(12)	INCOME TAXES

In order to determine the Company’s quarterly provision for income taxes, the Company used an estimated annual effective tax rate that is based on expected annual income and statutory tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter during which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rate from quarter to quarter.

Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was $3.8, or approximately 47.5% of pre-tax income, compared to $8.6, or approximately 20.0% of pre-tax income, for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Income tax expense for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 was $15.2, or approximately 63.1% of pre-tax income, compared to $29.7, or approximately 22.6% of pre-tax income, for the nine months ended March 31, 2016. Income tax expense for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017 is based on the Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year ending June 30, 2017, adjusted by discrete items recognized during the period. For the nine months ended March 31, 2017, the Company’s recognized effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the effect of state income taxes, penalties and interest, certain expenses or adjustments related to acquisitions, changes in valuation allowance, and the prior year adoption of ASU 2016-09 (“ASU2016-09”), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting and other benefits realized from the differences related to the earlier recognition of the tax effect of equity compensation expense from incentive stock options and the deduction realized when those options are disqualified upon exercise and sale.

The Company files U.S., foreign and state income tax returns in jurisdictions with various statutes of limitations. The Company is currently under audit by the IRS for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2014 and June 30, 2015; the State of New Jersey for the fiscal years June 30, 2007 through 2013; the State of New York for the fiscal years June 30, 2014 through 2015; and the State of California for the fiscal years June 30, 2013 through 2014. Annual and interim tax provisions include amounts considered necessary to pay assessments that may result from examination of prior year tax returns; however, the amount ultimately paid upon resolution of issues may differ materially from the amount accrued.

The FASB issued ASU 2016-09 on March 30, 2016, in an effort to simplify the accounting for income taxes surrounding excess tax benefits. The Company elected early adoption in the fourth quarter of the June 30, 2016 fiscal year. The guidance indicates that the provision is to be adopted prospectively and that any adjustment for the period ending June 30, 2016 must be reflected as of the beginning of the June 30, 2016 fiscal year. Accordingly, adjustments related of the application of ASU 2016-09 in any period following the June 30, 2016 fiscal year are reflected as required in both the effective tax rate, and the deferred tax asset and liabilities. The Company has made an entity-wide accounting policy election to continue to estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest and adjust the estimate when it is likely to change.