominal interest rates and as we continued reallocating assets towards loan growth, (ii) a 117.8% inflation impacting higher balances of net monetary assets, and (iii) lower Bank’s net fee income. These were offset by (i) reduced funding costs following the decline in nominal interest rates, (ii) improved cost efficiencies, (iii) lower loan loss provisions as the expected credit losses model reflected the improvement of better macroeconomic expectations, and (iv) higher fee income from the brokerage and asset management businesses. .

In 2024, attributable comprehensive income amounted to Ps. 92.2 billion, compared to Ps.119.6 billion in 2023, mainly as a result of:

| (i) | a Ps.68.7 billion increase in the loss from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the currency to Ps.305.9 billion in 2024, compared to Ps.237.2 billion in 2023. This was due to a 117.8% inflation in 2024 which affected a higher balance of net monetary assets;

| (ii) | a 6.3% or Ps. 67.8 billion decrease in Net Financial Income to Ps. 1,005.7 billion compared to 1,073.4 billion in 2023 due to lower yields on lower investment portfolio average volumes, following the decline in nominal interest rates, while the Company continued reallocating assets towards loan growth. These were partially offset by a 16.0% decrease in interest bearing liabilities and 3,200 bps decrease in interest paid on those liabilities following the decrease in market interest rates; and

| (iii) | a 1.0% or Ps. 1.5 billion increase in Other Net Operating Losses.

These were partially offset by:

| (i) | a 13.7% or Ps. 82.4 billon decrease in personnel, administrative and depreciations and amortizations expenses, reflecting structural cost efficiencies and lower depreciations and amortizations,

| (ii) | a Ps. 38.3 billion charge in income tax compared to Ps. 75.6 billion in 2023,

| (iii) | a 18.8% or Ps. 13.7 billion decrease in Loan Loans Provisions reflecting provisions released following an update to the macroeconomic variables in the expected credit loss model, which incorporated expectations of a more favorable macroeconomic outlook, and

| (iv) | A 2.0% or Ps. 3.0 billion increase in Net Service Fee income (excluding income from insurance activities) to Ps. 153.1 billion from Ps. 150.1 billion in 2023. This was mainly explained by lower fees paid to credit cards processors and higher brokerage revenues from the asset management businesses, and IOL invertironline, while banking fees repricing did not fully offset inflation.

In 2024, ROAA and ROAE were 2.6% and 13.2%, respectively, as compared to 2.5% and 16.8%, respectively, in 2023.

Net Financial Income

Net financial income in 2024 amounted to Ps.1,005.7 billion and NIM was 34.6%, compared to Ps.1,073.4 billion and 31.5%, respectively, in 2023. The decline in net financial income is explained by the following declines: (i) 41.2%, or Ps.813.4 billion, in market-related income, reflecting lower volumes and yields on the investment portfolio, as the balance sheet transitions to a greater proportion of loans; and (ii) 18.3%, or Ps.164.0 billion, in client interest income, as a 17.7% decrease in the average loan portfolio rate following the decrease in market interest rates offset a 10.6% average loan growth. This was partially offset by a 50.6%, or Ps. 909.6 billion, reduction in interest expenses reflecting by a 16.0% decrease in interest bearing liabilities and a 32.0% decrease in interest paid on those liabilities following the decrease in market interest rates.

In 2024, NIM increased to 34.6% compared to 31.5% in 2023, mainly as a result of the reduction in the monetary policy rate and the elimination of minimum rates for time deposits in March 2024, which led to a significant decrease in funding costs while asset yield declined but at a lower pace, mainly in the first quarter of 2024.

154

The following table sets forth a breakdown of our net interest income, and net income from financial instruments (“NIFFI”), result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost and exchange rate differences as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Change |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
​ | ​ | $ | ​ | $ | ​ | % | ​
Net Interest Income |  | 773,279,236 |  | 723,417,670 |  | 6.9 | %
NIFFI, Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost and Exchange Rate differences |  | 232,400,016 |  | 350,031,195 |  | (33.6) | %
Total |  | 1,005,679,252 |  | 1,073,448,865 |  | (6.3) | %

​

NIM by currency

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
​ |  | (in percentages)
Net Interest Margin Breakdown |  |  |  |  | ​
Total NIM |  | 34.6 | % | 31.5 | %
Ps.NIM |  | 36.0 | % | 26.1 | %
U.S.$NIM |  | 21.7 | % | 98.7 | %
Loan Portfolio NIM |  | 21.5 | % | 15.8 | %
Ps.NIM |  | 24.4 | % | 16.5 | %
U.S.$NIM |  | 3.3 | % | 7.2 | %
Investment Portfolio NIM |  | 39.5 | % | 46.4 | %
Ps.NIM |  | 38.8 | % | 36.1 | %
U.S.$NIM |  | 46.8 | % | 134.5 | %

​

NIM includes the exchange rate differences and net gains or losses from currency derivatives.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income in 2024 totaled Ps.773.3 billion, a 6.9% increase from the Ps.723.4 billion recorded in 2023, mainly due to (i) a 50.6% reduction in interest expenses, driven by a 16.0% decrease in interest bearing liabilities and 32.0% decrease in interest paid on those liabilities following the decrease in market interest rates. This was partially offset by the following declines: (i) 42.9%, or Ps. 695.8 billion, in market-related income from Central Bank and government securities recorded at amortized cost, as the balance sheet transitioned to a higher proportion of loans; and (ii) 17.7% in the average loan portfolio rate following the decrease in market interest rates, more than offset a 10.6% average loan growth.

Interest Income

Interest income in 2024 totaled Ps.1,661.3 billion, a 34.1% decrease from the Ps.2,521.0 billion recorded in 2023, primarily due to (i) a lower result from securities of the treasury position measured at fair value through other comprehensive income and at amortized cost, (ii) a 18.1% or Ps.163.2 billion decrease, in income from loans mainly explained by a 17.7% decrease in interest earned

155

on loans while volumes increased 10.6% as the asset mix continued shifting toward private-sector loans. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our interest income was comprised of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024/2023 |
​ |  | Ps. |  | Ps. |  | % | ​
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Interest on overdrafts |  | 83,226,140 |  | 96,710,556 |  | (13.9) | %
Interest on promissory notes |  | 93,035,284 |  | 146,926,625 |  | (36.7) | %
Interest on personal loans |  | 117,122,816 |  | 144,712,780 |  | (19.1) | %
Interest on corporate unsecured loans |  | 151,610,849 |  | 209,330,644 |  | (27.6) | %
Interest on credit cards loans |  | 49,361,823 |  | 91,472,208 |  | (46.0) | %
Interest on mortgage loans |  | 145,917,120 |  | 135,796,466 |  | 7.5 | %
Interest on automobile and other secured loans |  | 56,906,745 |  | 27,383,291 |  | 107.8 | %
Interest on foreign trade loans |  | 9,591,092 |  | 6,925,018 |  | 38.5 | %
Interest on leases |  | 27,419,703 |  | 38,910,900 |  | (29.5) | %
Interest on government and corporate securities measured at amortized cost |  | 492,340,275 |  | 1,236,666,154 |  | (60.2) | %
Other* |  | 434,761,000 |  | 386,208,896 |  | 12.6 | %
Total |  | 1,661,292,847 |  | 2,521,043,538 |  | (34.1) | %

​

* Includes results from securities issued by the Central Bank, results from other securities recorded as available for sale and results from repo transactions with the Central Bank.

​

The following table sets forth our yields on interest-earning assets:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average |
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Nominal |
​ |  | Balance |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Rate |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Interest-Earning Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Investment Portfolio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Government and Corporate Securities |  | 1,002,968,351 |  | 68.9 | % | 497,171,064 |  | 90.1 | %
Securities Issued by the Central Bank |  | 4,739,737 |  | 99.6 | % | 990,065,384 |  | 92.5 | %
Total Investment Portfolio |  | 1,007,708,088 |  | 69.0 | % | 1,487,236,448 |  | 91.7 | %
Loans |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |
Loans to the Financial Sector |  | 8,946,787 |  | 40.5 | % | 5,277,190 |  | 53.5 | %
Overdrafts |  | 145,925,289 |  | 57.0 | % | 103,169,126 |  | 93.7 | %
Promissory Notes |  | 184,266,346 |  | 50.5 | % | 193,073,474 |  | 76.1 | %
Mortgage loans |  | 170,089,141 |  | 85.8 | % | 152,838,348 |  | 88.8 | %
Automobile and Other Secured Loans |  | 99,773,751 |  | 57.0 | % | 44,835,494 |  | 61.1 | %
Personal Loans |  | 160,164,537 |  | 73.1 | % | 174,519,636 |  | 82.9 | %
Corporate Unsecured Loans |  | 257,173,133 |  | 59.0 | % | 271,566,323 |  | 77.1 | %
Credit Card Loans |  | 175,508,297 |  | 28.1 | % | 227,482,163 |  | 40.2 | %
Receivables from Financial Leases |  | 69,801,710 |  | 39.3 | % | 61,883,600 |  | 62.9 | %
Total Loans excl. Foreign trade and U.S.$.loans |  | 1,271,648,991 |  | 57.3 | % | 1,234,645,354 |  | 72.4 | %
Foreign Trade Loans and U.S.$.loans |  | 188,577,196 |  | 5.1 | % | 85,647,587 |  | 8.1 | %
Total Loans |  | 1,460,226,187 |  | 50.5 | % | 1,320,292,941 |  | 68.2 | %
Repo transactions |  | 437,217,958 |  | 98.6 | % | 603,910,624 |  | 80.4 | %
Total Interest-Earning Assets |  | 2,905,152,233 |  | 64.2 | % | 3,411,440,013 |  | 80.6 | %

​

The average balance of loans totaled Ps.1,460.2 billion in 2024, representing a 10.6% increase from Ps.1320.3 billion in 2023. This was mainly explained by the following changes in average balance portfolio: (i) a 120.2% or Ps. 102.9 billion increase in foreign trades and US$ loans, (ii) a 122.5% or Ps.54.9 billion increase in Automobile and Other Secured Loans, (iii) a 41.4% or Ps.42.8 billion increase in overdrafts, and (iv) a 11.3% or Ps. 17.2 billion increase in mortgage loans. These were partially offset by: (i) a 22.8% or Ps.

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52.0 billion decrease in credit cards, (ii) a 5.3% or Ps 14.4 billion decrease in corporate unsecured loans, and (iii) a 8.2% or Ps. 14.3 billion decrease in personal loans.

Interest on public and corporate securities measured at amortized cost amounted to Ps.492.3 billion in 2024 compared to Ps. 1,236,7 billion in 2023. This line item mainly reflects results from investments in securities held to maturity or available for sale.

The average interest rate on total loans decreased to 50.5% in 2024 from 68.2% in 2023. Average BADLAR decreased 4,090 basis points in 2024 to 54.9% compared to 95.8% in 2023.

Interest Expenses

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our Interest expenses were comprised of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024/2023 |
​ |  | Ps. |  | Ps. |  | % |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Interest on current accounts deposits |  | 389,254,686 |  | 816,240,365 |  | (52.3) | %
Interest on time deposits |  | 471,880,282 |  | 956,011,925 |  | (50.6) | %
Interest on other financial liabilities |  | 12,253,138 |  | 7,885,998 |  | 55.4 | %
Interest from financing sector |  | 2,147,004 |  | 6,037,943 |  | (64.4) | %
Other |  | 12,478,501 |  | 11,449,637 |  | 9.0 | %
Total |  | 888,013,611 |  | 1,797,625,868 |  | (50.6) | %

​

Interest expenses for 2024 totaled Ps.888.0 billion, a 50.6% decrease from Ps.1,797.6 billion for 2023. This decrease was due to a 16.0% decrease in interest bearing liabilities and 3,200 bps decrease in interest paid on those liabilities following the decrease in market interest rates. In 2024, non-interest bearing deposits amounted to Ps725.8 billion decreasing 21.2% or Ps.195.5 billion from Ps.921.4 billion in 2023. Cost of funds decreased 2.230 basis points to 32.9% in 2024 from 55.2% in 2023.

The following table sets forth our yields on Interest-bearing liabilities and low and non-interest bearing deposits as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average |
​ | ​ | Average | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Average | ​ | Nominal |
​ |  | Balance |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Rate |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Interest-Bearing Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Special Checking Accounts |  | 1,050,850,218 |  | 37.0 | % | 1,166,179,952 |  | 70.0 | %
Ps. Savings Accounts |  | 810,864,840 |  | 47.7 | % | 1,024,551,523 |  | 79.6 | %
Fx Savings Accounts |  | 239,985,378 |  | 1.0 | % | 141,628,429 |  | 0.2 | %
Time Deposits |  | 859,333,687 |  | 54.9 | % | 1,130,002,871 |  | 84.6 | %
Ps. Time Deposits |  | 785,441,201 |  | 59.9 | % | 1,098,917,004 |  | 87.0 | %
Fx Time Deposits |  | 73,892,486 |  | 1.5 | % | 31,085,867 |  | 0.4 | %
Borrowings from Other Financial Instruments and Unsubordinated Negotiable Obligations |  | 40,966,279 |  | 35.2 | % | 27,036,820 |  | 51.5 | %
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities |  | 1,951,150,184 |  | 44.9 | % | 2,323,219,643 |  | 76.9 | %
Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Savings Accounts |  | 416,473,153 |  | 1.0 | % | 493,139,734 |  | 0.9 | %
Ps. Savings Accounts |  | 225,951,831 |  | 1.8 | % | 341,581,901 |  | 1.2 | %
Fx Savings Accounts |  | 190,521,322 |  | 0.0 | % | 151,557,833 |  | 0.0 | %
Checking Accounts |  | 309,376,758 |  | ​ |  | 428,239,014 |  | ​ |
Ps. Checking Accounts |  | 293,126,772 |  | — | % | 409,095,571 |  | — | %
Fx Checking Accounts |  | 16,249,986 |  | — | % | 19,143,443 |  | — | %
Total Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits |  | 725,849,911 |  | — | % | 921,378,748 |  | — | %
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities and Low and Non-Interest Bearing Deposits |  | 2,677,000,095 |  | 32.9 | % | 3,244,598,391 |  | 55.2 | %

​

​

​

Average balance of our interest-bearing liabilities in 2024 totaled Ps.1,951.1 billion, compared to Ps.2,323.2 billion in 2023. The Ps.372.1 billion decrease was explained by: (i) a 28.5% or Ps. 313.5 billion decrease to Ps.785.4 billion in the average balance of

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Peso time deposits, and (ii) a 20.9% or Ps. 213.7 billion decrease of interest-bearing Peso special checking accounts from Ps.1,024,5 billion in 2023 to Ps. 810.9 billion in 2024.

Average balance of our low or non-interest-bearing deposits in 2024 totaled Ps.725.8 billion, compared to Ps.921.4 billion in 2023. This decrease was mainly due to (i) a 27.8% or Ps.118.9 billion decrease in average balance of our checking accounts and (ii) a 33.9% or Ps. 115.6 billion decrease in the average balance of Peso saving accounts.

The following table sets forth our interest bearing deposits by denomination as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 |
​ |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Paid |  | Average Nominal Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Paid |  | Average Nominal Rate |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Savings accounts | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Pesos |  | 225,951,831 |  | 4,132,270 |  | 1.8 | % | 341,581,901 |  | 4,156,459 |  | 1.2 | %
Dollars |  | 190,521,322 |  | 51,277 |  | 0.0 | % | 151,557,832 |  | 37,227 |  | 0.0 | %
Total |  | 416,473,153 |  | 4,183,547 |  | 1.0 | % | 493,139,733 |  | 4,193,686 |  | 0.9 | %
Special checking accounts |  | ​ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 810,864,840 |  | 386,783,388 |  | 47.7 | % | 1,024,551,523 |  | 815,903,800 |  | 79.6 | %
Dollars |  | 239,985,378 |  | 2,471,298 |  | 1.0 | % | 141,628,429 |  | 336,565 |  | 0.2 | %
Total |  | 1,050,850,218 |  | 389,254,686 |  | 37.0 | % | 1,166,179,952 |  | 816,240,365 |  | 70.0 | %
Time deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 785,441,201 |  | 470,747,356 |  | 59.9 | % | 1,098,917,004 |  | 955,874,934 |  | 87.0 | %
Dollars |  | 73,892,486 |  | 1,132,926 |  | 1.5 | % | 31,085,867 |  | 136,991 |  | 0.4 | %
Total |  | 859,333,687 |  | 471,880,282 |  | 54.9 | % | 1,130,002,871 |  | 956,011,925 |  | 84.6 | %
Total by currency |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pesos |  | 1,822,257,872 |  | 861,663,014 |  | 47.3 | % | 2,465,050,428 |  | 1,775,935,193 |  | 72.0 | %
Dollars |  | 504,399,186 |  | 3,655,501 |  | 0.7 | % | 324,272,128 |  | 510,783 |  | 0.2 | %
Total Deposits |  | 2,326,657,058 |  | 865,318,515 |  | 37.2 | % | 2,789,322,556 |  | 1,776,445,976 |  | 63.7 | %

​

Net Income from financial instruments and Result from recognition of assets measured at amortized cost and Exchange rate differences

Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss, result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost and exchange rate differences for 2024 totaled Ps.232.4 billion, decreasing 33.6% from Ps.350.0 billion in 2023.

The following table sets forth our Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023
​ |  | Ps. |  | Ps.
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income from corporate and government securities |  | 133,719,708 |  | 278,299,120
Income from securities issued by the Argentine Central Bank |  | — |  | —
Derivatives |  | 7,344,589 |  | 22,391,175
Total |  | 141,064,297 |  | 300,690,295
Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost |  | 82,063,602 |  | 36,708,632
Exchange rate difference on gold and foreign currency |  | 9,272,117 |  | 12,632,268
Total |  | 232,400,016 |  | 350,031,195

​

​

158

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023
​ |  | Ps. |  | Ps.
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
Financial income from U.S. dollar operations |  | 40,658,268 |  | 218,159,421
NIFFI |  | 24,557,014 |  | 66,792,673
U.S. dollar Government Securities |  | 17,212,425 |  | 44,401,498
Term Operations |  | 7,344,589 |  | 22,391,175
Interest Income |  | 16,101,254 |  | 151,366,748
U.S. dollar Government Securities |  | 16,101,254 |  | 151,366,748
Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency |  | 9,272,117 |  | 12,632,268
Total Income from U.S. dollar operations |  | 49,930,385 |  | 230,791,689

​

Total income from U.S. dollar operations for 2024 totaled Ps.49.9 billion, compared to Ps.230.8 billion in 2023. This decrease is mainly explained by lower net gain on U.S.$ and U.S.$ linked government securities, lower results from term operations and lower exchange rate differences.Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money

Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the currency for 2024 totaled a Ps.305.9 billion loss, from the Ps.237.2 billion loss in 2023. This reflects the loss in the purchasing power of the currency to which our net monetary assets are exposed as a result of the 117.8% and 211.4% increases in consumer price index in 2024 and 2023, respectively, while net monetary assets increased in 2024 compared to 2023. Grupo Supervielle’s capital is hedged against inflation through different inflation linked instruments, including mortgage loans and sovereign bonds.

Loan Loss Provisions

Loan loss provisions totaled Ps.59.5 billion in 2024, a 18.8% decrease compared to Ps.73.3 billion in 2023. This decrease reflects provisions released following an update to the macroeconomic variables in the expected credit loss model, which incorporated expectations of a more favorable macroeconomic outlook compared to a weaker macroeconomic outlook in 2023. In 2024 and 2023, the level of provisioning reflects Grupo Supervielle’s IFRS9 expected loss models and the nominal growth of the loan portfolio.

Loan loss provisions include the expected losses for each portfolio and segment, based on past performance and current conditions as of the financial statements date. The increase in delinquency also requires expected losses to be measured for the whole life of each loan, instead of accounting for expected losses during a 12-month period. This increases significantly the probability of default for loans with a maturity of more than 1 year. For further information, see “Item 4.E. Selected Statistical Information—Amounts Past Due Loans and Other Financing.”

As of December 31, 2024, the coverage ratio was 196.5% compared to 291.6% as of December 31, 2023, reflecting Grupo Supervielle’s IFRS9 expected loss models and the nominal growth of the non-performing loan portfolio. The total non-performing loan (“NPL”) ratio was 1.3% as of December 31, 2024, increasing 10bps from 1.2% as of December 31, 2023.

See changes in loan loss provisions in Note 25 to our audited financial statements. Loans and Other Financing of our audited consolidated financial statements.

159

Net Services Fee Income

Our net services fee income was comprised of:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2024/2023 |
​ |  | Ps. |  | Ps. |  | % |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Commissions from deposits accounts | ​ | 63,795,582 | ​ | 81,425,932 | ​ | (21.7) | %
Commissions from credit and debit cards |  | 42,306,970 |  | 44,846,744 |  | (5.7) | %
Commissions from loans operations |  | 448,348 |  | 803,315 |  | (44.2) | %
Other Commissions |  | 89,152,784 |  | 75,716,936 |  | 17.7 | %
Total Services fee income |  | 195,703,684 |  | 202,792,927 |  | (3.5) | %
Exports and foreign currency operations |  | (1,501,752) |  | (1,209,718) |  | 24.1 | %
Commissions paid |  | (41,078,731) |  | (51,436,984) |  | (20.1) | %
Total Services fee expenses |  | (42,580,483) |  | (52,646,702) |  | (19.1) | %
Income from insurance activities |  | 24,994,738 |  | 31,426,151 |  | (20.5) | %
Net Service Fee Income |  | 178,117,939 |  | 181,572,376 |  | (1.9) | %

​

Net services fee income (excluding Income from insurance activities) totaled Ps.153.1 billion in 2024, a 2.0% increase compared to Ps.150.1 billion in 2023. This increase was mainly driven by:

| (i) | a 19.1% or Ps. 10.1 billion decrease in fee expenses mainly related to lower credit cards processors fees;

| (ii) | a 29.5% or Ps. 9.2 billion increase in brokerage fees to Ps. 40.3 billion in 2024 compared to Ps. 31.2 billion in 2023. In 2024, brokerage fees represented 20.6% of total fee income compared to 15.4% in 2023, demonstrating IOL invertironline’s ability to acquire and retain customers, and

| (iii) | a 36.8% or Ps. 22.9 million increase in asset management fees that represented 11.7% of total fee income in 2024 compared to 8.3% in 2023.

This increase were partially offset by (i) lower banking business fee income as fee repricing did not match the 117.8% increase in inflation in Argentina in 2024 resulting in a 21.7% or Ps.17.6 billion decrease in deposit account commissions (comprised principally of maintenances and transactions fees con checking and savings accounts), (ii) a 5.7% or Ps. 2.5 billion decrease in credit card commissions, and (iii) a 44.2% or Ps. 355.0 million decrease in loan related fees.

Income from insurance activities

Income from insurance activities amounted to Ps.25.0 billion in 2024, reflecting a 20.5% decrease from the Ps.31.4 billion recorded in 2023. In 2024, Claims paid amounted to Ps.6.6 billion increasing 18.6% compared to 2023, while gross written premiums increased 2.7% from 2023, with non-credit related policies decreasing Ps.960 million, or 5.0%.

160

Personnel and Administration Expenses

The following table sets forth the components of our administrative expenses:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31, | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2024/2023 |
​ |  | Ps. |  | Ps. |  | % |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Payroll and social securities |  | 275,161,498 |  | 326,784,995 |  | (15.8) | %
Other expenses |  | 18,163,455 |  | 22,497,960 |  | (19.3) | %
Total Personnel expenses |  | 293,324,953 |  | 349,282,955 |  | (16.0) | %
Directors’ and statutory auditors’ fees |  | 5,039,046 |  | 7,168,384 |  | (29.7) | %
Professional fees |  | 47,319,392 |  | 54,453,979 |  | (13.1) | %
Advertising and publicity |  | 16,905,233 |  | 10,315,925 |  | 63.9 | %
Taxes |  | 40,173,289 |  | 44,441,482 |  | (9.6) | %
Maintenance, security and services |  | 45,660,777 |  | 42,797,626 |  | 6.7 | %
Rent |  | 112,572 |  | 144,595 |  | (22.1) | %
Others |  | 19,116,809 |  | 24,554,772 |  | (22.1) | %
Total Administration Expenses |  | 174,327,118 |  | 183,876,763 |  | (5.2) | %
Total Personnel and Administration Expenses |  | 467,652,071 |  | 533,159,718 |  | (12.3) | %

​

In 2024, personnel expenses amounted to Ps.293.3 billion, a 16.0% or Ps.56.0 billion decrease compared to 2023 reflecting efficiencies implemented and the lower impact from inflation on annual personnel expense provisions. Personnel expenses includes severance payments and early retirement charges related to Grupo Supervielle’s efficiency programs of Ps.24.4 billion in 2024 and Ps.22.9 billion in 2023.

The employee base at the end of 2024 reached 3,456 people, decreasing 5.7%, or 207 employees, compared to 2023. The Bank’s headcount was reduced by 172 employees or 5.4% compared to 2023. IOL invertironline reduced its staff by 11 employees compared to 2023. Insurance increased its staff by 3 employees or 1.9% compared to 2023.

Administration expenses totaled Ps.174.3 billion in 2024,decreasing 5.2% from the Ps.183.9 billion recorded in 2023. This performance was mainly driven by decreases of: (i) 13.1%, or Ps.7.1 billion, in Other professional fees and (ii) 9.6%, or Ps. 4.3 billion, in Taxes. These reductions were partially offset by a 63.9%, or Ps. 6.6 billion, increase in Advertising & Publicity reflecting costs associated with advertising campaign in 2024.

In 2024, the efficiency ratio was 50.6%, improving from 54.7% in 2023. This decrease reflects a 13.7% or Ps. 82.4 billion decreases in total expenses outpacing the 6.6%, or Ps. 72.8 billion, decrease in Revenues.

Other Income/(Expenses), Net

We had other expenses, net of Ps.155.3 billion for 2024, compared to Ps.153.7 billion in 2023. This line item includes a Turnover Tax of Ps. 82.4 billion in 2024 compared to Ps. 119.7 billion in 2023. Excluding Turnover Tax, Other expenses, net amounted to Ps. 72.9 billion in 2024 compared to Ps. 34.0 billion in 2023. This increase mainly reflects a contingency provision related to Turnover Tax that amounted to Ps. 31.8 billion as of December 31, 2024.

Since January 2020, January 2023, and January 2024, the tax authorities of the City of Buenos Aires, Mendoza Province, and Buenos Aires Province, respectively, have imposed a Turnover Tax on revenues from Central Bank securities and instruments (Leliqs/Notaliqs or Repos).

The Central Bank initiated declaratory actions of certainty against the tax authorities of the City of Buenos Aires and the Province of Mendoza regarding the unconstitutionality of the measures implemented and is also working on actions before the Province of Buenos Aires since these measures directly and severely affect the purposes and functions assigned to the institution, substantially altering the execution of national monetary and financial policy. The Central Bank also cited that the imposition of this Turnover Tax is in clear contradiction to the provisions of the National Constitution and its Organic Charter. The Central Bank has the authority to issue instruments to regulate monetary policy and achieve financial and exchange stability.

161

Through the enacted laws, provincial governments exceed their powers by imposing taxes on these monetary policy instruments, the regulation, implementation, and/or use of which falls within the jurisdiction of the Central Bank. This directly impacts the immunity principle of the national government's policy as these revenues cannot be subject to taxation at the local level due to their immunity or non-taxable status. Both municipalities and provinces lack tax authority over financial instruments issued by the National Government.

In line with the submissions made by the Central Bank, the Argentine Banking Association (ABA), the Argentine Bankers' Association (ADEBA), and the majority of financial institutions operating in these provinces have also filed constitutional actions against these regulations. These actions are still pending resolution by the Supreme Court of Justice.

Based on the aforementioned, the Bank believes that the arguments supporting the non-taxability of these instruments are well-founded and supported by expert opinions from both internal and third-party specialists. The Bank considers the likelihood of a favorable ruling to be the most probable outcome. Consequently, the Bank has ceased paying the tax on the revenues generated by Repo transactions in the City of Buenos Aires since April 2023 and in the Province of Buenos Aires since January 2024.

As of September 30, 2023, Law No. 6655 was published in the City of Buenos Aires, establishing a reduction of the Turnover Tax rate to 0% or 2.85% for the Central Bank's repo transactions and securities, subject to regulation and contingent on the effective transfer of revenue-sharing funds or agreements reached with the National Government. As of December 31, 2024, the Bank received a tax assessment from AGIP (the City of Buenos Aires Tax Authority) for the period June to August 2023. Consequently, the Bank recorded a contingency provision of Ps.31.8 billion. Regarding the ongoing matter in the Province of Mendoza, following the publication of General Resolution (ATM Mendoza) No. 70/2024 in Article 17, the Bank requested acceptance of the determined amounts and a reduction of the penalty to the legal minimum, and proceeded with the payment of Ps.5.6 million. This settlement was formally accepted by the ATM Mendoza through Administrative Resolutions No. 198 and 533 of 2024. As of the issuance date of this annual report, the Bank is working on withdrawing its legal action filed before the Supreme Court of Justice.

Other Comprehensive Income, net of tax

Other comprehensive income, net of tax totaled a net loss of Ps.12.3 billion in 2024 compared to a net gain of Ps.7.2 billion in 2023. Other Comprehensive Income in 2024 reflects mark to market valuation of government securities held by the Company recorded at Fair value through other comprehensive income, partially offset by Other Comprehensive loss from the valuation of real estate assets at market value.

Income Tax

The tax reform passed by the Argentine Congress in December 2017 and the amendment to Income Tax Law No. 20,628 (the “Income Tax Law”) passed in December 2019, allowed the deduction of losses arising from exposures to changes in the purchasing power of the currency, only if inflation as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) issued by the INDEC would exceed the following thresholds applicable for each fiscal year: 55% in 2018, 30% in 2019 and 15% in 2020. For 2021 and subsequent periods, inflation should exceed 100% in 3 years on a cumulative basis to deduct inflation losses. In 2018, the 55% threshold was not met, but in 2019 inflation widely exceeded 30%. Therefore, since 2019 the income tax provision considers the losses arising from exposures to changes in the purchasing power of the currency, which significantly lowered the income tax expense compared to previous years.

The income tax rate applicable to Argentine entities for the 2025 fiscal period follows a three-tier structure based on the accumulated taxable net income, which thresholds adjusts annually according to the CPI. The updated tax rate structure is as follows: (i) net taxable income accumulated up to Ps.101.6 million will be subject to a rate of 25%; (ii) net taxable income accumulated over Ps.101.6 million up to Ps.1,016 million will incur a payment of Ps. 25.4 million plus 30% on the excess over Ps.1,016 illion; and (iii) net taxable income accumulated over Ps.1,016 million will be subject to a payment of Ps. 299.9 million plus 35% on the excess over Ps.1,016 million.

In 2024, Grupo Supervielle recorded an income tax loss of Ps.38.3 billion compared to an income tax loss of Ps.75.6 billion in 2023. The taxable income of each company is calculated on a stand-alone basis excluding the impact of the equity method results on their respective subsidiaries. In addition, permanent differences between inflation adjustment for tax purposes and according to IAS 29 may arise, which may increase or decrease the effective tax rate.

162

Results by Segments

Our results by segments for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are shown in Note 3 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

Personal and Business Banking

Attributable income in 2024 recorded a Ps.101.7 billion loss, compared to a Ps.66.8 billion loss in 2023. The main factors explaining this increase were: (i) a Ps.104.2 billion increase in the loss from net monetary position, (ii) a Ps. 34.1 billion decrease in net financial income driven by decreasing market interest rates impacting interest earned on loans while average volumes increased in 2024 compared to 2023. This was partially offset by lower cost of funding; and (iii) a Ps. 8.1 billion or 9.6% decrease in net service fee income as fees repricing did not anticipate the increase of 117.8% in inflation in Argentina in 2024.

These were partially offset by: (i) a Ps. 66.9 billion or 14.4% decrease in personnel expenses, administrative expenses and depreciation and amortizations; (ii) a tax gain of Ps.57.9 billion in 2024 compared to a tax gain of Ps. 30.5 billion in 2023; (iii) a Ps. 10.0 billion or 14.3% decrease in Other net operating losses; and (iv) a Ps. 7.2 billion or 12.5% decrease in Loan Loss Provisions. Loan loss provisions include the expected losses for each portfolio and segment, based on past performance and current conditions as of the financial statements date. Delinquency requires expected losses to be measured for the whole life of each loan, instead of accounting for expected losses during a 12 month period. This increases significantly the probability of default for loans with a maturity of more than one year. The performance reflects the update to the macroeconomic variables in the expected credit loss model, which incorporated expectations of a more favorable macroeconomic outlook in 2024 compared to 2023.

In 2024, the Personal & Business Banking segment loans (including receivables from financial leases) reached Ps. 1,278.6 billion as of December 31, 2024, increasing 126.4% from 2023. The Personal & Business loan portfolio reflects robust growth in retail loans, with strong demand in car loans where the Company holds the #2 market position in car loan origination, as well as in mortgage loans, personal loans and credit cards.

In 2024, the Personal & Business Banking segment’s deposits amounted to Ps. 1,403.6 billion, an 11.1% increase from the Ps. 1,263.3 billion in 2023.

Corporate Banking

Attributable income in 2024 recorded a Ps.9.9 billion gain, compared to a Ps.22.4 billion gain in 2023, mainly due to: (i) a 36.4% or Ps. 50.5 billion decrease in Net Financial Income driven by decreasing market interest rates impacting interest earned on loans while average volumes increased in 2024 compared to 2023. This was partially offset by lower cost of funding.

​

These were partially offset by: (i) Other expenses, net loss of Ps. 15.5 billion compared to a net loss of Ps. 27.6 million in 2023; (ii) an income tax charge of Ps. 1.3 billion in 2024 compared to Ps. 12.8 million in 2023; (iii) a Ps. 9.0 billion or 79.4% decline in Loan Loss Provisions. The performance reflects the update to the macroeconomic variables in the expected credit loss model, which incorporated expectations of a more favorable macroeconomic outlook in 2024 compared to 2023. Loan loss provisions include the expected losses for each portfolio and segment, based on past performance and current conditions as of the financial statements date; (iv) a Ps. 2.8 billion or 18.9% decrease in the loss in the purchasing power or the currency to which our net monetary assests are exposed; and (v) a 4.2% or Ps.2.7 billion decrease in Personnel, Administrative expenses and Depreciations and Amortizations mainly due lower personnel expenses following the cost efficiency initiatives implemented in 2024.

​

In 2024, the corporate banking segment’s loan and financing portfolio totaled Ps. 800.1 billion compared to Ps. 428.2 billion in 2023 reflecting higher credit demand following the decline in the inflation rate and lower market interest rates. In 2024 corporate deposits amounted to Ps. 699.2 billion, compared to Ps. 468.6 billion in 2023.

Treasury

Attributable income in 2024 recorded a Ps. 171.1 billion gain, compared to a Ps. 131.2 billion gain in 2023.

This performance is explained by: (i) a 11.1% or Ps. 55.5 billion increase in Net Financial Income due to the result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost and lower cost of fund reflecting the decline on market interest rates and lower

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interest bearing liabilities volumes; (ii) a Ps. 14.3 billion or 6.9% decrease in the loss from exposure to changes in the purchasing power; and (iii) a Ps. 5.0 billion or 15.2% decrease in in Personnel, Administrative expenses and Depreciations and Amortizations mainly due to the strategy to capture operating efficiencies at the Bank.

This was partially offset by: (i) Other expenses net loss of Ps. 79.0 billion compared to a net loss of Ps. 52.4 million in 2023; and (ii) an income tax charge of Ps. 78.9 billion compared to Ps. 72.8 billion in 2023.

Consumer Finance

As of December 31, 2022, IUDÚ and Tarjeta were in the process of merging into the Bank. The Merger date was set effective January 1, 2023, inclusive, date from which Banco Supervielle S.A. in its capacity as absorbing and continuing company, assumed the activities of IUDÚ Compañía Financiera S.A. and Tarjeta Automática S.A., assuming the rights and obligations corresponding to those companies. On June 8, 2023, the final merger commitment was signed. The forementioned decision was approved by the Central Bank of the Argentine Republic on December 1, 2023 under Resolution No. 478 and by the National Securities Commission on December 13, 2023 under Resolution N°RESFC-2023-22557-APN-DIR#CNV.

Insurance

Attributable income totaled Ps. 6.5 billion in 2024 compared to Ps. 7.8 billion in 2023. This was due to (i) a 48.5 % or Ps. 11.8 billion decrease in Net Financial Income, and (ii) a 25.5% or Ps. 7.3 billion decrease in Net Service Fee income. In 2024, gross written premiums increased 4.8% from 2023.

These were partially offset by: (i) a 68.9% or Ps. 10.7 billion decrease in personnel and administrative expenses and Depreciation and Amortization to Ps. 4.9 billion from Ps. 15.6 billion in 2023, (ii) a Ps.6.9 billion decrease in the net loss from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the currency, and (iii) an income tax charge of Ps. 3.9 billion from Ps. 4.4 billion in 2023.

Asset Management and Other Services

Attributable Income recorded a Ps.43.5 billion gain in 2024 compared to Ps.23.0 billion gain in 2023. The increase in 2024 was mainly driven by: a Ps.11.1 billion increase in net service fee income to Ps.66.6 billion in 2024 from Ps. 55.5 billion in 2023 due to higher revenues from IOL invertironline and from the asset management business. In 2024, brokerage fees represented 20.6% of total fee income compared to 15.4% in 2023, demonstrating IOL invertironline’s ability to acquire and retain customers.

This was partially offset by a Ps.5.3 billion decrease in Net Financial Income to Ps. 21.7 billion in 2024 compared to Ps. 27.0 billion in 2023, mainly due to lower yields on government securities; and a 38.0% or Ps. 6.7 billion increase in the los from exposure to the purchasing power of the currency.

Adjustments

Results incurred by Grupo Supervielle at the holding level, and transactions between segments, are not allocated to any particular segment for internal reporting purposes and are disclosed under “Adjustments” to reconcile the total of each line item with the amounts appearing in our statement of income.

Inter-segment transactions offset each other and do not impact total direct earnings on a consolidated basis. Other results not allocated to segments totaled an attributable loss of Ps.24.8 billion loss in 2024 compared to a Ps.5.3 billion loss in 2023.

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Consolidated Assets

The structure and main components of our consolidated assets as of the dates indicated were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | As of December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 |
​ |  | Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | % | ​
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Cash and due from banks |  | 652,975,869 |  | 14.5 | % | 498,892,707 |  | 11.1 | %
Debt Securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 263,332,202 |  | 5.8 | % | 101,076,778 |  | 2.3 | %
Loans and financing portfolio |  | 2,170,078,164 |  | 48.2 | % | 1,050,611,692 |  | 23.4 | %
Other debt securities |  | 812,895,743 |  | 18.0 | % | 546,979,858 |  | 12.2 | %
Other assets(1) |  | 606,560,906 |  | 13.5 | % | 2,284,031,841 |  | 51.0 | %
Total |  | 4,505,842,884 |  | 100.0 | % | 4,481,592,876 |  | 100.0 | %

(1) | Includes mainly other receivables from financial transactions, equity investments, miscellaneous receivables, bank premises and equipment, miscellaneous assets, and intangible assets.

Of our Ps.4,505.8 billion total assets as of December 31, 2024, Ps.4,260.8 billion, equivalent to 94.6% of the total assets, corresponded to the Bank. As of December 31, 2024, our total direct exposure to the public sector amounted to Ps.949.1 billion which is primarily composed of our holdings of government securities.

​

Item 5.BLiquidity and Capital Resources

Asset and Liability Management

The purpose of the asset and liability management is to structure our consolidated statement of financial position in light of interest rates, liquidity and foreign exchange risks, as well as market risk, public sector risk and our capital structure. Our Asset and Liability Committee (“ALCO”) establishes specific limits with respect to risk exposure, sets forth our policy with respect to pricing and approves commercial policies which may have a financial impact on our balance sheet. It is also responsible for the follow-up of monetary aggregates and financial variables, our liquidity position, regulations from the Central Bank and monitoring the competitive environment in assets, liabilities and interest rates.

Our main source of liquidity is the Bank’s deposit base. The Bank also receives deposits and interbank calls and issue short-term debt securities in the Argentine capital markets for financing. Additionally, long-term financing and capital contributions enable us to cover most of our liquidity requirements.

On July 20, 2022, our Board of Directors approved the establishment of the following terms and conditions for the acquisition of its own shares under a repurchase program of the Group’s shares pursuant to Article 64 of Law 26,831 and CNV regulations (the “First Program”): (i) maximum amount of the investment: up to Ps.2,000,000,000; (ii) maximum number of shares to be acquired: up to 10% of the capital stock of Grupo Supervielle, as established by the applicable Argentine laws and regulations; (iii) payable price: up to Ps.138.00 per Class B share and U.S.$2.20 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange, and (iv) term for the acquisition: 250 days as from the next day of the date of publication of the information in the Bolsa de Buenos Aires Daily Bulletin, subject to any renewal or extension of the term, which will be informed to the public by the same means. On September 13, 2022, the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle decided to increase the payable price related to the acquisitions under the First Program to Ps.155.00 per Class B share and U.S.$2.70 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange. On December 27, 2022, the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle decided to further increase the payable price related to the acquisition of Grupo Supervielle’s Class B shares under the First Program to Ps.200.00 per Class B share. The First Program expired in March 2023 and it was not renewed. Under the First Program we acquired 11,093,572 Class B Shares and 591,384 ADSs, reaching an execution of 86.3% of the First Program and repurchasing 3.076% of the outstanding capital stock. Our annual ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 19, 2024 resolved to delegate to our board of directors the authority to sell or dispose in the future the treasury shares that the Group repurchased under the First Program in compliance with applicable regulations.

On April 19, 2024, our Board of Directors approved the establishment of the following terms and conditions for the acquisition of its own shares under a repurchase program of the Group’s shares pursuant to Article 64 of Law 26,831 and CNV regulations (the “Second Program” and, together with the First Program, the “Programs”): (i) maximum amount of the investment: up to Ps.4 billion;

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(ii) maximum number of shares to be acquired: up to 10% of the capital stock of Grupo Supervielle, as established by the applicable Argentine laws and regulations; (iii) payable price: up to Ps.1,600 per Class B share and U.S.$8.00 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange, and (iv) term for the acquisition: 120 days as from the next day of the date of publication of the information in the Bolsa de Buenos Aires Daily Bulletin, subject to any renewal or extension of the term, which will be informed to the public by the same means.

On May 7, 2024, our Board of Directors increased the maximum price to be paid per share under the Second Program to US$10 per ADR in the New York Stock Exchange and up to a maximum of Ps.2,400 per Class B share in ByMA. On June 4, 2024, our Board of Directors modified the terms of the Second Program as follows: (i) the maximum amount of the investment under the Second Program was increased to up to Ps.8 billion or the lesser amount until reaching 10% of the share capital of Grupo Supervielle, including treasury shares, and (ii) the amount of acquisitions may not exceed 25% of the average daily transaction volume of Grupo Supervielle’s shares during the previous 90 business days in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 26,831. For the purpose of calculating the limit established by current regulations, we will take into account the average daily transaction volume of the shares in the period indicated in ByMA and the NYSE. On July 8, 2024, Supervielle announced the completion of the Second Program. Under the Second Program Supervielle acquired a total of 4,940,665 Class B shares, equivalent to 1.08177% of the share capital.

On January 22, 2025, our Board of Directors approved the sale of up to 4,567,223 Class B shares held in treasury, in accordance with Section 67 of Law No. 26,831 and the regulations of the CNV. The proceeds from the sale of the Class B shares are expected to be used to make capital contributions to Supervielle Agente de Negociación. As of the date of this annual report, we did not sell any Class B shares in connection with this approval.

As of the date of this annual report, we hold 18,991,157 Class B shares (including shares represented by ADSs) which correspond to all the Class B Shares and ADSs acquired under the Programs. For more information, see “Item 16.E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.”

As of December 31, 2024, the LCR Pro forma was 107.1% compared to 112.6% as of December 31, 2023.

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Consolidated Cash Flows

The table below summarizes the information from our consolidated statements of cash flows for the three years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, which is also discussed in more detail below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
Net (loss) /income for the year | ​ | 104,569,295 | ​ | 112,491,919 | ​ | (34,127,728)
Adjustments to obtain flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax |  | 38,297,900 |  | 75,640,054 |  | (24,311,301)
Depreciation and Impairment of Property, plant and equipment |  | 52,584,122 |  | 69,534,698 |  | 68,481,877
Loan loss provisions |  | 59,513,217 |  | 73,255,839 |  | 96,098,277
Other adjustments |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exchange rate difference on gold and foreign currency |  | (9,272,117) |  | (12,632,268) |  | (18,600,899)
Interest from loans and other financings |  | (1,661,292,847) |  | (2,521,043,538) |  | (1,708,038,478)
Interest from deposits and financing received |  | 888,013,611 |  | 1,797,625,868 |  | 1,122,352,416
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss |  | (141,064,297) |  | (300,690,295) |  | (123,736,947)
Fair value measurement of investment properties |  | 10,188,877 |  | 15,270,191 |  | 5,451,222
Results from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money |  | 305,891,382 |  | 237,195,789 |  | 120,362,179
Interest on liabilities for financial leases |  | 1,920,878 |  | 73,365 |  | 3,386,547
Allowances reversed |  | (4,607,832) |  | (11,982,685) |  | (22,054,889)
Fair value measurement of investment properties | ​ | (82,063,602) |  | (36,708,632) |  | (3,335,307)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(Increases) / decreases from operating assets: |  | ​ |  |  |  |
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 110,559,464 |  | 410,410,400 |  | 130,202,160
Derivatives |  | 3,636,522 |  | (6,260,077) |  | 926,390
Repo transactions |  | 1,645,657,441 |  | (1,499,306,678) |  | 419,673,327
Loans and other financing |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
To the non-financial public sector |  | 1,276,124 |  | (2,624,770) |  | (1,582,830)
To the other financial entities |  | (11,646,076) |  | (4,354,012) |  | (3,355,875)
To the non-financial sector and foreign residents |  | 497,290,942 |  | 3,002,490,513 |  | 2,103,258,859
Other debt securities |  | (265,915,885) |  | 1,282,181,407 |  | (786,527,498)
Financial assets in guarantee |  | (74,347,521) |  | (2,887,713) |  | 14,692,042
Investments in equity instruments |  | — |  | — |  | —
Other assets |  | 70,481,375 |  | (203,881,815) |  | 104,767,978
Increases / (decreases) from operating liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-financial public sector |  | (74,686,296) |  | 30,578,889 |  | 37,233,310
Financial sector |  | (852,452) |  | 349,898 |  | 171,349
Private non-financial sector and foreign residents |  | (1,010,608,387) |  | (2,168,443,451) |  | (1,257,270,988)
Derivatives |  | 1,734,047 |  | — |  | —
Repo operations |  | 31,914,891 |  | 2,047,701 |  | —
Liabilities at fair value with changes in results |  | (1,323,792) |  | (13,182,617) |  | (12,615,674)
Other liabilities |  | 47,400,025 |  | 33,136,242 |  | (214,510,885)
Income Tax paid |  | (14,388,375) |  | (14,326,676) |  | (5,743,355)

​

​

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​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES (A) |  | 518,860,634 |  | 343,957,546 |  | 11,245,279
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |
Net payments related to: |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of PPE, intangible assets and other assets |  | (57,388,325) |  | (53,899,257) |  | (56,702,974)
Purchase of liabilities and equity instruments issued by other entities |  | 86,252 |  | 2,611,040 |  | 82,996
Purchase of investments in subsidiaries |  | — |  | — |  | —
Collections: |  |  |  |  |  |
Disposals related to PPE, intangible assets and other assets |  | 11,059,471 |  | 10,154,017 |  | 5,390,421
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES (B) |  | (46,242,602) |  | (41,134,200) |  | (51,229,557)
CASH FLOW OF FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |
Payments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Leases |  | (8,893,219) |  | (10,897,240) |  | (17,262,197)
Unsubordinated negotiable obligations |  | (2,342,101) |  | (3,882,340) |  | (10,184,994)
Financing received from Argentine Financial Institutions |  | (267,100,285) |  | (331,717,810) |  | (1,183,896,947)
Subordinated negotiable obligations |  | — |  | — |  | —
Dividends |  | (27,962,555) |  | — |  | (3,335,464)
Acquisition of treasury shares |  | (9,916,857) |  | (1,870,162) |  | (9,380,411)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos)
Collections: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unsubordinated negotiable obligations |  | 52,092,812 |  | 75,242 |  | —
Financing received from Argentine Financial Institutions |  | 300,536,024 |  | 300,081,404 |  | 1,138,802,074
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES (C) |  | 36,413,819 |  | (48,210,906) |  | (85,257,939)
EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES AND EXPOSURE TO CHANGES IN THE PURCHASING POWER OF MONEY ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (D) |  | 265,181,131 |  | 472,458,135 |  | 21,138,355
RESULT FROM EXPOSURE TO CHANGES IN THE PURCHASING POWER OF THE CURRENCY OF CASH AND EQUIVALENTS (E) |  | (561,800,396) |  | (545,654,907) |  | (117,829,693)
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (A+B+C+D+E) |  | 212,412,586 |  | 181,415,668 |  | (221,933,555)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR |  | 550,325,469 |  | 368,909,801 |  | 590,843,356
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE YEAR |  | 762,738,055 |  | 550,325,469 |  | 368,909,801

​

Management believes that cash flows from operations and available cash and cash equivalent balances will be sufficient to fund our financial commitments and capital expenditures in 2025.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

In 2024, operating activities provided Ps. 518.9 billion of net cash, compared to Ps. 343.9 billion of net cash provided in 2023. Net decrease in Private non-financial sector and foreign residents deposits amounted to Ps. 1,010.6 billion in 2024, compared to a net decrease of Ps. 2,168.4 billion in 2023. Net operating activities used Ps. 1,759.8 billion in 2024 from debt securities, derivatives and repo transactions compared to Ps. 1,095.1 billion provided in 2023. Net operating activities provided Ps. 486.9 billion from loans to the non-financial sector and foreign residents in 2024, compared to Ps. 2,995.5 billion in 2023.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

In 2024, we used Ps. 46.2 billion of net cash in our investing activities, compared to Ps. 41.1 billion of net cash used in 2023. In 2024, funds used mainly in intangible assets and others were Ps. 57.4 billion compared to Ps. 53.9 billion used in 2023.

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Cash Flows from Financing Activities

In 2024, net cash provided in financing activities was Ps. 36.4 billion, compared to Ps. 48.2 billion used in 2023.

In 2024, net funds provided to make payments of unsubordinated negotiable obligations was Ps. 49.7 billion, compared to Ps.3.8 billion used in 2023. Net collections from Argentine financial institutions was Ps. 33.4 billion in 2024, compared to Ps. 31.6 billion net payments in 2023. In 2024 and 2023, net cash used in dividends payments was Ps. 28.0 million and Ps. 0 billion, respectively.

Funding

Deposits

Our major source of funding is the Bank’s significant deposit base comprised of checking and savings accounts and time deposits. The following table presents the composition of our consolidated deposits as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | As of December 31, |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
From the non-financial public sector |  | 144,705,833 |  | 219,392,129 | ​
% of deposits |  | 4.6 | % | 6.5 | %
From the financial sector |  | 185,277 |  | 1,037,729 | ​
% of deposits |  | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | %
From the non-financial private sector and foreign residents | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Checking accounts |  | 386,058,910 |  | 301,797,540 | ​
% of deposits |  | 12.2 | % | 8.9 | %
Savings accounts |  | 711,833,420 |  | 526,572,089 | ​
% of deposits |  | 22.4 | % | 15.6 | %
Special checking accounts |  | 975,718,997 |  | 1,593,971,142 | ​
% of deposits |  | 30.7 | % | 47.3 | %
Time deposits |  | 729,192,111 |  | 385,860,302 | ​
% of deposits |  | 23.0 | % | 11.4 | %
Investment accounts |  | 169,216,650 |  | 265,751,612 | ​
% of deposits |  | 5.3 | % | 7.9 | %
Others |  | 34,864,079 |  | 34,490,429 | ​
% of deposits |  | 1.1 | % | 1.0 | %
Interest and differences in exchange rates payable |  | 21,685,966 |  | 44,128,950 | ​
% of deposits |  | 0.7 | % | 1.3 | %
Total |  | 3,173,461,243 |  | 3,373,001,922 | ​

​

As of December 31, 2024, non-or low-cost private sector demand deposits accounted for 30% of the our total Peso deposit base, consisting of 13.1% in savings accounts and 16.6% in checking accounts, compared to 11.0% and 10.6% as of December 31, 2023, respectively.

Financings

Banco Supervielle S.A.

Global Program for the issuance of debt securities not convertible into shares

In September 2016, the shareholders’ meeting of Banco Supervielle approved the creation of a global program for the issuance of negotiable bonds up to a maximum amount of U.S.$800,000,000. The program was authorized by the National Securities Commission through Resolution No 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. On March 6, 2018, the shareholders’ meeting of Banco Supervielle approved the increase of the amount of the program to U.S.$2,300,000,000. On April 26, 2021, the shareholders’ meeting of Banco Supervielle approved the decrease of the amount of the program to U.S.$300,000,000 and to extend the term of the program for an additional five years.

169

On August 2, 2024, Banco Supervielle issued class H negotiable bonds under its global program at a variable rate with maturity on August 2, 2025 (12 months from the date of the settlement), for a nominal value of Ps. 20,877.8 billion. The issuance was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. Interest on the class H negotiable bonds equals to the sum of the Badlar rate plus 5.25% and shall be payable quarterly. The principal amount of the class H negotiable bonds shall be paid in full at the maturity date.

On November 28, 2024, Banco Supervielle issued class I corporate bonds at a fixed rate of 4.70% with maturity on May 28, 2025 (6 months from the date of the settlement), for a nominal value of U.S.$30,000,000. The program was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. The principal and interest of the class I corporate bonds shall be paid in full in a single payment on the maturity date.

​

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the amounts outstanding and the terms corresponding to outstanding unsubordinated negotiable obligations of Banco Supervielle were as follows:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Class |  | Issue Date |  | Maturity Date |  | Annual Interest Rate |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Banco Supervielle Class H (in Ps. thousands) |  | 8/2/2024 |  | 8/2/2025 |  | Variable Badlar rate of private banks + 5.25% | ​ | 20,127,198 |  | —
Banco Supervielle Class I (in U.S.$) | ​ | 11/28/2024 | ​ | 05/28/2025 | ​ | Nominal annual fixed interest rate of 4.70 | ​ | 31,030,668 | ​ | —
Total |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | 51,157,866 |  | —

​

On January 14, 2025, Banco Supervielle issued class J corporate bonds at a fixed rate of 4.18% with maturity on July 14, 2025 (6 months from the date of the settlement), for a nominal value of US$50,000,000. The issuance was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. The principal and interest of the class J corporate bonds shall be paid in full in a single payment on the maturity date.

On February 7, 2025, Banco Supervielle issued class K corporate bonds at a fixed rate of 4.15% with maturity on August 7, 2025 (6 months from the date of the settlement), for a nominal value of US$28,382,277. The issuance was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. The principal and interest of the class K corporate bonds shall be paid in full in a single payment on the maturity date.

On February 7, 2025, Banco Supervielle issued class L corporate bonds at a variable rate equivalent to the Tamar rate plus 2.75% with maturity on February 7, 2026, for a nominal value of Ps. 50,974 million. The issuance was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. The capital of the class L corporate bonds shall be paid in full in a single payment, to be made on the maturity date, and interest is payable quarterly.

On March 7, 2025, Banco Supervielle issued class M corporate bonds at a variable rate equal to the sum of the Tamar rate plus 2.75% with maturity on March 7, 2026, for a nominal value of Ps. 30,580 million. The issuance was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No 18,376 dated November 24, 2016. The principal of the class M corporate bonds shall be paid in full in a single payment, to be made on the maturity date, and interest shall be payable quarterly.

Given the repurchase of treasury shares made by Grupo Supervielle pursuant to Argentine regulations, Grupo Supervielle has a restriction on the distribution of results and/or reversal of free reserves of Ps.21,167,430 thousand which is equivalent to the cost of acquisition of own shares. See Note 32 to our consolidated financial statements contained in this annual report.

​

​

170

Consolidated Capital

The table below shows information on our shareholders’ equity as of the dates indicated.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ |  | As of December 31, |
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Shareholders’ equity at the end of the period attributable to owners of the parent company |  | 797,735,341 |  | 743,396,005 |  | 625,670,057 |
Average shareholders’ equity(1) |  | 793,706,989 |  | 668,254,878 |  | 656,649,850 |
Shareholders’ equity attributable to owner of the parent company as a percentage of total assets |  | 17.7 | % | 16.6 | % | 13.3 | %
Average shareholders’ equity as a percentage of average total assets |  | 19.6 | % | 15.0 | % | 13.6 | %
Total liabilities as a multiple of total shareholders’ equity |  | 4.6 |  | 5.0 |  | 6.5 |
Tangible shareholders’ equity(2) as a percentage of Total Tangible Assets |  | 14.6 | % | 13.8 | % | 10.4 | %

(1) | Calculated on a daily basis.

(2) | Tangible shareholders’ equity represents shareholders’ equity minus intangible assets.

The table below shows information on the Bank and IUDÚ’s consolidated computable regulatory capital, and minimum capital requirements as of the dates indicated.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Grupo Supervielle S.A. |
​ | ​ | As of December 31, |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023(2) |  | 2022(3) |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Total Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Tier 1 Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Paid in share capital common stock |  | 437,731 |  | 442,672 |  | 829,564 |
Share premiums |  | 554,292,304 |  | 254,538,514 |  | 6,898,635 |
Share purchase | ​ | (12,458,004) | ​ | (4,806,958) | ​ | — | ​
Disclosed reserves and retained earnings |  | 93,162,629 |  | 9,380,391 |  | (39,433,328) |
Non‑controlling interests |  | 597,935 |  | 499,589 |  | 250,990 |
Capital Adjustment |  | 59,149,133 |  | 361,163,792 |  | 547,071,515 |
IFRS Adjustments |  | 4,881,572 |  | 13,702,410 |  | 4,578,602 |
Expected Credit Losses |  | 17,784,729 |  | 21,509,132 |  | 38,314,470 |
100% of results |  | 89,909,530 |  | 41,027,373 |  | (32,144,773) |
50% of positive results |  | 16,713,345 |  | 35,210,660 |  | — |
Sub-Total: Gross Tier I Capital |  | 824,470,904 |  | 732,667,575 |  | 526,365,675 |
Tier 2 Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General provisions/general loan-loss reserves 50% | ​ | — |  | — |  | 17,624,469 |
Non‑controlling interests |  | — |  | — |  | 8,131 |
Sub-Total: Tier 2 Capital |  | — |  | — |  | 17,632,600 |
Deduct: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All Intangibles |  | 164,405,787 |  | 145,713,983 |  | 69,329,169 |
Pending items |  | 208,394 |  | 159,146 |  | 325,497 |
Other deductions |  | 69,207,063 |  | 76,347,566 |  | 100,309,365 |
Total Deductions |  | 233,821,244 |  | 222,220,695 |  | 169,964,031 |
Total Capital |  | 590,649,660 |  | 510,446,880 |  | 374,034,245 |
Credit Risk weighted assets(1) |  | 2,557,622,021 |  | 1,672,850,285 |  | 2,057,126,334 |
Risk weighted assets(1) | ​ | 3,662,675,501 | ​ | 2,379,950,437 | ​ | 2,904,024,544 | ​
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1)/ Risk weighted assets | ​ | 16.1 | % | 21.4 | % | 12.3 | %
Regulatory Capital / Risk weighted assets |  | 16.1 | % | 21.4 | % | 12.9 | %

(1) | Risk Weighted Assets includes operational risk weighted assets, market risk weighted assets, and credit risk weighted assets, Operational risk weighted assets and market risk weighted assets are calculated by multiplying their respective required minimum

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| capital under Central Bank rules by 12.5, Credit Risk Weighted Assets is calculated by applying the respective credit risk weights to our assets, following Central Bank rules.

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| (2) | Amounts corresponding to applying Communication “A” 8009 retrospectively for comparative purposes,

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| (3) | Values adjustment for inflation.

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Capital Expenditures

In the course of our business, our capital expenditures are mainly related to infrastructure and organizational and IT system development. In general terms, our capital expenditures are not significant when compared to our total assets. We expect that capital expenditures in 2025 will be related to infrastructure, IT systems development and properties. We anticipate to fund such capital expenditures with cash flow from operating activities.

Item 5.CResearch and Development, patents and licenses, etc.

Other than our technology program, we do not have any significant policies or projects relating to research and development, and we own no patents or licenses.

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Item 5.D Trend Information

We believe that the macroeconomic environment and the following material trends related to Argentina, the Argentine financial system and our business have affected and will continue to affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our continued success and ability to increase our value to our shareholders will depend upon, among other factors, economic growth in Argentina and the corresponding growth of the market for long-term private sector lending and access to financial products and services by a larger segment of the population.

This analysis should be read in conjunction with the discussion in “Item 3.D. Risk Factors” and taking into consideration that the Argentine economy has been historically volatile, which has negatively affected the volume and growth of several sectors, including the financial system.

Material Trends Related to Argentina

The global economy is currently facing a number of extraordinary challenges. The war between Ukraine and Russia and armed conflicts and political instability in the Middle East have led to significant disruption, instability and volatility in global markets, particularly in energy markets. Uncertainty about the future development of these or new conflicts is high. One of the main risks related to these conflicts is that they could generate new supply shocks, pushing growth downward and inflation upward (including by contributing to increases in the prices of oil, gas and other commodities and disrupting supply chains), and paving the way for macroeconomic and financial instability episodes.

Geopolitical and economic risks have also increased in recent years as a result of trade tensions between the United States and China, among other factors. Additionally, the policies to be adopted by the new U.S. administration are an additional source of uncertainty for the global economy. In 2025, the U.S. administration imposed certain tariffs on imports from Canada, Mexico, China, the European Union and other countries. On April 2, 2025, the U.S. administration announced the imposition of new tariffs on certain imported goods, including goods imported from Argentina, and has threatened increased tariffs of goods originating from countries that do not cooperate with the United States policies. These and other policies of the U.S. administration, including fiscal, regulatory, industrial or foreign policies, could slow the global economic growth, increase inflation, affect interest rates or increase financial and macroeconomic instability.

In 2024, Argentina implemented a series of economic measures aimed at stabilizing its macroeconomic framework. Following the issuance of the Emergency Decree No. 70/2023, which repealed and modified more than 300 laws at the end of 2023, the Argentine government adopted a contractionary fiscal policy. As a result of this contractionary fiscal policy, the adjustment of primary expenditure by 26.9% and the temporary increase in the “PAIS” Tax, which consists of an Argentine tax applied to purchases made in foreign currency, a financial surplus was recorded in January 2024 and was maintained throughout the year, reaching an accumulated 0.3% surplus of GDP in December 2024.

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In December 2024, inflation decreased to 2.7% from 25.5% in December 2023, driven by fiscal discipline and the absence of monetary financing of the fiscal deficit. The Central Bank adjusted its exchange rate policy, reducing the pace of depreciation from 2% to 1% per month beginning in February 2025. Additionally, pursuan to the Tax Amnesty Program more than US$22 billion in assets were declared, which supported an increase in U.S. dollar deposits and loans in the private sector, and allowed the Central Bank to strengthen its reserves. These developments contributed to a reduction in sovereign risk indicators and improved financing conditions.

According to the Central Bank’s market expectations survey, during 2025 GDP in Argentina is expected to grow by 5.0% and the annual inflation rate is expected to be 27.5%, and at the end of 2025 the nominal exchange rate is expected to be Ps.1,253 per US$1.00. In addition, the IMF anticipates that for the economies of Argentina’s key trading partners will grow.

On April 11, 2025, the Central Bank announced the start of “phase 3” of its economic program which introduces significant changes to its monetary and exchange rate policy. A managed floating exchange rate system was implemented, allowing the U.S. dollar to fluctuate within a band of Ps.1,000 to Ps.1,400, adjusted monthly by approximately 1%. The Argentine government lifted foreign exchange controls as a result of which individuals now face no restrictions to access the official exchange market, and tax surcharges are eliminated, except for tourism and credit card transactions. For corporations, restrictions on import payments and dividend repatriation were eased, while a new BOPREAL bond was introduced to address legacy external liabilities. The export incentive program known as the “dólar blend” was eliminated to simplify the exchange market. The monetary policy framework was reformed to focus on strict control of monetary aggregates, particularly the M2 private transactional aggregate, with no monetary financing of the fiscal deficit or interest payments on Central Bank liabilities.

These measures are supported by the New IMF Agreement. On March 11, 2025, the Argentine government issued the Decree 179/25 which approved certain public credit transactions that are provided in the IMF Agreement. These credit transactions have a ten-year maturity period and the proceeds therefrom are expected to be used for the repayment of certain pre-existing obligations, among other purposes. On April 8, 2025, the IMF and the Argentine government reached an agreement to enter into the New IMF Agreement for a total amount of approximately U.S.$20 billion. On April 11, 2025, the IMF approved an initial disbursement of U.S.$12 billion under the New IMF Agreement and an additional disbursement of U.S.$2 billion to be made in June 2025. The New IMF Agreement has a ten-year maturity period and an annual interest rate of 5.63%.

We cannot predict whether future global and Argentine economic performance will differ materially from the IMF, the Central Bank, the INDEC and the REM forecasts, due to the uncertainties of the global and Argentine economic environments, including high inflation, low levels of reserves and the concentration of maturities of short-term public debt denominated in Pesos.

Material Trends Related to the Argentine Financial System

The Argentine financial system has been affected by the economic conditions in Argentina over the last several years. According to data published by the INDEC, Argentina’s GDP decreased by 1.7% in 2024, mainly as a result of a decrease in construction activities by 17.7%, which were negatively impacted by the slowdown in public works, a decrease in manufacturing industry activities by 9.2% and a decrease in wholesale and retail trade and repairs by 7.3%. However, the agricultural sector grew by 30.9% after the severe drought in 2023, as well as mining and quarrying, which grew by 7.2%. During 2024, the growth of the Argentine economy was not uniform, since it fell between December 2023 and April 2024 but increased in the subsequent months. In April 2024, the EMEA decreased by 1.9% as compared to December 2023, and grew 7.2% from May to December 2024.

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During 2024, the inflation index and the interest rates showed a significant decline. Inflation in Argentina was 211.4% in 2023 and 117.8% in 2024. During 2024, the Argentine financial system began to show signs of recovery since credit demand and U.S. dollar deposits grew, evidencing the success of the Tax Amnesty Program. In this context, the Central Bank eliminated some regulations that had been implemented by previous administrations, such as the establishment of a minimum interest rate to be paid by financial institutions on time deposits, the maximum interest rates on productive investment financing products (which continued being the main tool used to channel credit to SMEs), as well as the establishment of maximum interest rates for credit card financing.

The Argentine market is one of the least penetrated financial systems in Latin America, with a fragmented and competitive landscape. According to data available as of December 2024, the ratio of average private sector deposits (based on average volumes from September to December 2024) and average loans (based on average volumes from September to December 2024) to GDP was 14.3% and 9.4%, respectively, compared to 13.1% and 6.9% in 2023, respectively. In 2024, total private sector deposits increased by 128% (which represents a 5% increase in real terms) and total loans to the private sector increased by 236% (which represents a 54% increase in real terms), compared to 2023. During 2024, market interest rates decreased significantly, including BADLAR, which decreased by 77.8 points. Effective on December 2, 2024, the Central Bank introduced the wholesale rate of Argentina (TAMAR), based

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on 30-35-day time deposits of at least Ps.1 billion. The main feature of TAMAR is the minimum amount of deposits eligible for its calculation, which is updated annually. In December, TAMAR reached, on average, 35.18% of the annual nominal rate, while BADLAR stood at 32.88%.

Notwithstanding the challenging macroeconomic environment, the Argentine financial system is solid, with healthy asset quality levels at a 1.6% NPL while NPL of the private banks remained below historical levels at 1.5%, and with high levels of liquidity and solvency.

As a result of the measures implemented by the current administration, Argentina’s macroeconomic situation is expected to stabilize and inflation is expected to continue decreasing during 2025 after the sharp increase in the beginning of 2024. As a result of this, the financial system will lead to greater demand for loans, contributing to sustain economic recovery and increase the levels of credit penetration to GDP.

Material Trends Related to Our Business

2024 was a period of transition and transformation for both Supervielle and the Argentine financial system. The gradual correction of macroeconomic imbalances, coupled with a slowdown in inflation and a subsequent reduction in nominal interest rates, positively impacted on credit demand. This shift reversed a seven-year contractionary trend and allowed banks to fulfill their essential role—channeling credit to support community development. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Argentina—Our business is largely dependent upon macroeconomic, political, regulatory and social conditions in Argentina.”

Despite this progress, credit to GDP ratio remains low, presenting a significant opportunity to expand and diversify financing alternatives.

At the beginning of 2024, we intensified efforts to expand targeted credit, achieving sustained loan growth throughout the year. As a result, our loan portfolio grew by 106% compared to 2023 in real terms, well above the industry’s average growth of 54% gaining 90 basis points in market share.

We also increased our market share in both peso and U.S. dollar deposits. In particular, U.S. dollar deposits grew by 178% compared to 2023, leading to a market share gain of 80 basis points. Additionally, asset quality remained strong, with a non-performing loan ratio of 1.3%, slightly above historic lows but still at healthy levels. Our CET1 capital ratio of 16.1% positions us well for continued growth. Our loans to individuals, mainly personal and car loans, increased mainly in the second half of 2024. As a result, as of December 31, 2024, our loans to individuals accounted for 48% of our total loan portfolio, compared to 40% in 2023.

Beyond financial performance, in 2024 we focused on strengthening our position to achieve sustainable long-term growth. Over the past five years, we successfully engaged in a major digital transformation, enhancing operational agility and introducing new technological capabilities that enable future scalability.

In April 2025, in order to continue reinforcing our strategy, we launched the first payroll accounts and SME accounts that pay interests in Pesos and U.S. dollars on a daily basis. These accounts offer agility, simplicity, and profitability, allowing individuals and SMEs to maximize the return of their money without additional paperwork or management. The Bank positions itself as the only bank in Argentina that pays interests on payroll accounts and SME accounts in Pesos and U.S. dollars. As a consequence of this initiative the Bank may incur in higher interest expenses and may not be able to offset this cost.

Meanwhile, IOL invertironline strengthened its leadership in Argentina’s retail digital brokerage market, increasing its contribution to Grupo Supervielle through profitability and fees.

By the end of 2024, the Bank’s digital retail customers represented 65% of our customer base, reinforcing the strong growth trend of recent years. In particular, mobile banking became the preferred transaction channel for our customers, accounting for 60% of total operations by December, which represents an increase of 12 percentage points compared to 2023, with more than one million monthly active users. Additionally, our digital wallet recorded a strong growth, surpassing by four times QR code payments and exceeding 5.2 million transactions, thus becoming the most used digital wallet by recurrency within the MODO ecosystem.

In the SMEs and business segment, we moved forward with our strategic priorities, increasing our market share of corporate customers to 5.97%. To support business growth, in 2024 we launched +Pyme, the first fully digital solution for SMEs in the local

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financial industry, which enables businesses to open bank accounts and access loans entirely online. At the same time, we introduced a specialized value proposition for the mining industry’s supply chain, which includes a dedicated commercial team and tailored financial products and credit policies. We also launched Supervielle Servicios Integrales, a multi-product approach designed to provide customers with an integrated offer of Banco Supervielle products. At the same time, we continued expanding our share of demand deposits and increased foreign trade transaction volumes.

During 2024, IOL invertironline recorded significant growth in net income and fee generation, and it closed the year with nearly 1.5 million accounts (representing a 57% increase compared to 2023), 569,000 active customers, and approximately Ps. 2 trillion in managed assets. During 2024, more than 26 million transactions were carried out through IOL invertironline, with an average of 283,000 monthly active users, 70% higher than in 2023.

Among other significant milestones, IOL invertironline consolidated its position as the leading platform in Argentina’s retail segment, and its app was the most downloaded and most actively used app among investment brokers. Additionally, at the end of 2024, IOL invertironline launched its first U.S. dollar-denominated investment fund, which rapidly became the fourth-largest fund of this kind, currently exceeding US$125 million in managed assets.

Considering Argentina’s evolving macroeconomic environment, characterized by lower inflation, declining nominal interest rates, and an increase in U.S. dollar deposits, we enhanced our commercial strategy to take advantage of these favorable trends in 2025, which we believe that will mark the beginning of a period of economic acceleration. Our streamlined structure enables more agile and efficient decision-making, ensuring a stronger response to market opportunities. In the short term, we aim for all our customers to have access to a credit offering, which will enhance primary banking relationships, cross-sell opportunities, and overall growth.

We are deepening our customer-centric approach, focusing on the most profitable segments and products where we can quickly differentiate ourselves and strengthen our position. Profitability remains our key performance indicator. Our customer-driven strategy, supported by technology, enhances credit and service capabilities, simplifies business models, and leverages innovation to act with greater speed and impact. Rather than operating as a universal player, we are concentrating on the most profitable segments where we can compete directly and gain market share.

During 2025, we expect to focus on profitability, on increasing revenues and our market share, and to continue reducing our recurring costs.

Item 5.E Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires senior management to make judgements in applying the accounting standards to define our accounting policies.

We identified the following areas which involve a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are material for our consolidated financial statements which are essential to understand the underlying accounting/financial reporting risks:

Fair value of financial instruments that do not have an active market

The fair value of financial instruments not listed in active markets is determined using valuation techniques. Such techniques are regulary validated and reviewed by qualified personnel independent from the area which developed them. All models are assessed and adjusted before being used in order to ensure that results reflect current information and comparable market prices. As long as possible, models rely on observable inputs only; which include significant assumptions related to implicit rates in the last available tender for similar securities and spot rate curves, require the use of estimates. Changes in the assumptions of these factors may affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

Allowances for loan losses

The Group recognizes the allowance for loan losses under the expected credit loss method included in IFRS 9. The most significant judgements of the model relate to defining what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk and in making assumptions and estimates to incorporate relevant information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of economic conditions. The impact of the forecasts of economic conditions are determined based on the weighted average of three internally

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developed macroeconomic scenarios that take into consideration Grupo Supervielle’s economic outlook as derived through forecast macroeconomic variables, which include inflation rate, monthly economic activity estimator, private sector deposits, badlar rate, private sector real loans and private sector real wage. A high degree of uncertainty is involved in making estimations using assumptions that are highly subjective.

Note 1.2 of our consolidated financial statements provides more detail of how the expected credit loss allowance is calculated.

Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

Intangible assets with definite useful life and property, plant and equipment are amortized or depreciated on a straight-line basis during their estimated useful life. Grupo Supervielle monitors the conditions associated with these assets to determine whether the events and circumstances require a review of the remaining amortization or depreciation term and whether there are impairment indicators.

Grupo Supervielle has applied judgment in identifying indicators of impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets that are amortized. Grupo Supervielle has requested valuations by external independent valuers for its land and buildings category as of December 31, 2024, recording and impairment on some of them (see Note 12.1 to our consolidated financial statements). For the rest of the categories of property, plant and equipment as well as for intangibles other than goodwill, no indicators have been identified and no impairment has been recognised for any of the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements.

Income tax and deferred tax

A significant judgment is required to determine liabilities and assets from current and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation authority using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax is measured over temporary differences between tax basis of assets and liabilities and book values at the tax rates that are impairment indicators.

Assets from deferred tax are recognized upon the possibility of relying on future taxable earnings against which temporary differences can be used, based on the senior management’s assumptions regarding amounts and opportunities of future taxable earnings. Real results may differ from estimates, based on factors such as changes in tax legislation or the result of the final review of affidavits issued by tax authorities and tax courts.

Likely future tax earnings and the number of tax benefits are based on a medium term business plan prepared by management, which is based on reasonable expectations.

Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees

Grupo Supervielle’s Board of Directors

According to our bylaws, Grupo Supervielle’s Board of Directors may be composed of a minimum of three and a maximum of nine directors, and shareholders may also appoint an equal or lesser number of alternate directors. As of the date of this annual report, Grupo Supervielle’s Board of Directors is composed of six directors and two alternate directors.

Directors and their alternates, if any, are appointed for a maximum term of two years by our shareholders during the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting. Directors may be reelected. Alternate directors replace directors in the order in which they were elected. Directors are elected annually in staggered elections. Despite their two-year appointment, pursuant to section 257 of the Argentine General Corporations Law, directors will maintain their positions until new directors are appointed at the following annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting.

The latest election relating to our Board of Directors took place at the ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 19, 2024, in accordance with Section 9 of our bylaws. We expect to hold our next ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting on April 22, 2025 in which the following matters are expected to be approved, among others: (i) the compensation of Grupo Supervielle’s board of directors for the year ended December 31, 2024, (ii) the compensation of the members of the Supervisory Committee for the year ended December 31, 2024, (iii) the election of the regular directors of Grupo Supervielle, (iv) the appointment of regular and alternate members of the Supervisory Committee, (v) the approval of the financial results for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and the use of unallocated results as of December 31, 2024, (vi) the delegation to our Board of the capacities to

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withdraw up to Ps. 24,995,542 thousands from the reserve for future dividends to pay a dividend in cash, in kind (at market value), or a combination of both, and to set the timing and terms of this dividend payment, and (vii) a share capital increase of Grupo Supervielle in the amount of 120 million of Class B shares through the issuance of new shares.

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During the first meeting after directors have been appointed, they must appoint a chairman and vice-chairman of the board, or, if considered appropriate, a first vice-chairman and a second vice-chairman. The vice-chairman or, if applicable, the first vice-chairman, would automatically replace the chairman in the event that the chairman is absent, resigns, dies or faces any other impediment to serve as chairman, and the second vice-chairman, if applicable, would replace the first vice-chairman. In the absence of any of these directors, Grupo Supervielle’s Board of Directors may appoint who will serve as chairman or chairmen. The chairman of the board may cast two votes in the case of a tie.

Grupo Supervielle’s Board of Directors functions and acts upon the majority vote of its members present at its meetings either physically or via any form of audio and visual simultaneous communication.

The following table sets forth the composition of our Board of Directors as of the date of this annual report:

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Name |  | Title |  | Date of first appointment to the Board(1) |  | Date of expiration of current term(2) |  | Date of Birth
Julio Patricio Supervielle |  | Chairman of the Board |  | June 9, 2008 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | December 13, 1956
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini | ​ | First Vice-Chairman and Corporate Secretary | ​ | September 28, 2011 | ​ | December 31, 2024 | ​ | February 13, 1956
Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer |  | Second Vice- Chairman |  | April 28, 2020 |  | December 31, 2025 |  | May 5, 1968
Eduardo Pablo Braun |  | Director |  | April 26, 2019 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | June 25, 1963
José María Orlando |  | Director |  | August 12, 2020 |  | December 31, 2025 |  | September 25, 1964
Hugo Enrique Santiago Basso |  | Director |  | April 26, 2019 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | December 3, 1979
Matias Jules Bernard Supervielle |  | Alternate Director |  | April 19, 2024 |  | December 31, 2025 |  | September 30, 1996
Jacques Patrick Supervielle | ​ | Alternate Director | ​ | April 19, 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2025 | ​ | November 20, 1987

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​ ​ ​ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) | With the exception of Julio Patricio Supervielle and Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer, the respective date of appointment to the Board of each director is also the date on which each director first joined Grupo Supervielle. Julio Patricio Supervielle has held positions in our board since March 21, 2000, however he has continuously served in our board since 2008. Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer first joined the Board on March 23, 2010, where she served as director until April 26, 2019.

(2) | Notwithstanding the expiration date stated above, pursuant to section 257 of the Argentine General Corporations Law, the directors maintain their positions until the following annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting where directors are appointed.

There are no family relationships between the abovementioned current members of our Board of Directors, except for Julio Patricio Supervielle and Hugo Enrique Santiago Basso (uncle and nephew, respectively) and for Julio Patricio Supervielle and Matias Jules Bernard Supervielle and Jacques Patrick Supervielle (father and sons respectively).

The following are academic and professional backgrounds of the members of the board.

Julio Patricio Supervielle holds a degree in Business Administration from the Universidad Católica Argentina and earned his master’s degree from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. He has attended various executive training programs at Wharton, IESE, and Harvard. He joined Grupo Financiero Exprinter-Banex in 1986, where he held various positions at Banco Banex S.A., including General Manager, Director, and Chairman of the Board. He has led Grupo Supervielle for over 22 years, overseeing significant growth in equity, assets, deposits, and branch network expansion. Under his leadership, Grupo Supervielle successfully completed some of its most significant acquisitions and launched its initial public offering in 2016, with shares now traded on the New York Stock Exchange and Bolsas y Mercados Argentinos S.A. Currently, he serves as Chairman of the Board of Grupo Supervielle, the Banks, Sofital, IOl invertironline, Espacio Cordial, Bolsillo Digital, Supervielle Agente de Negociación, IOL Holding, and IOL Agente

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de Valores S.A. He has received several distinctions, including Endeavor Argentina’s Outstanding Entrepreneur of 2017, the 2018 KONEX Award, and the 2018 CICyP Award for Transparency. Julio Patricio Supervielle currently serves as Chairman of the Board of Grupo Supervielle S.A. and CEO of Grupo Supervielle. As Chairman and CEO, Mr. Supervielle brings to the Board his expertise and proven leadership in the financial industry as well as valuable insight into our strategy formulation, culture crafting, risk management and compensation, providing an essential link between management and the Board. He also provides the Board with important perspectives on innovation, management development and industry challenges and opportunities.

Atilio Dell´Oro Maini holds degrees in Law, Political Science, and Agricultural Production. In 1984, he joined the law firm Cárdenas, Cassagne & Asociados, where he was appointed partner in 1990. He worked in New York City as a foreign associate at White & Case in 1987 and at Simpson, Thacher & Bartlett from 1988 to 1989. In 1997, he worked at Linklaters & Paines. Additionally, he completed the Program of Instruction for Lawyers at Harvard Law School. In 2003, he joined Cabanellas • Etchebarne • Kelly as a senior partner in the Banking and Capital Markets departments. He has extensive experience advising banks, financial institutions, corporations, and governments on a wide range of banking and financial transactions, both locally and internationally. He also served as a professor in the Master’s in Business Law program at the Universidad de San Andrés and is a member of the Buenos Aires Bar Association. Currently, he serves as First Vice President of Grupo Supervielle and the Bank and holds key leadership positions across various subsidiaries, including Sofital, Espacio Cordial, Supervielle Seguros S.A., Micro Lending S.A.U., IOL invertironline, Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros, Bolsillo Digital, Supervielle Agente de Negociación, and IOL Holding. Mr. Dell’Oro Maini offers the company valuable perspective and guidance in corporate governance, regulatory framework and Board effectiveness. He also has significant knowledge and direct involvement in issues related to ESG initiatives.

Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer graduated from McGill University in Canada with an undergraduate degree in Business Administration and a master’s degree in Business Administration. She started her career in New York City at the Mergers and Acquisitions Division for Banque Nationale de Paris. Afterwards, in Paris, she joined the Apparel Division of Sara Lee Corporation, where she held a number of financial positions in different business units including Financial Analyst, Financial Controller, Chief Financial Officer and European Controller. When Sara Lee Corporation sold its European Apparel Division in 2006, she served as Group Controller of the newly created stand-alone business with responsibilities in the reorganization, financial control, definition and implementation of exit strategies for the private equity fund. In 2009, as a result of her move to Argentina, she joined Banco Supervielle S.A. as Deputy Manager of the Administration Department until her nomination to the Board of Grupo Supervielle in March 2010. She served as independent Director of Grupo Supervielle S.A. between 2016 and 2019. In April 2020, she was appointed Independent Director of Grupo Supervielle. In April 2021, she was appointed Director of Grupo Supervielle. To date, she serves as independent Director of Biosidus (a biotech company),Peugeot Citröen Insurance Company and Consorcio Financiero (Chile). Ms. Loyer brings to our Board of Directors extensive international business experience in a variety of industries. In addition, she brings expertise in financial control, market discipline and audit, including experience gained as Chief Financial Officer in a public company. She also brings expertise in global corporate governance and strategy. Ms. Loyer also has experience serving as outside Director on other Boards.

Eduardo Pablo Braun holds a degree in Industrial Engineering from the Universidad de Buenos Aires, where he was awarded the Bunge & Born scholarship for academic excellence. He earned an MBA with a focus on Finance and Marketing from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1990. He is an international speaker on leadership, culture, and innovation, a business consultant, and the author of the book “Las personas primero: Chief Emotions Officers.” He has taught in programs at UC Berkeley and as a guest lecturer at prestigious institutions such as IMD, Babson College, and Yale School of Management, delivering presentations at academic and business forums in Singapore, Dubai, Germany, the United States, and other countries. He was a professor at the Universidad Católica Argentina and Universidad de San Andrés. Between January 2016 and December 2019, he served as a Director representing the Argentine government at Aeropuertos Argentina 2000. From 1999 to 2011, he was Director of Grupo HSM, leading Global Programming and Speaker Relations. He is a Board Member of the multinational winery Cuvelier Los Andes. In 2018, he was responsible for the creation and leadership of the Advisory Council for the design of the Innovation Park in Buenos Aires. Previously, he was a founding partner of MIG, a management consultancy specializing in strategy and business development. His consulting career began at Booz Allen & Hamilton in Paris in 1990, where he worked on various projects across Europe, Brazil and Argentina, combining consulting expertise with executive roles. He has been actively involved in several NGOs, including the Clinton Global Initiative, where he was a member for five years, and EMA (Esclerosis Múltiple Argentina). He is a Board Member of ICANA (Instituto Cultural Argentino Norteamericano) and President of Fundación G25. Currently, he serves as an Independent Regular Director of Grupo Supervielle S.A. Mr. Braun provides to our Board of Directors his expertise in corporate governance, strategy and organizational culture, including his international business experience of working experience based in Europe and as Director of an international company in the knowledge economy. As author and international speaker Mr. Braun has helped companies understand and tackle their cultural challenges. Mr. Braun also has experience serving as an outside Director of a subsidiary of a public company.

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José María Orlando studied Business Administration at Universidad Católica Argentina. He worked as an officer of Bank Boston between 1986 and 1996, holding different positions in Buenos Aires, London and Boston in the areas of Finance, Treasury and Investment Banking. From 1996 to 1998, he served as CFO and Head of Global Markets for Deutsche Bank, DMG in Argentina. In 2000 he became CFO and CIO of Zurich Argentina. In 2005 he became Corporate Development Director and in 2007 he became CEO and Chairman of Zurich Argentina. In 2010, he was appointed as Latin America CEO of Zurich Global Life. During that term, he also served as Board Member of Zurich-Santander Insurance Americas in several countries. Since 2015, he has been the owner of Deal Financial Services, a consultancy firm rendering advisory services in brokerage, asset management, capital markets and mutual funds to individuals, corporations and institutional investors. He also serves as Vice Chairman of the Board of CIPPEC (Center for Research on Public Policies for Equity and Growth) and is a Director of Clodinet S.A. (Pilara). He is a member of the Board of Colegio Madre Teresa and is Co-Founder and First President of Voces y Ecos, an NGO focused on Media. In the past he was also a Member of the Administration Council and Treasurer of Universidad Católica Argentina; Director of Escuelas de Liderazgo Universitario; Member of the Executive Investment Committee of Máxima AFJP; Member of the Financial Matters Committee of the Argentine Banking Association; Member of the Board of Mercado Abierto Electrónico S.A. and Member of the Administration Council of Club Newman. He has participated as a speaker at numerous international conferences and seminars in the United States, Europe, Latin America and Asia. Since August 2020 he is an Independent Director of Grupo Supervielle S.A. Mr. Orlando brings extensive local and international strategic and financial experience in commercial and investment banking, treasury, general and life insurance, asset management & brokerage through acting during more than 30 years in several international organizations as CFO, CEO, Director and shareholder. He brings also background in organizational leadership and culture.

Hugo Enrique Santiago Basso holds a degree in Industrial Engineering from the Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA) and an MBA from The Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania. He began his career at Banco Banex in 2004, where he successfully led the merger project with Société Générale Argentina. In 2007, he spearheaded the startup of “Cordial Negocios,” a unit focused on microfinance. He later transitioned to the consulting sector, working for Mars & Co., where he was responsible for competitive strategy for multinational CPG companies. For the past nine years, he has lived in California, United States, where he has built a successful career in finance within the premium wine industry. After working at Treasury Wine Estates and E&J Gallo, he joined Jackson Family Wines, overseeing costing and inventory management for a portfolio of twenty luxury wineries. Currently, he serves as a Director of Grupo Supervielle and a Director of Espacio Cordial.

Matías Jules Bernard Supervielle studied Mechanical Engineering at Princeton University. From 2019 to 2020 he served as Associate Consultant at Bain & Co. From 2020 to 2022 he was Regional Strategy Manager of Kavak Startup dedicated to the purchase, sale and reconditioning of pre-owned cars. Since 2022 he has been CEO & CO-Founder of Volanti, a management and sales company for cars repair shop and is currently Director of Invertironline S.A.U.

Jacques Patrick Supervielle holds a degree in Business Administration from the Argentine Catholic University. He has experience in the financial area and is a Qualified Investment Advisor before the CNV at InvertirOnline S.A.U. He worked in project management, development of financial product applications and application of agile methodologies for IUDU. He participated in the development of smart contracts in Blockchain. He is Director at Supervielle Asset Management S.A. and President of the Association of Argentine Banks (ADEBA Joven).

Duties and Liabilities of Directors

Directors have the obligation to perform their duties with the loyalty and the diligence of a prudent business person. Under Section 274 of the Argentine General Corporations Law, directors are jointly and severally liable to the company, the shareholders and third parties for the improper performance of their duties, for breaching any law or the bylaws or regulations, if any, and for any damage to these parties caused by fraud, abuse of authority or gross negligence. The following are considered integral to a director’s duty of loyalty: (i) the prohibition on using corporate assets and confidential information for private purposes; (ii) the prohibition on taking advantage, or allowing another to take advantage, by action or omission, of the business opportunities of the company; (iii) the obligation to exercise board powers only for the purposes for which the law, the corporation’s bylaws or the shareholders’ or the Board of Directors’ resolutions were intended; and (iv) the obligation to take strict care so that acts of the board do not go, directly or indirectly, against the company’s interests. A director must inform the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Committee of any conflicting interest he or she may have in a proposed transaction and must abstain from voting thereon.

In general, a director will not be held liable for a decision of the Board of Directors, even if that director participated in the decision or had knowledge of the decision, if (i) there is written evidence of the director’s opposition to the decision and (ii) the director notifies the Supervisory Committee of that opposition. However, both conditions must be satisfied before the liability of the director is claimed before the Board of Directors, the Supervisory Committee or the shareholders or relevant authority or the commercial courts.

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Section 271 of the Argentine General Corporations Law allows directors to enter into agreements with the company that relate to such director’s activity and under arms’ length conditions. Agreements that do not satisfy any of the foregoing conditions must have prior approval of the Board of Directors (or the Supervisory Committee in the absence of board quorum) and must be notified to the shareholders at a shareholders’ meeting. If the shareholders reject the agreement, the directors or the members of the Supervisory Committee, as the case may be, shall be jointly and severally liable for any damages to the company that may result from such agreement. Agreements that do not satisfy the conditions described above and are rejected by the shareholders are null and void, without prejudice to the liability of the directors or members of the Supervisory Committee for any damages to the company.

The acts or agreements that a company enters into with a related party involving a relevant amount shall fulfill the requirements set forth in Section 72 and 73 of the Argentine Capital Markets Law. Under Section 72, the directors and syndics (as well as their ascendants, descendants, spouses, brothers or sisters and the companies in which any of such persons may have a direct or indirect ownership interest) are deemed to be a related party. A relevant amount is considered to be an amount which exceeds 1% of the net worth of the company as per the latest balance sheet. The Board of Directors or any of its members shall require from the audit committee a report stating if the terms of the transaction may be reasonably considered adequate in relation to normal market conditions. The company may resolve regarding the compliance of above-mentioned requirements with prior report of two independent evaluating firms on that matter. The Board of Directors shall make available to the shareholders the report of the audit committee or of the independent evaluating firms, as the case may be, at the main office on the business day after the board’s resolution was adopted and shall communicate such fact to the shareholders of the company in the respective market bulletin. The vote of each director shall be stated in the minutes of the Board of Directors approving the transaction. The transaction shall be submitted to the approval of the shareholders of the company when the audit committee or both evaluating firms have not considered the terms of the transaction to be reasonably adequate in relation to normal market conditions. In the case where a shareholder demands compensation for damages caused by a breach of Section 73, the burden of proof shall be placed on the defendant to prove that the act or agreement was in accordance to the market conditions or that the transaction did not cause any damage to the company. The transfer of the burden of proof shall not be applicable when the transaction has been approved by the Board of Directors with the favorable opinion of the audit committee or the two evaluating firms or if the transaction has been approved by the ordinary shareholders’ meeting without the decisive vote of the shareholder in respect of which the condition of a related party is met or has an interest in the act or contract at issue.

Causes of action may be initiated against directors if so decided at a meeting of the shareholders. If a cause of action has not been initiated within three months of a shareholders’ resolution approving its initiation, any shareholder may start the action on behalf and on the company’s account. A cause of action against the directors may be also initiated by shareholders who object to the approval of the performance of such directors if such shareholders represent, individually or in the aggregate, at least 5% of the company’s capital stock.

Except in the event of a mandatory liquidation or bankruptcy, shareholder approval of a director’s performance, or express waiver or settlement approved by the shareholders’ meeting, terminates any liability of a director vis-à-vis the company, provided that shareholders representing at least 5% of the company’s capital stock do not object and provided further that such liability does not result from a breach of law or the company’s bylaws.

Under Argentine law, the Board of Directors is in charge of the company’s management and administration and, therefore, makes any and all decisions in connection therewith, as well as those decisions expressly provided for in the Argentine General Corporations Law, the company’s bylaws and other applicable regulations. Furthermore, the board is generally responsible for the execution of the resolutions passed in shareholders’ meetings and for the performance of any particular task expressly delegated by the shareholders.

Meetings, Quorum, Majorities

Our Board of Directors must hold a minimum of one regularly scheduled meeting every three months. Meetings must also be convened when called by any member of our Board of Directors. The quorum for a Board of Directors’ meeting is the majority of its members. Our Board of Directors will pass resolutions by the affirmative vote of the majority of members present. Pursuant to our bylaws our directors may participate in a meeting of our Board of Directors by means of a communication system that provides for a simultaneous transmission of sound, images and words. Directors participating by such means count for quorum purposes for all meetings and all matters of agenda, therefore the board will pass resolutions by the affirmative vote of the majority of members present either physically or by means of such communication system.

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Independence Criteria of Directors

In accordance with the provisions of Section 4, Chapter I, Title XII “Transparencia en el Ámbito de la Oferta Pública” and Section 11, Chapter III, Title II “Órganos de Administración y Fiscalización, Auditoría Externa” of the CNV Rules, we are required to report to the shareholders’ meeting, prior to vote the appointment of any director, the status of such director as either “independent” or “non-independent.”

The members of the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Committee of companies admitted to the public offering regime in Argentina must inform the CNV within ten (10) business days from the date of their appointment whether such members of the Board of Directors or the Supervisory Committee are “independent” pursuant to CNV standards.

Pursuant to the CNV Rules, a director is not considered independent in certain situations, including where a director:

| (1) | is also a member of the board of the parent company or another company belonging to the same economic group of the issuer through a preexisting relationship at the time of his or her election, or if said relationship had ceased to exist during the previous three years;

| (2) | is or has been associated with the company or any of its shareholders having a direct or indirect “significant participation” on the same, or with corporations with which also the shareholders also have a direct or indirect “signification participation”; or if he or she was associated with them through an employment relationship during the last three years;

| (3) | has any professional relationship or is a member of a corporation that maintains frequent professional relationships of significant nature and volume, or receives remuneration or fees (other than the one received in consideration of his performance as a director) from the company or its shareholders having a direct or indirect “significant participation” on the same, or with corporations in which the shareholders also have a direct or indirect “significant participation.” This prohibition includes professional relationships and affiliations during the last three years prior to his or her appointment as director;

| (4) | directly or indirectly owns 5% or more of shares with voting rights and/or a capital stock of the company or any company with a “significant participation” in it;

| (5) | directly or indirectly sells and/or provides goods and/or services (different from those accounted for in section c)) on a regular basis and of a significant nature and volume to the company or to its shareholders with direct or indirect “significant participation,” for higher amounts than his or her remuneration as a member of the board of directors. This prohibition includes business relationships that have been carried out during the last three years prior to his or her appointment as director;

| (6) | has been a director, manager, administrator or principal executive of not-for-profit organizations that have received funds, for amounts greater than those described in section I) of article 12 of Resolution No. 30/2011 of the UIF and its amendments, from the company, its parent company and other companies of the same group of which it is a part, as well as of the principal executives of any of them;

| (7) | receives any payment, including the participation in plans or stock option schemes, from the company or companies of the same economic group, other than the compensation paid to him or her as a director, except dividends paid as a shareholder of the company in the terms of section d) and the corresponding to the consideration set forth in section e);

| (8) | has served as director at the company, its parent company or another company belonging to the same economic group for more than ten years. If said relationship had ceased to exist during the previous three years, the independent condition will be recovered;

| (9) | is the spouse or legally recognized partner, relative up to the third level of consanguinity or up to the second level of affinity of persons who, if they were members of the board of directors, would not be independent, according to the above listed criteria.

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Pursuant to the CNV Rules, a director who, after his or her appointment, falls into any of the circumstances indicted above, must immediately report to the issuer, which must inform the CNV and the authorized markets where it lists its negotiable securities immediately upon the occurrence of the event or upon the instance becoming known. In all cases, the references made to “significant participation” set forth in the aforementioned independence criteria will be considered as referring to those individuals who hold shares representing at least 5% of the capital stock and or the vote, or a smaller amount when they have the right to elect one or more directors by share class or have other shareholders agreements relating to the government and administration of the company or of its parent company; while those relating to the “economic group” correspond to the definition contained in article 5.e).3), Section I, chapter V, Title II of the CNV Rules.

The Argentine independence standards under the CNV Rules differ in many ways from U.S. federal securities law and NYSE standards.

Additionally, the Buenos Aires Professional Council of Economic Sciences (Consejo Profesional de Ciencias Económicas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires or “CPCECABA”) also established certain requirements regarding the independence of public accountants which act as members of the Supervisory Committee. Pursuant to regulations issued by the CPCECABA and the CNV, syndics must be independent from the company that they are auditing. A syndic will not be independent if he/she:

| (i) | is the owner, partner, director, administrator, manager or employee of the company or economically related entities;

| (ii) | is the spouse or relative (collateral until fourth grade), or relatives by affinity until second grade, of one of the owners, partners, directors, administrators or managers;

| (iii) | is a shareholder, debtor, creditor or guarantor of the company or economically related entities, representing a significant amount if compared with its own wealth or the company’s net equity;

| (iv) | possesses a significant amount of interest in the company or economically related entities (or if it has had such interest during the period to be audited);

| (v) | if the remuneration depends on or is contingent with the conclusions or results of its auditing work;

| (vi) | if the remuneration agreed depends on the result of the operations of the company.

Currently, Julio Patricio Supervielle, Atilio Dell’Oro Maini, Hugo Enrique Santiago Basso and Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer are non-independent, whereas Eduardo Pablo Braun and José María Orlando are independent members of our board according to the criteria established by the CNV. However, Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer is independent according to the U.S. federal securities law and the NYSE standards. See “—Audit Committee” for further details about independence requirements of the members of our Audit Committee.

Corporate Governance

We have adopted a Corporate Governance Code to put into effect corporate governance best practices, which are based on strict standards regarding transparency, efficiency, ethics, investor protection and equal treatment of investors. The Corporate Governance Code follows the guidelines established by the CNV and the Central Bank. We have also adopted a Code of Ethics and an Internal Conduct Code, each designed to establish guidelines with respect to professional conduct, morals and employee performance.

Supervisory Committee

We have a monitoring body called the supervisory committee (“Supervisory Committee”). Our Supervisory Committee consists of three syndics and three alternate syndics appointed by the shareholders at our annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting. The syndics and their alternates are elected for a period of one year, and any compensation paid to our syndics must have been previously approved at an ordinary shareholders’ meeting. The term of office of the members of the Supervisory Committee expires on the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting to consider our financial statements as of December 31, 2024.

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Pursuant to the Argentine General Corporations Law, only lawyers and accountants admitted to practice in Argentina and domiciled in Argentina or civil partnerships composed of such persons may serve as syndics in an Argentine sociedad anónima, or limited liability corporation.

The primary responsibilities of the Supervisory Committee are to monitor compliance with the Argentine General Corporations Law, the bylaws, its regulations, if any, and the shareholders’ resolutions, to supervise the administration of the company and to perform other functions, including: (i) attending shareholders’ and Board of Directors’ meetings, (ii) calling extraordinary shareholders’ meetings when deemed necessary and ordinary and special shareholders’ meetings when not called by the Board of Directors, (iii) monitoring the company’s corporate records and other documents, and (iv) investigating written complaints of shareholders. In performing these functions, the Supervisory Committee does not control our operations or assess the merits of the decisions made by the Board of Directors.

The following chart shows the members of our Supervisory Committee appointed by the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 19, 2024. According to Technical Resolution No. 15 of the Argentine Federation of Professional Counsel of Economic Sciences and Section III, Chapter III of Title II of the CNV Rules, all of our syndics and alternate syndics are independent. All of the members of our Supervisory Committee were appointed for the term of one year, until the annual shareholders’ meeting that considers the financial statements corresponding to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

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Name |  | Office |  | Beginning Date of Office |  | Date of Birth
Carlos Alfredo Ojeda |  | Syndic |  | July 25, 2019 |  | January 17,1944
María Valeria Del Bono Lonardi |  | Syndic |  | April 24, 2018 |  | September 6, 1965

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Name |  | Office |  | Beginning Date of Office |  | Date of Birth
Carlos Enrique Lose |  | Alternate Syndic |  | June 8, 2009 |  | October 2,1943
Roberto Aníbal Boggiano |  | Alternate Syndic |  | June 8, 2009 |  | September 1,1955
Jorge Antonio Bermúdez |  | Alternate Syndic |  | April 28, 2020 |  | March 12, 1946

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The following are academic and professional backgrounds of the Supervisory Committee members:

Carlos Alfredo Ojeda holds a degree in Accountancy graduated from Universidad de Buenos Aires. He was an Internal Audit Manager of the International Division of Gillette Company until 1977, and worked in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Perú. He was a partner of a major local audit firm until 1995. He is a consultant on audit and corporate issues and has an active participation in management and control aspects of corporations in various industries. He has lectured at Universidad de Buenos Aires, including courses on Financial Planning and Budget Control and Audit and Management Control. He was also a speaker at various seminars and courses in his areas of specialty. He is a co-author of Auditoría – Técnica y Práctica and Normas para la Presentación de Estados Contables de Sociedades por Acciones. He is also a contributor to the publication Doctrina Societaria y Concursal. He currently serves as Syndic of Grupo Supervielle S.A.

María Valeria Del Bono Lonardi is a Lawyer graduated from Universidad de Buenos Aires and attended other professional specialization courses, including the International Criminal Update Program at Universidad Austral (2009). She joined Salvi Law Firm in 1995 and since then has been dedicated to the counseling and practice of criminal law. Her professional specialization is mainly based on the dogmatic of criminal offenses, with permanent assistance to insurance companies and independent professionals; the elaboration of strategies and proposals of technical defenses in the framework of oral and public trials and the advice on the prevention of corporate fraud, particularly to banking and financial entities. She is a member of the Bar Association of Buenos Aires and of the Bar Association of San Isidro. She currently serves as a Syndic of Grupo Supervielle S.A. and as an Alternate Syndic of Banco Supervielle S.A.

Carlos Enrique Lose holds a degree in Accountancy graduated from the Universidad de Buenos Aires. He worked for several years in the Audit Department of an important audit firm, and later dedicated to providing business advice. He was a lecturer at the Universidad de Buenos Aires’ School of Economics and has lectured courses at both public and private professional institutions. He is a founding partner of Bermúdez, Lose & Asociados. He has published different Works with specialized journals and is a co-author of the book Normas de Presentación de Estados Contables de Sociedades por Acciones. He currently serves as an Alternate Syndic of Grupo Supervielle S.A, Espacio Cordial , Micro Lending S.A.U., InvertirOnline S.A.U., Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U., Bolsillo Digital y Supervielle Agente de Negociación.

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Roberto Aníbal Boggiano holds a degree in Accountancy graduated from Universidad de Buenos Aires. He attended post graduate seminars on planning and corporate taxation. He has worked at several companies, including Celulosa Jujuy S.A., where he was as an analyst accountant assistant, general accountant and chief of planning from 1978 to 1994; Sert S.A., where he served as the administrative manager from 1994 to 1995; and Estudio Carlos Asato y Asociados, where he was in charge of corporate taxation and advising from 1995 to 2011. He currently serves as an Alternate Syndic of Grupo Supervielle S.A. and as Syndic of Banco Supervielle S.A.

Jorge Antonio Bermúdez holds a degree in Accountancy from Universidad de Buenos Aires. After working in the Audit Department of a major firm, he specialized in the Consulting and Finance fields, where he held senior management positions at important service companies. Later on he became a full time advisor in these fields. He was also a professor at the School of Economics of Universidad de Buenos Aires and lectured courses in private entities in addition to those arranged by his own firm. At present, he is an alternate syndic of Grupo Supervielle S.A., Banco Supervielle S.A., Espacio Cordial, Micro Lending S.A.U., InvertirOnline S.A.U., Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U., Bolsillo Digital and Supervielle Agente de Negociación.

According to the provisions of Section 79 of the Argentine Capital Markets Law, listed companies which have an audit committee are allowed not to have a Supervisory Committee. Such decision may only be adopted by an extraordinary shareholders meeting with a special quorum and supermajority of 75% of the voting stock.

Grupo Supervielle’s Officers

The following table sets forth certain information about our executive officers:

Name |  | Office |  | Profession |  | Date of Birth
Julio Patricio Supervielle |  | Chief Executive Officer | ​ | Business Administration | ​ | December 13, 1956
Mariano Biglia |  | Chief Financial Officer |  | Public Accountant |  | December 16, 1978
Celeste Ibañez |  | Chief Legal & Compliance Officer |  | Lawyer |  | August 11, 1977
Sabrina Roiter |  | Chief Risk Officer | ​ | Actuarial Science | ​ | February 20, 1985
Sergio Gustavo Vázquez |  | Chief Audit Executive Officer |  | Business Administration and Public Accountant |  | May 1, 1974
Ana Bartesaghi | ​ | Treasurer and IRO | ​ | Public Accountant | ​ | April 11, 1968

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The following are academic and professional backgrounds of our management members.

Mariano Biglia has been Chief Financial Officer of Grupo Supervielle since June 2020. He joined Grupo Supervielle as head of financial reporting in 2010, and since 2016 has served as head of administration, tax and finance, leading the financial reporting team for Supervielle’s IPO and Follow On. Earlier, he held several positions within the Techint Group, where he worked on the IPO of Tenaris and Ternium and served as Controller of Ternium’s US subsidiary. He is a Certified Public Accountant with a degree from the University of Buenos Aires, holds an Advanced Management Program degree (AMP) from Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University and is a CFA charterholder.

Celeste Ibañez was appointed Chief Legal and Compliance Officer of Grupo Supervielle in March 2024. Until then, she served as Head of Santander Argentina’s Internal Governance department, Intellectual Property and Market Relations Manager and Head of Responsible Banking/ESG. Furthermore, she was a member of the board of directors of Gire S.A. (Rapipago) and of the Santander Foundation. Previously, she was a senior lawyer position in the legal teams of Corporate & Investment Banking, Strategy Projects, and IT Development. Among her areas of expertise are legal, regulatory, corporate governance, banking and finance, risk management and responsible banking. As Responsible for Internal Governance, she gained experience in supporting the boards of directors of Santander Argentina and the subsidiaries of the Santander Group in Argentina. She is member of Women Corporate Directors Argentina. Mrs. Ibañez graduated from Universidad de Buenos Aires and obtained a master’s degree in finance at Universidad del CEMA. In addition, she obtained a Certificate Study in New Digital Businesses from Universidad de San Andrés and attended a Green Bonds and Sustainable Finance Program at Universidad del CEMA and a Board Participation Program at IDEA Business School. She is director of Mila and Portal Integral de Inversiones.

Sabrina Roiter has served as Chief Risk Officer of Grupo Supervielle since September 2024. She joined Supervielle in 2012, where she has held various roles within the Risk management team. Since 2021, she has served as Head of the Risk Department,

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overseeing key areas such as Credit Risk and Non-Financial Risks. Mrs. Roiter holds a degree in Actuarial Science with a specialization in Administration from the University of Buenos Aires and has over 15 years of industry experience. Previously, she worked at Management Solutions and Deloitte, providing consulting services in risk management for the financial sector. Additionally, she has taught courses at the University of Buenos Aires and completed the Executive Development Program and the Executive Training Program at IAE Business School.

Sergio Gustavo Vázquez has been Chief Audit Executive Officer since March 2019.  Prior to his appointment he was Audit Director at Banco Itaú and its subsidiaries in Argentina, from June 2013 to March 2018, and he added responsibilities as Head of Audit Northern Hemisphere Subsidiaries since 2017. He also held several positions within the Audit area in Itaú from 1998 to 2013 where he served as Latam Audit System Supervisor in Itaú Latam Subsidiaries, among others. He developed an extensive career with a scope of Risk, Finance, Analytics and IT. He holds degrees in Business Administration and Public Accountant from the University of Buenos Aires and an MBA from the IAE. He also obtained international certifications as Internal Auditor “CIA” from the Institute of Internal Auditors in 2001 and as Information System Auditor “CISA” from ISACA in 2006.

Ana Bartesaghi is Grupo Supervielle’s Treasurer and IRO since September 2011. She also serves as Director of Supervielle Seguros and Sofital. She was previously Head of Capital Markets at Banco Supervielle S.A. from 2004 to 2011 and she held prior positions at Citibank, Banco CMF, and Société Générale. She is a Certified Public Accountant from the University of Montevideo in Uruguay, and a post graduate degree in Economics from University of CEMA in Buenos Aires. She has 31 years of industry experience.

For the biographies of Mr. Julio Patricio Supervielle, see “—Grupo Supervielle’s Board of Directors.”

Compensation of Directors, Management and Supervisory Committee

Our shareholders fix our directors’ compensation, including their salaries and any additional wages arising from the directors’ permanent performance of any administrative or technical activity. Compensation of our directors is regulated by the Argentine General Corporations Law and the CNV regulations. Any compensation paid to our directors must have been previously approved at an ordinary shareholders’ meeting. Section 261 of the Argentine General Corporations Law provides that the compensation paid to all directors in a year may not exceed 5.0% of net income for such year, if the company is not paying dividends in respect of such net income. The Argentine General Corporations Law increases the annual limitation on director compensation to up to 25.0% of net income based on the amount of dividends, If any, that are paid. In the case of directors that perform duties at special committees or perform administrative or technical tasks, the aforesaid limits may be exceeded if a shareholders’ meeting so approves, such issue is included in the agenda, and is in accordance with the regulations of the CNV. In any case, the compensation of all directors and members of the supervisory committee requires shareholders’ ratification at an ordinary shareholders’ meeting.

We have not entered into employment contracts with the members of our Board of Directors. We have assigned certain executive and technical-administrative functions to some of our directors. As of the date of this annual report, neither we, nor any of our affiliates, have entered into any agreement that provides for any benefit or compensation to any director after expiration of his or her term.

Our annual ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 19, 2024 resolved to delegate to our board of directors the authority to implement a stock option program in the future. The beneficiaries of this program are expected to be key officers of the Company and its subsidiaries.

The aggregate compensation paid to our directors, senior management and members of our Supervisory Committee in 2024 was approximately Ps.3,437.4 million, Ps.13,183.8 million and Ps.10.5 million, respectively. Senior management compensation includes compensation paid to certain senior officers of the Bank.

In May 2024, IOL invertironline launched a stock option plan with the aim of retaining employees who make significant contributions. This plan allows eligible employees to purchase shares of IOL Holding at a predetermined price during a period.

Banco Supervielle’s Board of Directors

Our main subsidiary, the Bank, is managed by its own Board of Directors, which is currently comprised of five members. As of the date of this annual report, the shareholders present at any annual ordinary meeting may determine the size of the Board of Directors, provided that there shall be no less than three and no more than nine directors, and appoint an equal or lesser number of

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alternate directors. Any director so appointed will serve for two years. The elections of the Bank’s Board of Directors are staggered. As of the date of this annual report, one half of the members of the Bank’s Board of Directors are elected each year. While directors generally serve two-year terms, in the event of an increase or decrease in the number of directors serving on the Bank’s board, the shareholders’ are authorized to appoint directors for a period of less than two years. Directors may be reelected and will remain on their duties until their replacements take their positions.

The Bank’s corporate governance model contains most of the recommendations made by the Central Bank and CNV regarding corporate governance. Such model provides guidelines regarding decision-making by the Bank’s Board of Directors, as well as certain guidelines for the committees reporting to the Board of Directors. Among other things, the guidelines incorporate provisions to the Board of Directors’ regulations, such as:

| · | The Board of Directors shall meet on a monthly basis in order to discuss policies, strategic issues and business, and other customary issues such as provisions, budgetary divergences, portfolios, etc.

| · | The Board of Directors shall meet on a quarterly basis in order to analyze: (i) operational risks and regulatory compliance,(ii) prevention of money laundering and financing of terrorism, (iii) auditing, (iv) IT, (v) human resources, (vi) credit risks, and (vii) implementation of the Bank’s strategic plan.

The following table sets forth the composition of the Bank’s Board of Directors:

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| ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |
Name |  | Title |  | Date of first appointment to the Board |  | Date of expiration of current term |  | Date of Birth
Julio Patricio Supervielle | ​ | Chairman of the Board | ​ | 2005 | ​ | December 31, 2025 | ​ | December 13, 1956
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini | ​ | First Vice-Chairman of the Board | ​ | 2011 | ​ | December 31, 2025 | ​ | February 13, 1956
Alejandra Naughton | ​ | Second Vice-Chairman of the Board | ​ | 2020 | ​ | December 31, 2025 | ​ | September 22, 1962
Patricia Furlong | ​ | Director | ​ | 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2025 | ​ | January 13, 1973
Javier Conigliaro | ​ | Director | ​ | 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2025 | ​ | November 16, 1964

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All appointed directors, were approved to be members of the Board of Directors as required by Central Bank regulations. In accordance with Section 11, Chapter III, Title II of the CNV Rules, all directors, except for Mrs. Patricia Furlong, have the status of non-independent directors. Mrs. Patricia Furlong has the status of independent director pursuant to the CNV and Central Bank rules.

Set forth below are the biographical descriptions of Alejandra Naughton, Patricia Furlong and Javier Conigliaro. For biographical descriptions of Mr. Julio Patricio Supervielle and Mr. Atilio Dell’Oro Maini, see “—Grupo Supervielle’s Board of Directors.”

Alejandra Naughton was appointed Director of Banco Supervielle S.A. on July 13, 2020. Before being appointed Director, she was Chief Financial Officer of Grupo Supervielle since 2011 and Chief Financial Officer of Banco Supervielle S.A. since 2012. She holds a degree in Economics from the Universidad de Buenos Aires and a post-graduate degree in Project Management from Universidad de Belgrano. She attended the CFO Executive Program at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. She has taken courses at the Bank of England in London, where she obtained the “Expert in Finance and Management Accounting” and “Expert in Corporate Governance” degrees, at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, where she obtained the “Expert in Management and Operations” degree, and at the IMF, where she obtained the “Expert in Safeguards Assessment” degree. From 1994 to 2007, she served on the Central Bank’s staff in several senior positions, including Deputy General Manager from 2003 to 2007 and Argentine Representative to the Governance Network at the Bank for International Settlements in Switzerland. During 2007 and 2008, she worked as a consultant at the IMF. Ms. Naughton brings to the Board valuable expertise on banking regulations and monetary matters given her deep knowledge of the banking sector based on her extensive experience at the Central Bank. Her involvement acting as CFO since our IPO in 2016 allows her to take on a stewardship role as Grupo Supervielle pursues its reporting responsibilities with the market and financial authorities. She also provides permanent support to our IR Program. Ms. Naughton currently serves as Second Vice Chairperson of Banco

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Supervielle S.A., Director of Supervielle Seguros, Vice Chairperson of Micro Lending, Director of InvertirOnline S.A.U., Director of Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros, Director of Bolsillo Digital, Director of Supervielle Agente de Negociación, Director of IOL Holding, Director of Portal Integral de Inversiones, Director of Espacio Cordial and Director of IOL Agente de Valores S.A.

Patricia Furlong was appointed Director of Banco Supervielle on April 19, 2024. In addition, she serves as President & CEO of Global Processing S.A., a technology company focused on processing digital payment methods, with regional scope in Latin America. Previously, she served as Vice President and General Manager of Global Commercial Payments at American Express Argentina S.A. being at the same time Executive Director of the Board. She was General Manager of Arvato Services S.A. (company of German origin with a focus on outsourced services) and worked as Regional BPO Director at EDS S.A. providing services to global accounts. Additionally, she has several years of experience in Management Consulting, leading projects in various industries both in Argentina and abroad. She graduated with honors in Business Administration from the University of Buenos Aires, completed an MBA at UCEMA and Management Development Programs at IAE and MIND (Digital Business) at San Andrés University. She was also certified in the Leadership Excellence Program at Harvard University. She was awarded the “Inspiring Executive” Award, Women that Build Award 2021, powered by Globant. Mrs. Furlong is also an active promoter of Gender Diversity in the professional field and a frequent speaker on topics related to the Payment Methods Ecosystem, Fintech Industry and D&I. Mrs. Furlong brings to the Board more than 20 years of experience in General Management roles, leading international companies in different industries. She has strategic vision, leading businesses with solid experience in Commercial Strategy, P&L Management, Product Strategy, Operational Efficiency and Financial Control. She also adds her extensive experience in Business Consulting, leading strategic Management and Transformation projects (digital, processes and organizational management).

Javier Conigliaro was appointed Director of Banco Supervielle on July 11, 2024. He was Chief Risk Officer of Grupo Supervielle since July 2016. He served as Chief Risk Officer of Banco Supervielle S.A. from 2012 through 2016. He held previous several positions at Banco Supervielle S.A., Head of Corporate Risk in Société Générale Argentina, Credit Risk Senior analyst in SocGen New York and in Beal WestLB Argentina. With overall 34 years of experience in the risk industry within financial institutions, Mr. Conigliaro is an economist with graduate studies from the University of Buenos Aires, he attended the Executive Education Program in Risk Management at Kellogg School of Management & PRMIA and the Management Development Program at Universidad Austral – IAE Business School.

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Banco Supervielle’s Officers

The following table sets forth certain information about the Bank executive officers:

Name |  | Office |  | Date of Birth |  | Profession
Gustavo Alejandro Manriquez |  | Chief Executive Officer | ​ | August 23, 1969 | ​ | Business Administration
Mariano Biglia |  | Chief Financial Officer |  | December 16, 1978 |  | Public Accountant
Casandra Giuliano |  | Chief People Officer |  | December 16, 1971 |  | Labor Relations
Sergio Mazzitello |  | Chief Product & Information Officer |  | February 21, 1965 |  | Information Systems
Sabrina Roiter | ​ | Chief Risk Officer | ​ | February 20, 1985 | ​ | Actuarial Science
Celeste Ibañez | ​ | Chief Legal & Compliance Officer | ​ | August 11, 1977 | ​ | Lawyer
Sergio Vazquez | ​ | Chief Audit Executive Officer | ​ | May 1, 1974 |  | Business Administration and Public Accountant
Hernan Oliver | ​ | Chief Treasury & Global Markets | ​ | June 2, 1973 | ​ | Economics
Roberto García Guevara | ​ | Chief Capital Markets | ​ | August 21, 1964 | ​ | Public Accountant
Ignacio Morello | ​ | Chief Corporate Banking Officer | ​ | December 19, 1967 | ​ | Industrial Engineering
Bruno Arcucci | ​ | Chief Consumer Banking Officer | ​ | August 20, 1974 | ​ | Marketing
Ana Bartesaghi | ​ | Head of Investor Relations | ​ | April 11, 1968 | ​ | Public Accountant

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Gustavo Alejandro Manriquez has been appointed as CEO of Banco Supervielle, effective October 1, 2024. Prior to his appointment as CEO of Banco Supervielle, and since 2016, Gustavo served as CEO and General Manager of Banco Macro. During his tenure, he focused on positioning the bank as one of the leading private franchises in the country and developed a digital strategy that facilitated a comprehensive transformation of the value proposition across all customer segments. He brings over 30 years of experience in the Argentine financial industry, where he has held several executive positions and consistently driven growth through strategic partnerships and the implementation of innovative digital solutions throughout his career. Previously, he led the retail and SMEs divisions at Scotiabank Uruguay. Prior to that, Gustavo had an extensive career at Citibank, both in Argentina and abroad. He holds a bachelor’s degree in business administration from Universidad de Belgrano and a postgraduate degree in Finance from CEMA, Centro de Estudios Macroeconómicos. Additionally, he completed the Executive Development Program at the Instituto de Altos Estudios Empresariales (IAE) and holds an MBA from IAE.

Casandra Giuliano has been appointed Chief People Officer of Grupo Supervielle and Banco Supervielle S.A. as of September 2022. She has over 20 years of experience designing talent management strategies, development, and organizational transformation processes with an innovative and holistic vision. Prior to that, she held the positions of Culture and Talent Manager at Banco Galicia and Cultural Transformation Manager for 2 years at the same company, implementing agile methodologies, creating new operating models, and leading the transformation process of traditional operations towards Data Driven models. She previously served as HR Advisory Manager at Banco Galicia, HR, Quality and Organization Manager at Galicia Seguros and HR Manager at BGH. She obtained a Degree in Labor Relations from Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and has specialized in the field of Human Resources at financial institutions. She obtained a Postgraduate Degree in Human Resources Strategic Management at the Instituto para el Desarrollo Empresarial de la Argentina (IDEA), in addition to a Management Development Program at the Instituto de Altos Estudios Empresariales (IAE).

Sergio Mazzitello is Chief Product & Information Officer of Grupo Supervielle.  He joined Supervielle in December 2019. Previously he served since 2014 as Chief Information Officer in Naranja, from Grupo Galicia. He also held several executive level positions leading cross-functional international teams, in the areas of Business, Operations, and IT. He holds a degree in Information Systems from the University of Buenos Aires, a master’s in business administration from IDEA and more than 28 years’ experience in the payments industry and in financial services.

Hernán Oliver has been the Bank’s Head of Treasury and Global Markets since May 2009. He holds a degree in Economics from the Universidad Católica Argentina as well as a master’s degree in Finance from CEMA. In 1996 and 1997, he worked at Bank of America. From 1997 to 2002, he served as Finance Department Senior Trader at Banco General de Negocios. He then worked at Banco

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Finansur Finance Department until 2004, when he was hired as the Head of the Trading Desk at Banco Banex (at present Banco Supervielle S.A.). He has also been appointed as Alternate Director of Mercado Abierto Electrónico, the most important electronic securities and foreign currency trading market in Argentina

Roberto García Guevara joined Banco Supervielle S.A. in April 2018 as Head of Capital Markets. He is a public accountant graduated from Universidad de Buenos Aires. From 1992 to 1995 he worked at Baring Securities Argentina as a sales trader. From July 1995 to June 1998 he served as Head of Argentine Research at Caspian Securities Sociedad de Bolsa. Between July 1998 and November 2002, he worked at Merril Lynch S.A. Sociedad de Bolsa serving as Senior Country Analyst - First Vice President, covering Argentina and Chile, and he also served as Vice President of the Board. From 2003 to August 2007 Roberto was Head of Research of Raymond James Argentina. From September 2007 until 2009 he worked at UBS Pactual as Head of Southern Cone and Andean Equity Strategy & Research. Roberto returned to Raymond James Argentina in 2010, where he was Head of Research until 2012. During his career in Research, he was ranked 10 times by the annual survey of “Institutional Investor” as a top three analyst for Argentine Equity Research (he was ranked number one five times). In 2012 he moved to the Corporate Finance effort within Raymond James Argentina (then AR Partners) and was Head of Corporate Finance between 2015 and March 2018.

Ignacio Morello has served as Chief Corporate Banking Officer since February 2025. He joined Grupo Supervielle in September 2019, initially leading the Corporate Banking and Megras business in AMBA and later expanding his role nationwide in October 2023. His responsibilities include the development of all the Bank’s businesses with large and medium-sized companies. Ignacio holds a degree in Industrial Engineering from the University of Buenos Aires and a Master’s in Finance from the University of CEMA. Additionally, he has completed Executive Education programs at Columbia, MIT, and Stanford. Before joining Supervielle, Ignacio spent 26 years at Citibank, where he held various positions in Citi Argentina's Corporate and Investment Banking division, served as General Manager of Citibank Paraguay and Citibank Puerto Rico, and was CEO of Citibank Argentina's Retail Business.

Bruno Arcucci has served as Chief Consumer Banking Officer at Grupo Supervielle since March 2025. He joined Banco Supervielle in November 2015, holding various roles within the Individual and Business Segments, as well as in commercial areas within the Branch Network. In 2022, he assumed the role of Executive Manager of Distribution and Sales, overseeing key areas of the in-person and virtual business, the Customer Service Model, and the Commercial Management Model. In 2024, he expanded his responsibilities to include Public Banking, Payroll Plans, and Customer Experience. Bruno holds a degree in Marketing from Universidad Abierta Interamericana, complemented by a Postgraduate Degree in Finance from ADEM Business School and an MBA from IAE Business School. He has over 20 years of experience in the industry, having previously worked at Banco Galicia in various commercial business areas.

For the biographies of Mr. Mariano Biglia, Mrs. Celeste Ibañez, Mrs. Sabrina Roiter, Mr. Sergio Vázquez and Mrs. Ana Bartesaghi, see “—Grupo Supervielle’s Officers.”

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IOL invertironline’s Board of Directors

Our subsidiary, IOL invertironline, is managed by its own Board of Directors, which is currently comprised of six members.

| ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |
Name |  | Title |  | Date of first appointment to the Board |  | Date of expiration of current term |  | Date of Birth
Julio Patricio Supervielle | ​ | Chairman | ​ | September 24, 2018 | ​ | December 31, 2024 | ​ | December 13, 1956
Atilio María Dell´Oro Maini | ​ | Vice-Chairman of the Board | ​ | September 24, 2018 | ​ | December 31, 2024 | ​ | February 13, 1956
Matias Jules Bernard Supervielle | ​ | Director | ​ | April 20, 2021 | ​ | December 31, 2024 | ​ | September 30, 1996
Alejandra Gladis Naughton | ​ | Director | ​ | June 30, 2020 | ​ | December 31, 2024 | ​ | September 22, 1962
Daniela Margoth Espinosa Cordova | ​ | Director | ​ | January 31, 2025 | ​ | December 31, 2024 | ​ | August 8, 1977
Marcos Kantt |  | Director |  | April 15, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | April 29, 1981

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Set forth below are the biographical descriptions of Markos Kantt and Daniela Margoth Espinosa Cordova. For biographical descriptions of Mr. Julio Patricio Supervielle, Mr. Atilio María Dell´Oro Maini, Mr. Matias Jules Bernard Supervielle and Mrs. Alejandra Gladis Naughton, see “—Grupo Supervielle’s Board of Directors” and “—Banco Supervielle’s Board of Directors.”

Daniela Margoth Espinosa Cordova was appointed Director of Invertironline in January 2025. She started her career as as a banker, she worked at Citibank for 12 years, her last position was Country Risk Manager for Ecuador. She later was CFO for two of the largest Family owned businesses In Ecuador Consorcio Nobis and Grupo KFC, Board Member of various companies and President of the Technology and Innovation Chamber in Ecuador. In 2016 she cofounded Kushki, the first Ecuadorian unicorn. She was part of Kushki until the company closed an extension of Round B and had a unicorn valuation, growing the team from 1 to 700 employees. She is now and angel investor in startups, Board Member, Formal advisor for startups and helps VCs in the due dilligence of companies. She graduating with Magna Cum Laude with a BA in Finance from Universidad San Francisco de Quito, completed and MBA in IDE Business School with a Suma Cum Laude, Finance for Senior Executives in Harvard Business School and Stanford Artificial Intelligence for Business Managers. She was awarded as one of the 500 Most Innovative persons in Latam by Bloomberg en Línea in 2021. Daniela is capable of growing a company, opening countries' strategy, understanding the fundamentals of an industry and opportunities, helping the team to raise funds (also debt and capital markets), creating teams, great knowledge on the corporate world and B2b Sales, product, finance, risk management and great expertise in Fintech.

Marcos Kantt was appointed Director of Invertironline in April 2025. Marcos is the Chief Financial Officer at Habi, the leading property technology company in Spanish-speaking Latin America. Since joining in 2021, Marcos has played a critical role in significantly scaling the company’s regional platform, leading all financial and strategic functions, including corporate development, M&A, investor relations, capital raising, treasury, budgeting, accounting, reporting, inventory management, and internal controls. Before Habi, Marcos spent nearly two decades at Credit Suisse First Boston and Bank of America, advising clients across the U.S. and Latin America on more than $130 billion in transaction volume. His expertise spans financial institutions, fintech, and real estate, with a focus on complex M&A, IPOs, debt, and other capital markets transactions. Marcos earned his bachelor’s degree cum laude in Computer Information Systems and Finance from the University of Miami, after transferring from Universidad de San Andrés in Buenos Aires, Argentina. In addition to his role at Habi, Marcos serves as an Operating Partner at 30N Ventures and is an active mentor at Endeavor. He lives in New York City with his wife and two daughters.

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IOL invertironline’s Officers

The following table sets forth certain information about the IOL invertironline executive officers:

Name |  | Office |  | Date of Birth |  | Profession
Diego Pizzulli | ​ | Chief Executive Officer | ​ | April 14, 1985 | ​ | Economics
Juan Manuel Costa | ​ | Chief Technology Officer | ​ | November 26, 1985 | ​ | Software Engineering
Juan Martín Benitez | ​ | Chief Operating Officer | ​ | September 30, 1992 | ​ | Economics
Lorena Malatesta | ​ | Vice President of Marketing | ​ | January 11, 1982 | ​ | Public Accountant Business Administration

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Diego Pizzulli has been appointed Chief Executive Officer of IOL invertironline in July 2022. He has 15 years of experience in the technology industry, developing strategies with a focus on innovation, managing digital products and businesses, and executing projects. He was co-founder and CEO of Alta, a 100% digital broker. Before that, Diego was co-founder, CEO and Director of Cash-online, an Argentine Fintech focused on online lending. Previously, he held various positions at Despegar.com. He earned a degree in Economics from Universidad Católica Argentina and obtained an MBA from Universidad de San Andrés in Argentina.

Juan Manuel Costa is the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) at IOL Inversiones, where he leads the company’s technological transformation with a focus on artificial intelligence, big data, and cybersecurity. With a solid background in the tech and fintech worlds, Juan Manuel has led high-impact teams at companies such as PayClip, Wildlife Studios, and Despegar. Originally from Patagonia, he combines his passion for technology with an explorer’s spirit, often challenging himself through skiing and mountain climbing. At IOL, he now drives agile, secure, and user-centered digital solutions to make investing in Argentina increasingly simple and accessible.

Juan Martín Benitez is Chief Operating Officer at InvertirOnline, has over 8 years of experience in digital and financial businesses. Throughout his career, he has held strategic roles focused on enhancing customer experience and optimizing operational efficiency. He holds a degree in Economics from Universidad del Salvador.

Lorena Malatesta is Vice President of Marketing at IOL invertironline, with over 25 years of experience in marketing, communications, and customer experience within the financial and technology sectors. She holds a Master’s in Business Administration (IAE), is a Certified Public Accountant and has a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration (UBA), as well as being a licensed Capital Markets professional. She specializes in growth marketing, rebranding, and strategic product launches, always with a strong focus on ROI. Her leadership is grounded in building high-performance teams, optimizing processes, and applying a strategic, results-oriented mindset. She believes perseverance and a positive attitude are key to turning every challenge into a great opportunity.

Management of Our Other Subsidiaries

The senior management of our other subsidiaries is in charge of the implementation and execution of their overall short-term and strategic objectives, and reports to the Boards of Directors of the respective subsidiaries.

The CEO of Supervielle Seguros is Diego Squartini. Diego Squartini has been Chief Executive Officer of Supervielle Seguros since 2013. He obtained a degree in Economics and a master’s degree in Business Management from Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. He also attended the Leadership Program at Universidad Austral. From 2010 to 2013, he served as Regional Manager at Banco Supervielle. From 2004 to 2010 he was the Financial Manager at Banco Regional de Cuyo. From 2000 to 2004, he worked as Corporate Business Manager and from 1995 to 2000 as Branch Manager, also at Banco Regional de Cuyo.

Committees Reporting to Grupo Supervielle’s Board of Directors

Audit Committee

Pursuant to the Argentine Capital Markets Law and its implementing regulations, we are required to have an audit committee consisting of at least three members of our Board of Directors with experience in business, finance, accounting, banking and audit matters. Under CNV regulations, at least a majority of the members of the audit committee must be independent directors.

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As a foreign private issuer listed in the United States, our audit committee is composed of independent members designated by our Board of Directors, who are independent under Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. All three members of our audit committee are financially literate and Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer is a financial expert.

We will take the necessary measures to ensure that independent alternate members are available in order to fill possible vacancies. A quorum for a decision by the audit committee will require the presence of a majority of its members and matters will be decided by the vote of a majority of those present at the meeting. A chairman of the committee must be appointed during the first meeting after members of the committee have been appointed. The chairman of the committee may cast two votes in the case of a tie. Pursuant to our bylaws, audit committee members may participate in a meeting of the committee by means of a communication system that provides for a simultaneous transmission of sound, images and words, and members participating by such means count for quorum purposes and the committee will pass resolutions by the affirmative vote of the majority of members present either physically or by means of such communication system. If the committee holds meetings by means of such communication system, it must comply with the same requirements applicable to Board of Directors’ meetings held in such way. Decisions of the audit committee will be recorded in a special corporate book and will be signed by all members of the committee who were present at the meeting. Pursuant to Article 17 Section V Chapter III Title II of the CNV Rules, the audit committee must hold at least one regularly scheduled meeting every three months.

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The Audit Commitee has a written charter that establishes its duties and responsibilities. The current charter was approved by our Board of Directors in May 2020.

Our audit committee performs the following duties and responsibilities among others:

| ● | issues an opinion on the proposals made by the Board of Directors to the shareholders regarding the appointment of external auditors;

| ● | analyses the services rendered by the external auditors and their fees, ensures their independence, reviews their planning and evaluates their performance, issuing an opinion on this matter when the Group files its annual financial statements;

| ● | maintains an understanding of the internal audit policies to ensure that they are complete and up-to-date, and approves such policies, submitting them to the Board of Directors for their consideration and approval;

| ● | ensures and evaluates the performance of the Internal Audit function, establishing its human and budgetary resources, approves the annual internal audit plan and additional ad-hoc audits, and oversees compliance with the audit plan, issuing an opinion on the planning and performance of Internal Audit when the annual financial statements of the Company are filed;

| ● | ensures that the recommendations contained in audit reports are followed;

| ● | oversees the sufficiency, adequacy and effectiveness of the internal control systems, to ensure the reliability, reasonableness, adequacy and transparency of the financial statements and the financial and accounting information of Grupo Supervielle;

| ● | oversees the maintenance of adequate internal controls by each of Grupo Supervielle’s subsidiaries to minimize risk through the consolidation of best practices with respect to each of the businesses;

| ● | evaluates the quality of internal processes with the aim of overseeing the quality control of customer service, the risk control and the efficiency control in the operation of Grupo Supervielle;

| ● | takes knowledge of Grupo Supervielle’s financial, reputational, legal and operational risks and oversees compliance with policies designed to mitigate them and with information policies on risk management;

| ● | assists the Board of Directors in the supervision of the financial statements, analyzing Grupo Supervielle’s financial statements and the consolidated financial statements with its controlled and associate companies prior to their

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|  | presentation to the Board of Directors and with the necessary depth to assess their reasonableness, reliability and clarity;

| ● | supervises the reliability of the financial information and the information on significant events that are presented to the markets and control agencies;

| ● | assists the Board of Directors in supervising compliance with the established policies, processes, procedures and rules established by Grupo Supervielle and its controlled and associate companies;

| ● | takes knowledge of compliance with the applicable regulations in matters related to conduct in the securities markets, data protection, as well as that the requirements of the competent bodies on these matters are addressed in a timely and appropriate manner;

| ● | ensures that the Code of Ethics and Internal Codes of Conduct comply with current rules and regulations;

| ● | verifies the fulfillment of any applicable rules of conduct;

| ● | takes notice of complaints regarding accounting, internal control over financial reporting and auditing matters, received through the applicable procedures;

| ● | provides the market with complete information on transactions in which there may be a conflict of interest with members of our various corporate bodies or controlling shareholders;

| ● | issues grounded opinions on related-party transactions under certain circumstances and files such opinions with regulatory agencies as required by the CNV;

| ● | issues an opinion on the reasonableness of fees and stock option plans for our Directors and managers proposed by the Board of Directors;

| ● | issues a report before any decision of the Board of Directors to buyback shares of the Company;

| ● | issues an opinion on the fulfillment of legal requirements and on the reasonableness of the terms of the issuance of shares or other securities that are convertible into shares, in cases of capital increase in which preemptive rights are excluded or limited;

| ● | at least once a year and upon the filing of the Company´s annual financial statements, issues a report to the Board and shareholders addressing the work done to perform its duties, and the results of its work;

| ● | prepares an action plan for each fiscal year, which must be presented to the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Committee within sixty calendar days of the beginning of the fiscal year; and

| ● | performs all other duties stated in its charter, our bylaws, laws and regulations.

Members of the board, members of the Supervisory Committee and external independent accountants are required to attend the meetings of the audit committee if the audit committee so requests it, and are required to grant the audit committee full cooperation and information. The audit committee is entitled to hire experts and counsel to assist it in its tasks and has full access to all of our information and documentation that it may deem necessary.

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The following chart shows the current membership of our Audit Committee:

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Name |  | Position |  | Profession |  | Status(1)
José María Orlando |  | Director, Chairman of the Committee |  | Business Administration |  | Independent
Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer(2) | ​ | Director | ​ | Business Administration (Financial Expert) | ​ | Independent
Eduardo Pablo Braun |  | Director |  | Industrial Engineer and Business Administration |  | Independent

(1) | Pursuant to Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act.

(2) | Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer is a non-independent director pursuant to the CNV Regulations, whereas she is an independent director pursuant to Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act.

Risk Management Committee

The risk management committee is composed of at least two directors and of members of our management team, and of management of our main subsidiaries.

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Our risk management committee performs the following functions:

| · | develops strategies and policies for the management of credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, operational risk and other risks that could affect us, makes sure our strategies and policies are in line with regulations and best practices and oversees their correct implementation and enforcement and defines Grupo Supervielle’s risk appetite and tolerance and the global risk profile for the approval of the Board of Directors;

| · | approves limits relating to the management of credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk and liquidity risk, and monitors the evolution of key indicators relating to operational risk, which includes a map of risks used by the trading desk for trading operations and the map of risks for investment operations at a consolidated level;

| · | periodically monitors the risks that Grupo Supervielle faces and the application of strategies and policies designed to address such risks;

| · | defines the general criteria for pricing risk;

| · | evaluates the adequacy of capital with respect to Grupo Supervielle’s risk profile;

| · | defines policy and the methodological framework for performing stress tests with respect to risk management, approves scenarios for conducting individual stress tests for particular and general risks, evaluates and discusses the results of the stress tests that are presented and recommends contingency plans to address such risks, utilizes the results of the stress tests for the consideration of establishing or revising the limits and brings all of the results of the tests to the Board of Directors for approval;

| · | designs effective information channels and systems for the Board of Directors related to risk management;

·ensures that our subsidiaries’ management compensation plans incentivize a prudent level of each risk;

| · | approves risk management quantitative models and monitors the effectiveness of such models; and

| · | remains aware of the memos and rules related to risk published by each regulatory agency that regulates any of our subsidiaries, as well as understands the repercussions that the application of such memos or rules could have on our operations.

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The following table sets forth the members of the risk management committee.

​

Name |  | Position
Julio Patricio Supervielle |  | Chairman of the Committee, Chairman of the Board and CEO
Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer |  | Director
Sabrina Roiter |  | Chief Risk Officer (CRO)
Gustavo Alejandro Manriquez |  | CEO of Banco Supervielle S.A.

​

Ethics, Compliance and Corporate Governance Committee

The ethics, compliance and corporate governance committee is tasked with assisting the Board of Directors in adopting the best practices of good corporate governance aimed at maximizing the growth capacity of Grupo Supervielle and its related companies and prevent the destruction of value. It also assists the Board of Directors in overseeing its Ethics and Compliance Program. Our ethics, compliance and corporate governance committee performs the following functions:

| · | prepares and submits to the Board of Directors for its approval the Code of Corporate Governance and the codes, policies and procedures with regards to Ethics and Compliance, aiming to a progressive convergence towards the international standards of ethics, compliance and corporate governance;

·proposes to the Board of Directors the agenda related to ethics and compliance;

·defines policies and procedures related to ethics and compliance;

| · | promotes, follows-up and oversees the compliance with the Code of Corporate Governance, and with the codes, policies and procedures related to Ethics and Compliance and informs the Board of Directors of any deviations that may occur and makes recommendations accordingly;

·takes knowledge of all applicable regulations and their impact within Grupo Supervielle’s practices;

| · | makes recommendations to the Board of Directors on the gradual and progressive adoption of the provisions set forth by the CNV and the Central Bank regarding corporate governance standards;

| · | takes knowledge of the recommendations of the Basel Committee accords and makes recommendations to the Board of Directors for their gradual and progressive adoption;

·submits to the Board of Directors an Annual Report of Compliance with the Code of Corporate Governance;

| · | reviews the results of the inspections carried out by the Central Bank and any other regulatory bodies and addresses the observations of the external auditors as regards ethics, compliance and corporate governance issues;

| · | reports to the Board of Directors on the general situation of the Code of Corporate Governance, ethics and compliance as well as on incidents and complaints;

| · | proposes to the Board of Directors any changes to the terms of reference of the Board Committees in order to improve the execution of its objectives and functions;

| · | proposes policies and procedures to the Board of Directors for the assessment and self-evaluation of the Board and its members and of the board committees;

·defines policies and guidelines with regards to Grupo Supervielle’s related parties;

·revises from time to time the terms of the Code of Ethics and of the Code of Corporate Governance; and

·carries out any other acts within its competence, as may be requested by the Board of Directors.

195

The following table sets forth the members of the ethics, compliance and corporate governance committee.

​

Name |  | Position
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini |  | Director, Chairman of the Committee
Laurence Mengin de Loyer |  | Director
Celeste Ibañez |  | Chief Legal & Compliance Officer
Sabrina Roiter |  | Chief Risk Officer (CRO)
Agustina del Pilar González |  | Manager of Corporate Affairs
Laura Guardabrazo |  | COE Compliance. Secretary of the Committee

​

Nomination and Remuneration Committee

The Nomination and Remuneration Committee is composed of at least three directors. The Chairman of the Committee must be an independent director under the Regulations terms of the CNV.

The Nomination and Remuneration Committee performs the following functions:

| · | assists the Board of Directors in the nomination of Directors process and in the definition of criteria for identification and selection of qualified individuals to be candidates for the Board of Directors;

| · | identifies and interviews candidates to be part of the Board of Directors and recommend candidates to the Board to be nominated at the shareholders’ meeting;

| · | coordinates the induction process for new members of the Board of Directors and Senior Management;

| · | dictates principles, parameters and guidelines of remuneration policies applicable to independent and non-independent members of the Board of Directors, Senior Management and staff in general, including (as the case may be) fee schemes, fixed and variable salaries and incentive plans, retirement plans and associated benefits, following current regulatory provisions;

| · | carries out an annual evaluation of the financial incentives system for Senior Management, which may be carried out by an independent firm. Work together with the Risk Management Committee in evaluating incentives generated by the aforementioned economic incentive system for personnel;

| · | prepares (in conjunction with the Ethics, Compliance & Corporate Governance Committee) criteria and guidelines for the Board’s self-evaluation process and review it periodically;

| · | coordinates implementation of the Board’s annual self-evaluation and prepare an annual report on the matter, in accordance with established evaluation guidelines and criteria. Also coordinate self-evaluation of the Board Committees performance;

| · | raises proposals for strategic human resources plans to the Board, including human capital development plans, incentive plans and / or monetary and non-monetary benefits, communication plans, labor relations plans and training plans and carry out periodic monitoring of the implementation of said strategic plans;

| · | dictates guidelines to conduct annual performance evaluations of personnel;

| · | submits proposals to the Board of Directors for appointments of senior managers of the companies of Grupo Supervielle (CEO, and Senior Managers);

| · | promotes achievement of high standards of integrity and honesty on the part of all employees of Grupo Supervielle and its subsidiaries;

196

| · | approves and inform the Board of Directors of the contracting of insurance policies applicable to the Board of Directors and members of Senior Management;

| · | reviews the organizational structure of Grupo Supervielle and its subsidiaries;

| · | proposes recommendations to the Board of Directors regarding its composition; and

| · | exercises those other competencies assigned to this committee by the Board of Directors.

The following table sets forth the members of the Nominations and Remuneration Committee:

​

Name |  | Position
Eduardo Pablo Braun |  | Independent Director, Chairman of the Committee
Julio Patricio Supervielle(1) |  | Chairman of the Board and CEO
Hugo Enrique Santiago Basso |  | Director
Laurence Mengin de Loyer(2) |  | Independent Director

(1)Julio Patricio Supervielle is an executive Director in his capacity as CEO of Grupo Supervielle.

(2) Ms. Mengin de Loyer is a non-independent director pursuant to the CNV Regulations, whereas she is an independent director pursuant to Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act.

​

The Chief People Officer is the Secretary of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee

​

Disclosure Committee

The disclosure committee is responsible for the following tasks:

| · | supervise our system of controls and disclosure procedures to ensure that the information required to be made known to the public (directly or through regulatory bodies) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported accurately and in a timely manner;

| · | evaluate the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures to determine the need or desirability of making changes to those controls and procedures in relation to the preparation of the next periodic reports;

| · | review of any information related to any material fact that must be submitted to the Argentine Securities and Exchange Commission, the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange, the Mercado Abierto Electrónico S.A., the SEC, the New York Stock Exchange, the Argentine Central Bank, the Superintendency of Insurance, and any other regulatory body with which it interacts and which relates to (i) mandatory reports; (ii) press releases containing financial information, information on significant or material transactions; (iii) publication of relevant facts, (iv) oral communication and written correspondence for dissemination to shareholders and investors; and (v) any other relevant piece of information that should be communicated; and

| · | propose to the Board the policy for the management of confidential information and control its compliance, particularly that related to legal persons.

197

The following table sets forth the members of the disclosure committee.

​

Name |  | Position
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini |  | Director
Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer |  | Director Chairman of the Committee
Mariano Biglia |  | Chief Financial Officer (CFO)
Sabrina Roiter |  | Chief Risk Officer (CRO)
Celeste Ibañez |  | Chief Legal & Compliance Officer
Ana Inés Bartesaghi Bender | ​ | Treasurer and Investor Relations Officer (IRO), Secretary of the Committee
Matías González Carrara | ​ | Head of Accountancy of Grupo Supervielle

​

Committee for the Analysis of Operations with Related Parties

The committee for the analysis of operations with related parties has advisory and supervision powers to evaluate the operations to be performed between by Grupo Supervielle’s related parties as established in the Policy of Approval of Operations with related parties, connected counterparties and related persons in order to ensure that such operations are granted under the conditions required by the applicable regulations and in a transparent manner.

The following table sets forth the members of the committee for the analysis of operations with related parties.

​

Name |  | Position
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini |  | Director, Chairman of the Committee
Julio Patricio Supervielle |  | Chairman of the Board and CEO
Sabrina Roiter | ​ | Chief Risk Officer (CRO)
Celeste Ibañez | ​ | Chief Legal & Compliance Officer
Other upon invitation | ​ | CEO of any subsidiary which operation is under committee’s analysis

​

​

Cybersecurity Committee

The main objectives of the Cybersecurity Committee are to evaluate and implement the policies that are proposed with regards to cybersecurity within the field of the Information Security, including the definitions of risk appetite and the risk map of information security. In addition, it must ensure compliance with these policies, including the contingency plans for cybersecurity events.

The following table sets forth the members of the cybersecurity committee.

​

Name |  | Position
Julio Patricio Supervielle |  | Chairman of the Board and CEO, Chairman of the Committee
Atilio Dell’Oro Maini |  | Director
Gustavo Alejandro Manriquez |  | Director, CEO of Banco Supervielle
Sergio Mazzitello |  | Chief Product & Information Officer
Sabrina Roiter |  | Chief Risk Officer (CRO)
Sergio Landro |  | Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)
Others from management team |  | CIOs of Grupo Supervielle’s subsidiaries

​

Sergio Landro has been Chief Information Security Officer of Grupo Supervielle since October 2022. Sergio is responsible for the definition and management of the strategic information security plan for all the companies of Grupo Supervielle. Previously he held the positions of Director of Information Security for LATAM, at FirstData, a multinational company dedicated to processing means of payment and Director of Systems Audit at PricewaterhouseCoopers. With more than 33 years of experience in the field of information security, Mr. Landro holds a degree in computer science from the Universidad Argentina de la Empresa. His professional career focuses on financial and service entities through the creation and implementation of appropriate methodologies and frameworks that allow balancing business agility with information protection. He is focused on aspects such as IT risk management, innovation and contributions to the business, optimization of investments in security, and the reduction to an acceptable maximum of losses due to security incidents.

198

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Committees Reporting to Banco Supervielle’s Board of Directors

In accordance with Central Bank regulations, the Bank has several Board committees: the Audit Committee (Central Bank regulations on “Minimum Standards for Internal Controls,” as amended), the Technology and Information Security Governance Committee (Central Bank regulations on “Minimum Requirements for the Management and Control of Technology and Information Security Risks,” as amended), the Committee on Control and Prevention of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (Communications “A” 6709, as amended), and the Senior Credit Committee. In addition, the Bank also has a Risk Management Committee. Each of the Bank’s Board committees has its own internal charter. Each committee must report to the Board on a periodical basis and submit an annual report. According to the size, complexity, economic importance and risk profile of the financial institution and the economic group in question, it is recommended that other specialized committees be established, with a clear definition and disclosure of their mandates, composition (including members considered independent) and working procedures, such as a Personnel Incentives Committee, responsible for overseeing that the system of economic incentives to personnel is consistent with the culture, objectives, long-term business, strategy and control environment of the entity, as formulated in the relevant policy, a Corporate Governance Committee, which evaluates the management of the Board of Directors and the renewal and replacement of senior management or Ethics and Compliance Committee, to ensure that the entity has adequate means to promote appropriate decision making and compliance with internal and external regulations, among others.

Audit Committee

The audit committee is formed by at least two members of the Bank’s Board of Directors and its internal audit manager. The Board of Directors appoints the members of the audit committee for a term of two or three years. The CEO is invited to attend the meetings.

The audit committee is responsible for assisting the Board of Directors in the supervision of the consolidated financial statements, controlling compliance with policies, processes, procedures and rules set forth for each of the Bank’s business areas and for evaluating and approving the corrective measures proposed by the internal audit area.

The following table sets forth the members of the audit committee:

​

| ​ |
Name |  | Position
Patricia Furlong | ​ | Director, Chairman of the Committee
Alejandra Naughton | ​ | Director
Sergio Vazquez | ​ | Chief Audit Executive Officer, Secretary of the Committee

​

Technology and Information Security Governance Committee

The Technology and Information Security Governance Committee is formed by at least one Director appointed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Technology Officer, the CEO, the CRO, the Head of Technology Infrastructure and Operations IT, the Chief Product Officer, Head Product Channels, the Head of Strategy, Architecture and Data, and the Head of IT Governance.

The Technology and Information Security Governance Committee is responsible, among other things, for the following activities: (i) controlling the adequate operation of the IT environment; (ii) contributing to the effectiveness of the IT environment; (iii) considering the IT plan and submitting it for the approval of the Board of Directors; (iv) taking notice of the IT and plan and reviewing it; (v) periodically evaluating such plan and the level of compliance with it; (vi) reviewing audit reports related to IT and the relevant action plans to overcome any issues or weaknesses arisen from them; (vii) maintaining an adequate dialogue with the external auditing division of the Superintendency; (viii) taking knowledge and comply with of all applicable regulation of the Central Bank and other regulatory bodies; (ix) taking knowledge and approving the resources for the management of the systems contingency plan; (x) taking knowledge of the new projects within the committee’s competence and managing the priorities of each of them; (xi) taking knowledge of deviations in relation to the projects assigned to the IT team; (xii) overseeing the financial budget of IT; and (xiii) approving policies, standards, and any procedure related to IT.

The following table sets forth the members of the Technology and Information Security Governance Committee.

​

| ​ |
Name |  | Position

199

Patricia Furlong | ​ | Director, Chairman of the Committee
Julio Patricio Supervielle | ​ | Director
Sergio Mazzitello | ​ | Chief Product & Information Officer, member and Secretary of the Committee
Gustavo Alejandro Manriquez | ​ | CEO
Sabrina Roiter | ​ | CRO
Other members of management team: | ​ | Head of Technology Infrastructure and Operations IT
| ​ | Chief Product Officer
| ​ | Head of Strategy, architecture and Data
| ​ | Head of IT Governance Head Product Channels

​

Committee on the Control and Prevention of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism

The committee on the control and prevention of money laundering and financing of terrorism is formed by at least two directors (one of whom will chair the committee and will act as Corporate Compliance Officer with the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) and another that will act as Alternate Compliance Officer with the Financial Intelligence Unit) and the Head of AML, who will act as Secretary. The Board of Directors appoints the members of the control and prevention of money laundering and financing of terrorism committee for a minimum term of two years and a maximum of three years.

The committee on the control and prevention of money laundering and financing of terrorism has to: (i) consider the Bank’s general strategies and policies in the area of money laundering prevention designed by the Senior Management and submit them for Board of Directors’ approval; (ii) approve the internal procedures necessary to ensure effectiveness and compliance with the regulations and policies in force, promote their implementation and control their performance; (iii) take knowledge of the amendment to applicable regulations and ensure that the updates of internal policies and procedures manuals are timely carried out; (iv) ensure the adoption of a formal and permanent and up-to-date training program for the personnel; (v) have an understanding in the consideration and survey of the best market practices related to the prevention of money laundering and financing of terrorism and promote their application in the Bank; (vi) analyze the reports of unusual operations raised by the AML Department or any other Bank officer and, subject to legal advise, arrange for their report with the relevant authorities; (vii) take knowledge of and promote compliance with the corrective measures that have arisen as a result of the external and internal audit reports related to the prevention of money laundering and terrorism financing; (viii) appoint the Head of Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing with the concurrence of the Board of Directors; (ix) inform the control authorities about the removal or resignation of the Corporate Compliance Officer before the FIU within 15 business days of the occurrence, stating the relevant causes of such removal or resignation; (x) coordinate with Internal Audit for the periodic implementation of external audits carried out by recognized firms specialized in the field; (xi) ensure due compliance with the reporting duties to the competent authorities; and (xii) carry out all those functions as may be established by the Central Bank and the FIU from time to time.

The following table sets forth the members of the committee on control and prevention of money laundering and financing of terrorism:

​

| ​ |
Name |  | Position
Alejandra Naughton | ​ | Director, Chairman of the Committee and Corporate Compliance Officer with the FIU
Javier Conigliaro | ​ | Director and Alternate Compliance Officer with the FIU
Alejandra Commidari | ​ | AML Manager - Secretary

​

Risk Management Committee

The Risk Management Committee sets forth policies and limits to financial risks (including market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, exchange risk and other risks) and submits to the Board of Directors the appropriate proposals. Furthermore, this committee supervises the degree of correlation between the risks assumed and the risk profile set forth by the Board of Directors, and analyzes and approves investment and funding policies.

The following table sets forth the members of the Risk Management Committee:

​

​ | ​ | ​
Name |  | Position

200

Julio Patricio Supervielle | ​ | Chairman of the Board, Chairman of the Committee
Gustavo Alejandro Manriquez | ​ | CEO
Alejandra Gladis Naughton | ​ | Director
Sabrina Roiter | ​ | CRO– Secretary

​

Senior Credit Committee

The Bank’s credit committee is formed by the Chairman of the Board, the CEO, the Deputy CEO, the Chief Risk Officer, the Chief Treasury and Global Markets Officer, the Chief Corporate Banking Officer, the Chief Consumer Banking Officer, the Credit Officer for Corporate Banking and Financial Institutions and the Credit Officer for SMEs.

Other Committees

The Bank has other management committees, such as the Assets and Liabilities Committee and the Operational and Reputational Risk Committee.

Incentive-based Plan for Senior Management and Directors

In 2022, we established a long-term plan (the “Long-Term Incentive Plan”) for certain senior executives of our banking business unit in order to achieve the objectives established in the framework of our strategic pillars which relate to efficiency, digital adoption, customer experience, funding, customer acquisition, and asset quality. This incentive plan consisted of a retirement insurance policy and sets forth certain objectives to be achieved during 2022, 2023 and 2024. In March 2022, IOL Holding, IOL Agente de Valores and IOL invertironline approved a long-term incentive plan (the “IOL Long-Term Incentive Plan”) for certain senior management and employees. The Long-Term Incentive Plan and the IOL Long-Term Incentive Plan are no longer in force.

In May 2024, IOL invertironline approved a stock option plan to motivate and retain employees with significant and outstanding contributions, aligning their interests with the company’s long-term success and growth. This stock option plan allows selected employees to purchase shares of IOL Holding, which is the parent company of IOL invertironline, at a predetermined price during a specific period. This stock option plan, which aims not only to reward individual performance but also to foster a culture of excellence, innovation, and long-term ownership, was approved by the shareholders’ meeting of IOL Holding and IOL invertironline on May 28, 2024 and May 29, 2024, respectively.

Employees

As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we had 3,456, 3,663 and 3,814 employees, including permanent and temporary employees, respectively.

At the holding company we had 4 employees as of each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

Banking business employees.

As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Bank had 3,024, 3,196 and 3,334 employees, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, 70.2% of the Bank’s employees were members of a national union in which membership is optional. The Bank has not experienced any significant conflicts with this union.

All management positions in the Bank are held by non-union employees. As of December 31, 2024, the Bank’s employees were under collective bargaining agreement No. 18/75, which regulates labor contracts of financial entities, while the Bank’s managers were covered by general contractual labor laws. However, senior management, as is the case for all other banks in Argentina, is not under a union’s supervision with respect to remuneration and other labor conditions and follows the applicable regulation in this respect.

The Bank currently does not maintain any pension or retirement program for its employees. In order to incentivize the performance of its employees, the Bank implemented several incentive payment plans for its employees linked to performance and results.

201

Insurance Segment employees

| · | As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, Supervielle Seguros had 125, 120 and 135 employees, respectively. At December 31, 2024, 94% of its employees were under the collective bargaining agreement No. 264/95 Convenio Colectivo de Empleados de Seguros y Reaseguros, and 11.2% of its employees were union members from the Sindicato del Seguro de la República Argentina.

| · | As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros had 32, 34 and 25 employees, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, all of its employees were under the collective bargaining agreement.

InvertirOnline S.A.U. and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. employees:

| · | As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, InvertirOnline S.A.U. and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. had 158, 169 and 132 employees, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, none of these employees were under the collective bargaining agreement Convenio Colectivo de Empleados de Comercio No.130/75 (Convenio de Comercio). Employees of InvertirOnline S.A.U. and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. are not unionized and are covered only by general contractual labor laws.

Supervielle Asset Management employees:

| · | As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, SAM had 12, 12 and 11 employees, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, employees of SAM are not unionized and are covered only by general contractual labor laws. SAM currently does not maintain any pension or retirement program for its employees. SAM incentivizes employee performance through several incentive payment plans linked to performance and results.

Supervielle Agente de Negociación employees:

| · | As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, Supervielle Agente de Negociación had 3, 3 and 2 employees. Employees of Supervielle Agente de Negociación are not unionized and are subject only to the applicable labor laws.

Espacio Cordial employees:

As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, Espacio Cordial had 66, 91 and 100 employees, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, 100% of Espacio Cordial’s employees were under the collective bargaining agreement No. 18/75, which regulates labor contracts of financial entities, including the Bank’s.

MILA employees:

As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, MILA had 36, 34 and 38 employees, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, 50% of MILA’s employees were under the collective bargaining agreement Convenio Colectivo de Empleados de Comercio No.130/75 (Convenio de Comercio). The remaining 50% of employees were covered by general contractual labor laws.

Compensation

Labor relations in Argentina are governed by specific legislation, such as labor Law No. 20,744 and Collective Bargaining Law No. 14,250, which, among other things, dictate how salary and other labor negotiations are to be conducted. Every industrial or commercial activity is regulated by a specific collective bargaining agreement that groups together companies according to industry sectors and by trade unions. While the process of negotiation is standardized, each chamber of industrial or commercial activity negotiates the increases of salaries and labor benefits with the relevant trade union of such commercial or industrial activity. In the banking sector, salaries are established on an annual basis through negotiations between the chambers that represent the banks and the banking employees’ trade union. The Secretary of Labor, Employment, and Social Security (Ministry of Human Capital) mediates between the parties and ultimately approves the annual salary increase to be applied in the banking activity. Parties are bound by the final decision once it is approved by the labor authority and must observe the established salary increases for all employees that are represented by the banking union and to whom the collective bargaining agreement applies.

202

Typically, negotiations took place during the first half of the year. But in recent years, with very high and increasing inflation throughout the year, negotiation periods have been shortened and even include monthly provisions for reopening the agreement to increase salaries following inflation.

In addition, each company is entitled, regardless of union-negotiated mandatory salary increases, to give its employees additional merit increases or variable compensation schemes.

​

Disclosure of Registrant’s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation

​

Not applicable.

​

Item 7.Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

Item 7.AMajor Shareholders

As of April 21, 2025, we had 456,722,322 outstanding shares of common stock (including shares held by the Company’s treasury), consisting of 61,738,188 Class A shares and 394,984,134 Class B shares, all with a par value of Ps.1.00 per share. Each share of our common stock represents the same economic interests, except that holders of our Class A shares are entitled to five votes per share and holders of our Class B shares are entitled to one vote per share. As of March 31, 2025, we had approximately 69,100 holders of record of our shares.

The table below sets forth information concerning the ownership of our Class A and Class B shares as of March 31, 2025 including shares held by the Company’s treasury, which amounted to 18,991,157 as of March 31, 2025. Calculations of the outstanding voting power and the outstanding capital stock are based on 61,738,188 Class A shares and 394,984,134 Class B shares, although we do not have voting rights in connection with the shares held by the Company’s treasury, see “Item 16.E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.” We are not aware of any other shareholder or holder of ADSs that beneficially owns 5.0% or more of any voting class of our securities.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percentage | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | Class A Shares 5 | ​ | Class B Shares 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | of Capital | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percentage | ​
Shareholder Name |  | Votes |  | Vote |  | Total Shares |  | Stock |  | Total Votes |  | of Votes | ​
Julio Patricio Supervielle | ​ | 61,738,188 | ​ | 50,621,278 | (1)​ | 112,359,466 | ​ | 24.601264 | % | 359,312,218 | ​ | 51.06223 | %
Fideicomiso en garantía Supervielle | ​ | ​ | ​ | 49,492,485 | (2)​ | 49,492,485 | ​ | 10.836450 | % | 49,492,485 | ​ | 7.03343 | %
Other | ​ | — | ​ | 294,870,371 | ​ | 294,870,371 | ​ | 64.562286 | % | 294,870,371 | ​ | 41.90434 | %
Total: |  | 61,738,188 |  | 394,984,134 |  | 456,722,322 |  | 100.00 | % | 703,675,074 |  | 100.000 | %

(1) | Includes: (i) 178,278 Class B shares of common stock of Grupo Supervielle, par value Ps.1.00 per share, and (ii) 50,443,000 Class B shares of Grupo Supervielle represented by 10,088,600 ADSs.

(2) | Includes: (i) 19,085,485 Class B shares of common stock of Grupo Supervielle, par value Ps.1.00 per share, and (ii) 30,407,000 Class B shares of Grupo Supervielle represented by 6,081,400 ADSs.

As of December 31, 2024, we have identified 59 record holders of our ADSs (each representing the right to receive five Class B shares) in the United States, and five of our Class B shares in the United States. As of the same date, the record holders of our ADSs located in the United States held in the aggregate approximately 9,542,935 million of our ADSs, representing approximately 22.0% of our ADSs and 12.1% of our Class B shares.

Based on the Schedule 13G filed by Matías Jules Bernard Supervielle, Jacques Patrick Supervielle and Natasha Pilar Laurencia Supervielle with the SEC on July 5, 2024 and the Form 144 filed by Jacques Patrick Supervielle with the SEC on August 22, 2024, Matías Jules Bernard Supervielle beneficially owns 16,497,495 Class B Shares, consisting of (i) 6,361,830 Class B Shares and 10,135,665 Class B Shares represented by 2,027,133 ADSs, Jacques Patrick Supervielle beneficially owns 16,497,495 Class B Shares, consisting of (i) 6,361,825 Class B Shares and 10,135,670 Class B Shares represented by 2,027,134 ADSs, and Natasha Pilar Laurencia Supervielle beneficially owns 16,497,495 Class B Shares, consisting of (i) 6,361,830 Class B Shares and 10,135,665 Class B Shares represented by 2,027,133 ADSs. These shares were previously gifted from Julio Patricio Supervielle.

203

Matías Jules Bernard Supervielle, Jacques Patrick Supervielle and Natasha Pilar Laurencia Supervielle are parties to a Stockholder Agreement (the “Stockholder Agreement”), which contains, among other things, certain provisions relating to transfer of, and coordination of the voting of, securities of the Group by the parties thereto. By virtue of the Stockholder Agreement and the obligations and rights thereunder, Matías Jules Bernard Supervielle, Jacques Patrick Supervielle and Natasha Pilar Laurencia Supervielle may be deemed a “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Share Ownership of Banco Supervielle S.A.

As of April 21, 2025, the Bank had 834,347,791 outstanding shares of common stock, consisting of 930,371 Class A shares and 833,417,420 Class B shares, all with a par value of Ps.1.00 per share. Each share of the Bank’s common stock represents the same economic interests, except that holders of its Class A shares are entitled to five votes per share and holders of Class B shares are entitled to one vote per share.

The following table sets forth information regarding the ownership of the Bank’s Class A and Class B shares as of April 21, 2025:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Class A | ​ | Class B | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percentage of | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percentage of | ​
Shareholder Name |  | Shares 5 votes |  | Shares 1 Vote |  | Total Shares |  | Capital Stock |  | Total Votes |  | Votes | ​
Grupo Supervielle S.A. | ​ | 830,698 | ​ | 809,486,229 | ​ | 810,316,927 | ​ | 97.120 | % | 813,639,719 | ​ | 97.085 | %
Sofital S.A.U.F.e.I.(1) | ​ | 49,667 | ​ | 23,131,588 | ​ | 23,181,255 | ​ | 2.7784 | % | 23,379,923 | ​ | 2.790 | %
Other Shareholders |  | 50,006 |  | 799,603 |  | 849,609 |  | 0.1018 | % | 1,049,633 |  | 0.125 | %
Total: |  | 930,371 |  | 833,417,420 |  | 834,347,791 |  | 100.0000 | % | 838,069,275 |  | 100.0000 | %

(1) | Sofital is a corporation organized under the laws of Argentina of which Grupo Supervielle owns 100 %.

​

Item 7.BRelated Party Transactions

Other than as set forth below, we are not a party to any material transactions with, and have not made any loans to any (i) enterprises that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, control or are controlled by us; (ii) associates (i.e., an unconsolidated enterprise in which we have a significant influence or which has significant influence over us); (iii) individuals owning, directly or indirectly, an interest in our voting power that gives them significant influence over us, as applicable, and close members of any such individual’s family (i.e., those family members that may be expected to influence, or be influenced by, that person in their dealings with us, as applicable); (iv) key management personnel (i.e., persons that have authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling our activities, including directors and senior management of companies and close members of such individual’s family); or (v) enterprises in which a substantial interest is owned, directly or indirectly, by any person described in (iii) or (iv) over which such a person is able to exercise significant influence nor are there any proposed transactions with such persons. For purposes of this paragraph, this includes enterprises owned by our directors or major shareholders that have a member of key management in common with us, as applicable. In addition, “significant influence” means the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the enterprise, but means less than control. Shareholders beneficially owning a 10% interest in our voting power are presumed to have a significant influence on us.

Management Services

To the extent that there are no conflicts of interest, we lend management services to our subsidiaries, the Bank, SAM, Sofital, and Espacio Cordial. We also lended management services to IUDÚ and Tarjeta until their merge into the Bank. Our services include: financial and commercial advisory services, fiscal planning and optimization, defining auditing policies, developing and evaluating upper management, elaborating annual budgets, planning and developing complementary activities and defining the mission of related companies and policies related to social responsibility. These services are provided pursuant to agreements that provide that our subsidiaries will indemnify us for any claim, damage, liability, tax, cost and expense incurred or suffered by us in connection with financial transactions in which such subsidiaries were engaged. The management’s fees are equal to the ordinary and extraordinary costs incurred plus a mark-up of 20% plus 21% VAT. If the services to be provided are of an extraordinary nature, we have the right to additional compensation, the amount of which shall be determined in each case.

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The following table sets forth information regarding fees received from our subsidiaries and related parties for our management services for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Grupo Supervielle S.A.
​ | ​ | Year ended December 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos, plus VAT)
Bank |  | 1,632,951 |  | 1,611,808
SAM |  | 25,728 |  | 21,868
Sofital |  | 2,618 |  | 2,223
Espacio Cordial |  | 15,392 |  | 13,079
Total |  | 1,676,689 |  | 1,648,978

​

Capital Contribution

On January 28, 2022, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank made capital contributions of Ps.25,000,000 and Ps. 475,000,000, respectively, to IUDÚ, as a result of which Grupo Supervielle and the Bank subscribed 1,762,666 and 33,490,657 book-entry ordinary shares of IUDÚ, respectively, which have a par value of Ps.1 per share and confer the right to one vote per share.

On February 25, 2022, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank made capital contributions of Ps.12,500,000 and Ps.237,500,000, respectively, to IUDÚ, as a result of which Grupo Supervielle and the Bank subscribed and 18,347,111 book-entry ordinary shares of IUDÚ, respectively, which have a par value of Ps.1 per share and confer the right to one vote per share.

On March 30, 2022, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank approved capital contributions of Ps.62,500,000 and Ps.1,187,500,000, respectively, to IUDÚ to be allocated to working capital. On the same date, IUDÚ approved a capital contribution of Ps.150,000,000 to Tarjeta to be allocated to working capital.

On June 27, 2022, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank made capital contributions to IUDÚ of Ps.50 million and Ps. 950 million, respectively, to be allocated to working capital. On the same date, IUDÚ approved a capital contribution of Ps. 250 million to Tarjeta to be allocated to working capital.

On July 8, 2022, Grupo Supervielle approved a capital contribution of U.S.$200,000 or its equivalent in Uruguayan Pesos to its subsidiary IOL Holding to be applied to working capital and investments.

On August 16, 2022, Grupo Supervielle approved a capital contribution of Ps.70,165,000 or its equivalent in Pesos to its subsidiary IOL invertironline to be applied to working capital and investments.

On August 30, 2022, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank made capital contributions to IUDÚ of Ps.37.5 million and Ps. 712.5 million, respectively, to be allocated to working capital.

On September 28, 2022, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank made capital contributions to IUDÚ of Ps.12.5 million and Ps. 237.5 million, respectively, to be allocated to working capital.

On November 30, 2022, Grupo Supervielle and the Bank made capital contributions to IUDÚ of Ps. 110 million and Ps. 2.1 billion, respectively, mainly to cancel IUDÚ’s financial obligations with the Bank.

On February 23, 2023, the Bank made a capital contribution to Bolsillo Digital of Ps. 100 million. On the same date, the Bank made a capital contribution to Modo of Ps. 92.4 million.

On June 28, 2023, the Bank made a capital contribution to Bolsillo Digital of Ps. 75 million.

On March 26, 2024, the Bank made a capital contribution to Play Digital S.A. in the amount of Ps. 102,748,121,59.

On 31 May 2024, the Bank made a capital contribution to Bolsillo Digital S.A.U. for the sum of Ps. 10,000,000 in cash which were effectively integrated in June.

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On May 15, 2024, Grupo Supervielle made a capital contribution to IOL Holding, for U.S.$ 7,659,200 in cash.

Capital Reduction

On July 28, 2023, in accordance with the resolution adopted in the minutes of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Micro Lending S.A.U., it was resolved to voluntarily reduce the share capital of Micro Lending S.A.U. by up to the amount of 111,756,079 shares along with its corresponding proportion from the capital adjustment account by the amount of 288,243,921 shares.

Merge by absorption

On December 1, 2023, the Central Bank approved the merger of IUDÚ and Tarjeta into the Bank, and therefore IUDÚ and Tarjeta were merged into the Bank, effective January 2023. These mergers allowed us to simplify the Group’s corporate structure and complete the Group’s corporate integration plans which began in September 2022. As a result, Grupo Supervielle S.A. received 4,783,920 class B shares of Banco Supervielle S.A. with 4,422,016 shares corresponding to an exchange ratio of 0.09497225 per IUDÚ and 361,904 shares corresponding to an exchange ratio of 0.03375751 per Tarjeta.

Transfer of shares

On June 30, 2021, Grupo Supervielle transferred its 41,747,121 common shares of Modo to its subsidiary Banco Supervielle S.A. These shares have a par value of Ps.1 and Banco Supervielle S.A. is entitled to 1 vote for each share.

On August 5, 2021, Grupo Supervielle transferred its shares of Bolsillo Digital, which amount to Ps.112,886,316.43 to its subsidiary Banco Supervielle S.A. as part of Grupo Supervielle’s commercial strategy for its payment services business.

On March 4, 2024, Grupo Supervielle made an offer to Espacio Cordial for the purchase of all the shares that Espacio Cordial owns in Sofital S.A.U.F. and I., totaling 689,238 ordinary shares, non-transferable and with a nominal value of one Peso, each with one vote per share, representing 3.20% of the total shares of Sofital S.A.U.F. and I.

On May 13, 2024, Grupo Supervielle transferred the 100% of its the shares in Invertir Online S.A.U. and Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. from IOL Holding. On May 15, 2024, Grupo Supervielle made a capital contribution to IOL Holding, for US$7,659,200 in cash. In turn, the Shareholders meeting of IOL Holding approved the capitalization of the liabilities arising from the aforementioned sale.

Operator Services Agreement with the Bank

In March 2016, we entered into an agreement with the Bank pursuant to which the Bank will provide accounting, administrative, legal and treasury services to us. The Bank’s services include, among others: accounting records of transactions and preparation of financial statements, management of institutional relations, structuring and management of funding instruments, liquidity investment operations management, maintenance of our corporate records, management of compliance with disclosure requirements, registration of corporate acts and compliance with information requirements. Pursuant to this agreement, we paid to the Bank in 2024 a total amount of Ps.1,633.0 million. The term of the agreement is one year and may be renewed automatically at maturity for equal and successive periods. This agreement is renewed automatically and it is in force as of the date of this annual report.

Trademark Licenses

In 2013, we signed agreements with Espacio Cordial and IUDÚ granting them licenses to use certain of our trademarks (including our trademarks for “Cordial,” “Carta App” and “Tienda Supervielle.” We granted these trademark licenses to these subsidiaries to enhance the marketing of certain their products and services related to insurance, health, tourism, credit cards and loans, among others. As a result of the merge between IUDÚ and the Bank, the agreement entered into with IUDÚ was terminated at the beginning of 2023.

Financial Loans

Some of our directors and the directors of the Bank have been involved in certain credit transactions with the Bank as permitted by Argentine law. The Argentine General Corporations Law and the Central Bank’s regulations allow directors of a limited liability

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company to enter into a transaction with such company if such transaction follows prevailing market conditions. Additionally, a bank’s total financial exposure to related individuals or legal entities is subject to the regulations of the Central Bank. Such regulations set limits on the amount of financial exposure that can be extended by a bank to affiliates based on, among other things, a percentage of a bank’s RPC.

The Bank is required by the Central Bank to present to its Board of Directors, on a monthly basis, the outstanding amounts of financial assistance granted to directors, controlling shareholders, officers and other related entities, which are transcribed in the minute books of the Board of Directors. The Central Bank establishes that the financial assistance to directors, controlling shareholders, officers and other related entities must be granted on an equal basis with respect to rates, tenor and guarantees as loans granted to the general public.

The financial assistance granted to our directors, officers and related parties by the Bank was granted in the ordinary course of business, on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other non-related parties, and did not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features.

The following table presents the aggregate amounts of total consolidated financial exposure of the Bank to related parties, the number of recipients, the average amounts as of the end of the periods indicated and the single largest exposures during the reporting period:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos,except
​ |  | number of recipients)
Aggregate total financial exposure |  | 5,161,033 |  | 3,872,205
Number of recipient related parties |  | 79 |  | 80
(a) individuals |  | 67 |  | 68
(b) companies |  | 12 |  | 12
Average total financial exposure |  | 65,330 |  | 48,402
Single largest exposure during the period |  | 2,238,987 |  | 3,020,806

​

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Item 7.CInterests of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable.

Item 8.Financial Information

Item 8.AConsolidated Statements and Other Financial Information.

See Item 8 and our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

Legal Proceedings

As of the date of this annual report, we are not a party to any legal or administrative proceedings which outcome is likely to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

The Bank is party to collection proceedings and other legal or administrative actions initiated in the normal course of their businesses, including certain class actions initiated against a number of banks and financial companies, including us, by public and private organizations. The class action lawsuits involving the Bank are related to certain allegations of overcharging on life insurance premium on outstanding balance, interest rates on credit products and administrative charges, fees on the sale price of foreign currency, administrative charges on savings accounts, consumer loans and credit cards, inadequacy of the contingency risk charge on checking accounts, as well as debits of fees or charges from savings accounts and/or credit cards of customers or former customers, among others. These types of class actions were brought against every financial entity in Argentina. Some of these lawsuits have been settled by the parties . These settlements have typically involved an undertaking by the financial institution to adjust the fees and charges.

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In 2021, an additional class action was brought against InvertirOnline S.A.U. in relation to an alleged use by InvertirOnline S.A.U. of liquid funds of its clients without requesting their prior consent or making yields resulting from such operations available to such clients.

Supervielle Seguros S.A. has been summoned as a third party in a legal proceeding related to life insurance. The outcomes of these proceedings are not likely to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

As of the date of this annual report, our other subsidiaries are not party to any other class action.

Dividends

In accordance with the Argentine General Corporations Law, our bylaws and CNV regulations, we may make one or more declarations of dividends with respect to any year, including anticipated dividends, out of our distributable net income (ganancias líquidas y realizadas) as reflected in our consolidated balance sheet, or consolidated special interim balance sheet in case of anticipated dividends.

Declaration and payment of dividends to all holders of each class of our shares (Class A, Class B shares and preferred shares (to the extent any such shares are outstanding)), to the extent funds are legally available, is determined by all of our shareholders with voting rights (i.e., our Class A and Class B shareholders) at the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting. At such annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting, our Class A shares will be entitled to five votes each and our Class B shares will be entitled to one vote each. It is the responsibility of our Board of Directors to make a recommendation to our shareholders with respect to the amount of dividends to be distributed. The Board of Directors’ recommendation will depend on a number of factors, including our operating results, cash flow, financial condition, capital position, legal requirements, contractual and regulatory requirements, and investment and acquisition opportunities. As a general rule, the Board of Directors will favor efficient use of capital in its recommendation-making process. Thus, the Board will recommend reinvesting earnings when there are investment opportunities, or it will recommend distributing dividends when there is excess capital.

However, shareholders are ultimately entitled to overrule the recommendation of the Board of Directors through the affirmative vote of the absolute majority of the present votes at an ordinary shareholders’ meeting.

The Board of Directors may also decide and pay anticipated dividends. In such instance, each individual director and member of the Supervisory Committee will be jointly and severally liable for the payment of such dividends if our retained earnings for the year for which such dividends were paid is insufficient to cover the payment of such dividends.

Dividends are distributed on a pro rata basis according to the number of ordinary shares held by the shareholder. All shares of our capital stock rank pari passu with respect to the payment of dividends, regardless of class. Under CNV regulations, cash dividends must be paid to the shareholders within 30 days of their approval. In the case of stock dividend payments, or a combination of stock and cash dividends, the shares and cash must be made available to shareholders within a period not exceeding three months from the notification of the public offering authorization. The right of shareholders to demand payment of dividends shall toll three years after the date on which we first make them available to shareholders. Any dividends that are not claimed during this period are deemed extraordinary gains by us.

In accordance with Argentine law, our bylaws and CNV regulations, we are required to allocate to our legal reserve 5% of our yearly income, plus or minus the results of prior years, until our legal reserve equals 20% of our adjusted capital stock. Under the Argentine General Corporations Law and our bylaws, our yearly net income (as adjusted to reflect changes in prior results) is allocated in the following order: (i) to comply with the legal reserve requirement; (ii) to pay dividends on preferred stock, which shall be applied first to pending and unpaid accumulated dividends; and (iii) the remainder of the net income for the year may be distributed as additional dividends on preferred stock, if any, or as dividends on common stock, or may be used for voluntary or contingent reserves, or as otherwise decided by our shareholders at the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting.

Holders of ADSs will be entitled to receive any dividends payable in respect of our underlying Class B shares. Exchange controls currently in place impair the conversion of dividends, distributions, or the proceeds from any sale of Class B shares, as the case may be, from Pesos into U.S. dollars and the remittance of the U.S. dollars abroad, therefore restricting the ability of foreign shareholders holders of ADSs to receive dividends in U.S. dollars abroad. In particular, with respect to the proceeds of any sale of Class B shares underlying the ADSs, as of the date of this annual report, the conversion from Pesos into U.S. dollars and the remittance of such U.S.

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dollars abroad is subject to prior Central Bank approval (as described below), although access to the Foreign Exchange Market to pay dividends to non-resident shareholders may be granted, subject to certain conditions. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Liquidity and Solvency Requirements—Requirements Applicable to Dividend Distribution.” The ADS deposit agreement provides that the Depositary will convert cash dividends received by the ADS depositary in Pesos to U.S. dollars: if so permitted by, and subject to the limits set forth in, applicable foreign exchange regulations in place at such time and, after deduction or upon payment of fees and expenses of the ADS depositary and deduction of other amounts permitted to be deducted from such cash payments in accordance with the ADS deposit agreement (such as for unpaid taxes by the ADS holders in connection with personal asset taxes or otherwise), will make payment to holders of the ADSs in U.S. dollars. If dividend payments cannot be made in U.S. dollars outside of Argentina, the transfer outside of Argentina of any funds collected by foreign shareholders in Pesos in Argentina may be subject to certain restrictions. See “Item 10.D. Exchange Controls” and “Item 3.D. Risk Factors.”

In accordance with the provisions of Title IV, Chapter III, Section 3, Subsection 1(b) of the Regulations of the CNV (Restated Text 2013), we have made use of the option to absorb the accumulated negative results that were generated as a consequence of the inflation adjustment by application of the IAS 29, subject to the ratification of the general shareholders’ meeting.

Our annual ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting and board of directors meeting dated April 19, 2024 resolved to release the voluntary reserve for dividends distribution, and in accordance with the provisions of General Resolution No. 777/18 (as amended) of the CNV, a cash dividend of Ps.19,469,438,271.64 was paid to our shareholders on April 29, 2024, or on such later date as may be determined by the applicable regulations of the jurisdiction where our shares are listed. The amount of dividends distributed was equivalent to (i) 4.403636498030% of the Company’s capital (excluding shares held by the Company’s treasury) as of the dividend payment date, (ii) Ps.44.03636498030 for each outstanding share, and (iii) Ps.220.18182490152 for each ADS.

The dividends distributed were originated from profits from the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and, therefore, were subject to withholding of 7% according to the provisions of the Argentine Income Tax Law, ordered text Decree No. 824/2019. Dividends paid subject to the withholding, in the relevant cases, of the amounts paid for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 by the Company in its capacity as Substitute Person Responsible for the Personal Assets Tax, in the case of those shareholders that are subject to that tax, pursuant to the terms of the last paragraph of the provisions incorporated pursuant to Law No. 25,585 following section 25 of Law No. 23,966. For more information on current exchange controls applicable to the payment of dividends, see “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Class B Shares and the ADSs—Restrictions on transfers of foreign exchange and the repatriation of capital from Argentina may impair your ability to receive dividends and distributions on, and the proceeds for any sale of, the Class B shares underlying the ADSs.”

We are a holding company, and in addition to certain management fees we collect from some of our subsidiaries, our main source of cash to pay dividends are the dividends we receive from our subsidiaries. We therefore depend on the results of operations, cash flow and distributable income of our operating subsidiaries.

We and our subsidiaries are subject to contractual, legal and regulatory requirements affecting our ability to pay dividends.

Pursuant to Central Bank regulations on “Results Distributions,” financial entities must obtain prior approval of the Central Bank in order to distribute dividends. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Liquidity and Solvency Requirements—Requirements Applicable to Dividend Distribution.”

Although distribution of dividends by the Bank has been authorized by the Central Bank at times, no assurance can be given that in the future the Central Bank will not limit the Bank’s ability to distribute dividends approved by its shareholders at the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting or that such authorization will be for the full amount of dividends that the Bank may distribute pursuant to applicable regulation. Between 2021 and 2024, the Central Bank imposed restrictions on the distribution of dividends by financial institutions, limiting such distributions to predetermined percentages of accumulated profits and requiring payments to be made in multiple equal, monthly, and consecutive installments. These restrictions were implemented through successive regulatory measures, which gradually adjusted the permissible distribution thresholds and installment structures.

Through Communication “A” 7984 dated March 21, 2024, the Central Bank established that, until December 31, 2024, financial institutions could distribute profits in six equal, monthly, and consecutive installments, increasing the maximum distributable amount to 60% of what would have applied under Central Bank Rules applicable to dividend distributions. Additionally, under this provision, such distribution had to align with the information reported in the “Business Plan and Projections and Capital Self-Assessment Report” information regime. The calculation of the determination of the distributable income, the verification of liquidity and solvency, the

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additional capital margins, as well as the amount of the installments indicated, had to be made in the constant currency as on the date of the meeting that decided the distribution of dividends and the payment of each of the installments, as the case may be.

Financial institutions that decided to distribute profits under the provisions set forth in Communication “A” 7984 could do so in three equal, monthly, and consecutive installments, up to the amount permitted under the aforementioned communication. Financial institutions had to offer each non-resident shareholder the option to receive their dividends—either in full or in part—in a single cash installment, provided that these funds were directly applied to the primary subscription of Bonds for the Reconstruction of a Free Argentina (“BOPREAL”) in accordance with the applicable Foreign Exchange Regulations. The BOPREAL received by non-resident shareholders could not be transferred to foreign depositary institutions or sold with foreign currency settlement, either in Argentina or abroad, for a period of 30 and 60 calendar days from their primary subscription. During this period, two-thirds of the subscribed nominal value would be restricted for the first 30 days, and the remaining one-third for the following 30 days. Shareholders subscribing to these bonds had to expressly agree to and commit to this condition when opting for the arrangement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, these BOPREAL could be freely and fully used for other transactions, including as collateral for financing arrangements with financial institutions or in the capital markets.

Through Communication “A” 8214 dated March 13, 2025, the Central Bank established that, until December 31, 2025, financial institutions can distribute profits in ten equal, monthly, and consecutive installments (commencing on June 30, 2025, and no earlier than the penultimate business day of the subsequent months), for up to 60% of the amount that would have been due in accordance with said regulations. Such distribution of results must be consistent with the objectives of monetary stability and with the information provided in the Informative Regime, Business Plan and Projections, and Capital Self-Assessment Report.

We are required to pay personal assets tax corresponding to Argentine and foreign individuals and foreign entities for the holding of our shares at December 31 of each year. We pay this tax on behalf of our shareholders, whenever applicable, and are entitled, pursuant to the Personal Assets Tax Law, to seek reimbursement of such paid tax from the applicable shareholders in various ways, including by withholding dividends. See “Item 10.E. Taxation—Material Argentine Tax Considerations—Income Tax—Personal assets tax.”

In 2024 and 2023, we received the following dividend payments in cash from our subsidiaries, reported in the currency at the end of the reporting period, respectively: (i) Ps.9,895.9 million in 2024 and Ps.6,824.3 million in 2023from SAM, (ii) Ps.1,953.2 million in 2024 and Ps.3,440.2 million in 2023 from Supervielle Seguros, (iii) Ps.827.8 million in 2024 and Ps.460.5 million in 2023 from Sofital, (iv) Ps.593.9 million in 2023 from Supervielle Agente de Negociación, (v) Ps.1,420.9 million in 2024 and Ps.1,167.0 million in 2023 from MILA, (vi) Ps.6,932.9 million in 2024 from IOL invertironline, and (vii) Ps.1,067.6 million in 2024 from Supervielle Bróker. We did not receive dividend payments from the Bank or our other subsidiaries during 2024 and 2023.

Grupo Supervielle paid dividends to its shareholders in 2024 totaling approximately Ps. 27,962.6 million and did not pay dividends to its shareholders in 2023. As described in Note 24 to our audited consolidated financial statements we may pay dividends to the extent that we have distributable retained earnings and distributable reserves calculated in accordance with the rules of the Argentine Central Bank. Therefore, retained earnings included in our audited consolidated financial statements may not be wholly distributable.

Distribution of Earnings

On March 17, 2025, our Board of Directors proposed to the ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 19, 2024 to distribute retained earnings from the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, as follows: (i) Ps.6,248,885 thousand to Legal Reserve, (ii) Ps.93,733,282 thousand to Optional Reserve, and (iii) Ps. 24,995,542 thousand to reserves for the distribution of dividends.

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After the partial release of the voluntary reserves for the distribution of future dividends to be approved in the ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting to be held on April 22, 2025, as of the date of this annual report Grupo Supervielle’s net worth would be composed as follows:

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​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31,
​ | ​ | 2024
​ |  | (In thousands of Pesos)
Capital Stock | ​ | 437,731
Capital Adjustment | ​ | 59,149,131
Paid in Capital | ​ | 554,292,371
Own Shares in Portfolio | ​ | 18,991
Comprehensive Adjustment os Treasury Shares | ​ | 8,690,435
Cost of Own Shares in Portfolio | ​ | (21,167,430)
Legal Reserve |  | 18,515,403
Other Reserves |  | 174,734,817
Other Comprehensive Income |  | 2,939,451
Total shareholders’ equity attributable to the owners of the parent under the rules of the Argentine Central Bank |  | 797,610,900

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Item 8.BSignificant Changes

In addition to the information set forth in this section, additional information on significant changes can be found in “Item 3.D. Risk Factors” and in “Item 5.A. Operating Results.”

Item 9.The Offer and Listing

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Item 9.A Offer and Listing Details

The information set forth in Exhibit 2(d), “Description of Securities Registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act” is incorporated herein by reference.

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Item 9.BPlan of Distribution

Not applicable.

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Item 9.CMarkets

On May 18, 2016, we completed our IPO. Since May 19, 2016, our ADSs representing Class B shares have been trading on the NYSE under the symbol ‘SUPV.’ Our Class B shares are currently traded on the ByMA (formerly MERVAL and, ByMA since April 2017) and A3 Mercados (since May 2016) under the symbol ‘SUPV.’

On December 29, 2016, the CNV approved the constitution of ByMA as a new stock market, as a spin-off of certain assets of the MERVAL relating to its stock market operations and capital contributions by the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange. Following such authorization, and effective April 17, 2017, all securities listed on MERVAL have been automatically transferred to ByMA, as successor of MERVAL’s activities. Additionally, the delegation of powers granted by MERVAL to the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange will apply to ByMA, thus, the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange will continue to carry out the activities referred to in paragraphs b), f) and g) of Article 32 of the Argentine Capital Markets Law on behalf of ByMA, including the authorization, suspension and cancelling of the listing or trading of securities and acting as arbitration court of such market for all matters concerning listed companies’ relationship with shareholders and investors.

Item 9.DSelling Shareholders

Not applicable.

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Item 9.EDilution

Not applicable.

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Item 9.FExpenses of the Issue

Not applicable.

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Item 10.Additional Information

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Item 10.A Share Capital

Not applicable.

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Item 10.BMemorandum and Articles of Association

The information set forth in Exhibit 2(d), “Description of Securities Registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act” is incorporated herein by reference.

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Item 10.CMaterial Contracts

No material contracts outside the ordinary course of business have been entered into during the last 2 years.

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Item 10.DExchange Controls

On September 1, 2019, after the market disruptions caused by the results of the primary elections, with the purpose of strengthening the normal functioning of the economy, fostering a prudent administration of the exchange market, reducing the volatility of financial variables and containing the impact of the variations of financial flows on the real economy, the Argentine government issued Decree No. 609/2019 whereby foreign exchange controls were temporarily reinstated. The decree: (i) reinstated, originally until December 31, 2019, the exporters’ obligation to repatriate the proceeds from exports of goods and services in the terms and conditions set forth by the Central Bank’s implementing regulations and settle for Argentine pesos through the foreign exchange market (the “Foreign Exchange Market”); and (ii) authorized the Central Bank to (a) regulate access to the Foreign Exchange Market for the purchase of foreign currency and outward remittances; and (b) set forth regulations to avoid practices and transactions aimed to circumvent, through the use of securities and other instruments, the measures adopted through the decree. On the same date, the Central Bank issued Communication “A” 6770, which was subsequently amended and supplemented by further Central Bank communications.

Foreign exchange regulations have been consolidated in a single regulation, Communication “A” 8191, as subsequently amended and supplemented from time to time by Central Bank’s communications (the “Foreign Exchange Regulations”). Below is a description of the main exchange control measures implemented by the Foreign Exchange Regulations.

Pursuant to Communication “A” 8226 issued by the Central Bank on April 11, 2025, and effective as of April 14, 2025, certain measures were implemented to ease foreign exchange restrictions and introduce greater flexibility to the Foreign Exchange Regulations. As a result, as of the date of this annual report, the restrictions for the payment of imports in place since December 13, 2023, have been eased. However, certain BCRA restrictions on the access to the Foreign Exchange Market remain in force. Below is a description of the main Foreign Exchange Regulations:

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Specific provisions for income from the Foreign Exchange Market

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Entry and settlement of the proceeds from the export of goods through the Foreign Exchange Market

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The Foreign Exchange Regulations require that proceeds from the export of goods be entered into the country and settled in Argentine pesos through the Foreign Exchange Market within a specific timeframe, depending on the type of good. Regardless of these maximum settlement periods, export proceeds must be entered into the country and settled in Argentine pesos in the Foreign Exchange

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Market within twenty (20) business days from the date of collection. However, the ability to use this period is subject in all cases to compliance with the deadlines established in the Foreign Exchange Regulations for each type of good.

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Decree No. 28/2023 published on December 13, 2023, established that in connection with: (i) the export countervalue of the services included in Subsection c) of paragraph 2 of Section 10 of Law No. 22,415 (Código Aduanero) and its amendments (which refers to services rendered in Argentina, with effective use or exploitation carried out abroad); and (ii) the countervalue of the export of goods included in the Common Nomenclature of MERCOSUR (“NCM”), including pre-financing and/or post-financing of exports from abroad or a liquidation advance; 80% of such countervalue must be brought into the country in foreign currency and/or negotiated through the Foreign Exchange Market, and for the remaining 20% must be carried out through purchase and sale transactions with negotiable securities acquired with liquidation in foreign currency and sold with settlement in local currency in Argentina. On April 14, 2025, Decree No. 269/2025 repealed Decree 28/2023 and expressly established that the countervalue of the aforementioned exports will be governed by the general provisions established in Decree 609 and its amending and concordant regulations. Exporters of the goods included in the NCM will make the payment of duties, taxes, and other concepts under the terms, deadlines, and conditions established by the current regulations, corresponding to the respective Export Duty rate, considering the countervalue provided in the previous paragraph.

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If the client is a Special Purpose Vehicle (“VPU”, as per its acronym in Spanish) adhering to the Incentive Regime for Large Investments (“RIGI”, as per its acronym in Spanish) that has declared to the Ministry of Economy its intention to claim the benefits established in Section 198 of the Ley de Bases, regarding the collection of export proceeds from goods and services, the repatriation and settlement percentages set forth in sections 14.1.1 and 14.1.2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations shall apply, as appropriate.

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Amounts received in foreign currency as compensation for losses related to exported goods must also be entered into the country and settled in pesos through the Foreign Exchange Market, up to the value of the insured exported goods.

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Advances, pre-financing, and post-financing from abroad must be entered into the country and settled in the Foreign Exchange Market within twenty (20) business days from the date of collection or disbursement abroad, subject to the requirements and exceptions established in section 7.1.3 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations.

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There are some exceptions to the obligation to settle through the Foreign Exchange Market, including collections from exporters under the Regime for the Promotion of Knowledge Economy Exports (established by Decree No. 679/2022, also known as Régimen De Fomento De Inversiones Para Exportaciones De Las Actividades De La Economía Del Conocimiento), provided that the funds have been entered into the country within the regulatory timeframes and all other conditions set forth in the Foreign Exchange Regulations are met.

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The exporter must designate a financial entity to follow up each export transaction. The obligation to enter and settle foreign currency through the Foreign Exchange Market corresponding to a shipment permit will be considered satisfied when the financial entity designated to follow up certifies that the entry and settlement have taken place.

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Application of Foreign Currency from Export Proceeds

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The application of foreign currency from export proceeds of goods occurs when it has been certified that the exported goods themselves or the foreign currency received for them have been used to settle principal, interest, and/or issuance costs of financing transactions, pay profits and dividends, and/or carry out the repatriation of a direct investment by a non-resident shareholder in the cases detailed below, all in accordance with section 7.3 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations:

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(i) | Settled export advances of goods;

(ii) | Settled export pre-financing of goods;

(iii) | Settled export post-financing of goods;

(iv) | Settlements related to exports financed by foreign importers through local financial institutions;

(v) | Financial loans with contracts in force as of August 31, 2019, whose terms provide for servicing obligations through the application of export proceeds abroad;

(vi) | Export pre-financing and financing granted or guaranteed by local financial institutions pending as of August 31, 2019, that were not settled through the Foreign Exchange Market;

(vii) | Export advances and pre-financing from abroad pending as of August 31, 2019, that were not settled through the Foreign Exchange Market, provided that prior approval has been obtained or the mechanism described in section 9.3.3.2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations is applied;

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(viii)Financial transactions authorized for the application of export proceeds from goods and services;

(ix) | Transactions authorized for the application of export proceeds from goods under the Investment Promotion Regime for Exports (Decree No. 234/21);

(x) | Financing related to goods imports authorized for the application of export proceeds from goods;

(xi) | Export advances, pre-financing, and post-financing from abroad with partial settlement pursuant to the provisions of Decrees No. 492/23, 549/23, 597/23, and 28/23.

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Obligation to settle foreign currency from exports of services

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As a general rule, payments received for the provision of services by residents to non-residents must be entered and settled through the Foreign Exchange Market within twenty business days from the date of its collection abroad or in Argentina or its crediting to foreign accounts.

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In the case of funds received or credited abroad, the collection and liquidation may be considered completed for the amount equivalent to the usual expenses debited by the financial entities abroad for the transfer of funds to the country.

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The aforementioned provisions of Decree No. 28/2023 were also applicable to the export of services until April 14, 2025, when they ceased to be in force (see “—Entry and settlement of the proceeds from the export of goods through the Foreign Exchange Market”).

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If the client is a VPU under the RIGI that has notified the Ministry of Economy, the competent authority for the RIGI, of its intention to avail itself of the benefits set out in Article 198 of the Ley de Bases (which states that VPUs are not required to enter or settle in the Foreign Exchange Market the foreign currency obtained from activities other than the export of goods, including services), the exception provided in Section 14.1.3 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations will apply. This section specifies that payments for services provided to non-residents by a VPU with a RIGI-backed project will be exempt from the requirement to enter and/or settle the foreign currency value, as long as the service was provided or accrued from the start-up date of the VPU, as reported by the Ministry of Economy to the Central Bank.

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Certain situations outlined in section 2.2.2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations are exempt from the settlement obligation for proceeds from the export of services, as long as these are entered within the established deadlines.

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Disposal of non-financial, unproduced Assets

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The consideration received by residents from the disposal of non-financial, unproduced assets to non-residents must be entered into the country in foreign currency and settled through the Foreign Exchange Market within twenty (20) business days from the date of receipt abroad or in Argentina, or from the date of crediting to foreign accounts.

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In the case of funds received or credited abroad, the entry and settlement requirement may be considered fulfilled for the amount equivalent to the usual charges debited by foreign financial institutions for transferring the funds to the country.

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Debt securities subscribed abroad and external financial i ndebtedness

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Debt securities publicly registered abroad, other external financial indebtedness, and foreign currency-denominated debt securities publicly registered in Argentina fully subscribed abroad (“External Financial Indebtedness”), disbursed as from September 1, 2019, must be entered into Argentina and settled in the Foreign Exchange Market as a requirement for subsequent access to it in order to service their capital and interest payments. Consequently, although the settlement of the proceeds from such transactions is not mandatory, failing to settle it will prevent future access to the Foreign Exchange Market for reimbursement purposes.

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Additionally, as further conditions for such access to the Foreign Exchange Market, the transaction must have been declared in the External Assets and Liabilities Survey, and access to the Foreign Exchange Market must occur no more than 3 (three) business days prior to the due date of the capital or interest service to be paid.

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In the case of a capital payment of debt securities issued as from November 8, 2024 made through a transfer abroad, access to the Foreign Exchange Market must occur at least 365 (three hundred sixty-five) calendar days after their issuance date. This minimum term will be reduced to 180 (one hundred eighty) calendar days for securities issued on or after April 21, 2025

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Access to the Foreign Exchange Market to make payments more than three (3) days in advance of the due date is, as a general rule, subject to prior authorization from the Central Bank. The following cases of early repayment may be exempt from such prior authorization, provided they meet several requirements outlined in Section 3.5 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations: (i) early repayment of principal and interest with the settlement of funds entered into the country by the issuance of a new debt security that qualifies as External Financial Indebtedness; (ii) early repayment of principal and interest with the simultaneous settlement of other External Financial Indebtedness; (iii) early repayment of interest in the context of a debt exchange process involving debt securities that qualify as External Financial Indebtedness; (iv) early repayment of principal and interest simultaneously with the settlement of new External Financial Indebtedness granted by a local financial institution through a foreign credit line; and (v) early repayment of principal and interest by a VPU adhering to the RIGI.

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Furthermore, prior approval from the Central Bank is required for local residents to access the Foreign Exchange Market for the payment of principal and interest related to External Financial Indebtedness with related parties. Certain specific exceptions apply, as detailed in Section 3.5.6 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations. See “- Payments Related to Debts with Related Parties.”

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Additionally, under Section 3.11.2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, entities may grant access to the Foreign Exchange Market to residents in order to make payments for services related to External Financial Indebtedness or debt securities registered in Argentina, in accordance with Section 3.6.1.3 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, to purchase foreign currency before the deadline permitted by the regulations, under the following conditions:

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(i) | The funds acquired are deposited in foreign currency accounts held by the client in local financial institutions; |

(ii) | The intervening entity has verified that the indebtedness, the service of which will be paid with these funds, complies with the applicable Foreign Exchange Regulations that allow such access; and |

(iii) | The client's access falls within one of the following situations: |

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| a. | It is made within the 60 (sixty) calendar days prior to the due date, with a daily amount not exceeding 10% (ten percent) of the amount to be paid; or |

| b. | It is made within 5 (five) business days prior to the regulatory deadline allowed in each case, with a daily amount not exceeding 20% (twenty percent) of the amount to be paid. |

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Specific provisions on outflows through the Foreign Exchange Market

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General requirements

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As a general rule, and in addition to the specific rules of each transaction for access, certain general requirements must be complied with by a local company or individual to access the Foreign Exchange Market for the purchase of foreign currency or its transfer abroad (i.e., payments of imports and other purchases of goods abroad; payment of services rendered by non-residents; distribution of profits and dividends; payment of debt securities subscribed abroad and external financial indebtedness; interest payments on debts for the import of goods and services, among others) without requiring prior approval from the Central Bank. In this regard, the local company or individual must file an affidavit stating that:

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(a) | (i) At the time of access to the Foreign Exchange Market, all of its foreign currency holdings in Argentina are deposited in accounts in financial institutions, and (ii) at the beginning of the day on which it requests access to the Foreign Exchange Market, it does not hold Argentine certificates of deposit (for its acronym in Spanish, “CEDEARs”) representing foreign shares and/or available liquid foreign assets that together have a value greater than US$ 100,000. For these purposes, “foreign liquid assets” are considered to be holdings of banknotes and coins in foreign currency, cash in gold coins or bars of good delivery, demand deposits in financial institutions abroad and other investments that allow immediate availability of foreign currency. On the other hand, funds deposited abroad that cannot be used by the client because they are reserve or guarantee funds created by virtue of the requirements set forth in foreign debt contracts or funds created as guarantee for derivative transactions arranged abroad should not be considered as liquid foreign assets available. In the event that the client is a local government and exceeds

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| the established limit, the institution may also accept an affidavit from the client stating that the excess was used to make payments for the Foreign Exchange Market through swap and/or arbitrage transactions with the deposited funds.

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In the event that the client holds foreign liquid assets and/or CEDEARs in an amount greater than that established in the preceding paragraph, the financial institution may also accept an affidavit from the client confirming that such amount has not been exceeded, considering that, partially or fully, the foreign liquid assets:

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(i) | have been used during that day for payments that would have had access to the Foreign Exchange Market;

(ii) | have been transferred to the client’s favor to a correspondent account of a local entity authorized to operate in foreign exchange;

(iii) | are funds deposited in foreign bank accounts in the client's name, originating from proceeds of exports of goods and/or services, or advances, prefinancing, or postfinancing of exports of goods granted by non-residents, or from the sale of non-produced non-financial assets, for which the 20 (twenty) business day period from their receipt has not elapsed;

(iv) | are funds deposited in foreign bank accounts in the client's name, originating from External Financial Indebtedness, and the amount does not exceed the equivalent required to pay capital and interest in the next 365 (three hundred sixty-five) calendar days;

(v) | are funds deposited in foreign bank accounts in the client's name, originating from disbursements received abroad after November 29, 2024 from External Financial Indebtedness, within the last 180 (one hundred eighty) calendar days;

(vi) | are funds deposited in foreign bank accounts in the client's name, originating from the sale of securities settled in foreign currency as outlined in section 3.16.3.6.iii) of the Foreign Exchange Regulations;

(vii) | are funds deposited in foreign bank accounts in the client's name, originating from debt securities issued in the last 120 (one hundred twenty) calendar days, and falling under the provisions of sections 7.11.1.5. and 7.11.1.6 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations.

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Entities may also accept an affidavit from the client stating that their holdings in excess of the contemplated amount correspond to funds deposited in bank accounts abroad originating from the subscription abroad of a new debt security in the last 60 calendar days and that will be used to carry out a refinancing, repurchase, and/or early redemption transaction of debt securities or external financial debts that qualify as External Financial Indebtedness.

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(b) | It undertakes the obligation to settle in the Foreign Exchange Market, within five business days of its availability, the funds received abroad from the collection of loans granted to third parties, time deposits, or the sale of any type of asset, to the extent that the asset subject to the sale was acquired, the deposit constituted or the loan granted after May 28, 2020.

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(c) | On the date of access to the Foreign Exchange Market and in the previous 90 calendar days, either directly nor indirectly, nor on behalf or for the account of third parties:

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| (i) | did not arrange sales in Argentina of securities with settlement in foreign currency,

| (ii) | did not exchange securities issued by residents for foreign assets,

| (iii) | did not transfer securities to depository entities abroad,

| (iv) | did not acquire in Argentina securities issued by non-residents with settlement in Argentine pesos,

| (v) | did not acquire CEDEARs representing foreign shares,

| (vi) | did not acquire securities representing private debt issued in foreign jurisdiction, and

| (vii) | did not deliver funds in local currency or other local assets (except funds in foreign currency deposited in local financial institutions) to any entity (whether physical or legal, resident or non-resident, related or not), receiving as prior or subsequent consideration, directly or indirectly, by itself or through a related, controlled or controlling entity, foreign assets, crypto-assets or securities deposited abroad.

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Pursuant to Communication “A” 8226 issued by the Central Bank on April 11, 2025, outflows through the Foreign Exchange Market carried out by resident individuals are not subject to the requirement set forth in this Section (c), and transactions executed up to and including that date shall not be taken into account for the purposes of the affidavit required in this Section (c).

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| (d) | It undertakes the obligation not to enter into any of the transactions described in paragraph (c) above from the time it requests access to the Foreign Exchange Market and for 90 calendar days thereafter, neither directly nor indirectly, nor on behalf or for the account of third parties.

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Pursuant to the aforementioned Communication “A” 8226, outflows through the Foreign Exchange Market carried out by resident individuals are not subject to the requirement set forth in this Section (d).

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Section 3.16.3.6 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations sets forth several transactions that should not be considered in the affidavits prepared to comply with items (c) and (d) above.

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| (e) | Section 3.16.3 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations adds that, in the event that the customer requesting access to the exchange market is a legal entity, in order for the transaction not to be covered by the requirement of prior approval by the Central Bank must be submitted to the corresponding financial institution an affidavit stating:

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| (i) | details of the physical or legal persons exercising a direct control relationship over the client and of other legal persons with which it is part of the same economic group. In determining the existence of a direct control relationship, the types of relationships described in Section 1.2.2.1 of the Large Exposures Regulation should be considered. Companies sharing a control relationship of the type defined in Sections 1.2.1.1 and 1.2.2.1 of the Large Exposures Regulations should be considered as members of the same “economic group”;

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| (ii) | that on the day on which it requests access to the Foreign Exchange Market and in the 90 days prior to that date, it has not delivered in Argentina any funds in local currency or other liquid local assets, except funds in foreign currency deposited in local financial institutions, to any individual or legal entity that exercises a direct control relationship over it, or to other companies with which it is part of the same economic group, except those directly associated with regular transactions between residents for the acquisition of goods and/or services. Pursuant to Communication “A” 8226, transactions carried out up to and including April 11, 2025, shall not be taken into account for the purposes of the affidavit herein described.

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| (iii) | The requirements set forth in items (i) and (ii) above may be deemed fulfilled if the client seeking access has submitted:

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| (1) | An affidavit confirming that, within the period established in item (e)(ii), except for transactions directly related to routine transactions in the course of its business activities, it has not transferred local currency funds or other liquid local assets—excluding foreign currency funds deposited in local financial institutions—to any individual or legal entity within Argentina.

| (2) | An affidavit signed by each individual or legal entity identified in item (e)(i) to whom the client has transferred funds under the terms of item (e)(ii), confirming compliance with the requirements set forth in items (c), (d), and (e)(ii).

| (3) | An affidavit signed by each individual or legal entity identified in item (e)(i), confirming either: (x) compliance with the requirements set forth in items (c) and (d), or (y) that, within the period established in item (e)(ii), except for transactions directly related to routine purchases of goods and/or services between residents, it has not received local currency funds or other liquid local assets—excluding foreign currency funds deposited in local financial institutions—originating from the client or from any entity identified in item (e)(i) to whom the client has transferred funds under the terms of item (e)(ii).

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Communication “A” 8108, enacted on September 19, 2024, states that transfers to foreign depositary entities of securities made in connection with a repurchase of debt securities by Argentine residents should not be considered in the affidavits prepared to comply with items (c) and (d) above.

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Clients who have acquired BOPREAL bonds in primary bidding under the provisions of “Transactions with BOPREAL” shall not be required to consider, for the purposes of preparing the affidavits set forth in items (c) and (d) above, sales of BOPREAL bonds settled in foreign currency in Argentina or abroad, or transfers of these bonds to custodians abroad, provided such transactions do not exceed the amount acquired in primary bidding. Likewise, they shall not be required to consider, in the aforementioned affidavits, sales of securities settled in foreign currency abroad or transfers of securities to custodians abroad, both executed on or after April 1, 2024, when the market value of such transactions does not exceed the difference between the value obtained from selling BOPREAL bonds settled in foreign currency abroad—acquired in primary bidding for eligible import-related debt for goods and services pursuant to the provisions of “Transactions with BOPREAL”—and their nominal value, if the former is lower.

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Section 3.16.4 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations establishes that financial institutions must obtain prior approval from the Central Bank to grant access to the Foreign Exchange Market for individuals or legal entities listed by ARCA in its database of invoices or equivalent documents classified as fraudulent by said authority. This requirement shall not apply to market access for the repayment of foreign currency financing granted by local financial institutions, including payments for foreign currency transactions made via credit or purchase cards.

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Imports payments

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Section 3.1 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations allows access to the Foreign Exchange Market for the payment of imports of goods, establishing different conditions depending on whether they are payments of imports of goods with customs entry registration, or payments of imports of goods with pending customs entry registration, and based on the due date of the interest that such commercial debts accrue.

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It also provides for the reestablishment of the “SEPAIMPO”, the import payment tracking system, for the purpose of monitoring import payments, import financing and the demonstration of the entry of goods into the country.

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In addition, the local importer must designate a local financial entity to act as a monitoring bank, which will be responsible for verifying compliance with applicable regulations, including, among others, the settlement of import financing and the entry of imported goods.

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With respect to access to the Foreign Exchange Market for the payment of imports of goods, the following provisions apply:

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Payments for imports of goods with customs entry registration as from December 13, 2023

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1.1. Entities may provide access to the Foreign Exchange Market without prior Central Bank approval to make deferred payments for imports of goods with customs entry registration as from December 13, 2023, when in addition to the other applicable regulatory requirements, it is verified that the payment complies with the following schedule, according to the type of goods:

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(i) | from its customs entry registration, the payment corresponding to the following goods may be made: (i) petroleum or bituminous mineral oils, their preparations and residues (subchapters 2709, 2710 and 2713 of the NCM); (ii) petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons (subchapter 2711 of the NCM); (iii) bituminous coal without agglomeration (subchapters 2701.12.00 of the NCM), when the import is carried out by an electricity generation plant; (iv) electricity (subchapters 2716.00.00 of the NCM) and (v) imports formalized from April 15, 2024 of natural uranium, enriched uranium and their compounds (subchapters 2844.10.00 and 2844.20.00 of the NCM), heavy water (subchapter 2845.10.00 of the NCM), or zirconium and its manufactures when corresponding to subchapter 8109.91.00 of the NCM, that are intended for the production of energy or fuels. |

(ii) | For all other goods, payment may be made starting 30 (thirty) calendar days from the date of customs clearance of the goods. |

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Pursuant to Communication “A” 8226, for imports of all types of goods formalized as of April 14, 2025, the timeframe set forth in the previous paragraph shall be reduced to zero (0) calendar days from the date of customs entry registration.

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1.2. Entities may also grant access to the Foreign Exchange Market without the prior approval of the Central Bank to make deferred payments for new imports of goods with customs entry registration as from December 13, 2023 before the terms set forth in Section (a) above when, in addition to the other applicable regulatory requirements, the payment falls within the situations set forth in Section 10.10.2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations.

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1.3. Access to the Foreign Exchange Market to make payments with pending customs registration shall require the prior approval of the Central Bank except when, in addition to the other applicable requirements, the payment falls within the situations foreseen in Section 10.10.2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations.

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Stock of debt and Imports of Goods

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Access to the Foreign Exchange Market to make import payments for goods whose customs entry registration occurred up to December 12, 2023, in addition to the remaining applicable requirements, shall require the prior conformity of the Central Bank except when they are transactions financed by financial entities or official credit agencies or international organizations; among other situations set forth in Section 10.11 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations.

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Payment for services rendered by non-residents

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Pursuant to Section 3.2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, entities may access the Foreign Exchange Market to make payments for services rendered by non-residents as long as they have documentation to support the existence of the service.

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In the case of commercial debts for services, access is granted as from the expiration date, provided that it is verified that the transaction is declared, if applicable, in the last due presentation of the External Assets and Liabilities Survey.

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Regarding access to the Foreign Exchange Market for the payment of service imports, the following provisions apply:

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Payments for services that were or will be rendered or accrued on or after December 13, 2023.

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Entities may give access to the Foreign Exchange Market to make payments for non-residents services that were or will be rendered as of December 13, 2023, when, in addition to the other applicable regulatory requirements, the transaction falls within one of the situations detailed below:

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| i. | The payment corresponds to a transaction that falls under the following concept codes: |

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S03. Passenger Transportation Services.

S06. Travel (excluding transactions associated with withdrawals and/or consumption with resident cards with non-resident suppliers or non-resident cards with Argentine suppliers).

S23. Audiovisual services.

S25. Government services.

S26. Health services by travel assistance companies.

S27. Other health services.

S29. Transactions associated with withdrawals and/or consumptions with resident cards with non-resident suppliers or non-resident cards with Argentine suppliers.

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| ii. | Expenses paid to foreign financial entities for their usual transactions.

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| iii. | The payment corresponds to a transaction classified under the concept “S31. Freight services for export of goods,” where the freight costs are included as part of the sales terms agreed upon with the buyer of the goods. The payment is executed once the export has been granted the shipment clearance by customs.

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| iv. | The payment corresponds to a transaction classified under the concept “S30. Freight services for import transactions of goods” and is executed once a period has passed, starting from the date the service was provided, equivalent to the time at which payment for the transported goods could begin to be deferred, as stipulated in Section 10.10.1 of the Exchange Regulations.

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| v. | The payment corresponds to a transaction classified under the concept “S24. Other personal, cultural, and recreational services” and is executed once a period of 90 (ninety) calendar days has passed since the service was provided or earned. This period will be reduced to 30 (thirty) calendar days when the services are provided or earned from November 29, 2024, by a non-related counterparty to the resident.

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| vi. | The payment corresponds to a transaction corresponding to a service not included in Sections 13.2.1. to 13.2.5. of the Foreign Exchange Regulations provided by a non-related counterparty to the resident, and is made after 30 calendar days from the date of rendering or accrual of the service. This deadline will also apply to transfers abroad by local agents for their collection in Argentina of funds corresponding to services provided by non-residents to residents.

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| vii. | The payment corresponds to a transaction corresponding for a service not included in items 13.2.1. to 13.2.5. of the Foreign Exchange Regulations provided by a related counterparty to the resident, and is made after 180 calendar days have elapsed

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|  | from the date of rendering or accrual of the service. Transactions originating from the provision of services by related counterparties will continue to be subject to this requirement even if there is a change in the creditor or debtor that results in no longer having a relationship between the creditor and the resident debtor.

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Pursuant to Communication “A” 8226, all services rendered or accrued from April 14, 2025, that fall outside of items (i) to (iii) above and are provided by an unrelated counterparty to the resident, may be paid upon the date of service provision or accrual, provided that the other applicable regulatory requirements are met. In contrast, services rendered or accrued from the same date and provided by a related counterparty to the resident may only be paid after a period of ninety (90) calendar days from the service date, subject to compliance with the other applicable regulatory requirements.

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Stock of debt of imports of services

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Access to the Foreign Exchange Market for payments for services provided and/or accrued by non-residents from December 13, 2023, will be admissible prior to the deadlines set forth in Sections 13.2.3 to 13.2.7. of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, when, in addition to the other applicable requirements, the following situations are verified:

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| i. | The customer accesses the Foreign Exchange Market with funds originating from foreign currency financing for service imports granted by a local financial entity, provided that the maturity dates and the principal amounts to be paid of the granted financing are compatible with those provided in Section 13.2. of the Foreign Exchange Regulations.

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If the granting of the financing is prior to the date of provision or accrual of the service, the deadlines provided in Section 13.2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations will be calculated from the estimated date of provision or accrual plus 15 calendar days. If the granting of the financing is after the date of provision or accrual of the service, said deadlines will be calculated from this latter date.

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| ii. | The customer has access to the Foreign Exchange Market simultaneously with the settlement of funds for advances or pre-financing of exports from abroad or pre-financing of exports granted by local financial entities with funding in foreign credit lines, to the extent that the stipulations of Section 13.3.1 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations regarding maturity dates and the amounts of principal to be paid for the financing are complied with.

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| iii. | The customer accesses the Foreign Exchange Market simultaneously with the settlement of funds originated in an External Financial Indebtedness, to the extent that the provisions of Section 13.3.1 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations regarding maturity dates and principal amounts payable on the financing are complied with.

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The portion of the financial indebtedness that is used by virtue of the provisions of this Section may not be computed for the purposes of other specific mechanisms that enable access to the Foreign Exchange Market as from the entry and/or settlement of this type of transactions.

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| iv. | In the case that the payment for imports of services is performed within the framework of the mechanism provided for in Section 7.11 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations.

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| v. | The customer has a “Certification for the regimes of access to foreign currency for the incremental production of oil and/or natural gas (Decree No. 277/22) issued within the framework of the provisions of Section 3.17 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations.

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| vi. | The payment corresponds to the cancellation of transactions financed or guaranteed prior to December 13, 2023, by local or foreign financial entities.

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| vii. | The payment corresponds to the cancellation of transactions financed or guaranteed prior to December 13, 2023, by international organizations and/or official credit agencies. Entities may also consider as a transaction guaranteed by an official credit agency those covered by a guarantee issued by a private insurer on behalf of a national government of another country. In all cases, the intervening entity must have documentation explicitly confirming this situation.

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| viii. | The payment is made on the closing date of a repurchase and/or debt redemption transaction under Sections 3.5.3.1. or 3.6.4.4.

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|  | of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, and relates to services provided by non-residents arising from the issuance of the new debt securities and/or the repurchase and/or redemption transaction.

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| ix. | The payment is to a counterparty not related to the client and is completed through an exchange and/or arbitration with the funds deposited in a foreign currency account in a local financial entity.

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Payments for services provided or accrued by non-residents until December 12, 2023.

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The Central Bank’s prior approval shall be required for access to the Foreign Exchange Market to make payments for non-resident services rendered or accrued up to December 12, 2023, except when in addition to the other applicable requirements, the entity verifies compliance with the requirements set forth in Section 13.5. of the Foreign Exchange Regulations.

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Payments for debt securities subscribed abroad and external financial indebtedness with foreign entities

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As previously mentioned, for resident debtors to access the Foreign Exchange Market to make capital or interest payments on External Financial Indebtedness, it is required that an amount equivalent to the nominal value of the External Financial Indebtedness has been entered into Argentina and settled through the Foreign Exchange Market, and that the transaction has been declared in the External Assets and Liabilities Survey. See “- Debt securities subscribed abroad and external financial indebtedness.”

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This requirement for entry and settlement will be considered fulfilled in the following cases:

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| (1) | Indebtedness disbursed before September 1, 2019.

| (2) | Indebtedness originating from September 1, 2019, which does not generate disbursements due to refinancing of capital and/or interest on external financial indebtedness that had access under the applicable regulations, as long as the refinancing does not bring forward the maturity of the original debt.

| (3) | For the amount of the applicable origination and/or issuance expenses and other expenses debited abroad for the banking transactions involved.

| (4) | For the difference between the effective value and the nominal value in publicly registered debt securities issued below par.

| (5) | For the portion corresponding to a capitalized interest in accordance with the financing agreement.

| (6) | For the portion of publicly registered debt securities issued between October 9, 2020, and December 31, 2023, with an average duration not less than 2 (two) years, which were delivered to creditors of external financial indebtedness and/or foreign currency-denominated public debt securities with maturities between October 15, 2020, and December 31, 2023, as part of the refinancing plan required under item 7 of Communication A 7106 and related provisions (as included in item 3.17 of Annex of Communication A 7914), based on the parameters defined in the Foreign Exchange Regulations.

| (7) | For the portion of public debt securities issued from January 7, 2021, which were delivered to creditors to refinance preexisting financial debts with an extension of the average duration, corresponding to the refinanced capital amount, accrued interest up to the refinancing date, and, to the extent that the new debt securities do not have capital maturities during the first 2 (two) years, the amount equivalent to the interest that would accrue in the first 2 (two) years on the debt being refinanced in advance and/or the deferral of the refinanced capital and/or the interest that would accrue on the amounts so refinanced.

| (8) | For the portion subscribed in foreign currency in Argentina for public debt securities issued abroad starting from February 5, 2021, provided that all conditions outlined in the Foreign Exchange Regulations are met.

| (9) | For external indebtedness originating from September 1, 2019 in a refinancing of the capital and/or interest on commercial debts with the foreign creditor, provided that the new financial debt does not anticipate maturity dates concerning the refinanced commercial debt nor involve payments before the date the client could have accessed for the commercial debt under the applicable regulations.

| (10) | For External Financial Indebtedness falling under sections 7.11.1.3 and 7.11.1.5 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, provided that evidence of customs entry registration of goods with a value equivalent to the received financing is presented. The value of freight expenses stated in the transportation documentation associated with the customs entry registration of the goods may also be counted, provided that the funds from the transactions outlined in the mentioned sections were used for direct payment to the freight service provider of imports not included in the agreed purchase condition.

| (11) | External Financial Indebtedness that falls under Section 7.10.2.2.ii) of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, provided that evidence of customs entry registration of goods with a value equivalent to the received financing is presented.

| (12) | For the portion of new debt securities delivered by a resident to their creditors as participation premium, repurchase, early redemption, or similar, in the framework of a debt exchange, repurchase, and/or early redemption transaction of External Financial Indebtedness, provided that:

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| a. | The nominal value of the new securities delivered, in the concept of participation premium, repurchase or early redemption or similar, does not exceed the equivalent of 5% (five percent) of the capital value of the debt effectively exchanged or repurchased; and

| b. | The new debt securities provide at least 1 (one) year of grace for capital repayment and imply a minimum extension of 2 (two) years regarding the average duration of the remaining capital of the exchanged or repurchased debt.

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Section 3.5.4 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations establishes that, as long as the prior approval requirement for access to the Foreign Exchange Market for paying capital and interest on External Financial Indebtedness remains in force, this requirement will not be applicable when all of the following conditions are met:

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| (a) | The funds were used to finance projects within the “Argentine Natural Gas Production Promotion Plan – 2020-2024 Supply and Demand Scheme” established in Article 2 of Decree No. 892/20 (“Plan GasAr”);

| (b) | The funds have been entered and settled through the Foreign Exchange Market as from November 16, 2020; and

| (c) | The indebtedness has an average duration of no less than 2 (two) years.

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Payments under related counterparty debt

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Prior approval from the Central Bank is required to access the Foreign Exchange Market for the cancellation of principal and interest of External Financial Indebtedness when the creditor is a related counterparty to the resident debtor, in accordance with section 3.5.6 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations. Additionally, debts covered by this section will continue to be subject to prior approval even if there is a modification of the creditor or debtor that results in no longer having a relationship between the creditor and the resident debtor.

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Prior approval from the Central Bank will not be required when:

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| (i) | it is related to transactions specific to local financial institutions;

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| (ii) | it is an External Financial Indebtedness with an average maturity of no less than 2 (two) years, and the funds have been entered and settled through the Foreign Exchange Market from October 2, 2020;

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| (iii) | it is a payment of compensatory interest accruing from January 1, 2025, on the remaining original value of financial debts with related foreign counterparties. Penalty or other equivalent interest that accrues from January 1, 2025, will still be subject to the prior approval requirement;

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| (iv) | it is a payment of interest that is made simultaneously with the settlement for at least an equivalent amount of:

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| a. | new External Financial Indebtedness with an average maturity of no less than 2 (two) years and providing at least 1 (one) year of grace for principal payments, both counted from the date access to the market is granted.

| b. | new direct investment contributions from non-residents.

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The financial debts and/or direct foreign investment contributions, which cannot be considered for other mechanisms under the Foreign Exchange Regulations, may be entered and settled by the debtor making the interest payment or by another resident company belonging to the same economic group.

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| (v) | it is an External Financial Indebtedness with an average maturity of no less than 2 (two) years settled between August 27, 2021, and December 12, 2023, and was used to pay commercial debts for the import of goods and services, based on the issuance of a “Certification of entry of new financial indebtedness with the exterior” under item 1 of Communication A 7348 and related provisions (provisions received in item 3.19 of the Annex to Communication A 7914).

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| (vi) | it is an External Financial Indebtedness with an average maturity of no less than 2 (two) years originating between August 27, 2021, and December 12, 2023, from a refinancing of commercial debts for the import of goods and services with the same creditor, under item 20 of Communication A 7626 and related provisions (provisions received in item 3.20 of the Annex to Communication A 7914).

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| (vii) | the client has a “Certification for foreign exchange access regimes for incremental oil and/or natural gas production (Decree 277/22)” issued in the framework of Section 3.17 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, for the equivalent of the principal amount being paid.

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| (viii) | it is an External Financial Indebtedness under the mechanism of Section 7.11 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, and the access date is consistent with the conditions required to fit within that mechanism.

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| (ix) | the client has a “Certification of increased goods exports” for the years 2021 to 2023 issued under Section 3.18 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations for the equivalent of the principal amount being paid.

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| (x) | the client is a VPU participant under RIGI that settles principal or interest of External Financial Indebtedness as provided in section 14.2.1 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations.

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| (xi) | It is the payment of principal on External Financial Indebtedness owed to related parties of the debtor, provided that such indebtedness has an average life of no less than 180 days and the funds have been duly transferred into and settled through the Foreign Exchange Market on or after April 21, 2025

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Payments of debt securities or other debt instruments denominated and payable in foreign currency in Argentina

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Pursuant to Section 2.5 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, issuances by residents of publicly registered debt securities in Argentina that do not constitute External Financial Indebtedness and/or promissory notes with a public offering issued under General Resolution No. 1003/24 of the CNV and related regulations, and/or fiduciary debt securities issued by trustees of fiduciary trusts with a public offering carried out in accordance with CNV provisions in the matter, denominated and subscribed in foreign currency, must be settled in the Foreign Exchange Market as a requirement for subsequent access to said market to address their capital and/or interest services in foreign currency in Argentina under the provisions of this section.

Access to the Foreign Exchange Market for the repayment of debts and other obligations in foreign currency between residents, incurred after September 1, 2019, is prohibited.

However, exceptions are made for the cancellation in Argentina of principal and interest upon maturity of:

| (i) | Foreign currency financing granted by local financial institutions (including payments for foreign currency consumption through credit or purchase cards). |

| (ii) | Debt securities issued as from September 1, 2019, for the purpose of refinancing debts covered in item (1) of the following paragraph and which involve an increase in the average maturity of the obligations. |

| (iii) | Debt securities issued as from November 29, 2019, with public registration in Argentina that do not qualify as External Financial Indebtedness, denominated and subscribed in foreign currency, and whose capital and interest services are payable in foreign currency, provided that all funds obtained have been settled in the Foreign Exchange Market. |

| (iv) | Promissory notes with public offering issued under General Resolution 1003/24 of the CNV and related regulations, denominated and subscribed in foreign currency, and whose capital and interest services are payable in foreign currency in Argentina, provided that all funds obtained have been settled in the Foreign Exchange Market. |

| (v) | Fiduciary debt securities issued by trustees of financial trusts with a public offering conducted in accordance with the provisions of the CNV, denominated and subscribed in foreign currency, and whose capital and interest services are payable in foreign currency in Argentina, provided that all funds obtained have been settled in the Foreign Exchange Market. |

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Entities may also grant access to the Foreign Exchange Market for the cancellation upon maturity of:

| (1) | Foreign currency obligations between residents formalized through public records or deeds as of August 30, 2019. |

| (2) | Foreign currency financing granted by local financial institutions pending as of August 30, 2019. |

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Access to the Foreign Exchange Market before maturity will require prior approval from the Central Bank, except when the transaction falls under one of the following situations and all conditions established in each case are met:

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| (i) | When the debt originates from foreign currency financing granted by local financial institutions for foreign currency consumption made through credit or purchase cards. |

| (ii) | In case of other foreign currency financing from local financial institutions being paid off simultaneously with the settlement |

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|  | of funds from abroad for new borrowings: |

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| a. | The early payment is made simultaneously with funds settled from new External Financial Indebtedness and/or new prefinancing of exports from abroad; |

| b. | The average maturity of the new indebtedness is longer than the remaining average maturity of the debt being paid off; |

| c. | The accumulated amount of principal payments of the new indebtedness, at any time until the maturity date of the debt being canceled, may not exceed the accumulated principal payments of the financing being paid off; and |

| d. | If the new indebtedness is a prefinancing of exports from abroad, the entity must have an affidavit from the client stating that prior approval from the Central Bank will be required for the application of export currency collections to the early repayment of principal before the maturities counted for compliance with the conditions mentioned. |

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If the pre-canceled financing by the client was granted from a credit line from abroad, the financial institution may also pre-cancel the principal and accrued interest from the credit line for the proportion of the debt repaid early.

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| (iii) | In case of early cancellation of interest within a debt exchange process: |

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| a. | The early cancellation of interest is made within a debt exchange process of securities issued by the client, in which the creditor is delivered a new security with public registration in Argentina that does not qualify as External Financial Indebtedness; |

| b. | The amount paid before maturity corresponds to interest accrued up to the closing date of the exchange; |

| c. | The average duration of the new debt securities is longer than the remaining average duration of the exchanged securities; and |

| d. | The accumulated amount of principal payments of the new securities, at no time until the maturity date of the debt being canceled, may exceed the amount accumulated by the principal payments of the exchanged securities. |

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| (iv) | In case of early cancellation of principal and interest from a debt security covered in this section with the settlement of funds entered from abroad through the issuance of a new debt security that qualifies as External Financial Indebtedness: |

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| a. | The early cancellation of principal is made simultaneously with the settlement of funds from abroad through the issuance of a new debt security that qualifies as External Financial Indebtedness issued within a refinancing, repurchase, and/or early redemption transaction; |

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i. |  | The new debt security includes a one (1) year grace period for capital repayment, and its average duration is at least two (2) years longer than the remaining average duration of the debt security being canceled; and |

ii. |  | The accumulated amount of principal payments of the new indebtedness may not exceed, until the maturity date of the canceled debt, the amount accumulated by the principal payments of the debt being canceled. |

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| b. | The early cancellation of interest corresponds to the interest accrued on the refinanced debt until the closing date of the repurchase and/or redemption transaction, without the need for an equivalent funds settlement. |

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Additionally, the entity may grant the client access to the Foreign Exchange Market to:

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| c. | Pay for a repurchase premium, early redemption, or similar, up to the equivalent of 5% (five percent) of the principal amount of the repurchased and/or redeemed debt security, provided that the payment is made simultaneously with the settlement of funds entered from abroad by the new debt security exceeding the principal amount being pre-canceled, by at least an amount equivalent to the premium paid. |

| d. | Pay, at the closing date of the repurchase and/or redemption transaction, without the need for an equivalent funds settlement, the issuance costs or other services provided by non-residents in the context of the issuance of the new debt securities and/or the repurchase and/or redemption transaction. |

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| (v) | In case of early cancellation of principal and interest from a debt security covered in this section simultaneously with the settlement of other External Financial Indebtedness: |

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| a. | The early cancellation of principal and interest is made simultaneously with funds settled from new External Financial Indebtedness; |

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| b. | The average duration of the new indebtedness is longer than the remaining average duration of the debt security being canceled; and |

| c. | The accumulated amount of principal payments of the new indebtedness, at no time until the maturity date of the debt being canceled, may exceed the amount accumulated by the principal payments of the debt security being canceled. |

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| (vi) | In the case of early cancellation of principal and interest from a debt security covered in this section simultaneously with the settlement of a new debt security of the same type: |

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| a. | The early cancellation of principal and interest from a debt security covered in this section is made simultaneously with the funds settled by the issuance of a new debt security with public registration in Argentina that does not qualify as External Financial Indebtedness, denominated and subscribed in foreign currency, and whose services are payable in foreign currency; and |

| b. | The average duration of the new security is longer than the remaining average duration of the debt security being canceled; and |

| c. | The accumulated amount of principal payments of the new debt security, at no time until the maturity date of the debt being canceled, may exceed the amount accumulated by the principal payments of the debt security being canceled. |

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| (vii) | The client is a VPU adhered to the RIGI that early cancels principal or accrued interest from debts covered in this section in accordance with the provisions of Section 14.2.1 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations. |

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Issuances of debt securities with public registration in Argentina that meet the conditions set forth in this section for access to the Foreign Exchange Market will be allowed to cancel their capital and interest services upon maturity through the application of export collections of goods and services in Argentina, provided that the requirements set forth in Section 7.9 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations are met.

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Transactions with BOPREAL

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The BOPREAL are securities issued by the Central Bank for importers of goods and services with pending payment obligations for imports of goods with customs registration and/or services effectively provided prior to December 12, 2023.

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For Importers of Goods

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Importers of goods can subscribe BOPREAL for up to the amount of the pending debt for their imports of goods with customs entry registration before December 12, 2023. The entity making the subscription offer on behalf of the client must have the respective certifications on the outstanding debt amount issued by the entity/entities responsible for monitoring the officializations involved in the SEPAIMPO, in order to verify that all of the following conditions are met:

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(i) | The obligation qualifies as a debt for goods imports as indicated in Section 10.2.4 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations. |

(ii) | The transaction is declared, if applicable, in the last overdue submission of the External Assets and Liabilities Survey. |

(iii) | The conditions set forth in Section 10.3.2.1 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations for access to the Foreign Exchange Market are met, except for the condition specified in item (viii). |

(iv) | The client meets the supplementary requirements outlined in Sections 3.16.2 to 3.16.5 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations. |

(v) | The client provides an affidavit stating that the debt for which they are requesting subscription is pending payment. |

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In certain cases, the entity making the subscription offer on behalf of the client must have an affidavit from the client confirming that they have not requested the use of this mechanism through another entity for that debt.

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For Importers of Services

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Importers of services can subscribe BOPREAL for up to the amount of the pending debt for their imports of services in which the provision or accrual of the service by the non-resident took place before December 12, 2023.

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The entity making the subscription offer on behalf of the client must have the documentation that supports the existence of the service, the amount owed as of the subscription date, and verify that all of the following conditions are met:

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| (i) | The obligation qualifies as a debt for service imports as indicated in the second paragraph of Section 13.1.2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations. |

| (ii) | The transaction is declared, if applicable, in the last overdue submission of the External Assets and Liabilities Survey. |

| (iii) | The client meets the supplementary requirements outlined in Sections 3.16.2 to 3.16.5 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations. |

| (iv) | The client provides an affidavit stating that the debt for which they are requesting subscription is pending payment and that they have not requested the use of this mechanism through another entity for this debt. |

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For Profits and Dividends of Non-Resident Shareholders Pending Payment or Already Received in Argentina

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When it comes to profits and dividends pending payment to non-residents as determined by the shareholders' meeting, clients can subscribe BOPREAL for up to the equivalent amount in local currency of the profits and dividends pending payment to non-resident shareholders as determined by the shareholders' meeting.

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The entity that makes the subscription offer on behalf of the client must verify compliance with the following requirements:

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| (i) | The entity has documentation to support that the outstanding debt corresponds to profits and dividends from closed and audited financial statements. |

| (ii) | The transaction is declared, if applicable, in the latest overdue submission of the External Assets and Liabilities Survey. |

| (iii) | The client meets the supplementary requirements outlined in Sections 3.16.2 to 3.16.5 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations. |

| (iv) | The client provides an affidavit stating that: |

| a. | The profits and dividends for which they are requesting subscription are pending payment; |

| b. | They have not requested the use of this mechanism from another entity for this debt, and |

| c. | They acknowledge that they will not have access to the Foreign Exchange Market to pay the equivalent of the debt for which they subscribed unless the payment is made via exchange and arbitrage with funds deposited in a local account, originating from the collection of capital and interest in foreign currency from the BOPREAL bonds. |

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Non-resident clients, for profits and dividends received since September 1, 2019, may subscribe BOPREAL for up to the equivalent amount in local currency of the profits and dividends received from that date, adjusted by the most recent Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) available at the time of subscription. The entity making the subscription offer on behalf of the client must verify compliance with the requirements outlined in Section 4.6.2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations.

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Complementary Provisions on BOPREAL

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Clients may, provided that the applicable requirements are met, access the Foreign Exchange Market through the execution of an exchange and/or arbitration with funds deposited in a local account, originating from the collection of capital and interest in foreign currency from BOPREAL bonds, to carry out the following transactions:

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| (i) | Payment of commercial debts for imports of goods with customs entry registration up to December 12, 2023, which were eligible according to the provisions of section (a) above. Payments made through the Local Currency System (the “LCS”) from the sale of funds deposited in a local account, originating from the collection of capital and interest in foreign currency from BOPREAL bonds, may also be considered under this section. |

| (ii) | Payment of commercial debts for imports of services rendered or accrued up to December 12, 2023, which were eligible according to the provisions of section (b) above. Payments made through the LCS from the sale of funds deposited in a local account, originating from the collection of capital and interest in foreign currency from BOPREAL bonds, may also be considered under this section. |

| (iii) | Payment of debts to non-resident shareholders for profits and dividends, which were eligible according to the provisions of the first paragraph of section (c) above. |

| (iv) | The repatriation of portfolio investments of non-residents originating from profits and dividends collected in Argentina since September 1, 2019, as determined by the shareholders' meeting based on closed and audited financial statements, |

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|  | which were eligible according to the provisions of the second paragraph of section (c) above. |

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Clients who have acquired BOPREAL bonds in primary bidding under the provisions of sections (a), (b), and the first paragraph of section (c) may execute sales of securities against a wire transfer to a third-party account abroad, provided that the requirements outlined in Section 4.3.2.3. of the Foreign Exchange Regulations are met, when selling the BOPREAL bonds acquired by the seller in the aforementioned primary biddings.

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They may also liquidate, under the conditions outlined in the previous paragraph, other sales of securities made from April 1, 2024, provided that the market value of these transactions does not exceed the difference between the amount obtained from the sale with settlement in foreign currency abroad of BOPREAL bonds acquired in primary bidding for eligible import debts of goods and services and their nominal value, should the former be lower.

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Section 4.7 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations sets forth a series of transactions that may be carried out by clients who acquired BOPREAL in primary bidding.

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In the event that a client has executed a sale with a repurchase obligation using BOPREAL bonds acquired in primary bidding, the following will apply:

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| 1) | The sale of the bonds at the origin of the transaction shall not be taken into account for the preparation of the affidavits stipulated in sections (c) and (d) of “General Requirements”; |

| 2) | The aforementioned sale will not entitle the client to carry out securities transactions based on the difference between the amount obtained from the sale and the nominal value of the BOPREAL bonds acquired in primary bidding for eligible import debts of goods and services. |

| 3) | Once the client has regained possession of the BOPREAL bonds, the securities will be subject to the same treatment as bonds acquired in primary bidding. |

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Repatriations of direct investments and other foreign currency purchases by non-residents

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Pursuant to Section 3. 13 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, prior approval from the Central Bank will be required for access to the Foreign Exchange Market for the repatriation of investments by non-residents and other foreign currency purchases by non-resident clients, except for the following transactions:

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| (i) | International organizations and institutions performing the functions of official credit agencies; |

| (ii) | Diplomatic and consular representations, and accredited diplomatic personnel in Argentina for transfers made in the exercise of their functions; |

| (iii) | Representations in Argentina of Courts, Authorities or Offices, Special Missions, Commissions, or Bilateral Bodies established by International Treaties or Agreements, in which Argentina is a party, to the extent that transfers are made in the exercise of their functions; |

| (iv) | Transfers abroad on behalf of individuals who are beneficiaries of pensions and/or retirements paid by the ANSES or other pension agencies and/or pension annuities as provided by Section 101 of Law No. 24,241, for up to the amount received for such concepts in the last 30 calendar days, provided that the transfer is made to a bank account in the beneficiary's registered country of residence |

| (v) | Purchase of foreign currency in cash by non-residents for tourism and travel expenses, up to a maximum amount of US$ 100, to the extent that the financial institution can verify in the online system implemented by the Central Bank that the customer has settled an amount equal to or greater than the amount to be purchased within the 90 days prior to the transaction; |

This transaction will become effective upon the registration of the client’s foreign currency sale with the Central Bank by the intermediary entity, in accordance with the established guidelines. It should be noted that transactions involving the framing of settlements during their validity, specifically those pertaining to securities on behalf of and for the account of non-resident tourists, will not be considered for the purposes of this section.

| (vi) | Transfers to bank accounts abroad of individuals for funds received in Argentina related to benefits granted by the Federal Government under Laws 24,043, 24,411, and 25,914 and related legislation; |

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| (vii) | Repatriations of direct investments by non-residents in companies that are not controlling entities of local financial institutions, provided that the capital contribution was entered and settled through the Foreign Exchange Market as from October 2, 2020, and the repatriation occurs at least 2 (two) years after the contribution. |

| (viii) | Repatriations of direct investments by non-residents in companies that are not controlling entities of local financial institutions, provided that the capital contribution was entered and settle through the Foreign Exchange Market as from April 21, 2025, and the repatriation occurs at least 180 days after the settlement of the contribution funds. |

| (ix) | Repatriation of direct investments by non-residents is permitted up to the amount of investment contributions entered and settled through the Foreign Exchange Market as of November 16, 2020, provided that all of the following conditions are met: (a) the destination of the funds has been the financing of projects framed within the Plan GasAr 2020-2024; (b) the entity has documentation proving the effective entry of the direct investment into the resident company; and (c) access occurs no earlier than two calendar years from the date of settlement in the Foreign Exchange Market of the transaction that allows for compliance with this section. |

| (x) | Repatriation of direct investments by non-residents in companies that are not controlling companies of local financial entities is permitted, provided that the relevant entity has obtained a “Certification for the Foreign Exchange Access Regimes for Incremental Oil and/or Natural Gas Production (Decree No. 277/22),” issued in accordance with the provisions of Section 3.17 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations. The repatriated amount must be equivalent to the original investment. |

| (xi) | Repatriations of portfolio investments by non-residents originating from profits and dividends collected in Argentina since September 1, 2019, from distributions determined by the shareholders’ meeting for closed and audited balances are permitted, provided that the transaction is carried out through an exchange and/or arbitration with funds deposited in a local account and originating from collections in foreign currency of principal or interest on BOPREAL bonds. |

| (xii) | Repatriations of direct investments by non-residents in companies through access by the resident who acquired their stake in a resident company, provided that: |

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| (a) | The access occurs simultaneously with the settlement of funds entered from abroad through External Financial Indebtedness or funds from a financial loan in foreign currency granted by a local financial institution from a credit line of a foreign financial institution, with a minimum average duration of 4 (four) years and at least 3 (three) years of grace for capital repayment; |

| (b) | The resident company whose capital is being transferred is in one of the following sectors: forestry industry, tourism, infrastructure, mining, technology, steel industry, energy, oil, and gas; and |

| (c) | The transaction involves the transfer of at least 10% (ten percent) of the resident company's capital. |

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If, at the time of access, the client does not have the documentation proving their possession of the capital stake being paid, they must submit an affidavit committing to present the documentation within 60 (sixty) calendar days of access to the Foreign Exchange Market.

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| (xiii) | Repatriations of direct investment contributions by non-residents in a VPU adhered to the RIGI under Section 14.2.3 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations. |

| (xiv) | Repatriation by non-residents of principal, returns, and proceeds from the sale of portfolio investments in instruments traded on local markets authorized by the CNV, as long as: (i) a local financial institution certifies that the investment was made with funds transferred into and settled through the Foreign Exchange Market on or after April 21, 2025; (ii) documentation is available evidencing that the amount for which access to the Foreign Exchange Market is sought does not exceed the income received and/or the actual proceeds from the sale of the investment; and (iii) the repatriation takes place no less than 180 days after the settlement of the relevant funds. If the income from services or the proceeds from the sale of the investment are received in foreign currency, the repatriation may be carried out for up to the equivalent amount received. |

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Access to the Foreign Exchange Market by individuals

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Financial institutions may grant resident individuals access to the foreign exchange market, without prior authorization from the Central Bank, for the purchase of foreign currency in cash for holding purposes or for the establishment of deposits, provided that all of the following requirements are met:

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| (i) | The transaction must be processed through a debit from the customer's account at local financial institutions, or if the customer uses local currency in cash, the total amount in local currency may not exceed the equivalent of US$ 100 per calendar month, across all financial institutions and for all specified concepts. |

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If the customer opts to use cash in local currency, the institution must obtain an affidavit from the customer affirming compliance with the aforementioned requirement.

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| (ii) | The selling institution must either deliver the foreign currency in cash to the customer or credit the funds to a foreign currency account held by the customer at a local financial institution or to a bank account held by the customer abroad, as applicable. |

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| (iii) | The institution must have recorded the transaction in the online system implemented for this purpose by the Central Bank. |

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| (iv) | In all cases, the institution must obtain evidence that the customer has income and/or assets consistent with savings in foreign currency. |

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Access to the Foreign Exchange Market by guarantee trusts for the payment of principal and interest

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Pursuant to Section 3.7 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, Argentine guarantee trusts created to guarantee principal and interest payments of resident debtors may access the Foreign Exchange Market to make such payments at their scheduled maturity, to the extent that, in accordance with the applicable regulations in force, the debtor would have had access to the Foreign Exchange Market to make such payments directly.

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Access to the Foreign Exchange Market by other residents -excluding entities- for the formation of foreign assets and for derivative transactions

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Pursuant to Section 3.10 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, access to the Foreign Exchange Market for the constitution of foreign assets and for derivative transactions by legal entities that are not authorized to operate in the foreign exchange market, local governments, mutual funds, or other entities established in Argentina, requires prior authorization from the Central Bank.

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Financial derivative transactions

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Entities may grant access to the Foreign Exchange Market for the payment of premiums, the establishment of guarantees, and the settlement of obligations arising from interest rate hedge contracts for residents’ obligations with foreign parties, which have been declared and validated, where applicable, in the External Assets and Liabilities Survey, provided that the risks covered do not exceed the external liabilities actually registered by the debtor in the interest rate whose risk is being hedged through the contracts.

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The client accessing the Foreign Exchange Market through this mechanism must designate an entity to monitor the transaction and provide an affidavit committing to deposit and settle any funds due to the local client as a result of the transaction or the release of the funds from the established guarantees, within five (5) business days.

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Other financial derivative transactions for residents that are not entities authorized to operate in the foreign exchange market shall be governed by the provisions of Sections 3.8 and 3.10 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, as applicable.

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All settlements of futures transactions on regulated markets, forwards, options, and any other type of derivative contracts entered into within Argentina by entities from September 11, 2019, onwards must be conducted in local currency.

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Profit and dividend payment

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Pursuant to Section 3.4 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, access to the Foreign Exchange Market for the transfer of foreign currency abroad for the payment of dividends and profits to non-resident shareholders is subject to the prior approval of the Central Bank, unless the following requirements are met:

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| 1) | The profits and dividends must correspond to closed and audited balance sheets. |

| 2) | The total amount paid to non-resident shareholders shall not exceed the amount in Argentine pesos that correspond according to the distribution determined by the shareholders’ meeting. |

| 3) | If applicable, the External Assets and Liabilities Survey must have been complied with for the transactions involved. |

| 4) | The company falls within one of the following situations and fulfills all the conditions stipulated in each case: |

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| (a) | Records direct investment contributions settled as of January 17, 2020. In which case, (i) the total amount of transfers made in the Foreign Exchange Market for the payment of dividends to non-resident shareholders may not exceed 30% of the total value of the capital contributions made in the relevant local company that have entered and been settled through the Foreign Exchange Market as of January 17, 2020, (ii) access will only be granted after the expiration of a term of not less than 30 calendar days as from the settlement date of the last capital contribution taken into account to determine the aforementioned 30% capital cap, and (iii) the definitive capitalization of the capital contributions must be accredited or, failing that, the filing of the registration procedure of the capital contribution with the Public Registry must be evidenced. In this case, the accreditation of the definitive capitalization must be made within 365 calendar days following the date of the initial filing with the Public Registry. |

| (b) | Profits generated in projects under the Plan GasAr 2020-2024. In this case, (i) the profits generated by the foreign direct investment contributions entered and settled through the Foreign Exchange Market as from November 16, 2020, destined to the financing of projects framed within the Plan GasAr 2020-2024. If the client is a direct beneficiary of Decree No. 277/2022, the value of the benefits of the decree used by the client, directly or indirectly, shall be deducted from the amount allowed in the preceding paragraph, (ii) the access to the Foreign Exchange Market occurs no earlier than two years from the date of settlement in the Foreign Exchange Market of the contribution that allows the framing in this section, and (iii) the client must submit the documentation supporting the definitive capitalization of the contribution. |

| (c) | The client must have a Certification of Increased Exports of Goods for the years 2021 to 2023, issued in accordance with Section 3.18 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, for the equivalent value of the profits and dividends being paid. |

| (d) | It has a “Certification for the Foreign Exchange Access Regimes for Incremental Oil and/or Natural Gas Production (Decree No. 277/22)” issued under the provisions of section 3.17. of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, for the equivalent value of the profits and dividends being paid. |

| (e) | The client engages in an exchange and/or arbitration transaction with funds deposited in a local account and originating from collections in foreign currency of principal or interest on BOPREAL. |

| (f) | The client is a VPU adhered to the RIGI and the profits correspond to foreign direct investment contributions that fall under Section 14.2.2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, the client must present documentation that supports the definitive capitalization of the contribution. In this case, the client must present documentation that supports the definitive capitalization of the contribution. |

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In accordance with the terms of Communication “A” 8226, financial institutions are authorized to grant clients access to the Foreign Exchange Market to remit foreign currency abroad as profits and dividends to non-resident shareholders, pursuant to the aforementioned Section 3.4 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, provided such distributions arise from distributable earnings based on net income reported in regular, audited annual financial statements for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2025.

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Other specific pr ovisions

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Swap and arbitrage transactions

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Financial institutions may carry out foreign exchange swap and arbitrage transactions not associated with the inflow of foreign currency from abroad in the following cases with their clients:

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(i) | An individual transfers funds from his local accounts (which are already in foreign currency) to his own bank accounts outside of Argentina. |

(ii) | The transfer of foreign currency abroad by local common depositaries of marketable securities in connection with income received in foreign currency on account of principal and interest services on Argentine Treasury bonds or Central Bank bonds when such transaction is part of the payment procedure at the request of foreign common depositaries. |

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(iii)Transfers of foreign currency abroad to make payments for imports of goods and services under Sections 10.10.2.12., 10.10.2.13., and 13.3.9. of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, from foreign currency funds deposited in local financial institutions.

(iv) | Arbitrage transactions not originating in transfers from abroad may be carried out without any restriction, to the extent that the funds are debited from a foreign currency account held by the customer with a local financial institution. To the extent that the funds are not debited from a foreign currency account held by the customer, these transactions may be carried out by individuals, without the prior approval of the Central Bank, up to the amount allowed for the use of cash under Sections 3.8. and 3.13 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations. |

(v) | Exchange and arbitrage transactions with funds deposited in a local account and originating from capital and interest payments in foreign currency from BOPREAL bonds, provided that the applicable requirements are met, intended for: (a) Payment of commercial debts for imports of goods with customs entry registration up to December 12, 2023, eligible under Section 4.4 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations; (b) Payment of commercial debts for services rendered or accrued up to December 12, 2023, eligible under Section 4.5 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations; (c) Payment of debts with non-resident shareholders for eligible profits and dividends under Section 4.6.1 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations; (d) Repatriation of portfolio investments of non-residents originating from profits and dividends received in Argentina since September 1, 2019, from the distribution determined by the shareholders' meeting based on closed and audited financial statements, eligible under Section 4.6.2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations. |

(vi) | Transfer of foreign currency abroad by a local government from its foreign currency holdings deposited in local financial entities, including those constituting a surplus as provided in Section 3.16.2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, is permitted provided that the regulatory requirements applicable to the type of transaction to be carried out in the case that it is processed against Argentine pesos are met. |

(vii)All other exchange and arbitrage transactions may be conducted by clients without the prior approval of the Central Bank, provided that, when executed as individual transactions involving Argentine pesos, they can be carried out without such approval in accordance with the applicable Foreign Exchange Regulations. This also applies to local custodians of securities regarding foreign currency income received as payments of principal and interest on foreign currency securities paid in Argentina.

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If the transfer is made in the same currency in which the account is denominated, the financial institution will credit or debit the same amount as that received or sent from abroad. When the financial institution charges a commission or fee for these transactions, it will be instrumented in a specifically designated Section.

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Securities transactions

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CNV Rules establish a minimum holding period of 1 business day counted as of its accreditation at the Central Depository Agent of Negotiable Securities (Agente Depositario Central de Valores Negociables) applicable only to clients who are not considered resident individuals in Argentina for:

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| (a) | sales of securities with settlement in foreign currency, regardless of jurisdiction or issuance law, to the extent that the purchase of said securities has been made with Argentine pesos; |

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| (b) | transfers of securities acquired with settlement in local currency to foreign depository entities, regardless of their issuance law, unless their accreditation (i) results from a primary placement of securities issued by the National Treasury or by BOPREAL issued by the Central Bank, (ii) refers to transactions under section 3.16.3.6(v) and the second paragraph of section 4.7.2 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations, or (iii) refers to Argentine shares and/or CEDEARs traded in markets regulated by the CNV. |

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| (c) | applying securities from foreign depository entities to transactions with settlement in foreign currency. |

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Intermediaries and trading agents must verify compliance with the aforementioned minimum holding periods.

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Transfers of securities to foreign depositary entities made by the client for the purpose of participating in a debt securities exchange issued by the Argentine government, local governments, or resident private sector issuers are not included in the aforementioned provisions. The client must present the corresponding certification for the exchanged debt securities.

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Pursuant to currently applicable CNV Rules, prior to executing or registering any of the securities trade set forth in Sections 3.16.3.1. and 3.16.3.2. of the Foreign Exchange Regulations in CNV-authorized markets, local brokers must:

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| (a) | if the trade is to be performed by non-resident clients that do not qualify as foreign brokers: (i) ensure that the trades are for such client’s own portfolio and financed with its own funds, and (ii) ensure the trades do not exceed Ps. 200 million per day; |

| (b) | if the trade is to be performed by non-resident clients that qualify as foreign brokers, whether acting for their own portfolio or on behalf of Argentine clients, ensure that the trades do not exceed Ps. 200 million per client per day. If the foreign broker is acting as a depositary of shares issued by local issuers and carries out the trade for purposes of paying dividends to holders of ADRs, GDRs or similar certificates held in custody abroad, it is not subject to this requirement; |

| (c) | if the trade is to be performed by resident clients, acting on behalf of resident or non-resident third parties, ensure that the trades do not exceed Ps. 200 million per client per day; and |

| (d) | if the trade is to be performed by resident clients acting for their own portfolio and financed with their own funds, the above-mentioned daily trading limit does not apply. |

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The aforementioned trade restrictions do not apply to BOPREAL acquired in primary bidding and to the sale of securities with settlement in foreign currency and in the local jurisdiction previously acquired in Argentine pesos by individual or corporate resident clients with funds from UVA mortgage loans. These clients must be granted the funds by financial entities authorized to act as such under terms of Law No. 21,526. Furthermore, the proceeds from these sales must be applied to the purchase of real estate in Argentina within the framework of the aforementioned credits.

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Communication “A” 8099 - RIGI

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Communication “A” 8099 of the Central Bank establishes the regulations pertaining to the foreign exchange benefits for VPU that have adhered to the RIGI. The Central Bank has established:

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(i) |  | exceptions to the mandatory inflow and settlement of export proceeds in foreign currency made by a VPU adhering to the RIGI. |

(ii) |  | exceptions to the mandatory inflow and settlement of foreign currency arising from export of services. |

(iii) |  | access to the Foreign Exchange Market to make payments of certain expenses; |

(iv) |  | access to the Foreign Exchange Market to make payments of dividends to non-resident shareholders |

(v) |  | application abroad of proceeds from exports of goods; and |

(vi) |  | exchange stability applicable to the VPU on the date of adherence to the RIGI. |

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Central Bank information regimes

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External Assets and Liabilities Survey

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On December 28, 2017, the Central Bank replaced the information regimes established in Communications “A” 3602 and “A” 4237 with Communication “A” 6401 (and the complementary Communication “A” 6795), a unified regime applicable from December 31, 2017 (the “External Assets and Liabilities Survey”). The reporting requirements under the information regime are contingent upon the final balance of foreign assets and liabilities:

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| ● | For individuals or entities whose balance, acquisition, or sale of external assets and liabilities at the end of a given calendar year is equal to or exceeds the equivalent of US$ 50 million, a quarterly declaration prior to the end of each quarter and an annual declaration, which permits the correction, affirmation, or update of quarterly declarations, must be filed. |

| ● | For individuals or entities whose balance, acquisition, or sale of external assets and liabilities at the conclusion of a given calendar year exceeds US$ 10 million but does not exceed US$ 50 million, an annual declaration is the sole requisite form of compliance. |

| ● | For individuals or entities whose balance, acquisition, or sale of external assets and liabilities at the conclusion of a specified calendar year exceeds US$ 1 million but does not exceed US$ 10 million, a streamlined annual declaration is the sole requisite documentation. |

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Individuals or entities for whom the balance or acquisition or sale of foreign assets and liabilities at the end of a given calendar year is less than US$ 1 million are exempt from reporting obligations.

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Access to the Foreign Exchange Market for the repayment of foreign financial debt and other transactions is contingent upon the debtor’s compliance with the External Assets and Liabilities Survey. See “—Specific provisions on outflows through the Foreign Exchange Market— Payments for debt securities subscribed abroad and external financial indebtedness with foreign entities.”

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Advance Notice of Foreign Exchange Operations

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Entities authorized to operate with foreign currency are obliged to provide the Central Bank with information on outgoing transactions through the Foreign Exchange Market for daily amounts equal to or greater than the equivalent of US$ 100,000. This information must be provided at the end of each business day and with two business days’ notice. Clients are obliged to inform financial entities in advance, so that they can comply with the requirements of this information regime. Consequently, as long as the other requirements established in the Foreign Exchange Regulations are simultaneously met, they can process foreign exchange transactions.

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Criminal Foreign Exchange Regulations

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The Foreign Exchange Regulations establishes that transactions that do not comply with the exchange regulations established by the Foreign Exchange Regulations will be subject to the Criminal Foreign Exchange Regulations (Law No. 19,359 and amendments).

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For further information on the exchange control restrictions and regulations in force, you should consult your legal advisors and read the applicable rules mentioned in this document, as well as their amendments and complementary regulations, which are available on the website: https://www.infoleg.gob.ar/ or on the Central Bank’s website: https://www.bcra.gob.ar/, as applicable. The information contained in these websites is not part of this annual report and is not deemed to be incorporated herein.

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Item 10.ETaxation

The following discussion contains a description of the principal Argentine and United States federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our Class B shares or ADSs. It does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all the tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to purchase our Class B shares or ADSs, it is not applicable to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special rules, and it does not specifically address all of the Argentine and United States federal income tax considerations applicable to any particular holder. This discussion is based upon the tax laws of Argentina and the regulations thereunder and the tax laws of the United States and the regulations thereunder as in effect on the date of this annual report, which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect, and to differing interpretations. Each prospective purchaser is urged to consult its own tax advisor about the particular Argentine and United States federal income tax consequences to it of an investment in our Class B shares or ADSs. This discussion is also based upon the representations of the Depositary and on the assumption that each obligation set forth in the deposit agreement among us, the Depositary and the registered holders and beneficial owners of the ADSs, and any related documents, will be performed in accordance with its terms.

Material Argentine Tax Considerations

The following discussion is a summary of the material Argentine tax considerations relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of our Class B shares or ADSs. The following summary is based upon tax laws of Argentina as in effect on the date of this document and is subject to any change in Argentine law that may come into effect after such date, which change could apply retroactively and could affect the continued validity of this summary.

This summary includes the modifications under the mentioned regulations, nevertheless, please note it does not include all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to you or your situation, particularly if you are subject to special tax rules.

This summary is not intended to provide a comprehensive description of all the Argentine tax considerations that may be relevant to a holder of our Class B shares or ADSs. No assurance can be given that the courts or tax authorities responsible for the

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administration of the laws and regulations described in this report will agree with the interpretations outlined herein. In this regard, it is important to highlight that, despite the issuance of the aforementioned regulations, further rules and clarifications may be issued in the near future. At present, it remains uncertain how the recent modifications incorporated to the Argentine tax regime will be applied and/or construed by the tax authorities of Argentina. Holders are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the tax treatment of our Class B shares or ADSs in light of their particular situation.

Income Tax

Taxation on Dividends

According to the Argentine Income Tax Law (“ITL”), taxation applicable on the distribution of dividends from Argentine companies would be as follows:

| (i) | Dividends originated in profits obtained during tax periods beginning up to December 31, 2017, whether disbursed in cash, property or other equity securities: no Argentine income tax withholding would apply on dividend distributions except for the application of the “Equalization Tax.” The Equalization Tax is applicable when the dividends distributed are higher than the “net accumulated taxable income” of the immediate previous fiscal period from when the distribution is made. To determine the “net accumulated taxable income” from the income calculated by the ITL, the income tax paid in the same fiscal period should be subtracted and the local dividends received in the previous fiscal period should be added to such income. The Equalization Tax would be imposed as a 35% withholding tax on the shareholder receiving the dividend. Dividend distributions made in property (other than cash) would be subject to the same tax rules as cash dividends. Stock dividends on fully paid shares (“acciones liberadas”) are not subject to Equalization Tax.

| (ii) | Dividends on Argentine shares originated in profits obtained during fiscal years initiated on or after January 1, 2018, and paid to Argentine resident individuals and/or non-Argentine residents would be subject to a 7% income tax withholding on the amount of such dividends (“Dividend Tax”). However, if dividends are distributed to “Argentine Entities” (in general, entities organized or incorporated under Argentine law, certain traders and intermediaries, local branches of non-Argentine entities, sole proprietorships and individuals carrying on certain commercial activities in Argentina) no Dividend Tax should apply. Equalization Tax is not applicable.

For Argentine individuals and undivided estates not registered before the Argentine tax authorities as taxpayers for income tax purposes, as well as for non-Argentine residents, the Dividend Tax withholding will be considered a final payment.

The ITL provides a first in-first out rule pursuant to which distributed dividends correspond to the former accumulated profits of the distributing company.

Holders are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the particular Argentine income tax consequences derived from profit distributions made on Class B shares and ADSs.

Capital gains tax

According to income tax regulations, the results derived from the transfer of shares, quotas and other equity interests, titles, bonds and other securities, are subject to Argentine income tax (unless an exemption applies), regardless of the type of beneficiary who realizes the gain.

Capital gains obtained by Argentine Entities derived from the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares in Argentine entities are subject to income tax on the net income at a progressive tax rate system (set from 25% to 35% depending on the net accumulated taxable income). The applicable scales for fiscal periods commencing on or after January 1, 2025, are as follows: (i) net taxable income accumulated up to Ps.101,679,575.26 will be subject to a rate of 25%; (ii) net taxable income accumulated over Ps.101,679,575.26 up to Ps.1,016,795,752.62 will incur a payment of Ps. 25,419,893.82 plus 30% on the excess over Ps. 101,679,575.26; and (iii) net taxable income accumulated over Ps.1,016,795,752.62 will be subject to a payment of Ps. 299,954,747.02 plus 35% on the excess over Ps. 1,016,795,752.62. The amounts stated above are annually updated based on an inflation index.

Losses arising from the sale of shares can only be offset against income derived from the same type and source of operations, for a five-year carryover period.

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Income obtained by Argentine resident individuals and undivided estates located in Argentina from the sale of shares and other securities are exempt from capital gains tax in the following cases: (i) shares placed through a CNV- authorized public offering; and/or (ii) shares traded on CNV- authorized stock markets with segments ensuring priority of price-time and interference of offers; and/or (iii) the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares through CNV-authorized tender offer regimes and/or share exchanges.

In addition, since tax period 2020, in the case of securities under the provisions of Section 98 of the ITL, not included in the first paragraph of Section 26 subsection u) of the ITL, Argentine resident individuals and undivided estates located in Argentina are exempt from capital gains tax derived from their sale, exchange, or disposal to the extent said securities are listed on stock exchanges or securities markets authorized by the CNV, without being applicable the provisions of Section 109 of the ITL. In this sense, Section 109 of the ITL provides that the total or partial exemptions established or that will be established in the future by special laws regarding securities, issued by the national, provincial, or municipal States or the City of Buenos Aires, will not have effects on income tax for Argentine resident individuals and undivided estates located in Argentina. ADSs would not qualify for the exemption applicable to Argentine resident individuals since the referred conditions would not apply.

If the exemptions do not apply, the income derived by Argentine resident individuals and undivided estates located in Argentina from the sale, exchange or other disposition of ADSs (and shares, if applicable) is subject to income capital gains tax at a 15% rate on net income calculated in Argentine currency. The acquisition cost may be updated pursuant to the IPC inflationary index rate to the extent the equity participation was acquired after January 1, 2018. Losses arising from the sale of non-exempt Argentine shares can only be offset by Argentine individuals and undivided estates located in Argentina against income derived from operations of the same source and type (understanding by “type” the different concepts of income included under each article of Chapter II, Title IV of the Income Tax Law), for a five-year carryover period.

If Argentine resident individuals and undivided estates located in Argentina perform a conversion procedure of securities representing shares, that do not meet the exemption requirements stated in the conditions mentioned in points (i), (ii) and (iii) of the paragraph above, with the intention to hold instead the underlying shares that do comply with said requirements, such conversion would be considered a taxable transfer of the securities representing shares for which the fair market value by the time the conversion takes place should be considered. The same tax treatment will apply if the conversion process involves shares that do not meet the exemption requirements stated above that are converted into securities representing shares to which the exemption is applicable.

Once the underlying shares or securities representing shares are converted, the results obtained from the sale, exchange, swap or any other disposition thereof would be exempt from income tax provided that the conditions mentioned in points (i), (ii) and (iii) of the paragraph above are satisfied.

In light of amendments introduced by Law No. 27,541, it could also be construed that a capital gains exemption could also apply for Argentine resident individuals and undivided estates located in Argentina if the securities involved in the conversion process are listed on stock exchanges or securities markets authorized by the CNV (although the matter is not free from doubt and further clarifications should be issued).

As from 2018, non-Argentine resident individuals or legal entities (“Foreign Beneficiaries”) are also exempt from income tax derived from the sale of Argentine shares in the following cases: (i) when the shares are placed through a public offering authorized by the CNV; and/or (ii) when the shares are traded on CNV- authorized stock markets, under segments that ensure priority of price- time and interference of offers; and/or (iii) when the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares is made through a tender offer regime and/or exchange of shares authorized by the CNV. The applicable exemption on the sale of Argentine shares will proceed as long as the Foreign Beneficiary does not reside nor do the funds originate from “non-cooperative jurisdictions” (as defined below) and, in accordance with Section 90 of the Regulatory Decree of the Income Tax Law (RD ITL).

Income derived from the sale of ADSs is deemed as Argentine source income.

Capital gains obtained from the sale, exchange or other disposition of ADSs by Foreign Beneficiaries that reside in jurisdictions that are not considered “non-cooperative jurisdictions” and, in accordance with Section 90 of the RD ITL, whose funds do not originate from jurisdictions considered “non-cooperative jurisdictions”, are exempt from income tax on capital gains derived from the sale of ADSs to the extent the underlying shares are authorized for public offering by the CNV.

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In case Foreign Beneficiaries conduct a conversion process of shares that do not meet the exemption requirements, into securities representing shares that are exempt from income tax pursuant to the conditions stated above, such conversion would be considered a taxable transfer for which the fair market value by the time the conversion takes place should be considered.

In case the exemption is not applicable, and the Foreign Beneficiaries are not resident in, nor are their invested funds originated in, non-cooperative jurisdictions, the gain derived from the disposition of ADSs would be subject to Argentine income tax at a 15% rate on the net capital gain or at a 13.5% effective rate on the gross price.

For Foreign Beneficiaries resident in or whose funds come from jurisdictions considered as non-cooperative for purposes of fiscal transparency, the tax rate applicable to the sales of shares and/or ADSs is assessed at 35% rate applicable on a presumed net gain basis set at 90%. General Resolution (AFIP) No 4,227/2018 also provides different payment mechanisms depending on the specific circumstances of the sale transaction. In line with Section 252 of the RD ITL, in the cases included in the last paragraph of Section 98 of the ITL (i.e., when the acquirer and the seller of the security involved are non-Argentine residents), the tax shall be paid by the foreign seller directly through the mechanism established for such purpose by the tax authorities, or (i) through an Argentine individual resident with sufficient mandate or (ii) by the foreign seller’s legal representative domiciled in Argentina.

Holders are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the particular Argentine income tax consequences derived from holding and disposing of Class B shares and ADSs and whether any different treatment under a treaty to avoid double taxation could apply.

Tax treaties

Argentina has signed tax treaties for the avoidance of double taxation with Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Qatar, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and Uruguay. The treaties signed with Luxembourg, Turkey and Austria are still undergoing the respective ratification procedures. There is currently no tax treaty for the avoidance of double taxation in effect between Argentina and the United States. Since January 2021 an international administrative agreement for the exchange of information between ARCA and the IRS has been in force.

Additionally, it should be noted that a legislative bill has undergone parliamentary consideration, approving the “Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting,” signed within the framework of the OECD. The approval of this bill will result in modifications to the agreements signed with 17 jurisdictions.

It is not clear when, if ever, a treaty and/or multilateral instrument with the United States will be ratified or entered into effect. As a result, the Argentine tax consequences described in this section will apply, without modification, to a holder of our Class B shares or ADSs that is a U.S. resident. Foreign shareholders located in certain jurisdictions with a tax treaty in force with Argentina may be (i) exempted from the payment of the personal assets tax and (ii) entitled to apply for reduced withholding tax rates on payments to be made by Argentine parties if certain conditions are met.

Holders are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the potential application of the provisions of a treaty in their specific circumstances.

Personal assets tax

Argentine entities must pay the personal assets tax corresponding to Argentine and foreign resident individuals and foreign resident entities for the holding of company shares by December 31 of each year. For tax period 2019, inclusive, and onwards the applicable tax rate is 0.50% and is levied on the proportional net worth value (“valor patrimonial proporcional”) by December 31st of each year, of the shares arising from the last balance sheet. Pursuant to the Personal Assets Tax Law, the Argentine company is entitled to seek reimbursement of such paid tax from the applicable Argentine resident individuals and/or foreign resident shareholders. The Argentine company may seek this reimbursement of Personal Assets Tax by setting off the applicable tax against any amount due to its shareholders or in any other way or, under certain circumstances, waive its right under Argentine law to seek reimbursement from the shareholders.

Holders are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the particular Argentine personal assets tax consequences derived from the holding of Class B shares and ADSs.

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Value added tax

The sale, exchange or other disposition of our Class B shares or ADSs and the distribution of dividends are exempted from the value added tax.

Tax on debits and credits on Argentine bank accounts

All credits and debits originated in bank accounts held at Argentine financial institutions, as well as certain cash payments, are subject to this tax, which is assessed at a general rate of 0.6%. There are also increased rates of 1.2% and reduced rates of 0.075%. The applicable rate of tax on debits and credits on Argentine bank accounts (the “TDC”) is doubled for certain cash withdrawals made by certain Argentine legal entities.

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Owners of bank accounts subject to the general 0.6% rate, as well as those subject to the 1.2% rate, may consider 33% of all tax paid as a credit against specific taxes. Such amounts can be utilized as a credit for income tax or for the special contributions on cooperatives capital. The remaining amount is deductible for income tax purposes. If lower rates were applied, the available credit would be reduced to 20%. Additionally, 100% of the tax paid may be considered as credit against income tax by entities that are characterized as “micro” and “small” and 60% of the tax paid may be considered as credit against income tax by those entities related to the manufacturing industry that are characterized as “medium- stage 1-” by means of section 1 of Law No. 25,300 and its complementary ones.

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TDC has certain exemptions. Debits and credits in special checking accounts (created under Communication “A” 3250 of the Argentine Central Bank) are exempted from this tax if the accounts are held by foreign legal entities and if they are exclusively used for financial investments in Argentina. For certain exemptions and/or tax rate reductions to apply, bank accounts must be registered with the Tax Authority (AFIP-DGI) in accordance with General Resolution (AFIP) No.3900/2016.

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Whenever financial institutions governed by Law No. 21,526 make payments acting in their own name and behalf, the application of this tax is restricted to certain specific transactions. Such specific transactions include, among others, dividends or profits distributions.

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TDC exemptions foreseen in Decree No. 380/2001 and other regulations of the same nature shall not be applicable in those cases where cash payments are related to the purchase, sale, exchange, intermediation and/or any other type of operation on crypto assets, cryptocurrencies, digital currencies or similar instruments, in the terms defined by the applicable rules.

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By means of Law 27,702 (B.O. 11/30/2022), the validity of the Income Tax, Personal Assets Tax and TDC were extended until December 31, 2027.

Gross turnover tax

This tax is a local tax, which is also levied in the City of Buenos Aires, applicable to gross revenues resulting from the regular and onerous exercise of commerce, industry, profession, business, services or any other onerous activity conducted on a regular basis within the respective Argentine jurisdiction. Each of the provinces and the City of Buenos Aires apply different tax rates depending on the type of activity.

In addition, gross turnover tax could be applicable on the transfer of Class B shares or ADSs and on the perception of dividends to the extent, such activity is conducted on a regular basis within an Argentine province or within the City of Buenos Aires. Under the Tax Code of the City of Buenos Aires, any transaction with shares as well as the perception of dividends are exempt from gross turnover tax.

Holders of Class B shares and ADSs are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the particular gross turnover tax consequences of holding and disposing of Class B shares and ADSs in the involved jurisdictions.

Regimes for the Collection of Provincial Tax Revenues on the Amounts Credited to Bank Accounts

Different tax authorities (i.e., City of Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Córdoba, Tucumán, Province of Buenos Aires and Salta, among others) have established collection regimes for gross turnover tax purposes applicable to those credits verified in accounts opened at

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financial entities, of any type and/or nature and including all branch offices, irrespective of territorial location. These regimes apply to those taxpayers included in the lists provided monthly by the tax authorities of each jurisdiction. The applicable rates may vary depending on the jurisdiction involved. Collections made under these regimes shall be considered as a payment on account of the gross turnover tax. Note that certain jurisdictions have excluded the application of these regimes on certain financial transactions. Holders of Class B shares and ADSs shall corroborate the existence of any exclusions to these regimes in accordance with the jurisdiction involved.

Stamp tax

Stamp tax is a local tax, which is also levied in the City of Buenos Aires, applicable to the execution of onerous transactions within an Argentine provincial jurisdiction or the City of Buenos Aires or outside an Argentine provincial jurisdiction or the City of Buenos Aires but with effects in such jurisdiction. In the City of Buenos Aires, acts or instruments related to the negotiation of shares and other securities duly authorized for its public offering by the CNV are exempt from stamp tax to the extent their placement is made within a 180-days term counting as from when such authorization is granted.

Holders of Class B shares and ADSs are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the particular stamp tax consequences arising in the involved jurisdictions.

Prospective investors should consider the tax consequences in force in the above-mentioned jurisdictions at the time the concerned document is executed and/or becomes effective.

Other taxes

There are no federal inheritance or succession taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of our Class B shares or ADSs. At the provincial level, the province of Buenos Aires imposes a tax on free transmission of assets, including inheritance, legacies, donations, etc. For tax period 2025, any gratuitous transfer of property lower than or equal to Ps.2,038,752 is exempt. This amount is increased to Ps.8,488,486 in the case of transfers among parents, sons, daughters and spouses. The amount to be taxed, which includes a fixed component and a variable component that is based on differential rates (which range from 1.6026% to 9.5131%), varies according to the property value to be transferred and the degree of kinship of the parties involved. Free transmission of Class B shares or ADSs could be subject to this tax. Holders of Class B shares and ADSs are encouraged to consult a tax advisor as to the tax consequences arising in the involved jurisdictions.

Court tax

In the event that it becomes necessary to institute enforcement proceedings in relation to our Class B shares and ADSs in the federal courts of Argentina or the courts sitting in the City of Buenos Aires, a court tax (currently at a rate of 3.0%) will be imposed on the amount of any claim brought before such courts. Certain court and other taxes could be imposed on the amount of any claim brought before the Province courts.

Incoming Funds Arising from Non-Cooperative or Low or Nil Tax Jurisdictions

According to Section 82 of the Law No. 27,430, for fiscal purposes, any reference to “low tax or no tax countries” or “non-cooperative countries” should be understood to be “non-cooperative jurisdictions or low or nil tax jurisdictions,” as defined in Section 19 and Section 20 of the ITL.

As defined under Section 19 of the ITL, “non-cooperative jurisdictions” are those countries or jurisdictions that do not have an agreement in force with the Argentine government for the exchange of information on tax matters or a treaty to avoid international double taxation with a broad clause for the exchange of information. Likewise, those countries that, having an agreement of this type in force, do not effectively comply with the exchange of information will also be considered as non-cooperative. The aforementioned treaties and agreements must comply with international standards of transparency and exchange of information on fiscal matters to which the Argentine Republic has committed. The Executive Branch published a list of the non-cooperative jurisdictions based on the criteria above. In this sense, Section 24 of the RD ITL lists the jurisdictions that should be considered as “non-cooperative” under the disposition of Section 19 of the ITL.

In turn, “low or nil tax jurisdictions” are defined as those countries, domains, jurisdictions, territories, associated states or special tax regimes in which the maximum corporate income tax rate is lower than 60% of the minimum corporate income tax rate

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established in the first paragraph of Section 73 of the ITL. In light of Section 25 of the RD ITL, for purposes of determining the taxation level referred to in Article 20 of the ITL, the aggregate corporate tax rate in each jurisdiction, regardless of the governmental level in which the taxes were levied must be considered. In turn, “special tax regime” is understood as any regulation or specific scheme that departs from the general corporate tax regime applicable in said country and results in an effective rate below that stated under the general regime.

According to the legal presumption under Section 18.2 of Law No. 11,683, as amended, incoming funds from non-cooperative or low or nil jurisdictions could be deemed unjustified net worth increases for the Argentine party, no matter the nature of the operation involved. Unjustified net worth increases are subject to the following taxes:

| ● | income tax would be assessed at 110% of the amount of funds transferred.

| ● | VAT and Excise Tax (if any) would be assessed at 110% of the amount of funds transferred.

Although the concept of “incoming funds” is not clear, it should be construed as any transfer of funds:

| (i) | from an account in a non-cooperative/low or nil tax jurisdiction or from a bank account opened outside of a non-cooperative or low or nil tax jurisdiction but owned by an entity located in a non-cooperative or low or nil tax jurisdiction;

| (ii) | to a bank account located in Argentina or to a bank account opened outside of Argentina but owned by an Argentine party.

The Argentine party may rebut such legal presumption by duly evidencing before the Argentine tax authority that the funds arise from activities effectively performed by the Argentine party or by a third party in such jurisdiction, or that such funds have been previously declared.

THE ABOVE SUMMARY IS NOT INTENDED TO BE A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF ALL TAX CONSEQUENCES RELATING TO THE OWNERSHIP OR DISPOSITION OF CLASS B SHARES OR ADSs. HOLDERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES ARISING IN EACH PARTICULAR CASE.

United States Federal Income Tax Considerations

This discussion describes certain U.S. federal income tax consequences for a U.S. holder (as defined below) of acquiring, owning and disposing of the Class B shares and ADSs (and to the extent provided under “Information Reporting and Backup Withholding” and “FATCA” below, investors other than U.S. holders). This discussion does not contain a detailed description of all potential U.S. federal income tax consequences and does not address the Medicare tax on net investment income, U.S. federal estate and gift taxes or the effects of any state, local or non-U.S. tax laws. In addition, this discussion does not apply to certain classes of holders, such as persons that own or are deemed to own 10% or more of the voting power or 10% or more of the total value of all classes of our stock, dealers in securities or currencies, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, traders that elect mark-to-market accounting for securities holdings, banks or other financial institutions, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (or a partner therein), persons who are liable for alternative minimum tax, persons who acquired the Class B shares or ADSs pursuant to the exercise of an employee stock option or otherwise as compensation, persons holding the Class B shares or ADSs in connection with a trade or business conducted outside of the United States, persons holding the Class B shares or ADSs as a position in a “straddle” or conversion transaction, or as part of a “synthetic security” or other integrated financial transaction, persons required to accelerate the recognition of any item of gross income with respect to the Class B shares or ADSs as a result of such income being recognized on an applicable financial statement, or U.S. holders that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, all of which may be subject to rules that differ significantly from those described below. This discussion assumes that the Class B shares and ADSs are held as “capital assets” for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

This discussion is based on the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“the Code”), Treasury regulations, administrative rulings and judicial authority, all as in effect as of this date. All of these laws and authorities are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. You should consult your own tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of the Class B shares and ADSs in light of your particular circumstances.

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For purposes of this summary, you are a U.S. holder if you are a beneficial owner of Class B shares or ADSs and you are, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, an individual citizen or resident of the United States, a U.S. domestic corporation, or otherwise subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis with respect to income from the Class B shares and ADSs.

In general, if you are the beneficial owner of ADSs, you will be treated as the beneficial owner of the Class B shares represented by those ADSs for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and no gain or loss will be recognized if you exchange an ADS for the Class B shares represented by that ADS.

Dividends

Subject to the discussion under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company” below, the gross amount of distributions paid with respect to the Class B shares or ADSs (including the amount of any Argentine taxes withheld), other than certain pro rata distributions of Class B shares or ADSs, will be treated as dividends to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Because we do not maintain calculations of earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles, it is expected that distributions generally will be reported to you as dividends. Any dividends you receive (including any withheld taxes) will be includable in your income on the date of your receipt of the dividend, or in the case of ADSs, the Depositary’s receipt of the dividend. Such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally available to U.S. corporations. Dividends paid in Pesos or other non-U.S. currency will be included in a U.S. holder’s income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of a U.S. holder’s receipt of the dividend, or in the case of ADSs, the Depositary’s receipt of the dividend, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. If such a dividend is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, you generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. If such a dividend is not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. holder generally will have a basis in the non-U.S. currency equal to its U.S. dollar value on that date. A U.S. holder generally will be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss realized on a subsequent conversion or other disposition of such currency, which will be treated as U.S.-source ordinary income or loss.

Dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. holders will generally be subject to taxation at reduced rates if the dividends are “qualified dividends.” Subject to applicable limitations (including a minimum holding period requirement), dividends paid on the ADSs will be treated as qualified dividends if (i) the ADSs are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States and (ii) we were not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and are not, in the year in which the dividend is paid, a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”) (see the discussion under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company” below).

Because the Class B shares are not themselves listed on a U.S. exchange, dividends received with respect to the Class B shares that are not represented by ADSs generally will not be treated as qualified dividends. U.S. holders of Class B shares or ADSs should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of the reduced dividend tax rate in the light of their own particular circumstances.

Dividends received by U.S. holders will generally constitute foreign-source income and “passive category” income for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. Subject to certain conditions and limitations (including a minimum holding period requirement) and the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations (as defined below), any Argentine tax withheld from dividends on the Class B shares or ADSs may be treated as a foreign income tax eligible for credit against a U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. However, Treasury regulations addressing foreign tax credits (the “Foreign Tax Credit Regulations”) impose additional requirements for foreign taxes to be eligible for a foreign tax credit, and there can be no assurance that those requirements will be satisfied. The Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) are considering proposing amendments to the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations. In addition, recent notices from the IRS provide temporary relief by allowing taxpayers that comply with applicable requirements to apply many aspects of the foreign tax credit regulations as they previously existed (before the release of the current Foreign Tax Credit Regulations) for taxable years ending before the date that a notice or other guidance withdrawing or modifying the temporary relief is issued (or any later date specified in such notice or other guidance). Any amounts withheld on account of the Argentine personal assets tax (as discussed in “—Material Argentine Tax Considerations”) will not be a foreign income tax eligible for credit against a U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. Instead of claiming a foreign tax credit, a U.S. holder may be able to deduct any Argentine tax withheld from dividends in computing such holder’s taxable income, subject to generally applicable limitations under U.S. law (including that a U.S. holder is not eligible for a deduction for otherwise creditable foreign income taxes paid or accrued in a taxable year if such U.S. holder claims a foreign tax credit for any foreign income taxes paid or accrued in the same taxable year). The rules with respect to foreign tax credits and deductions for foreign taxes are complex and U.S. holders are urged to consult their independent tax advisors regarding the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations (and the related temporary relief in the IRS notices) and the availability of the foreign tax credit or a deduction under their particular circumstances.

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Passive Foreign Investment Company

Based on the composition of our income and assets and the valuation of our assets, we do not believe we were a PFIC for 2024, although there can be no assurance in this regard.

In general, we will be a PFIC for any taxable year in which:

| ● | at least 75% of our gross income is passive income, or

| ● | at least 50% of the value (generally determined based on a quarterly average) of our assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income.

For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, cetain royalties and rent and gains from financial investments (other than certain income derived in the active conduct of a banking business as discussed below). In addition, cash and other assets readily convertible into cash are generally considered passive assets. If we own at least 25% (by value) of the stock of another corporation, for purposes of determining whether we are a PFIC, we will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the other corporation’s assets and receiving our proportionate share of the other corporation’s income.

Our determination with respect to our PFIC status is based in part upon certain proposed U.S. Treasury regulations. Those regulations and other administrative pronouncements from the IRS provide special rules for determining the character of income derived in the active conduct of a banking business for purposes of the PFIC rules. Specifically, these rules treat certain income earned by a non-U.S. corporation engaged in the active conduct of a banking business as non-passive income. Although we believe we are engaged in the active conduct of a banking business, the application of these special rules to our activities, and, thus, the characterization of some of our income and assets for purposes of the PFIC rules, is not entirely clear. Thus, there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with our determination with respect to our PFIC status. In addition, these special rules are subject to change in the future.

The determination of whether we are a PFIC is made annually. Accordingly, it is possible that we may become a PFIC in the current or any future taxable year due to changes in our asset or income composition. If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our Class B shares or ADSs, you will be subject to special tax rules discussed below.

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our Class B shares or ADSs and you do not make a timely mark-to-market election, as described below, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” received and any gain realized from a sale or other disposition, including a pledge, of such Class B shares or ADSs. Distributions received in a taxable year will be treated as excess distributions to the extent that they are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the Class B shares or ADSs. Under these special tax rules:

| ● | the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the Class B shares or ADSs,

| ● | the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and

| ● | the amount allocated to each other year will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for that year for individuals or corporations, as applicable, and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year.

Although the determination of whether we are a PFIC is made annually, if we are a PFIC for any taxable year in which you hold our Class B shares or ADSs, you will generally be subject to the special tax rules described above for that year and for each subsequent year in which you hold the Class B shares or ADSs (even if we do not qualify as a PFIC in such subsequent years). However, if you own Class B shares or ADSs and we cease to be a PFIC, you may be able to avoid the continuing impact of the PFIC rules by making a special election to recognize gain as if your Class B shares or ADSs had been sold on the last day of the last taxable year during which we were a PFIC. You are urged to consult your own tax advisor about this election.

In lieu of being subject to the special tax rules discussed above, you may make a mark-to-market election with respect to your Class B shares or ADSs provided such Class B shares or ADSs are treated as “marketable stock.” Class B shares or ADSs generally will

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be treated as marketable stock if the Class B shares or ADSs shares are regularly traded on a “qualified exchange or other market” (within the meaning of the applicable Treasury regulations). Under current law, the mark-to-market election may be available to holders of ADSs for as long as the ADSs are traded on the NYSE, which constitutes a qualified exchange, although there can be no assurance that the ADSs will be “regularly traded” for purposes of the mark-to-market election. The Class B shares are traded on the ByMA, which must meet certain trading, listing, financial disclosure and other requirements to be treated as a qualified exchange for these purposes, and no assurance can be given that the Class B shares will be “regularly traded” for purposes of the mark-to-market election.

If you make an effective mark-to-market election, for each taxable year that we are a PFIC you will include as ordinary income the excess of the fair market value of your Class B shares or ADSs at the end of the year over your adjusted tax basis in the Class B shares or ADSs. You will be entitled to deduct as an ordinary loss in each such year the excess of your adjusted tax basis in the Class B shares or ADSs over their fair market value at the end of the year, but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election. Your adjusted tax basis in the Class B shares or ADSs will be increased by the amount of any income inclusion and decreased by the amount of any deductions under the mark-to-market rules. In addition, upon the sale or other disposition of your Class B shares or ADSs in a year that we are a PFIC, (i) any gain will be treated as ordinary income and (ii) any loss will be treated as ordinary loss, but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election, and thereafter will be capital loss.

If you make a mark-to-market election, it will be effective for the taxable year for which the election is made and all subsequent taxable years unless the Class B shares or ADSs are no longer regularly traded on a qualified exchange or other market, or the IRS consents to the revocation of the election. You are urged to consult your tax advisor about the availability of the mark-to-market election, and whether making the election would be advisable in your particular circumstances.

Alternatively, holders of shares in a PFIC can sometimes avoid the special tax rules described above by electing to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under Section 1295 of the Code. However, this option is not available to you because we do not intend to comply with the requirements necessary to permit you to make this election.

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our Class B shares or ADSs and any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries is also a PFIC, you will be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC for purposes of the application of the PFIC rules. You will not be eligible to make the mark-to-market election described above in respect of any lower-tier PFIC. You are urged to consult your tax advisors about the application of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries.

You will generally be required to file IRS Form 8621 if you hold our Class B shares or ADSs in any year in which we are classified as a PFIC. You are urged to consult your tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding our Class B shares or ADSs if we are considered a PFIC in any taxable year.

Sale or Other Disposition

Upon a sale or other disposition of the Class B shares or ADSs, U.S. holders will recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized on the disposition and the U.S. holder’s tax basis, determined in U.S. dollars, in the Class B shares or ADSs. Subject to the discussion under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company” above, such gain or loss will generally be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the Class B shares or ADSs were held for more than one year. A U.S. holder’s ability to offset capital losses against ordinary income is limited. Long-term capital gain recognized by a non-corporate U.S. holder may be taxable at a preferential rate. Any gain or loss will generally be U.S.–source gain or loss for foreign tax credit purposes. Consequently, a U.S. holder may not be eligible for a foreign tax credit for any Argentine tax imposed upon the sale or other disposition of the Class B shares or ADSs unless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against tax due on other income treated as derived from foreign sources. However, pursuant to the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations, any such Argentine tax would generally not be a foreign income tax eligible for a foreign tax credit (regardless of any other income that a U.S. holder may have that is derived from foreign sources). In such case, the non-creditable Argentine tax may reduce the amount realized on the sale or other disposition of the Class B shares or ADSs. As discussed above, however, recent notices from the IRS provide temporary relief by allowing taxpayers that comply with applicable requirements to apply many aspects of the foreign tax credit regulations as they previously existed (before the release of the current Foreign Tax Credit Regulations) for taxable years ending before the date that a notice or other guidance withdrawing or modifying the temporary relief is issued (or any later date specified in such notice or other guidance). If any Argentine tax is imposed upon the sale or other disposition of the Class B shares or ADSs and a U.S. holder applies such temporary relief, such Argentine tax may be eligible for a foreign tax credit or deduction, subject to the applicable conditions and limitations. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding

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the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations (and the related temporary relief in the IRS notices) and the availability of the foreign tax credit or a deduction under their particular circumstances.

Foreign Financial Asset Reporting

Certain U.S. holders that own “specified foreign financial assets” with an aggregate value in excess of U.S.$50,000 on the last day of the taxable year or U.S.$75,000 at any time during the taxable year are generally required to file an information statement along with their tax returns, currently on IRS Form 8938, with respect to such assets. “Specified foreign financial assets” include any financial accounts held at a non-U.S. financial institution, as well as securities issued by a non-U.S. issuer (which would include the Class B shares and ADSs) that are not held in accounts maintained by financial institutions. Higher reporting thresholds apply to certain individuals living abroad and to certain married individuals. Regulations extend this reporting requirement to certain entities that are treated as formed or availed of to hold direct or indirect interests in specified foreign financial assets based on certain objective criteria. U.S. holders that fail to report the required information could be subject to substantial penalties. In addition, the statute of limitations for assessment of tax would be suspended, in whole or part. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors concerning the application of these rules to their investment in the Class B shares and ADSs, including the application of the rules to their particular circumstances.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Dividends paid on, and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, the Class B shares or ADSs that are paid within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries generally will be subject to information reporting unless a U.S. holder is treated as an exempt recipient. Such payments may also be subject to backup withholding unless a U.S. holder (i) provides a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding or (ii) otherwise establishes an exemption from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be allowed as a refund or credit against the holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the holder timely furnishes the required information to the IRS.

A holder that is a non-resident alien individual, a foreign corporation or a foreign estate or trust may be required to comply with certification and identification procedures in order to establish its exemption from information reporting and backup withholding.

FATCA

We have entered into an agreement with the IRS effective April 24, 2014, pursuant to which we have agreed to comply with certain due diligence, information reporting and withholding obligations pursuant to Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, and the regulations promulgated thereunder (often referred to as the “Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act” or “FATCA”). Therefore, an investor considered to have a financial account that is a “U.S. account” maintained by us may be required to provide certain information regarding such investor (or relevant beneficial owner of the Class B shares or ADSs), including information and tax documentation regarding the identity of such investor as well as that of its direct and indirect owners, and we may be required to report this information to the IRS. However, stock or other equity or debt instruments issued by a financial institution is not treated as a U.S. account if such stock or other instrument is regularly traded on an established securities market. We expect that the Class B shares and ADSs will be so treated. Further, a U.S. account generally does not include an equity instrument in a financial institution, such as us, that is not an investment entity.

In addition, it is possible that under future guidance, payments on the Class B shares and ADSs may be subject to a withholding tax of up to 30% under rules applicable to foreign “passthru payments.” Regulations implementing this rule have not yet been adopted or proposed and the IRS has indicated that any such regulations would not be effective prior to the date that is two years after the date on which final regulations on this issue are published. FATCA is particularly complex and its application to Argentine financial institutions is uncertain at this time. Although we have registered with the IRS and believe that we are compliant with obligations imposed on us under FATCA, it is unclear to what extent we may be able to comply with FATCA in the future. Each holder of Class B shares or ADSs should consult its own tax advisor to obtain a more detailed explanation of FATCA and to learn how FATCA might affect each holder in its particular circumstances.

Item 10.F Dividends and Paying Agents

Not applicable.

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Item 10.G Statement by Experts

Not applicable.

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Item 10.H Documents on Display

We file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC that apply to foreign private issuers. Foreign private issuers, like us, are required to make filings with the SEC by electronic means. Any filings we make electronically are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s web site at http://www.sec.gov/.

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Item 10.I Subsidiary Information

Not applicable.

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Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of loss arising from fluctuations in financial markets variables, such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates and other rates or prices. This risk is a consequence of lending, trading and investments businesses and mainly consists of interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk.

Our market risk arises mainly from our capacity as a financial intermediary.

The Risk Management Committee is responsible for approving and amending our market risk policies.

The Risk Management Committee uses a risk map to explain, in detail, the trades that the trading desk at Banco Supervielle S.A. is authorized to close. The risk map also describes the maximum amounts for the position in certain products, the maximum amount of losses accepted (“stop loss”) and the maximum expected loss (given a confidence interval) over a specific time period if the portfolio were held unchanged over that period (VaR limit). Alongside with the risk of Banco Supervielle S.A., there is a set of additional metrics that establish the market risk of Grupo Supervielle on a consolidated basis with its subsidiaries. Complementarily, the credit committee establishes the credit risk limits with all financial counterparties. Our Financial Risk Department conducts a daily control over compliance with the limits established in the risk map. In the event that an exception is needed, the trading desk must apply for authorization from the CEO while maintaining the Asset and Liability Committee and the Risk Management Committee informed of all developments. In addition, the Risk Management Committee authorizes risk levels in terms of interest rate, foreign exchange rate, inflation and term imbalance risks. The Assets and Liabilities Committee is responsible for monitoring compliance with our market risk policies every two weeks.

In the course of its monthly meetings, our Board of Directors is advised of the full range of resolutions adopted by the Assets and Liabilities Committee, including: liquidity risk, market risk, foreign currency risk and interest rate risk management.

We evaluate, upgrade and improve market risk measurements and controls on a daily basis. In order to measure significant market risks on the trading portfolio, we use the value at risk methodology, or “VaR,” in our internal models. This methodology is based on statistical methods that take into account many variables that may cause a change in the value of its portfolios, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, securities prices, volatility and any correlation among them. VaR is an estimation of potential losses that could arise from reasonably likely adverse changes in market conditions. It expresses the maximum amount of loss expected (given a confidence interval) over a specified time period, or “time horizon,” if that portfolio were held unchanged over that time period.

All VaR models, while forward looking, are based on past events and are dependent upon the quality of available market data. The quality of our VaR models is therefore continuously monitored. As calculated, for the trading book VaR is an estimate of the expected maximum loss in the market value of a given portfolio over a ten-day time horizon at a one tailed 99% confidence interval. We assume a ten-day holding period and adverse market movements of 2.32 standard deviations as the standard for risk measurement and comparison. Additional information on our risk management is set forth in Note 26 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

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The following table shows the Basel Standardized Approach for market risk capital requirement for our combined trading portfolios in 2024, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands of Pesos):

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Minimum | ​ | 7,312,430 | ​ | 1,550,904 | ​ | 6,645,787
Maximum |  | 19,078,159 |  | 6,083,336 | ​ | 11,487,301
Average |  | 11,042,371 |  | 3,928,460 | ​ | 8,374,273
As of December 31, |  | 19,078,159 |  | 5,789,991 | ​ | 11,487,301

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Due to regulatory changes, 2024 corresponds to the consolidation level of Grupo Supervielle, whose presentation became effective starting in April.

In order to take advantage of good trading opportunities, we have sometimes increased risk; however, during periods of uncertainty, we have also reduced it.

Interest Rate Risk

Central Bank Communication “A” 6534 amended the way in which the Central Bank evaluates capital needs related to interest rate risk exposure, by the way adapting its methodology to international best practices. Even though Interest Rate Risk is not part of Tier I capital requirements in a direct way, this could be the case whenever the bank reaches the status of “outlier bank.” The “outlier bank” test compares the bank’s ρEVE with 15% of its Tier 1 capital, under a set of prescribed interest rate shock scenarios. Tier I capital requirements will increase by the excess of the bank’s ρEVE over 15% of its Tier 1 capital. Therefore, the Superintendency of Financial Institutions continues to review such risk and determines if there is a need for additional regulatory capital in case a predetermined threshold is surpassed or it finds clear evidence of an inappropriate management of this type of risk. Additionally, the Central Bank establishes the need to measure interest rate risk considering two dimensions: a) the impact of interest rate fluctuations over the underlying value of a bank’s assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items and hence its economic value and b) the impact over the net interest income. In order to tackle the first dimension, the Central Bank established a Standardized Framework considering the impact of six different shock scenarios over the bank’s ρEVE. To assess the impact over the net interest income, the bank has to make use of its internal measurement systems. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Liquidity and Solvency Requirements.”

We define interest rate risk as the risk relating to changes in the entity’s financial income and economic value as a result of fluctuations in the market’s interest rates. The following are known factors that contribute to this risk:

| ● | differences in maturity and adjustment dates of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet holdings;

| ● | foreseeability, evolution and volatility with respect to local interest rates, foreign interest rates and CET;

| ● | the base risk arising out of an imperfect correlation when adjusting asset and liability rates for instruments with similar revaluation characteristics; and

| ● | implicit options for particular assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet commitments held by the entity.

The Bank employs a prudent interest rate risk strategy allowing to uphold its commitments and maintain desired levels of revenue and capital, both in normal and adverse market conditions.

Interest Rate Risk Management Model – Standardized Framework

The Bank includes interest rate gaps in their interest rate risk management model. This approach analyzes mismatches between asset and liability interest rates between reevaluation periods with respect to the financial statements and off-financial statements line-items. The result is a basic representation of the financial statements structure that allows for the detection of interest rate risk concentrations within the different periods. This is also used to estimate the potential impact of interest rates falling outside of the financial margin (NIM-EaR method) and the entity’s economic value (MVE-VaR method).

Every financial statements and off-financial statements line-item is classified according to its maturity. For asset/liability management accounts without maturity, an internal method of analysis is used to determine possible maturity and sensitivity.

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The Asset and Liability Management Committee monitors interest rate risk management and each financial management team is in charge of executing it. The Risk Management team and Financial Planning team are in charge of monitoring compliance, enforcing risk management strategies and issuing periodic reports.

Interest Rate Risk Capital Requirement

The Bank evaluates its minimum capital requirements relating to interest rate risk through the use of a MVE-VaR internal model, using a holding period of three months and a 99% confidence interval. This quantitative model factors in the economic capital required for our securitization risk. The results are then compared with those obtained from the application of the Standardized Framework, being the resulting capital need the higher of those figures. The following chart shows the Bank’s interest rate risk figures under the Standardized Framework described above for 2024, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands of Pesos):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Minimum | ​ | 7,461,201 | ​ | 5,210,740 | ​ | 6,351,932
Maximum |  | 39,225,571 |  | 21,195,988 |  | 22,094,238
Average |  | 24,621,276 |  | 10,617,473 |  | 13,453,133
As of December 31, |  | 34,053,395 |  | 21,195,988 |  | 21,861,258

​

The Bank’s consolidated gap position refers to the mismatch of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The following tables show the Bank’s consolidated exposure to a positive interest rate gap, in Pesos:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Remaining Maturity at December 31, 2024 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Over 5 | ​ | ​ |
​ |  | 0-1 Year |  | 1-5 Years |  | Years |  | Total |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) |
Interest-earning assets | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |
Investment Portfolio(1) | ​ | 880,095,211 |  | 57,871,411 |  | — |  | 937,966,622 | ​
Loans to the non-financial public sector(2) | ​ | 3,185,554 |  | — |  | — |  | 3,185,554 | ​
Loans to the private and financial sector(2) | ​ | 1,384,953,335 |  | 304,014,884 |  | 26,393,706 |  | 1,715,361,925 | ​
Receivables from financial leases | ​ | 20,420,962 |  | 29,069,066 |  | 9,058,516 |  | 58,548,544 | ​
Other assets | ​ | 170,236,399 |  | — |  | 554,721,843 |  | 724,958,242 | ​
Total interest-earning assets | ​ | 2,458,891,461 |  | 390,955,361 |  | 590,174,065 |  | 3,440,020,887 | ​
Interest-bearing liabilities | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Savings | ​ | 799,867,177 |  | — |  | 677,747,546 |  | 1,477,614,723 | ​
Time deposits | ​ | 772,849,894 |  | 7 |  | — |  | 772,849,901 | ​
Non subordinated notes | ​ | — |  | — |  | — |  | — | ​
Liabilities with financial institutions | ​ | 42,504,604 |  | 4,165,123 |  | 138,625,845 |  | 185,295,572 | ​
Other liabilities | ​ | 117,987,215 |  | — |  | 139,367,573 |  | 257,354,788 | ​
Total interest-bearing liabilities | ​ | 1,733,208,890 |  | 4,165,130 |  | 955,740,964 |  | 2,693,114,984 | ​
Asset/liability gap | ​ | 725,682,571 |  | 386,790,231 |  | (365,566,899) |  | 746,905,903 | ​
Cumulative asset/liability gap | ​ | 725,682,571 |  | 1,112,472,802 |  | 746,905,903 |  | ​ | ​
Cumulative sensitivity gap as a percentage of total interest-earning assets | ​ | 29.5 | % | 284.6 | % | 126.6 | % | ​ | ​

(1) | Includes government securities and instruments issued by the Central Bank.

(2) | Loan amounts are stated before deducting allowances for loan losses.

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The table below shows the Bank’s consolidated exposure to an interest rate gap in foreign currency:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Remaining Maturity at December 31, 2024 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Over 5 | ​ | ​ |
​ |  | 0-1 Year |  | 1-5 Years |  | Years |  | Total |
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos, except percentages) | ​
Interest-earning assets in foreign currency |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Investment Portfolio(1) |  | 91 |  | 11 |  | 7 |  | 109 | ​
Loans to the non-financial public sector(2) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — | ​
Loans to the private and financial sector(2) |  | 310 |  | 34 |  | (1) |  | 343 | ​
Receivables from financial leases |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 | ​
Other assets |  | 108 |  | — |  | 332 |  | 440 | ​
Total interest-earning assets |  | 510 |  | 45 |  | 338 |  | 893 | ​
Interest-bearing liabilities in foreign currency |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Savings |  | 351 |  | — |  | 346 |  | 697 | ​
Time deposits |  | 127 |  | — |  | — |  | 127 | ​
Subordinated notes |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — | ​
Liabilities with financial institutions |  | 80 |  | — |  | — |  | 80 | ​
Other Liabilities |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | 2 | ​
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  | 559 |  | — |  | 347 |  | 906 | ​
Asset/liability gap |  | (49) |  | 45 |  | (9) |  | (13) | ​
Cumulative asset/liability gap |  | (48) |  | (3) |  | (12) |  | ​ | ​
Cumulative sensitivity gap as a percentage of total interest-earning assets |  | (9) | % | (8) | % | (4) | % | ​ | ​

(1) | Includes government securities and instruments issued by the Central Bank.

(2) | Loan amounts are stated before deducting allowances for loan losses.

Foreign Currency Risk

The Risk Management Committee is responsible for deciding the net position in foreign currency to be maintained at all times according to market conditions and monitoring it regularly.

Policies regarding foreign currency risk are applied at the level of our subsidiaries. Our foreign currency risk arises mainly from our operations in our capacity as a financial intermediary.

Since May 2003, the fluctuation of the U.S. dollar has been included as a risk factor for the calculation of the market risk requirement, considering all assets and liabilities in U.S. dollars. As of December 31, 2024, the Bank’s consolidated total net asset foreign currency position subject to foreign currency risk was Ps.8,581 million, and this position generated a market risk capital requirement of Ps.686.5 million as of such date.

Liquidity Risk

Policies regarding liquidity risk are applied at the level of our subsidiaries. Our liquidity risk arises mainly from the operations of the Bank. Our other subsidiaries are also subject to liquidity risk, which is not significant.

The Bank defines liquidity risk as the risk of having to pay additional financial costs due to an unexpected need for liquidity. This risk arises out of the differences in amounts and maturity of the assets and liabilities held by the Bank. There are two types of Liquidity Risk:

| ● | Funding Liquidity Risk, which results from the inability to obtain funds at market price that are needed to ensure liquidity, mainly due to the market’s perception of the Bank.

| ● | Market Liquidity Risk, which occurs when the Bank cannot trade its position in one or several assets at market price, which is caused by two factors:

| o | the assets are not sufficiently liquid and cannot be traded in the secondary market; and

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| o | changes in the market where the assets are traded.

To manage liquidity risk, the Bank focuses on its sources of liquidity. The Bank relies on certain financial products that can provide a quick source of liquidity in extreme situations of illiquidity. To this effect, the Bank relies on the control of core metrics, the LCR, the NSFR, Daily liquidity, Broad liquidity in Pesos, and liquidity in U.S.$. The first one, with a shorter-term perspective, is aimed at assessing the availability of enough liquid assets to meet the withdrawal of deposits and other liabilities in a 30-day stress scenario. Meanwhile, the NSFR aims to promote resilience over a longer time horizon by creating incentives for banks to fund their activities with more stable sources of funding on an ongoing basis. Daily Liquidity measures Banco Supervielle's ability to finance its institutional deposits that may be canceled the following day (interest-bearing checking accounts and early redeemable term deposits) with available funding sources within that same time frame. Broad Liquidity in Pesos measures Banco Supervielle's ability to finance its peso deposits with liquid assets in that currency: available funds, Lefi, and Treasury bonds, weighted at 10%. Liquidity in Dollars measures Banco Supervielle's ability to finance its dollar deposits with liquid assets in that currency: available funds and Treasury bonds, weighted at 30%.

The Bank relies on a set of indicators that allow it to detect and take steps to prevent potential liquidity risks. The Bank’s set of indicators and risk limits are established by the Risk Management team and approved by the Board of Directors. These indicators are constantly monitored by the Risk Management Committee.

The Risk Management Committee coordinates and supervises the identification, measuring and monitoring of liquidity risk. The Assets and Liabilities Committee develops the strategies that allow for adequate liquidity risk management. The Assets and Liabilities Committee relies on several different departments within the Bank to develop and enforce these strategies, from issuing reports and risk management proposals to monitoring compliance with the established limits.

Operational Risk

We define operational risk as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes due to personnel, systems or external events. The definition includes legal risk but excludes strategic and reputational risk. Legal risk can result from internal or external events and includes exposure to sanctions, penalties or other economic consequences that arise out of non-compliance with contractual or regulatory obligations.

We believe that we are pioneers in the design of operational risk management frameworks in Argentina, placing emphasis on risk identification, risk management policies and our organizational model. We have tailored our framework to the requirements established by the Central Bank, the Basel accords and international best practices. The Bank’s operational risk management processes are overseen by a correspondent, who is assisted by a network of risk, and every branch and service center has a delegate in charge of monitoring risk. The correspondents report to the Operational Risk Department, ensuring that the Bank’s entire network is working together to monitor operational risk.

Operational Risk Measuring Models

The risk management process is based on complying with several stages designed to evaluate the Bank’s vulnerability to operational risk events, minimizing operational risk. This method allows the Bank to achieve a better understanding of its operational risk profile and adopt the necessary measures to address any vulnerability. The stages are divided into:

| ● | Identification of operational risk by implementing a Risk Control Self-Assessment model, which applies to each one of the Bank’s processes and IT assets.

| ● | Measurement and evaluation of operational risk by establishing risk levels, evaluating the effectiveness of control mechanisms and determining residual risk for each of the Bank’s processes and IT assets.

| ● | Mitigation, resulting from the application of plans of action and strategies designed to maintain risks within the levels established by the Board of Directors.

| ● | Monitoring to quickly detect and address deficiencies in the policies, processes and procedures for managing operational risk, and to ensure constant improvement.

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| ● | Documenting the incidents and losses related to operational risk by establishing a database that allows for a comparison of the frequency and impact of operational risk events with the risk control self-assessment model.

| ● | The Bank and other subsidiaries of Grupo Supervielle, have Operational Risk Committees that are in charge of the enforcement of the operational risk policies and monitors the operational risks and operational risk events affecting the different companies. In addition, the Operational Risk Committee issues reports to the high management, Risk Management Committee and Board of Directors.

| ● | Banco Supervielle S.A. has adopted a model that calculates (i) expected and unexpected losses, (ii) VaR (at a 99.9% confidence interval) minus accounting prevision for operational risk and (iii) the minimum capital required to cover expected and unexpected losses. The holding period used is one year.

Item 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

Item 12.A Debt Securities

Not applicable.

​

Item 12.B Warrants and Rights

Not applicable.

Item 12.C Other Securities

Not applicable.

​

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Item 12.D American Depositary Shares

Fees and Expenses

Holders of our ADSs are generally expected to pay fees to the Depositary according to the schedule below:

​

| ​ |
Persons depositing or withdrawing shares or ADS holders must pay: |  | For:
$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs) | ​ | Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property Cancellation of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates
$0.05 (or less) per ADS | ​ | Any cash distribution to ADS holders
A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been Class B shares and the Class B shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs | ​ | Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities (including rights) which are distributed by the Depositary to ADS holders
$0.05 (or less) per ADS per calendar year | ​ | Depositary services
Registration or transfer fees | ​ | Transfer and registration of shares on our share register to or from the name of the Depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares
Expenses of the Depositary | ​ | Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement) converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars
Taxes and other governmental charges that the Depositary or the custodian have to pay on any ADSs or shares underlying an ADS, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes | ​ | As necessary
Any charges incurred by the Depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities | ​ | As necessary

​

The Depositary collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The Depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The Depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deduction from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The Depositary may collect any of its fees by deduction from any cash distribution payable (or by selling a portion of securities or other property distributable) to ADS holders that are obligated to pay those fees. The Depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.

From time to time, the Depositary may make payments to us to reimburse us for costs and expenses generally arising out of establishment and maintenance of the ADS program, waive fees and expenses for services provided to us by the Depositary or share revenue from the fees collected from ADS holders. The depositary for our ADSs is The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Depositary”). In 2024, the Depositary reimbursed expenses for an amount of U.S.$ 543,206.38. In performing its duties under the deposit agreement, the depositary may use brokers, dealers, foreign currency or other service providers that are owned by or affiliated with the depositary and that may earn or share fees, spreads or commissions.

The Depositary may convert currency itself or through any of its affiliates and, in those cases, acts as principal for its own account and not as agent, advisor, broker or fiduciary on behalf of any other person and earns revenue, including, without limitation, transaction spreads, that it will retain for its own account. The revenue is based on, among other things, the difference between the exchange rate assigned to the currency conversion made under the deposit agreement and the rate that the Depositary or its affiliates

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receives when buying or selling foreign currency for its own account. The Depositary makes no representation that the exchange rate used or obtained in any currency conversion under the deposit agreement will be the most favorable rate that could be obtained at the time or that the method by which that rate will be determined will be the most favorable to ADS holders, subject to the Depositary’s obligations under the deposit agreement. The methodology used to determine exchange rates used in currency conversions is available upon request.

​

PART II

Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

None.

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Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

None.

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Item 15. Controls and Procedures

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as amended. We performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file with or submit to the SEC under the Exchange Act, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosure. Our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance of their reliability. Notwithstanding the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, these disclosure controls and procedures cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving their objectives because of their inherent limitations. Disclosure controls and procedures are processes that involve human diligence and compliance and are subject to error in judgment. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by our disclosure controls and procedures.

(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

| 1) | Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for us and our consolidated subsidiaries. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act, as amended, as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our CEO and CFO, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with applicable generally accepted accounting principles. Internal controls and procedures are processes that involve human diligence and compliance and are subject to error in judgment. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

| 2) | Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control–Integrated Framework 2013.

| 3) | Based on our assessment, we and our management have concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024.

(c)Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L., an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, as stated in their report to our consolidated financial statements.

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See the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm included in this annual report for our registered public accounting firm’s attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

(d)Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting During the Year Ended December 31, 2024.

During the period covered by this annual report, there have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Item 16. [Reserved]

Item 16.A Audit committee financial expert

Our Board of Directors has determined that Mrs. Laurence Nicole Mengin de Loyer is the audit committee’s financial expert. Mrs. Loyer is an independent director under Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act.

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Item 16.B Code of Ethics

We have adopted a code of ethics that is applicable to all our employees, which is posted on our website at: https://s26.q4cdn.com/426641508/files/doc_downloads/corporate_governance/Code-of-ethics.pdf.

Our code of ethics establishes the ethical guidelines to be followed by directors, managers, and employees. This code is based on a set of core values that Grupo Supervielle and its members must respect in their daily interactions with clients, suppliers, employees, and regulatory bodies. Our code of ethics is based on three pillars: Values, Ethical Principles, and Conduct Standards that guide the behavior of all employees, and Ethics & Values Line where employees and suppliers can report anonymously possible irregularities or improper conduct. Our values distinguish Grupo Supervielle and must be respected by its members in their daily interactions with stakeholders. Grupo Supervielle demands from its employees (i) leadership to be benchmarks in the market, (ii) innovation to push boundaries in search of new solutions for clients, (iii) commitment to respond with sustainable solutions to the demands from our clients and stakeholders, (iv) respect to think about others, listen and understand the needs of clients, and foster constructive personal and business relationships, (v) efficiency to add value and provide quick and quality responses using available resources responsibly and sustainably, and (vi) simplicity to make clients’ lives easier by managing solid and simple processes and making decisions along with them.

The Ethical Principles and Conduct Standards establish a framework of ethics and transparency in building lasting and trust-based relationships with our stakeholders, promoting a culture of integrity and compliance with applicable regulations, laws, and best practices, thus fostering the development of a sustainable and competitive business context.

General ethical principles include (i) promoting equal opportunities and non-discrimination, (ii) providing a safe and healthy work environment, (iii) fostering respectful, honest, and committed relationships with stakeholders, (iv) treating employees, clients, suppliers, and the community with dignity, and (v) acting transparently and respecting agreements with clients to provide quality service.

Guidelines for specific situations include (i) protecting the confidentiality of both client and proprietary information and prohibiting its use for personal gain, (ii) objectivity and how to act in conflicts of interest, (iii) guidelines for offering gifts and courtesies, (iv) ways to act towards governments, clients, suppliers, competitors, and society in a framework of cordiality and simplicity in interactions and agility and quality in service offered, (v) compliance with applicable regulations and policies, (vi) guidelines for preventing money laundering and terrorism financing, and (vii) guidelines for hiring employees.

The Ethics & Values Line is available to our employees and clients, and to third parties so they can report possible irregularities or improper conduct anonymously. Confidentiality and anonymity of reports are guaranteed, and any form of reprisal or negative consequences towards employees who make reports is prohibited.

In addition, we did not grant any waivers to our code of ethics during the year ended December 31, 2024.

During 2024, we updated our Related Party Transactions policy. This policy is posted on our website at https://www.gruposupervielle.com/English/our-approach/corporate-governance/default.aspx

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Information contained or accessible through our website is not incorporated by reference in and should not be considered part of this annual report.

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Item 16.C Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The following table sets forth the total amount billed to us and our subsidiaries by the independent registered public accounting firm, Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L., during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
​ |  | (in thousands of Pesos)
Audit Fees |  | 1,404,412 |  | 1,561,370
Audit Related Fees |  | 20,088 |  | 60,671
All Other Fees |  | 68,380 |  | 65,320
Total |  | 1,492,880 |  | 1,687,361

​

Audit fees are fees for professional services performed by Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L for the audit and limited review of Grupo Supervielle’s consolidated annual financial statements both under IFRS and Central Bank rules and quarterly financial statements under Central Bank requirements and services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings.

Audit-related fees consist of fees for professional services performed by Price Waterhouse & Co S.R.L. related to attestation, review and verification services with respect to our financial information and the provision of services in connection with special reports.

All other fees include fees paid for professional services other than the services reported above under “audit fees,” “audit related fees” in each of the fiscal years above.

The General Annual Stockholders Meeting designates the external auditor.

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policy And Procedures

​

Following SEC requirements regarding auditor independence, the Audit Committee pre-approves auditor services before the commencement of the service. The Audit Committee evaluates the nature and scope of the work to be performed and the fees for such work prior to the engagement.

​

The SEC rules establish two different approaches for pre-approval of external auditor services. On the one hand, the proposed services may be previously approved by the Audit Committee, without analyzing each service individually (“general prior approval” or “policy-based pre-approval”). On the other hand, the proposed services may be subject to approval by the Audit Committee on a case-by-case basis by the Audit Committee or by its member to whom the pre-approval was delegated (“specific pre-approval” or “separate pre-approval”).

​

Separate pre-approval

The Audit Committee has delegated to its chairperson the authority to grant pre-approvals to auditor services. The decision of the chairperson to pre-approve a service is presented to the Audit Committee at the following scheduled meeting.

Policy based pre-approval

​

The Audit Committee has established a policy to define those services to be provided by the external auditor that will be considered automatically pre-approved, so they do not need to be specifically approved by the Audit Committee.

​

The following services are excluded from the policy: (1) audit services or quarterly reviews of financial statements; (2) services not permitted to the external auditor; and (3) consulting services which, if applicable, may have a specific pre-approval. The external auditor’s fees for non-audit and non-tax related services may not exceed 15% of the total auditor’s fees.

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With respect to the services provided by the independent auditor, the following three basic principles must be followed in all cases, which if violated would affect the independence of the auditor: (i) the auditor cannot assume managerial roles; (ii) the auditor cannot audit nor review his or her own work, and (iii) the auditor cannot act on behalf of the Group.

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​

The services included are:

​

Services related to the audit

​

This category includes the services that: (i) only the independent auditor of the Group can perform (except those indicated above in 1), and (ii) according to customary practices and based on their nature, are reasonably expected to be provided by the external auditor, which includes assurance services, such as certifications and reports requested by regulators from the external auditor.

​

The fees for these services may not exceed U.S.$10,000 individually, nor U.S.$50,000 accumulated per fiscal year.

​

Tax services

​

This category includes permitted tax services, such as: (i) those related to the preparation and review of tax affidavits, and (ii) assistance in relation to requirements and inspections of the tax authorities, and assistance in lawsuits before the Tax Court (or similar) and before the judiciary, but excluding defense tasks in court and litigation, among others.

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The fees for these services may not exceed U.S.$5,000 individually, nor U.S.$25,000 cumulatively per fiscal year.

​

For the purposes of its calculation, those services that are invoiced or agreed in Pesos must be converted into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate applicable for the conversion of financial statements corresponding to the day before the service is required.

​

Those services exceeding the individual limits require specific (separate) pre-approval.

​

When the annual limit is exceeded, the services provided until that moment will be considered pre-approved. From the moment the annual limit is exceeded, the services will require specific pre-approval from the Committee, even if they do not exceed the individual limit.

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Grupo Supervielle’s CFO, or the person to whom the CFO delegates, is responsible for carrying out an adequate control of the services provided, keeping a record of the accumulated amount of the fees for the services, in accordance with this policy, and for properly submitting all those services that must be pre-approved by the Audit Committee. The request for approval must be accompanied by the auditor’s engagement proposal describing the services to be provided and the estimated fees. In the case of services not related to auditing or taxes, the department that requires such services must substantiate the reasons for which the auditor should provide such services and must obtain the auditor’s engagement proposal describing the service, the estimated fees and, if necessary, the safeguards and precautions to be taken by the auditor in order to preserve its independence.

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All the services that the external auditor provides without the need for specific pre-approval based on the content of the policy, must be reported by the CFO (or whoever he delegates) at the same time that would have corresponded if they previously approved.

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Item 16.D Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

Not applicable.

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Item 16.E Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

On July 20, 2022, the Group established the First Program for the repurchase of the Group’s shares pursuant to Article 64 of Law 26,831 and CNV regulations. The Group decided to establish the First Program as a result of the then-current national and international macroeconomic context and in view of the high volatility of the capital markets and taking into account the significant deterioration in the value of Grupo Supervielle’s shares associated with the increase of the Argentine risk. In this regard, Grupo Supervielle believes that it is convenient to implement the First Program as a viable and efficient alternative to apply Grupo Supervielle’s excess cash position to the benefit of Grupo Supervielle and its shareholders. In addition, Grupo Supervielle may purchase up to 10% of its capital stock pursuant to Law No. 26,831, complying with the requirements and procedures set forth therein. If a purchase is made pursuant to Law No. 26,831, Grupo Supervielle must resell the repurchased shares within three years and its shareholders will have preemptive rights to purchase the shares, except in the case of an employee compensation program or plan, or in the case that the shares

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are distributed among all shareholders on a pro rata basis or with respect to the sale of an amount of shares that in any 12-month period does not exceed 1% of the Grupo Supervielle’s capital stock. In these cases, the three-year term may be extended with the prior approval of a shareholders’ meeting.

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The Board of Directors approved the establishment of the following terms and conditions for the acquisition of its own shares under the First Program: (i) maximum amount of the investment: up to Ps.2,000,000,000; (ii) maximum number of shares to be acquired: up to 10% of the capital stock of Grupo Supervielle, as established by the applicable Argentine laws and regulations; (iii) payable price: up to Ps.138.00 per Class B share and U.S.$2.20 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange, and (iv) term for the acquisition: 250 days as from the next day of the date of publication of the information in the Bolsa de Buenos Aires Daily Bulletin, subject to any renewal or extension of the term, which will be informed to the public by the same means.

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On September 13, 2022, the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle decided to increase the payable price related to the acquisitions under the First Program to Ps.155.00 per Class B share and U.S.$2.70 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange. On December 27, 2022, the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle decided to further increase the payable price related to the acquisition of Grupo Supervielle’s Class B shares under the First Program to Ps.200.00 per Class B share. The First Program expired in March 2023 and it was not renewed. Under the First Program we acquired 11,093,572 Class B Shares and 591,384 ADSs, reaching an execution of 86.3% of the First Program and repurchasing 3.076% of the outstanding capital stock. Our annual ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 19, 2024 resolved to delegate to our board of directors the authority to sell or dispose in the future the treasury shares that the Group repurchased through the First Program in compliance with applicable regulations.

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The following table sets forth the number of Class B Shares and ADSs repurchased under the First Program:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Class B Shares | ​ | ADSs | ​ | ​
​ |  | Total number of shares purchased |  | Average price paid per share (Ps., nominal) |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of the program |  | Total number of ADSs purchased |  | Average price paid per ADS (US$) |  | Total number of ADSs purchased as part of the program |  | Maximum number of shares/Pesos that may yet be purchased under the program
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | in Shares | ​ | in Ps. Million (nominal)
July 1, 2022 – July 31, 2022 |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 45,672,232 | ​ | 2,000
August 1, 2022 – August 31, 2022 |  | 1,137,018 | ​ | 102.456 | ​ | 1,137,018 | ​ | 141,416 | ​ | 1.925 | ​ | 141,416 | ​ | 43,828,134 | ​ | 1,797
September 1, 2022 –September 30, 2022 |  | 2,128,463 | ​ | 112.771 | ​ | 3,265,481 | ​ | 56,528 | ​ | 1.783 | ​ | 197,944 | ​ | 41,417,031 | ​ | 1,532
October 1, 2022 – October 31, 2022 |  | 1,041,403 | ​ | 114.185 | ​ | 4,306,884 | ​ | 393,440 | ​ | 1.849 | ​ | 591,384 | ​ | 38,408,428 | ​ | 1,188
November 1, 2022 – November 30, 2022 |  | 2,988,175 | ​ | 114.902 | ​ | 7,295,059 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 35,420,253 | ​ | 845
December 1, 2022 – December 31, 2022 |  | 2,058,632 | ​ | 133.670 | ​ | 9,353,691 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 33,361,621 | ​ | 570
January 1, 2023 – January 31, 2023 |  | 1,480,381 | ​ | 166.116 | ​ | 10,834,072 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 31,881,240 | ​ | 324
February 1, 2023 – February 10, 2023 |  | 259,500 | ​ | 188.422 | ​ | 11,093,572 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 31,621,740 | ​ | 275
Total |  | 11,093,572 | ​ | 125.187 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 591,384 | ​ | 1.861 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 31,621,740 | ​ | 275

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On April 19, 2024, the Group established the Second Program for the repurchase of the Group’s shares pursuant to Article 64 of Law 26,831 and CNV regulations. The Group decided to establish the Second Program taking into account (i) the current local macroeconomic environment; (ii) the current trading price of shares that do not reflect the real value of the Company's assets or their potential; and (iii) an environment of negative real interest rates in the local market. In this regard, Grupo Supervielle believes that it is convenient to implement the Second Program as a viable and efficient alternative to apply Grupo Supervielle’s excess cash position to the benefit of Grupo Supervielle and its shareholders. In addition, Grupo Supervielle may purchase up to 10% of its capital stock pursuant to Law No. 26,831, complying with the requirements and procedures set forth therein. If a purchase is made pursuant to Law No. 26,831, Grupo Supervielle must resell the repurchased shares within three years and its shareholders will have preemptive rights to purchase the shares, except in the case of an employee compensation program or plan, or in the case that the shares are distributed among all shareholders on a pro rata basis or with respect to the sale of an amount of shares that in any 12-month period does not exceed 1% of the Grupo Supervielle’s capital stock. In these cases, the three-year term may be extended with the prior approval of a shareholders’ meeting.

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The Board of Directors approved the establishment of the following terms and conditions for the acquisition of its own shares under the Second Program: (i) maximum amount of the investment: up to Ps.4 billion; (ii) maximum number of shares to be acquired: up to 10% of the capital stock of Grupo Supervielle, as established by the applicable Argentine laws and regulations; (iii) payable price: up to Ps.1,600 per Class B share and U.S.$8.00 per ADS on the New York Stock Exchange, and (iv) term for the acquisition: 120 days

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as from the next day of the date of publication of the information in the Bolsa de Buenos Aires Daily Bulletin, subject to any renewal or extension of the term, which will be informed to the public by the same means.

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On May 7, 2024, our Board of Directors increased the maximum price to be paid per share under the Second Program to US$10 per ADR in the New York Stock Exchange and up to a maximum of Ps.2,400 per Class B share in ByMA. On June 4, 2024, our Board of Directors modified the terms of the Second Program as follows: (i) the maximum amount of the investment under the Second Program was increased to up to Ps.8 billion or the lesser amount until reaching 10% of the share capital of Grupo Supervielle, including treasury shares, and (ii) the amount of acquisitions may not exceed 25% of the average daily transaction volume of Grupo Supervielle’s shares during the previous 90 business days in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 26,831. For the purpose of calculating the limit established by current regulations, we will take into account the average daily transaction volume of the shares in the period indicated in ByMA and the NYSE. On July 8, 2024, Supervielle announced the completion of the Second Program. Under the Second Program Supervielle acquired a total of 4,940,665 Class B shares, equivalent to 1.08177% of the share capital.

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Given the repurchase of treasury shares made by Grupo Supervielle pursuant to Argentine regulations, Grupo Supervielle has a restriction on the distribution of results and/or reversal of free reserves of Ps.21,167,430 thousand which is equivalent to the cost of acquisition of own shares. See Note 32 to our consolidated financial statements contained in this annual report.

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On January 22, 2025, our Board of Directors approved the sale of up to 4,567,223 Class B shares held in treasury, in accordance with Section 67 of Law No. 26,831 and the regulations of the CNV. The proceeds from the sale of the Class B shares are expected to be used to make capital contributions to Supervielle Agente de Negociación. As of the date of this annual report, we did not sell any Class B shares in connection with this approval.

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The following table sets forth the number of Class B Shares repurchased under the Second Program:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Class B Shares | ​ | ADSs | ​ | ​
​ |  | Total number of shares purchased |  | Average price paid per share (Ps., nominal) |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of the program |  | Total number of ADSs purchased |  | Average price paid per ADS (US$) |  | Total number of ADSs purchased as part of the program |  | Maximum number of shares/Pesos that may yet be purchased under the program
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | in Shares | ​ | in Ps. Million (nominal)
April 19, 2024 – April 30, 2024 |  | 950,000 | ​ | 1,315.83 | ​ | 950,000 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 30,671,740 | ​ | 6,750
May 1, 2024 – May 31, 2024 | ​ | 1,695,548 | ​ | 1,615.80 | ​ | 2,645,548 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 28,976,192 | ​ | 4,010
June 1, 2024 – June 31, 2024 | ​ | 1,907,001 | ​ | 1,736.72 | ​ | 4,552,549 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 27,069,191 | ​ | 698
July 1, 2024 – July 5, 2024 | ​ | 388,116 | ​ | 1,754.06 | ​ | 4,940,665 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 26,681,075 | ​ | 18
Total |  | 4,940,665 | ​ | 1,615.66 | ​ | 4,940,665 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 26,681,075 | ​ | 18

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As of the date of this annual report, we hold 18,991,157 Class B shares (including shares represented by ADSs) which correspond to all the Class B Shares and ADSs acquired under the Programs.

​

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Item 16.F Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

None.

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Item 16.GCorporate Governance

NYSE Corporate Governance Rules

Under NYSE rules, foreign private issuers are subject to more limited corporate governance requirements than U.S. domestic issuers. As a foreign private issuer, we must comply with four principal NYSE corporate governance rules: (1) we must have an audit committee meeting the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3, subject to specified exceptions; (2) our CEO must promptly notify the NYSE in writing after any executive officer becomes aware of any non-compliance with the applicable NYSE corporate governance rules; (3) we must provide the NYSE with annual and interim written affirmations as required under the NYSE corporate governance rules; and (4) we must provide a brief description of any significant differences between our corporate governance practices and those

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followed by U.S. companies under NYSE listing standards. The table below briefly describes the significant differences between our corporate governance practice and the NYSE corporate governance rules, applicable to U.S. domestic companies.

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Section |  | NYSE corporate governance rule for U.S. domestic issuers |  | Our approach
303A.01 |  | A listed company must have a majority of independent directors. “Controlled companies” are not required to comply with this requirement. |  | Neither Argentine law nor our bylaws require us to have a majority of independent directors. However, pursuant to Section 109 of the Argentine Capital Markets Law, our Audit Committee must be composed of at least three members of the Board of Directors, with the majority of independent directors; thus, we are required to have at least two independent directors. Our Audit Committee is composed of three independent directors in accordance with the Exchange Act.
303A.02 |  | This section establishes general standards to determine directors’ independence. No director qualifies as “independent” unless the Board of Directors affirmatively determines that the director has no material relationship with the listed company (whether directly or as a partner, shareholder, or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the company), and emphasizes that the concern is independence from management. The board is also required, on a case by case basis, to express an opinion with regard to the independence or lack of independence, of each individual director. (ii) In addition, in affirmatively determining the independence of any director who will serve on the compensation committee of the listed company’s board of directors, the board of directors must consider all factors specifically relevant to determining whether a director has a relationship to the listed company which is material to that director’s ability to be independent from management in connection with the duties of a compensation committee member, including, but not limited to: (A) the source of compensation of such director, including any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee paid by the listed company to such director; and (B) whether such director is affiliated with the listed company, a subsidiary of the listed company or an affiliate of a subsidiary of the listed company. (b) In addition, a director is not independent if: |  | Pursuant to CNV Rules, a director is not considered independent in certain situations, including where a director: (a) is also a member of the board of directors of the parent company or another company belonging to the same economic group of the issuer through a pre-existing relationship at the time of his or her election, or if said relationship had ceased to exist during immediately the previous three years; (b) is or has been associated with the company or any of its shareholders having a direct or indirect “significant participation” on the same, or with corporations with which also the shareholders also have a direct or indirect “signification participation”; or if he or she was associated with them through an employment relationship during the last three years; (c) has any professional relationship or is a member of a corporation that maintains frequent professional relationships of significant nature and volume, or receives remuneration or fees (other than the one received in consideration of his performance as a director) from the issuer or its shareholders having a direct or indirect “significant participation” on the same, or with corporations in which the shareholders also have a direct or indirect “significant participation.” This prohibition includes professional relationships and affiliations during the last three years prior to his or her appointment as director; (d) directly or indirectly owns 5% or more of shares with voting rights and/or a capital stock of the issuer or any company with a “significant participation” in it; (e) directly or indirectly sells and/or provides goods and/or services (different from those accounted for in section c)) on a regular basis and of a significant nature and volume to the company or to its shareholders with direct or indirect “significant participation”, for higher amounts than his or her remuneration as a member of the board of directors. This prohibition includes business relationships that have been carried out during the last three years prior to his or her appointment as director;
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
|  | A. the director is or has been within the last three years, an employee, or an immediate family member is, or has been within the last three years, an executive officer, of the listed company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary. Employment as interim chairman or CEO or other executive officer shall not disqualify a director from being considered independent; |  | (f) has been a director, manager, administrator or principal executive of not-for-profit organizations that have received funds, for amounts greater than those described in section I) of article 12 of Resolution No. 30/2011 of the UIF and its amendments, from the issuer, its parent company and other companies of the same group of which it is a part, as well as of the principal executives of any of them;

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Section |  | NYSE corporate governance rule for U.S. domestic issuers |  | Our approach
|  | B. the director has received, or has an immediate family member who has received, during any twelve-month period within the last three years, more than U.S.$120,000 in direct compensation from the listed company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary, other than director and committee fees and pension or other forms of deferred compensation for prior services (provided such compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service); C. (i) the director is a current partner or employee of a firm that is the listed company’s internal or external auditor; (ii) the director has an immediate family member who is a current partner of such firm; (iii) the director has an immediate family member who is a current employee of such firm and personally works on the company’s audit; or (iv) the director or an immediate family member was within the last three years a partner or employee of such firm and personally worked on the company’s audit within that time; D. the director, or an immediate family member is, or has been with the last three years, employed as an executive officer of another company where any of the listed company’s present executive officers at the same time serves or served on that company’s compensation committee; E. the director is a current employee, or an immediate family member is a current executive officer, of a company that has made payments to, or received payments from the listed company its parent or a consolidated subsidiary for property or services in an amount which, in any of the last three fiscal years, exceeds the greater of U.S.$1 million, or 2% of such other company’s consolidated gross revenues. |  | (g) receives any payment, including the participation in plans or stock option schemes, from the company or companies of the same economic group, other than the compensation paid to him or her as a director, except dividends paid as a shareholder of the company in the terms of section d) and the corresponding to the consideration set forth in section e); (h) has served as member of the board of director of the issuer, its parent company or another company belonging to the same economic group for more than ten years. If said relationship had ceased to exist during the previous three years, the independent condition will be recovered; (i) is the spouse or legally recognized partner, relative up to the third level of consanguinity or up to the second level of affinity of persons who, if they were members of the board of directors, would not be independent, according to the above listed criteria; Pursuant to the CNV Rules, a director who, after his or her appointment, falls into any of the circumstances indicated above, must immediately report to the issuer, which must inform the CNV and the authorized markets where it lists its negotiable securities immediately upon the occurrence of the event or upon the instance becoming known. In all cases, the references made to “significant participation” set forth in the aforementioned independence criteria will be considered as referring to those individuals who hold shares representing at least 5% of the capital stock and or the vote, or a smaller amount when they have the right to elect one or more directors by share class or have other shareholders agreements relating to the government and administration of the company or of its parent company. Pursuant to the CNV Rules we are required to report to the shareholders’ meeting, prior to voting for the appointment of any director, the status of such director as either “independent” or “non-independent.”
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
303A.03 |  | The non-management directors of a listed company must meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without management. |  | Neither Argentine law nor our bylaws require the holding of such meetings and we do not hold non-management directors meetings. The Argentine General Corporations Lawprovides, however, that the board shall meet at least once every three months, and according to our bylaws, whenever the chairman considers necessary to convene for a meeting.
303A.04 |  | A listed company must have a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors, with a written charter that covers certain minimum specified duties. “Controlled companies” are not required to comply with this requirement. |  | Pursuant to applicable local rules, we have an Ethics, Compliance and Corporate Governance committee. We also have a Nomination and Remuneration Committee which, among other duties, advises the Board of Directors on the nomination of directors.
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
303A.05 |  | A listed company must have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors, with a written charter that covers certain minimum specified duties. “Controlled companies” are not required to comply with this requirement. |  | Neither Argentine law nor our bylaws require the establishment of a compensation committee. However, we have a Nomination and Remuneration Committee which advises the Board of Directors on: (a) the nomination of directors and senior officers and their succession plans, (b) the remuneration polices for the Board of Directors, senior officers and the personnel, and (c) Human Resources policies, training and evaluation of the staff performance.

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Section |  | NYSE corporate governance rule for U.S. domestic issuers |  | Our approach
303A.06 303A.07 |  | A listed company must have an audit committee with a minimum of three independent directors who satisfy the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3, subject to certain specified exceptions, with a written charter that covers certain minimum specified duties. (a) The audit committee must have a minimum of three members. All of its members shall be financially literate or must acquire such financial knowledge within a reasonable period of time after the appointment and at least one of its members shall have experience in accounting or financial management. In addition to meeting any requirement of Rule 10A-3 (b) (1), all audit committee members must satisfy the independence requirements set out in Section 303A.02. (b) The audit committee must have a written charter that establishes the duties and responsibilities of its members, including, at a minimum, some of the duties and responsibilities required by Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and the following responsibilities set forth in NYSE Sections 303A.07(b)(iii)(A)-H) of the NYSE Manual. |  | The responsibilities of an audit committee, as provided in the Argentine Capital Markets Law and the CNV Rules are essentially the same as those provided for under Rule 10A-3, which we are required to satisfy. Argentine law requires the audit committee be composed of three or more members from the Board of Directors (with a majority of independent directors), all of whom must be well-versed in business, financial or accounting matters. Our Audit Committee is composed of three independent directors according to Rule 10A-3 and one of the members is well-versed in business, financial and accounting matters, in accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Audit Committee” section for further details about the Audit Committee Composition. Our audit committee performs the following duties and responsibilities among others: a)issues an opinion on the proposals made by the Board of Directors to the shareholders regarding the appointment of external auditors; b)analyses the services rendered by the external auditors and their fees, ensures their independence, reviews their planning and evaluates their performance, issuing an opinion on this matter when the Group files its annual financial statements; c)maintains an understanding of the internal audit policies to ensure that they are complete and up-to-date, and approves such policies, submitting them to the Board of Directors for their consideration and approval; d)ensures and evaluates the performance of the Internal Audit function, establishing its human and budgetary resources, approves the Annual Internal Audit Plan and additional ad-hoc audits, and oversees compliance with the Audit Plan, issuing an opinion on the planning and performance of Internal Audit when the annual financial statements of the Company are filed; e)ensures that the recommendations contained in audit reports are followed; f)oversees the sufficiency, adequacy and effectiveness of the internal control systems, to ensure the reliability, reasonableness, adequacy and transparency of the financial statements and the financial and accounting information of Grupo Supervielle; g)oversees the maintenance of adequate internal controls by each of Grupo Supervielle’s subsidiaries to minimize risk through the consolidation of best practices with respect to each of the businesses; h)evaluates the quality of internal processes with the aim of overseeing the quality control of customer service, the risk control and the efficiency control in the operation of Grupo Supervielle; i)takes knowledge of Grupo Supervielle’s financial, reputational, legal and operational risks and oversees compliance with policies designed to mitigate them and with information policies on risk management; j)assists the Board of Directors in the supervision of the financial statements, analyzing Grupo Supervielle’s financial statements and the consolidated financial statements with its controlled and associate companies prior to their presentation to the Board of Directors and with the necessary depth to assess their reasonableness, reliability and clarity; k)supervises the reliability of the financial information and the information on significant events that are presented to the markets and control agencies; l)assists the Board of Directors in supervising compliance with the established policies, processes, procedures and rules established by Grupo Supervielle and its controlled and associate companies; m)takes knowledge of compliance with the applicable regulations in matters related to conduct in the securities markets, data protection, as well as that the requirements of the competent bodies on these matters are addressed in a timely and appropriate manner; n)ensures that the Code of Ethics and Internal Codes of Conduct comply with current rules and regulations; o)verifies the fulfillment of any applicable rules of conduct; p)takes notice of complaints regarding accounting, internal control over financial reporting and auditing matters, received through the applicable procedures; q)provides the market with complete information on transactions in which there may be a conflict of interest with members of our various corporate bodies or controlling shareholders;

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Section |  | NYSE corporate governance rule for U.S. domestic issuers |  | Our approach
|  |  |  | r)issues grounded opinions on related-party transactions under certain circumstances and files such opinions with regulatory agencies as required by the CNV; s)issues an opinion on the reasonableness of fees and stock option plans for our Directors and managers proposed by the Board of Directors; t)issues a report before any decision of the Board of Directors to buyback shares of the Company; u)issues an opinion on the fulfillment of legal requirements and on the reasonableness of the terms of the issuance of shares or other securities that are convertible into shares, in cases of capital increase in which preemptive rights are excluded or limited; v)at least once a year and upon the filing of the Company´s annual financial statements, issues a report to the Board and shareholders addressing the work done to perform its duties, and the results of its work; w)prepares an action plan for each fiscal year, which must be presented to the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Committee within sixty calendar days of the beginning of the fiscal year; and x)performs all other duties stated in its charter, our bylaws, laws and regulations.
|  | A. at least annually, obtain and review a report by the independent auditor describing: the firm’s internal quality-control procedures; any material issues raised in the most recent internal quality-control review, or peer review, of the firm, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities, within the preceding five years, with respect to one or more independent audits carried out by the firm, and any steps taken to deal with any such issues; and (to assess the auditor’s independence) all relationships between the independent auditor and the listed company; B. meet with management and the independent auditor to review and discuss the listed company’s annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements, including a review of the company’s specific disclosures under Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”; C. discuss the listed company’s earnings press releases, as well as financial information and earnings guidance provided to analysts and rating agencies; D. discuss risk assessment and risk management policies; E. hold separate regular meetings with management, the internal auditors (or other personnel responsible for the internal audit function) and the independent auditors; F. review any issue or difficulty arising from the audit or management’s response with the independent auditor; G. set clear policies for the recruitment of employees or former employees of the independent auditors; and H. report regularly to the board of directors. (c) Rule 303A.07(c) establishes that each listed company must have an internal audit function to provide management and the audit committee with ongoing advice on the company’s risk management processes and internal control systems. |  | ​
|  | If a member of the audit committee is simultaneously a member of the audit committee of more than three public companies the board of directors shall determine whether such simultaneous service would prevent such members from effectively serving on the listed company’s audit committee, and disclose such determination in the order of business of the annual shareholders’ meeting of the listed company or in the company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC. |  |
303A.08 |  | Shareholders must be given the opportunity to vote on all equity-compensation plans and material revisions thereto, with limited exemptions set forth in the NYSE rules. |  | We do not currently offer equity-based compensation to our directors, executive officers or employees, and have no policy on this matter.
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
303A.09 |  | A listed company must adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines that cover certain minimum specified subjects, including director’s standards and responsibilities |  | The CNV Rules contain recommended Corporate Governance guidelines for listed companies and the Board of Directors must include on its annual report, the level of compliance of such guidelines. Since 2011, we have in place a Code of Corporate Governance which contains corporate governance guidelines. Our Code of Corporate Governance is subject to periodic revision in order to comply with the latest applicable regulations and standards and to include up-to-date best market practices. The latest revision of our Code of Corporate Governance was approved in October 2019.

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Section |  | NYSE corporate governance rule for U.S. domestic issuers |  | Our approach
303A.10 |  | A listed company must adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers. Each listed company may determine its own policies, which should address conflicts of interest, corporate opportunities, confidentiality, fair dealing, protection and proper use of listed company assets, compliance with laws, rules and regulations, and encouraging the reporting of any illegal or unethical behavior. |  | Neither Argentine law nor our bylaws require the adoption or disclosure of a code of business conduct. We, however, have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our employees.
303A.12 |  | a) Each listed company CEO must certify to the NYSE each year that he or she is not aware of any violation by the company of NYSE corporate governance listing standards. b) Each listed company CEO must promptly notify the NYSE in writing after any executive officer of the listed company becomes aware of any non-compliance with any applicable provisions of this Section 303A. c) Each listed company must submit an executed Written Affirmation annually to the NYSE. In addition, each listed company must submit an interim Written Affirmation as and when required by the interim Written Affirmation form specified by the NYSE. |  | Comparable provisions do not exist under Argentine law and CNV Rules.

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Item 16.HMine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

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Item 16.IDisclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not applicable.

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Item 16.JInsider Trading Policies

On December 26, 2023, our Board of Directors adopted insider trading policies which govern the purchase, sale, and other dispositions of our securities by directors, senior management, and employees that are reasonably designed to promote compliance with applicable insider trading laws, rules, and regulations, and any listing standards applicable to us. Copies of these insider trading policies are filed herewith as Exhibit 11.1.

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Item 16.KCybersecurity

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Risk management and strategy

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Cybersecurity is one of our strategic priorities and one of the pillars of our digital transformation. Our information security team defines the strategy, policies, practices, procedures, and organizational structure that best aligns with our business objectives, which we use to identify, analyze, evaluate, measure, mitigate, and monitor cybersecurity risks. We work together with different teams of our organization to conduct continuous analysis of potential failures, vulnerabilities or risks that may impact our processes and products.

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Our information security strategy is based on the following three security frameworks: defense in depth, security by design, and zero trust. During 2024, we focused on improving the level of maturity our systems using the Center for Internet Security controls framework, which is based on internationally recognized cybersecurity best practices. Additionally, our controls are aligned to new regulations of regulatory bodies such as the Central Bank. This strategy is implemented by a multidisciplinary group of information security professionals who work full-time and operate in an agile and collaborative manner. They collaborate not only among themselves but also with our business teams to maintain and develop new products.

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Our security professionals are organized in the following teams: (i) a “green team” who is responsible for managing digital identities, (ii) a “red team” whose mission is to perform cyberattack tests to our products and infrastructure through vulnerability assessment and penetration tests, (iii) a “blue team” who is focused on protecting our information assets, delivering security solutions to product-building cells, and strengthening defense mechanisms based on the findings made by our “red team,” and (iv) a “purple team” who is assembled ad hoc with members from the blue and red teams to conduct retrospective analyses. All these teams manage and mitigate cybersecurity risks on a regular basis. These teams work in bi-weekly sprints, holding daily and weekly meetings where

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information related to the progress of ongoing projects, new products, risks and threats is exchanged and analyzed. Executive summaries of all the activities carried out by these teams are compiled, analyzed, and discussed bi-monthly in meetings of our Cybersecurity Committee, which are attended by senior management, directors, and the Company’s chairman.

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As cyber-attacks evolve and become more sophisticated, companies must strengthen their prevention and monitoring efforts and adopt new measures to mitigate cybersecurity risks. In recent years, the average number of cybersecurity incidents has increased significantly worldwide. As a result, in 2024, one of our goals was to prevent the most common cyberattacks, which are related to ransomware, smishing, phishing, brand abuse, among others, ant to maintain ratios below the competition. Therefore, we have enhanced our system monitoring capabilities, paying special attention to critical assets that support business processes. Additionally, we have incorporated machine learning and artificial intelligence to achieve automation and improve efficiency in our security services. Our cybersecurity Security Operations Center (“SOC”), which operated by a third party, enables us to detect and respond to cyber-attacks. In addition, our threat intelligence service proactively detects potential cyber-attacks on our infrastructure and/or ours customers through the analysis of Clear, Deep, and Dark web sources. We will promptly report any material incidents to the supervisory or regulatory authorities.

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For the second consecutive year, we are in compliance with the SWIFT security assessment and we meet all mandatory and recommended controls. This milestone underscores our unwavering commitment to cybersecurity excellence, demonstrating a proactive and innovative approach to safeguarding critical assets and customer data. By maintaining the highest standards of protection on one of the most targeted infrastructures in the financial sector, we reinforce our resilience against evolving threats.

To address the dynamic nature of cyber risks, we have implemented several strategic initiatives. These include a comprehensive information classification framework, significantly improved through automation to prevent data leakage by blocking unauthorized transmissions. Additionally, we conduct regular inspections and testing of our security measures through simulation exercises, including cybersecurity tests by our “red team.” These exercises help us identify vulnerabilities through technical assessments, social engineering simulations, and ethical phishing campaigns. We have also embraced a model to ensure that our business initiatives, products and their underlying technologies are secure.

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We have also adopted an innovative gamification approach to educate diverse audiences on secure operations while actively participating in prominent cybersecurity events in Argentina. During 2024, we implemented a comprehensive communication campaign addressed to employees and clients to raise awareness about secure digital transactions. This initiative featured redesigned materials, updated security tips, and tutorials across social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter (currently named X), and YouTube, alongside dedicated cybersecurity blogs offering resources for scam victims. This continued effort strengthens our commitment to promoting security and prevention, reinforcing our position as a leader in cybersecurity awareness.

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Based on the information we have as of the date of this Form 20-F, we do not believe any cybersecurity threats have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Group, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. However, despite our efforts to identify and respond to cybersecurity threats, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats, or provide assurances that we have not experienced an undetected cybersecurity incident. For more information about these risks, see “Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Cybersecurity events could negatively affect our reputation, results of operations and financial condition.”

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Governance

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To ensure that the Company’s security strategy is implemented efficiently, we have established a security governance model. This security governance model has been prepared by committees responsible for approving and supervising the execution of the information security strategy in areas such as corporate security and risk management.

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While the primary responsibility for cybersecurity lies with our CISO, who has more than 30 years of experience and extensive academic training in cybersecurity and cryptography, we recognize the importance to collaborate with other experts and we highly value the diversity of expert opinions.

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262

In addition to our CISO, our Cybersecurity Committee plays a key role in implementing our information security strategy. Our Cybersecurity Committee is composed of the following members: two directors of Grupo Supervielle, the CEO of Grupo Supervielle, the CEO of Banco Supervielle S.A., the Chief Risk Officer, the Corporate Audit team, and the CISO of Grupo Supervielle and Banco Supervielle. Additionally, the Chief Technology Officers and the Chief Product and Information Officer of our subsidiaries participate in the meetings of our Cybersecurity Committee.

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Our Operational Risk Committee analyzes deviations to our information security policy and adopts decisions in line with the Group’s risk appetite. This committee reports to the Integral Risk Committee which discusses cybersecurity matters and reports to our Board of Directors. Our Operational Risk Committee communicates every month all the decisions taken by it. In compliance with regulatory standards, our Operational Risk Committee convenes periodically to fulfill its primary objective of reviewing reports submitted by the Group’s non-financial risk management department. These reports provide thorough evaluations encompassing operational and technological risks, reputational risks, supplier risks, and environmental risks. Additionally, these reports include assessments of potential deviations in planned evaluation processes.

Moreover, our Operational Risk Committee oversees the implementation of mitigation plans, key risk indicators, and internal control reports. As part of its responsibilities, this committee offers recommendations to address emerging risks or enhance risk management strategies. The composition of the Operational Risk Committee includes key members such as the Deputy General Manager, the Corporate Manager of Comprehensive Risks, the Chief Risk Officer, the Corporate Manager of Legal Affairs, the Corporate Manager of Internal Audit, the Corporate Manager of Transformation, the Executive Manager of Comprehensive Risks, the Compliance Manager and SOX Manager.

Our Board of Directors regularly receives cybersecurity updates as an integral part of its ongoing risk oversight from the Board committees. Additionally ,the Chief Product and Information Officer, the Chief Risk Officer and the Chief Information Security Officer may convene ad hoc meetings with board members. Our incident response plan set forth procedures for incident escalation, including convening crisis committees comprised by members of our Board of Directors, in order to facilitate decision-making procedures in response to cybersecurity events. Our crisis committees analyze the quantitative and/or qualitative materiality of cybersecurity events to determine if they exceeds the materiality thresholds and the actions to be taken in response thereto, which enables us to adopt swift and effective responses to mitigate potential impacts on our operations and reputation.

Item 17.Financial Statements

Not applicable.

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Item 18.Financial Statements

Our audited consolidated financial statements are included in this annual report beginning at Page F-1.

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Item 19.Exhibit Index

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Exhibit Number |  | Description
1.1 |  | Bylaws of Grupo Supervielle (English translation), as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to our Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-37777) filed on April 26, 2024) .
2.1 |  | Deposit Agreement among Grupo Supervielle, The Bank of New York Mellon, as depositary, and the holders from time to time of American depositary shares issued thereunder, including the form of American depositary receipts, dated May 18, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-37777) filed on May 1, 2017). ​
2(d) | ​ | Description of Securities Registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2(d) to our Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-37777) filed on April 26, 2023). ​
8.1 |  | List of subsidiaries of Grupo Supervielle as of the date of this annual report (filed herein). ​
11.1 | ​ | Insider Trading Policy (filed herein).
12.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herein).
12.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herein).
13.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herein).
​ | ​ | ​
97 | ​ | Incentive Compensation Clawback Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97 to our Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-37777) filed on April 26, 2024) .
101. INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document.
​ | ​ | ​
101. SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101. CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
​ | ​ | ​
101. LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101. PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101. DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
​ | ​ | ​
104 | ​ | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL).

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The amount of long-term debt securities of Grupo Supervielle authorized under any given instrument does not exceed 10% of its total assets on a consolidated basis. Grupo Supervielle hereby agrees to furnish to the SEC, upon its request, a copy of any instrument defining the rights of holders of its long-term debt or of its subsidiaries for which consolidated or unconsolidated financial statements are required to be filed.

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264

SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

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|  | GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.
| By: | /s/ Julio Patricio Supervielle
|  | Name: Julio Patricio Supervielle
|  | Title: Chief Executive Officer
| By: | /s/ Mariano Biglia
|  | Name: Mariano Biglia
|  | Title: Chief Financial Officer

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Date: April 21, 2025

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Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and

for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

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Contents

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Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB 1349) | F-2
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 | F-5
Consolidated Income Statement for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 | F-7
Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 | F-8
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 | F-9
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 | F-10
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-11

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F-1

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Report of Independent Registe red Public Accounting Fir m

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To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Grupo Supervielle S.A.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of Grupo Supervielle S.A. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated income statement, consolidated statement of other comprehensive income, consolidated statement of changes in shareholders’ equity and consolidated statement of cash flow for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 in conformity with IFRS Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being

F-2

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made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Fair value of financial instruments that do not have an active market

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As described in Notes 2.a and 6.1 to the consolidated financial statements, the fair value of financial instruments not listed in active markets is determined based on valuation techniques. The balance of this type of instruments as of December 31, 2024 is Ps.109,754,956 thousand. Included in this balance are Ps.109,096,584 thousand of financial assets which are classified as Level 2. These financial instruments are priced using techniques that are regularly validated and reviewed by qualified personnel from the company independent from the area which developed them. The significant assumptions used by management to value the financial instruments included implicit rates in the last available tender for similar securities and spot rate curves. These valuation techniques require management to make estimates and judgments for complex instruments involving pricing models.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to fair value of financial instruments that do not have an active market is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment made by management to determine the fair value of these financial instruments due to the use of an internally-developed model, which included significant assumptions related to the implicit rates in the last available tender for similar securities and spot rate curves; this in turn led to a high degree of auditor subjectivity and judgment to evaluate the audit evidence obtained related to the valuation, and the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the fair value of financial instruments that do not have an active market. These procedures also included, among others, testing management process for (i) evaluating the reasonableness of implicit rates in the last available tender for similar securities and spot rate curves and the appropriateness of the valuation models used; (ii) testing the mathematical accuracy of the valuation techniques; and (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of data provided by management. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the appropriateness of valuation method and the evaluation of implicit rates in the last available tender for similar securities and spot rate curves.

Estimation of the allowance for loan losses of financial assets measured at amortized cost and fair value through OCI

​

As described in Notes 1.11.2, 1.11.6, 2.b and 25 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s allowance for loan losses was Ps.49,373,034 thousand as of December 31, 2024. The Company assesses impairment under the expected credit losses method described in International Financial Reporting Standard N°9 “Financial Instruments” (“IFRS 9”). Management’s models used to determine the expected credit loss include the use of significant judgement, and assumptions such as the definition of what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk and the development of assumptions and estimates to incorporate relevant information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of economic conditions. The impact of the forecasts of economic conditions are determined based on the weighted average of three internally developed macroeconomic scenarios that take into

F-3

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consideration the Group´s economic outlook as derived through forecast macroeconomic variables, which include inflation rate, monthly economic activity estimator, Private sector deposits, Badlar Rate, private sector real loans and private sector real wage.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the estimation of the allowance for loan losses of financial assets measured at amortized cost and fair value through OCI is a critical audit matter are: (i) that is an area highly subjective that involves a significant amount of judgment and effort in developing the valuation models for determining the allowance for loan losses, (ii) the significant judgments and estimations made by management in both the forecast of macroeconomic variables, which include inflation rate, monthly economic activity estimator, Private sector deposits, Badlar Rate, private sector real loans and private sector real wage and in the definition of what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk, both of which significantly affect its estimate of expected credit losses at the balance sheet date, (iii) the audit of these figures involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s allowance for loan losses estimation process, which included controls over the data, models and assumptions used in the estimation process. These procedures also included, among others, (i) evaluating models used by management, the reasonableness of significant assumptions of forecasts of macroeconomic variables, which include inflation rate, monthly economic activity estimator, Private sector deposits, Badlar Rate, private sector real loans and private sector real wage, the methodology used for the generation of the macroeconomic scenarios (ii) evaluating the definition of what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk (iii) testing the mathematical accuracy of the impairment calculation for the credit balances (iv) testing the completeness and accuracy of data provided by management. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating and testing the appropriateness of the models used by management and the reasonableness of the definition of what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk, the assumptions and estimates made by Management to incorporate relevant information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of economic conditions.

/s/ PRICE WATERHOUSE & Co. S.R.L.
​ /s/ SEBASTIAN MORAZZO (Partner)
Sebastián Morazzo
Buenos Aires, Argentina
April 21, 2025.
​
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2008.

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F-4

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
ASSETS | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and due from banks (Note 1.6 and 5) |  | 652,975,869 |  | 498,892,707
Cash |  | 151,871,913 |  | 248,262,689
Financial institutions and correspondents |  |  |  |
Argentine Central Bank |  | 479,050,091 |  | 225,679,189
Other local financial institutions |  | 20,447,713 |  | 22,303,346
Others |  | 1,606,152 |  | 2,647,483
Debt Securities at fair value through profit or loss (Note 1.6, 1.8, 5, 6 and 15.1) |  | 263,332,202 |  | 101,076,778
Derivatives (Note 1.9, 5, 6, 9 and 15.2) |  | 4,627,810 |  | 8,264,332
Reverse Repo transactions (Note 5 and 8) | ​ | — | ​ | 1,645,657,441
Other financial assets (Note 1.6, 5, 6 and 15.3) |  | 28,633,163 |  | 101,259,616
Loans and other financing (Note 5 and 25) |  | 2,170,078,164 |  | 1,050,611,692
To the non-financial public sector |  | 3,231,834 |  | 4,507,958
To the financial sector |  | 20,370,876 |  | 8,724,800
To the Non-Financial Private Sector and Foreign residents |  | 2,146,475,454 |  | 1,037,378,934
Other debt securities (Note 5, 6 and 15.4) |  | 812,895,743 |  | 546,979,858
Financial assets pledged as collateral (Note 5, 6 and 15.5) |  | 175,351,966 |  | 101,004,445
Current income tax assets |  | — |  | —
Inventories (Note 15.6) |  | — |  | —
Investments in equity instruments (Note 5 and 6) |  | 710,730 |  | 796,982
Property, plant and equipment (Note 12) |  | 101,936,609 |  | 111,389,656
Investment Property (Note 13) |  | 78,633,619 |  | 99,293,821
Intangible assets (Note 14) |  | 166,012,077 |  | 147,282,372
Deferred income tax assets (Note 4.1) |  | 15,112,717 |  | 28,222,382
Other non-financial assets (Note 15.6) |  | 35,542,215 |  | 40,860,794
TOTAL ASSETS |  | 4,505,842,884 |  | 4,481,592,876

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statement.

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F-5

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |
Deposits (Note 5 and 15.7) |  | 3,173,461,243 |  | 3,373,001,922
Non-financial public sector |  | 144,705,833 |  | 219,392,129
Financial sector |  | 185,277 |  | 1,037,729
Non-financial private sector and foreign residents |  | 3,028,570,133 |  | 3,152,572,064
Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (Note 5 and 15.8) |  | — |  | 1,323,792
Derivatives | ​ | 1,734,047 | ​ | —
Repo transactions (Note 5 and 8) | ​ | 33,962,592 | ​ | 2,047,701
Other financial liabilities (Note 5 and 15.9) |  | 166,185,156 |  | 158,398,928
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions (Note 1.6, 5 and 15.10) |  | 39,297,868 |  | 5,862,129
Unsubordinated debt securities (Note 1.6, 5 and 23) |  | 51,157,866 |  | —
Current income tax liability | ​ | 5,230,697 | ​ | 1,605,312
Provisions (Note 15.11 and 16 ) |  | 40,602,849 |  | 32,441,700
Deferred income tax liabilities (Note 4.1) |  | 3,167,675 |  | 3,516,680
Other non-financial liabilities (Note 15.12) |  | 192,243,877 |  | 159,403,624
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  | 3,707,043,870 |  | 3,737,601,788
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |
Capital stock | ​ | 437,731 | ​ | 442,672
Paid in capital | ​ | 554,292,371 | ​ | 554,292,371
Inflation Adjustment of capital stock | ​ | 59,149,131 | ​ | 61,410,001
Treasury shares | ​ | 18,991 | ​ | 14,050
Inflation adjustment of treasury shares | ​ | 8,690,435 | ​ | 6,429,565
Cost of Treasury shares | ​ | (21,167,430) | ​ | (11,250,573)
Reserves | ​ | 93,268,053 | ​ | 9,380,391
Retained earnings | ​ | (14,754,304) | ​ | (15,132,712)
Other comprehensive income | ​ | 13,306,986 | ​ | 25,409,721
Net Income/ (loss) for the year | ​ | 104,493,377 | ​ | 112,400,519
Shareholders' Equity attributable to owners of the parent company |  | 797,735,341 |  | 743,396,005
Shareholders' Equity attributable to non-controlling interests |  | 1,063,673 |  | 595,083
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  | 798,799,014 |  | 743,991,088

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The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statement.

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F-6

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

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Consolidated Income Statement

For the financial years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Interest income (Note 15.13) |  | 1,661,292,847 |  | 2,521,043,538 |  | 1,708,038,478
Interest expenses (Note 15.14) |  | (888,013,611) |  | (1,797,625,868) |  | (1,122,352,416)
Net interest income |  | 773,279,236 |  | 723,417,670 |  | 585,686,062
Net income from financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss (Note 15.15) |  | 141,064,297 |  | 300,690,295 |  | 123,736,947
Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost | ​ | 82,063,602 | ​ | 36,708,632 | ​ | 3,335,307
Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency |  | 9,272,117 |  | 12,632,268 |  | 18,600,899
Net Income From Financial instruments And Exchange Rate Differences |  | 232,400,016 |  | 350,031,195 |  | 145,673,153
Net Financial Income |  | 1,005,679,252 |  | 1,073,448,865 |  | 731,359,215
Service Fee Income (Note 15.16) |  | 195,703,684 |  | 202,792,927 |  | 205,739,105
Service Fee Expense (Note 15.17) |  | (42,580,483) |  | (52,646,702) |  | (72,717,207)
Income from insurance activities (Note 15.18 and 18) |  | 24,994,738 |  | 31,426,151 |  | 30,713,717
Net Service Fee Income |  | 178,117,939 |  | 181,572,376 |  | 163,735,615
Subtotal |  | 1,183,797,191 |  | 1,255,021,241 |  | 895,094,830
Results from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money |  | (305,891,382) |  | (237,195,789) |  | (120,362,179)
Other operating income (Note 15.19) |  | 39,193,274 |  | 51,585,475 |  | 71,145,716
Impairment losses on financial assets |  | (59,513,217) |  | (73,255,839) |  | (96,098,277)
Net operating income |  | 857,585,866 |  | 996,155,088 |  | 749,780,090
Personnel expenses (Note 15.20) |  | (293,324,953) |  | (349,282,955) |  | (365,462,914)
Administration expenses (Note 15.21) |  | (174,327,118) |  | (183,876,763) |  | (193,693,796)
Depreciation and impairment of non-financial assets (Note 15.22) |  | (52,584,122) |  | (69,534,698) |  | (68,481,877)
Other operating expenses (Note 15.23) |  | (194,482,478) |  | (205,328,699) |  | (180,580,532)
Income / (Loss) before taxes |  | 142,867,195 |  | 188,131,973 |  | (58,439,029)
Income tax (Note 4) |  | (38,297,900) |  | (75,640,054) |  | 24,311,301
Net Income / (Loss) for the year |  | 104,569,295 |  | 112,491,919 |  | (34,127,728)
Net Income / (Loss) for the year attributable to owners of the parent company |  | 104,493,377 |  | 112,400,519 |  | (34,090,702)
Net Income / (Loss) for the year attributable to non-controlling interests |  | 75,918 |  | 91,400 |  | (37,026)
NUMERATOR | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Income / (Loss) for the year attributable to owners of the parent company | ​ | 104,493,377 | ​ | 112,400,519 | ​ | (34,090,702)
PLUS: Diluting events inherent to potential ordinary shares | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Net income attributable to owners of the parent company adjusted by dilution | ​ | 104,493,377 | ​ | 112,400,519 | ​ | (34,090,702)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
DENOMINATOR | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average of oustanding ordinary shares | ​ | 439,664 | ​ | 442,727 | ​ | 454,274
Weighted average of oustanding ordinary shares issued of the period adjusted by dilution effect | ​ | 439,664 | ​ | 442,727 | ​ | 454,274
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic Income | ​ | 237.67 | ​ | 253.88 | ​ | (75.04)
Diluted Income | ​ | 237.67 | ​ | 253.88 | ​ | (75.04)

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The accompanying notes and schedules are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statement.

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F-7

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Net Income / (loss) for the year |  | 104,569,295 |  | 112,491,919 |  | (34,127,728)
Components of Other Comprehensive Income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss |  |  |  |  |  |
Revaluation Losses of property, plant and equipment |  | (4,991,822) |  | (4,559,159) |  | (5,686,459)
Income tax |  | 1,747,138 |  | 1,595,705 |  | 1,990,257
Net revaluation surplus of property, plant and equipment |  | (3,244,684) |  | (2,963,454) |  | (3,696,202)
Loss from equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income |  | (237,164) |  | (1,532,967) |  | (318,756)
Income tax |  | 83,007 |  | 536,539 |  | 111,567
Net Income loss from equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income |  | (154,157) |  | (996,428) |  | (207,189)
Total Other Comprehensive Income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss |  | (3,398,841) |  | (3,959,882) |  | (3,903,391)
Components of Other Comprehensive Income that may be reclassified to profit or loss |  |  |  |  |  |
Income/(loss) from financial instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income |  | (15,586,166) |  | 16,050,658 |  | (6,887,223)
Income tax |  | 5,693,335 |  | (5,851,324) |  | 2,502,270
Net (loss)/income from financial instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income |  | (9,892,831) |  | 10,199,334 |  | (4,384,953)
Foreign currency translation adjustment | ​ | 1,001,627 | ​ | 964,381 | ​ | 414,014
Foreign currency translation adjustment for the fiscal year | ​ | 1,001,627 | ​ | 964,381 | ​ | 414,014
Other Comprehensive (loss)/income that may be reclassified to profit or loss |  | (8,891,204) |  | 11,163,715 |  | (3,970,939)
Other Comprehensive (loss)/income |  | (12,290,045) |  | 7,203,833 |  | (7,874,330)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to parent company |  | (12,274,629) |  | 7,195,601 |  | (7,865,999)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | (15,416) |  | 8,232 |  | (8,331)
Comprehensive Income / (loss) |  | 92,279,250 |  | 119,695,752 |  | (42,002,058)
Comprehensive Income / (loss) for the year attributable to owners of the parent company |  | 92,218,748 |  | 119,596,120 |  | (41,956,701)
Comprehensive Income / (loss) for the year attributable to non-controlling interest |  | 60,502 |  | 99,632 |  | (45,357)

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statement.

​

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F-8

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

For the financial years ended on December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | Total |  | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Inflation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total | ​ | Shareholders´ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Inflation | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Inflation | ​ | Cost of | ​ | adjustment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Other | ​ | Shareholders´ equity | ​ | equity attributable | ​ | Total
​ | ​ | Capital | ​ | adjustment | ​ | Paid in | ​ | Treasury | ​ | adjustment of | ​ | of treasury | ​ | of cost of | ​ | Legal | ​ | Other | ​ | Retained | ​ | comprehensive | ​ | attributable to parent | ​ | to non-controlling | ​ | shareholders´
Items | ​ | stock | ​ | of capital Stock | ​ | capital | ​ | shares | ​ | treasury shares | ​ | shares | ​ | treasury shares | ​ | reserve | ​ | reserves | ​ | earnings | ​ | income | ​ | company | ​ | interest | ​ | equity
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  | 456,722 |  | 67,839,568 |  | 575,395,146 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7,025,258 |  | 54,208,780 |  | (50,622,394) |  | 26,039,545 |  | 680,342,625 |  | 540,442 |  | 680,883,067
Other movements |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (40,574) | ​ | 40,574 | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​
Share premium in subsidiaries |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 366 | ​ | 366
Consideration of results approved by the General Assembly of Shareholders held on April 27, 2022: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Constitution of reserves |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (15,851,546) | ​ | 15,851,546 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Dividend payment |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (3,335,464) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (3,335,464) | ​ | — | ​ | (3,335,464)
Acquisition of own shares |  | (12,311) | ​ | (5,633,392) | ​ | — | ​ | 12,311 | ​ | 5,633,390 | ​ | (839,366) | ​ | (8,541,045) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (9,380,413) | ​ | — | ​ | (9,380,413)
Net loss for the year |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (34,090,702) | ​ | — | ​ | (34,090,702) | ​ | (37,026) | ​ | (34,127,728)
Other comprehensive income for the year |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (7,865,999) | ​ | (7,865,999) | ​ | (8,331) | ​ | (7,874,330)
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | 444,411 |  | 62,206,176 |  | 575,395,146 |  | 12,311 |  | 5,633,390 |  | (839,366) |  | (8,541,045) |  | 7,025,258 |  | 35,021,770 |  | (68,902,124) |  | 18,214,120 |  | 625,670,047 |  | 495,451 |  | 626,165,498
Consideration of results approved by the General Assembly of Shareholders held on April 27, 2023: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other Reserves ( use of reserve) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (21,102,775) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (7,025,258) | ​ | (25,641,379) | ​ | 53,769,412 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Acquisition of treasury shares | ​ | (1,739) | ​ | (796,175) | ​ | — | ​ | 1,739 | ​ | 796,175 | ​ | (643,380) | ​ | (1,226,782) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (1,870,162) | ​ | — | ​ | (1,870,162)
Net Income for the year | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 112,400,519 | ​ | — | ​ | 112,400,519 | ​ | 91,400 | ​ | 112,491,919
Other comprehensive Income for the year | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 7,195,601 | ​ | 7,195,601 | ​ | 8,232 | ​ | 7,203,833
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | 442,672 |  | 61,410,001 |  | 554,292,371 |  | 14,050 |  | 6,429,565 |  | (1,482,746) |  | (9,767,827) |  | — |  | 9,380,391 |  | 97,267,807 |  | 25,409,721 |  | 743,396,005 |  | 595,083 |  | 743,991,088
Disposal of equity instruments measured to VR ORI | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (171,894) | ​ | 171,894 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Subsidiaries' Stock compensation plans | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 408,088 | ​ | 408,088
Consideration of results approved by the General Assembly of Shareholders held on April 19, 2024: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | —
Constitution of reserves | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 12,266,518 | ​ | 71,621,144 | ​ | (83,887,662) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Dividend distribution | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (27,962,555) | ​ | — | ​ | (27,962,555) | ​ | — | ​ | (27,962,555)
Acquisition of treasury shares | ​ | (4,941) | ​ | (2,260,870) | ​ | — | ​ | 4,941 | ​ | 2,260,870 | ​ | (7,999,800) | ​ | (1,917,057) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (9,916,857) | ​ | — | ​ | (9,916,857)
Net Income for the year | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 104,493,377 | ​ | — | ​ | 104,493,377 | ​ | 75,918 | ​ | 104,569,295
Other comprehensive Income for the year | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (12,274,629) | ​ | (12,274,629) | ​ | (15,416) | ​ | (12,290,045)
Balance at December 31, 2024 | ​ | 437,731 | ​ | 59,149,131 | ​ | 554,292,371 | ​ | 18,991 | ​ | 8,690,435 | ​ | (9,482,546) | ​ | (11,684,884) | ​ | 12,266,518 | ​ | 81,001,535 | ​ | 89,739,073 | ​ | 13,306,986 | ​ | 797,735,341 | ​ | 1,063,673 | ​ | 798,799,014

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statement.

​

​

​

F-9

​

​

​

​

​

GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow

For the financial years ended on December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Cash flow from operating activities |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net Income /(loss) for the year |  | 104,569,295 | ​ | 112,491,919 | ​ | (34,127,728)
Adjustments to obtain flows from operating activities: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Income tax |  | 38,297,900 | ​ | 75,640,054 | ​ | (24,311,301)
Depreciation and Impairment of non - financial assets |  | 52,584,122 | ​ | 69,534,698 | ​ | 68,481,877
Impairment losses on financial assets |  | 59,513,217 | ​ | 73,255,839 | ​ | 96,098,277
Other adjustments: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Exchange rate difference on gold and foreign currency |  | (9,272,117) | ​ | (12,632,268) | ​ | (18,600,899)
Interest Income from loans and other financings |  | (1,661,292,847) | ​ | (2,521,043,538) | ​ | (1,708,038,478)
Interest Expense from deposits and financing received |  | 888,013,611 | ​ | 1,797,625,868 | ​ | 1,122,352,416
Net income financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss |  | (141,064,297) | ​ | (300,690,295) | ​ | (123,736,947)
Fair value measurement of investment properties |  | 10,188,877 | ​ | 15,270,191 | ​ | 5,451,222
Results from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money |  | 305,891,382 | ​ | 237,195,789 | ​ | 120,362,179
Interest on liabilities for financial leases |  | 1,920,878 | ​ | 73,365 | ​ | 3,386,547
Provisions reversed |  | (4,607,832) | ​ | (11,982,685) | ​ | (22,054,889)
Result from derecognition of financial assets measured at amortized cost | ​ | (82,063,602) | ​ | (36,708,632) | ​ | (3,335,307)
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(Increases) / decreases from operating assets: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 110,559,464 | ​ | 410,410,400 | ​ | 130,202,160
Derivatives |  | 3,636,522 | ​ | (6,260,077) | ​ | 926,390
Reverse Repo transactions |  | 1,645,657,441 | ​ | (1,499,306,678) | ​ | 419,673,327
Loans and other financing |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
To the non-financial public sector |  | 1,276,124 | ​ | (2,624,770) | ​ | (1,582,830)
To the other financial entities |  | (11,646,076) | ​ | (4,354,012) | ​ | (3,355,875)
To the non-financial sector and foreign residents |  | 497,290,942 | ​ | 3,002,490,513 | ​ | 2,103,258,859
Other debt securities |  | (265,915,885) | ​ | 1,282,181,407 | ​ | (786,527,498)
Financial assets pledged as collateral |  | (74,347,521) | ​ | (2,887,713) | ​ | 14,692,042
Other assets |  | 70,481,375 | ​ | (203,881,815) | ​ | 104,767,978
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Increases / (decreases) from operating liabilities: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deposits |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-financial public sector |  | (74,686,296) | ​ | 30,578,889 | ​ | 37,233,310
Financial sector |  | (852,452) | ​ | 349,898 | ​ | 171,349
Private non-financial sector and foreign residents |  | (1,010,608,387) | ​ | (2,168,443,451) | ​ | (1,257,270,988)
Derivatives |  | 1,734,047 | ​ | — | ​ | —
Repo transactions |  | 31,914,891 | ​ | 2,047,701 | ​ | —
Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |  | (1,323,792) | ​ | (13,182,617) | ​ | (12,615,674)
Other liabilities |  | 47,400,025 | ​ | 33,136,242 | ​ | (214,510,885)
Income Tax paid |  | (14,388,375) | ​ | (14,326,676) | ​ | (5,743,355)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net cash provided by operating activities (A) | ​ | 518,860,634 | ​ | 343,957,546 | ​ | 11,245,279
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash flows from investing activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Payments related to: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Purchase of PPE, intangible assets and other assets | ​ | (57,388,325) | ​ | (53,899,257) | ​ | (56,702,974)
Purchase of liabilities and equity instruments issued by other entities | ​ | 86,252 | ​ | 2,611,040 | ​ | 82,996
Collections: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Disposals related to PPE, intangible assets and other assets |  | 11,059,471 | ​ | 10,154,017 | ​ | 5,390,421
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net cash used in investing activities (B) |  | (46,242,602) | ​ | (41,134,200) | ​ | (51,229,557)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash flows from financing activities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Payments: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Lease liabilities | ​ | (8,893,219) | ​ | (10,897,240) | ​ | (17,262,197)
Unsubordinated debt securities | ​ | (2,342,101) | ​ | (3,882,340) | ​ | (10,184,994)
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions | ​ | (267,100,285) | ​ | (331,717,810) | ​ | (1,183,896,947)
Subordinated debt securities | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Dividends distribution | ​ | (27,962,555) | ​ | — | ​ | (3,335,464)
Acquisition of treasury shares | ​ | (9,916,857) | ​ | (1,870,162) | ​ | (9,380,411)
Collections: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Unsubordinated debt securities |  | 52,092,812 | ​ | 75,242 | ​ | —
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | 300,536,024 | ​ | 300,081,404 | ​ | 1,138,802,074
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net cash used in financing activities (C) |  | 36,413,819 | ​ | (48,210,906) | ​ | (85,257,939)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Effects of exchange rate changes (D) |  | 265,181,131 | ​ | 472,458,135 | ​ | 21,138,355
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of the currency of Cash and equivalents (E) | ​ | (561,800,396) | ​ | (545,654,907) | ​ | (117,829,693)
Net increase/ (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (A+B+C+D+E) |  | 212,412,586 | ​ | 181,415,668 | ​ | (221,933,555)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year |  | 550,325,469 | ​ | 368,909,801 | ​ | 590,843,356
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year |  | 762,738,055 | ​ | 550,325,469 | ​ | 368,909,801

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statement.

​

​

F-10

Table of Contents

GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​

1. ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND BASIS OF PREPARATION

Grupo Supervielle S.A. (individually referred to as “Grupo Supervielle” or “the Company” and jointly with its subsidiaries as the “Group”), is a financial services holding company organized under the laws of Argentina that conducts its business through its subsidiaries, providing banking services, proprietary brand credit card services, personal loans, insurance and other services.

Grupo Supervielle´s Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 include the assets, liabilities and results of the controlled companies detailed in Note 1.2.

1.1 Basis of preparation

These Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

​

The preparation of Financial Statements at a certain date requires Management to make estimations and evaluations affecting the amount of assets and liabilities recorded and contingent assets and liabilities disclosed at such date, as well as income and expenses recorded during the year. Actual results might differ from the estimates and evaluations made at the date of preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements. The most significant judgments made by Management in applying Grupo Supervielle’s accounting policies and the major estimations and significant judgments are described in Note 2.

These consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024, were approved by resolution of the Board of Directors' meeting held on April 21, 2025.

1.1.1 Going concern

The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 have been prepared on a going concern basis as there is a reasonable expectation that Grupo Supervielle will continue its operational activities in the foreseeable future (and in any event with a time horizon of more than twelve months from the end of the reporting period).

1.1.2 Measuring Unit – IAS 29 (Financial reporting in hyperinflationary economies)

The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Entity are expressed in Argentine pesos which is the functional currency of the Group.

IAS 29 establishes the conditions under which an entity shall restate its financial statements if it is located in an economic environment considered hyperinflationary. This Standard requires that the financial statements of an entity that reports in the currency of a highly inflationary economy shall be stated in terms of the measuring unit current at the closing date of the latest reporting period, regardless of whether they are based on a historical cost approach or a current cost approach. To this end, in general terms, the inflation rate must be computed in the non-monetary items as from the acquisition date or the revaluation date, as applicable. These requirements also comprise the comparative information of the financial statements.

To determine the existence of a highly inflationary economy under the terms of IAS 29, the standard details a series of factors to consider, including a cumulative inflation rate over three years that is close to or exceeds 100%.

It is important to highlight that the three-year accumulated inflation rate as of December 31, 2024 reached 1,221.0. Consequently, the Company has restated its consolidated financial statements in the terms of IAS 29 for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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F-11

Table of Contents

GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Grupo Supervielle used the National Consumer Price Index (National CPI) to restate balances and transactions. The tables below show the evolution of these indexes in the last three years and as of December 31, 2024 according to official statistics (INDEC):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | As of December 31, | ​
Variation in Prices |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 | ​
Annual |  | 94.8 | % | 211.4 | % | 117.8 | %
Accumulated 3 years |  | 300.3 | % | 815.6 | % | 1,221.0 | %

​

As a consequence of the aforementioned, these Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2024 were restated in accordance with the provisions of IAS 29.

Restatement of the Financial Position

Grupo Supervielle restated all the non-monetary items in order to reflect the impact of inflation in terms of the measuring unit current as of December 31, 2024. Consequently, the main items restated were Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible assets, Goodwill, Inventories and Equity. Each item must be restated since the date of the initial recognition in Grupo Supervielle's accounts or since the date of the last revaluation. Monetary items have not been restated because they are stated in terms of the measuring unit current as of December 31, 2024.

Comparative figures must also be presented in the measuring unit current as of December 31, 2024. Therefore, comparative figures for the previous reporting periods have been restated by applying a general price index, so that the resulting comparative financial statements are presented in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period.

Restatement of the Income Statement and the Statement of Cash Flows

In the Income Statement, items shall be restated from the dates when the items of income and expense were originally recorded. To this end, Grupo Supervielle applied the variations in the consumer price index.

The effect of inflation on the net monetary position is included in the Income Statement under Results from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money.

The items of the Statement of Cash Flows must also be restated in terms of the measuring unit current at the closing date of the Statement of Financial Position. IAS 29 paragraph para 33 states that all items in the statement of cash flows are expressed in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period.

Restatement of the Statement of Changes in Shareholder’s Equity

All components of the Statement of Changes in Shareholder’s Equity must be restated from the dates on which the items were contributed or otherwise arose.

F-12

Table of Contents

GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

1.1.3 Change in accounting policies and new accounting standards

The Group has applied the following amendments for the first time for their annual reporting period commencing 1 January 2024, which had no significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

​

Changes during the year ended December 31, 2024:

​

| (a) | Amendments to IFRS 16 - Leases: These amendments include requirements for IFRS 16 sale and leaseback transactions to explain how an entity accounts for a sale and leaseback after the date of the transaction. It is expected sale and leaseback transactions where some or all lease payments variable payments that do not depend on an index or rate are the most affected by these modifications. The modifications are effective for the years started from January 1st, 2024. There were no significant impacts.

​

| (b) | Amendments to IAS 1 - Non-current liabilities under covenants: These amendments clarify how the conditions to be fulfilled by an institution within 12 months of the reporting period are reported affect the classification of a liability. The changes are effective by the exercises started from January 1, 2024. There were no significant impacts.

​

The changes that have not entered into force as of December 31, 2024 are set out below:

a) | Amendments to IAS 21 - Lack of Interchangeability: The amendments establish a two-step approach to assess whether a currency can be exchanged for another currency and, when this is not possible, determine the exchange rate to be used and the information to be disclosed. The changes will be effective for the years starting from January 1st, 2025 and allows for early application.

​

b) | Sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint interest - amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28: The IASB made limited changes to IFRS 10 “Entities consolidated financial statements” and IAS 28 “Investments in associates and joint ventures”. The amendments clarify the accounting of sales or contributions of assets between investor and their associates and joint ventures. This confirms that the accounting treatment depends on whether the non-monetary assets sold or contributed to the associate or joint venture constitute a “business” (as defined in IFRS 3). The IASB decided to postpone the date of application of these amendments until the completion of the research project on the equity method. The Group does not expect any impact from the implementation of this standard.

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1.2. Consolidation

A subsidiary is an entity (or subsidiary), including structured entities, in which Grupo Supervielle has control. The Group controls an entity where the Group is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power to direct the activities of the entity. The existence and the effect of the substantive rights, including substantive rights of potential vote, are considered when evaluating whether Grupo Supervielle has power over the other entity. For a right to be substantive, the holder must have the practical ability to exercise such right whenever it is necessary to make decisions to direct the activities of the entity. Grupo Supervielle can have control over an entity, even when it has less voting powers than those required for the majority.

Accordingly, the protective rights of other investors, as well as those related to substantive changes in the subsidiary´ activities or applicable only in unusual circumstances, do not prevent Grupo Supervielle from having power over a subsidiary. The subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to Grupo Supervielle. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases.

F-13

Table of Contents

GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The following chart details the subsidiaries included in the consolidation process:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percentage of direct or indirect investment in capital stock |
Company |  | Main Activity |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 |
Banco Supervielle S.A. |  | Commercial Bank |  | 99.90 | % (1) | 99.90 | % (1) | 99.90 | % (1)
IUDÚ Compañia Financiera S.A |  | Financial Company |  | — | % (2) | — | % (2) | 99.90 | %
Tarjeta Automática S.A. |  | Credit Card |  | — | % (2) | — | % (2) | 99.91 | %
Supervielle Asset Management S.A. |  | Asset Management and Other Services |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Sofital S.A.U.F.e.I. |  | Real State |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Espacio Cordial de Servicios S.A. |  | Retail Services |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Supervielle Seguros S.A. |  | Insurance |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Micro Lending S.A.U. |  | Financial Company |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
InvertirOnline S.A.U. |  | Financial Broker |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. |  | Representations |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
IOL Holding S.A. | ​ | Financial Company | ​ | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Supervielle Productores Asesores de Seguros S.A. |  | Insurance Broker |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Bolsillo Digital S.A.U. |  | Fintech |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Supervielle Agente de Negociación S.A.U. |  | Financial Broker |  | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %
Dólar IOL S.A.U. |  | Financial Company |  | — | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | %

(1) | Grupo Supervielle S.A.’s direct and indirect interest in Banco Supervielle S.A votes amounts to 99.87%, as of 12/31/2024, 12/31/2023 and 12/31/2022 respectively.

(2) | On June 8, 2023, a definitive merger commitment between Banco Supervielle S.A. IUDÚ Compañía Financiera S.A. and Tarjeta Automática S.A.was signed.

(3) | For consolidation purposes, financial statements corresponding to the year ended December 31, 2024 were used, which cover the same period of time with respect to Grupo Supervielle's financial statements.

Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between Grupo Supervielle companies are eliminated.

Non-controlling interests in the results and equity of subsidiaries are shown separately in the consolidated income statement, statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in shareholder´s equity and statement of financial position respectively.

In accordance with the provisions of IFRS 3, the acquisition method is the one used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries. The identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured at their fair values on the date of acquisition.

The excess of the: (i)consideration transferred, (ii) non-controlling interest in the acquired entity, and (iii) acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquired entity over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.

The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary comprises the: (i) fair values of the assets transferred, (ii) liabilities incurred to the former owners of the acquired business, (iii) equity interests issued by the group, (iv) fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, and (v) fair value of any pre-existing equity interest in the subsidiary.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

1.3. Transactions with non-controlling interest

Grupo Supervielle treats transactions with non-controlling interests that do not result in a loss of control as transactions with equity owners of Grupo Supervielle. A change in ownership interest results in an adjustment between the carrying amounts of the controlling and non-controlling interests to reflect their relative interests in the subsidiary. Any difference between the amount of the adjustment to non-controlling interests and any consideration paid or received is recognized in a separate reserve within equity attributable to owners of Grupo Supervielle.

1.4. Segment Reporting

An operating segment is defined as a component of an entity or a Group that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses (including revenues and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the same entity), and whose financial information is evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker.

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to:

| (i) | Key senior management who allocate resources to and assess the performance of the operating segment; and

| (ii) | The Board, who is in charge of making strategic decisions of Grupo Supervielle.

1.5. Foreign currency translation

(a) Functional and presentation currency

Figures included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of each of Grupo Supervielle’s entities are measured using the functional currency, that is, the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates. Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in Argentine pesos, which is the functional and presentation currency of Grupo Supervielle.

Translation of foreign operations

The results and financial position of the subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the Argentine peso are translated into Grupo Supervielle's functional currency in accordance with the provisions of IAS 21 “Effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates”, as follows:

| ● | Assets and liabilities, at the closing exchange rate on the date of each consolidated statement of financial position.

| ● | Income and expenses, at the average exchange rate.

Subsequently, the converted balances were adjusted for inflation in order to present them in the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period (see Note 1.1.2).

​

All the differences resulting from the translation were recognized in the “Foreign currency translation adjustment” line of the Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive income.

In the case of sale or disposal of any of the subsidiaries, the accumulated translation differences must be recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement as part of the gain or loss from the sale or disposal.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

(b) Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currency are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates published by the Argentine Central Bank at the dates of the transactions. Gains and losses in foreign currency resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency at year end exchange rates, are recognized in the income statement, under “Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency”.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the balances in U.S. dollars were converted at the reference exchange rate determined by the Argentine Central Bank. In the case of foreign currencies other than U.S. dollars, they have been converted to this currency using the exchange rates derived from repo transactions reported by the Argentine Central Bank.

1.6. Cash and due from banks

Cash and due from Banks includes available cash and unrestricted deposits held in Banks, which are short-term liquid instruments and have original maturities of less than three months.

Assets disclosed under cash and due from Banks are measured at amortized cost which is close to its fair value.

Cash and Cash equivalents include cash and highly liquid short-term securities with an original maturity of less than three-months according to the following detail:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Item |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Cash and due from banks |  | 652,975,869 |  | 498,892,707 |  | 328,212,563
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 109,363,773 |  | 44,855,080 |  | 38,046,688
Money Market Funds |  | 398,413 |  | 6,577,682 |  | 2,650,550
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 762,738,055 |  | 550,325,469 |  | 368,909,801

​

Reconciliation between balances as appearing on the Statement of Financial Position and the items in the Statement of Cash Flow:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Items |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Cash and due from Banks |  |  |  |  |  |
As per Statement of Financial Position |  | 652,975,869 |  | 498,892,707 |  | 328,212,563
As per the Statement of Cash Flow |  | 652,975,869 |  | 498,892,707 |  | 328,212,563
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  |  |  |  |  | ​
As per Statement of Financial Position |  | 263,332,202 |  | 101,076,778 |  | 151,797,787
Securities not considered a cash equivalents |  | (153,968,429) |  | (56,221,698) |  | (113,751,099)
As per the Statement of Cash Flow |  | 109,363,773 |  | 44,855,080 |  | 38,046,688
Money Market Funds |  |  |  |  |  |
As per Statement of Financial Position – Other financial assets |  | 28,633,163 |  | 101,259,616 |  | 54,977,021
Other financial assets not considered a cash equivalents |  | (28,234,750) |  | (94,681,934) |  | (52,326,471)
As per the Statement of Cash Flow |  | 398,413 |  | 6,577,682 |  | 2,650,550

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Reconciliation of liabilities from financing activities at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Cash Flows | ​ | Other non-cash | ​ | ​
Items |  | 12/31/2023 |  | Inflows |  | Outflows |  | movements |  | 12/31/2024
Unsubordinated debt securities | ​ | — | ​ | 52,092,812 | ​ | (2,342,101) | ​ | 1,407,155 | ​ | 51,157,866
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions | ​ | 5,862,129 | ​ | 300,536,024 | ​ | (267,100,285) | ​ | — | ​ | 39,297,868
Lease Liabilities | ​ | 6,222,607 | ​ | — | ​ | (8,893,219) | ​ | 8,803,909 | ​ | 6,133,297
Total | ​ | 12,084,736 | ​ | 352,628,836 | ​ | (278,335,605) | ​ | 10,211,064 | ​ | 96,589,031

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Cash Flows | ​ | Other non-cash | ​ | ​
Items |  | 12/31/2022 |  | Inflows |  | Outflows |  | movements |  | 12/31/2023
Unsubordinated debt securities | ​ | 3,807,098 | ​ | 75,242 | ​ | (3,882,340) | ​ | — | ​ | —
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions | ​ | 37,498,535 | ​ | 300,081,404 | ​ | (331,717,810) | ​ | — | ​ | 5,862,129
Lease Liabilities | ​ | 10,636,252 | ​ | — | ​ | (10,897,240) | ​ | 6,483,595 | ​ | 6,222,607
Total | ​ | 51,941,885 | ​ | 300,156,646 | ​ | (346,497,390) | ​ | 6,483,595 | ​ | 12,084,736

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Cash Flows | ​ | Other non-cash | ​ | ​
Items |  | 12/31/2021 |  | Inflows |  | Outflows |  | movements |  | 12/31/2022
Unsubordinated debt securities | ​ | 13,992,092 | ​ | — | ​ | (10,184,994) | ​ | — | ​ | 3,807,098
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions | ​ | 82,593,408 | ​ | 1,138,802,074 | ​ | (1,183,896,947) | ​ | — | ​ | 37,498,535
Lease Liabilities | ​ | 17,942,087 | ​ | — | ​ | (17,262,197) | ​ | 9,956,362 | ​ | 10,636,252
Total | ​ | 114,527,587 | ​ | 1,138,802,074 | ​ | (1,211,344,138) | ​ | 9,956,362 | ​ | 51,941,885

​

1.7. Associates

Associates are entities over which Grupo Supervielle has significant influence (directly or indirectly), but not control, generally accompanying a stake of between 20 and 50 percent of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method, and are initially recognized at cost. The book value of the associates includes the goodwill identified in the acquisition less accumulated impairment losses, if applicable. Dividends received from associates reduce the book value of the investment. Other changes subsequent to the acquisition in Grupo Supervielle's participation in the net assets of an associate are recognized as follows: (i) Grupo Supervielle's participation in the gains or losses of associates is recorded in the income statement as profit or loss by associates and joint ventures and (ii) Grupo Supervielle's share in other comprehensive income is recognized in the statement of other comprehensive income and is presented separately. However, when Grupo Supervielle's share of losses in an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, Grupo Supervielle will cease to recognize its share of additional losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.

Unrealized gains on transactions between Grupo Supervielle and its associates are eliminated to the extent of Grupo Supervielle's participation in the associates; unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the transferred asset.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

1.8. Financial Instruments

Initial Recognition and measurement

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Purchases and sales of financial assets are recognized on trade-date, the date on which Grupo Supervielle commits to purchase or sell the asset.

At initial recognition, Grupo Supervielle measures financial assets or liabilities at fair value, plus or less, for instruments not recognized at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, such as fees and commissions.

When the fair value of financial assets and liabilities differs from the transaction price on initial recognition, Grupo Supervielle recognizes the difference as follows:

| ● | When the fair value is evidenced by a quoted price in an active market for an identical asset or liability or based on a valuation technique that only uses data from observable markets, the difference is recognized as a gain or loss.

| ● | In all other cases, the difference is deferred and the timing of recognition of deferred day one profit or loss is determined individually. It is either amortized over the life of the instrument until its fair value can be determined using market observable inputs, or realized through settlement.

Financial Assets

a – Debt Instruments

Debt instruments are those instruments that meet the definition of a financial liability from the issuer’s perspective, such as loans, government and corporate bonds and, accounts receivables purchased from clients in non-recourse factoring transactions.

Classification

Pursuant to IFRS 9, the Entity classifies financial assets depending on whether these are subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss, on the basis of:

a) Grupo Supervielle’s business model for managing financial assets, and;

b) the cash-flows characteristics of the financial asset

Business Model

The business model refers to the way in which Grupo Supervielle manages a set of financial assets to achieve a specific business objective. It represents the way in which Grupo Supervielle maintains the instruments for the generation of funds.

The business models that Grupo Supervielle can follow are the following:

-Held to collect the contractual cash flows;

-Held to collect the contractual cash flows and selling the assets; or

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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-Held for trading.

Grupo Supervielle determines its business model at the level that best reflects how it manages groups of financial assets to achieve a specific business objective.

​

The business model of Grupo Supervielle does not depend on the management’s intentions for an individual instrument.

Therefore, this business model is not evaluated instrument by instrument, but at a higher level of aggregated portfolios and is based on observable factors such as:

| ● | How the business model’s return is evaluated and how financial assets held in that business model are evaluated and reported to Grupo Supervielle’s key personnel.

| ● | The risks affecting the business model’s return (and financial assets held in that business model) and, particularly, the way these risks are managed.

| ● | How Grupo Supervielle’s key personnel is compensated (for instance, if salaries are based on the fair value of the assets managed or on contractual cash flows collected).

| ● | The expected frequency, the value, moment and reasons of sales are also important aspects.

The evaluation of the business model is based on reasonably expected scenarios, irrespective of worst-case or stress case scenarios. If after the initial recognition cash flows are realized in a different manner from the original expectations, Grupo Supervielle will not change the classification of the remaining financial assets held in that business model, but it will consider such information for evaluating recent purchases or originations. An instrument’s reclassification is only made when, and only when, an entity changes its business model for managing financial assets.

Contractual Cash Flow Characteristics

Where the business model is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows or to collect contractual cash flows and sell, Grupo Supervielle assesses whether the financial instruments’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest. Where the contractual terms introduce exposure to risk or volatility that are inconsistent with a basic lending arrangement, the related financial asset shall be classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss.

Based on the aforementioned, there are three different categories of Financial Assets:

i) Financial assets at amortized cost.

Financial assets shall be measured at amortized cost if both of the following conditions are met:

(a) the financial asset is held for collection of contractual cash flows, and

(b) the assets’s cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest.

The amortized cost is the amount at which it is measured at initial recognition minus the principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortization using the effective interest rate method of any difference between that initial amount and the maturity amount and, for financial assets, adjusted for any loss allowance. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash recepits through the expected life of the financial asset to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset (i.e. its amortised cost

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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before any impairment allowance).When applying this method, Grupo Supervielle identifies the incremental direct costs as an integral part of the effective interest rate.

ii) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income:

Financial assets shall be measured at fair value through other comprehensive income when:

(a) the financial asset is held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling financial assets and

(b) the asset’s cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest.

These financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value plus incremental and directly attributable transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. Gains and losses arising from changes in fair value are included in other comprehensive income within a separate component of equity. Losses or reversals due to impairment, interest income and exchange rate gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss. At the time of its sale or disposal, the accumulated gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to the Consolidated Income Statement.

​

iii) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss:

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss comprise:

| ● | Instruments held for trading

| ● | Instruments specifically designated at fair value through profit or loss

| ● | Instruments with contractual cash-flows that do not represent solely payments of principal and interest

These financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value and any change in fair value measurement is charged to the Consolidated Income Statement.

Grupo Supervielle classifies a financial instrument as held for trading if such instrument is acquired or incurred for the main purpose of selling or repurchasing it in the short term, or it is part of a portfolio of financial instruments which are managed together and for which there is evidence of short-term profits or if it is a derivative financial instrument not designated as a hedging instrument. Derivatives and trading securities are classified as held for trading and are measured at fair value.

The fair value of these instruments was calculated using the quotes in active markets at the end of each fiscal year. In the absence of an active market, valuation techniques were used that included the use of market operations carried out under conditions of mutual independence, between interested and duly informed parties, whenever available, as well as references to the current fair value of another instrument that is substantially similar, or discounted cash flow analysis. The estimation of fair values is explained in greater detail in the Note 2 “critical accounting policies and estimates”.

In addition, financial assets may be valued (“designated”) at fair value through profit or loss when, by doing so, Grupo Supervielle eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency.

b – Equity Instruments

Equity instruments are instruments that do not contain a contractual obligation to pay cash or any other financial asset and that evidence a residual interest in the issuer’s net assets.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Such instruments are measured at fair value through profit and loss, except where Grupo Supervielle’s management has elected, at initial recognition, to irrevocably designate an equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income. This option is available when instruments are not held for trading. The gains or losses of these instruments are recognized in other comprehensive income and are not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss, including on disposal. Dividends that result from such instrument will be charged to income when Grupo Supervielle’s right to receive payments is established.

Derecognition of Financial Assets

Grupo Supervielle derecognizes financial assets only when any of the following conditions are met:

| 1. | The rights on the financial asset cash flows have expired; or

| 2. | The financial asset is transferred pursuant to the requirements in 3.2.4 of IFRS 9.

Grupo Supervielle derecognizes financial assets that have been transferred only when the following characteristics are met:

| 1. | The contractual rights to receive the cashflows from the assets have expired or when they have been transferred and Grupo Supervielle transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership.

| 2. | The Entity retains the contractual rights to receive cash flows from assets but assumes a contractual obligation to pay those cash flows to other entities and transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards. These transactions result in derecognition if Grupo Supervielle:

| a. | Has no obligation to make payments unless it collects amounts from the assets;

| b. | Is prohibited from selling or pledging the financial assets;

| c. | Has an obligation to remit any cash it collects from the assets without material delay.

Write Off of Financial Assets

Grupo Supervielle reduces the gross carrying amount of a financial asset when it has no reasonable expectations of recovering a financial asset in its entirety of a portion thereof. A write-off constitutes a derecognition event.

Financial Liabilities

Classification

Grupo Supervielle classifies its financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective rate method, except for:

| ● | Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.

| ● | Financial liabilities arising from the transfer of financial assets which did not qualify for derecognition.

| ● | Financial guarantee contracts and loan commitments.

| ● | Commitments to grant loans at rates below market rate

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Financial Liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss: At initial recognition, Grupo Supervielle can designate a liability at fair value through profit or loss if it reflects more appropriately the financial information because:

| ● | Grupo Supervielle eliminates or substantially reduces an accounting mismatch in measurement or recognition inconsistency; or

| ● | if financial assets and financial liabilities are managed and their performances assessed on a fair value basis according to an investment strategy or a documented risk management; or

| ● | if a host contract contains one or more embedded derivatives and Grupo Supervielle has opted for designating the entire contract at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial guarantee contract: A guarantee contract is a contract which requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due, in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument.

Financial guarantee contracts and loan commitments are initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured at the higher of the amount of the loss allowance and the unaccrued premium at year end.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

The Entity derecognizes financial liabilities when they are extinguished; this is, when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires.

1.9. Derivatives

Derivatives are initially recognized at their fair value on the date on which the derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at fair value.

All derivative instruments are recognised as assets when their fair value is positive, and as liabilities when their fair value is negative. Any change in the fair value of derivative instruments is included in the Consolidated Income Statement.

Grupo Supervielle does not apply hedge accounting.

1.10. Repo Transactions

Reverse Repo Transactions

According to the derecognition principles set out in IFRS 9, these transactions are treated as secured loans since the risk has not been transferred to the counterparty. Loans granted in the form of reverse repo agreements are accounted for under “Reverse repo transactions”, classified by counterparty and also by the type of assets received as collateral. At the end of each month, accrued interest income is charged under “Reverse repo transactions” with its corresponding offsetting entry in “Interest Income”. The assets received and sold by Grupo Supervielle are derecognized at the end of the repo transaction, and an in-kind liability is recorded to reflect the obligation to deliver the security disposed of.

Repo Transactions

Loans granted in the form of repo transactions are accounted for under “Repo Transactions”, classified by counterparty and also by the type of asset pledged as collateral. In these transactions, when the recipient of the underlying asset becomes entitled to sell it or pledge

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

it as collateral, it is reclassified to “Financial assets pledged as collateral”. At the end of each month, these assets are measured according to the category they had before they were subject to the repo transaction, and results are charged against the applicable accounts, depending on the type of asset. At the end of each month, accrued interest expense is charged under “Repo Transactions” with its corresponding offsetting entry in “Interest-Expenses”.

1.11.Impairment of financial assets

Grupo Supervielle assesses on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses (“ECL”) associated to its financial assets measured at amortized cost, debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts that are not measured at fair value.

Grupo Supervielle measures ECL of financial instruments reflecting the following:

(a)An unbiased and probability – weighted amount that is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes

(b)the time value of money; and

(c)reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort at the reporting date about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

IFRS 9 outlines a “three stages” model for impairment based on changes in credit quality since initial recognition:

| ● | If, at the reporting date, the credit risk of a financial instrument has not increased significantly since its initial recognition, Grupo Supervielle will classify such instrument in “Stage 1”.

| ● | If a significant increase in credit risk (“SICR”) since initial recognition is identified, the financial instrument is moved to “Stage 2”, but such instrument is not yet deemed to be credit-impaired.

| ● | If the financial instrument is credit-impaired, it is moved to “Stage 3”.

| ● | Financial instruments in “Stage 1”, have their ECL measured at an amount equal to the portion of lifetime expected credit losses that result from default events possible within the next 12 months. Instruments in “Stage 2” or “Stage 3” have their, ECL measured based on expected credit losses on a lifetime basis. Note 1.11.2 includes a description of how Grupo Supervielle defines when a significant increase in credit risk has occurred.

| ● | A pervasive concept in the measuring ECL in accordance with IFRS 9 is that it should consider forward-looking information.

| ● | Purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets are those financial assets that are credit-impaired on initial recognition. Their ECL is always measured on a lifetime basis (“Stage 3”).

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The following diagram summarizes the impairment requirement under IFRS 9 (other than purchased or originated credit-impaired):

​

Changes in the credit quality since initial recognition
Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3
(initial recognition) | (significant increase of credit risk since initial recognition) | credit-impaired assets)
12 month- ECL | Lifetime ECL

​

The following describes Grupo Supervielle´s key judgements and assumptions for ECL measurement:

​

1.11.2 Significant increase in credit risk

Grupo Supervielle considers a financial instrument to have experienced a significant increase in credit risk when any of the following conditions exist:

Personal and Business Banking
​

| ● | Portfolios between 31 and 90 days past due.

| ● | Credit origination score has deteriorated by more than 30% with respect to the current behavioural score.

| ● | Internal Behavioral Score is less than cut off (1).

(1) High Income Customers: Plan Sueldo segment (payrroll customers) >=400, Open Market Segment >=650 and Senior Citizens Segment>=600. Other customers: Plan Sueldo Segment (payrroll customers) >=500, Open Market Segment >=700 and Senior Citizens Segment >=600

Corporate Banking

| ● | Portfolios between 31 and 90 days past due.

| ● | Maximum Argentine Central Bank (BCRA) Situation equal to 2.

| ● | Have a behavioural score with probability of default “PD” greater than 30%.

| ● | Its credit rating deteriorated by more than two notes with respect to its credit approval rating.

Sectoral Analysis

Considering that the internal impairment models are estimated using historical information, the risk of default of the corporate portfolio includes an additional sectoral analysis which is performed by grouping financial assets of the corporate portfolio by industry and analysing the risk associated to each industry in the current economic enviroment.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The different industries that are part of the Grupo Supervielle's portfolio are classified into four types of risk. They are:

| ● | Low risk

| ● | Medium risk

| ● | High risk

| ● | Very high risk

The risk rating matrix by industry is presented below, as of December 31, 2024 no high or very high risk industries have been identified:

​

RISK RATING BY INDUSTRY
Agriculture | Low | Utilities (Power generation) | Medium
Food and Drinks | Low | Utilities (Trans. And dist. of energy) | Medium
Financial | Low | Chemicals and plastics | Medium
Supermarkets | Low | Auto Parts/Dealers | Medium
Utilities (water and waste) | Low | Cargo transportation | Medium
Oil and mining | Low | Construction | Medium
Pharmaceutical | Low | Art.Home | Medium
IT/Communications | Low | Insurance | Medium
Cleaning | Low | Paper, cardboard, wood, glass | Medium
Oil Industry | Low | Dairy industry | Medium
Wine industry | Low | Private construction | Medium
Citrus Industry | Low | Iron and steel industry | Medium
Automotive terminals | Low | Machinery and equipment | Medium
SGR | Low | Professionals | Medium
Others | Low | Home Appliances (Product.) | Medium
Sugar Industry | Medium | Appliances (Commercial) | Medium
Public Construction | High | Health | High
Textile | Medium | Tourism and gastronomy | Medium
Real Etate | Medium | Passenger Transport | Medium
Sports | Medium | Refrigerators | Medium
Entertaiment | Medium | ​ | ​

​

In case of activities with high or very high risk, the financial assets are included in Stage 2.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

1.11.3 Individual and collective evaluation basis

Expected credit losses are estimated both in a collective and individual basis.

Grupo Supervielle´s individual estimation is aimed at calculating expected credit losses for significantly impaired loans. In these cases, the amount of credit losses is calculated as the difference between expected cash flows discounted at the instrument´s effective interest rate and the carrying value of the instrument.

​

For expected credit loss provisions modelled on a collective basis, Grupo Supervielle has developed internal models. The grouping of

exposures is performed on the basis of shared risk characteristics, such that risk exposures within group are homogeneous. In performing the grouping there must be sufficient information for the group to be statistically reliable.

​

Grupo Supervielle has identified three groupings: Personal and Business, Corporate Banking and Consumer Finance, amongst these three segments Grupo Supervielle estimates parameters in a more granular way based on the shared risk characteristics.

​

Credit risk features may consider the following factors, among others:

​

Group | Parameter | Grouping
--- | --- | ---
Personal and Business Banking | Probability of Default (PD) | Personal loans (1)
|  | Credit card loans (1)
|  | Mortgage loans
|  | Automobile and other secured loans
|  | Refinancing
|  | Other financings
| Loss Given Default (LGD) | Personal loans (1)
|  | Credit card loans (1)
|  | Automobile and other secured loans
|  | Overdrafts
|  | Mortgage loans
|  | Refinancing
|  | Other financings

​

Group | Parameter | Grouping
--- | --- | ---
Corporate Banking | Probability of Default (PD) (2) | MEGRAs
|  | Small and medium size companie
|  | Financial sector
| Loss Given Default (LGD) | Secured loans
|  | Unsecured loans

​

(1) | For credit cards and personal loans, Grupo Supervielle includes an additional layer of analysis: senior citizens, high income, open market, high income payroll, non- high income open market, non-high income payroll, Personal and Business Banking, former senior citizens and former payroll.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

(2) | Probability of default within Corporate Banking is calculated by grouping clients based on the client size for Stage 1 facilities. For Stage 2 and Stage 3, Probability of default is calculated including all segments of Corporate Banking due to the lack of materiality to form a larger group.

​

The credit risk characteristics used to group the instruments are, among others: type of instrument, debtor's sector of activity, geographical area of activity, type of guarantee, aging of past due balances and any other factor relevant to estimating the future cash flows.

Grouping of financial instruments is monitored and reviewed on a regular basis by the Credit Risk and Stress Test Area.

1.11.4 Definition of default and credit-impaired

Grupo Supervielle defines a financial instrument as in default when such instrument meets one or more of the following criteria:

Personal and Business Banking

| ● | Financial instruments more than 90 days past due on its contractual payments.

Corporate Banking

| ● | Financial instruments more than 90 days past due.

| ● | Financial instruments with Argentine Central Bank situation greater than or equal to 3.

| ● | C or D behavioural score.

These criteria are applied in a consistent manner to all financial instruments and are aligned with the internal definition of default used for the administration of credit risk. Likewise, such definition is consistently applied to define PD (“Probability of Default”), Exposure at Default (“EAD”) and Loss Given Default (“LGD”).

1.11.5 Measurement of Expected Credit Loss – Explanation of inputs, assumptions and calculation techniques

ECL is measured on a 12-month or lifetime basis, depending on whether a significant increase in credit risk has occurred since initial recognition or whether an asset is considered to be credit-impaired. ECL are the discounted product of the Probability of Default (“PD”), Exposure at default (“EAD”) and Loss Given Default (“LGD”), defined as follows:

| ● | The PD represents the likelihood of a borrower defaulting on its financial obligation (pursuant to the “Definition of default and credit impaired” set forth in Note 1.11.4), either over the next 12 months or over the remaining lifetime (lifetime PD) of the obligation.

| ● | EAD is based on the amounts Grupo Supervielle expects to be owed at the time of default, over the next 12 months (12 months EAD) or over the remaining lifetime (lifetime EAD). For example, for a revolving credit facility, Grupo Supervielle includes the current drawn balance plus any further amount that is expected to be drawn up to the current contractual limit by the time of default, should it occur.

| ● | LGD represents Grupo Supervielle´s expectation of the extent of loss on a defaulted exposure. LGD varies by type of counterparty, seniority of claim, availability of collateral or other type of credit support. LGD is expressed as a percentage per unit of exposure at the time of default. LGD is calculated on a 12-month or lifetime basis, where 12 month LGD is the percentage of loss expected to be incurred if a default occurs in the next 12 months and lifetime LGD is the percentage of loss expected to be made if adefault occurs over the remaining expected life of the loan.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

ECL is determined by projecting PD, LGD and EAD for each future month and each individual exposure or collective segment. These three components are multiplied and adjusted for the likelihood of survival (that is, the exposure has not been prepaid or defaulted in an earlier month). This effectively calculates an ECL for each future month, which is then discounted back to the reporting date and add up. The discount rate used in the ECL calculation is the original effective interest rate or an approximation thereof.

The Entity based its calculation of the ECL parameters on internal models that were adapted in order to be compliant with IFRS 9.

Grupo Supervielle includes forward-looking information in its definition of PD, EAD and LGD. See Note 1.11.6 for the explanation of forward-looking information and its consideration in the calculation of ECL.

1.11.6 Forward-looking information considered in expected credit loss models

The evaluation of significant increase in credit risk and the calculation of ECL includes forward-looking information. Grupo Supervielle has performed historical analysis and identified key economic variables that impact credit risk and expected credit losses for each portfolio.

Forecasts of these economic variables (“base economic scenario”) are provided by the Research team of Grupo Supervielle and provide the best estimate view of the economy over the next 12 months. The impact of these economic variables on PD and LGD has been determined by performing statistical regression analysis to understand the impact changes in these variables have had historically on default rates and LGD components.

In addition to the base economic scenario, Grupo Supervielle's Research team also provides two possible scenarios together with scenario weightings. The number of other scenarios used is established based on the analysis of the main products to ensure that the effect of linearity between the future economic scenario and the associated expected credit losses is captured. The number of scenarios and their attributes are reassessed annually, unless a situation occurs in the macroeconomic environment that justifies a more frequent review.

​

As of December 31, 2024, as for its portfolios, Grupo Supervielle concluded that three scenarios have properly captured non-linearities. Scenario analysis are defined by means of a combination of statistic and expert judgement analysis, taking into account the range of potential results of which each scenario is representative. As with any economic forecast, projections and probabilities of occurrence are subject to a high degree of inherent uncertainty, and therefore actual results may be significantly different than projected. Grupo Supervielle considers that these forecasts account for its best calculation of potential results and has analyzed the non-lineal and asymmetric impacts within the different portfolios of Grupo Supervielle to establish that chosen scenarios are representative of the range of possible scenarios.

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The most significant assumptions used to calculate ECL as of December 31, 2024 are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Parameter | Industry / Segment | Macroeconomic Indicator | Scenario 1 |  | Scenario 2 |  | Scenario 3 |
​ | Personal and Business Banking | Inflation Rate | 35.6 | % | 23.1 | % | 46.0 | %
Probability of Default | ​ | Private Sector Real Wage | 14.2 | % | 12.5 | % | 12.3 | %
​ | Corporate Banking | Private Sector Real Wage | 14.2 | % | 12.5 | % | 12.3 | %
​ | ​ | Monthly Economic Activity Estimator | 152 | ​ | 152 | ​ | 149 | ​
​ | Personal and Business Banking | Private Sector Real Wage | 14.2 | % | 12.5 | % | 12.3 | %
Loss Given Default | ​ | Private sector deposits | 75.3 | % | 64.1 | % | 77.2 | %
​ | ​ | Badlar Rate | 30.9 | % | 23.2 | % | 40.0 | %
​ | Corporate Banking | Private Sector Real Loans | 36 | % | 23.1 | % | 46.0 | %
​ | ​ | Badlar Rate | 152 | ​ | 152 | ​ | 149 | ​

​

The following are weightings assigned to each scenario as of December 31, 2024:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Scenario 1 |  | 60 | %
Scenario 2 |  | 25 | %
Scenario 3 |  | 15 | %

​

Sensitivity analysis

The chart below includes changes in ECL as of December 31, 2024 that would result from reasonably potential changes in the following parameters:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
December 31, 2024 |  |  |
Reported ECL Allowance |  | 49,373,034 | ​
Gross carrying amount |  | 2,219,451,198 | ​
Reported Loss rate |  | 2.22 | %
Irregular Portfolio Coverage | ​ | 156.41 | %
ECL amount by scenarios |  |  | ​
Favorable scenario (Allowances for loan losses) |  | 48,371,227 | ​
Unfavorable scenario (Allowances for loan losses) |  | 50,073,601 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Loss Rate by scenarios | ​ | ​ | ​
Favorable scenario | ​ | 2.18 | %
Unfavorable scenario | ​ | 2.26 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Coverage Ratio by Scenario | ​ | ​ | ​
Favorable scenario | ​ | 153.24 | %
Unfavorable scenario | ​ | 158.63 | %

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

1.12. Leases (the Group as lessor)

Group as lessor

Operating leases

Leases where the lessor retains a substantial portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of lease incentives) are recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. In addition, Grupo Supervielle recognizes the associated costs such as amortization and expenses.

The historical cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of these items and those expenses are charged to profit or loss during the lease term.

The depreciation applied to the leased underlying assets is consistent with the one applied to similar assets’ group. In addition, Grupo Supervielle utilizes the criteria described in Note 1.18 to determine whether there is objective evidence that an impairment loss has occurred.

Finance leases

They have been recorded at the current value of the unearned amounts, calculated according to the conditions agreed in the respective contracts, based on the interest rate implicit in them.

Initial measurement

​

Grupo Supervielle uses the interest rate implicit in the lease to measure the net investment. This is defined in such a way that the initial direct costs are automatically included in the net investment of the lease.

​

Initial direct costs, other than those incurred by manufacturers or concessionaires, are included in the initial measurement of the net investment of the lease and reduce the amount of income recognized over the term of the lease. The interest rate implicit in the lease is defined in such a way that initial direct costs are automatically included in the net investment in the lease; there is no need to add them separately.

​

The difference between the gross amount receivable and the present value represents the finance income that is recognized over the term of the lease. Finance income from leases is recorded in profit or loss for the year. Impairment losses over the lease receivable are recognized in income for the year (see Note 1.11).

See accounting policy related to those leases in which Grupo Supervielle acts as lessee in Note 7 to these Consolidated Financial Statements.

​

1.13. Property, plant and equipment

| a) | Basis of measurement used

​

Land and buildings are recognised at fair value based on periodic, valuations by external independent valuers, less subsequent depreciation for buildings. A revaluation surplus is credited to shareholders’ equity.

Management updates the valuation of the fair value of land and buildings (classified as property, plant and equipment), taking into account independent valuations. The sale prices of comparable properties are adjusted considering the specific aspects of each property,

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

the most relevant assumption being the price per square meter (Level 3). Management determines the value of property, plant and equipment within a range of fair value estimates and considering the currency in which the market transactions are carried out. The revaluations are carried out with sufficient regularity, in order to ensure that the book value, at all times, does not differ significantly from the fair value of each asset subject to revaluation.

Increases in the carrying amounts arising on revaluation of land and buildings are recognised, in other comprehensive income and accumulated in reserves in shareholders’ equity. To the extent that the increase reverses a decrease previously recognised in profit or loss, the increase is first recognised in profit or loss. Decreases that reverse previous increases of the same asset are first recognised in other comprehensive income to the extent of the remaining surplus attributable to the asset; all other decreases are charged to profit or loss. Each year, the difference between depreciation based on the revalued carrying amount of the asset charged to profit or loss and depreciation based on the asset’s original cost, is reclassified from the property, plant and equipment revaluation surplus to retained earnings.

All other property, plant and equipment is stated at historical cost (adjusted for inflation as explained in Note 1.1.2) less depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to Grupo Supervielle, and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of an asset is derecognized when replaced.

Repairs and maintenance expenses are charged to profit or loss when they are incurred.

| b) | Depreciation methods used

​

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method, applying annual rates sufficient to extinguish the values of assets at the end of their estimated useful lives. In those cases in which an asset includes significant components with different useful lives, such components are recognized and depreciated as separate items.

The following chart presents the useful life for each item included in property, plant and equipment:

​

​ | ​ | ​
Property, plant and equipment |  | Estimated useful life
Buildings |  | 50 Years
Furniture |  | 10 Years
Machines and equipment |  | 5 Years
Vehicles |  | 5 Years
Land | ​ | Not depreciated
Construction in progress |  | Not depreciated

​

The asset’s residual values and useful lives are reviewed and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

1.14. Investment properties

Basis of measurement used

Investment properties are composed of buildings held for obtaining a rent or for capital appreciation or both, but is never occupied by Grupo Supervielle.

Investment properties under the fair value approach, are measured at its fair value, and any gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value is recognized in profit or loss. Investment properties are never depreciated. The fair value is determined using sales comparison approach prepared by Grupo Supervielle's management considering a report of an independent valuation expert.

The sale prices of comparable properties are adjusted considering the specific aspects of each property, the most relevant assumption being the price per square meter (Level 3).

Investment properties under the cost approach reflect the amount that would be required to replace the service capacity of the asset. They were valued at acquisition or construction cost, net of accumulated depreciation and / or accumulated depreciation losses. The cost includes expenses that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of these items.

Movements in investment properties for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Income derived from rents (rents charged) |  | 263,394 |  | 194,001
Direct operating expenses of properties that generated income derived from rents |  | (71,950) |  | (34,148)
Fair value remeasurement |  | (10,188,877) |  | (15,270,191)
Total |  | (9,997,433) |  | (15,110,338)

​

The net result generated by the investment property as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 amounts to a loss of $9,997,433 and an loss of $15,110,338 respectively, and is recognized under “Other operating income”, “Administrative expenses” and “Other operating expenses”. in the Consolidated Income Statement.

Gain and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with the carrying amount.

1.15. Intangible Assets

(a) Goodwill

Goodwill resulting from the acquisition of subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures account for the excess of:

| (i) | the cost of an acquisition, which is measured as the sum of the consideration transferred, valued at fair value at the acquisition date plus the amount of non-controlling interest; and

| (ii) | the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed of the acquiree.

​

Goodwill is included in the intangible assets item in the Consolidated statement of financial position.

Goodwill is not subject to amortization, but it is annually tested for impairment. Impairment losses are not reverted once recorded. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. Goodwill impairment is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount which derives from the fair value of the cash-generating unit. The fair value of the reporting unit is estimated using discounted cash flows techniques.

(b) Trademarks and licenses

Trademarks and licenses acquired separately are initially valued at historical cost, while those acquired through a business combination are recognized at their estimated fair value at the acquisition date.

Intangible assets with a finite useful life are subsequently carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and / impairment losses, if any. These assets are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired.

Trademarks acquired by Grupo Supervielle have been classified as intangible assets with an indefinite useful life. The main factors considered for this classification include the years in which they have been in service and their recognition among industry customers.

Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are those that arise from contracts or other legal rights that can be renewed without a significant cost and for which, based on an analysis of all the relevant factors, there is no foreseeable limit of the period over which the asset is expected to generate net cash flows for Grupo Supervielle. These intangible assets are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired, either individually or at the level of the cash generating unit. The categorization of the indefinite useful life is reviewed annually to confirm if it is still applicable.

Impairment losses are recognized when the book value exceeds its recoverable value. The recoverable value of the assets corresponds to the greater of the recoverable value of the asset or its value in use. For the purposes of the impairment test, assets are grouped at the lowest level at which they generate identifiable cash flows (cash generating units). The impairments of these non-financial assets - other than goodwill - are reviewed at each reporting date to verify possible reversals.

(c) Software

Costs related to software maintenance are recognized as an expense as incurred. Development, acquisition or implementation costs which are directly attributable to the design and testing of identifiable and unique software products controlled by Grupo Supervielle are recognized as intangible assets.

The development, acquisition or implementation costs initially recognized as expenses for a period are not subsequently recognized as the cost of the intangible asset. The costs incurred in the development, acquisition or implementation of software, recognized as intangible assets, are amortized by applying the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, in a term that does not exceed five years.

1.16. Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets with an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization but are tested annually for impairment or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable or, at least, on an annual basis.

Impairment losses are recognized when the carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

or group of assets (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.

1.17. Trust Assets

Assets held by Grupo Supervielle in its Trustee role, are not included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Commissions and fees earned from trust activities are included in Service fee income.

1.18. Offsetting

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated financial statement where Grupo Supervielle has a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realize the assets and settle the liability simultaneously.

1.19. Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other Financial Institutions

The amounts owed to other financial institutions are recorded at the time the bank disburses the proceeds to Grupo Supervielle. Non-derivative financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost.

In the event that Grupo Supervielle repurchases its own debt, it is eliminated from the consolidated financial statements and the difference between the residual value of the financial liability and the amount paid is recognized as a financial income or expense.

1.20. Provisions / Contingencies

A provision will be recognized when:

| ● | an entity has a present obligation (legal or implicit) as a result of past event;

| ● | it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying future economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; and

| ● | the amount can be reliably estimated.

An Entity will be deemed to have an implicit obligation where (a) Grupo Supervielle has assumed certain responsibilities as a consequence of past practices or public policies and (b) as a result, Grupo Supervielle has created an expectation that it will discharge those responsibilities.

Grupo Supervielle recognizes the following provisions:

For labor, civil and commercial lawsuits: provisions are calculated based on lawyers’ reports about the status of the proceedings and the estimate about the potential losses to be afforded by Grupo Supervielle, as well as on the basis of past experience in this type of claims.

For miscellaneous risks: These provisions are set up to address contingencies that may trigger obligations for Grupo Supervielle. In estimating the provision amounts, Grupo Supervielle evaluates the likelihood of occurrence taking into consideration the opinion of its legal and professional advisors.

Other contingent liabilities are: i) possible obligations that arise from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of uncertain future events not wholly within the control of Grupo Supervielle; or ii) present obligations

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

that arise from past events but it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to its settlement; or whose amount cannot be measured with sufficient reliability.

Other contingent liabilities are not recognized. Contingent liabilities, whose possibility of any outflow in settlement is remote, are not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the nature of the guarantee is disclosed.

Grupo Supervielle does not account for positive contingencies, other than those arising from deferred taxes and those contingencies whose occurrence is virtually certain.

As of the date of these Consolidated Financial Statements, Grupo Supervielle’s management believes there are no elements leading to determine the existence of contingencies that might be materialized and have a negative impact on these Consolidated Financial Statements other than those disclosed in Note 16.

1.21. Other non-financial liabilities

Non-financial liabilities are accrued when the counterparty has fulfilled its contractual obligations and are measured at amortized cost.

1.22. Employee benefits

​

Grupo Supervielle, make provisions related to early retirement plans. The liability related to these plans and benefits is not expected to be settled in the next 12 months. Therefore, they are measured at the present value of the future cash flows that are expected to be realized with respect to the services provided by the employees until the end of the year using the credit unit method. The level of salaries, experience and separations as well as the years of service are taken into account. Expected future payments are discounted using the market rate at the end of the year corresponding to sovereign bonds with terms and currency that coincide with the expected flows. Remeasurements as a result of experience and changes in actuarial premises are recognized in results.

Provisions for short-term benefits are measured at the present value of the disbursements that are expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax interest rate that reflects current market conditions on the value of money and the specific risks for said obligation. The increase in the provision for the passage of time is recognized in the net financial results caption of the consolidated income statement.

​

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by Grupo Supervielle before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. Grupo Supervielle recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when Grupo Supervielle can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of IAS 37 and makes the payment of terminations benefits. In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

1.23. Debt Securities

Subordinated and unsubordinated Debt Securities issued by Grupo Supervielle are measured at amortized cost. Where Grupo Supervielle buys back its own debt, such obligations will be derecognized from the Consolidated Financial Statements and the difference between the residual value of the financial liability and the amount paid will be recognized as financial income or expenses.

​

The detail of the programs is described in Note 23.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

1.24. Assets and liabilities derived from insurance contracts

Grupo Supervielle applies IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts” in order to recognize and measure the assets and liabilities derived from insurance contracts.

Main accounting policies applied – Insurance Contracts

​

Insurance contracts

​

Insurance contracts are contracts under which the Group accepts a significant insurance risk from a policyholder by agreeing to compensate the policyholder if a specific uncertain future event adversely affects the policyholder. In making this assessment, all material rights and obligations, including those arising from laws or regulations, are considered contract by contract. The Group uses its judgment to assess whether a contract transfers insurance risk (i.e. whether there is a scenario with commercial substance in which the Group has the possibility of a loss on a present value basis) and whether the insurance risk accepted is significant.

​

Separation of components

​

Contracts that have a legal form of insurance but do not transfer significant insurance risk and expose the Group to financial risks are classified as investment contracts and follow accounting for financial instruments in accordance with IFRS 9. The Group has assessed whether in its contracts accept a significant insurance risk from another party, agreeing to compensate the policyholder if an uncertain future event occurs that adversely affects the policyholder. From this evaluation it has been concluded that all insurance contracts that were under the scope of IFRS 4 meet the definition of an insurance contract and therefore, the introduction of IFRS 17 does not imply any reclassification.

​

Aggregation level

​

The Group aggregates insurance contracts taking into consideration whether they are subject to similar risks and are managed jointly, whether they are onerous or non-onerous contracts, and their year of issue, grouping by this last criteria contracts issued in the natural year, that is, between January 1 and December 31 of each year.

​

Measurement Model

​

IFRS 17 includes three measurement models, which reflect a different degree of participation of policyholders in the investment performance or the overall performance of the insurance entity: the general measurement model (GMM, also known as the block approach construction), the variable rate approach (VFA) and the premium allocation approach (PAA).

​

In measuring insurance contracts, the Group has decided to apply the Simplified Model (Premium Allocation Approach) because for the remaining coverage liability of contracts have a coverage period of one year or less, or in those contracts with a duration greater than year, it is not expected that a material valuation different from that of the General Model will occur.

​

Under the simplified approach, the Group assumes that such contracts are not onerous on initial recognition, unless facts and circumstances indicate otherwise. If the facts and circumstances indicates that some contracts are onerous, an additional evaluation is performed to distinguish onerous from non-onerous contracts. For non-onerous contracts, the Group assesses the likelihood of changes in applicable facts and circumstances in subsequent periods to determine whether the contracts have a significant possibility of becoming onerous.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Remaining coverage liability – Simplified model

​

Under the simplified model, the remaining coverage liability is formed by the premiums received (collected), less the insurance acquisition cash flows paid, plus or minus the allocation to results of the expected premiums or acquisition flows, respectively. The profit or loss recognition is made linearly throughout the coverage period of the contract, in the event that the accrual of the income is also linear. By default, the Group has chosen to defer acquisition expenses, although the option of recognizing such expenses when they are incurred is also available

​

The Group does not adjust the remaining coverage liability for issued insurance contracts for the effect of the time value of money, because the insurance premiums mature within the coverage period of the contracts, which is one year or less.

​

Liability for incurred claims – Simplified model

​

The groups of contracts valued under the simplified model have a liability for incurred claims calculated in a similar way to that of the General Model. Under this method, future cash flows are adjusted for the time value of money. Likewise, the risk adjustment for non-financial risk is applied to the present value of the estimated future cash flows and reflects the compensation that the Group requires for enduring uncertainty about the amount and timing of the cash flows for non-financial risk as the Group complies with insurance contracts.

​

Discount rate

​

When determining discount rates for different products, the Group uses the top-down approach. In applying this approach, the Group uses the yield curve created by the market rates of return implied by the fair value of a portfolio of reference assets and adjusts it to exclude the effects of risks present in the assets, but not in insurance cash flows, except for liquidity differences, which do not need to be eliminated.

​

Cash flows were discounted at a target rate of return on local instrument investments of 4% at constant values, with terms and currency that match the expected flows.

​

Risk adjustment for non-financial risk

​

The risk adjustment for non-financial risk represents the compensation required for enduring uncertainty about the amount and timing of associated cash flows. To estimate the adjustment for non-financial risk, the Group has used its own methodologies based on calculations of the Value at Risk (VaR) of the commitments associated with the Life and Non-Life businesses, using a confidence level of 75%.

​

Reinsurance

​

In general, the Group values ​​reinsurance coverage under the Simplified Model, valuing the asset for remaining coverage of contracts with a coverage period equal to or less than one year, or in those contracts with a duration greater than one year, but that a valuation significantly different from that of the General Model is not expected to occur. This method also includes the asset for claims incurred.

​

Income from insurance activities

​

Insurance income reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for the provision of coverage and other insurance contract services. Insurance service expenses include claims incurred and other insurance service expenses incurred, and losses on onerous groups of contracts and reversals of such losses.

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The Group applies the accounting policy established in IFRS 17.86 and presents the financial performance of groups of reinsurance contracts held on a net basis on net income (expenses) of reinsurance contracts held.

​

In general, for the presentation of financial income or expenses from insurance contracts that arise as a consequence of the effect of the time value of money and the effect of financial risk, the Group does not disaggregate the changes in the risk adjustment for non-financial risk between the result of the insurance service and insurance financial income or expenses.

​

The Group includes all insurance financial income or expenses for the period in results.

​

1.25. Capital Stock and Capital Adjustments

Accounts included in this item are expressed in terms of the measuring unit current as of December 31, 2024 as described in Note 1.1.2, except from the item “Capital Stock”, which has been held at nominal value.

Common shares are recognized in shareholders´ equity and carried at nominal value.

As indicated in Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company's Board of Directors approved the repurchase of securities issued by the Company and established the terms and conditions for the acquisition of treasury shares issued by the Company. The cost of treasury shares is disclosed as part of the Capital Stock within the Statement of Changes in Shareholders´ Equity, after the Share capital stock, Inflation adjustment of capital stock and Paid in Capital. As of the date of issuance of these Consolidated Financial Statements, the repurchase programme has expired.

1.26. Reserves and Dividend distribution

Pursuant to provisions set by the Argentine Corporations law, Grupo Supervielle and its subsidiaries, other than Banco Supervielle are required to appropriate 5% of the net income for the fiscal year to the legal reserve until such reserve is equal to 20% of Capital stock, plus the balance of the Capital Adjustment account.

As concerns Banco Supervielle, according to the regulations set forth by the Argentine Central Bank, 20% of net income for the fiscal year, net of previous years’ adjustments, if any, is required to be appropriated to the legal reserve. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, in appropriating amounts to other reserves, Financial Institutions are required to comply with the provisions laid down by the Argentine Central Bank in the revised text on distribution of dividends described in Note 24.

Given the repurchase of treasury shares carried out by Grupo Supervielle, described in Note 32, due to local regulations Grupo Supervielle has a restriction on the distribution of results and/or reversal of free reserves of $ 21,167,430 (figure expressed in thousands of Argentine Pesos) equivalent to the cost of acquisition of own shares.

The distribution of dividends to Grupo Supervielle’s shareholders is recognized as a liability in the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year in which dividends are approved by Grupo Supervielle’s Shareholders.

1.27. Revenue Recognition

Financial income and expense is recognized in respect of all debt instruments in accordance with the effective interest rate method, pursuant to which all gains and losses which are an integral part of the transaction effective interest rate are deferred.

The results that are included within the effective interest rate include expenditures or income related to the creation or acquisition of a financial asset or liability, such as compensation received for the analysis of the client's financial condition, negotiation of the terms of the instrument, the preparation and processing of the documents necessary to conclude the transaction and the compensations received for the granting of credit agreements that are expected to be used by the client. Grupo Supervielle records all its non-derivative financial

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

liabilities at amortized cost, except those included in the caption “Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss”, which are measured at fair value.

It should be noted that the commissions that Grupo Supervielle receives for the origination of syndicated loans are not part of the effective interest rate of the product, being these recognized in the Income Statement at the time the service is provided, as long as Grupo Supervielle does not withhold part of it or this is kept in the same conditions as the rest of the participants. The commissions received by Grupo Supervielle for the negotiations in the transactions of a third party are not part of the effective interest rate either, these being recognized at the time the services are provided.

IFRS 15 establishes the principles that an entity must apply to account for income and cash flows from contracts for the sale of goods or services to its customers.

The amount to be recognized will be that which reflects the payment to which it is expected to be entitled for the services rendered.

Grupo Supervielle's income from services is recognized in the income statement as performance obligations are fulfilled, part of the consideration received is allocated to the customer loyalty programs described below. Consideration is allocated based on the relative standalone selling prices for services rendered and points granted.

Below is a summary of the main commissions earned by the Group:

Commission | Frecuency of revenue recognition
Account maintenance | Monthly
Safe deposit boxes | Semi-annual
Issuing Bank | Event driven
Credit Card renewal | Annual
Check management | Event driven

​

Income from investment property rentals is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income based on the straight-line method over the term of the lease, in accordance with the provisions of Note 1.12.

1.28. Income tax

Income tax expense for the year includes current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognized in the consolidated income statement, except for items required to be recognized directly in other comprehensive income. In this case, the income tax liability related to such items is also recognized in such statement.

Current income tax expense is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantially enacted as of the date of the Statement of Financial Position in the countries where the Company and its subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income. Grupo Supervielle periodically assesses the position assumed in tax returns in connection with circumstances in which the tax regulation is subject to interpretation. Grupo Supervielle sets up provisions in respect of the amounts expected to be required to pay to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is recognized, using the deferred tax liability method, on temporary differences arising from the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their tax base. However, the deferred tax arising from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination which, at the time of the transaction does not affect income or loss for accounting or tax purposes, is not recorded. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) enacted as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and that are expected to be applicable when the deferred tax assets are realized or the deferred tax liabilities are settled.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the extent future tax benefits are likely to arise against which the temporary differences can be offset.

Grupo Supervielle recognizes a deferred tax liability for taxable temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries and affiliates, except that the following two conditions are met:

| ● | Grupo Supervielle controls the timing on which temporary differences will be reversed; and

| ● | Such temporary differences are not likely to be reversed in the foreseeable future.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when a legal right exists to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and to the extent such balances are related to the same tax authority of Grupo Supervielle or its subsidiaries, where tax balances are intended to be, and may be, settled on a net basis.

1.29. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing net income attributable to Grupo Supervielle’s shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net income for the year by the weighted average number of common shares issued and dilutive potential common shares at year end. Since the Company has no dilutive potential common shares outstanding, there are no dilutive earnings per share amounts.

​

2. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires Senior Management to make judgements in applying the accounting standards to define Grupo Supervielle’s accounting policies.

Grupo Supervielle has identified the following areas which involve a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are material for these Consolidated Financial Statements which are essential to understand the underlying accounting/financial reporting risks:

a- Fair value of financial instruments that do not have an active market

The fair value of financial instruments not listed in active markets is determined by using valuation techniques. Such techniques are regulary validated and reviewed by qualified personnel independent from the area which developed them. All models are assessed and adjusted before being used in order to ensure that results reflect current information and comparable market prices. As long as possible, models rely on observable inputs only; which include significant assumptions related to implicit rates in the last available tender for similar securities and spot rate curves, require the use of estimates. Changes in the assumptions of these factors may affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

b- Allowances for loan losses

The Group recognizes the allowance for loan losses under the expected credit loss method included in IFRS 9. The most significant judgements of the model relate to defining what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk and in making assumptions and estimates to incorporate relevant information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of economic conditions. The impact of the forecasts of economic conditions are determined based on the weighted average of three internally developed macroeconomic scenarios that take into consideration Grupo Supervielle’s economic outlook as derived through forecast macroeconomic variables, which include inflation rate, monthly economic activity estimator, private sector deposits , badlar rate, private sector real loans and private sector real wage. A high degree of uncertainty is involved in making estimations using assumptions that are highly subjective.

Note 1.2 provides more detail of how the expected credit loss allowance is calculated.

c- Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

Intangible assets with definite useful life and property, plant and equipment are amortized or depreciated on a straight-line basis during their estimated useful life. Grupo Supervielle monitors the conditions associated with these assets to determine whether the events and circumstances require a review of the remaining amortization or depreciation term and whether there are impairment indicators.

Grupo Supervielle has applied judgment in identifying indicators of impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets that are amortized. Grupo Supervielle has requested valuations by external independent valuers for its land and buildings category as of December 31, 2024, recording and impairment on some of them (see Note 12.1). For the rest of the categories of property, plant and equipment as well as for intangibles other than goodwill, no indicators have been identified and no impairment has been recognised for any of the periods presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

d- Income tax and deferred tax

A significant judgment is required to determine liabilities and assets from current and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation authority using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax is measured over temporary differences between tax basis of assets and liabilities and book values at the tax rates that are impairment indicators.

Assets from deferred tax are recognized upon the possibility of relying on future taxable earnings against which temporary differences can be used, based on the Senior Management´s assumptions regarding amounts and opportunities of future taxable earnings. Real results may differ from estimates, such as changes in tax legislation or the result of the final review of affidavits issued by tax authorities and tax courts.

Likely future tax earnings and the number of tax benefits are based on a medium term business plan prepared by the administration. Such plan is based on reasonable expectations.

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

3. SEGMENT REPORTING

Grupo Supervielle determines operating segments based on performance reports which are updated upon changes and reviewed by the Board and key personnel of Senior Management.

Grupo Supervielle´s clients receive the following services:

​

| ● | Personal and Business Banking Segment:

| - | Small companies, individuals and companies that record annual sales of up to 1,500,000

| - | “Small and medium size companies”, companies that record annual sales of over 1,500,000 up to 10,000,000

| ● | Corporate Baking Segment:

| - | Megras that record annual sales over 10,000,000 up to 14,000,000

| - | Big companies. Big companies that record annual sales of over 14,000,000

Grupo Supervielle analyses the bussiness taking into account the different type of services and products offered:

| a- | Personal and Business Banking – Through this segment, Supervielle offers a wide range of financial products and services designed to meet the needs of individuals, entrepreneurs and small businesses and SMEs.

| b- | Corporate Banking – Includes advisory services at a corporate and financial level, as well as the administration of assets and loans targeted to corporate clients.

| c- | Bank Treasury – This segment is in charge of the assignment of liquidity of the Entity in accordance with the different commercial areas´ needs and its own needs, Treasury implements financial risk administration policies of the Bank, manages trading desk operations, distributes financial products, such as negotiable securities and develops business with the financial sector clients and whole sale non-financial sector clients.

| d- | Consumer Finance – As of December 31, 2022, IUDÚ and Tarjeta were in the process of merging into the Bank. The Merger date was set effective January 1, 2023, inclusive, date from which Banco Supervielle S.A. in its capacity as absorbing and continuing company, assumed the activities of IUDÚ Compañía Financiera S.A. and Tarjeta Automática S.A., assuming the rights and obligations corresponding to those companies. On June 8, 2023, the final merger commitment was signed. The forementioned decision was approved by the Central Bank of the Argentine Republic on December 1, 2023 under Resolution No. 478 and by the National Securities Commission on December 13, 2023 under Resolution N°RESFC-2023-22557-APN-DIR#CNV.

| e- | Insurance – Includes insurance products, with a focus on life insurance, to targeted customers segments.

| f- | Asset Management and Other Services – Grupo Supervielle offers a variety of other services to its clients, including mutual fund products through Supervielle Asset Management S.A., retail brokerage services through InvertirOnline S.A.U., non-financial products through Espacio Cordial Servicios S.A. and until February 2023 it offered payment solutions to retailers through Bolsillo Digital S.A.U.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Operating results of the different operating segments of Grupo Supervielle are reviewed individually with the purpose of taking decisions over the allocation of resources and the performance analysis of each segment. The performance of such segments will be evaluated based on operating income and is measured consistently with operating income/(expenses) of the Consolidated Income Statement.

When a transaction is carried out between operating segments, they are made as an arm´s length transaction. Later, income, expenses and results from transfers between operating segments are for consolidation purposes.

Grupo Supervielle does not present information by geographical segments because there are no operating segments in economic environments with risks and rewards that are significantly different.

The following chart includes information by segment measured in accordance with IAS 29, as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Personal and | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Asset | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Business | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management and | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total as of
Asset by segments |  | Banking |  | Banking |  | Treasury |  | Finance |  | Insurance |  | Other Services |  | Adjustments |  | 12.31.2024
Cash and due from banks |  | 149,266,765 |  | 4,590,167 |  | 488,900,979 |  | — |  | 7,115 |  | 10,940,459 |  | (729,616) |  | 652,975,869
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | — |  | 8,955,937 |  | 151,313,828 |  | — |  | 9,754,773 |  | 93,307,664 |  | — |  | 263,332,202
Loans and other financing |  | 1,278,644,675 |  | 800,103,188 |  | 88,930,621 |  | — |  | 84,399 |  | 2,475,381 |  | (160,100) |  | 2,170,078,164
Other debt securities | ​ | 3,907,094 |  | — |  | 784,515,860 |  | — |  | 7,782,514 |  | 11,127,488 |  | 5,562,787 |  | 812,895,743
Other Assets |  | 101,905,036 |  | 16,257,194 |  | 426,780,790 |  | — |  | 11,304,505 |  | 87,252,536 |  | (36,939,155) |  | 606,560,906
Total Assets |  | 1,533,723,570 |  | 829,906,486 |  | 1,940,442,078 |  | — |  | 28,933,306 |  | 205,103,528 |  | (32,266,084) |  | 4,505,842,884

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Personal and |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | Asset |  | ​ |  | ​
​ |  | Businesses | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management and | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total as of
Liabilities by segments | ​ | Banking | ​ | Banking | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Finance | ​ | Insurance | ​ | Other Services | ​ | Adjustments | ​ | 12.31.2024
Deposits |  | 1,403,646,717 |  | 699,198,392 |  | 1,070,885,204 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (269,070) |  | 3,173,461,243
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and others |  | 94,764 |  | 1,391 |  | 38,704,978 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 496,735 |  | 39,297,868
Unsubordinated Debt Securities | ​ | 271,465 |  | 68,025 |  | 50,818,376 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 51,157,866
Other liabilities |  | 157,100,734 |  | 34,878,233 |  | 89,872,470 |  | — |  | 8,858,463 |  | 80,094,026 |  | 72,322,967 |  | 443,126,893
Total Liabilities |  | 1,561,113,680 |  | 734,146,041 |  | 1,250,281,028 |  | — |  | 8,858,463 |  | 80,094,026 |  | 72,550,632 |  | 3,707,043,870

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Personal and |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | Asset |  | ​ |  | For the year
​ | ​ | Business | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management and | ​ | ​ | ​ | ended
Result by segments | ​ | Banking | ​ | Banking | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Finance | ​ | Insurance | ​ | Other Services | ​ | Adjustments | ​ | 12.31.2024
Interests income |  | 475,918,264 |  | 260,630,055 |  | 914,565,312 |  | — |  | 647,336 |  | 4,821,458 |  | 4,710,422 |  | 1,661,292,847
Interest Expense |  | (198,649,987) |  | (67,576,917) |  | (621,303,506) |  | — |  | (534,062) |  | (108,084) |  | 158,945 |  | (888,013,611)
Distribution of results by the Treasury |  | 36,380,668 |  | (107,527,514) |  | 71,146,846 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Net interest income |  | 313,648,945 |  | 85,525,624 |  | 364,408,652 |  | — |  | 113,274 |  | 4,713,374 |  | 4,869,367 |  | 773,279,236
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss |  | 551,426 |  | 1,633,044 |  | 109,713,066 |  | — |  | 12,503,885 |  | 15,997,132 |  | 665,744 |  | 141,064,297
Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost | ​ | 35,719 |  | — |  | 80,169,940 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,857,943 | ​ | 82,063,602
Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency |  | 2,946,257 |  | 1,167,268 |  | 3,770,985 |  | — |  | (6,925) |  | 1,032,061 |  | 362,471 |  | 9,272,117
NIFFI And Exchange Rate Differences |  | 3,533,402 |  | 2,800,312 |  | 193,653,991 |  | — |  | 12,496,960 |  | 17,029,193 |  | 2,886,158 |  | 232,400,016
Net Financial Income |  | 317,182,347 |  | 88,325,936 |  | 558,062,643 |  | — |  | 12,610,234 |  | 21,742,567 |  | 7,755,525 |  | 1,005,679,252
Services Fee Income |  | 113,570,497 |  | 15,424,966 |  | 862,465 |  | — |  | — |  | 69,471,072 |  | (3,625,316) |  | 195,703,684
Services Fee Expenses |  | (36,709,553) |  | (2,055,373) |  | (949,426) |  | — |  | — |  | (2,868,005) |  | 1,874 |  | (42,580,483)
Income from insurance activities |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 21,323,932 |  | — |  | 3,670,806 |  | 24,994,738
Net Service Fee Income |  | 76,860,944 |  | 13,369,593 |  | (86,961) |  | — |  | 21,323,932 |  | 66,603,067 |  | 47,364 |  | 178,117,939
Subtotal |  | 394,043,291 |  | 101,695,529 |  | 557,975,682 |  | — |  | 33,934,166 |  | 88,345,634 |  | 7,802,889 |  | 1,183,797,191
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money |  | (47,211,867) |  | (11,888,873) |  | (194,051,341) |  | — |  | (18,430,185) |  | (24,167,604) |  | (10,141,512) |  | (305,891,382)
Other operating income |  | 17,179,439 |  | 10,474,816 |  | 6,471,823 |  | — |  | 69,991 |  | 7,146,401 |  | (2,149,196) |  | 39,193,274
Loan loss provisions |  | (50,096,301) |  | (2,320,715) |  | (6,758,112) |  | — |  | (85,275) |  | (206,147) |  | (46,667) |  | (59,513,217)
Net operating income |  | 313,914,562 |  | 97,960,757 |  | 363,638,052 |  | — |  | 15,488,697 |  | 71,118,284 |  | (4,534,486) |  | 857,585,866
Personnel expenses |  | (217,417,158) |  | (38,426,170) |  | (17,390,749) |  | — |  | (3,677,501) |  | (15,725,378) |  | (687,997) |  | (293,324,953)
Administrative expenses |  | (138,372,495) |  | (15,171,850) |  | (8,074,490) |  | — |  | (627,383) |  | (13,559,530) |  | 1,478,630 |  | (174,327,118)
Depreciations and impairment of non-financial assets |  | (40,650,667) |  | (7,124,992) |  | (2,738,477) |  | — |  | (555,796) |  | (344,047) |  | (1,170,143) |  | (52,584,122)
Other operating expenses |  | (77,153,144) |  | (26,002,801) |  | (85,467,268) |  | — |  | (182,874) |  | (4,718,509) |  | (957,882) |  | (194,482,478)
Operating income |  | (159,678,902) |  | 11,234,944 |  | 249,967,068 |  | — |  | 10,445,143 |  | 36,770,820 |  | (5,871,878) |  | 142,867,195
Income from associates and joint ventures |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 18,514,365 |  | (18,514,365) |  | —
Result before taxes |  | (159,678,902) |  | 11,234,944 |  | 249,967,068 |  | — |  | 10,445,143 |  | 55,285,185 |  | (24,386,243) |  | 142,867,195
Income tax |  | 57,930,833 |  | (1,327,252) |  | (78,879,563) |  | — |  | (3,896,042) |  | (11,764,610) |  | (361,266) |  | (38,297,900)
Net income / (loss) |  | (101,748,069) |  | 9,907,692 |  | 171,087,505 |  | — |  | 6,549,101 |  | 43,520,575 |  | (24,747,509) |  | 104,569,295
Net income / (loss) for the year attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (101,748,069) |  | 9,907,692 |  | 171,087,505 |  | — |  | 6,549,101 |  | 43,520,575 |  | (24,823,427) |  | 104,493,377
Net income for the year attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 75,918 |  | 75,918
Other comprehensive (loss)/income |  | (660,403) |  | (190,157) |  | (14,190,413) |  | — |  | — |  | 1,001,625 |  | 1,749,303 |  | (12,290,045)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (660,403) |  | (190,157) |  | (14,190,413) |  | — |  | — |  | 1,001,625 |  | 1,764,719 |  | (12,274,629)
Other comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (15,416) |  | (15,416)
Comprehensive (loss)/income for the year |  | (102,408,472) |  | 9,717,535 |  | 156,897,092 |  | — |  | 6,549,101 |  | 44,522,200 |  | (22,998,206) |  | 92,279,250
Comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (102,408,472) |  | 9,717,535 |  | 156,897,092 |  | — |  | 6,549,101 |  | 44,522,200 |  | (23,058,708) |  | 92,218,748
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 60,502 |  | 60,502

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Personal and |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | Asset |  | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | Business | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management and | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total as of
Asset by segments | ​ | Banking | ​ | Banking | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Finance | ​ | Insurance | ​ | Other Services | ​ | Adjustments | ​ | 12.31.2023
Cash and due from banks |  | 241,205,588 |  | 6,593,347 |  | 239,697,756 |  | — |  | 9,261 |  | 8,220,443 |  | 3,166,312 |  | 498,892,707
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 1,020,987 |  | 1,838,491 |  | 64,164,562 |  | — |  | 11,614,767 |  | 13,365,436 |  | 9,072,535 |  | 101,076,778
Loans and other financing |  | 564,805,642 |  | 428,224,097 |  | 56,610,157 |  | — |  | 35,319 |  | 1,327,363 |  | (390,886) |  | 1,050,611,692
Other debt securities | ​ | 1,733,165 |  | — |  | 528,339,400 |  | — |  | 1,645,814 |  | 35 |  | 15,261,443 |  | 546,979,857
Other Assets |  | 146,385,878 |  | 53,544,577 |  | 1,998,746,131 |  | — |  | 17,884,935 |  | 75,324,628 |  | (7,854,307) |  | 2,284,031,842
Total Assets |  | 955,151,260 |  | 490,200,512 |  | 2,887,558,006 |  | — |  | 31,190,096 |  | 98,237,905 |  | 19,255,097 |  | 4,481,592,876

​

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​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Personal and |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | Asset |  | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | Businesses | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management and | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total as of
Liabilities by segments | ​ | Banking | ​ | Banking | ​ | Treasury | ​ | Finance | ​ | Insurance | ​ | Other Services | ​ | Adjustments | ​ | 12.31.2023
Deposits |  | 1,263,272,390 |  | 468,572,816 |  | 1,641,636,172 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (479,456) |  | 3,373,001,922
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and others |  | 101,354 |  | — |  | 5,760,776 |  | — |  | — |  | 331,674 |  | (331,675) |  | 5,862,129
Unsubordinated Debt Securities |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Other liabilities |  | 129,607,114 |  | 38,578,246 |  | 62,860,348 |  | — |  | 8,586,999 |  | 17,523,313 |  | 101,581,717 |  | 358,737,737
Total Liabilities |  | 1,392,980,858 |  | 507,151,062 |  | 1,710,257,296 |  | — |  | 8,586,999 |  | 17,854,987 |  | 100,770,586 |  | 3,737,601,788

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Personal and |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Asset | ​ | ​ |  | For the year
​ | ​ | Business | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management and | ​ | ​ | ​ | ended
Result by segments |  | Banking | ​ | Banking |  | Treasury |  | Finance |  | Insurance | ​ | Other Services |  | Adjustments | ​ | 12.31.2023
Interests income |  | 554,384,720 | ​ | 352,006,794 | ​ | 1,593,210,953 | ​ | — | ​ | 404,376 | ​ | 7,544,480 | ​ | 13,492,215 |  | 2,521,043,538
Interest Expense |  | (637,379,894) | ​ | (216,811,576) | ​ | (941,850,776) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (1,047,811) | ​ | (535,811) |  | (1,797,625,868)
Distribution of results by the Treasury |  | 443,696,871 | ​ | 19,951,048 | ​ | (463,647,919) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — |  | —
Net interest income |  | 360,701,697 |  | 155,146,266 |  | 187,712,258 |  | — |  | 404,376 |  | 6,496,669 |  | 12,956,404 |  | 723,417,670
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss |  | 2,944,619 | ​ | (29,370) | ​ | 253,450,021 | ​ | — | ​ | 24,057,413 | ​ | 12,631,818 | ​ | 7,635,794 |  | 300,690,295
Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost | ​ | 317,600 | ​ | — | ​ | 34,194,362 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 2,196,670 | ​ | 36,708,632
Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency |  | (12,671,406) | ​ | (16,266,412) | ​ | 27,165,727 | ​ | — | ​ | 2,287 | ​ | 7,879,526 | ​ | 6,522,546 |  | 12,632,268
NIFFI And Exchange Rate Differences |  | (9,409,187) |  | (16,295,782) |  | 314,810,110 |  | — |  | 24,059,700 |  | 20,511,344 |  | 16,355,010 |  | 350,031,195
Net Financial Income |  | 351,292,510 |  | 138,850,484 |  | 502,522,368 |  | — |  | 24,464,076 |  | 27,008,013 |  | 29,311,414 |  | 1,073,448,865
Services Fee Income |  | 131,411,425 | ​ | 16,244,611 | ​ | 1,241,632 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 57,592,269 | ​ | (3,697,010) |  | 202,792,927
Services Fee Expenses |  | (46,423,268) | ​ | (2,925,121) | ​ | (1,240,691) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (2,057,622) | ​ | — |  | (52,646,702)
Income from insurance activities |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 28,624,683 | ​ | — | ​ | 2,801,468 |  | 31,426,151
Net Service Fee Income |  | 84,988,157 |  | 13,319,490 |  | 941 |  | — |  | 28,624,683 |  | 55,534,647 |  | (895,542) |  | 181,572,376
Subtotal |  | 436,280,667 |  | 152,169,974 |  | 502,523,309 |  | — |  | 53,088,759 |  | 82,542,660 |  | 28,415,872 |  | 1,255,021,241
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money |  | 57,035,038 | ​ | (14,664,052) | ​ | (208,329,497) | ​ | — | ​ | (25,369,977) | ​ | (17,511,514) | ​ | (28,355,787) |  | (237,195,789)
Other operating income |  | 25,278,675 | ​ | 12,637,170 | ​ | 9,525,678 | ​ | — | ​ | 95,988 | ​ | 6,701,001 | ​ | (2,653,037) |  | 51,585,475
Loan loss provisions |  | (57,249,568) | ​ | (11,271,914) | ​ | (4,546,476) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (187,881) |  | (73,255,839)
Net operating income |  | 461,344,812 |  | 138,871,178 |  | 299,173,014 |  | — |  | 27,814,770 |  | 71,732,147 |  | (2,780,833) |  | 996,155,088
Personnel expenses |  | (255,763,091) | ​ | (45,327,162) | ​ | (22,080,028) | ​ | — | ​ | (8,169,692) | ​ | (17,596,087) | ​ | (346,895) |  | (349,282,955)
Administrative expenses |  | (150,587,359) | ​ | (10,391,946) | ​ | (8,378,482) | ​ | — | ​ | (6,841,469) | ​ | (11,332,108) | ​ | 3,654,601 |  | (183,876,763)
Depreciations and impairment of non-financial assets |  | (56,955,212) | ​ | (7,692,997) | ​ | (2,781,397) | ​ | — | ​ | (595,993) | ​ | (632,486) | ​ | (876,613) |  | (69,534,698)
Other operating expenses |  | (95,297,780) | ​ | (40,221,896) | ​ | (61,917,231) | ​ | — | ​ | (6,189) | ​ | (5,050,938) | ​ | (2,834,665) |  | (205,328,699)
Operating income |  | (97,258,630) |  | 35,237,177 |  | 204,015,876 |  | — |  | 12,201,427 |  | 37,120,528 |  | (3,184,405) |  | 188,131,973
Income from associates and joint ventures |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 105,996 | ​ | (105,996) |  | —
Result before taxes |  | (97,258,630) |  | 35,237,177 |  | 204,015,876 |  | — |  | 12,201,427 |  | 37,226,524 |  | (3,290,401) |  | 188,131,973
Income tax |  | 30,481,469 | ​ | (12,798,541) | ​ | (72,826,940) | ​ | — | ​ | (4,357,646) | ​ | (14,196,802) | ​ | (1,941,594) |  | (75,640,054)
Net income/(loss) |  | (66,777,161) |  | 22,438,636 |  | 131,188,936 |  | — |  | 7,843,781 |  | 23,029,722 |  | (5,231,995) |  | 112,491,919
Net income/(loss) for the year attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (66,777,161) | ​ | 22,438,636 | ​ | 131,188,936 | ​ | — | ​ | 7,843,781 | ​ | 23,029,722 | ​ | (5,323,395) |  | 112,400,519
Net income for the year attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 91,400 |  | 91,400
Other comprehensive income/(loss) |  | (392,682) |  | (196,279) |  | 8,691,881 |  | — |  | (1,415,775) |  | 964,381 |  | (447,693) |  | 7,203,833
Other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (392,682) | ​ | (196,279) | ​ | 8,691,881 | ​ | — | ​ | (1,415,775) | ​ | 964,381 | ​ | (455,925) |  | 7,195,601
Other comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 8,232 |  | 8,232
Comprehensive income/(loss) for the year |  | (67,169,843) |  | 22,242,357 |  | 139,880,817 |  | — |  | 6,428,006 |  | 23,994,103 |  | (5,679,688) |  | 119,695,752
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (67,169,843) | ​ | 22,242,357 | ​ | 139,880,817 | ​ | — | ​ | 6,428,006 | ​ | 23,994,103 | ​ | (5,779,320) |  | 119,596,120
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 99,632 |  | 99,632

​

​

​

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Personal and |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Asset | ​ | ​ |  | For the year
​ | ​ | Business | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Bank | ​ | Consumer | ​ | ​ | ​ | Management and | ​ | ​ | ​ | ended
Result by segments |  | Banking | ​ | Banking |  | Treasury |  | Finance |  | Insurance | ​ | Other Services |  | Adjustments | ​ | 12.31.2022
Interests income |  | 466,831,643 | ​ | 243,588,186 | ​ | 949,951,772 | ​ | 76,934,446 | ​ | 31,593 | ​ | 316,783 | ​ | (29,615,945) |  | 1,708,038,478
Interest Expense |  | (343,771,004) | ​ | (72,049,071) | ​ | (683,163,945) | ​ | (54,685,066) | ​ | — | ​ | (154,913) | ​ | 31,471,583 |  | (1,122,352,416)
Distribution of results by the Treasury |  | 111,864,940 | ​ | (74,436,701) | ​ | (37,428,239) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — |  | —
Net interest income |  | 234,925,579 | ​ | 97,102,414 | ​ | 229,359,588 | ​ | 22,249,380 | ​ | 31,593 | ​ | 161,870 | ​ | 1,855,638 |  | 585,686,062
Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss |  | 2,909 | ​ | — | ​ | 100,049,524 | ​ | 7,193,867 | ​ | 9,702,064 | ​ | 8,759,437 | ​ | (1,970,854) |  | 123,736,947
Result from derecognition of assets measured at amortized cost | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 3,376,314 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (41,007) | ​ | 3,335,307
Exchange rate differences on gold and foreign currency |  | 4,287,167 | ​ | 995,689 | ​ | 10,046,222 | ​ | (225,636) | ​ | 135 | ​ | 614,455 | ​ | 2,882,867 |  | 18,600,899
NIFFI And Exchange Rate Differences |  | 4,290,076 | ​ | 995,689 | ​ | 113,472,060 | ​ | 6,968,231 | ​ | 9,702,199 | ​ | 9,373,892 | ​ | 871,006 |  | 145,673,153
Net Financial Income |  | 239,215,655 | ​ | 98,098,103 | ​ | 342,831,648 | ​ | 29,217,611 | ​ | 9,733,792 | ​ | 9,535,762 | ​ | 2,726,644 |  | 731,359,215
Services Fee Income |  | 135,835,585 | ​ | 15,012,100 | ​ | 1,184,604 | ​ | 20,004,586 | ​ | — | ​ | 38,495,139 | ​ | (4,792,909) |  | 205,739,105
Services Fee Expenses |  | (46,765,514) | ​ | (4,069,196) | ​ | (2,344,746) | ​ | (16,462,902) | ​ | — | ​ | (4,341,059) | ​ | 1,266,210 |  | (72,717,207)
Income from insurance activities |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 27,361,654 | ​ | — | ​ | 3,352,063 |  | 30,713,717
Net Service Fee Income |  | 89,070,071 | ​ | 10,942,904 | ​ | (1,160,142) | ​ | 3,541,684 | ​ | 27,361,654 | ​ | 34,154,080 | ​ | (174,636) |  | 163,735,615
Subtotal |  | 328,285,726 | ​ | 109,041,007 | ​ | 341,671,506 | ​ | 32,759,295 | ​ | 37,095,446 | ​ | 43,689,842 | ​ | 2,552,008 |  | 895,094,830
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money |  | 82,471,907 | ​ | (40,608,296) | ​ | (131,690,385) | ​ | 8,431,453 | ​ | (13,100,647) | ​ | (8,405,981) | ​ | (17,460,230) |  | (120,362,179)
Other operating income |  | 27,192,316 | ​ | 23,950,286 | ​ | 1,831,880 | ​ | 11,663,792 | ​ | 163,321 | ​ | 2,298,347 | ​ | 4,045,774 |  | 71,145,716
Loan loss provisions |  | (66,469,971) | ​ | (3,359,971) | ​ | (2,831,970) | ​ | (23,279,183) | ​ | (81,296) | ​ | (9,588) | ​ | (66,298) |  | (96,098,277)
Net operating income |  | 371,479,978 | ​ | 89,023,026 | ​ | 208,981,031 | ​ | 29,575,357 | ​ | 24,076,824 | ​ | 37,572,620 | ​ | (10,928,746) |  | 749,780,090
Personnel expenses |  | (251,099,047) | ​ | (37,174,644) | ​ | (19,302,984) | ​ | (26,057,713) | ​ | (7,839,885) | ​ | (23,664,813) | ​ | (323,828) |  | (365,462,914)
Administrative expenses |  | (140,918,297) | ​ | (11,993,297) | ​ | (9,273,150) | ​ | (20,998,476) | ​ | (5,503,181) | ​ | (8,421,227) | ​ | 3,413,832 |  | (193,693,796)
Depreciations and impairment of non-financial assets |  | (46,285,328) | ​ | (6,979,612) | ​ | (3,065,864) | ​ | (13,271,014) | ​ | (735,767) | ​ | (670,477) | ​ | 2,526,185 |  | (68,481,877)
Other operating expenses |  | (75,689,184) | ​ | (22,654,654) | ​ | (57,422,091) | ​ | (21,569,818) | ​ | (3,147) | ​ | (3,304,012) | ​ | 62,374 |  | (180,580,532)
Operating income |  | (142,511,878) | ​ | 10,220,819 | ​ | 119,916,942 | ​ | (52,321,664) | ​ | 9,994,844 | ​ | 1,512,091 | ​ | (5,250,183) |  | (58,439,029)
Income from associates and joint ventures |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (347,679) | ​ | — | ​ | 275,295 | ​ | 72,384 |  | —
Result before taxes |  | (142,511,878) | ​ | 10,220,819 | ​ | 119,916,942 | ​ | (52,669,343) | ​ | 9,994,844 | ​ | 1,787,386 | ​ | (5,177,799) |  | (58,439,029)
Income tax |  | 50,545,829 | ​ | (669,649) | ​ | (42,601,902) | ​ | 22,256,344 | ​ | (4,164,222) | ​ | (2,135,192) | ​ | 1,080,093 |  | 24,311,301
Net (loss) / income |  | (91,966,049) | ​ | 9,551,170 | ​ | 77,315,040 | ​ | (30,412,999) | ​ | 5,830,622 | ​ | (347,806) | ​ | (4,097,706) |  | (34,127,728)
Net (loss) / income for the year attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (91,966,049) | ​ | 9,551,170 | ​ | 77,315,040 | ​ | (30,412,999) | ​ | 5,830,622 | ​ | (347,806) | ​ | (4,060,680) |  | (34,090,702)
Net (loss) / income for the year attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (37,026) |  | (37,026)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income |  | (929,720) | ​ | (327,795) | ​ | (6,876,135) | ​ | — | ​ | 109,749 | ​ | 414,014 | ​ | (264,443) |  | (7,874,330)
Other comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (929,720) | ​ | (327,795) | ​ | (6,876,135) | ​ | — | ​ | 109,749 | ​ | 414,014 | ​ | (256,112) |  | (7,865,999)
Other comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (8,331) |  | (8,331)
Comprehensive (loss)/income for the year |  | (92,895,769) | ​ | 9,223,375 | ​ | 70,438,905 | ​ | (30,412,999) | ​ | 5,940,371 | ​ | 66,208 | ​ | (4,362,149) |  | (42,002,058)
Comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to owners of the parent company |  | (92,895,769) | ​ | 9,223,375 | ​ | 70,438,905 | ​ | (30,412,999) | ​ | 5,940,371 | ​ | 66,208 | ​ | (4,316,792) |  | (41,956,701)
Comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (45,357) |  | (45,357)

​

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Table of Contents

GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

4. INCOME TAX

Tax inflation adjustment

Law 27,430 introduced a modification in which it established that the subjects referred to in subparagraphs a) to e) of article 53 of the current Income Tax Law, for the purpose of determining the net taxable income, should deduct or incorporate to the tax result of the year the adjustment for tax inflation. Said adjustment would be applicable in the fiscal year in which the accumulated 3 year inflation rate determined using the consumer price index is greater than 100%.

The positive or negative inflation adjustment, as the case may be, that must be calculated, would be allocated as follows: the first and second fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2019, a sixth (1/6) should be allocated in that fiscal period and the remaining five sixths (5/6), in equal parts, in the five (5) immediately following fiscal periods. For the years beginning on or after January 1, 2021, the allocation of the inflation adjustment will be made in its entirety (100%), without any deferral. In this sense, in the current fiscal period the Group has computed the entire inflation adjustment calculated for this year.

Grupo Supervielle, considering the jurisprudence on this matter evaluated by the legal and tax advisors, submitted to the Federal Administration of Public Revenues (AFIP) its annual income tax return for the fiscal period 2020 considering the total effect of the inflation adjustment.

Tax rate

On June 16, 2021, Law 27,630 was enacted, which establishes a new structure of staggered rates for income tax with three segments in relation to the level of accumulated net taxable profit, applicable to fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2021, inclusive.

The new Tax rates are:

| ● | Up to $34,703,523 of the accumulated taxable net profit: they will pay a tax of 25%;

| ● | More than $34,703,523 and up to $347,035,231 of accumulated taxable net profit: they will pay a fixed amount of $8,675,881 plus a tax at a 30% rate on the excess of $34,703,523.

| ● | More than $347,035,231 of accumulated taxable net profit: they will pay a fixed amount of $102,375,393 plus a tax at a 35% rate on the excess of $347,035,231.

The amounts provided above will be adjusted annually, since January 1, 2022, based on the annual variation of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) provided by the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INDEC), corresponding to the month of October of the year prior to the adjustment, with respect to the same month of the previous year.

Dividend tax: it is established that dividends or profits distributed to individuals, undivided estates or foreign beneficiaries will be taxed at the rate of 7%.

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GRUPO SUPERVIELLE S.A.

​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The following is a reconciliation between the income tax charged to income as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 and that which would result from applying the current tax rate on the accounting profit

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022 | ​
Income before taxes |  | 142,867,195 | ​ | 188,131,973 |  | (58,439,029) |
Tax rate |  | 30 | % | 35 | % | 34 | %
Income for the year at tax rate |  | 42,149,858 | ​ | 65,593,623 | ​ | (20,117,755) | ​
Permanent differences at tax rate: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |
Contribution SGR (Mutual Guarantee Societies) |  | (2,945,705) | ​ | (91,461) |  | (1,274,827) |
Tax inflation adjustment |  | 3,593,422 | ​ | 6,354,837 | ​ | (14,832,821) | ​
Income tax return |  | (14,956,338) | ​ | (1,009,861) | ​ | 236,411 | ​
Effect of tax rate change on deferred tax | ​ | 10,230,418 | ​ | 1,262,387 | ​ | 11,611,183 | ​
Non-deductible results |  | 226,245 | ​ | 3,530,529 | ​ | 66,508 | ​
Income tax |  | 38,297,900 | ​ | 75,640,054 |  | (24,311,301) |

​

4.1Deferred tax

The net position of the deferred tax is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Deferred tax assets |  | 15,112,717 |  | 28,222,382
Deferred tax liability |  | (3,167,675) |  | (3,516,680)
Net assets by deferred tax |  | 11,945,042 |  | 24,705,702
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deferred taxes to be recovered in more than 12 months |  | 14,775,757 |  | 23,423,170
Deferred taxes to be recovered in 12 months |  | 336,960 |  | 4,799,212
Subtotal – Deferred tax assets |  | 15,112,717 |  | 28,222,382
Deferred taxes to be paid in more than 12 months |  | (9,740,641) |  | (4,885,588)
Deferred taxes to be paid in 12 months |  | 6,572,966 |  | 1,368,908
Subtotal – Deferred tax liabilities |  | (3,167,675) |  | (3,516,680)
Total Net Assets by deferred Tax |  | 11,945,042 |  | 24,705,702

​

According to the analysis carried out by Grupo Supervielle, it is considered that the assets detailed above meet the requirements to consider them recoverable.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Deferred tax assets / (liabilities) are summarized as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | Balance at | ​ | (Charge)/Credit | ​ | Balance at
​ | ​ | 12/31/2023 | ​ | to Income/OCI | ​ | 12/31/2024
Intangible assets |  | (18,814,021) |  | 16,898,603 |  | (1,915,418)
Loan Loss Reserves |  | 11,920,892 |  | 7,778,534 |  | 19,699,426
Property, plant and equipment |  | (9,241,529) |  | 2,671,533 |  | (6,569,996)
Foreign Currency |  | (688,841) |  | 690,204 |  | 1,363
Tax Loss Carry Forward |  | 4,856,154 |  | (2,344,690) |  | 2,511,464
Inflation adjustment credit | ​ | 11,279,613 | ​ | (11,219,368) | ​ | 60,245
Provisions | ​ | 10,237,495 | ​ | 5,845,806 | ​ | 16,083,301
Others |  | 15,155,939 |  | (33,081,282) |  | (17,925,343)
Total |  | 24,705,702 |  | (12,760,660) |  | 11,945,042

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | Balance at | ​ | (Charge)/Credit | ​ | Balance at
​ | ​ | 12/31/2022 | ​ | to Income | ​ | 12/31/2023
Intangible assets |  | (18,807,532) | ​ | (6,489) |  | (18,814,021)
Loan Loss Reserves |  | 13,230,273 | ​ | (1,309,381) |  | 11,920,892
Property, plant and equipment |  | (17,599,968) | ​ | 8,358,439 |  | (9,241,529)
Foreign Currency |  | (688,841) | ​ | — |  | (688,841)
Tax Loss Carry Forward |  | 82,059,095 | ​ | (77,202,941) |  | 4,856,154
Inflation adjustment credit | ​ | 19,115,833 | ​ | (7,836,220) | ​ | 11,279,613
Provisions | ​ | 3,628,330 | ​ | 6,609,165 | ​ | 10,237,495
Others |  | 576,590 | ​ | 14,579,349 |  | 15,155,939
Total |  | 81,513,780 |  | (56,808,078) |  | 24,705,702

​

The breakdown of the Tax Loss Carry Forward by expiration date is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 12/31/2024
Year of generation |  | Amount |  | Expiration Date |  | Deferred Tax Assets
2020 | ​ | 71,194 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 21,358
2021 | ​ | 482,816 | ​ | 2026 | ​ | 144,845
2022 | ​ | 6,745,381 | ​ | 2027 | ​ | 2,023,614
2023 | ​ | 71,716 | ​ | 2028 | ​ | 21,515
2024 | ​ | 1,000,441 | ​ | 2029 | ​ | 300,132
Total | ​ | 8,371,547 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2,511,464

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

5. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial instruments held by Grupo Supervielle as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Fair value |  | ​ |  | Fair value |  | ​
​ | ​ | through | ​ | ​ | ​ | through | ​ | ​
Financial Instruments as of 12/31/2024 | ​ | profit or loss | ​ | Amortized Cost | ​ | OCI | ​ | Total
Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |
- Cash and due from banks | ​ | — | ​ | 652,975,869 | ​ | — | ​ | 652,975,869
- Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 263,332,202 |  | — |  | — |  | 263,332,202
- Derivatives |  | 4,627,810 |  | — |  | — |  | 4,627,810
- Other financial assets |  | 17,159,775 |  | 11,473,388 |  | — |  | 28,633,163
- Loans and other financing |  | — |  | 2,170,078,164 |  | — |  | 2,170,078,164
- Other debt securities |  | 208,149,259 |  | 604,746,484 |  | — |  | 812,895,743
- Financial assets pledged as collateral |  | 175,350,106 |  | 1,860 |  | — |  | 175,351,966
- Investments in Equity Instruments |  | 52,358 |  | — |  | 658,372 |  | 710,730
Total Assets |  | 668,671,510 |  | 3,439,275,765 |  | 658,372 |  | 4,108,605,647
Liabilities |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
- Deposits |  | — |  | 3,173,461,243 |  | — |  | 3,173,461,243
- Derivates |  | 1,734,047 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,734,047
- Repo transactions | ​ | — | ​ | 33,962,592 | ​ | — | ​ | 33,962,592
- Other financial liabilities |  | 158,738,464 |  | 7,446,692 |  | — |  | 166,185,156
- Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | — |  | 39,297,868 |  | — |  | 39,297,868
- Unsubordinated Negotiable obligations |  | — |  | 51,157,866 |  | — |  | 51,157,866
Total Liabilities |  | 160,472,511 |  | 3,305,326,261 |  | — |  | 3,465,798,772

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Fair value |  | ​ |  | Fair value |  | ​
​ | ​ | through | ​ | ​ | ​ | through | ​ | ​
Financial Instruments as of 12/31/2023 | ​ | profit or loss | ​ | Amortized Cost | ​ | OCI | ​ | Total
Assets | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |
- Cash and due from banks | ​ | — | ​ | 498,892,707 | ​ | — | ​ | 498,892,707
- Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 101,076,778 |  | — |  | — |  | 101,076,778
- Derivatives |  | 8,264,332 |  | — |  | — |  | 8,264,332
- Reverse Repo transactions | ​ | — | ​ | 1,645,657,441 | ​ | — | ​ | 1,645,657,441
- Other financial assets |  | 45,870,366 |  | 55,389,250 |  | — |  | 101,259,616
- Loans and other financing |  | — |  | 1,050,611,692 |  | — |  | 1,050,611,692
- Other debt securities |  | 61,561,845 |  | 485,418,013 |  | — |  | 546,979,858
- Financial assets pledged as collateral |  | 100,986,155 |  | 18,290 |  | — |  | 101,004,445
- Investments in Equity Instruments |  | 106,909 |  | — |  | 690,073 |  | 796,982
Total Assets |  | 317,866,385 |  | 3,735,987,393 |  | 690,073 |  | 4,054,543,851
Liabilities |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
- Deposits |  | — |  | 3,373,001,922 |  | — |  | 3,373,001,922
- Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 1,323,792 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,323,792
- Repo transactions | ​ | — | ​ | 2,047,701 | ​ | — | ​ | 2,047,701
- Other financial liabilities |  | 157,643,404 |  | 755,524 |  | — |  | 158,398,928
- Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | — |  | 5,862,129 |  | — |  | 5,862,129
- Unsubordinated debt securities |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Total Liabilities |  | 158,967,196 |  | 3,381,667,276 |  | — |  | 3,540,634,472

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

6. FAIR VALUES

6.1 Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the amount by which an asset may be exchanged or a liability may be settled, in an arm’s length orderly transaction between knowledgeable principal market participants (or more advantageous) at the date of measurement of the current market conditions regardless of whether such price is directly observable or estimated utilizing a valuation technique under the assumption that Grupo Supervielle is a going concern.

​

When a financial instrument is sold in a liquid and active market, its settled price in the market in a real transaction provides the best evidence of its fair value. When a stipulated price is not settled in the market or when it cannot be an indicator of a fair value of the instrument, in order to determine such fair value, another similar instrument’s fair value may be used, as well as the analysis of discounted flows or other applicable techniques. Such techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used Grupo Supervielle classifies fair values of financial instruments in a three level hierarchy according to the reliability of the inputs used to determine them.Fair Value Level 1: The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets (such as publicly-traded derivatives, debt securities or available for sale) is based on market quoted prices as of the date of the reporting period. If the quoted price is available and there is an active market for the instrument, it will be included in Level 1. Otherwise, it will be included in Level 2.

Fair Value Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments which are not traded in active markets, such as over-the-counter derivatives, is determined using valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable market data and rely the least possible on Grupo Supervielle’s specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to determine fair value a financial instrument are observable, such instrument is included in Level 2. If the inputs used to determine the price are not observable, the instrument will be included in Level 3.

Fair Value Level 3: If one or more significant inputs are not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in Level 3.

Grupo Supervielle’s financial instruments measured at fair value as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are detailed below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Financial Instruments as of 12/31/2024 |  | FV Level 1 |  | FV Level 2 |  | FV Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 256,350,036 |  | 6,982,166 |  | — |  | 263,332,202
- Derivatives |  | — |  | 4,627,810 |  | — |  | 4,627,810
- Other financial assets |  | 17,159,775 |  | — |  | — |  | 17,159,775
- Other debt securities |  | 110,662,651 |  | 97,486,608 |  | — |  | 208,149,259
- Financial assets pledged as collateral |  | 175,350,106 |  | — |  | — |  | 175,350,106
- Investments in Equity Instruments |  | 52,358 |  | — |  | 658,372 |  | 710,730
Total Assets |  | 559,574,926 |  | 109,096,584 |  | 658,372 |  | 669,329,882
Liabilities |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
- Derivatives |  | — |  | 1,734,047 |  | — |  | 1,734,047
- Other financial liabilities |  | 158,738,464 |  | — |  | — |  | 158,738,464
Total Liabilities |  | 158,738,464 |  | 1,734,047 |  | — |  | 160,472,511

​

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​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Financial Instruments as of 12/31/2023 |  | FV Level 1 |  | FV Level 2 |  | FV Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 97,656,756 |  | 3,420,022 |  | — |  | 101,076,778
- Derivatives |  | — |  | 8,264,332 |  | — |  | 8,264,332
- Other financial assets |  | 45,870,366 |  | — |  | — |  | 45,870,366
- Other debt securities |  | 38,829,594 |  | 22,732,251 |  | — |  | 61,561,845
- Financial assets pledged as collateral |  | 100,986,155 |  | — |  | — |  | 100,986,155
- Investments in Equity Instruments |  | 106,909 |  | — |  | 690,073 |  | 796,982
Total Assets |  | 283,449,780 |  | 34,416,605 |  | 690,073 |  | 318,556,458
Liabilities |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
- Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 1,323,792 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,323,792
- Other financial liabilities |  | 157,643,404 |  | — |  | — |  | 157,643,404
Total Liabilities |  | 158,967,196 |  | — |  | — |  | 158,967,196

​

Below is shown the reconciliation of the financial instruments classiffied as Fair Value Level 3:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
FV Level 3 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | Transfers |  | Additions |  | Disposals |  | OCI |  | 12/31/2024
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Investments in equity instruments |  | 690,073 |  | — |  | 392,505 |  | (187,042) |  | (237,164) |  | 658,372

​

Grupo Supervielle’s policy is to recognize transfers between fair value Levels only at year-end dates.

Valuation Techniques

Valuation techniques to determine fair values Level 2 and Level 3 include the following:

| ● | Market or quoted prices for similar instruments.

| ● | The estimated present value of instruments.

The valuation technique to determine fair value Level 2 includes estimating the through spot rate curve which calculate the yield upon market prices.

These valuation techniques are detailed below:

| ● | Interpolation model: It consists of the determination of the value of financial instruments that do not have a market price at the closing date, based on quoted prices for similar assets (both in terms of issue, currency, and duration) in active markets (MAE, Bolsar or secondary) through the linear interpolation of them. This technique has been used by the Entity to determine the fair value of the instruments issued by the Central Bank and Treasury Bills without quotation at the end of this period.

| ● | Performance Curve Model under Nelson Siegel: This model proposes a continuous function to model the trajectory of the instant forward interest rate considering as a domain the term comprised until the next interest and / or capital payment. It consists in the determination of the instrument's price estimating volatility through market curves. The Entity has used this model to estimate prices in debt securities or financial instruments with variable interest rate. that are not quoted in an active market.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The principal inputs and method considered by Grupo Supervielle for its determination of fair values under the linear interpolation model are:

| ● | Instrument prices that were quoted between the date the curve is estimated and the settlement date of the latest payment available.

| ● | Implicit rates in the last available tender.

| ● | Only instruments that have been traded with a 24-hour settlement are considered.

| ● | If the same instrument has been listed on MAE (“Mercado Abierto Electrónico”) and Bolsar (Financial website of the “Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires”), only the market price that has been traded in the market with higher volume is considered.

| ● | The yield curve is standardized based on a set of nodes, each of which has an associated expiration date.

| ● | Instruments denominated in U.S. dollars are converted at the exchange rate on the date the instrument is negotiated.

Likewise, for the determination of fair values under the Nelson Siegel model, the main data and aspects considered by the Entity were:

| ● | The Spot rate curves in pesos + BADLAR and the Spot rate curve in U.S. dollars are established based on bonds predefined by Financial Risk Management.

| ● | The main source of prices for Bonds is MAE, without considering those corresponding to operations for own portfolio.

| ● | The portfolio of bonds used as input is changed with every issuance.

Grupo Supervielle periodically evaluates the performance of the models based on indicators which have defined tolerance thresholds.

Under IFRS, the estimated residual value of an instrument at inception is generally the transaction price.

In the event that the transaction price differs from the determined fair value, if the fair value is not Level 1, the difference will be recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement proportionally for the duration of the instrument.

​

6.2 Fair Value of other Financial Instruments

The following describes the methodologies and assumptions used to determine the fair values of financial instruments not recorded at fair value in these Consolidated Financial Statements:

| ● | Assets whose fair value is similar to book value: For financial assets and liabilities that are liquid or have short-term maturities (less than three months), the book value is considered to be similar to fair value.

| ● | Fixe d rate financial instruments: The fair value of financial assets was determined by discounting future cash flows at the current market rates offered, for each year, for financial instruments with similar characteristics. The estimated fair value of deposits with a fixed interest rate was determined by discounting future cash flows through the use of market interest rates for deposits with maturities similar to those of Grupo Supervielle’s portfolio.

For listed assets and the quoted debt, fair value was determined based on market prices.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

| ● | Other financial instruments: In the case of financial assets and liabilities that are liquid or have a short maturity, it is estimated that their fair value is similar to their book value. This assumption also applies to savings deposits, checking accounts and others.

Below is the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the main assets and liabilities recorded at amortized cost as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other Financial Instruments as of 12/31/2024 |  | Book value |  | Fair value |  | FV Level 1 |  | FV Level 2 |  | FV Level 3
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Cash and due from Banks |  | 652,975,869 |  | 652,975,869 |  | 652,975,869 |  | — |  | —
- Other financial assets |  | 11,473,388 |  | 11,473,388 |  | 11,473,388 |  | — |  | —
- Loans and other financing |  | 2,170,078,164 |  | 2,381,345,450 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,381,345,450
- Other Debt Securities |  | 604,746,484 |  | 603,946,338 |  | 602,616,265 |  | 1,330,073 |  | —
- Financial assets Pledged as collateral |  | 1,860 |  | 1,860 |  | 1,860 |  | — |  | —
​ | ​ | 3,439,275,765 | ​ | 3,649,742,905 | ​ | 1,267,067,382 | ​ | 1,330,073 | ​ | 2,381,345,450
Financial Liabilities |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
- Deposits |  | 3,173,461,243 |  | 3,197,319,468 |  | — |  | — |  | 3,197,319,468
- Other financial liabilities |  | 7,446,692 |  | 7,446,692 |  | 7,446,692 |  | — |  | —
- Reverse Repo transactions | ​ | 33,962,592 | ​ | 33,962,592 |  | 33,962,592 |  | — |  | —
- Financing received from the Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | 39,297,868 |  | 39,223,716 |  | — |  | — |  | 39,223,716
- Repo Transactions | ​ | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
- Unsubordinated Debt securities |  | 51,157,866 |  | 51,157,866 |  | 51,157,866 |  | — |  | —
​ | ​ | 3,305,326,261 | ​ | 3,329,110,334 | ​ | 92,567,150 | ​ | — | ​ | 3,236,543,184

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other Financial Instruments as of 12/31/2023 |  | Book value |  | Fair value |  | FV Level 1 |  | FV Level 2 |  | FV Level 3
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Cash and due from Banks |  | 498,892,707 |  | 498,892,708 |  | 498,892,708 |  | — |  | —
- Other financial assets |  | 55,389,250 |  | 55,389,250 |  | 55,389,250 |  | — |  | —
- Loans and other financing |  | 1,050,611,692 |  | 1,196,200,729 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,196,200,729
- Repo transactions | ​ | 1,645,657,441 | ​ | 1,645,657,441 | ​ | 1,645,657,441 | ​ | — | ​ | —
- Other Debt Securities |  | 485,418,013 |  | 555,676,782 |  | 386,438,238 |  | 169,238,544 |  | —
- Financial assets Pledged as collateral |  | 18,290 |  | 18,290 |  | 18,290 |  | — |  | —
​ | ​ | 3,735,987,393 | ​ | 3,951,835,200 | ​ | 2,586,395,927 | ​ | 169,238,544 | ​ | 1,196,200,729
Financial Liabilities |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​
- Deposits |  | 3,373,001,922 |  | 3,478,726,949 |  | — |  | — |  | 3,478,726,949
- Other financial liabilities |  | 755,524 |  | 755,524 |  | 755,524 |  | — |  | —
- Financing received from the Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | 5,862,129 |  | 6,071,646 |  | — |  | — |  | 6,071,646
- Repo Transactions |  | 2,047,701 |  | 2,047,701 |  | 2,047,701 |  | — |  | —
​ |  | 3,381,667,276 |  | 3,487,601,820 |  | 2,803,225 |  | — |  | 3,484,798,595

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

6.3 Fair Value of Equity instruments

The following are the equity instruments measured at Fair Value through profit or loss as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Ternium Argentina S.A. |  | 22,695 |  | 2,424
Holcim Arg | ​ | 10,850 | ​ | 15,718
Aluar S.A. | ​ | 3,139 | ​ | 68
Cedear SPDR Dow Jones Ind | ​ | 2,479 | ​ | 3,926
Cedear SPDR S&P | ​ | 2,312 | ​ | 3,327
Cedear Financial Select Sector | ​ | 2,235 | ​ | 3,114
Cedear Ishares MSCI Brasil | ​ | 631 | ​ | 1,744
Grupo Financiero Galicia SA | ​ | 8,017 | ​ | —
Pampa Energía S.A. | ​ | — | ​ | 57,135
Edenor | ​ | — | ​ | 12,628
Loma Negra S.A. | ​ | — | ​ | 5,252
Others |  | — | ​ | 1,573
Total |  | 52,358 |  | 106,909

​

The following are the equity instruments measured at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | FV at | ​ | Income / (Loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | FV at
Detail |  | 12/31/2023 |  | through OCI |  | Disposals |  | Additions |  | 12/31/2024
Mercado Abierto Electrónico S.A. |  | 3,554 |  | 993 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 4,547
Play Digital S.A. |  | 370,442 | ​ | (495,208) | ​ | (152,727) | ​ | 390,508 | ​ | 113,015
Seguro de Depósitos S.A |  | 41,227 |  | 15,694 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 56,921
Compensador Electrónica S.A. |  | 242,388 |  | 245,552 | ​ | (34,315) | ​ | 1,997 | ​ | 455,622
Provincanje S.A. |  | 16,648 |  | (9,003) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 7,645
Cuyo Aval Sociedad de Garantía Recíproca |  | 12,301 |  | 2,931 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 15,232
Argencontrol S.A. |  | 1,265 |  | 1,273 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 2,538
IEBA S.A. |  | 133 |  | (72) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 61
Other Reciprocal Guarantee Companies | ​ | 2,115 | ​ | 676 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 2,791
Total |  | 690,073 |  | (237,164) | ​ | (187,042) | ​ | 392,505 | ​ | 658,372

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | FV at | ​ | Income / (Loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | FV at
Detail |  | 12/31/2022 |  | through OCI |  | Disposals |  | Additions |  | 12/31/2023
Mercado Abierto Electrónico S.A. |  | 627,246 |  | (623,692) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 3,554
Play Digital S.A. |  | 596,696 |  | (616,859) | ​ | (163,843) | ​ | 554,448 | ​ | 370,442
Seguro de Depósitos S.A |  | 72,180 |  | (30,953) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 41,227
Compensador Electrónica S.A. |  | 221,667 |  | 24,207 | ​ | (3,486) | ​ | — | ​ | 242,388
Provincanje S.A. |  | 49,185 |  | (284,341) | ​ | — | ​ | 251,804 | ​ | 16,648
Cuyo Aval Sociedad de Garantía Recíproca |  | 12,702 |  | (401) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 12,301
Argencontrol S.A. |  | 2,197 |  | (932) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,265
IEBA S.A. |  | 414 |  | (281) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 133
Other Reciprocal Guarantee Companies |  | 1,830 |  | 285 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 2,115
Total |  | 1,584,117 |  | (1,532,967) | ​ | (167,329) | ​ | 806,252 | ​ | 690,073

​

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​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

7. FINANCE LEASES

7.1 The Group as lessee

(i) The following table shows the carrying amounts recognized in the statement of financial position:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Right-of-use asset |  |  |  |
Land and buildings (Gross carrying amount) |  | 20,021,179 |  | 20,879,928
Lease liability |  | ​ |  | ​
Current |  | 4,640,497 |  | 4,016,654
Non-current |  | 1,492,800 |  | 2,205,953
Total |  | 6,133,297 |  | 6,222,607

​

(ii) The following table shows the amounts charged in the income statement:

​

​ | ​ | ​
Items |  | 12/31/2024
Right-of-use assets – Depreciation |  | 9,714,670
Interest expenses on lease liabilities (Other operating expenses) |  | 1,920,878

​

(iii) Lease activities:the Entity’s leasing activities and how they are accounted for under IFRS 16.

Grupo Supervielle leases several branches. Rental agreements are generally made for fixed periods of 1 to 3 years, but may have extension options as described in (iv) below.

Contracts may contain lease components or not. Grupo Supervielle assigns consideration in the contract to the lease and non-lease components based on their independent relative prices. However, for the leases of real estate for which Grupo Supervielle is a lessee, it has chosen not to separate the lease components and those that are not, and instead counts them as a single lease component.

Lease terms are negotiated individually and contain a wide range of different terms and conditions. Lease agreements do not impose other obligations to do or not do, other than the leased assets owned by the lessor. Leased assets cannot be used as collateral for obtaining loans.

The leases are recognized as a right-of-use asset by registering a liability as a counterparty on the date on which the leased asset is available for use by the Entity.

Assets and liabilities arising from leases are initially measured based on the present value.

Lease liabilities include the net present value of the following lease payments:

| ● | fixed payments (including fixed payments in substance), less any incentives receivable;

| ● | variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date;

| ● | amounts expected to be payable by Grupo Supervielle under residual value guarantees;

| ● | the exercise price of a purchase option if Grupo Supervielle is reasonably certain to exercise that option, and

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

| ● | payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects Grupo Supervielle exercising an option to terminate the lease.

Lease payments to be made under reasonably certain extension options are also included in the measurement of the liability.

Lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be easily determined, which is generally the case with leases in Grupo Supervielle, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is used, which is the rate that the individual lessee would have to pay to borrow the necessary funds to obtain an asset of similar value to the asset by right of use in a similar economic environment with similar terms, security and conditions.

To determine the incremental interest rate, Grupo Supervielle:

| ● | whenever possible, uses the external financing recently received as a starting point, adjusted to reflect changes in financing conditions since the external financing was received

| ● | uses a rate determination approach that begins with a risk-free interest rate adjusted for credit risk for leases that the Entity already has for those cases in which it does not have recent third-party financing, and

| ● | makes specific adjustments for the lease, for example, term, currency and guarantee.

Grupo Supervielle is exposed to possible future increases in variable lease payments based on an index or rate, which are not included in the lease liability until they become effective. When adjustments to lease payments based on an index or rate become effective, the lease liability is reassessed and adjusted against the right-of-use asset.

Lease payments are allocated between capital and financial cost. The financial cost is charged to profit or loss during the lease period to produce a constant periodic interest rate on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

The right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the following:

| ● | the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability;

| ● | any lease payment made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received;

| ● | any initial direct costs, and

| ● | an estimate of costs to be incurred by the lessee in dismantling and removing the underlying asset, restoring the site on which it is located or restoring the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms and conditions of the lease.

The right-of-use assets are generally depreciated during the shortest useful life of the asset and the lease term in a linear fashion.

Payments associated with short-term leases of equipment and all leases of low-value assets are recognized linearly as an expense in profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases with a lease term of 12 months or less and that does not contains a purchase option. Low-value assets include computer equipment and small items of office furniture.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

(iv) Extension and termination options

Extension and termination options are included in several property leases. These are used to maximize operational flexibility in terms of managing the assets used in operations. Most of the extension and termination options maintained are exercisable only by Grupo Supervielle and not by the respective lessor.

7.2 The Group as lessor

The following is a breakdown of the maturities of Grupo Supervielle’s financial and operating leases receivables and of the present values as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Financial Lease Receivables |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Up to 1 year |  | 18,524,242 |  | 29,933,148
More than a year up to two years |  | 16,750,724 |  | 25,151,540
From two to three years |  | 12,704,562 |  | 17,266,075
From three to five years |  | 14,502,075 |  | 7,616,278
More than five years |  | 3,456,666 |  | 5,115
Total |  | 65,938,269 |  | 79,972,156
Unearned financial income |  | (4,067,113) |  | (36,437,332)
Net investment in the lease |  | 61,871,156 |  | 43,534,824

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Operating Lease Receivables |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Up to 1 year |  | 333,307 |  | 463,103
More than a year up to two years |  | 291,182 |  | 287,489
From two to three years |  | 118,836 |  | 74,018
Total |  | 743,325 |  | 824,610

​

The balance of allowance for loan losses related to finance leases amounts to $609,122 and $945,327 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively

​

​

8. REPO AND REVERSE REPO TRANSACTIONS

Grupo Supervielle carries out repo and reverse repo transactions in which it performs the spot purchase sale of a security with the related forward purchase thereof, thus substantially retaining all the risks and rewards associated with the instruments and recognizing them in “Repo Transactions” at year-end, as the provisions set out in point 3.4.2 (Derecognition of Assets) of IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”) are not met.

The residual values of assets transferred under repo and reverse repo transactions as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are detailed below:

Repo Transactions:

​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Book Value
December 31, 2024 |  | —
December 31, 2023 |  | 1,645,657,441

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Reverse Repo Transactions:

​

​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Book Value
December 31, 2024 |  | 33,962,592
December 31, 2023 |  | 2,047,701

​

​

9. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

In the normal course of business, Grupo Supervielle enters into a variety of transactions principally in the foreign exchange stock markets. Most counterparties in the derivative transactions are banks and other financial institutions.

These instruments include:

| ● | Forwards and futures: they are agreements to deliver or take delivery at a specified rate, price or index applied against the underlying asset or financial instrument, at a specific date. Futures are exchange traded at standardized amounts of the underlying asset or financial instrument.

Forwards contracts are OTC agreements and are principally dealt in by Grupo Supervielle in foreign exchange as forward agreements.

| ● | Swaps: they are agreements between two parties with the intention to exchange cash flows and risks at specific date and for a period in the future.

| ● | Options: they confer the right to the buyer, but no obligation, to receive or pay a specific quantity of an asset or financial instrument for a specified price at or before a specified date.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the following amounts were recorded for operations related to derivatives:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Amounts receivable for spot and forward transactions pending settlement |  | 4,496,177 |  | 6,248,965
Amounts payable for spot and forward transactions pending settlement |  | 131,633 |  | 345,005
Put option taken with Central Bank | ​ | — | ​ | 1,670,362
​ | ​ | 4,627,810 |  | 8,264,332

​

The following table shows, the notional value of options and outstanding forward and futures contracts as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Forward sales of foreign exchange without delivery of underlying assets |  | 34,763,674 |  | 36,940,912
Forward purchases of foreign exchange without delivery of underlying assets |  | 47,490,640 |  | 45,288,709

​

The incomes/(expenses) generated by derivative financial instruments during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 amounted to $7,344,589, $22,391,175 and $4,497,352 respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

10. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Earnings per share are calculated by dividing income attributable to Grupo Supervielle´s shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period. As Grupo Supervielle does not have preferred shares or debt convertible into shares, basic earnings are equal to diluted earnings per share.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Income attributable to shareholders of the group |  | 104,493,377 | ​ | 112,400,519 |  | (34,090,702)
Weighted average of oustanding ordinary shares (thousands) |  | 439,664 | ​ | 442,727 |  | 454,274
Income per share |  | 237.67 | ​ | 253.88 |  | (75.04)

​

​

11. SPECIAL TERMINATION ARRANGEMENTS

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, special termination arrangements amounted to $4,030,275 and $9,130,178, respectively. The amounts charged to profit or loss regarding these benefits as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $3,086,312 and $3,178,727, respectively included in Other non-financial liabilities.

The evolution during each period is detailed below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Balances at the beginning |  | 9,130,178 |  | 16,163,033
Additions to profit or loss |  | 3,086,312 |  | 3,178,727
Monetary result benefits paid to participants | ​ | (3,248,738) | ​ | (1,369,489)
Benefits paid to participants |  | (4,937,477) |  | (8,842,093)
Balances at closing |  | 4,030,275 |  | 9,130,178

​

12. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Changes in property, plant and equipment for financial years ended on December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross carrying amount | ​ | Depreciation | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net
​ | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | At the | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | Additions by | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | carrying
​ | ​ | of the | ​ | Useful | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | end of | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | business | ​ | Of the | ​ | Other | ​ | At the end | ​ | amount
Item |  | year |  | Life |  | Revaluation |  | Additions |  | Disposals |  | the year |  | of the year | ​ | Disposals | ​ | combinations | ​ | Year | ​ | Movements | ​ | of the year | ​ | 12/31/2024
Cost model |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Furniture and facilities |  | 30,724,329 |  | 10 |  | — | ​ | 494,582 | ​ | (375,289) |  | 30,843,622 |  | (25,858,838) |  | 545,450 |  | — |  | (1,261,526) |  | — |  | (26,574,914) |  | 4,268,708
Machinery and equipment |  | 116,818,141 |  | 5 |  | — | ​ | 5,191,567 | ​ | (439,459) |  | 121,570,249 |  | (102,198,716) |  | 471,854 |  | — |  | (6,122,193) |  | — |  | (107,849,055) |  | 13,721,194
Vehicles |  | 4,978,964 |  | 5 |  | — | ​ | 249,499 | ​ | (1,670,810) |  | 3,557,653 |  | (2,114,093) |  | 1,250,739 |  | — |  | (863,531) |  | — |  | (1,726,885) |  | 1,830,768
Right of use assets | ​ | 20,879,928 | ​ | 5 | ​ | — | ​ | 8,768,042 | ​ | (9,626,791) | ​ | 20,021,179 | ​ | (11,966,723) | ​ | 9,587,479 | ​ | — | ​ | (9,714,670) | ​ | — | ​ | (12,093,914) | ​ | 7,927,265
Construction in progress |  | 12,317,877 |  | ​ |  | — | ​ | 4,948,046 | ​ | (4,528,800) |  | 12,737,123 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 12,737,123
Revaluation model |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Land and Buildings |  | 73,620,551 |  | 50 |  | (4,991,822) | ​ | — | ​ | (33,221) |  | 68,595,508 |  | (5,811,764) |  | — |  | — |  | (1,332,193) |  | — |  | (7,143,957) |  | 61,451,551
Total |  | 259,339,790 |  | — |  | (4,991,822) | ​ | 19,651,736 | ​ | (16,674,370) |  | 257,325,334 |  | (147,950,134) |  | 11,855,522 |  | — |  | (19,294,113) |  | — |  | (155,388,725) |  | 101,936,609

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross carrying amount | ​ | Depreciation | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net
​ | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | At the | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | Additions by | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | carrying
​ | ​ | of the | ​ | Useful | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | end of | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | business | ​ | Of the | ​ | Other | ​ | At the end | ​ | amount
Item | ​ | year | ​ | Life | ​ | Revaluation | ​ | Additions | ​ | Disposals | ​ | the year | ​ | of the year | ​ | Disposals | ​ | combinations | ​ | Year | ​ | Movements | ​ | of the year | ​ | 12/31/2023
Cost model |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Furniture and facilities |  | 30,637,833 |  | 10 |  | — | ​ | 852,961 | ​ | (766,465) |  | 30,724,329 |  | (25,224,510) |  | 899,562 |  | — |  | (1,533,890) |  | — |  | (25,858,838) |  | 4,865,491
Machinery and equipment |  | 109,365,229 |  | 5 |  | — | ​ | 8,889,669 | ​ | (1,436,757) |  | 116,818,141 |  | (97,374,493) |  | 1,384,606 |  | — |  | (6,208,829) |  | — |  | (102,198,716) |  | 14,619,425
Vehicles |  | 5,096,091 |  | 5 |  | — | ​ | 1,122,595 | ​ | (1,239,722) |  | 4,978,964 |  | (2,234,305) |  | 1,028,563 |  | — |  | (908,351) |  | — |  | (2,114,093) |  | 2,864,871
Right of use assets | ​ | 36,784,408 | ​ | 5 | ​ | — | ​ | 7,294,637 | ​ | (23,199,117) | ​ | 20,879,928 | ​ | (21,059,875) | ​ | 23,205,587 | ​ | — | ​ | (14,112,435) | ​ | — | ​ | (11,966,723) | ​ | 8,913,205
Construction in progress |  | 16,338,250 |  | ​ |  | — | ​ | 4,196,691 | ​ | (8,217,064) |  | 12,317,877 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 12,317,877
Revaluation model |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  |  |  | ​ |  | ​
Land and Buildings |  | 76,898,485 |  | 50 |  | (4,559,158) | ​ | 1,647,637 | ​ | (366,413) |  | 73,620,551 |  | (4,628,449) |  | 243,924 |  | — |  | (1,427,239) |  | — |  | (5,811,764) |  | 67,808,787
Total |  | 275,120,296 |  | — |  | (4,559,158) |  | 24,004,190 |  | (35,225,538) |  | 259,339,790 |  | (150,521,632) |  | 26,762,242 |  | — |  | (24,190,744) |  | — |  | (147,950,134) |  | 111,389,656

​

12.1 Revaluation of Property, Plant and Equipment

Grupo Supervielle´s properties, plant and equipment measured at revaluation model were valued at each reporting date by an independent expert. The frequency of revaluations ensures fair value of the revalued asset does not differ materially from its carrying amount.

The last revaluation was made on December 31, 2024.

The following are the book values that would have been recognized if the assets had been accounted under the cost model:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Residual | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Value | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | according to | ​ | ​
​ |  | Revaluation |  | Revalued |  | the cost | ​ | ​
Class | ​ | date | ​ | amount | ​ | model |  | Difference
Land and buildings |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 61,451,551 |  | 64,692,931 |  | (3,241,380)
Land and buildings |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 67,808,787 |  | 49,172,678 |  | 18,636,109

​

​

13.INVESTMENT PROPERTIES

The movements in investment properties for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | P/L for | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Beginning | ​ | Total useful | ​ | changes | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | As of
Item |  | of the year |  | life |  | in the FV |  | Additions |  | Disposals |  | Depreciation |  | 12/31/2024
Cost model | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |
Rented properties | ​ | 1,718,247 | ​ | 5 | ​ | — | ​ | 586,596 | ​ | (294,280) | ​ | (458,587) | ​ | 1,551,976
Measurement at fair value | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Rented properties |  | 97,575,574 |  | 50 |  | (10,188,877) |  | — | ​ | (10,305,054) |  | — |  | 77,081,643
TOTAL INVESTMENT PROPERTIES |  | 99,293,821 |  | ​ |  | (10,188,877) |  | 586,596 | ​ | (10,599,334) |  | (458,587) |  | 78,633,619

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | P/L for | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Beginning | ​ | Total useful | ​ | changes | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | As of
Item |  | of the year |  | life |  | in the FV |  | Additions |  | Disposals |  | Depreciation |  | 12/31/2023
Cost model | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Rented properties | ​ | 1,779,338 | ​ | 5 | ​ | — | ​ | 350,752 | ​ | — | ​ | (411,843) | ​ | 1,718,247
Measurement at fair value | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |
Rented properties |  | 112,845,765 |  | 50 |  | (15,270,191) |  | — | ​ | — |  | — |  | 97,575,574
TOTAL INVESTMENT PROPERTIES |  | 114,625,103 | ​ | ​ |  | (15,270,191) |  | 350,752 | ​ | — |  | (411,843) |  | 99,293,821

​

Investment properties are measured at fair value which is determined by an independent expert.

​

14. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets of Grupo Supervielle for fiscal years ended on December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross carrying amount | ​ | Depreciation | ​ |
​ | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | Additions | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | At the | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | At the | ​ | Net carrying
​ | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | by business | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | End of the | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | By business | ​ | ​ | ​ | End of the | ​ | amount at
Item |  | of the year |  | Additions |  | combinations |  | Impairment |  | Disposals |  | year |  | of the year |  | Disposals |  | combinations |  | Of the year |  | year |  | 12/31/2024
Measurement at cost | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
Goodwill | ​ | 58,855,290 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 58,855,290 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 58,855,290
Brands |  | 3,987,708 |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 3,987,708 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 3,987,708
Other intangible assets(*) |  | 227,358,694 | ​ | 45,918,031 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (445,618) | ​ | 272,831,107 |  | (142,919,320) | ​ | (14,520) | ​ | — | ​ | (26,728,188) | ​ | (169,662,028) | ​ | 103,169,079
TOTAL |  | 290,201,692 | ​ | 45,918,031 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (445,618) | ​ | 335,674,105 |  | (142,919,320) | ​ | (14,520) | ​ | — | ​ | (26,728,188) | ​ | (169,662,028) | ​ | 166,012,077

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross carrying amount | ​ | Depreciation | ​ |
​ | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | Additions | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | At the | ​ | At the | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | At the | ​ | Net carrying
​ | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | by business | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | End of the | ​ | beginning | ​ | ​ | ​ | By business | ​ | ​ | ​ | End of the | ​ | amount at
Item |  | of the year |  | Additions |  | combinations |  | Impairment |  | Disposals |  | year |  | of the year |  | Disposals |  | combinations |  | Of the year |  | year |  | 12/31/2023
Measurement at cost | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
Goodwill | ​ | 67,565,834 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (8,710,544) | ​ | — | ​ | 58,855,290 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 58,855,290
Brands |  | 3,987,708 |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 3,987,708 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 3,987,708
Other intangible assets(*) |  | 192,166,538 | ​ | 36,838,951 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (1,646,795) | ​ | 227,358,694 |  | (112,660,272) | ​ | 203,324 | ​ | — | ​ | (30,462,372) | ​ | (142,919,320) | ​ | 84,439,374
TOTAL |  | 263,720,080 |  | 36,838,951 |  | — |  | (8,710,544) |  | (1,646,795) |  | 290,201,692 |  | (112,660,272) |  | 203,324 |  | — |  | (30,462,372) |  | (142,919,320) |  | 147,282,372

(*)mainly include systems and programs.

​

14.1 Goodwill impairment

Goodwill is assigned to Grupo Supervielle’s cash generating units on the basis of the operating segments.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Supervielle Seguros S.A. | ​ | 193,126 |  | 193,126
Banco Regional de Cuyo S.A. | ​ | 1,012,562 |  | 1,012,562
InvertirOnline S.A.U. / Portal Integral de Inversiones S.A.U. | ​ | 36,807,726 |  | 36,807,726
Micro Lending S.A.U. | ​ | 20,270,772 |  | 20,270,772
Supervielle Agente de Negoación S.A.U. | ​ | 102,225 | ​ | 102,225
Others | ​ | 468,879 |  | 468,879
TOTAL | ​ | 58,855,290 |  | 58,855,290

​

The recoverable amount of a cash generating unit is determined on the basis of its value in use. These method uses cash flow projections based on approved financial budgets covering a period of five years.

The key assumptions are related to marginal contribution margins. These were determined on the basis of past performance, other external sources of information and the expectations of market development.

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​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The discount rates used were 14.1% and they were determined by using the average cost of capital (“WACC”), which is considered a good indicator of the cost of capital. For each cash generating unit, where the assets are assigned, a specific WACC was determined considering the industry and the size of the business.

The main macroeconomic assumptions used include the number of borrowings originated by MILA (“Micro Lending”) and IOL (“ InvertirOnline”) operating income:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Real | ​ | Forecast | ​ | Forecast | ​ | Forecast | ​ | Forecast | ​ | Forecast |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | 2027 |  | 2028 |  | 2029 |
Inflation (end of period) |  | 117.8 | % | 35.6 | % | 25.9 | % | 15.2 | % | 8.3 | % | 5.7 | %
Inflation (average) |  | 236.8 | % | 50.0 | % | 27.6 | % | 20.0 | % | 11.3 | % | 7.1 | %
Cost of funding (average) |  | 39.9 | % | 35.3 | % | 25.9 | % | 19.6 | % | 14.5 | % | 10.9 | %
Loan’s interest rate (average) |  | 57.0 | % | 49.3 | % | 37.9 | % | 29.6 | % | 23.5 | % | 18.9 | %
Number of borrowings originated by Micro Lending | ​ | 23,630 | ​ | 23,500 | ​ | 23,508 | ​ | 23,508 | ​ | 23,508 | ​ | 23,508 | ​
InvertirOnline'Operating income | ​ | 31,535 | ​ | 53,704 | ​ | 76,268 | ​ | 95,919 | ​ | 114,843 | ​ | 132,382 | ​

​

Business keys have been tested at the date of the financial statements and no impairment losses have been identified.

​

The sensitivity analysis of cash-generating units to which key values were allocated was based on a 1% increase in the weighted average cost of capital. The Panel concluded that it would not be necessary to recognize any impairment loss on key securities in the segment under these conditions.

​

15. COMPOSITION OF THE MAIN ITEMS OF THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AND CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT

15.1 Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Government securities |  | 242,760,410 |  | 95,509,226
Corporate securities | ​ | 19,539,690 |  | 5,567,552
Securities issued by the Central Bank |  | 1,032,102 |  | —
​ | ​ | 263,332,202 |  | 101,076,778

​

15. 2 Derivatives

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Debtor balances related to forward operations in foreign currency to be settled in pesos |  | 4,496,177 |  | 6,248,965
Debtor balances related to forward operations in foreign currency | ​ | 131,633 | ​ | 345,005
Put option taken |  | — |  | 1,670,362
​ | ​ | 4,627,810 |  | 8,264,332

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

15.3 Other financial assets

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Participation Certificates in Financial Trusts |  | 1,206,529 |  | 1,383,522
Investments in Asset Management and Other Services |  | 3,830,834 |  | 15,005,477
Other investments |  | 2,577,630 |  | 6,779,199
Receivable from spot sales pending settlement |  | 9,093,374 |  | 54,367,588
Several debtors |  | 12,520,356 |  | 23,551,446
Miscellaneous debtors for credit card operations |  | 1,298,759 |  | 1,078,727
Allowances for loan losses | ​ | (1,894,319) | ​ | (906,343)
​ | ​ | 28,633,163 |  | 101,259,616

​

15.4 Other debt securities

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Negotiable obligations | ​ | 75,669,330 | ​ | 27,584,217
Debt securities from Financial trusts |  | 17,688,826 |  | 9,997,480
Government securities | ​ | 634,418,113 | ​ | 348,467,602
Securities issued by BCRA |  | — |  | 165,679,886
Liquidity Tax Bills (LEFI) | ​ | 90,188,363 | ​ | —
Others | ​ | 3,830,034 | ​ | 194
Allowances for loan losses | ​ | (8,898,923) | ​ | (4,749,521)
​ | ​ | 812,895,743 |  | 546,979,858

​

15.5 Financial assets pledged as collateral

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Guarantee securities for repo operations |  | 8,491,179 |  | 2,118,174
Special guarantees accounts in the Argentine Central Bank | ​ | 54,274,918 | ​ | 47,391,944
Deposits in guarantee |  | 112,585,869 |  | 51,494,327
​ | ​ | 175,351,966 |  | 101,004,445

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Electronics |  | — |  | —
​ | ​ | — |  | —

​

15.6 Other non-financial assets

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Other Miscellaneous assets |  | 17,080,489 |  | 18,592,724
Loans to employees |  | 3,529,534 |  | 4,647,677
Payments in advance |  | 9,625,070 |  | 12,952,707
Other non-financial assets | ​ | 804,747 | ​ | 335,487
Retirement Plan |  | 769,145 |  | 1,193,286
Works of art and collector's pieces | ​ | 548,974 |  | 551,696
Insurance Contract assets (Note 18) | ​ | 3,013,730 |  | 2,584,996
Asset from insurance broker operations (Note 18) | ​ | 170,526 |  | 2,221
​ | ​ | 35,542,215 | ​ | 40,860,794

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

15.7 Deposits

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Non-financial sector |  | 144,705,833 |  | 219,392,129
Financial sector |  | 185,277 |  | 1,037,729
Current accounts |  | 386,058,910 |  | 301,797,540
Special checking accounts | ​ | 975,718,997 |  | 1,593,971,142
Savings accounts |  | 711,833,420 |  | 526,572,089
Time deposits and investments accounts |  | 729,192,111 |  | 385,860,302
Investment accounts | ​ | 169,216,650 |  | 265,751,612
Others | ​ | 34,864,079 |  | 34,490,429
Interest and Adjustments |  | 21,685,966 |  | 44,128,950
​ | ​ | 3,173,461,243 |  | 3,373,001,922

​

15.8 Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Liabilities for transactions in local currency |  | — |  | 1,323,792
​ | ​ | — |  | 1,323,792

​

15.9 Other financial liabilities

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Amounts payable for spot transactions pending settlement |  | 6,406,396 |  | 31,517,729
Collections and other operations on behalf of third parties |  | 146,764,952 |  | 119,981,019
Unpaid fees |  | 152 |  | 26,295
Financial guarantee contracts |  | 146,997 |  | 91,626
Lease liability |  | 6,133,297 |  | 6,222,607
Others | ​ | 6,733,362 |  | 559,652
​ | ​ | 166,185,156 | ​ | 158,398,928

​

15.10 Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Financing received from local financial institutions |  | 15,614,717 |  | 5,305,099
Financing received from international institutions |  | 23,683,151 |  | 557,030
​ | ​ | 39,297,868 |  | 5,862,129

​

15.11 Provisions

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Eventual commitments | ​ | 209,922 | ​ | 896,451
Unused Balances of Credit Cards | ​ | 3,247,294 | ​ | 3,172,768
Restructuring expenses | ​ | — | ​ | 13,065,818
Provision for agreed revocable current account advances | ​ | 296,472 | ​ | 30,587
Other contingencies |  | 36,849,161 |  | 15,276,076
​ | ​ | 40,602,849 |  | 32,441,700

​

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​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

15.12 Other non-financial liabilities

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Payroll and social securities |  | 116,012,092 |  | 70,227,178
Sundry creditors |  | 34,169,411 |  | 41,011,942
Revenue from contracts with customers (1) |  | 462,398 |  | 1,977,305
Tax payable |  | 33,887,019 |  | 42,858,850
Social security payment orders pending settlement |  | 6,205,557 |  | 2,783,777
Reinsurance contract liabilities | ​ | 17,847 | ​ | 10,958
Liabilities from insurance broker operations | ​ | 156,414 | ​ | 90,269
Other |  | 1,333,139 |  | 443,345
​ | ​ | 192,243,877 |  | 159,403,624

​

(1) | Deferred revenue associated with contracts with customers includes the liability for the customer loyalty program. The Group estimates the value of the points assigned to customers in the Club Supervielle and Club Mis Puntos Programs, by applying a mathematical model that considers assumptions about redemption percentages, fair value of points redeemed based on the combination of available products. and customer preferences, as well as the expiration of unused points. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the sum of $462,398 and $1,977,305 points have been recorded for unredeemed points, respectively.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Maturity | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Up to 12 | ​ | Up to 24 | ​ | More than | ​ | ​
Item |  | months |  | months |  | 24 months |  | Total
Revenue from contracts with customers | ​ | 462,398 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 462,398

​

15.13 Interest Income

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Interest on overdrafts |  | 83,226,140 |  | 96,710,556 | ​ | 51,111,510
Interest on promissory notes |  | 93,035,284 |  | 146,926,625 | ​ | 139,431,514
Interest on personal loans |  | 117,122,816 |  | 144,712,780 | ​ | 200,661,520
Interest on corporate unsecured loans |  | 151,610,849 |  | 209,330,644 | ​ | 110,432,628
Interest on credit card loans |  | 49,361,823 |  | 91,472,208 | ​ | 99,889,931
Interest on mortgage loans |  | 145,917,120 |  | 135,796,466 | ​ | 122,835,539
Interest on automobile and other secured loan |  | 56,906,745 |  | 27,383,291 | ​ | 28,576,191
Interest on foreign trade loans |  | 9,591,092 |  | 6,925,018 | ​ | 8,732,829
Interest on financial leases |  | 27,419,703 |  | 38,910,900 | ​ | 31,059,130
Interest on public and private securities measured at amortized cost | ​ | 492,340,275 |  | 1,236,666,154 | ​ | 842,787,376
Other |  | 434,761,000 |  | 386,208,896 | ​ | 72,520,310
Total |  | 1,661,292,847 |  | 2,521,043,538 | ​ | 1,708,038,478

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

15.14 Interest Expenses

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Interest on current accounts deposits |  | 389,254,686 |  | 816,240,365 | ​ | 459,886,100
Interest on time deposits |  | 471,880,282 |  | 956,011,925 | ​ | 642,743,677
Interest on other financial liabilities |  | 12,253,138 |  | 7,885,998 | ​ | 8,642,263
Interest from financing sector |  | 2,147,004 |  | 6,037,943 | ​ | 7,310,059
Other |  | 12,478,501 |  | 11,449,637 | ​ | 3,770,317
Total |  | 888,013,611 |  | 1,797,625,868 | ​ | 1,122,352,416

​

15.15 Net income from financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Income from corporate and government securities |  | 133,719,708 |  | 278,299,120 | ​ | 112,045,723
Income from securities issued by the Argentine Central Bank |  | — |  | — | ​ | 7,193,872
Derivatives |  | 7,344,589 |  | 22,391,175 | ​ | 4,497,352
Total |  | 141,064,297 |  | 300,690,295 | ​ | 123,736,947

​

15.16 Service fee income

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Commissions from deposits accounts |  | 63,795,582 |  | 81,425,932 | ​ | 83,072,523
Commissions from credit and debit cards |  | 42,306,970 |  | 44,846,744 | ​ | 64,739,127
Commissions from loans operations |  | 448,348 |  | 803,315 | ​ | 2,069,260
Other Commissions | ​ | 89,152,784 |  | 75,716,936 | ​ | 55,858,195
Total |  | 195,703,684 |  | 202,792,927 | ​ | 205,739,105

​

15.17 Service fee expenses

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Commissions paid |  | 41,078,731 |  | 51,436,984 | ​ | 71,001,241
Export and foreign currency operations |  | 1,501,752 |  | 1,209,718 | ​ | 1,715,966
Total |  | 42,580,483 |  | 52,646,702 | ​ | 72,717,207

​

15.18 Income from insurance activities

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Insurance revenue | ​ | 40,788,242 |  | 40,431,615 | ​ | 41,744,742
Insurance service expenses | ​ | (19,978,340) |  | (12,506,831) | ​ | (12,860,867)
Net expenses from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | (144,827) |  | (243,022) | ​ | (867,616)
Broker activity operations | ​ | 4,329,663 |  | 3,744,389 | ​ | 2,697,458
Total |  | 24,994,738 |  | 31,426,151 | ​ | 30,713,717

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

15.19 Other operating income

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Reversal of allowance for loan losses and assets written down |  | 4,607,832 |  | 11,982,685 |  | 22,054,889
Rental from safety boxes |  | 4,234,569 |  | 4,466,219 |  | 5,171,899
Returns of risk funds | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 10,599,122
Commissions from trust services |  | 492,794 |  | 388,196 |  | 551,471
Adjustment of various credits | ​ | 4,405,367 | ​ | 5,384,308 | ​ | 2,968,436
Sale of fixed assets | ​ | 286,676 |  | 9,945 |  | 194,040
Punitive interest | ​ | 3,105,107 | ​ | 5,049,719 | ​ | 4,479,359
Others |  | 22,060,929 |  | 24,304,403 |  | 25,126,500
Total |  | 39,193,274 |  | 51,585,475 |  | 71,145,716

​

15.20 Personnel expenses

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Payroll and social securities |  | 275,161,498 |  | 326,784,995 |  | 335,958,795
Others expenses |  | 18,163,455 |  | 22,497,960 |  | 29,504,119
Total |  | 293,324,953 |  | 349,282,955 |  | 365,462,914

​

15.21 Administrative expenses

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Directors´ and statutory auditors’fees |  | 5,039,046 |  | 7,168,384 |  | 5,410,723
Professional fees |  | 47,319,392 |  | 54,453,979 |  | 56,319,153
Advertising and publicity |  | 16,905,233 |  | 10,315,925 |  | 15,010,469
Taxes |  | 40,173,289 |  | 44,441,482 |  | 43,752,526
Maintenance, security and services |  | 45,660,777 |  | 42,797,626 |  | 46,953,658
Rent |  | 112,572 |  | 144,595 |  | 535,418
Others |  | 19,116,809 |  | 24,554,772 |  | 25,711,849
Total |  | 174,327,118 |  | 183,876,763 |  | 193,693,796

​

15.22 Depreciation and impairment of non-financial assets

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment |  | 9,579,439 |  | 10,078,309 |  | 12,216,818
Depreciation of other non-financial assets |  | 6,233,601 |  | 6,171,041 |  | 5,081,865
Depreciation of intangible assets |  | 26,728,188 |  | 30,462,372 |  | 33,189,910
Depreciation of right-of-use assets | ​ | 9,714,674 |  | 14,112,435 |  | 12,983,426
Loss from sale or impairment of property, plant and equipment | ​ | 328,220 |  | 8,710,541 |  | 5,009,858
Total |  | 52,584,122 |  | 69,534,698 |  | 68,481,877

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

15.23 Other operating expenses

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 |  | 12/31/2022
Promotions related with credit cards |  | 20,806,913 |  | 10,345,340 |  | 11,759,253
Turnover tax |  | 82,405,552 |  | 119,702,266 |  | 116,765,395
Fair value on initial recognition of loans |  | 992,560 |  | 451,515 |  | 1,044,908
Contributions made to deposit insurance system |  | 4,301,511 |  | 5,119,111 |  | 6,069,673
Loan and credit card balance adjustments | ​ | 1,636,053 |  | 2,703,673 |  | 6,636,240
Interest on liabilities for financial leases | ​ | 1,920,878 |  | 73,365 |  | 3,386,547
Coverage services | ​ | 136,629 |  | 60,007 |  | 93,312
Miscellaneous loss provision | ​ | 54,355,688 |  | 22,409,284 |  | 9,487,103
Others allowances | ​ | 687,842 |  | 1,452,191 |  | 6,364,676
Impairment of investment property | ​ | 10,188,877 |  | 15,270,191 |  | 5,451,222
Others |  | 17,049,975 |  | 27,741,756 |  | 13,522,203
Total |  | 194,482,478 |  | 205,328,699 |  | 180,580,532

​

​

16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

International Financial Reporting Standards result in a contingent liability consisting of (i) a possible obligation, arising from past events, the existence of which must be confirmed by the occurrence of one or more future events of an uncertain nature, which are not have under the control of the Group or (ii) a present obligation that has not been probable or whose amount cannot be measured or estimated with sufficient reliability.

​

The provisions recorded are detailed below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Legal issues |  | 3,973,179 |  | 4,932,379
Labor lawsuits |  | 579,165 |  | 442,286
Tax |  | 31,945,240 |  | 9,132,159
Unused Balances of Credit Cards |  | 3,247,294 |  | 3,172,768
Judicial Deposits |  | 278,055 |  | 473,765
Eventual commitments |  | 209,922 |  | 896,451
Restructuring expenses | ​ | — | ​ | 13,065,818
Others |  | 369,994 |  | 326,074
Total |  | 40,602,849 |  | 32,441,700

​

​

17. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Related parties are those entities that directly, or indirectly through other entities, have control over another, are under the same controlling party or may have significant influence on another entity’s financial or operating decisions.

​

Grupo Supervielle controls another entity when it has power over other entities’ financial and operating decisions and also receives benefits from such entity. The subsidiaries that Grupo Supervielle has control are detailed in Note 1.2. On the other hand, Grupo Supervielle considers that it has joint control when there is an agreement to share control of an entity and decisions about relevant activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.

Finally, those cases in which Grupo Supervielle has significant influence is due to the power to influence the financial and operating decisions of another entity but not being able to exercise control over them. To determine these situations, not only the legal aspects are observed, but also the nature and substantiation of the relationship.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Furthermore, the key personnel of Grupo Supervielle’s Management (Board of Directors members and Managers of Grupo Supervielle and its subsidiaries) are considered as related parties.

Controlling Interest

The majority shareholder of the Group is Mr. Julio Patricio Supervielle, who has established his domicile at 330 Reconquista Street, in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Mr. Julio Patricio Supervielle is the main shareholder of Grupo Supervielle. Julio Patricio Supervielle´s interest in share capital and votes of Grupo Supervielle as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is 24.60% and 29.86% respectively.

​

Remuneration of key personnel

The remuneration received by the key personnel of Grupo Supervielle as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 amounts to $16,621 million of pesos and $11,552 million of pesos, respectively.

Transactions with related parties

The financings, including those that were restructured, were granted in the normal course of business and on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and guarantees, as those in force at the time to grant credit to non-related parties. Likewise, they did not imply a risk of bad debts greater than normal nor did they present any other type of unfavorable conditions.

The following table presents the aggregate amounts of total consolidated financial exposure of the Bank to related parties, the number of recipients, the average amounts and the single largest exposures as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | As of |  | As of
​ | ​ | December 31, 2024 | ​ | December 31, 2023 (*)
Aggregate total financial exposure |  | 5,161,033 |  | 1,778,169
Number of recipient related parties |  | 79 |  | 80
(a) Individuals |  | 67 |  | 68
(b) Companies |  | 12 |  | 12
Average total financial exposure |  | 65,330 |  | 22,227
Single largest exposure |  | 2,238,987 |  | 1,387,195
(*) Historical values as of December 31, 2023, without adjusment for inflation. |  | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

The financing, including those that were restructured, was granted in the normal course of business and on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and guarantees, as those in force at the time for granting credit to unrelated parties. Likewise, they did not imply a risk of bad debts greater than normal nor did they present other types of unfavorable conditions.

​

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​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​

18. INSURANCE

The opening of the assets and liabilities of insurance contracts as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is detailed below. The insurance results for the periods ending on that date are also detailed:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Insurance contract assets |  |  |  |
Assets for remaining coverage |  | 4,852,951 |  | 3,752,300
Liability for incurred claim - present value of future cash flow | ​ | (1,829,162) | ​ | (1,117,877)
Liability for incurred claim - risk adjustment for non-financial risk | ​ | (91,184) | ​ | (49,427)
Net balance |  | 2,932,605 |  | 2,584,996
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Reinsurance contract Assets |  |  |  |
Assets for remaining coverage |  | (60,632) |  | (53,989)
Incurred claims for contracts under the Premium Allocation Approach (PAA) |  | 141,757 |  | 43,034
Net balance |  | 81,125 |  | (10,955)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Reinsurance contract liabilities |  |  |  |
Liabilities for remaining coverage |  | (19,212) |  | —
Incurred Claims for contracts under the Premium Allocation Approach (PAA) |  | 1,365 |  | —
Net balance |  | (17,847) |  | —
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balances from brokers operations | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Assets from brokers operations | ​ | 170,526 | ​ | 2,221
Liability from brokers operations | ​ | (156,414) | ​ | (90,270)
Net balance |  | 14,112 |  | (88,049)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Insurance revenue from contracts measured under the Premium Allocation Approach (PAA) |  | 40,788,242 |  | 40,431,615
Insurance revenue |  | 40,788,242 |  | 40,431,615
Incurred claims | ​ | (6,812,929) | ​ | (5,610,340)
Acquisition and administrative expenses | ​ | (13,165,411) | ​ | (6,896,491)
Insurance service expenses |  | (19,978,340) |  | (12,506,831)
Allocation of reinsurance premiums |  | (299,918) |  | (323,572)
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers for incurred claims |  | 155,091 |  | 80,550
Net expenses from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | (144,827) | ​ | (243,022)
Insurance service result - IFRS 17 | ​ | 20,665,075 | ​ | 27,681,762
Broker activity operations | ​ | 4,329,663 | ​ | 3,744,389
Income from insurance activities |  | 24,994,738 |  | 31,426,151

​

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Reconciliation of the liability for remaining coverage and the liability for incurred claims

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Incurred claims for contracts under the Premium Allocation Approach (PAA)
Reinsurance contracts held at December 31, 2024 |  | Remaining coverage |  | Present value of future cash flows |  | Total
Reinsurance contract liabilities | ​ | (53,989) | ​ | 43,034 | ​ | (10,955)
Net balance as at January 1, 2024 | ​ | (53,989) | ​ | 43,034 | ​ | (10,955)
Net income (expenses) from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Allocation of reinsurance premiums | ​ | (299,918) | ​ | — | ​ | (299,918)
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers for incurred claims | ​ | — | ​ | 155,091 | ​ | 155,091
Net income (expenses) from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | (299,918) | ​ | 155,091 | ​ | (144,827)
IAS29 + finance income from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | 62,628 | ​ | (22,492) | ​ | 40,136
Total amounts recognised in comprehensive income | ​ | (237,290) | ​ | 132,599 | ​ | (104,691)
Cash flows | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Premiums paid net of ceding commissions and other directly attributable expenses paid | ​ | 211,435 | ​ | — | ​ | 211,435
Recoveries from reinsurance | ​ | — | ​ | (32,512) | ​ | (32,512)
Total cash flows | ​ | 211,435 | ​ | (32,512) | ​ | 178,923
Net balance as at December 31, 2024 | ​ | (79,843) | ​ | 143,122 | ​ | 63,279
Reinsurance contract liabilities | ​ | (19,212) | ​ | 1,365 | ​ | (17,847)
Reinsurance contract Assets | ​ | (60,632) | ​ | 141,757 | ​ | 81,125

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Incurred claims for contracts under the Premium Allocation Approach (PAA)
Reinsurance contracts held at December 31, 2023 |  | Remaining coverage |  | Present value of future cash flows |  | Total
Reinsurance contract liabilities | ​ | (420,035) | ​ | 10,993 | ​ | (409,042)
Net balance as at January 1, 2023 | ​ | (420,035) | ​ | 10,993 | ​ | (409,042)
Net income (expenses) from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Allocation of reinsurance premiums | ​ | (323,572) | ​ | — | ​ | (323,572)
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers for incurred claims | ​ | — | ​ | 80,550 | ​ | 80,550
Net income (expenses) from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | (323,572) | ​ | 80,550 | ​ | (243,022)
IAS29 + finance income from reinsurance contracts held | ​ | 173,727 | ​ | 1,098 | ​ | 174,825
Total amounts recognised in comprehensive income | ​ | (149,845) | ​ | 81,648 | ​ | (68,197)
Cash flows | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Premiums paid net of ceding commissions and other directly attributable expenses paid | ​ | 548,455 | ​ | — | ​ | 548,455
Recoveries from reinsurance | ​ | (32,569) | ​ | (49,607) | ​ | (82,176)
Total cash flows | ​ | 515,886 | ​ | (49,607) | ​ | 466,279
Net balance as at December 31, 2023 | ​ | (53,989) | ​ | 43,034 | ​ | (10,955)
Reinsurance contract liabilities | ​ | (53,989) | ​ | 43,034 | ​ | (10,955)
Reinsurance contract Assets | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —

​

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2024 | ​ | ​
Insurance contracts issued | ​ | ​ | ​ | Further analysis of the liabilities for incurred claims (LIC) for contracts under the Premium Allocation Approach (PAA) | ​ | ​
​ |  | Liability for remaining coverage (LRC) |  | Present value of future cash flows |  | Risk adj. for non-fin. risk |  | Total
Insurance contract assets | ​ | 3,752,300 | ​ | (1,117,877) | ​ | (49,427) | ​ | 2,584,996
Net balance as at January 1, 2024 | ​ | 3,752,300 | ​ | (1,117,877) | ​ | (49,427) | ​ | 2,584,996
Insurance revenue | ​ | 40,788,242 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 40,788,242
Insurance service expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Incurred claims and other directly attributable expenses | ​ | — | ​ | (15,591,348) | ​ | (68,486) | ​ | (15,659,834)
Insurance acquisition cashflows | ​ | (4,318,506) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (4,318,506)
Insurance service expenses | ​ | (4,318,506) | ​ | (15,591,348) | ​ | (68,486) | ​ | (19,978,340)
Insurance service result | ​ | 36,469,736 | ​ | (15,591,348) | ​ | (68,486) | ​ | 20,809,902
IAS29 + net financial expenses for insurance contracts | ​ | (8,084,261) | ​ | 288,844 | ​ | 26,729 | ​ | (7,768,688)
Total amounts recognised in comprehensive income | ​ | 28,385,475 | ​ | (15,302,504) | ​ | (41,757) | ​ | 13,041,214
Cash flows | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Premiums received | ​ | (29,575,774) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (29,575,774)
Claims and other directly attributable expenses paid | ​ | — | ​ | 14,591,219 | ​ | — | ​ | 14,591,219
Insurance acquisition cashflows | ​ | 2,290,950 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 2,290,950
Total cash flows | ​ | (27,284,824) | ​ | 14,591,219 | ​ | — | ​ | (12,693,605)
Net balance as at December 31, 2024 | ​ | 4,852,951 | ​ | (1,829,162) | ​ | (91,184) | ​ | 2,932,605

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2023 | ​ | ​
Insurance contracts issued | ​ | ​ | ​ | Further analysis of the liabilities for incurred claims (LIC) for contracts under the Premium Allocation Approach (PAA) | ​ | ​
​ |  | Liability for remaining coverage (LRC) |  | Present value of future cash flows |  | Risk adj. for non-fin. risk |  | Total
Insurance contract assets | ​ | 4,551,088 | ​ | (2,066,782) | ​ | (96,994) | ​ | 2,387,312
Net balance as at January 1, 2023 | ​ | 4,551,088 | ​ | (2,066,782) | ​ | (96,994) | ​ | 2,387,312
Insurance revenue | ​ | 40,431,615 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 40,431,615
Insurance service expenses | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Incurred claims and other directly attributable expenses | ​ | — | ​ | (10,966,158) | ​ | 47,567 | ​ | (10,918,591)
Insurance acquisition cashflows | ​ | (1,588,241) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (1,588,241)
Insurance service expenses | ​ | (1,588,241) | ​ | (10,966,158) | ​ | 47,567 | ​ | (12,506,832)
Insurance service result | ​ | 38,843,374 | ​ | (10,966,158) | ​ | 47,567 | ​ | 27,924,783
IAS29 + net financial expenses for insurance contracts | ​ | (12,695,000) | ​ | (106,480) | ​ | — | ​ | (12,801,480)
Total amounts recognised in comprehensive income | ​ | 26,148,374 | ​ | (11,072,638) | ​ | 47,567 | ​ | 15,123,303
Cash flows | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Premiums received | ​ | (28,842,709) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (28,842,709)
Claims and other directly attributable expenses paid | ​ | — | ​ | 12,021,543 | ​ | — | ​ | 12,021,543
Insurance acquisition cashflows | ​ | 1,895,547 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1,895,547
Total cash flows | ​ | (26,947,162) | ​ | 12,021,543 | ​ | — | ​ | (14,925,619)
Net balance as at December 31, 2023 | ​ | 3,752,300 | ​ | (1,117,877) | ​ | (49,427) | ​ | 2,584,996

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

b. Income from insurances activities

The composition of the item “Result for insurance activities” as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is disclosed in Note 15.18.

19. ASSET MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Banco Supervielle S.A. is the depository of the Asset managed by Supervielle Asset Management S.A.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
| ​ | Portfolio |  | Net Worth |  | Number of Units
Asset Management and Other Services |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 | ​ | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 | ​ | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Premier Renta CP en Pesos |  | 1,002,160,395 |  | 828,849,750 |  | 1,000,226,319 |  | 827,877,828 |  | 37,855,465,497 |  | 30,510,651,741
Premier Renta Plus en Pesos |  | 5,713,155 |  | 7,101,124 |  | 5,560,242 |  | 7,072,825 |  | 43,958,215 |  | 48,164,279
Premier Renta Fija Ahorro |  | 129,305,433 |  | 53,608,209 |  | 127,642,222 |  | 52,516,493 |  | 5,655,719,913 |  | 227,991,276
Premier Renta Fija Crecimiento |  | 31,624,491 |  | 39,008,994 |  | 31,604,441 |  | 38,984,286 |  | 8,317,856,855 |  | 9,532,812,035
Premier Renta Variable |  | 21,783,584 |  | 11,834,957 |  | 21,655,621 |  | 11,740,867 |  | 18,349,372 |  | 12,205,660
Premier Abierto Pymes |  | 10,764,677 |  | 14,361,638 |  | 10,631,724 |  | 14,338,202 |  | 139,528,670 |  | 142,666,395
Premier Commodities |  | 3,579,676 |  | 8,021,743 |  | 3,543,303 |  | 6,218,025 |  | 16,554,885 |  | 22,338,558
Premier Capital |  | 29,514,699 |  | 38,921,339 |  | 29,226,620 |  | 36,380,515 |  | 273,412,236 |  | 380,115,435
Premier Inversion |  | 2,034,572 |  | 3,703,240 |  | 2,032,051 |  | 3,574,888 |  | 199,211,087 |  | 342,850,074
Premier Balanceado |  | 1,769 |  | 4,408,810 |  | 782 |  | 4,405,783 |  | — |  | 32,648,809
Premier Renta Mixta |  | 11,969,364 |  | 58,882,934 |  | 11,925,713 |  | 58,456,729 |  | 421,471,713 |  | 2,641,477,623
Premier Renta Mixta en Dólares |  | 15,743,560 |  | 5,940,206 |  | 15,642,375 |  | 5,822,246 |  | 15,844,726 |  | 4,995,316
Premier Performance Dólares |  | 93,102,590 |  | 23,688,639 |  | 92,224,965 |  | 23,079,478 |  | 60,957,323 |  | 15,351,225
Premier Global USD |  | 210,630 |  | 1,288,747 |  | 205,468 |  | 1,257,056 |  | 185,545 |  | 640,443
Premier Estratégico | ​ | 16,587,287 |  | 16,094,396 |  | 16,571,752 |  | 16,082,096 |  | 832,710,848 |  | 832,710,848
Premier FCI Sustentable ASG |  | 583,151 |  | 713,032 |  | 578,727 |  | 711,490 |  | 207,677,759 |  | 172,449,306

​

​

20. CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEPOSIT INSURANCE SYSTEM

Law No. 24485 and Decree No. 540/95 established the creation of the Deposit Insurance System to cover the risk attached to bank deposits, in addition to the system of privileges and safeguards envisaged in the Financial Institutions Law.

The National Executive Branch through Decree No. 1127/98 dated September 24, 1998, established the maximum amount for this insurance system to demand deposits and time deposits denominated either in Pesos and/or in foreign currency. Such limit was set at $1,000 as from March 1, 2019 and increased to 1,500 as of May 1, 2020. As of January 1, 2023 the limit is established at 6,000. As of April 1, 2024, with the application of Communication “A” 7985, the new limit is established at $25,000.

This regime does not include deposits made by other financial institutions (including time deposit certificates acquired through a secondary transaction), deposits made by persons directly or indirectly related to the entity, deposits of securities, acceptances or guarantees at an interest rate higher than that periodically set forth by the Argentine Central Bank on the basis of the daily survey carried out by that agency (*) and term deposits and investments that exceed said rate by 1.3 times or the reference rate plus 5 percentage points, whichever is greater (*). Excluded from the regime are also the deposits whose ownership was acquired through endorsement and placements offering incentives additional to the interest rate. The system has been implemented through the creation of the so-called “Deposit Guarantee Fund” (FGD), which is managed by the company Seguros de Depósitos S.A. (SEDESA) and whose shareholders

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

are the Central Bank and the financial institutions in the proportion determined for each of them by that agency on the basis of contributions made to such fund.

​

(*) Enforced on April 17, 2020, pursuant to provision “A” 6460, such exclusions are as follows: Sight deposits with agreed-upon rates exceeding reference rates and term deposits and investments exceeding 1.3 times such rate-or the reference rate plus five percentage points – the highest of both –, except for fixed-term deposits in pesos arranged at the minimum annual nominal rate published by the Argentine Central Bank as provided in point 1.11.1. of the regulations on “Term deposits and investments.” Reference rates are released on a regular basis by the Argentine Central Bank in accordance with a mobile average of the last five banking business days of passive rates that may arise for term deposits of up to 100 (or its equivalent in other currencies) from the survey to be conducted by said institution. Effective April 1, 2024, the reference rates will be calculated based on the moving average of the last five banking business days of deposit rates for fixed-term deposits in pesos up to 50,000 and in foreign currency up to USD 100, as determined by the survey conducted by the BCRA.

​

The amounts detailed above are nominal.

​

21. RESTRICTED ASSETS

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the following Grupo Supervielle’s assets are restricted:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Item |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
Financial assets in guarantee |  |  |  |
Special guarantee accounts in the Argentine Central Bank |  | 54,274,918 |  | 47,391,944
Guarantee deposits for currency forward transactions |  | 72,438,872 |  | 24,376,318
Guarantee deposits for credit cards transactions |  | 11,582,637 |  | 5,828,053
Other guarantee deposits |  | 28,564,360 |  | 21,289,956
​ | ​ | 166,860,787 |  | 98,886,271

​

Within restricted availability assets there are $8,491,179 and $2,118,174 respectively, forward purchases through repo transactions.

​

22. FINANCIAL TRUSTS

The detail of the financial trusts in which Grupo Supervielle acts as Trustee or as a Settler is summarized below:

As Trustee:

Banco Supervielle S.A.

Below is a detail of financial trusts:

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Below is a detail of the Guarantee Management trust where the Bank acts as a trustee as of December 31, 2024:

​

Financial trust | Indenture executed on | Due of principal obligation | Original principal amount | Principal balance | Beneficiaries | Settlers
Fideicomiso de Administración Interconexión 500 KV ET Nueva San Juan - ET Rodeo Iglesia | 09/12/2018 | The duration of this Trust FundContract will be 24 months as from 09/12/2018, or termination of payment obligations through disbursements (the “termination date”). After 30 (thirty days) days of the end of the term of the trust contract without the parties having agreed on an extension fee, the trust will be considered extinguished without the possibility of extension, with the trustee receiving, from the trust account, the sum of pesos equivalent to U$D 6,000 (six thousand U.S. dollars) at the current purchasing exchange rate at Banco Supervielle as a penalty. At present, Interconexión Eléctrica Rodeo S.A. is negotiating the proposal of the Commission for the Extension and Prolongation of the Trust Contract | - | - | Those initially mentioned (DISERVEL S.R.L., INGENIAS S.R.L, GEOTECNIA (INV. CALVENTE), NEWEN INGENIERIA S.A., INGICIAP S.A., MERCADOS ENERGETICOS, DISERVEL S.R.L.) and providers of works, goods and services included in the Project to be assigned by the Trustee with prior consent of the Trustor | Interconexión Electrica Rodeo S.A.

​

As Settler:

​

Micro Lending Financial Trust

The following are financial trusts where Micro Lending S.A.U acts as settler:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | Securitized | ​ | Issued Securities
Financial Trust |  | Set-up on |  | Amount |  | Type |  | Amount |  | Type |  | Amount |  | Type |  | Amount
III |  | 06/08/2011 | ​ | $ | 39,779 |  | VDF TV A |  | VN$31,823 |  | VDF B |  | NV $6,364 |  | Participation certificate |  | VN $1,592
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Exp date: 03/12/13 | ​ | ​ |  | Exp date: 11/12/13 | ​ | ​ |  | Exp date: 10/12/16 | ​ | ​
IV |  | 09/01/2011 | ​ | $ | 40,652 |  | VDF TV A |  | VN$32,522 |  | VDF B |  | NV $6,504 |  | Participation certificate |  | VN $1,626
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | Exp date: 06/20/13 | ​ | ​ |  | Exp date: 10/20/13 | ​ | ​ |  | Exp date: 06/29/17 | ​ | ​

​

23. ISSUANCE OF DEBT SECURITIES

Banco Supervielle S.A.

Unsubordinated Debt Securities

Global Program for the issuance of simple Negotiable Debt securities, not convertible into shares

Negotiable non-subordinated bonds

Global Program for the issuance of simple Negotiable Debt securities, not convertible into shares

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

As of 22 September 2016, The Ordinary and Extraordinary General Assembly of Banco Supervielle S.A. decided to approve the creation of a Global Program for the Issuance of Negotiable Bonds up to a maximum amount in circulation at any time during the duration of the program of U$S 800,000. The program was authorized by the National Securities Commission through Resolution No 18.376 dated November 24, 2016.On March 6, 2018, the expansion of the Global Negotiable Bonds Program for U$S 2,300,000 was approved by an assembly meeting. On 16 April 2018, the CNV approved the increase of the Program by resolution Nr 19.470. On April 26, 2021, the Ordinary and Extraordinary Shareholders' Meeting resolved to reduce the amount of the Program to US$300,000 (or its equivalent in other currencies or units of value) and extend the term of the Program for an additional five years. On July 20, 2021, the CNV approved the reduction of the amount and extension of the Program through Resolution DI-2021-39-APN-GE#CNV.

Registration CNV frequent issuer scheme

On August 6, 2018, the Board of Directors of Banco Supervielle S.A. decided to request the National Securities Commission (the “CNV”) to register the Bank as a frequent issuer of marketable bonds. This request was authorized by the CNV through Resolution No. 19.958 dated 27 December 2018. The Bank is registered with the CNV as a frequent issuer of Marketable Bonds under the number 03. At the meeting of the board of directors of the society on 7 March 2019, The Bank’s ratification was approved in the Frequent Issuer Regime and at the Board meeting on December 2, 2019 it was decided to allocate the maximum amount of U$S 300,000 corresponding to the Global Program for the Issuance of Negotiable Bonds by up to U$S 2,300,000, the bank is in the process of reducing the maximum amount of this Program. The CNV approved this ratification through Resolution DI-2020-11-APN-GE #CNV dated February 11, 2020. At present, the Bank’s frequent issuer status is not in force.

On August 2, 2024, Banco Supervielle S.A. issued its class H negotiable bonds at a variable rate with maturity on August 2, 2025 (12 months from the date of issue and settlement), for a nominal value of $20,877,777. The program was authorized by the National Securities Commission through Resolution No 18.376 dated November 24, 2016. Negotiable Bonds are issued under your global program of non-convertible, unsubordinated marketable bonds with a nominal value of up to $300,000 (or its equivalent in other currencies and/or units of value).

Interest on Class H Corporate Debt, at a nominal annual variable rate equivalent to the sum of the Private Bank’s Badlar rate plus a mark of 5.25%, shall be payable quarterly on the following dates: November 2, 2024, February 2,2025, May 2025 and on the expiry date of August 2, 2025.

On November 4, 2024, $2,342,101 was paid corresponding to the first quarterly payment of Corporate Debt class H interest.

The principal of Class H Corporate Debt shall be paid in full at maturity date.

On November 28, 2024, Banco Supervielle S.A. issued its class I Corporate Debt at a fixed rate of 4.70% with maturity on May 28, 2025 (6 months from the date of issue and settlement), for a nominal value of US dollar $30,000. The program was authorized by the National Securities Commission through Resolution No 18.376 dated November 24, 2016. Negotiable Bonds are issued under your global program of non-convertible, unsubordinated marketable bonds with a nominal value of up to $300,000 (or its equivalent in other currencies and/or units of value).

​

The principal and interest of the Class I Marketable Bonds shall be paid in full in a single payment, to be made on the due date.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The following is a detail of the issue of Banco Supervielle SA, in force on December 31, 2024:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Book Value
Issuance date |  | Currency |  | Class |  | Amount |  | Amortization |  | Term Due |  | Maturity date |  | Annual Interest Rate |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023
2/8/2024 | ​ | $ | ​ | H | ​ | 20,877,777 | ​ | Due date | ​ | 12 months | ​ | 2/8/2025 | ​ | Variable Badlar rate of private banks + 5.25% | ​ | 20,127,198 | ​ | —
11/28/2024 | ​ | u$s | ​ | I | ​ | 30,000 | ​ | Due date | ​ | 6 months | ​ | 05/28/2025 | ​ | Nominal annual fixed interest rate of 4.70 | ​ | 31,030,668 | ​ | —
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 51,157,866 | ​ | —
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

As of 31 December 2023, Banco Supervielle S.A did not have any current issues.

24. RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF DIVIDENDS

The rules of the B.C.R.A. provide for the allocation to legal reserve of 20% of the profits shown in the income statement at the end of the fiscal year plus (or minus) the adjustments of previous financial years and less, if any, the accumulated loss at the end of the previous financial year.

This ratio applies irrespective of the relationship between the legal reserve fund and share capital. When the Legal Reserve is used to absorb losses, profits may be redistributed only when the value of the same reaches 20% of the capital plus the capital adjustment.

On the other hand, in accordance with the conditions established by the B.C.R.A., profits may be distributed only to the extent that positive results are obtained, after deducting from unallocated results, in addition to the Legal and Statutory Reserve, whose constitution is required, the following concepts: the difference between the book value and the market value of public sector assets and/or debt instruments of the B.C.R.A. not valued at market price, the sums triggered by court cases linked to deposits and the adjustments required by B.C.R.A. and external audit not accounted for.

It will be required to be able to distribute profits meet the minimum capital ratio. The latter, exclusively for this purpose, shall be determined by excluding from the assets and unallocated profit or loss the items mentioned above. In addition, existing allowances for minimum capital requirements, integration and/or position shall not be taken into account.

A capital conservation margin in addition to the minimum capital requirement of 3.5% of risk-weighted assets shall be maintained. This margin shall be integrated exclusively with Common Equity Tier 1, net of deductible items. The distribution of profit or loss is limited when the level and composition of the Entity’s computable liability for equity falls within the range of the capital conservation margin.

The B.C.R.A. decided that prior authorization should be given for the distribution of its results.

The B.C.R.A provided, with effect from January 1, 2024 until December 31, 2024, that financial institutions may distribute results for up to 60% of the accumulated results and subject to approval of that entity. In turn, this distribution may be made in three instalments in a homogeneous currency of each payment.

The B.C.R.A established through Communication “A” 8214, until December 31, 2025, that financial institutions may distribute results for up to 60% of the accumulated results and subject to approval of that entity. In turn, this distribution may be made in ten equal, monthly and consecutive installment (starting on June 30, 2025 and not before the penultimate business day of the following months).

As indicated in Note 32, as a consequence of the share purchase program, as of December 31, 2024, $18,991 treasury shares were held in the portfolio. The cost of acquiring these amounted to 21,167,430 thousand pesos. In accordance with the provisions of Title IV, Chapter III, article 3, paragraph 11, item c of the CNV Rules. (N.T. 2013 and mod.) while these shares are held in the portfolio, there is a restriction on the distribution of retained earnings and free reserves equal to the cost of those shares held in treasury.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​

Our shareholders' equity under the rules of the Argentine Central Bank comprise the following captions:

​

​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024
Capital stock |  | 437,731
Inflation adjustment of capital stock |  | 59,149,131
Paid in capital |  | 554,292,371
Treasury shares | ​ | 18,991
Inflation adjustment of treasury shares | ​ | 8,690,435
Cost of treasury shares | ​ | (21,167,430)
Legal Reserve | ​ | 12,266,518
Other reserves |  | 81,001,535
Retained earnings |  | 124,958,516
Other comprehensive Income |  | 2,958,644
Total shareholders’ equity attributable to the owners of the parent under the rules of the Argentine Central Bank |  | 822,606,442

​

25. LOANS AND OTHER FINANCING

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023 the composition of the loan portfolio is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total as of
​ | ​ | Assets Before Allowances | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | Stage 1 |  | Stage 2 |  | Stage 3 |  | 2024
Promissory notes |  | 303,301,930 |  | 2,266,090 |  | 1,020,970 |  | 306,588,990
Unsecured corporate loans |  | 303,070,601 |  | 5,091,105 |  | 4,715,263 |  | 312,876,969
Overdrafts |  | 80,064,652 |  | 2,194,031 |  | 1,235,635 |  | 83,494,318
Mortgage loans |  | 257,048,293 |  | 8,426,525 |  | 1,251,696 |  | 266,726,514
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 180,429,857 |  | 11,827,296 |  | 5,109,431 |  | 197,366,584
Personal loans |  | 271,573,217 |  | 20,284,186 |  | 6,553,640 |  | 298,411,043
Credit card loans |  | 262,795,645 |  | 11,632,477 |  | 3,910,017 |  | 278,338,139
Foreign Trade Loans |  | 348,286,411 |  | 10,363,458 |  | 4,825,112 |  | 363,474,981
Other financings |  | 36,754,450 |  | 508,900 |  | — |  | 37,263,350
Other receivables from financial transactions |  | 11,500,763 |  | 129,265 |  | 11,446 |  | 11,641,474
Receivables from financial leases |  | 59,171,479 |  | 3,740,121 |  | 357,236 |  | 63,268,836
Subtotal |  | 2,113,997,298 |  | 76,463,454 |  | 28,990,446 |  | 2,219,451,198
Allowances for loan losses |  | (18,518,639) |  | (12,984,633) |  | (17,869,762) |  | (49,373,034)
Total | ​ | 2,095,478,659 | ​ | 63,478,821 | ​ | 11,120,684 | ​ | 2,170,078,164

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Total as of
​ | ​ | Assets Before Allowances | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | Stage 1 |  | Stage 2 |  | Stage 3 |  | 2023
Promissory notes |  | 151,407,457 |  | 1,738,975 |  | 988,501 |  | 154,134,933
Unsecured corporate loans |  | 205,019,081 |  | 3,895,909 |  | 1,147,510 |  | 210,062,500
Overdrafts |  | 90,915,387 |  | 3,038,898 |  | 1,201,639 |  | 95,155,924
Mortgage loans |  | 106,405,338 |  | 7,785,021 |  | 3,296,989 |  | 117,487,348
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 27,807,679 |  | 5,005,719 |  | 563,947 |  | 33,377,345
Personal loans |  | 93,640,015 |  | 15,859,814 |  | 3,516,917 |  | 113,016,746
Credit card loans |  | 142,692,389 |  | 18,782,490 |  | 3,614,502 |  | 165,089,381
Foreign Trade Loans |  | 50,711,409 |  | 8,731,879 |  | 12,250,428 |  | 71,693,716
Other financings |  | 80,532,633 |  | 3,172,853 |  | — |  | 83,705,486
Other receivables from financial transactions |  | 1,053,867 |  | 287,973 |  | 8,848 |  | 1,350,688
Receivables from financial leases |  | 39,327,656 |  | 3,992,142 |  | 215,028 |  | 43,534,826
Subtotal |  | 989,512,911 |  | 72,291,673 |  | 26,804,309 |  | 1,088,608,893
Allowances for loan losses |  | (9,928,781) |  | (11,101,509) |  | (16,966,911) |  | (37,997,201)
Total |  | 979,584,130 |  | 61,190,164 |  | 9,837,398 |  | 1,050,611,692

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 12.31.2024 |  | 12.31.2023
Other guarantees granted | ​ | 110,358,739 | ​ | 203,314,067
Responsibilities for foreign trade loans | ​ | 28,916,698 | ​ | 27,841,210
Documentary loans | ​ | 15,781,305 | ​ | 10,369,477
Overdrafts | ​ | 20,756,519 | ​ | 1,240,473
Total eventual responsability | ​ | 175,813,261 | ​ | 242,765,227

​

Expected Credit Loss Allowance

Expected credit loss allowance recognised in the period is affected by a range of factors as follows:

| ● | Transfers between Stage 1 and Stage 2 or 3 due to financial instruments experiencing significant increases (or decreases) of credit risk or becoming credit-impaired in the period, and the consequent “step up” (or “step down”) between 12 months and Lifetime;

| ● | Additional allowances for new financial instruments recognized during the period, as well as releases for financial instruments de-recognized during the period;

| ● | Impact on the measurement of ECL of changes in PDs, EADs and LGDs in the period, resulting from the regular updating of model inputs;

| ● | Impact on the measurement of ECL as a result of changes in models and assumptions;

| ● | Discount unwind within ECL due to passage of time, as ECL is measured on a present value basis;

| ● | Foreign exchange retranslations for assets denominated in foreign currencies and other movements; and

| ● | Financial assets derecognised during the period and write-offs of allowances related to assets that were written off during the period.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The following tables explain the changes in the credit risk provision corresponding to the Group between the beginning and the end of the year due to the factors indicated below as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Assets Before Allowances |  | ECL Allowance
​ |  | Stage 1 |  | Stage 2 |  | Stage 3 |  | Total |  | Stage 1 |  | Stage 2 |  | Stage 3 |  | Total
Balance at the beginning of the year |  | 989,512,911 |  | 72,291,673 |  | 26,804,309 |  | 1,088,608,893 |  | 9,928,780 |  | 11,101,509 |  | 16,966,911 |  | 37,997,200
Transfers |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Stage 1 to 2 |  | (3,584,917) |  | 3,584,917 |  | — |  | — |  | (116,985) | ​ | 1,030,912 | ​ | — |  | 913,927
Stage 1 to 3 |  | (8,343,147) |  | — |  | 8,343,147 |  | — |  | (28,650) | ​ | — | ​ | 1,567,021 |  | 1,538,371
Stage 2 to 3 |  | — |  | (329,657) |  | 329,657 |  | — |  | — | ​ | (65,722) | ​ | 375,206 |  | 309,484
Stage 2 to 1 |  | 7,911,551 |  | (7,911,551) |  | — |  | — |  | 361,569 | ​ | (1,117,854) | ​ | — |  | (756,285)
Stage 3 to 2 |  | — |  | 780,268 |  | (780,268) |  | — |  | — | ​ | 18,320 | ​ | (548,901) |  | (530,581)
Stage 3 to 1 |  | 107,992 |  | — |  | (107,992) |  | — |  | 2,080 | ​ | — | ​ | (67,596) |  | (65,516)
Additions | ​ | 1,677,516,637 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,677,516,637 | ​ | 13,417,776 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 13,417,776
Disposals | ​ | (354,189,251) |  | (15,174,497) |  | (20,804,019) |  | (390,167,767) | ​ | (1,733,279) | ​ | (2,500,356) | ​ | (2,754,021) | ​ | (6,987,656)
Interest accrual | ​ | 191,551,079 |  | 53,255,197 |  | 29,409,870 |  | 274,216,146 | ​ | 2,117,862 | ​ | 10,534,865 | ​ | 22,111,604 | ​ | 34,764,331
Write-Offs |  | (113,143) |  | (90,757) |  | (12,123,262) |  | (12,327,162) |  | (113,143) | ​ | (90,757) | ​ | (12,123,262) |  | (12,327,162)
Portfolio sale |  | — |  | — |  | (1,088,576) |  | (1,088,576) |  | — | ​ | — | ​ | (1,003,942) |  | (1,003,942)
Exchange Differences and Others |  | 10,331,332 |  | 1,254,587 |  | 1,555,861 |  | 13,141,780 | ​ | 37,884 | ​ | 66,300 | ​ | 653,421 |  | 757,605
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money | ​ | (396,703,746) |  | (31,196,726) |  | (2,548,281) |  | (430,448,753) | ​ | (5,355,255) | ​ | (5,992,584) | ​ | (7,306,679) | ​ | (18,654,518)
Gross carrying amount at December 31, 2024 |  | 2,113,997,298 |  | 76,463,454 |  | 28,990,446 | ​ | 2,219,451,198 | ​ | 18,518,639 | ​ | 12,984,633 | ​ | 17,869,762 |  | 49,373,034

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Assets Before Allowances |  | ECL Allowance
​ |  | Stage 1 |  | Stage 2 |  | Stage 3 |  | Total |  | Stage 1 |  | Stage 2 |  | Stage 3 |  | Total
Balance at the beginning of the year | ​ | 1,478,516,294 | ​ | 127,178,904 | ​ | 63,539,559 | ​ | 1,669,234,757 | ​ | 20,585,901 | ​ | 19,843,883 | ​ | 42,451,935 | ​ | 82,881,719
Transfers |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Stage 1 to 2 |  | (8,523,510) |  | 8,523,510 |  | — |  | — |  | (317,362) | ​ | 743,016 | ​ | — |  | 425,654
Stage 1 to 3 |  | (660,712) |  | — |  | 660,712 |  | — |  | (10,662) | ​ | — | ​ | 489,295 |  | 478,633
Stage 2 to 3 |  | — |  | (440,335) |  | 440,335 |  | — |  | — | ​ | (32,466) | ​ | 186,007 |  | 153,541
Stage 2 to 1 |  | 5,405,651 |  | (5,405,651) |  | — |  | — |  | 92,656 | ​ | (242,619) | ​ | — |  | (149,963)
Stage 3 to 2 |  | — |  | 83,144 |  | (83,144) |  | — |  | — | ​ | 10,923 | ​ | (44,378) |  | (33,455)
Stage 3 to 1 |  | 56,514 |  | — |  | (56,514) |  | — |  | 1,067 | ​ | — | ​ | (24,154) |  | (23,087)
Additions |  | 952,686,596 |  | — |  | — |  | 952,686,596 |  | 24,724,340 | ​ | — | ​ | — |  | 24,724,340
Disposals |  | (371,850,792) |  | (25,565,367) |  | (15,429,263) |  | (412,845,422) |  | (26,714,512) | ​ | (5,583,915) | ​ | (11,330,067) |  | (43,628,494)
Net changes of financial assets | ​ | 129,351,784 |  | 7,881,815 |  | 11,020,157 |  | 148,253,756 |  | 115,913 | ​ | 651,666 | ​ | 5,830,917 |  | 6,598,496
Write-Offs | ​ | (4,005,087) |  | (9,162,243) |  | (20,876,934) |  | (34,044,264) |  | (4,005,087) | ​ | (9,162,243) | ​ | (20,876,934) |  | (34,044,264)
Portfolio sale | ​ | — |  | — |  | (12,661,115) |  | (12,661,115) | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (12,330,922) | ​ | (12,330,922)
Exchange Differences and Others | ​ | 13,408,571 |  | 39,044,792 |  | 16,199,813 |  | 68,653,176 |  | 6,053,376 | ​ | 12,737,352 | ​ | 31,323,848 |  | 50,114,576
Result from exposure to changes in the purchasing power of money | ​ | (1,204,872,398) |  | (69,846,896) |  | (15,949,297) |  | (1,290,668,591) |  | (10,596,850) | ​ | (7,864,088) | ​ | (18,708,636) |  | (37,169,574)
Gross carrying amount at December 31, 2023 | ​ | 989,512,911 | ​ | 72,291,673 | ​ | 26,804,309 | ​ | 1,088,608,893 | ​ | 9,928,780 | ​ | 11,101,509 | ​ | 16,966,911 | ​ | 37,997,200

​

Collateral and other credit enhancements

Collateral is an instrument pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the event of default. The Entity accepts collateral as security before a potential breach on behalf of a debtor occurs.

The Argentine Central Bank classifies these guarantees in three types: Preferred “A” (considered self-settleable), Preferred “B” (made up by mortgage or pledge loans) and remaining guarantees (mainly bank guarantees and fines).

In virtue of the administration of collateral, Grupo Supervielle relies on a specific area devoted to the review of the legal compliance and suitable instrumentation of received collateral. In accordance with the type of collateral, the guarantors may be people or companies (in the case of mortgages, pledges, fines, guarantees and liquid funds) and international top level Financial Entities (for stand by letters of credit).

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Grupo Supervielle monitors collateral held for financial assets considered to be credit-impaired as it becomes more likely that Grupo Supervielle will take possession of collateral to mitigate potential credit losses.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Allowances | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross | ​ | for loans | ​ | ​ | ​ | Fair value of
Credit Impaired loans |  | exposure |  | losses |  | Book value |  | collateral
Overdrafts | ​ | 1,235,635 | ​ | 939,791 | ​ | 295,844 | ​ | 153,218
Receivables from financial leases |  | 357,236 | ​ | 214,615 | ​ | 142,621 | ​ | 122,430
Promissory Notes |  | 1,020,970 | ​ | 540,917 | ​ | 480,053 | ​ | 300,235
Mortgage loans |  | 1,251,696 | ​ | 344,610 | ​ | 907,086 | ​ | 1,902,913
Personal loans |  | 6,553,640 | ​ | 6,241,343 | ​ | 312,297 | ​ | —
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 5,109,431 | ​ | 3,548,135 | ​ | 1,561,296 | ​ | 7,680,211
Credit Card Loans |  | 3,910,017 | ​ | 3,579,676 | ​ | 330,341 | ​ | —
Other |  | 9,551,821 | ​ | 2,460,675 | ​ | 7,091,146 | ​ | 6,128,227
Total |  | 28,990,446 |  | 17,869,762 |  | 11,120,684 |  | 16,287,234

​

Write-off policy

Grupo Supervielle writes off, in whole or in part, when it has exhausted all practical recovery efforts and has concluded there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. Indicators that there is no reasonable expectation of recovery include: (i) ceasing enforcement activity and (ii) where Grupo Supervielle´s recovery method is foreclosing on collateral and the value of the collateral is such that there is no reasonable expectation of recovering in full.

Grupo Supervielle may write-off financial assets that are still subject to enforcement activity, The outstanding contractual amounts of such assets written off during the year ended on December 31, 2024 and 2023 amount to $14,082,050 and $19,795,047 respectively. Grupo Supervielle still seeks to recover amounts it is legally owed in full, but which have been partially written off due to no reasonable expectation of recovery.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12.31.2024 |  | 12.31.2023
Balance at the beginning of the year |  | 19,795,047 |  | 53,340,375
Additions |  | 12,327,162 |  | 34,044,264
Disposals |  | (5,441,409) |  | (13,526,860)
Cash collection |  | (3,556,231) |  | (9,034,998)
Portfolio sales |  | (466,457) |  | (1,808,888)
Condonation |  | (1,418,721) |  | (2,682,974)
Exchange differences and other movements |  | (12,598,750) |  | (54,062,732)
Gross carrying amount |  | 14,082,050 |  | 19,795,047

​

26. RISK MANAGEMENT POLICIES

Financial risk factors

Credit risk

The Integral Risk Committee approves credit risk strategies and policies submitted in accordance with recommendations provided by the Integral Risk Corporate Department, the Credit Corporate Department and commercial sectors and in compliance with regulations set by the Argentine Central Bank. The credit strategy and policy is aimed at the development of commercial opportunities within the framework and conditions of Grupo Supervielle´s business plan, while keeping suitable caution levels in face of the risk.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Policies and procedures enable the definition of accurate aspects aimed at the deployment of Grupo Supervielle´s Strategy related to the administration of credit risk; which include Grupo Supervielle´s criteria to grant loans, credit benefits and powers, types of products and the way in which the structure is organized, among other aspects. Likewise, the Group has, on the one hand, a comprehensive risk management policy that details aspects linked to the governance of general fundamental risks and, on the other hand, specific manuals and procedures that contemplate, among others, the standards issued by the BCRA related to this matter.

Grupo Supervielle´s credit risk management policies are applied to corporate and individuals. To such ends, a customer segmentation has been defined for Corporate Banking and Personal and Business Banking.

Grupo Supervielle focuses on supporting companies belonging to sectors with potential, and successful in their activity. Within the range of credit products offered for the business segment, Grupo Supervielle aims to develop and lead the factoring and leasing market, as well as to be a benchmark in foreign trade.

Within Corporate Banking, we seek a solid proposal for medium and large companies' market, seeking to maintain proximity with clients through service centers, agreements with clients throughout their value chain, and providing agile responses through existing credit processes.

Regarding Personal and Business Banking, in addition to payroll and senior citizens segments, special focus is placed on Entrepreneurs and SMEs, SMEs as well as the Banks´s Identité segment.

Therefore, Grupo Supervielle relies on scoring and rating models to estimate probability of default (PD) for the different client portfolios. As for risk appetite framework, Grupo Supervielle relies on cut-offs for each risk-based segment that express the maximum risk to be assumed in terms of probability of default.

In addition to PD parameters, Grupo Supervielle relies on estimates of exposure at default (EAD) and loss given default (LGD) parameters with the purpose of estimating Group’s allowance for loan losses and the necessary economic capital to face unexpected losses that may arise due to credit risk.

Grupo Supervielle is aimed at keeping a diversified and atomized portfolio, in order to minimize risk concentration. To such ends, loan origination and client portfolio profiles are adjusted to each different circumstance. To this end, the entity has an indicators dashboard linked to the appetite for credit and concentration risk. The evolution of the NPL, Coverage and Cost of Risk indicators is monitored in relation to target limits established according to risk appetite and the strategy determined in the entity's business plan. Likewise, there is a portfolio limits scheme that measures balance concentration by debtor or economic group, the concentration of the main debtors, concentration by value chain, economic activities, portfolio by risk level based on the facility risk rating. and the exposure in foreign currency both at a total level and by product type.

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Credit Risk Measurement Models

Grupo Supervielle relies on models aimed at estimating the distribution of potential credit losses in its credit portfolio, which depend on defaults by the counterparties (PD – Probability of Default), as well as the assumed exposure to such defaults (EAD – Exposure At Default) and the recoveries of each defaulted loan (LGD – Loss Given Default).

Based on this, systems were developed at Grupo Supervielle that calculate statistical forecasts, economic capital and Risk-Adjusted Return (RAROC) models in order to optimize management and decision-making.

Grupo Supervielle has deepened its work on the expected loss methodologies under IFRS 9, focusing on methodological improvements in the estimation of parameters (PD, EAD and LGD), aligning the definition of the parameters to the credit process. The forward looking model has been redesigned with the inclusion of a greater number of variables and openings, performing a periodic review of it in order to keep the expected loss model aligned with the macroeconomic vision.

Calculation of statistical forecasts

Based on the results of the PD (probability of default), EAD (exposure at default) and LGD (loss given default) estimates, the associated statistical forecast is calculated.

The exercises for the estimation of statistical forecasts are studies that aim to analyze the Group's own portfolio information in order to estimate, in global terms, the average value of the loss distribution function for an annual time horizon in healthy operations, and for the entire life of credits in those operations that are considered impaired (provisions for expected loss).

Economic Capital Calculation

The economic capital for credit risk is the difference between the portfolio’s value at risk (according to the confidence level for individuals of 99.9% and for companies of 99%) and the expected credit losses.

Grupo Supervielle relies on economic capital models for credit risk (one for individuals and another for companies). Such quantitative models include the exacerbation of capital by concentration risk and Securitization Risk. In the economic capital calculation models a one year holding period is used, except from factoring exposures where a six month holding period is used.

​

Counterparty Risk Management

Grupo Supervielle relies on a Counterparty’s Risk Map approved by the Credit Committee where the following limits are defined for each counterparty according to Grupo Supervielle’s risk appetite: credit exposure and settlement limits, foreign exchange settlement risk, securities settlement risk and Repo transactions settlement risk, among other.

Regarding the economic capital for the counterparty’s risk, it is included in the Economic Capital Quantitative Model for Credit Risk.

Loans written off

Those receivables classified as irrecoverable are removed from the asset by recognizing them in off-balance sheet accounts. The balance of these as of 31 December 2024 and 2023 amounts to $ 14,082,050 and $ 19,795,047, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

Maximum Credit Risk Exposure

The following table contains an analysis of the maximum credit risk exposure:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | December 31, 2024
​ | ​ | ECL Staging | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Stage 1 | ​ | Stage 2 | ​ | Stage 3 | ​ | ​
Loan Type |  | 12-month ECL |  | Lifetime ECL |  | Lifetime ECL |  | Total
Promissory Notes |  | 303,301,930 |  | 2,266,090 |  | 1,020,970 |  | 306,588,990
Unsecured Corporate Loans |  | 303,070,601 |  | 5,091,105 |  | 4,715,263 |  | 312,876,969
Overdrafts |  | 118,950,682 |  | 3,405,596 |  | 1,235,635 |  | 123,591,913
Mortgage Loans |  | 257,048,293 |  | 8,426,525 |  | 1,251,696 |  | 266,726,514
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 180,429,857 |  | 11,827,296 |  | 5,109,431 |  | 197,366,584
Personal Loans |  | 271,573,217 |  | 20,284,186 |  | 6,553,640 |  | 298,411,043
Credit Card Loans |  | 454,163,695 |  | 17,032,320 |  | 3,910,017 |  | 475,106,032
Foreign Trade Loans | ​ | 348,286,411 |  | 10,363,458 |  | 4,825,112 |  | 363,474,981
Other Financings | ​ | 36,754,450 |  | 508,900 |  | — |  | 37,263,350
Other Receivables from Financial Transactions | ​ | 11,500,763 |  | 129,265 |  | 11,446 |  | 11,641,474
Receivables from Financial Leases |  | 59,171,479 |  | 3,740,121 |  | 357,236 |  | 63,268,836
Total |  | 2,344,251,378 |  | 83,074,862 |  | 28,990,446 |  | 2,456,316,686

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | December 31, 2023
​ | ​ | ECL Staging | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Stage 1 | ​ | Stage 2 | ​ | Stage 3 | ​ | ​
Loan Type |  | 12-month ECL |  | Lifetime ECL |  | Lifetime ECL |  | Total
Promissory Notes |  | 151,407,457 |  | 1,738,975 |  | 988,501 |  | 154,134,933
Unsecured Corporate Loans |  | 205,019,081 |  | 3,895,909 |  | 1,147,510 |  | 210,062,500
Overdrafts |  | 112,646,102 |  | 3,692,222 |  | 1,201,639 |  | 117,539,963
Mortgage Loans |  | 106,405,339 |  | 7,785,021 |  | 3,296,989 |  | 117,487,349
Automobile and other secured loans |  | 27,807,679 |  | 5,005,719 |  | 563,947 |  | 33,377,345
Personal Loans |  | 93,640,015 |  | 15,859,814 |  | 3,516,917 |  | 113,016,746
Credit Card Loans |  | 310,660,594 |  | 29,810,085 |  | 3,614,502 |  | 344,085,181
Foreign Trade Loans |  | 50,711,409 |  | 8,731,879 |  | 12,250,428 |  | 71,693,716
Other Financings |  | 80,532,633 |  | 3,172,853 |  | — |  | 83,705,486
Other Receivables from Financial Transactions |  | 1,053,867 |  | 287,973 |  | 8,848 |  | 1,350,688
Receivables from Financial Leases |  | 39,327,656 |  | 3,992,141 |  | 215,029 |  | 43,534,826
Total |  | 1,179,211,832 |  | 83,972,591 |  | 26,804,310 |  | 1,289,988,733

​

Financial Instruments to which the impairment requirements in IFRS 9 are not applied

Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss are not subject to impairment. The maximum exposure to credit risk is the corresponding fair value.

Market risk

Group defines Market Risk as the risk resulting from deviations in the trading portfolio value as a result of market fluctuations during the period required for the settlement of portfolio positions.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The Risk Department’s measurement, control and follow-up perimeter covers those operations where certain loss risk in Grupo Supervielle ´s shareholders equity value is assumed, as a result of changes in market factors. Such risk results from the variation in risk factors under evaluation (interest rate, exchange rate, market price of equity instruments and options), as well as liquidity risk in the different products and markets where Grupo Supervielle operates.

​

Due to the characteristics of its business profile, Grupo Supervielle is the entity with the greatest exposure to this risk. However, market risk monitoring also covers the positions taken by Grupo Supervielle for its own portfolio, as well as those taken by its different subsidiaries. There is an entire limit scheme, with periodic monitoring and activation of alerts if any violation is observed. With this same scope, frequent monitoring and review of exposure indicators to the National Treasury is carried out.

With the purpose of measuring the risk of positions homogeneously and therefore, setting a limit and threshold structure to support management and control schemes, Banco Supervielle uses the VaR model (Value at Risk), which defines the maximum expected loss to be recorded in a financial asset portfolio in normal market conditions, within a certain period of time and at a pre-established confidence level. Indicators obtained from this enable Grupo Supervielle to identify a potential market risk and take preventive measures.

At the Supervielle Group level, the focus of attention regarding market risk management is placed on the trading portfolio managed by the Trading Desk, although broader control is also carried out, including positions managed with management objectives. of liquidity by the Financial Planning Management. With regard to this broader trading book, controls are limited to the assumed risk exposure, measured using the VaR methodology, in relation to the computable capital responsibility (CPR). Additionally, a control is carried out on the VaR by group of assets, thus limiting the risk that the Entity can assume in each group of assets considered in isolation. The objective is to incorporate an element of alert in the event of credit events or breakdowns in the correlations between asset groups, events that may escape the consideration of a diversified VaR.

​

The controls over the Trading desk are more exhaustive. Approved strategies and policies are reflected in what is known internally as a unified Risk Map document, where detailed operations enabled by the Trading desk can be explained in detail. In the same document the entire framework of controls that translate the risk appetite with which the Entity is willing to operate is exposed. In this way, limitations are established on the open position in certain financial instruments, VaR limit on the diversified portfolio, maximum allowable loss amount before executing the stop loss policy and conditions that could lead to the execution of a stop strategy gain. The entire control scheme is complemented by action plans that must be implemented once a violation occurs within the limits established therein.

​

Market risk management focused special attention on a year 2023 characterized by a prolonged and uncertain electoral process that covered practically the entire second half of the year. This same uncertainty translated into increasing levels of volatility in financial assets exposed to market risk, which led to frequent revisions in the risk appetite reflected in the admissible VaR levels in the different companies of Grupo Supervielle, as well as in the maximum tolerable exposure in sovereign bonds.

​

The exposure to Grupo Supervielle's exchange rate risk at the end of the year by currency type is detailed below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Balances as of 12/31/2024 |  | Balances as of 12/31/2023
​ | ​ | Monetary | ​ | Monetary | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Monetary | ​ | Monetary | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Financial | ​ | Financial | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net | ​ | Financial | ​ | Financial | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net
Currency |  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Derivatives |  | Position |  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Derivatives |  | Position
US Dollar |  | 944,735,483 |  | 928,711,808 |  | 131,633 |  | 16,155,308 |  | 624,189,021 |  | 552,973,595 |  | 345,005 |  | 71,560,431
Euro |  | 6,569,091 |  | 8,259,117 |  | — |  | (1,690,026) |  | 12,864,044 |  | 11,981,405 |  | — |  | 882,639
Others |  | 3,117,216 |  | 75,396 |  | — |  | 3,041,820 |  | 8,197,838 |  | 140,786 |  | — |  | 8,057,052
Total |  | 954,421,790 |  | 937,046,321 |  | 131,633 |  | 17,507,102 |  | 645,250,903 |  | 565,095,786 |  | 345,005 |  | 80,500,122

​

Financial assets and liabilities are presented net of derivatives, which are disclosed separately. Derivative balances are shown at their Fair Value at the closing price of the respective currency.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

The table above includes only Monetary Assets and Liabilities, since investments in equity instruments and non-monetary instruments does not generate foreign exchange risk exposure.

A sensitivity analysis was performed considering reasonably possible changes in foreign exchange rates in relation to Grupo Supervielle’s functional currency. The percentage of variation used in this analysis is the same Grupo Supervielle used in its Business Plan and Projections.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  |  |  | 12/31/2023
Currency | ​ | Variation | ​ | P/L |  | Equity | ​ | Variation | ​ | P/L |  | Equity
US Dollar |  | 16.70 | % | 2,699,071 |  | 2,699,071 |  | 242.30 | % | 173,351,167 |  | 173,351,167
US Dollar |  | (16.70) | % | (2,699,071) |  | (2,699,071) |  | (242.30) | % | (173,351,167) |  | (173,351,167)
Euro |  | 16.70 | % | (282,353) |  | (282,353) |  | 242.30 | % | 2,138,554 |  | 2,138,554
Euro |  | (16.70) | % | 282,353 |  | 282,353 |  | (242.30) | % | (2,138,554) |  | (2,138,554)
Other |  | 16.70 | % | 508,198 |  | 508,198 |  | 242.30 | % | 19,521,494 |  | 19,521,494
Other |  | (16.70) | % | (508,198) |  | (508,198) |  | (242.30) | % | (19,521,494) |  | (19,521,494)
Total |  | 16.70 | % | 2,924,916 |  | 2,924,916 |  | 242.30 | % | 195,011,215 |  | 195,011,215
​ |  | (16.70) | % | (2,924,916) |  | (2,924,916) |  | (242.30) | % | (195,011,215) |  | (195,011,215)

​

Sensitivity Analysis

Banco Supervielle also has a methodology for carrying out individual stress tests of market risks. These tests are performed on a daily basis, in conjunction with the calculation of the parametric VaR. The Stressed VaR indicator makes it possible to determine the risk that Grupo Supervielle would be assuming with the current composition of the trading portfolio, in the event of a repetition of the stress conditions that occurred in a given historical period.

When using a diversified VaR methodology, it is important to provide information related to the contribution that each asset in the portfolio makes to the aggregate VaR measurement, and fundamentally if this asset generates risk diversification or not. That is why, within the variables included in the daily report, the VaR component of each asset is included, thus allowing a sensitivity analysis on the impact of each asset on the total risk.

With the aim of improving the assumed risk analysis through the use of alternative measurement metrics, Grupo Supervielle recognizes the change in market conditions on exposure to risk through an adjustment to the volatilities used in the VaR calculation. According to the methodology used, the returns of assets registered in more recent dates have a greater incidence in the calculation of volatilities. In parallel, the Entity performs a measurement and monitoring of the assumed risk through the application of an expected shortfall methodology, analyzing the universe of unexpected losses located in the distribution queue beyond the critical point indicated by VaR.

Economic capital calculation

Banco Supervielle adopts the diversified Parametric VaR methodology for the calculation of market risk economic capital, both at a consolidated and individual level.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest Rate Risk is the risk derived from the likelihood that changes in Grupo Supervielle’s financial condition occur as a result of market interest rate fluctuations, having effect on its financial income and economic value. The following are such risk factors:

| ✓ | Different maturity terms and interest rate re-adjustment dates for assets, liabilities and off balance sheet items.

| ✓ | Forecast, evolution and volatility of local interest rates and foreign interest rates.

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As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

| ✓ | The basis risk that results from the unsuitable correlation in the adjustment of assets and liabilities interest rates for instruments that contain similar revaluation features;

| ✓ | The implicit options in certain assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items of Grupo Supervielle.

Grupo Supervielle’s interest rate risk management model, includes the analysis of interest rates gaps. Such analysis enables the basic explanation of the financial statement structure as well as the detection of interest rate risk concentration along the different terms. Special attention focuses on the accumulated gap during the first 90 days, as it is the holding period used when evaluating exposure to interest rate risk in each of the entities and due to its relevance when evaluating actions that may modify the structural balance positioning.

The interest rate risk management is aimed at keeping Grupo Supervielle’s exposure within those levels of risk appetite profile validated by the Board of Directors upon changes in the market interest rates.

To such ends, the interest rate risk management relies on the monitoring of two metrics:

| ✓ | MVE – VaR Approach: measures the difference between the economic values estimated given the interest rate market curve and said value estimated given the interest rate curve resulting from the simulation of different stress scenarios. Grupo Supervielle uses this approach to calculate the economic capital for this risk.

| ✓ | NIM – EaR Approach: measures changes in expected accruals over a certain period of time (12 months) upon an interest rate curve shift resulting from a different stress situation simulation practices.

With the publication of Communication “A” 6397, the Argentine Central Bank presented the applicable guidelines for the treatment of interest rate risk in the investment portfolio. The regulation makes a distinction between the impact of fluctuations in interest rate levels on the underlying value of the entity's assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items (economic value or MVE), and the alterations that such movements in the interest rate may have on sensitive income and expenses, affecting net interest income (NII). This same criterion had already been adopted by Banco Supervielle, so that the new regulations implied a readaptation of the management model to the suggested measurement methodology, maintaining some criteria and incorporating others.

As established by the regulator, Banco Supervielle must use the Standardized Framework described in point 5.4. of the Communication “A” 6397 for the measurement of the impact on the economic value of the entities (ΔEVE) of six proposed disturbance scenarios. These scenarios include parallel movements in the curves of market interest rates upwards or downwards, flattening or steepening of the slope of these curves, as well as an increase or decrease in short-term interest rates. A base curve of market interest rates is considered for each of the significant currencies in the financial statement of each entity. According to the applicable regulation, Banco Supervielle has to use an internal measurement system (SIM) for measurement based on results (ΔNIM). It is important to highlight that Banco Supervielle, which has not been qualified by the Argentine Central Bank as having a local systemic importance (D-SIB), is not legally bound to have its own internal measurement system (SIM) for the measurement based on economic value (ΔEVE).

Beyond the regulatory provisions, it is important to note that Banco Supervielle has been working with internal measurement systems (SIM) to measure the impact of rate fluctuations, both on economic value (ΔEVE) and on results (ΔNIM). The development of these systems included the definition of assumptions for the determination of the maturity flow of different lines of assets and liabilities without defined maturity or with implicit or explicit options of behavior.

Following good practices in risk management and with the aim of ensuring the reasonableness of fit of the internal models used, a backtesting methodology was developed applicable to the results obtained with the interest rate risk measurement tool (approach MVE-VaR). Specifically, an evaluation of the discount rates projected in the critical scenario is carried out.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

In a context of strong increases in reference interest rates, it was necessary to adjust the dynamic rate GAP to consider daily temporary buckets. This development made it possible to gain precision in the evaluation of scenarios of parallel increases or decreases in reference interest rates. The monitoring and projection of the monthly financial margin had special relevance throughout the year.

​

Economic Capital Calculation

As a first step to calculate economic capital, Banco Supervielle calculates its exposure to interest rate risk from the MVE-EaR (economic value) approach of its internal measurement system (SIM), using a holding period of three months (90 days) and a confidence level of 99%. This quantitative model includes the exacerbation of capital by securitization risk. The result obtained is compared with the worst result of the alterations proposed in the six scenarios proposed by the Standardized Framework, with the resulting economic capital being the worst of both measurements (SIM and Standardized Framework).

​

The exposure to interest rate risk is detailed in the table below. It presents the residual values and average rate of the assets and liabilities, categorized by date of renegotiation of interest or expiration date, the lowest.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Term in days
Assets and Liabilities |  | Up to 30 |  | From 30 to 90 |  | from 90 to 180 |  | from 180 to 365 |  | More than 365 |  | Total
To 12/31/2024
Total Financial Assets | ​ | 1,873,827,008 | ​ | 384,970,900 | ​ | 371,701,989 | ​ | 164,284,265 | ​ | 657,798,803 | ​ | 3,452,582,965
Total Financial Liabilities | ​ | (1,956,101,320) | ​ | (326,281,656) | ​ | (159,399,305) | ​ | (37,031,705) | ​ | (6,961,857) | ​ | (2,485,775,843)
Net Amount | ​ | (82,274,312) | ​ | 58,689,244 | ​ | 212,302,684 | ​ | 127,252,560 | ​ | 650,836,946 | ​ | 966,807,122

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Term in days
Assets and Liabilities |  | Up to 30 |  | From 30 to 90 |  | from 90 to 180 |  | from 180 to 365 |  | More than 365 |  | Total
To 12/31/2023
Total Financial Assets | ​ | 2,978,131,005 | ​ | 439,541,457 | ​ | 163,940,137 | ​ | 55,909,226 | ​ | 508,481,413 | ​ | 4,146,003,238
Total Financial Liabilities | ​ | (2,447,185,543) | ​ | (398,080,876) | ​ | (215,601,032) | ​ | (30,714,519) | ​ | (3,688,428) | ​ | (3,095,270,398)
Net Amount | ​ | 530,945,462 | ​ | 41,460,581 | ​ | (51,660,895) | ​ | 25,194,707 | ​ | 504,792,985 | ​ | 1,050,732,840

​

The table below shows the sensitivity to a reasonably possible additional variation in interest rates for the next year, taking into account the composition as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Variations in rates were determined considering the scenarios set by Communication “A” 6397 for the calculation of the Interest Rate Risk in the Investment Portfolio. The parameters taken as a base and or budgeted by the Bank for fiscal years 2024 and 2023 and the changes are considered reasonable possible based on the observation of market conditions:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 12/31/2024 | ​ | 12/31/2023
​ |  | ​ |  | Increase / (decrease) |  | ​ |  | Increase / (decrease)
​ | ​ | Additional variation in | ​ | in the income | ​ | Additional variation in | ​ | in the income
Items | ​ | the interest rate | ​ | statement | ​ | the interest rate | ​ | statement
Decrease in the interest rate |  | 4% ARS; 2% USD |  | 754,872 | ​ | 4% ARS; 2% USD |  | (19,636,959)
Increase in the interest rate |  | 4% ARS; 2% USD |  | (1,205,247) | ​ | 4% ARS; 2% USD |  | 18,760,443

​

Liquidity Risk

Grupo Supervielle defines Liquidity Risk as the risk of assuming additional financing expenses upon unexpected liquidity needs. Such risk results from the difference of sizes and maturities between Grupo Supervielle’s assets and liabilities. Such risks involve the following:

| ✓ | Funding Liquidity Risk means the risk to obtain funds at normal market cost when needed, based on the market’s perception of Grupo Supervielle.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

| ✓ | Market Liquidity Risk means the risk resulting from Grupo Supervielle’s incapacity to offset an asset position at market price, as a consequence of the following two key factors:

| ● | Assets are not liquid enough,

| ● | Changes in the markets where those assets are traded.

Liquidity and concentration indicators of funding sources are used to determine the tolerance to this risk, starting from the most restrictive definitions to the most comprehensive ones.

The following are the main core metrics used for liquidity risk management:

| ✓ | Liquidity Coverage Ratio, or LCR, measures the ratio of high-quality liquid assets to total net cash outflows over a 30-day period. Banco Supervielle calculates this indicator on a daily basis, with the minimum value prescribed by law being met during the year, as well as that established internally in accordance with its risk appetite.

| ✓ | Stable Anchoring Ratio or NSFR: measures the ability of Banco Supervielle, at individual and consolidated levels, to fund its activities with sufficiently stable sources to mitigate the risk of future stress situations arising from its anchoring. Banco Supervielle calculates this indicator on a daily basis, having met the minimum value provided for by law, as well as that established internally according to its risk appetite.

| ✓ | Daily Liquidity Ratio: measures the relationship between assets in Immediate Availability Weights with respect to Deposits in that currency likely to be withdrawn on the day (Paid Sight Accounts and Precancelable Term Deposits able to execute the option)

| ✓ | Broad Liquidity Ratio in Pesos: measures the relationship between liquid assets in Pesos (Availabilities, Lefi and Public Bonds with a capacity of 10%), with respect to Deposits in Pesos

| ✓ | Liquidity ratio in USD: measures the ratio of liquid assets in USD to deposits in that currency

​

In addition, the Assets and Liabilities Committee performs a daily monitoring of some follow-up metrics. Such indicators are used to analyze the main components of LCR while assessing Grupo Supervielle’s liquidity condition and warning upon trend changes that may affect the guidelines set by the risk appetite policy. Additionally, within these monitoring indicators, Committee assess for the availability of liquid assets to respond to an eventual withdrawal of more volatile deposits, such us remunerated current accounts and deposits of the public sector in foreign currency.

​

During 2024, liquidity indicators in pesos were at tighter levels than in previous years, due to the strong placement of credit portfolios, particularly during the last months of the year. The CRL showed a decreasing trend throughout the year.

​

Dollar liquidity remained at elevated levels, especially from tax amnesty, at around 70% throughout the year.

​

Economic capital calculation

Grupo Supervielle relies on the following elements that ensure the suitable management of this type of risk:

| ✓ | Broad liquidity indicators dashboard, to monitor liquidity levels. Each indicator relies on its relevant threshold and limit, which are monitored on a daily basis by the Risk Area (sending due warnings upon violation cases), on a byweekly basis by the Assets and Liabilities Committee (ALCO) and on a monthly basis by the Integral Risk Committee. Likewise, a weekly report is drawn up and sent to members of the Integral Risk Committee, ALCO and the Board.

| ✓ | Indicators that measure the concentration of funding sources, establishing Grupo Supervielle’s risk appetite.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

| ✓ | Development and monitoring of new liquidity coverage and leverage indicators set by the Argentine Central Bank in compliance with Basel III route map.

| ✓ | Different liquidity risk follow-up tools have been added, including a disaggregate assessment of contractual term mismatches and funding concentration reports, by counterparty, product and significant currency. The accuracy of the information required for such reports contributed to the improvement of our Risk Management Information System (MIS).

| ✓ | The liquidity coverage ratio is used to assess Grupo Supervielle’s capacity to meet liquidity needs over a 30-day period within a stress scenario described by the Argentine Central Bank. The follow-up of this indicator is carried out on a daily basis, keeping Grupo Supervielle’s liquidity director and officials updated on its evolution.

| ✓ | Permanent monitoring of limit and threshold compliance in virtue of the NSFR.

| ✓ | Individual stress tests, carried out on a daily basis upon an eventual critical scenario of a sudden withdrawal of deposits and its impact on the minimum cash position and LCR.

| ✓ | Intraday liquidity monitoring tools as indicated above.

| ✓ | Regarding contingency plans, Grupo Supervielle follows a policy that ensures the application of its guidelines in stress tests, according to the decision taken by ALCO Committee and Integral Risk Committee.

The Risk management framework described herein enables a suitable liquidity condition; therefore, Grupo Supervielle considers the economic capital estimation unnecessary to cover such risk, as long as Grupo Supervielle’s solvency should not be affected once the stress tests contingency plan have been implemented.

​

The analysis of the maturities of assets and liabilities is found in Schedules D and I of these financial statements.

​

Below is the concentration of loans and deposits as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Loans and other financing
​ |  | 12/31/2024 | ​ | 12/31/2023
Number of Clients |  | Balance |  | % over total portfolio |  | Balance |  | % over total portfolio
10 largest customers |  | 241,244,102 | ​ | 9.7% | ​ | 150,447,093 | ​ | 13.8%
50 following largest customers | ​ | 381,652,163 | ​ | 15.3% | ​ | 268,996,491 | ​ | 24.7%
100 following largest customers | ​ | 270,148,182 | ​ | 10.9% | ​ | 201,456,259 | ​ | 18.5%
Rest of customers | ​ | 1,594,492,703 | ​ | 64.1% | ​ | 467,709,049 | ​ | 43.0%
TOTAL | ​ | 2,487,537,150 | ​ | 100.0% | ​ | 1,088,608,892 | ​ | 100.0%

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Deposits
​ | ​ | 12/31/2024 | ​ | 12/31/2023
Number of customers |  | Balance |  | % over total portfolio |  | Balance |  | % over total portfolio
10 largest customers | ​ | 1,125,737,367 | ​ | 35.5% | ​ | 1,441,715,450 | ​ | 42.7%
50 following largest customers | ​ | 687,495,686 | ​ | 21.7% | ​ | 755,879,142 | ​ | 22.4%
100 following largest customers | ​ | 174,711,197 | ​ | 5.5% | ​ | 144,697,646 | ​ | 4.3%
Rest of customers | ​ | 1,185,516,993 | ​ | 37.4% | ​ | 1,030,709,684 | ​ | 30.6%
TOTAL | ​ | 3,173,461,243 | ​ | 100.0% | ​ | 3,373,001,922 | ​ | 100.0%

​

Below is an analysis of the assets and liabilities maturities, determined based on the remaining period as of December 31, 2024 until the contractual maturity date, based on undiscounted cash flows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Less than |  | From 1 to |  | From 3 to |  | From 6 months to |  | From 1 to |  | More than |  | ​
As of 12/31/2024 | ​ | 1 month | ​ | 3 months | ​ | 6months | ​ | 1 years | ​ | 2 years | ​ | 2 years | ​ | Total
Loans and other financing | ​ | 1,000,079,421 | ​ | 548,338,904 | ​ | 733,546,890 | ​ | 930,954,164 | ​ | 1,109,122,863 | ​ | 1,524,901,396 | ​ | 5,846,943,638
To the non-financial public sector | ​ | 2,995,698 | ​ | - | ​ | 66,792 | ​ | 66,792 | ​ | 133,583 | ​ | 200,375 | ​ | 3,463,240
To the financial sector | ​ | 15,505,051 | ​ | 417,485 | ​ | 663,867 | ​ | 1,341,957 | ​ | 2,104,689 | ​ | 4,582,097 | ​ | 24,615,146
To the Non-Financial Private Sector and Foreign residents | ​ | 981,578,672 | ​ | 547,921,419 | ​ | 732,816,231 | ​ | 929,545,415 | ​ | 1,106,884,591 | ​ | 1,520,118,924 | ​ | 5,818,865,252
TOTAL ASSETS |  | 1,000,079,421 |  | 548,338,904 |  | 733,546,890 |  | 930,954,164 |  | 1,109,122,863 |  | 1,524,901,396 |  | 5,846,943,638
Deposits | ​ | 2,728,832,363 | ​ | 273,914,221 | ​ | 174,275,118 | ​ | 36,252,517 | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | 3,213,274,219
Non-financial public sector | ​ | 139,651,136 | ​ | 5,918,110 | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | 145,569,246
Financial sector | ​ | 185,277 | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | 185,277
Non-financial private sector and foreign residents | ​ | 2,588,995,950 | ​ | 267,996,111 | ​ | 174,275,118 | ​ | 36,252,517 | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | 3,067,519,696
Derivates | ​ | 1,734,047 | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | 1,734,047
Repo Transactions | ​ | 33,962,592 | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | 33,962,592
Other financial liabilities | ​ | 160,951,266 | ​ | 1,137,821 | ​ | 1,387,108 | ​ | 2,136,540 | ​ | 1,990,198 | ​ | 426,030 | ​ | 168,028,963
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions | ​ | 19,231,031 | ​ | 6,445,644 | ​ | 10,061,528 | ​ | 1,881,890 | ​ | 3,141,820 | ​ | 5,177,061 | ​ | 45,938,974
Unsubordinated Negotiable obligations | ​ | - | ​ | 1,956,934 | ​ | 33,590,051 | ​ | 22,834,712 | ​ | - | ​ | - | ​ | 58,381,697
TOTAL LIABILITIES | ​ | 2,944,711,299 | ​ | 283,454,620 | ​ | 219,313,805 | ​ | 63,105,659 | ​ | 5,132,018 | ​ | 5,603,091 | ​ | 3,521,320,492

​

​

27.TURNOVER TAX

As of January 2020, January 2023 and January 2024, the fiscal authorities of the City of Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A.), the Province of Mendoza and the Province of Buenos Aires (PBA), respectively, began to tax with the (“IIBB”) to the results from securities and instruments issued by the B.C.R.A. (hereinafter Leliqs/Notaliqs and Repo transactions, without distinction).

​

The B.C.R.A. initiated declaratory actions of certainty against both tax authorities regarding the unconstitutionality of the measures implemented, as they directly and significantly affect the purposes and functions assigned to the B.C.R.A., substantially altering the execution of national monetary and financial policy, The B.C.R.A. also cited that the imposition of this Turnover Tax is in clear contradiction to the provisions of the National Constitution and its Organic Charter. The B.C.R.A. has the authority to issue instruments to regulate monetary policy and achieve financial and exchange stability.

​

Through the enacted laws, provincial governments exceed their powers by imposing taxes on these monetary policy instruments, the regulation, implementation, and/or use of which falls within the jurisdiction of the B.C.R.A. This directly impacts the immunity principle of the national government's policy as these revenues cannot be subject to taxation at the local level due to their immunity or non-taxable status. Both municipalities and provinces lack tax authority over financial instruments issued by the National Government.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

In line with the presentations made by the B.C.R.A., the Association of Argentine Banks (ABA), the Association of Banks of Argentina (ADEBA) and most financial institutions operating in these provinces. They also brought actions for unconstitutionality on the rules, which are still pending resolution by the Supreme Court of the Nation (CSJN).

​

Based on the above, the Entity considers that the fundamentals underpinning the non-taxability of this type of instruments are sound and supported by expert opinions of its own and third-party specialists, we estimate the probabilities of a favorable outcome to our majority position. Therefore, it has ceased to pay the tax on results generated by the operations of Leliqs and Repo transactions in C.A.B.A. since April 2023 and by the operations of Repo transactions in PBA since January 2024.

​

On September 30, 2023, the Act (C.A.B.A.) No. 6655 was published, which provides for the reduction of the IIBB rate to 0% or 2.85% for transactions involving passes and B.C.R.A. securities, as regulated and subject to the effective transfer of co-participation funds or as agreed with the National Government.

​

As of December 31, 2024 the Bank has automatic determinations from AGIP (Government Revenue Agency) for the period from June to August 2023, therefore, a contingency provision amounting to $ 31,788,908 has been constituted.

​

Finally, and in relation to the discussion in the province of Mendoza, we mention that pursuant to the publication of the General Resolution (ATM Mendoza) No. 70/2024 and what is set out in art. 17 of the same, we have requested the acquiesce to the amounts duly determined, the reduction of the fine to the legal minimum and we have advanced with the payment of the sums claimed that amounted to $5,607. This acquiesce was formally accepted by the ATM through Administrative Resolutions N° 198 and 533 of 2024.

​

As of the date of issue of these financial statements, we are working on the withdrawal of the action filed with the Supreme Court of the Nation (CSJN).

​

28. ASSETS AND LIABILITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCY

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | At | ​ | At 12/31/2024 (per currency) | ​ | At
Items |  | 12/31/2024 |  | Dollar |  | Euro |  | Real |  | Others |  | 12/31/2023
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and Due from Banks |  | 448,012,239 |  | 438,992,379 |  | 5,902,773 |  | 52,975 |  | 3,064,112 |  | 438,232,376
Debt securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 21,779,880 |  | 21,779,880 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 18,912,660
Derivatives |  | 131,633 |  | 131,633 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 345,005
Other financial assets |  | 6,570,019 |  | 6,569,791 |  | 99 |  | — |  | 129 |  | 17,730,667
Loans and other financing |  | 370,416,173 |  | 369,749,954 |  | 666,219 |  | — |  | — |  | 93,432,046
Other Debt Securities |  | 101,947,875 |  | 101,947,875 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 60,468,987
Financial assets in guarantee |  | 4,853,835 |  | 4,853,835 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 15,175,793
Other non-financial assets |  | 841,769 |  | 841,769 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,298,374
TOTAL ASSETS |  | 954,553,423 |  | 944,867,116 |  | 6,569,091 |  | 52,975 |  | 3,064,241 |  | 645,595,908
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | 851,294,655 |  | 845,870,430 |  | 5,424,225 |  | — |  | — |  | 523,449,531
Non-financial public sector |  | 9,159,851 |  | 9,158,291 |  | 1,560 |  | — |  | — |  | 15,519,561
Financial sector |  | 312 |  | 312 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 4,124
Non-financial private sector and foreign residents |  | 842,134,492 |  | 836,711,827 |  | 5,422,665 |  | — |  | — |  | 507,925,846
Liabilities at fair value with changes in results |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Other financial liabilities |  | 36,552,811 |  | 34,290,943 |  | 2,186,483 |  | 134 |  | 75,251 |  | 38,044,918
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial entities |  | 17,516,973 |  | 16,868,565 |  | 648,408 |  | — |  | — |  | 557,031
Unsubordinated Negotiable obligations | ​ | 31,030,668 | ​ | 31,030,668 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Other non-financial liabilities |  | 651,214 |  | 651,202 |  | 1 |  | — |  | 11 |  | 3,044,306
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  | 937,046,321 |  | 928,711,808 |  | 8,259,117 |  | 134 |  | 75,262 |  | 565,095,786
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
NET POSITION |  | 17,507,102 |  | 16,155,308 |  | (1,690,026) |  | 52,841 |  | 2,988,979 |  | 80,500,122

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

29. CURRENT/NON-CURRENT DISTINCTION

Grupo Supervielle has adopted the presentation of all assets and liabilities in order of liquidity due to this presentation provides information that is reliable and more relevant.

The amounts expected to recover or cancel assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are set out below, considering:

​

a) those expected to be recovered or canceled within the following twelve months after the reporting year, and

b) those expected to be recovered or canceled after twelve months after that date.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 12/31/2024 | ​ | 12/31/2023
​ |  | No more than |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | No more than |  | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | 12 months | ​ | More than 12 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12 months | ​ | More than 12 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | after the | ​ | months after | ​ | ​ | ​ | after the | ​ | months after | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | reporting | ​ | the reporting | ​ | ​ | ​ | reporting | ​ | the reporting | ​ | ​
ASSETS | ​ | period | ​ | period | ​ | Total | ​ | period | ​ | period | ​ | Total
Cash and due from banks | ​ | 652,975,869 | ​ | — | ​ | 652,975,869 | ​ | 498,892,707 | ​ | — | ​ | 498,892,707
Cash |  | 151,871,913 |  | — |  | 151,871,913 |  | 248,262,689 |  | — |  | 248,262,689
Argentine Central Bank |  | 479,050,091 |  | — |  | 479,050,091 |  | 225,679,189 |  | — |  | 225,679,189
Other local financial institutions |  | 20,447,713 |  | — |  | 20,447,713 |  | 22,303,346 |  | — |  | 22,303,346
Others |  | 1,606,152 |  | — |  | 1,606,152 |  | 2,647,483 |  | — |  | 2,647,483
Debt Securities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 263,332,202 |  | — |  | 263,332,202 |  | 101,076,778 |  | — |  | 101,076,778
Derivatives |  | 4,627,810 |  | — |  | 4,627,810 |  | 8,264,332 |  | — |  | 8,264,332
Reverse Repo transactions |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,645,657,441 |  | — |  | 1,645,657,441
Other financial assets |  | 28,633,163 |  | — |  | 28,633,163 |  | 101,259,616 |  | — |  | 101,259,616
Loans and other financing |  | 1,529,700,232 |  | 640,377,932 |  | 2,170,078,164 |  | 880,961,993 |  | 169,649,699 |  | 1,050,611,692
To the non-financial public sector |  | 3,044,334 |  | 187,500 |  | 3,231,834 |  | 3,994,565 |  | 513,393 |  | 4,507,958
To the financial sector |  | 16,278,750 |  | 4,092,126 |  | 20,370,876 |  | 7,111,568 |  | 1,613,232 |  | 8,724,800
To the Non-Financial Private Sector and Foreign residents |  | 1,510,377,148 |  | 636,098,306 |  | 2,146,475,454 |  | 869,855,860 |  | 167,523,074 |  | 1,037,378,934
Other debt securities |  | 323,418,830 |  | 489,476,913 |  | 812,895,743 |  | 291,284,184 |  | 255,695,674 |  | 546,979,858
Pledged as collateral |  | 175,351,966 |  | — |  | 175,351,966 |  | 101,004,445 |  | — |  | 101,004,445
Current income tax assets |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Inventories |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Investments in equity instruments |  | 8,018 |  | 702,712 |  | 710,730 |  | — |  | 796,982 |  | 796,982
Property, plant and equipment |  | — |  | 101,936,609 |  | 101,936,609 |  | — |  | 111,389,656 |  | 111,389,656
Investment Property |  | — |  | 78,633,619 |  | 78,633,619 |  | — |  | 99,293,821 |  | 99,293,821
Intangible assets |  | — |  | 166,012,077 |  | 166,012,077 |  | — |  | 147,282,372 |  | 147,282,372
Deferred income tax assets |  | 336,960 |  | 14,775,757 |  | 15,112,717 |  | 4,799,212 |  | 23,423,170 |  | 28,222,382
Other non-financial assets |  | 17,912,752 |  | 17,629,463 |  | 35,542,215 |  | 4,553,205 |  | 36,307,589 |  | 40,860,794
TOTAL ASSETS |  | 2,996,297,802 |  | 1,509,545,082 |  | 4,505,842,884 |  | 3,637,753,913 |  | 843,838,963 |  | 4,481,592,876

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 12/31/2024 | ​ | 12/31/2023
​ |  | No more than |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | No more than |  | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | 12 months | ​ | More than 12 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 12 months | ​ | More than 12 | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | after the | ​ | months after | ​ | ​ | ​ | after the | ​ | months after | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | reporting | ​ | the reporting | ​ | ​ | ​ | reporting | ​ | the reporting | ​ | ​
LIABILITIES | ​ | period | ​ | period | ​ | Total | ​ | period | ​ | period | ​ | Total
Deposits | ​ | 3,173,461,243 | ​ | — | ​ | 3,173,461,243 | ​ | 2,721,389,833 | ​ | 651,612,089 | ​ | 3,373,001,922
Non-financial public sector |  | 144,705,833 |  | — |  | 144,705,833 | ​ | 219,392,129 |  | — |  | 219,392,129
Financial sector |  | 185,277 |  | — |  | 185,277 | ​ | 1,037,729 |  | — |  | 1,037,729
Non-financial private sector and foreign residents |  | 3,028,570,133 |  | — |  | 3,028,570,133 | ​ | 2,500,959,975 |  | 651,612,089 |  | 3,152,572,064
Liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |  | — |  | — |  | — | ​ | 1,323,792 |  | — |  | 1,323,792
Derivatives |  | 1,734,047 |  | — |  | 1,734,047 | ​ | — |  | — |  | —
Repo Transactions | ​ | 33,962,592 |  | — |  | 33,962,592 | ​ | 2,047,701 |  | — |  | 2,047,701
Other financial liabilities |  | 164,540,046 |  | 1,645,110 |  | 166,185,156 | ​ | 156,057,662 |  | 2,341,266 |  | 158,398,928
Financing received from the Argentine Central Bank and other financial institutions |  | 34,617,311 |  | 4,680,557 |  | 39,297,868 | ​ | 2,727,226 |  | 3,134,903 |  | 5,862,129
Unsubordinated negotiable Obligations |  | 51,157,866 |  | — |  | 51,157,866 | ​ | — |  | — |  | —
Current income tax liability | ​ | 5,230,697 | ​ | — | ​ | 5,230,697 | ​ | 1,605,312 | ​ | — | ​ | 1,605,312
Provisions |  | 109,131 |  | 40,493,718 |  | 40,602,849 | ​ | 52,241 |  | 32,389,459 |  | 32,441,700
Deferred income tax liability |  | (6,572,966) |  | 9,740,641 |  | 3,167,675 | ​ | 3,516,680 |  | — |  | 3,516,680
Other non-financial liabilities |  | 192,243,877 |  | — |  | 192,243,877 | ​ | 159,403,624 |  | — |  | 159,403,624
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  | 3,650,483,844 |  | 56,560,026 |  | 3,707,043,870 | ​ | 3,048,124,071 |  | 689,477,717 |  | 3,737,601,788

​

​

30. OFFSETTING OF FINANCIAL ASSET AND LIABILITIES

A financial asset and a financial liability shall be offset and the net amount presented in the statement of financial position when, and only when, Grupo Supervielle fulfill with paragraph 42 of IAS 32, and currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts; and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously,

In addition, Grupo Supervielle has master netting arrangement that do not satisfy the offsetting criteria but creates a right of set-off that becomes enforceable and affects the realization or settlement of individual financial assets and financial liabilities only following a specified event of default or in other circumstances not expected to arise in the normal course of business,

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the amount of assets and liabilities subject to a master netting arrangement not offset is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net in Financial | ​ | Amounts subject to a master | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross | ​ | Amount | ​ | Statements | ​ | netting arrangement not offset | ​ | ​
12/31/2024 |  | amount (a) |  | offset (b) |  | (c) = (a) + (b) |  | Financial asset / (Financial liability) |  | Collateral |  | Net amount
Debts with businesses for consumption by our customers with credit card | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (104,162,752) | ​ | 15,847,170 | ​ | (88,315,582)
Derivatives instruments | ​ | 3,235,376 | ​ | 1,260,801 | ​ | 4,496,177 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Total |  | 3,235,376 | ​ | 1,260,801 | ​ | 4,496,177 |  | (104,162,752) |  | 15,847,170 | ​ | (88,315,582)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net in Financial | ​ | Amounts subject to a master | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Gross | ​ | Amount | ​ | Statements | ​ | netting arrangement not offset | ​ | ​
12/31/2023 |  | amount (a) |  | offset (b) |  | (c) = (a) + (b) |  | Financial asset / (Financial liability) |  | Collateral |  | Net amount
Credit cards transactions | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (1,900,439) | ​ | (52,991,077) | ​ | (54,891,516)
Derivatives instruments | ​ | 400,011 | ​ | 5,848,954 | ​ | 6,248,965 | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | —
Total |  | 400,011 | ​ | 5,848,954 | ​ | 6,248,965 |  | (1,900,439) |  | (52,991,077) | ​ | (54,891,516)

​

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

31. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

The Group's objectives regarding capital management are established below:

​

| ● | Compliance with the requirements established by the BCRA in its communication “A” 6260 and amendments

| ● | Support the Group's operations to avoid any situation that puts the Group's operations at risk.

​

The total capital under the rules of the Argentine Central Bank for Banco Supervielle as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is composed as follows (book value):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 (*)
Capital Stock | ​ | 437,731 | ​ | 442,672
Paid in capital | ​ | 554,292,371 | ​ | 554,292,371
Inflation Adjustment of capital stock | ​ | 59,149,131 | ​ | 61,410,001
Treasury shares | ​ | 18,991 | ​ | 14,050
Inflation adjustment of treasury shares | ​ | 8,690,435 | ​ | 6,429,565
Cost of Treasury shares | ​ | (21,167,430) | ​ | (11,250,573)
Reserves | ​ | 93,268,053 | ​ | 9,380,391
Retained earnings | ​ | 124,958,516 | ​ | 111,798,898
Other comprehensive income | ​ | 2,958,644 | ​ | 13,914,935
Shareholders' Equity attributable to owners of the parent company | ​ | 822,606,442 | ​ | 746,432,310
Shareholders' Equity attributable to non-controlling interests | ​ | 1,088,761 | ​ | 598,182
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | ​ | 823,695,203 | ​ | 747,030,492
(*) Historical values ​​adjustment for inflation. | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The Board of Directors, through its Risk Committee, is responsible for monitoring, supervising, adapting and ensuring compliance with the objectives established for capital management.

​

According to the guidelines established by the BCRA, financial entities must maintain capital ratios to reduce the associated risks. It should be noted that as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Group complied with the minimum capital requirement determined in accordance with the provisions of the BCRA regulations.

​

Computable Patrimonial Liability of Banco Supervielle S.A. is made up of the basic Net Assets and the complementary Net Assets. The balance of these concepts as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is detailed below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 (*)
Basic Shareholder´s Equity | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Tier One Ordinary Capital | ​ | 824,470,904 | ​ | 732,667,574
(Deductible concepts) | ​ | (233,821,244) | ​ | (222,220,695)
Additional Tier One Capital | ​ | — | ​ | —
(Deductible concepts) | ​ | — | ​ | —
Group Funds | ​ | — | ​ | —
Computable Patrimonial Responsability | ​ | 590,649,660 | ​ | 510,446,879
(*) Amounts corresponding to applying Communication “A” 8009 retrospectively for comparative purposes | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

The consolidated Tier 1 capital ratio of Grupo Supervielle was 16.1% as of 31 December 2024.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

It should be mentioned that the deductible items include balances from deferred tax assets (DTA) in accordance with point 8.4.1.1. of the Minimum Capital Rules for Financial Institutions. This deduction is made for the gross amount of the ATD’s, without taking into account any offsets that may be made of deferred tax liabilities (DTL), and which are permitted by both IFRS and Basel III rules.

​

The above-mentioned rules state that deferred tax assets may be offset against deferred tax liabilities when DTA and DTL relate to taxes collected by the same tax authority and the appropriate tax authority authorizes the offsetting, the situation that occurs in determining the Entity’s income tax.

​

If the above-mentioned compensations could have been made, the Computable Patrimonial Liability would amount to 631,952,756 and 533,921,325 by December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

​

Below is a detail of the determined requirement:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 12/31/2024 |  | 12/31/2023 (*)
Credit risk | ​ | 207,256,530 | ​ | 136,872,371
Operational risk | ​ | 74,466,666 | ​ | 51,026,023
Market risk | ​ | 17,327,442 | ​ | 6,484,215
Requirement | ​ | 299,050,638 | ​ | 194,382,609
Integration | ​ | 590,649,660 | ​ | 510,446,879
Excess | ​ | 291,599,022 | ​ | 316,064,270
(*) Amounts corresponding to applying Communication “A” 8009 retrospectively for comparative purposes. | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

32. Repurchase of treasury shares

On July 20, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors approved a repurchase of treasury shares with a maximum amount to be invested of 2,000,000 or the lesser amount resulting from the acquisition until reaching 10% of the capital stock. The price to be paid for the shares will be up to a maximum of US$2.20 per ADR on the New York Stock Exchange and up to a maximum of $138 per Class B share on Bolsas y Mercados Argentinos S.A. The Company would could acquire shares for a term of 250 calendar days from the entry into force of the program, subject to any renewal or extension of the term that is approved by the Board of Directors. The approved share program did not imply an obligation on the behalf of Grupo Supervielle with respect to the acquisition of a certain number of shares.

​

On September 13, 2022, the Board of Directors of Grupo Supervielle S.A. approved to modify point 5 of the terms and conditions of the own shares acquisition plan approved on July 20, 2022 as follows: “5. The price to be paid for the shares will be up to a maximum of US$2.70 per ADR on the New York Stock Exchange and up to a maximum of $155 per Class B share on Bolsas y Mercados Argentinos S.A.” The remaining terms and conditions remained in force as they were approved.

​

Subsequently, on December 27, 2022, he Board of Directors approved to modify point 5 of the terms and conditions of the own shares acquisition program approved on July 20, 2022 as follows: “5. The price to be paid for the shares will be up to a maximum of US$2.70 per ADR on the New York Stock Exchange and up to a maximum of $200 per Class B share on Bolsas y Mercados Argentinos S.A.” The remaining terms and conditions remained in force as approved.

​

In the statement of Changes in Shareholders´ Equity, the nominal value of the repurchased shares is disclosed as “ Treasury shares “ and its restatement as “Inflation adjustment of treasury shares “. The consideration paid, including directly attributable incremental cost, is deducted from equity until the shares are canceled or reissued, and is disclosed as “Cost Treasury shares”.

​

On 19 April 2024, the Supervisory Board of Supervielle approved a new program for the repurchase of Group shares in accordance with Article 64 of Law 26.831 and CNV rules. The Group decided to establish the Program as a result of the current national macroeconomic

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

​

context and considering that the actions of the Grupo Supervielle do not reflect the real value of the company’s assets nor their potential value.

​

The terms and conditions for the acquisition of own shares under the Program were as follows: (i) maximum amount of investment: up to $8,000,000; (ii) maximum number of shares to be acquired: up to 10% of the share capital of Grupo Supervielle, as established by applicable Argentine laws and regulations; (iii) price to be paid: up to $1,600.00 per Class B share and US$8.00 per ADR on the New York Stock Exchange, and (iv) time limit for acquisition: 120 days from the day following the date of publication of the information in the Boletín Diario de la Bolsa de Buenos Aires, subject to any renewal or extension of the term, which will be informed to the public by the same means.

​

Subsequently, on May 7, 2024, Grupo Supervielle approved the modification of the terms and conditions of the program for the acquisition of own shares as follows: “The price to be paid for shares will be up to a maximum of $2,400.00 per Class B share and US$10.00 per ADR on the New York Stock Exchange. The remaining terms and conditions remain in force as approved”.

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The terms and conditions for the acquisition of own shares under the Program were as follows: (i) maximum amount of investment: up to $4,000,000; (ii) maximum number of shares to be acquired: up to 10% of the share capital of Grupo Supervielle, as established by applicable Argentine laws and regulations; (iii) price to be paid: up to $2,400.00 per Class B share and US$10.00 per ADR on the New York Stock Exchange, and (iv) time limit for acquisition: 120 days from the day following the date of publication of the information in the Boletín Diario de la Bolsa de Buenos Aires, subject to any renewal or extension of the term, which will be informed to the public by the same means.

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Subsequently, on June 4, 2024, Grupo Supervielle approved the modification of the terms and conditions of the program for the acquisition of own shares as follows: “The maximum amount to be invested will be $8,000,000 or the lower amount resulting in the acquisition up to 10% of the share capital including for the purposes of calculating this percentage the shares that the Company already holds in its portfolio” and “The amount of acquisitions may not exceed 25% of the average daily transaction volume that the shares of the Company have experienced during the previous 90 business days in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 26.831. For the purposes of calculating the limit established by current regulations, Grupo Supervielle will take into account the average daily transaction volume experienced by shares within the period indicated in the two markets in which it operates (Argentine Stock and Markets and the New York Stock Exchange)”.

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On July 8, 2024, Grupo Supervielle terminated the Program of Repurchase of Own Shares. Grupo Supervielle has acquired a total of 4,940,665 ByMA Class B shares under the second program, achieving an execution rate of 99.78% of the program and 1.0818% of the share capital. Grupo Supervielle has acquired a total of 18,991,157 Class B shares representing 4.1581% of the share capital.

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In the statement of changes in equity, the nominal value of repurchased shares is shown as “own shares in portfolio” and their restatement as “full adjustment of own shares in portfolio”. The consideration paid, including directly attributable incremental expenses, is deducted from equity until the shares are cancelled or reissued, and is disclosed as “cost of treasury shares”.

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33 . MINIMUM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

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The Central Bank requires financial institutions to maintain minimum capital amounts measured as of each month's closing, The minimum capital is defined as the greater of (i) the basic minimum capital requirement, which is explained below, or (ii) the sum of the credit risk, operational risk and market risk, Financial institutions (including their domestic Argentine and international branches) must comply with the minimum capital requirements both on an individual and a consolidated basis.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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The following table sets forth information regarding excess capital and selected capital and liquidity ratios of the Bank:

As stated above under “Presentation of Financial and Other Information”, we have prepared our audited consolidated financial statements for 2024, 2023 and 2022 under IFRS, Minimum capital requirement has been prepared in accordance with the rules of the Argentine Central Bank, which is not comparable to data prepared under IFRS.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Year ended December 31, |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 (3) |  | 2022 (4) |
​ | ​ | (in thousands of Pesos except percentages and ratios) |
Calculation of excess capital: | ​ |  |  |  |  |  | ​
Allocated to assets at risk | ​ | 182,998,532 |  | 113,069,951 |  | 140,574,334 |
Allocated to Bank premises and equipment, intangible assets and equity investment assets | ​ | 23,723,556 |  | 23,209,663 |  | 25,415,799 |
Market risk | ​ | 17,327,442 |  | 6,484,215 |  | 11,487,308 |
Public sector and securities in investment account, | ​ | 534,442 |  | 592,757 |  | 4,242,194 |
Operational risk | ​ | 74,466,666 |  | 51,026,023 |  | 55,528,568 |
Required minimum capital under Central Bank rules | ​ | 299,050,638 |  | 194,382,609 |  | 237,248,203 |
Basic net worth | ​ | 824,470,904 |  | 732,667,574 |  | 526,365,675 |
Complementary net worth | ​ | — |  | — |  | 17,632,600 |
Deductions | ​ | (233,821,244) |  | (222,220,695) |  | (169,964,031) |
Total capital under Central Bank rules | ​ | 590,649,660 |  | 510,446,879 |  | 374,034,244 |
Excess capital | ​ | 291,599,022 |  | 316,064,270 |  | 136,786,041 |
Credit Risk Weighted Assets (1) | ​ | 2,557,622,021 | ​ | 1,672,850,285 | ​ | 2,057,126,334 | ​
Risk Weighted Assets (1) | ​ | 3,662,675,501 | ​ | 2,379,950,437 | ​ | 2,904,024,550 | ​
Selected capital and liquidity ratios: | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  |  |
Regulatory capital/credit risk weighted assets | ​ | 23.1 | % | 30.5 | % | 18.2 | %
Regulatory capital/risk weighted assets | ​ | 16.1 | % | 21.4 | % | 12.9 | %
Average shareholders’ equity as a percentage of average total assets | ​ | 17.8 | % | 14.5 | % | 12.2 | %
Total liabilities as a multiple of total shareholders’ equity | ​ | 5.4x | ​ | 6.3x | ​ | 8.3x | ​
Cash as a percentage of total deposits | ​ | 20.2 | % | 14.4 | % | 8.7 | %
Liquid assets as a percentage of total deposits (2) | ​ | 55.6 | % | 83.1 | % | 65.8 | %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1) / risk weighted assets | ​ | 16.1 | % | 21.4 | % | 12.3 | %

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(1) | Risk Weighted Assets includes operational risk weighted assets, market risk weighted assets, and credit risk weighted assets, Operational risk weighted assets and market risk weighted assets are calculated by multiplying their respective required minimum capital under Central Bank rules by 12.5, Credit Risk Weighted Assets is calculated by applying the respective credit risk weights to our assets, following Central Bank rules,

(2) | Liquid assets include cash, securities issued by the Central Bank, and Repo transactions with the Central Bank. This ratio does not consider other government securities held by the Company to set Minimum Reserve Requirements.

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(3) | Amounts corresponding to applying Communication “A” 8009 retrospectively for comparative purposes. Values adjusted for inflation

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(4) | Values adjustment for inflation.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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34. ECONOMIC CONTEXT ON GROUP´S OPERATIONS

According to estimates by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), in 2024 the global economy grew by 3.2%, showing a marginal slowdown compared with the previous year, which resulted in a 3.3% growth rate.

​

During the reporting period, most central banks began to relax monetary policy. This is explained by the slowdown in inflation and acceptable growth rates maintained by the major powers. The US Federal Reserve lowered the Federal Funds rate by 1 percentage point to a range of 4.50 - 4.25%, after having risen 1 point in 2023.

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On commodities, a decline in global energy demand led to a fall in oil prices, especially during the last quarter. This favored the disinflationary path, especially in Europe. Also, the continued conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and between Israel and Hamas kept the oil market tense during 2024.

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At the political level, US voters elected Donald Trump for a second presidential term. Prior to the take-over, the interest rate of the 10-year US bond. was close to 5%, mainly due to the fear of an economic policy that would accelerate inflation and slow down the rate cut proposed by the FED. As cabinet formation spread and the inaugural speech took place, rates fell by about 4.6 per cent. Among the prospects with international impact, it is assessed that a tough tariff policy, mainly with China, could increase the risks of a trade war.

​

The national environment was strongly impacted by the shock measures implemented by the government of Javier Milei. Following the signing of Decree on Necessity and Urgency (DNU) 70/2023, which repealed and amended more than 300 laws at the end of 2023, a restrictive fiscal policy was adopted. As a result, already in January there was a financial surplus that continued throughout the year, reaching a cumulative surplus of 0.3% of GDP in December. This result is due to the adjustment of primary expenditure by 26.9% and the temporary increase in the PAIS tax, which was finally eliminated.

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In order to maintain fiscal balance, the national executive had to face legislative challenges. In this regard, the adoption of the Bases Law was a significant achievement, although its definitive version is less ambitious than the original text. In addition, the government vetoed two projects approved by the Argentine Congress that involved increasing public spending without income support, with respect to the university’s budget and its forecast assets.

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The government managed to reduce inflation from 25.5% in December 2023 to 2.7% in December 2024. The slowdown was more pronounced than initially forecast according to the Central Bank’s (BCRA) survey, inflation was expected to be close to 227% for 2024, when the final index turned out to be 117.8%. This improvement was explained by a strict discipline in public accounts that prevented the issuance of money to finance the fiscal deficit. In addition, the crawling peg regime (a monthly rate of depreciation of the exchange rate) functioned as a nominal anchor; with the evolution of inflation, the BCRA decided to lower the rate of this rate from 2 to 1 per cent from February 2025.

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Another milestone of the government was tax amnesty conducted between August and November. US$20.085 million in cash and US$2.432 million in other charges were settled. Thus, private sector dollar deposits grew by US$16 billion and loans to the private sector in dollars increased by US$8.9 billion.

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The positive shock of laundering was well received by the market, as it allowed BCRA to increase its gross and net reserves from the settlement of dollar loans in the foreign exchange market. Also, the fact that the monetary authority functioned as buyer in the last part of the year changed the expectations of economic agents, causing a significant drop in country risk to reach 635 points at the end of the year. It should be noted that the government cancelled the maturities of capital and interest on bonds that operated in the month of January 2025 for a total of US$4.5 billion (US$2.9 billion in capital and US$1.6 billion in interest). In turn, the BCRA announced a REPO with international banks, with BOPREAL Series 1-D bonds for a total bid amount of US$1 billion and a final term of 2 years 4 months. In this way, the government begins to show different alternatives for financing future debt maturities.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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In relation to the IMF agreement, and after its continuity in 2023 was endangered due to the failure of all established targets, this year the fiscal target was exceeded, and the third quarter reserve goal was not reached. At the end of the reporting year and during January 2025, there was talk of a possible new agreement for the first four months of 2025, with the possibility of receiving new funds.

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In relation to the economic data, with a cumulative year-on-year decline of 1.8% (latest data for December), the evolution of the national economy was affected by the development of construction (-17.6%), which suffered the brake of public works, industry (-9.2%) and trade (-7.6%), the European Commission has published a report on the situation in the United States of America. Compensation was provided by the agricultural sector, which rebounded 30.9% after the severe drought of 2023, and mining and quarrying, which grew 7.2%.

Economic activity was not homogeneous, falling at the beginning of the year but expanding in the following months. Until April, the EMAE fell 1.9% compared to December 2023, in the seasonally adjusted series, and grew to 6.8% between May and December.

​

In addition, at the end of November (latest available data), 113,000 seasonally adjusted jobs were lost, while total wages showed a 12.7% year-on-year increase in real terms at the end of December.

​

The year ended with an overall inflation rate of 117.8%, marking a significant decrease from 211% recorded for 2023. Disinflation is due to the fact that the National Treasury did not require monetary financing from the B.C.R.A. and, at the same time, an adjustment of relative prices was achieved. Thus, while regulated prices rose by 205.9%, core inflation and seasonal prices rose by 105.5% and 87.3%, respectively.

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The government closed the year with a fiscal surplus of approximately 0.3% of GDP, while the primary surplus was 1.8%. The improvement in the fiscal result occurs despite the fact that revenues fell by 5.2% in real terms, with a 26.9% reduction in public expenditure. In this respect, the reduction of social welfare expenditure accounted for 32.6 per cent of the total, becoming the most crucial factor. Capital expenditure was the most reduced: 77.3% in real terms.

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The trade balance showed a surplus of US$18,899 million, compared with a deficit of US$6,932 million in the previous year. The improvement is explained by an increase of 19.4% in exports, which reached US$79,721 million; imports fell 17.5%, with a result of US$60,822 million. With respect to the level of international reserves, 2024 closed with a stock of US$29,612 million, implying an increase of US$6,539 million compared to 2023.

​

In relation to monetary policy, at the beginning of 2024, the BCRA stopped bidding on liquidity letters (LELIQs) and passive passes became the instrument of monetary policy. Then, in March, the entity lowered the pass rate from 100% to 80% of TNA and additionally released the market rates that were heavily regulated since 2020. By May, the pass rate was already 40% n.a. Since then, the government has begun a process of transferring remunerated liabilities from the BCRA to the Treasury.

​

In this context, the banks initially disarmed their position in passive passes to go to tenders of the Treasury that offered Letras Capitalizables (LECAPs). Then, they accelerated the process and BCRA stopped renewing passes. The Treasury also issued $20 billion Liquidity Tax Bills (LEFIs) that were purchased by BCRA. As a result, banks buy and sell LEFIs to the BCRA to manage their daily liquidity.

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On the other hand, BCRA has a monetary base target of $47.7 billion. It represents the April 2024 Broad Monetary Base, which consists of the monetary basis plus the remunerated liabilities at that time. In this way, the money base will grow month by month as the demand for money increases and banks satisfy it by selling LEFIs to the BCRA. As of 30 December, the monetary base was $29.7 trillion.

​

With regard to the financial system, during 2024 there was an improvement in the main macroeconomic indicators, with a significant reduction in the inflation rate and interest rates. In the new context, the financial system began to show early signs of recovery: demand for credit grew again, as did dollar deposits, reflecting the success of the tax amnesty law. In addition, the BCRA removed some regulations implemented in previous efforts, such as the setting of a minimum interest rate to be paid by financial institutions on fixed

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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terms, the maximum interest rates in the Productive Investment Financing Lines (LIP) (which continued to be the main tool used to channel credit to MiPyMEs), as well as the setting of maximum interest rates for credit card financing.

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According to the data available in December 2024, the ratio of deposits and loans of the private sector in pesos to GDP was 13.0% and 8.8%, while in December 2023 the levels were at 17.1% and 8.1%, respectively. Total private sector deposits increased by 128 per cent (+5 per cent in real terms), while total loans to the private sector rose by 230 per cent year-on-year (+52 per cent in real terms). Also, market interest rates had a significant fall throughout the year: by case, BADLAR (private banks) fell 77.81 points, due to the decline in the nominality of the economy, and the monetary policy rate (Letras Fiscales de Liquidez - LEFI) was 32% (when in December 2023 the passive pass was at 100%). As of December 2, 2024 the BCRA presented the Wholesale Rate of Argentina (TAMAR), calculated on the basis of fixed term deposits of 1,000 million pesos or more, with a maturity of 30 to 35 days. Its distinctive feature is the minimum number of deposits eligible for calculation, which will be updated annually. In December, TAMAR averaged 35.18 per cent of NCT, while BADLAR averaged 32.88 per cent.

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The liquidity and solvency of the financial system remain at elevated levels.

​

The financial sector has significant exposure to the Argentine public sector, through rights, government bonds, loans, and other assets. The Group’s exposure to the Argentine public sector is as follows:

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​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Grupo Supervielle´s Exposure to Public Sector
Central Bank of Argentina (including repo transactions) | ​ | 949,082,379
Exposure to Government Securities and Treasury Bonds | ​ | 949,082,379
Loans to Public Sector | ​ | 3,231,834
Total exposure to Public Sector | ​ | 952,314,213
Over Total Assets | ​ | 21.14%
Over Shareholder´s equity | ​ | 119.22%

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In accordance with the provisions of note 1.1, non-financial public sector instruments are not covered by the impairment provisions of IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”.

​

On April 11, 2025, the Central Bank announced the start of “phase 3” of its economic program which introduces significant changes to its monetary and exchange rate policy. A managed floating exchange rate system was implemented, allowing the U.S. dollar to fluctuate within a band of Ps.1,000 to Ps.1,400, adjusted monthly by approximately 1%. The Argentine government lifted foreign exchange controls as a result of which individuals now face no restrictions to access the official exchange market, and tax surcharges are eliminated, except for tourism and credit card transactions. For corporations, restrictions on import payments and dividend repatriation were eased, while a new BOPREAL bond was introduced to address legacy external liabilities. The export incentive program known as the “dólar blend” was eliminated to simplify the exchange market. The monetary policy framework was reformed to focus on strict control of monetary aggregates, particularly the M2 private transactional aggregate, with no monetary financing of the fiscal deficit or interest payments on Central Bank liabilities. These measures are supported by a US$20 billion Extended Facilities Program agreement with the IMF. In April 2025, US$15 billion were disbursed to Argentina by the IMF under this agreement with full availability for budgetary and balance of payments support. These funds will be complemented by an additional US$6.1 billion in financing from other international organizations. A portion of the IMF resources will be used by the Ministry of Economy to repurchase non-transferable bonds held by the Central Bank in order to strengthen its balance sheet. The Extended Facilities Program agreement also establishes quarterly performance criteria in order to reinforce monetary discipline and align with the Central Bank’s new framework.

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The context of volatility and uncertainty resulting from the elections continues as of the date of issuance of these financial statements.

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The Group's Management permanently monitors the evolution of the variables that affect its business, to define its course of action and identify the potential impacts on its equity and financial situation. The Group's financial statements must be read considering these circumstances.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2024, presented in comparative format

(Expressed in thousands of pesos)

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35. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On January 14, 2025, Banco Supervielle S.A. issued its class J Corporate bonds at a fixed rate of 4.18% with maturity on July 14, 2025 (6 months from the date of issue and settlement), for a nominal value of U$s $50,000. The program was authorized by the National Securities Commission through Resolution No 18.376 dated November 24, 2016. Negotiable Bonds are issued under your global program of non-convertible, unsubordinated marketable bonds with a nominal value of up to US$300,000 (or its equivalent in other currencies and/or units of value). The principal and interest of Class J Corporate Bonds shall be paid in full in a single payment, to be made on the due date.

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On February 7, 2025, Banco Supervielle S.A. issued its class K Corporate bonds at a fixed rate of 4.15% with maturity on August 7, 2025 (6 months from the date of issue and settlement), for a nominal value of U$s 28,382. The program was authorized by the National Securities Commission through Resolution No 18.376 dated November 24, 2016. Negotiable Bonds are issued under your global program of non-convertible, unsubordinated marketable bonds with a nominal value of up to US$300,000 (or its equivalent in other currencies and/or units of value). The principal and interest of Class K Corporate Bonds shall be paid in full in a single payment, to be made on the due date.

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On February 7, 2025, Banco Supervielle S.A. issued its class L Corporate bonds at a variable rate equivalent to the sum of the Tamar rate from private banks plus a margin of 2.75% with maturity on February 7, 2026, for a nominal value of $50,974. The program was authorized by the National Securities Commission through Resolution No 18.376 dated November 24, 2016. Negotiable Bonds are issued under your global program of non-convertible, unsubordinated marketable bonds with a nominal value of up to US$300,000 (or its equivalent in other currencies and/or units of value). The capital of the L-class Corporate Bonds shall be paid in full in a single payment, to be made on the due date, and interest shall be payable quarterly on the following dates: 7 May 2025, 7 August 2025, 7 November 2025, and the due date.

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On March 7, 2025, Banco Supervielle S.A. issued its class M Corporate bonds at a variable rate equal to the sum of the Tamar rate from private banks plus a margin of 2.75% with maturity on March 7, 2026, for a nominal value of $30,580. The program was authorized by the National Securities Commission through Resolution No 18.376 dated November 24, 2016. Negotiable Bonds are issued under your global program of non-convertible, unsubordinated marketable bonds with a nominal value of up to US$300,000 (or its equivalent in other currencies and/or units of value). The capital of the M-class Corporate Bonds will be paid in full in a single payment, to be made on the due date, and interest will be payable quarterly on the following dates: June 7, 2025, September 7, 2025, December 7, 2025 and the due date.

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In addition to this, there are no events or transactions between the financial year-end and the date of issue of the consolidated financial statements that could significantly affect the balance sheet and the results of the Company as at closing of the current fiscal year.

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