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Stock-Based Compensation
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
On November 30, 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved the adoption of the 2017 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2017 Plan”). The 2017 Plan allows the Company, under the direction of the Compensation and Human Capital Committee of the Board of Directors, to make grants of restricted and unrestricted stock awards to employees, consultants, and directors. Stockholders have approved amendments to the 2017 Plan increasing the shares available to grant. As of September 30, 2021, the Company has 3.6 million shares of common stock available for grant under the 2017 Plan. If an RSU awarded under the 2017 Plan is cancelled or forfeited without the issuance of shares of common stock, the unissued or reacquired shares that were subject to the RSU will again be available for issuance pursuant to the 2017 Plan. To the extent that awards outstanding under the Company's prior equity plans expire or are cancelled without delivery of shares of common stock, they also will be available for issuance pursuant to the 2017 Plan.
The number of shares, terms, and vesting periods are generally determined by the Company’s Board of Directors or a committee thereof on an award-by-award basis. RSUs granted to employees generally vest ratably over four years either on the anniversary of the date on which the RSUs were granted or during the month in which such anniversary dates occur. The number of RSUs awarded to certain employees may be increased or reduced based on certain additional performance metrics. Options and RSUs granted to non-employee directors vest in full upon completion of one year of service on the anniversary following the date of the grant. Options generally vest ratably over service periods of four years. Options granted after December 5, 2012 expire eight years from the date of grant, and options granted prior to that date generally expire ten years from the date of grant.
Stock Options
A summary of the stock option activity under the Company’s equity plans and inducement awards, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is as follows:
(number of shares in millions)Number
of
Shares		Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Options outstanding at December 31, 20205.2 $23.24 
Options granted— $— 
Less:
Options exercised(3.6)$24.26 
Options canceled or expired(0.1)$25.03 
Options outstanding at September 30, 20211.5 $20.57 
Options exercisable at September 30, 20211.1 $23.20 
As of September 30, 2021, there was $2.6 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options that will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.
Restricted Stock Units
A summary of the RSU activity under the Company’s equity plans and inducement awards, including RSU awards with performance metrics, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is as follows:
(number of shares in millions)Number
of
Shares		Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
RSUs outstanding at December 31, 20203.2 $20.56 
RSUs granted1.7 $29.95 
Less:
RSUs vested(0.8)$24.00 
RSUs canceled(0.7)$24.63 
RSUs outstanding at September 30, 20213.4 $23.91 
As of September 30, 2021, there was $68.2 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs that will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.6 years. 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company also has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan that was approved by stockholders in 2012 (the “2012 Purchase Plan”), under which 2.0 million shares of common stock have been authorized.  On September 23, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an amended and restated 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which authorizes an additional 2.0 million shares of common stock and extends the term of the 2012 Purchase Plan to November 30, 2032, subject in each case to obtaining stockholder approval. The amended and restated 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan also amended certain provisions of the 2012 Purchase Plan effective upon approval by the Board of Directors, including expanding the definition of "offering period" to provide that the Board of Directors may determine the period in accordance with the terms of the plan, and capping the number of shares that may be purchased by any participant during an offering period at 5,000 shares. Shares are issued under the 2012 Purchase Plan twice yearly at the end of each offering period.  As of September 30, 2021, approximately 0.1 million shares of common stock are available for issuance under the 2012 Purchase Plan.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense recognized and included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) was allocated as follows:
Three months ended
September 30,		Nine months ended
September 30,
(in millions)2021202020212020
Cost of molecular diagnostic testing$0.4 $0.3 $1.1 $1.0 
Cost of pharmaceutical and clinical services— 0.1 0.1 0.3 
Research and development expense0.8 1.3 3.3 3.6 
Selling, general, and administrative expense8.8 6.7 23.4 12.9 
     Total stock-based compensation expense$10.0 $8.4 $27.9 $17.8