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Servicing Rights
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Servicing Rights  
Servicing Rights

Note 9. Servicing rights

The Company performs servicing activities for third parties, which primarily include collecting principal, interest and other payments from borrowers, remitting the corresponding payments to investors and monitoring delinquencies. The Company’s servicing fees are specified by pooling and servicing agreements.

The table below presents information about servicing rights.

Three Months Ended September 30, 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 

(in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

SBA servicing rights, at amortized cost

Beginning net carrying amount

$

21,670

$

19,721

$

22,157

$

18,764

Additions due to loans sold, servicing retained

 

1,921

 

2,778

 

5,700

 

6,478

Amortization

 

(929)

 

(986)

 

(2,878)

 

(3,075)

Impairment

 

(765)

 

(308)

 

(3,082)

 

(962)

Ending net carrying amount

$

21,897

$

21,205

$

21,897

$

21,205

Multi-family servicing rights, at amortized cost

Beginning net carrying amount

$

63,188

$

24,724

$

62,300

$

19,059

Additions due to loans sold, servicing retained

 

2,883

 

3,292

 

8,510

 

10,760

Acquisitions

 

 

15,800

 

 

15,800

Amortization

 

(2,429)

 

(1,504)

 

(7,168)

 

(3,307)

Ending net carrying amount

$

63,642

$

42,312

$

63,642

$

42,312

Total servicing rights, at amortized cost

$

85,539

$

63,517

$

85,539

$

63,517

Residential MSRs, at fair value

Beginning net carrying amount

$

168,653

$

100,820

$

120,142

$

76,840

Additions due to loans sold, servicing retained

 

9,463

 

11,622

 

32,417

 

35,595

Loan pay-offs

(2,610)

(5,000)

(9,636)

(15,650)

Unrealized gains

 

16,647

 

147

 

49,230

 

10,804

Ending fair value amount

$

192,153

$

107,589

$

192,153

$

107,589

Total servicing rights

$

277,692

$

171,106

$

277,692

$

171,106

Servicing rights – SBA and multi-family portfolio. The Company’s SBA and multi-family servicing rights are carried at amortized cost and evaluated quarterly for impairment. The Company estimates the fair value of these servicing rights by using a combination of internal models and data provided by third-party valuation experts. The assumptions used in our internal models include forward prepayment rates, forward default rates, discount rates, and servicing expenses.

The Company’s models calculate the present value of expected future cash flows utilizing assumptions that we believe are used by market participants. We derive forward prepayment rates, forward default rates and discount rates from historical experience adjusted for prevailing market conditions. Components of the estimated future cash flows include servicing fees, late fees, other ancillary fees and cost of servicing.

The table below presents additional information about SBA and multi-family servicing rights.

As of September 30, 2022

As of December 31, 2021

(in thousands)

UPB

Carrying Value

UPB

Carrying Value

SBA

$

976,135

$

21,897

$

856,188

$

22,157

Multi-family

4,659,868

63,642

4,232,969

62,300

Total

$

5,636,003

$

85,539

$

5,089,157

$

84,457

The table below presents significant assumptions used in the estimated valuation of SBA and multi-family servicing rights carried at amortized cost.

September 30, 2022

December 31, 2021

    

Range of input values

Weighted
Average

    

Range of input values

Weighted
Average

SBA servicing rights

Forward prepayment rate

9.6

-

21.7

%

10.1

%

7.9

-

21.0

%

8.9

%

Forward default rate

0.0

-

10.0

%

9.2

%

0.0

-

10.4

%

9.1

%

Discount rate

13.4

-

21.4

%

13.9

%

10.0

-

21.3

%

10.7

%

Servicing expense

0.4

-

0.4

%

0.4

%

0.4

-

0.4

%

0.4

%

Multi-family servicing rights

Forward prepayment rate

0.0

-

7.3

%

3.5

%

0.0

-

7.3

%

3.5

%

Forward default rate

0.0

-

1.3

%

0.9

%

0.0

-

1.3

%

1.0

%

Discount rate

6.0

-

6.0

%

6.0

%

6.0

-

6.0

%

6.0

%

Servicing expense

0.0

-

0.8

%

0.1

%

0.0

-

0.8

%

0.1

%

Assumptions can change between and at each reporting period as market conditions and projected interest rates change.

The table below presents the possible impact of 10% and 20% adverse changes to key assumptions on SBA and multi-family servicing rights.

(in thousands)

    

September 30, 2022

    

December 31, 2021

SBA servicing rights

Forward prepayment rate

Impact of 10% adverse change

$

(679)

$

(670)

Impact of 20% adverse change

$

(1,320)

$

(1,305)

Default rate

 

 

Impact of 10% adverse change

$

(146)

$

(155)

Impact of 20% adverse change

$

(290)

$

(309)

Discount rate

Impact of 10% adverse change

$

(828)

$

(746)

Impact of 20% adverse change

$

(1,591)

$

(1,443)

Servicing expense

Impact of 10% adverse change

$

(1,339)

$

(1,344)

Impact of 20% adverse change

$

(2,679)

$

(2,687)

Multi-family servicing rights

Forward prepayment rate

Impact of 10% adverse change

$

(280)

$

(291)

Impact of 20% adverse change

$

(553)

$

(575)

Default rate

 

 

Impact of 10% adverse change

$

(25)

$

(25)

Impact of 20% adverse change

$

(49)

$

(50)

Discount rate

Impact of 10% adverse change

$

(1,894)

$

(1,910)

Impact of 20% adverse change

$

(3,698)

$

(3,726)

Servicing expense

Impact of 10% adverse change

$

(2,658)

$

(2,659)

Impact of 20% adverse change

$

(5,316)

$

(5,318)

The table below presents estimated future amortization expense for SBA and multi-family servicing rights.

(in thousands)

    

September 30, 2022

2022

$

5,480

2023

 

12,266

2024

 

10,840

2025

 

9,583

2026

 

8,589

Thereafter

 

38,781

Total

$

85,539

Residential MSRs. The Company's residential MSRs consist of conforming conventional loans sold to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac or loans securitized in Ginnie Mae securities. Similarly, the government loans serviced by the Company are securitized through Ginnie Mae, whereby the Company is insured against loss by the Federal Housing Administration or partially guaranteed against loss by the Department of Veteran Affairs.

The table below presents additional information about residential MSRs carried at fair value.

September 30, 2022

December 31, 2021

(in thousands)

UPB

Fair Value

UPB

Fair Value

Fannie Mae

$

4,435,689

$

64,610

$

4,056,595

$

41,698

Freddie Mac

4,502,736

68,710

4,131,904

45,017

Ginnie Mae

3,033,547

58,833

2,807,186

33,427

Total

$

11,971,972

$

192,153

$

10,995,685

$

120,142

The table below presents significant assumptions used in the valuation of residential MSRs carried at fair value.

September 30, 2022

December 31, 2021

    

Range of input
values

Weighted
Average

    

Range of input
values

Weighted
Average

Residential MSRs

Forward prepayment rate

6.0

-

8.6

%

6.2

%

8.4

-

20.9

%

9.5

%

Discount rate

9.5

-

12.0

%

10.1

%

9.0

-

11.0

%

9.4

%

Servicing expense

$70

-

$85

$74

$70

-

$85

$74

Assumptions can change between and at each reporting period as market conditions and projected interest rates change.

The table below presents the possible impact of 10% and 20% adverse changes to key assumptions on the fair value of residential MSRs.

(in thousands)

    

September 30, 2022

December 31, 2021

Residential MSRs

Prepayment rate

Impact of 10% adverse change

$

(5,564)

$

(5,262)

Impact of 20% adverse change

$

(10,845)

$

(9,262)

Discount rate

Impact of 10% adverse change

$

(8,957)

$

(4,533)

Impact of 20% adverse change

$

(17,158)

$

(8,745)

Servicing expense

Impact of 10% adverse change

$

(2,682)

$

(2,125)

Impact of 20% adverse change

$

(5,365)

$

(4,251)