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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________
Commission file number 1-13677
MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Pennsylvania |  | 25-1666413
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
2407 Park Drive Harrisburg, Pennsylvania |  | 17110
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code 1.866.642.7736
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 par value per share |  | MPB |  | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | o |  | Accelerated Filer | x |  | Emerging Growth Company | o
Non-accelerated Filer | o |  | Smaller Reporting Company | o |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x
As of April 28, 2023, the registrant had 15,907,861 shares of common stock outstanding, par value $1.00 per share.
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FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1 – Financial Statements | 4
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (Unaudited) | 4
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) | 5
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) | 6
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) | 7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) | 8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 10
Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 34
Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 47
Item 4 – Controls and Procedures | 47
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION | 49
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings | 49
Item 1A – Risk Factors | 49
Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 49
Item 3 – Defaults upon Senior Securities | 49
Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures | 49
Item 5 – Other Information | 49
Item 6 – Exhibits | 50
Signatures | 51

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "Mid Penn", "Corporation" "we", "us", and "our" refer to Mid Penn Bancorp, Inc. and its consolidated wholly-owned banking subsidiary and nonbank subsidiaries.
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GLOSSARY OF DEFINED ACRONYMS AND TERMS

2014 Plan | 2014 Restricted Stock Plan
2023 Plan | 2023 Stock Incentive Plan
ACL | Allowance for Credit Losses
AFS | Available for Sale
AOCI | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
ASC | Accounting Standards Codification
ASU | Accounting Standards Update
the Bank | Mid Penn Bank
Bank Merger | Merger of Brunswick Bank with and into Mid Penn Bank
bp or bps | basis point(s)
Brunswick | Brunswick Bancorp
Brunswick Acquisition | Merger/acquisition of Brunswick
Brunswick Bank | Brunswick Bank & Trust Company
CECL | Current Expected Credit Losses
DCF | Discounted Cash Flow
DRIP | Dividend Reinvestment Plan
FASB | Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FHLB | Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh
FICO | the Financing Corporation
FOMC | Federal Open Market Committee
FTE | Fully taxable-equivalent
HFS | Held for Sale
HTM | Held to Maturity
LDA | Loss Driver Analysis
LIHTC | Low-Income Housing Tax Credits
Loans | Loans, net of unearned interest
Management Discussion | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Merger | Merger of Brunswick with and into Mid Penn
Merger Agreement | Agreement and Plan of Merger between Mid Penn and Brunswick
Mid Penn or the Corporation | Mid Penn Bancorp, Inc.
N/M | Not meaningful
OBS | Off-Balance Sheet
OCI | Other Comprehensive Income
OTTI | Other-than-temporary impairment
PCD | Purchased Credit Deteriorated
PCL | Provision for Credit Losses - Loans
PDR | Periodic default rate
PPP | Paycheck Protection Program
Riverview | Riverview Financial Corporation
Riverview Acquisition | Merger acquisition of Riverview Financial Corporation
ROA | Return on Assets
ROE | Return on Equity
SBA | Small Business Association
SEC | Securities Exchange Commission
SOFR | Secured Overnight Financing Rate
SRC | Smaller Reporting Companies
TDR | Troubled Debt Restructuring
WSJP | Wall Street Journal Prime

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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except per share data) | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 51,158 |  |  | $ | 53,368 |
Interest-bearing balances with other financial institutions | 4,996 |  |  | 4,405 |
Federal funds sold | 6,017 |  |  | 3,108 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | 62,171 |  |  | 60,881 |
Investment securities: |  |  |
HTM, at amortized cost (fair value $352,454 and $348,505) | 396,784 |  |  | 399,494 |
AFS, at fair value | 236,609 |  |  | 237,878 |
Equity securities available for sale, at fair value | 438 |  |  | 430 |
Loans held for sale, at fair value | 2,677 |  |  | 2,475 |
Loans, net of unearned interest | 3,611,347 |  |  | 3,514,119 |
Less: ACL - Loans | (31,265) |  |  | (18,957) |
Net loans | 3,580,082 |  |  | 3,495,162 |
Premises and equipment, net | 34,191 |  |  | 34,471 |
Operating lease right of use asset | 8,414 |  |  | 8,798 |
Finance lease right of use asset | 2,862 |  |  | 2,907 |
Cash surrender value of life insurance | 50,928 |  |  | 50,674 |
Restricted investment in bank stocks | 8,041 |  |  | 8,315 |
Accrued interest receivable | 19,205 |  |  | 18,405 |
Deferred income taxes | 15,548 |  |  | 13,674 |
Goodwill | 114,231 |  |  | 114,231 |
Core deposit and other intangibles, net | 6,916 |  |  | 7,260 |
Foreclosed assets held for sale | 248 |  |  | 43 |
Other assets | 44,120 |  |  | 42,856 |
Total Assets | $ | 4,583,465 |  |  | $ | 4,497,954 |
LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand | $ | 797,038 |  |  | $ | 793,939 |
Interest-bearing transaction accounts | 2,197,216 |  |  | 2,325,847 |
Time | 883,827 |  |  | 658,545 |
Total Deposits | 3,878,081 |  |  | 3,778,331 |
Short-term borrowings | 88,000 |  |  | 102,647 |
Long-term debt | 4,316 |  |  | 4,409 |
Subordinated debt | 56,794 |  |  | 56,941 |
Operating lease liability | 9,270 |  |  | 9,725 |
Accrued interest payable | 5,809 |  |  | 2,303 |
Other liabilities | 30,402 |  |  | 31,499 |
Total Liabilities | 4,072,672 |  |  | 3,985,855 |
Shareholders' Equity: |  |  |
Common stock, par value $1.00 per share; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 16,098,354 issued at March 31, 2023 and 16,094,486 at December 31, 2022; 15,890,011 outstanding at March 31, 2023 and 15,886,143 at December 31, 2022 | 16,098 |  |  | 16,094 |
Additional paid-in capital | 387,332 |  |  | 386,987 |
Retained earnings | 129,617 |  |  | 133,114 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (17,374) |  |  | (19,216) |
Treasury stock, at cost; 208,343 shares at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | (4,880) |  |  | (4,880) |
Total Shareholders’ Equity | 510,793 |  |  | 512,099 |
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity | $ | 4,583,465 |  |  | $ | 4,497,954 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In thousands, except per share data) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
INTEREST INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, including fees | $ | 45,865 |  |  | $ | 35,016 |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | 3,874 |  |  | 1,953 |  |  |  |  |
Tax-exempt | 389 |  |  | 336 |  |  |  |  |
Other interest-bearing balances | 53 |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  |
Federal funds sold | 45 |  |  | 314 |  |  |  |  |
Total Interest Income | 50,226 |  |  | 37,632 |  |  |  |  |
INTEREST EXPENSE |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 12,001 |  |  | 2,294 |  |  |  |  |
Short-term borrowings | 1,490 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Long-term and subordinated debt | 686 |  |  | 924 |  |  |  |  |
Total Interest Expense | 14,177 |  |  | 3,218 |  |  |  |  |
Net Interest Income | 36,049 |  |  | 34,414 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for credit losses - loans | 490 |  |  | 500 |  |  |  |  |
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses - Loans | 35,559 |  |  | 33,914 |  |  |  |  |
NONINTEREST INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fiduciary and wealth management | 1,236 |  |  | 1,052 |  |  |  |  |
ATM debit card interchange | 1,056 |  |  | 1,057 |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposits | 435 |  |  | 684 |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking | 384 |  |  | 529 |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage hedging | 20 |  |  | 566 |  |  |  |  |
Net loss on sales of SBA loans | — |  |  | (9) |  |  |  |  |
Earnings from cash surrender value of life insurance | 254 |  |  | 246 |  |  |  |  |
Other | 940 |  |  | 1,625 |  |  |  |  |
Total Noninterest Income | 4,325 |  |  | 5,750 |  |  |  |  |
NONINTEREST EXPENSE |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | 13,844 |  |  | 13,244 |  |  |  |  |
Software licensing and utilization | 1,946 |  |  | 2,106 |  |  |  |  |
Occupancy, net | 1,886 |  |  | 1,799 |  |  |  |  |
Equipment | 1,251 |  |  | 1,011 |  |  |  |  |
Shares tax | 899 |  |  | 920 |  |  |  |  |
Legal and professional fees | 800 |  |  | 639 |  |  |  |  |
ATM/card processing | 493 |  |  | 517 |  |  |  |  |
Intangible amortization | 344 |  |  | 481 |  |  |  |  |
FDIC Assessment | 340 |  |  | 591 |  |  |  |  |
Gain on sale or write-down of foreclosed assets, net | — |  |  | (16) |  |  |  |  |
Merger and acquisition | 224 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Post-acquisition restructuring | — |  |  | 329 |  |  |  |  |
Other | 4,043 |  |  | 4,124 |  |  |  |  |
Total Noninterest Expense | 26,070 |  |  | 25,745 |  |  |  |  |
INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES | 13,814 |  |  | 13,919 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | 2,587 |  |  | 2,565 |  |  |  |  |
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS | $ | 11,227 |  |  | $ | 11,354 |  |  |  |  |
PER COMMON SHARE DATA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic Earnings Per Common Share | $ | 0.71 |  |  | $ | 0.71 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted Earnings Per Common Share | $ | 0.70 |  |  | $ | 0.71 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding | 15,886,186 |  |  | 15,957,864 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding | 15,931,121 |  |  | 15,977,936 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In Thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 11,227 |  |  | $ | 11,354 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period on available for sale securities, net of income tax (cost) benefit of ($526) and $1,390, respectively. (1) | 1,977 |  |  | (5,230) |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding losses arising during the period on interest rate derivatives used in cash flow hedges, net of income tax benefit of $34 and $0, respectively. (1) | (128) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Change in defined benefit plans, net of income taxes of $1 and $33, respectively (1), (2) | 5 |  |  | 127 |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification adjustment for settlement gains and activity related to benefit plans, net of income tax benefit of $3 and $0, respectively (1), (3) | (12) |  |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 1,842 |  |  | (5,104) |  |  |  |  |
Total comprehensive income | $ | 13,069 |  |  | $ | 6,250 |  |  |  |  |

(1)The income tax impacts of the components of other comprehensive income are calculated using the 21% statutory tax rate for March 31, 2023 and 2022.
(2)The change in defined benefit plans consists primarily of unrecognized actuarial gains (losses) on defined benefit plans during the period.
(3)The reclassification adjustment for benefit plans includes settlement gains, amortization of prior service costs, and amortization of net gain or loss. Amounts are included in other income on the Consolidated Statements of Income within total noninterest income. See "Note 11 – Postretirement Benefit Plans," for additional information.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total Shareholders' Equity
(In thousands, except per share data) | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance, January 1, 2023 | 16,094,486 |  |  | $ | 16,094 |  |  | $ | 386,987 |  |  | $ | 133,114 |  |  | $ | (19,216) |  |  | $ | (4,880) |  |  | $ | 512,099 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,227 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,227 |
Total other comprehensive income, net of taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,842 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,842 |
Common stock cash dividends declared - $0.20 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,176) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,176) |
Impact of adopting CECL (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,548) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,548) |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 2,217 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |
Director Stock Purchase Plan | 1,651 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43 |
Restricted stock activity | — |  |  | — |  |  | 249 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 249 |
Balance, March 31, 2023 | 16,098,354 |  |  | $ | 16,098 |  |  | $ | 387,332 |  |  | $ | 129,617 |  |  | $ | (17,374) |  |  | $ | (4,880) |  |  | $ | 510,793 |

Balance, January 1, 2022 | 16,056,282 |  |  | $ | 16,056 |  |  | $ | 384,742 |  |  | $ | 91,043 |  |  | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | (1,923) |  |  | $ | 490,076 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,354 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,354 |
Total other comprehensive loss, net of taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,104) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,104) |
Common stock cash dividends declared - $0.20 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,191) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,191) |
Riverview restricted stock adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 776 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 776 |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 1,710 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 46 |
Director Stock Purchase Plan | 1,377 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |
Restricted stock activity | — |  |  | — |  |  | 168 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 168 |
Balance, March 31, 2022 | 16,059,369 |  |  | $ | 16,059 |  |  | $ | 385,765 |  |  | $ | 99,206 |  |  | $ | (4,946) |  |  | $ | (1,923) |  |  | $ | 494,161 |

(1) The Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" effective January 1, 2023. See "Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" for further details.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022
Operating Activities: |  |  |
Net Income | $ | 11,227 |  |  | $ | 11,354 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Provision for credit losses - loans | 490 |  |  | 500 |
Depreciation | 1,202 |  |  | 966 |
Amortization of intangibles | 344 |  |  | 481 |
Net amortization of security discounts/premiums | 127 |  |  | 197 |
Noncash operating lease expense | 509 |  |  | 419 |
Amortization of finance lease right of use asset | 45 |  |  | 45 |
Earnings on cash surrender value of life insurance | (254) |  |  | (246) |
Mortgage loans originated for sale | (24,615) |  |  | (10,488) |
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans originated for sale | 24,797 |  |  | 15,057 |
Gain on sale of mortgage loans | (384) |  |  | (529) |
SBA loans originated for sale | — |  |  | (669) |
Proceeds from sales of SBA loans originated for sale | — |  |  | 721 |
Loss on sale of SBA loans | — |  |  | 9 |
Gain on sale of property, plant, and equipment | (31) |  |  | (45) |
Loss on sale of bank premises and equipment held for sale | — |  |  | 809 |
Write-off of bank premises and equipment held for sale | — |  |  | 705 |
Accretion of subordinated debt | (147) |  |  | (140) |
Stock compensation expense | 249 |  |  | 168 |
Change in deferred income tax benefit | 706 |  |  | 321 |
Increase accrued interest receivable | (800) |  |  | (256) |
Decrease (increase) in other assets | 775 |  |  | (1,749) |
Increase in accrued interest payable | 3,506 |  |  | 276 |
Decrease in operating lease liability | (580) |  |  | (555) |
Decrease in other liabilities | (4,217) |  |  | (6,438) |
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities | 12,949 |  |  | 10,913 |
Investing Activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from the maturity or call of available-for-sale securities | 3,743 |  |  | 1,478 |
Purchases of available-for-sale securities | — |  |  | (90,330) |
Proceeds from the maturity or call of held-to-maturity securities | 2,611 |  |  | 5,898 |
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities | — |  |  | (39,928) |
Stock dividends of FHLB and other bank stock | 110 |  |  | — |
Reduction of restricted investment in bank stock | 164 |  |  | 1,497 |
Net (increase) decrease in loans | (97,156) |  |  | (17,271) |
Purchases of bank premises and equipment | (922) |  |  | (1,372) |
Proceeds from the sale of premises and equipment | 31 |  |  | 71 |
Net change in investments in tax credits and other partnerships | (2,174) |  |  | (4,376) |
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities | (93,593) |  |  | (144,333) |
Financing Activities: |  |  |
Net increase (decrease) in deposits | 99,750 |  |  | (12,979) |
Common stock dividends paid | (3,176) |  |  | (3,191) |
Proceeds from Employee and Director Stock Purchase Plan stock issuance | 100 |  |  | 82 |
Riverview restricted stock (1) | — |  |  | 776 |
Net change in finance lease liability | (23) |  |  | (22) |
Net change in short-term borrowings | (14,647) |  |  | — |
Long-term debt repayment | (70) |  |  | (6,567) |
Net Cash Provided by (Used In) Financing Activities | 81,934 |  |  | (21,901) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 1,290 |  |  | (155,321) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 60,881 |  |  | 913,752 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 62,171 |  |  | $ | 758,431 |

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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information: |  |  |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 10,671 |  |  | $ | 2,942 |
Supplemental Noncash Disclosures: |  |  |
Recognition of operating lease right of use assets | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | 115 |
Recognition of operating lease liabilities | 125 |  |  | 115 |
Obsolete Riverview asset write-off | — |  |  | 705 |
Loans transferred to foreclosed assets held for sale | 205 |  |  | 125 |

(1) Additionally, 2,500 shares of restricted stock were paid out in cash resulting in $776 thousand of cash consideration relating to stock awards.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
For all periods presented, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Mid Penn Bancorp, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiary, Mid Penn Bank, and five nonbank subsidiaries, MPB Financial Services, LLC, which includes MPB Wealth Management, LLC and MPB Risk Services, LLC, MPB Launchpad Fund I, LLC and MPB Charitable Foundation Inc. As of March 31, 2023, the accounts and activities of these nonbank subsidiaries were not material to warrant separate disclosure or segment reporting. As a result, Mid Penn has only one reportable segment for financial reporting purposes. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Certain information and disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Mid Penn believes the information presented is not misleading, and the disclosures are adequate. For comparative purposes, the March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2022 balances have been reclassified, when necessary, to conform to the 2023 presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on net income or total shareholders’ equity. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for fair presentation of the periods presented have been reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the "2022 Annual Report").
Mid Penn has evaluated events and transactions occurring subsequent to the balance sheet date of March 31, 2023, for items that should potentially be recognized or disclosed in these consolidated financial statements. The evaluation was conducted through the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements.
CECL Adoption and Updated Significant Accounting Policy
On January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces the incurred loss methodology, and is referred to as CECL. The measurement of expected credit losses under CECL is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans and HTM debt securities. It also applies to OBS credit exposures (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with ASC Topic 842.
The Corporation adopted CECL using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost, net of investments in leases and OBS credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under CECL, while prior period results are reported in accordance with the previously applicable incurred loss methodology. The Corporation recorded an overall increase of $15.0 million to the ACL on January 1, 2023 as a result of the adoption of CECL. Retained earnings decreased $11.5 million and deferred tax assets increased by $3.1 million. Included in the $15.0 million increase to the ACL was $3.1 million for certain OBS credit exposures that were previously recognized in other liabilities before the adoption of CECL.
On January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Subtopic 310-40, Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, ASU 2022-02 requires entities to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of ASC Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Cost. See "Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans" for the new financial statement disclosures applicable under this update.
The updates to the significant accounting policies related to CECL are further discussed in "Note 3 - Investment Securities", "Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans" and "Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies".
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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
All other significant accounting policies used in preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements are disclosed in the Corporation’s 2022 Annual Report. Those significant accounting policies are unchanged at March 31, 2023.
Accounting Standards Pending Adoption
ASU No. 2023-02: The FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method.
The amendments in this update permit reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. A reporting entity may make an accounting policy election to apply the proportional amortization method on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than electing to apply the proportional amortization method at the reporting entity level or to individual investments. The amendments in this update also remove certain guidance for Qualified Affordable Housing Project investments and require the application of the delayed equity contribution guidance to all tax equity investments. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and must be applied on either a modified retrospective or a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period, however if adopted in an interim period the entity shall adopt the amendments in this update as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes the interim period. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2023-02 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Note 2 - Business Combination
Brunswick Acquisition
On December 20, 2022, Mid Penn entered into a Merger Agreement with Brunswick pursuant to which Brunswick will be merged with and into Mid Penn bank with Mid Penn being the surviving corporation in the Merger. Immediately following consummation of the Merger, Brunswick Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brunswick, will be merged with and into Mid Penn Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mid Penn, with Mid Penn Bank being the surviving bank in the Bank Merger. The Merger Agreement was approved by the boards of directors and shareholders of Mid Penn and Brunswick. See "Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022," for additional details.
Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, shareholders of Brunswick will have the right to elect to receive, subject to adjustment and proration as described in the Merger Agreement, either (A) 0.598 shares of Mid Penn common stock or (B) Eighteen Dollars ($18.00) for each share of Brunswick common stock they own. On April 25, 2023, Mid Penn and Brunswick issued a joint press release announcing the receipt of all bank regulatory and shareholder approvals required to consummate the merger of Brunswick into Mid Penn. The transaction is expected to close in May 2023.
Note 3 - Investment Securities
FASB ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," was adopted by Mid Penn on January 1, 2023. ASU 2016-13 introduces the CECL methodology for estimating allowances for credit losses. ASU 2016-13 applies to all financial instruments carried at amortized cost, including HTM securities, and makes targeted improvements to the accounting for credit losses on AFS securities.
In order to comply with ASU 2016-13, Mid Penn conducted a review of its investment portfolio and determined that for certain classes of securities it would be appropriate to assume the expected credit loss to be zero. This zero-credit loss assumption applies to debt issuances of the U.S. Treasury and agencies and instrumentalities of the United States government. The reasons behind the adoption of the zero-credit loss assumption are as follows:
•High credit rating
•Long history with no credit losses
•Guaranteed by a sovereign entity
•Widely recognized as "risk-free rate"
•Can print its own currency
•Currency is routinely held by central banks, used in international commerce, and commonly viewed as reserve currency
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•Currently under the U.S. Government conservatorship or receivership
Mid Penn will continuously monitor any changes in economic conditions, credit downgrades, changes to explicit or implicit guarantees granted to certain debt issuers, and any other relevant information that would indicate potential credit deterioration and prompt Mid Penn to reconsider its zero-credit loss assumption.
At the date of adoption, Mid Penn’s estimated allowance for credit losses on AFS and HTM securities under ASU 2016-13 was deemed immaterial due to the composition of these portfolios. Both portfolios consist primarily of U.S. government agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities for which the risk of loss is minimal. Therefore, Mid Penn did not recognize a cumulative effect adjustment through retained earnings related to the AFS and HTM securities.
AFS Securities
ASU 2016-13 makes targeted improvements to the accounting for credit losses on AFS securities. The concept of other-than-temporarily impaired has been replaced with the allowance for credit losses. Unlike HTM securities, AFS securities are evaluated on an individual level and pooling of securities is not allowed.
Quarterly, Mid Penn evaluates if any security has a fair value less than its amortized cost. Once these securities are identified, in order to determine whether a decline in fair value resulted from a credit loss or other factors, Mid Penn performs further analysis as outlined below:
•Review the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost and observe the security’s lowest credit rating as reported by third-party credit ratings companies.
•The securities that violate the credit loss triggers above would be subjected to additional analysis that may include, but is not limited to: changes in market interest rates, changes in securities credit ratings, security type, service area economic factors, financial performance of the issuer/or obligor of the underlying issue and third-party guarantee.
•If Mid Penn determines that a credit loss exists, the credit portion of the allowance will be measured using a DCF analysis using the effective interest rate as of the security’s purchase date. The amount of credit loss Mid Penn records will be limited to the amount by which the amortized cost exceeds the fair value.
The DCF analysis utilizes contractual maturities, as well as third-party credit ratings and cumulative default rates published annually by a reputable third-party.
At March 31, 2023, the results of the analysis did not identify any securities that violate the credit loss triggers; therefore, no DCF analysis was performed and no credit loss was recognized on any of the securities available for sale.
Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses for AFS securities. At March 31, 2023, accrued interest receivable totaled $1.0 million for AFS securities and was reported in other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet.
HTM Securities
ASU 2016-13 requires institutions to measure expected credit losses on financial assets carried at amortized cost on a collective or pool basis when similar risks exist. Mid Penn uses several levels of segmentation in order to measure expected credit losses:
•The portfolio is segmented into agency and non-agency securities.
•The non-agency securities are separated into state and political subdivision obligations and corporate debt securities.
Each individual segment is categorized by third-party credit ratings.
As discussed above, Mid Penn has determined that for certain classes of securities it would be appropriate to assume the expected credit loss to be zero, which include debt issuances of the U.S. Treasury and agencies and instrumentalities of the United States government. This assumption will be reviewed and attested to quarterly.
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At March 31, 2023, Mid Penn’s HTM securities totaled $396.8 million. After applying appropriate probability of default and loss given default assumptions, the total amount of current expected credit losses was deemed immaterial. Therefore, no reserve was recorded at March 31, 2023.
Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses for HTM securities. At March 31, 2023, accrued interest receivable totaled $2.2 million for HTM securities and was reported in other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet.
At March 31, 2023, Mid Penn had no HTM securities that were past due 30 days or more as to principal or interest payments. Mid Penn had no HTM securities classified as nonaccrual at March 31, 2023.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities for the periods presented:

| March 31, 2023
(In thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | $ | 36,554 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,304 |  |  | $ | 35,250 |
Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies | 182,196 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,592 |  |  | 165,604 |
State and political subdivision obligations | 4,349 |  |  | — |  |  | 652 |  |  | 3,697 |
Corporate debt securities | 35,471 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,413 |  |  | 32,058 |
Total available-for-sale debt securities | 258,570 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,961 |  |  | 236,609 |
Held-to-maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | $ | 245,703 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,853 |  |  | $ | 214,850 |
Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies | 49,050 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,061 |  |  | 42,989 |
State and political subdivision obligations | 87,048 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 6,324 |  |  | 80,757 |
Corporate debt securities | 14,983 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,125 |  |  | 13,858 |
Total held-to-maturity debt securities | 396,784 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 44,363 |  |  | 352,454 |
Total | $ | 655,354 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 66,324 |  |  | $ | 589,063 |

| December 31, 2022
(In thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | $ | 36,528 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,614 |  |  | $ | 34,914 |
Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies | 185,993 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,078 |  |  | 166,915 |
State and political subdivision obligations | 4,354 |  |  | — |  |  | 815 |  |  | 3,539 |
Corporate debt securities | 35,467 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,957 |  |  | 32,510 |
Total available-for-sale debt securities | $ | 262,342 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24,464 |  |  | $ | 237,878 |
Held-to-maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | $ | 245,671 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,834 |  |  | $ | 210,837 |
Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies | 50,710 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,676 |  |  | 44,034 |
State and political subdivision obligations | 87,125 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,345 |  |  | 78,780 |
Corporate debt securities | 15,988 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,134 |  |  | 14,854 |
Total held-to-maturity debt securities | 399,494 |  |  | — |  |  | 50,989 |  |  | 348,505 |
Total | $ | 661,836 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 75,453 |  |  | $ | 586,383 |

Estimated fair values of debt securities are based on quoted market prices, where applicable. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of instruments of a similar type, credit quality and structure,
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adjusted for differences between the quoted instruments and the instruments being valued. See "Note 7 - Fair Value Measurement," for additional information.
Investment securities having a fair value of $376.2 million at March 31, 2023 and $338.8 million at December 31, 2022 were pledged to secure public deposits, some Trust department deposit accounts, and certain other borrowings. In accordance with legal provisions for alternatives other than pledging of investments, Mid Penn also obtains letters of credit from the FHLB to secure certain public deposits. These FHLB letter of credit commitments totaled $183.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and $189.0 million as of December 31, 2022.
The following tables present gross unrealized losses and fair value of debt investment securities aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for the periods presented:

(Dollars in thousands) | Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
March 31, 2023 | Number of Securities |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Number of Securities |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Number of Securities |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | 15 |  | $ | 28,440 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | 4 |  | $ | 6,810 |  |  | $ | 689 |  |  | 19 |  | $ | 35,250 |  |  | $ | 1,304 |
Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies | 35 |  | 77,144 |  |  | 2,903 |  |  | 58 |  | 88,460 |  |  | 13,689 |  |  | 93 |  | 165,604 |  |  | 16,592 |
State and political subdivision obligations | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  | 3,697 |  |  | 652 |  |  | 8 |  | 3,697 |  |  | 652 |
Corporate debt securities | 9 |  | 17,768 |  |  | 1,452 |  |  | 7 |  | 11,040 |  |  | 1,961 |  |  | 16 |  | 28,808 |  |  | 3,413 |
Total available-for-sale debt securities | 59 |  | $ | 123,352 |  |  | $ | 4,970 |  |  | 77 |  | $ | 110,007 |  |  | $ | 16,991 |  |  | 136 |  | $ | 233,359 |  |  | $ | 21,961 |
Held-to-maturity debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | 23 |  | 38,341 |  |  | 1,272 |  |  | 122 |  | 176,509 |  |  | 29,581 |  |  | 145 |  | 214,850 |  |  | 30,853 |
Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies | 5 |  | 875 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 59 |  | 42,114 |  |  | 6,028 |  |  | 64 |  | 42,989 |  |  | 6,061 |
State and political subdivision obligations | 73 |  | 26,077 |  |  | 576 |  |  | 114 |  | 48,360 |  |  | 5,748 |  |  | 187 |  | 74,437 |  |  | 6,324 |
Corporate debt securities | 2 |  | 2,760 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 6 |  | 7,149 |  |  | 893 |  |  | 8 |  | 9,909 |  |  | 1,125 |
Total held-to-maturity debt securities | 103 |  | 68,053 |  |  | 2,113 |  |  | 301 |  | 274,132 |  |  | 42,250 |  |  | 404 |  | 342,185 |  |  | 44,363 |
Total | 162 |  | $ | 191,405 |  |  | $ | 7,083 |  |  | 378 |  | $ | 384,139 |  |  | $ | 59,241 |  |  | 540 |  | $ | 575,544 |  |  | $ | 66,324 |

(Dollars in thousands) | Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
December 31, 2022 | Number of Securities |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Number of Securities |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Number of Securities |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | 19 |  | $ | 34,914 |  |  | $ | 1,614 |  |  | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 19 |  | $ | 34,914 |  |  | $ | 1,614 |
Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies | 69 |  | 131,879 |  |  | 11,876 |  |  | 24 |  | 35,036 |  |  | 7,202 |  |  | 93 |  | 166,915 |  |  | 19,078 |
State and political subdivision obligations | 6 |  | 2,521 |  |  | 671 |  |  | 2 |  | 1,018 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 8 |  | 3,539 |  |  | 815 |
Corporate debt securities | 12 |  | 25,063 |  |  | 2,153 |  |  | 4 |  | 4,196 |  |  | 804 |  |  | 16 |  | 29,259 |  |  | 2,957 |
Total available-for-sale securities | 106 |  | 194,377 |  |  | 16,314 |  |  | 30 |  | 40,250 |  |  | 8,150 |  |  | 136 |  | 234,627 |  |  | 24,464 |
Held-to-maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | 54 |  | $ | 84,946 |  |  | $ | 10,093 |  |  | 91 |  | $ | 125,891 |  |  | $ | 24,741 |  |  | 145 |  | $ | 210,837 |  |  | $ | 34,834 |
Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies | 40 |  | 13,866 |  |  | 1,071 |  |  | 24 |  | 30,168 |  |  | 5,605 |  |  | 64 |  | 44,034 |  |  | 6,676 |
State and political subdivision obligations | 185 |  | 73,735 |  |  | 7,413 |  |  | 18 |  | 4,616 |  |  | 932 |  |  | 203 |  | 78,351 |  |  | 8,345 |
Corporate debt securities | 4 |  | 5,721 |  |  | 317 |  |  | 5 |  | 5,182 |  |  | 817 |  |  | 9 |  | 10,903 |  |  | 1,134 |
Total held to maturity securities | 283 |  | 178,268 |  |  | 18,894 |  |  | 138 |  | 165,857 |  |  | 32,095 |  |  | 421 |  | 344,125 |  |  | 50,989 |
Total | 389 |  | $ | 372,645 |  |  | $ | 35,208 |  |  | 168 |  | $ | 206,107 |  |  | $ | 40,245 |  |  | 557 |  | $ | 578,752 |  |  | $ | 75,453 |

There were no gross realized gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale debt securities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

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The table below illustrates the contractual maturity of debt investment securities at amortized cost and estimated fair value. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay with or without call or prepayment penalties.

(In thousands) | Available-for-sale |  | Held-to-maturity
March 31, 2023 | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Due in 1 year or less | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 3,339 |  |  | $ | 3,322 |
Due after 1 year but within 5 years | 42,815 |  |  | 41,209 |  |  | 92,148 |  |  | 87,515 |
Due after 5 years but within 10 years | 30,444 |  |  | 27,141 |  |  | 210,891 |  |  | 183,926 |
Due after 10 years | 2,865 |  |  | 2,405 |  |  | 41,356 |  |  | 34,702 |
| 76,374 |  |  | 71,005 |  |  | 347,734 |  |  | 309,465 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 182,196 |  |  | 165,604 |  |  | 49,050 |  |  | 42,989 |
| $ | 258,570 |  |  | $ | 236,609 |  |  | $ | 396,784 |  |  | $ | 352,454 |

Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans
Mid Penn adopted the amendments of FASB ASU 2016-13, on January 1, 2023. The amendments of ASU 2016-13 created FASB ASC Topic 326, "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses," which, among other things, replace much of the guidance and disclosures previously provided in FASB ASC Topic 310, "Receivables." The guidance in FASB ASC Topic 326 replaces the incurred loss methodology with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to determine credit losses. In accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic 326-20, "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measured at Amortized Cost," Mid Penn has developed an ACL methodology effective January 1, 2023, which replaces its previous allowance for loan losses methodology. See the section captioned "Allowance for Credit Losses, effective January 1, 2023" within this note for additional information regarding Mid Penn’s ACL. Mid Penn adopted FASB ASC Topic 326 using the modified retrospective approach prescribed by the amendments of ASU 2016-13; therefore, prior period balances are presented under legacy GAAP and may not be comparable to current period presentation.
Loans, net of unearned income, are summarized as follows by portfolio segment:

(In thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate (1) | $ | 1,899,168 |  |  | $ | 2,052,934 |
Commercial and industrial | 605,610 |  |  | 596,042 |
Construction | 486,172 |  |  | 441,246 |
Residential mortgage (1) | 612,427 |  |  | 416,221 |
Consumer | 7,970 |  |  | 7,676 |
Total loans | $ | 3,611,347 |  |  | $ | 3,514,119 |

(1) In accordance with the guidance in FASB ASC Topic 326, Mid Penn redefined its loan portfolio segments and related loan classes based on the level at which risk is monitored within the ACL methodology. As such, $181.9 million of loans were reclassified from Commercial real estate to Residential mortgage upon adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023. Prior periods were not reclassified.
Total loans are stated at the amount of unpaid principle, adjusted for net deferred fees and costs. Net deferred loan fees of $4.1 million and $3.9 million reduced the carrying value of loans as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Accrued interest receivable is not included in the amortized cost basis of Mid Penn's loans. At March 31, 2023, accrued interest receivable for loans totaled $15.9 million with no related ACL and was reported in other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet.
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Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans
The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is also monitored by analyzing the age of the loans receivable as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past due status as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, are summarized as follows:

(In thousands) | 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | Greater than 90 Days |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total Loans |  | Loans Receivable > 90 Days and Accruing
March 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 1,849 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 3,000 |  |  | $ | 4,909 |  |  | $ | 1,894,259 |  |  | $ | 1,899,168 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial and industrial | 616 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 1,434 |  |  | 2,198 |  |  | 603,412 |  |  | 605,610 |  |  | — |
Construction | 1,580 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,257 |  |  | 3,837 |  |  | 482,335 |  |  | 486,172 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage | 3,367 |  |  | 125 |  |  | 1,959 |  |  | 5,451 |  |  | 606,976 |  |  | 612,427 |  |  | 7 |
Consumer | 40 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | 7,929 |  |  | 7,970 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 7,452 |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | 8,650 |  |  | $ | 16,436 |  |  | $ | 3,594,911 |  |  | $ | 3,611,347 |  |  | $ | 7 |

(In thousands) | 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | Greater than 90 Days |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total Loans |  | Loans Receivable > 90 Days and Accruing
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 1,792 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,438 |  |  | $ | 3,230 |  |  | $ | 2,047,167 |  |  | $ | 2,050,397 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial and industrial | 1,808 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1,854 |  |  | 3,665 |  |  | 592,377 |  |  | 596,042 |  |  | 654 |
Construction | 2,258 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,258 |  |  | 438,988 |  |  | 441,246 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage | 3,826 |  |  | 955 |  |  | 670 |  |  | 5,451 |  |  | 409,630 |  |  | 415,081 |  |  | — |
Consumer | 44 |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 63 |  |  | 7,613 |  |  | 7,676 |  |  | — |
Loans acquired with credit deterioration: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | 78 |  |  | — |  |  | 826 |  |  | 904 |  |  | 1,633 |  |  | 2,537 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage | 223 |  |  | 228 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 692 |  |  | 448 |  |  | 1,140 |  |  | — |
Consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 10,029 |  |  | $ | 1,205 |  |  | $ | 5,029 |  |  | $ | 16,263 |  |  | $ | 3,497,856 |  |  | $ | 3,514,119 |  |  | $ | 654 |

Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management determines that the full repayment of principal and collection of interest according to contractual terms in no longer likely, generally when the loan becomes 90 days or more past due. Nonaccrual loans by loan portfolio class, including loans acquired with credit deterioration, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows:

|  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
|  | Non-accrual Loans |  | Total non-accrual Loans
(In thousands) |  | With a Related Allowance |  | Without a Related Allowance |  | Total |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | 462 |  |  | $ | 6,202 |  |  | $ | 6,664 |  |  | $ | 4,864 |
Commercial and industrial |  | 1,241 |  |  | 193 |  |  | 1,434 |  |  | 1,222 |
Construction |  | — |  |  | 2,257 |  |  | 2,257 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage |  | 96 |  |  | 2,812 |  |  | 2,908 |  |  | 1,698 |
Consumer |  | — |  |  | 262 |  |  | 262 |  |  | 411 |
|  | $ | 1,799 |  |  | $ | 11,726 |  |  | $ | 13,525 |  |  | $ | 8,195 |

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The amount of interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was approximately $182 thousand and $257 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Credit Quality Indicators
Mid Penn categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. On a minimum of a quarterly basis, Mid Penn analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to their credit risk. The following table present risk ratings by loan portfolio segment and origination year, which is the year of origination or renewal.
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| March 31, 2023
| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Prior |  |  | Total
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 68,074 |  |  | $ | 500,219 |  |  | $ | 287,476 |  |  | $ | 279,492 |  |  | $ | 185,711 |  |  | $ | 521,638 |  |  | $ | 28,383 |  |  | $ | 1,870,993 |
Special mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,952 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,952 |
Substandard or lower | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,148 |  |  | 988 |  |  | 16,794 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 19,223 |
Total commercial real estate | 68,074 |  |  | 500,219 |  |  | 287,476 |  |  | 280,640 |  |  | 186,699 |  |  | 547,384 |  |  | 28,676 |  |  | 1,899,168 |
Gross charge offs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16) |  |  | — |  |  | (16) |
Net charge offs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16) |  |  | — |  |  | (16) |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 43,415 |  |  | 120,182 |  |  | 91,301 |  |  | 42,947 |  |  | 54,784 |  |  | 65,984 |  |  | 171,458 |  |  | 590,071 |
Special mention | — |  |  | 352 |  |  | 43 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,366 |  |  | 3,630 |  |  | 6,391 |
Substandard or lower | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,122 |  |  | 1,931 |  |  | 1,095 |  |  | 9,148 |
Total commercial and industrial | 43,415 |  |  | 120,534 |  |  | 91,344 |  |  | 42,947 |  |  | 60,906 |  |  | 70,281 |  |  | 176,183 |  |  | 605,610 |
Gross charge offs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (111) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (111) |
Net charge offs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (111) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (111) |
Construction |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 24,152 |  |  | 185,866 |  |  | 164,384 |  |  | 49,764 |  |  | 11,076 |  |  | 21,531 |  |  | 27,143 |  |  | 483,916 |
Special mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard or lower | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,256 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,256 |
Total construction | 24,152 |  |  | 185,866 |  |  | 164,384 |  |  | 49,764 |  |  | 11,076 |  |  | 23,787 |  |  | 27,143 |  |  | 486,172 |
Residential mortgage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | 33,493 |  |  | 123,202 |  |  | 75,607 |  |  | 81,379 |  |  | 23,143 |  |  | 196,827 |  |  | 75,607 |  |  | 609,258 |
Non-performing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 211 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,942 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 3,169 |
Total residential mortgage | 33,493 |  |  | 123,202 |  |  | 75,607 |  |  | 81,590 |  |  | 23,143 |  |  | 199,769 |  |  | 75,623 |  |  | 612,427 |
Gross charge offs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |
Current period recoveries | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |
Net recoveries | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |
Consumer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | 342 |  |  | 1,160 |  |  | 982 |  |  | 449 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 1,221 |  |  | 3,489 |  |  | 7,970 |
Non-performing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total consumer | 342 |  |  | 1,160 |  |  | 982 |  |  | 449 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 1,221 |  |  | 3,489 |  |  | 7,970 |
Gross charge offs | (16) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19) |
Current period recoveries | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Net charge offs | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12) |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 135,641 |  |  | $ | 806,267 |  |  | $ | 543,161 |  |  | $ | 372,203 |  |  | $ | 251,571 |  |  | $ | 609,153 |  |  | $ | 226,984 |  |  | $ | 2,944,980 |
Special mention | — |  |  | 352 |  |  | 43 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,318 |  |  | 3,630 |  |  | 15,343 |
Substandard or lower | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,148 |  |  | 7,110 |  |  | 20,981 |  |  | 1,388 |  |  | 30,627 |
Performing | 33,835 |  |  | 124,362 |  |  | 76,589 |  |  | 81,828 |  |  | 23,470 |  |  | 198,048 |  |  | 79,096 |  |  | 617,228 |
Nonperforming | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 211 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,942 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 3,169 |
Total | $ | 169,476 |  |  | $ | 930,981 |  |  | $ | 619,793 |  |  | $ | 455,390 |  |  | $ | 282,151 |  |  | $ | 842,442 |  |  | $ | 311,114 |  |  | $ | 3,611,347 |

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Mid Penn had no loans classified as "doubtful" as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Collateral-Dependent Loans
A financial asset is considered to be collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. For all classes of financial assets deemed collateral-dependent, the Corporation elected the practical expedient to estimate expected credit losses based on the collateral’s fair value less cost to sell. In most cases, the Corporation records a partial charge-off to reduce the loan’s carrying value to the collateral’s fair value less cost to sell. Substantially all of the collateral supporting collateral-dependent financial assets consists of various types of real estate, including residential properties; commercial properties such as retail centers, office buildings, and lodging; agriculture land; and vacant land.
Allowance for Credit Losses, effective January 1, 2023
Mid Penn’s ACL - loans methodology is based upon guidance within FASB ASC Subtopic 326-20, as well as regulatory guidance from its the FDIC, primary federal regulator. The ACL - loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Credit quality within the loan portfolio is continuously monitored by management and is reflected within the ACL - loans. The ACL - loans is an estimate of expected losses inherent within Mid Penn’s existing loan portfolio. The ACL - loans is adjusted through the PCL and reduced by the charge off of loan amounts, net of recoveries.
The loan loss estimation process involves procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of Mid Penn’s loan portfolio segments. When computing allowance levels, credit loss assumptions are estimated using a model that categorizes loan pools based on loss history and other credit trends and risk characteristics, including current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. Evaluations of the portfolio and individual credits are inherently subjective, as they require estimates, assumptions and judgments as to the facts and circumstances of particular situations. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgement by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. In future periods, evaluations of the overall loan portfolio, in light of the factors and forecasts then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the ACL and credit loss expense.
Mid Penn estimates the ACL using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Mid Penn uses a third-party software application to calculate the quantitative portion of the ACL using a methodology and assumptions specific to each loan pool. The qualitative portion of the allowance is based on general economic conditions and other internal and external factors affecting Mid Penn as a whole, as well as specific loans. Factors considered include the following: lending process, concentrations of credit, and credit quality. The quantitative and qualitative portions of the allowance are added together to determine the total ACL, which reflects management’s expectations of future conditions based on reasonable and supportable forecasts.
The methodology for estimating the amount of expected credit losses reported in the ACL has two basic components: a collective, or pooled, component for estimated expected credit losses for pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics, and an asset-specific component involving individual loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans and the measurement of expected credit losses for such individual loans. In estimating the ACL for the collective component, loans are segregated into loan pools based on loan purpose codes and similar risk characteristics.
The commercial real estate and residential mortgage loan portfolio segments include loans for both commercial and residential properties that are secured by real estate. The underwriting process for these loans includes analysis of the financial position and strength of both the borrower and, if applicable, guarantor, experience with similar projects in the past, market demand and prospects for successful completion of the proposed project within the established budget and schedule, values of underlying collateral, availability of permanent financing, maximum loan-to-value ratios, minimum equity requirements, acceptable amortization periods and minimum debt service coverage requirements, based on property type. The borrower’s financial strength and capacity to repay their obligations remain the primary focus of underwriting. Financial strength is evaluated based upon analytical tools that consider historical and projected cash flows and performance in addition to analysis of the proposed project for income-producing properties. Additional support offered by guarantors is also considered when applicable. Ultimate repayment of these loans is sensitive to interest rate changes, general economic conditions, liquidity and availability of long-term financing.
The commercial and industrial loan portfolio segment includes commercial loans made to many types of businesses for various purposes, such as short-term working capital loans that are usually secured by accounts receivable and inventory, equipment and fixed asset purchases that are secured by those assets and term financing for those within Mid Penn’s
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geographic markets. Mid Penn’s credit underwriting process for commercial and industrial loans includes analysis of historical and projected cash flows and performance, evaluation of financial strength of both borrowers and guarantors as reflected in current and detailed financial information and evaluation of underlying collateral to support the credit.
The consumer loan portfolio segment is comprised of loans which are underwritten after evaluating a borrower’s capacity, credit and collateral. Several factors are considered when assessing a borrower’s capacity, including the borrower’s employment, income, current debt, assets and level of equity in the property. Credit is assessed using a credit report that provides credit scores and the borrower’s current and past information about their credit history. Loan-to-value and debt-to-income ratios, loan amount and lien position are also considered in assessing whether to originate a loan. These borrowers are particularly susceptible to downturns in economic trends, such as conditions that negatively affect housing prices and demand and levels of unemployment.
Mid Penn utilizes a DCF method to estimate the quantitative portion of the allowance for credit losses for loan pools. The DCF is based off of historical losses, including peer data, which is correlated to national unemployment and GDP.
The PD and LGD measures are used in conjunction with prepayment data as inputs into the DCF model to calculate the cash flows at the individual loan level. Contractual cash flows based on loan terms are adjusted for PD, LGD and prepayments to derive loss cash flows. These loss cash flows are discounted by the loan’s coupon rate to arrive at the discounted cash flow based quantitative loss. The prepayment studies are updated quarterly by a third-party for each applicable pool.
Mid Penn determined that reasonable and supportable forecasts could be made for a twelve-month period for all of its loan pools. To the extent the lives of the loans in the LHFI portfolio extend beyond this forecast period, Mid Penn uses a reversion period of four quarters and reverts to the historical mean on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the loans.
Qualitative factors used in the ACL methodology include the following:
•Lending process
•Concentrations of credit
•Credit Quality
The ACL for individual loans, such as non-accrual and PCD, that do not share risk characteristics with other loans is measured as the difference between the discounted value of expected future cash flows, based on the effective interest rate at origination, and the amortized cost basis of the loan, or the net realizable value. The ACL is the difference between the loan’s net realizable value and its amortized cost basis (net of previous charge-offs and deferred loan fees and costs), except for collateral-dependent loans. A loan is collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment of the loan is expected to be provided substantially through the sale of the collateral. The expected credit loss for collateral-dependent loans is measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the collateral, adjusted for the estimated cost to sell. Fair value estimates for collateral-dependent loans are derived from appraised values based on the current market value or the "as is" value of the collateral, normally from recently received and reviewed appraisals. Current appraisals are ordered on a regular basis based on the inspection date or more often if market conditions necessitate. Appraisals are obtained from state-certified appraisers and are based on certain assumptions, which may include construction or development status and the highest and best use of the property. These appraisals are reviewed by Mid Penn’s Appraisal Review Department to ensure they are acceptable, and values are adjusted down for costs associated with asset disposal. If the calculated expected credit loss is determined to be permanent or not recoverable, the amount of the expected credit loss is charged off.
Mid Penn may also purchase loans or acquire loans through a business combination. At the purchase or acquisition date, loans are evaluated to determine whether there has been more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination. Loans that have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination are referred to as PCD loans. In its evaluation of whether a loan has experienced more than insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, Mid Penn takes into consideration loan grades, past due and nonaccrual status. The Corporation may also consider external credit rating agency ratings for borrowers and for non-commercial loans, FICO score or band, probability of default levels, and number of times past due. At the purchase or acquisition date, the amortized cost basis of PCD loans is equal to the purchase price and an initial estimate of credit losses. The initial recognition of expected credit losses on PCD loans has no impact on net income. When the initial measurement of expected credit losses on PCD loans is calculated on a pooled loan basis, the expected credit losses are allocated to each loan within the pool. Any difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the unpaid principal balance of the loan represents a noncredit discount or premium, which is accreted (or
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amortized) into interest income over the life of the loan. Subsequent changes to the ACL on PCD loans are recorded through the PCL. For purchased loans that are not deemed to have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination and are therefore not deemed PCD, any discounts or premiums included in the purchase price are accreted (or amortized) over the contractual life of the individual loan.
Loans are charged off against the ACL, with any subsequent recoveries credited back to the ACL account. Expected recoveries may not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged off.
The following table presents the activity in the ACL - loans by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

(In thousands) |  | Commercial real estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Construction |  | Residential mortgage |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 13,142 |  |  | $ | 4,593 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,319 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | (126) |  |  | $ | 18,957 |
Impact of adopting CECL |  | 288 |  |  | 6,600 |  |  | 3,201 |  |  | 1,562 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 11,931 |
Loans charged off |  | (16) |  |  | (111) |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | (19) |  |  | — |  |  | (150) |
Recoveries |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |
Net loans (charged off) recovered |  | (16) |  |  | (111) |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | (113) |
Provision for credit losses |  | (102) |  |  | 187 |  |  | 430 |  |  | (33) |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 490 |
Balance at March 31, 2023 |  | $ | 13,312 |  |  | $ | 11,269 |  |  | $ | 3,631 |  |  | $ | 2,874 |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31,265 |

The following table presents the ACL for loans and the amortized cost basis of the loans by the measurement methodology used as of March 31, 2023:

(In thousands) | ACL - Loans |  |  |  | Loans |  |
March 31, 2023 | Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss |  | Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss |  | Total ACL - Loans |  | Collectively Evaluated for Credit Loss |  | Individually Evaluated for Credit Loss |  | Total Loans
Commercial Real Estate | $ | 13,175 |  |  | $ | 137 |  |  | $ | 13,312 |  |  | $ | 1,892,504 |  |  | $ | 6,664 |  |  | $ | 1,899,168 |
Commercial & Industrial | 10,587 |  |  | 682 |  |  | 11,269 |  |  | 604,176 |  |  | 1,434 |  |  | 605,610 |
Construction | 3,631 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,631 |  |  | 483,916 |  |  | 2,256 |  |  | 486,172 |
Residential Mortgage | 2,868 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2,874 |  |  | 608,872 |  |  | 3,555 |  |  | 612,427 |
Consumer | 179 |  |  | — |  |  | 179 |  |  | 7,970 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,970 |
Total | $ | 30,440 |  |  | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | 31,265 |  |  | $ | 3,597,438 |  |  | $ | 13,909 |  |  | $ | 3,611,347 |

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Allowance for Credit Losses, prior to January 1, 2023
The following table summarizes the allowance and recorded investments in loans receivable:

(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As of, and for the three months ended, March 31, 2022 |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Commercial and industrial |  | Construction |  | Residential mortgage |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
January 1, 2022 |  | $ | 9,415 |  |  | $ | 3,439 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 1,019 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 684 |  |  | $ | 14,597 |
Charge-offs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (57) |  |  | — |  |  | (57) |
Recoveries |  | 65 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 107 |
Provisions |  | 511 |  |  | 359 |  |  | (21) |  |  | 25 |  |  | 53 |  |  | (427) |  |  | 500 |
Ending balance, March 31, 2022 |  | 9,991 |  |  | 3,811 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 1,045 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 15,147 |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | 114 |  |  | 75 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 189 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 9,877 |  |  | $ | 3,736 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 1,045 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 14,958 |
Loans Receivable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending Balance |  | $ | 1,722,668 |  |  | $ | 586,444 |  |  | $ | 382,131 |  |  | $ | 418,830 |  |  | $ | 11,458 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,121,531 |
Individually Evaluated for impairment |  | 1,101 |  |  | 523 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,437 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,061 |
Acquired with credit deterioration |  | 2,109 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,221 |  |  | 1,370 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,700 |
|  | $ | 1,719,458 |  |  | $ | 585,921 |  |  | $ | 380,910 |  |  | $ | 416,023 |  |  | $ | 11,458 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,113,770 |

The information presented in the designated internal risk categories by portfolio segment table presented above is not required for periods prior to the adoption of CECL. The following table presents the most comparable required information for the prior period, internal credit risk ratings, for the indicated loan portfolio segments as of December 31, 2022:

(In thousands) |  | Pass |  | Special Mention |  | Substandard |  | Total
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | 2,018,088 |  |  | $ | 12,325 |  |  | $ | 22,521 |  |  | $ | 2,052,934 |
Commercial and industrial |  | 582,540 |  |  | 4,212 |  |  | 9,290 |  |  | 596,042 |
Construction |  | 438,990 |  |  | 2,256 |  |  | — |  |  | 441,246 |
Residential mortgage |  | 409,259 |  |  | 3,104 |  |  | 3,858 |  |  | 416,221 |
Consumer |  | 7,676 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,676 |
Total loans |  | $ | 3,456,553 |  |  | $ | 21,897 |  |  | $ | 35,669 |  |  | $ | 3,514,119 |

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
From time to time, we may modify certain loans to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. In some cases, these modifications may result in new loans. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension, or a combination thereof, among other things.
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Information as of or for the three months ended March 31, 2023 related to loans modified (by type of modification) in the preceding twelve months, respectively, whereby the borrower was experiencing financial difficulty at the time of modification, is set forth in the following table:

(In thousands) | Interest Only |  | Combination: Interest Only and Term Extension
March 31, 2023 |
Commercial real estate | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 180 |
| $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 180 |

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments
The Corporation manages its exposure to certain interest rate risks through the use of derivatives, however, none are entered into for speculative purposes. During the first quarter of March 31, 2023, Mid Penn entered into outstanding derivative contracts designated as hedges. As of and December 31, 2022, Mid Penn did not designate any derivative financial instruments as formal hedging relationships. Mid Penn’s free-standing derivative financial instruments are required to be carried at their fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Mortgage Banking Derivative Financial Instruments
In connection with its mortgage banking activities, Mid Penn enters into commitments to originate certain fixed-rate residential mortgage loans for customers, also referred to as interest rate locks. In addition, Mid Penn enters into forward commitments for the future sales or purchases of mortgage-backed securities to or from third-party counterparties to hedge the effect of changes in interest rates on the values of both the interest rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale. Forward sales commitments may also be in the form of commitments to sell individual mortgage loans at a fixed price at a future date. The amount necessary to settle each interest rate lock is based on the price that secondary market investors would pay for loans with similar characteristics, including interest rate and term, as of the date fair value is measured.
Loan-level Interest Rate Swaps
Mid Penn enters into loan-level interest rate swaps with certain qualifying, creditworthy commercial loan customers to meet their interest rate risk management needs. Mid Penn simultaneously enters into parallel interest rate swaps with dealer counterparties, with identical notional amounts and terms. The net result of the offsetting customer and dealer counterparty swap agreements is that the customer pays a fixed rate of interest and Mid Penn receives a floating rate. Mid Penn’s loan-level interest rate swaps are considered derivatives, but are not accounted for using hedge accounting.
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The Corporation’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to reduce volatility in net interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Corporation primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. During the first quarter of 2023, the Corporation entered into interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges to hedge the cash flows associated with existing brokered CDs.
For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the unrealized gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in AOCI and subsequently reclassified into interest income in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in AOCI related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest income as interest payments are made on the Corporation’s variable-rate liabilities. During the next twelve months, the Corporation estimates that an additional $919 thousand will be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense.
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The following table presents a summary of the notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments:

| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
(In thousands) | Notional Amount |  | Asset (Liability) Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Asset (Liability) Fair Value
Interest Rate Lock Commitments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Positive Fair Values | $ | 4,830 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Negative Fair Values | 1,962 |  |  | (6) |  |  | 5,252 |  |  | (40) |
Forward Commitments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Positive Fair Values | 1,474 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 4,750 |  |  | 43 |
Negative Fair Values | 312 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest Rate Swaps with Customers |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Positive Fair Values | 24,463 |  |  | 655 |  |  | 16,650 |  |  | 164 |
Negative Fair Values | 104,827 |  |  | (9,607) |  |  | 107,145 |  |  | (11,533) |
Interest Rate Swaps with Counterparties |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Positive Fair Values | 104,827 |  |  | 9,607 |  |  | 107,145 |  |  | 11,533 |
Negative Fair Values | 24,463 |  |  | (655) |  |  | 16,650 |  |  | (164) |
Interest Rate Swaps used in Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Positive Fair Values | 75,000 |  |  | 172 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Negative Fair Values | 25,000 |  |  | (253) |  |  | — |  |  | — |

The following table presents derivative financial instruments and the amount of the net fair value gains (losses) recognized within other noninterest income on the Consolidated Statement of Income:

|  |  | Three months ended
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022
Interest Rate Lock Commitments |  |  |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | (187) |
Forward Commitments |  |  |  |  | (51) |  |  | 753 |
Total |  |  |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 566 |

The following table presents the effect of fair value and cash flow hedge accounting on AOCI:

(I n thousands) | Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative |  | Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI Included Component |  | Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI Excluded Component |  | Location of Loss recognized from AOCI into Income |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Expense Included Component |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Expense Excluded Component
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at March 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Rate Swaps | $ | (163) |  |  | $ | (163) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Interest Expense |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | — |

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The gross amounts of commercial loan swap derivatives, the amounts offset and the carrying values in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the collateral pledged to support such agreements are presented below:

(In thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Interest Rate Swap Contracts - Commercial Loans: |  |  |
Gross amounts recognized (1) | $ | 10,262 |  |  | $ | 11,697 |
Gross amounts offset (2) | 10,262 |  |  | 11,697 |
Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | — |  |  | — |
Gross amounts not offset: |  |  |
Financial instruments | — |  |  | — |
Cash collateral (3) | 1,600 |  |  | 1,600 |
Net Amounts | $ | 1,600 |  |  | $ | 1,600 |

(1) Included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(2) Included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(3) Included in cash and due from banks on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Note 6 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, are as follows:

(I n thousands) | Unrealized Loss on Securities |  | Unrealized Holding Losses on Interest Rate Derivatives used in Cash Flow Hedges |  | Defined Benefit Plans |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | (19,327) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | (19,216) |
OCI before reclassifications | 1,977 |  |  | (128) |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1,854 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | (12) |
Balance at March 31, 2023 | $ | (17,350) |  |  | $ | (128) |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | (17,374) |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | (255) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 413 |  |  | $ | 158 |
OCI before reclassifications | (5,230) |  |  | — |  |  | 127 |  |  | (5,103) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Balance at March 31, 2022 | $ | (5,485) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 539 |  |  | $ | (4,946) |

Note 7 - Fair Value Measurement
The Corporation uses estimates of fair value in applying various accounting standards for its consolidated financial statements on either a recurring or non-recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between willing and able market participants. The Corporation groups its assets and liabilities measured at fair value in three hierarchy levels, based on the observability and transparency of the inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
Level 1 - Inputs that represent quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 - Inputs that represent quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 - Inputs that are largely unobservable, as little or no market data exists for the instrument being valued.
A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below.
There were no transfers of assets between fair value Level 1 and Level 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or the year ended December 31, 2022.
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The following tables illustrate the assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

|  | March 31, 2023
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35,250 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35,250 |
Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies |  | — |  |  | 165,604 |  |  | — |  |  | 165,604 |
State and political subdivision obligations |  | — |  |  | 3,697 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,697 |
Corporate debt securities |  | — |  |  | 32,058 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,058 |
Equity securities |  | 438 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 438 |
Loans held for sale |  | — |  |  | 2,677 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,677 |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets |  | — |  |  | 10,496 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,496 |
Total |  | $ | 438 |  |  | $ | 249,782 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 250,220 |

|  | December 31, 2022
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,914 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,914 |
Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies |  | — |  |  | 166,915 |  |  | — |  |  | 166,915 |
State and political subdivision obligations |  | — |  |  | 3,539 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,539 |
Corporate debt securities |  | — |  |  | 32,510 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,510 |
Equity securities |  | 430 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 430 |
Loans held for sale |  | — |  |  | 2,475 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,475 |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative assets |  | — |  |  | 11,703 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,703 |
Total |  | $ | 430 |  |  | $ | 252,056 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 252,486 |

The valuation methodologies and assumptions used to estimate the fair value for the items in the preceding tables are as follows:
Available for sale investment securities - The fair value of equity and debt securities classified as available for sale is determined by obtaining quoted market prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1), or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities, but rather, relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices.
Equity securities - The fair value of equity securities with readily determinable fair values is recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, with realized and unrealized gains and losses reported in other expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Loans held for sale - This category includes mortgage loans held for sale that are measured at fair value. Fair values as of March 31, 2023 were measured as the price that secondary market investors were offering for loans with similar characteristics.
Derivative assets - Interest rate swaps are measured by alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency in markets that are not active. Based on the complex nature of interest rate swap agreements, the markets these instruments trade in are not as efficient and are less liquid than that of the more mature Level 1 markets. These markets do, however, have comparable, observable inputs in which an alternative pricing source values these assets in order to arrive at a fair market value. These characteristics classify interest rate swap agreements as Level 2.
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Mortgage banking derivatives represent the fair value of mortgage banking derivatives in the form of interest rate locks and forward commitments with secondary market investors and the fair value of interest rate swaps. The fair values of the Corporation’s interest rate locks, forward commitments and interest rate swaps represent the amounts that would be required to settle the derivative financial instruments at the balance sheet date. These characteristics classify interest rate swap agreements as Level 2. See "Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments," for additional information.
Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances . The following table illustrates Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:

(In thousands) |  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Individually evaluated loans, net of ACL |  | $ | 13,084 |  |  | $ | 938 |
Foreclosed assets held for sale |  | 248 |  |  | 43 |

Net loans - This category consists of loans that were individually evaluated for impairment, net of the related ACL, and have been classified as Level 3 assets. In 2022, the amount shown is the balance of individually evaluated loans reporting a specific allocation or that have been partially charged-off. All of these loans are considered collateral-dependent; therefore, all of Mid Penn’s impaired loans, whether reporting a specific allowance allocation or not, are considered collateral- dependent. Mid Penn utilized Level 3 inputs such as independent appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally includes various Level 3 inputs which are not observable. Appraisals may be adjusted downward by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses.
Foreclosed assets held for sale - Values are based on appraisals that consider the sales prices of property in the proximate vicinity.
The following tables summarize the carrying amount, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of Mid Penn's financial instruments as of the periods presented:

|  | March 31, 2023
|  | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value
(In thousands) |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Financial instruments - assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 62,171 |  |  | $ | 62,171 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 62,171 |
Available-for-sale investment securities |  | 236,609 |  |  | — |  |  | 236,609 |  |  | — |  |  | 236,609 |
Held-to-maturity investment securities |  | 396,784 |  |  | — |  |  | 352,454 |  |  | — |  |  | 352,454 |
Equity securities |  | 438 |  |  | 438 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 438 |
Loans held for sale |  | 2,677 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,677 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,677 |
Net loans |  | 3,580,082 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,517,331 |  |  | 3,517,331 |
Restricted investment in bank stocks |  | 8,041 |  |  | 8,041 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,041 |
Accrued interest receivable |  | 19,205 |  |  | 19,205 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,205 |
Derivative assets |  | 10,496 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,496 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,496 |
Financial instruments - liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | $ | 3,878,081 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,867,729 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,867,729 |
Short-term debt |  | 88,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 88,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 88,000 |
Long-term debt (1) |  | 1,049 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,052 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,052 |
Subordinated debt |  | 56,794 |  |  | — |  |  | 56,915 |  |  | — |  |  | 56,915 |
Accrued interest payable |  | 5,809 |  |  | 5,809 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,809 |
Derivative liabilities |  | 10,521 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,521 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,521 |

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|  | December 31, 2022
|  |  |  | Estimated Fair Value
(In thousands) |  | Carrying Amount |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Financial instruments - assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 60,881 |  |  | $ | 60,881 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 60,881 |
Available-for-sale investment securities |  | 237,878 |  |  | — |  |  | 237,878 |  |  | — |  |  | 237,878 |
Held-to-maturity investment securities |  | 399,494 |  |  | — |  |  | 348,505 |  |  | — |  |  | 348,505 |
Equity securities |  | 430 |  |  | 430 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 430 |
Loans held for sale |  | 2,475 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,475 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,475 |
Net loans |  | 3,495,162 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,439,948 |  |  | 3,439,948 |
Restricted investment in bank stocks |  | 8,315 |  |  | 8,315 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,315 |
Accrued interest receivable |  | 18,405 |  |  | 18,405 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,405 |
Derivative assets |  | 11,743 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,743 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,743 |
Financial instruments - liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | $ | 3,778,331 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,761,260 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,761,260 |
Short-term debt |  | 102,647 |  |  | — |  |  | 102,647 |  |  | — |  |  | 102,647 |
Long-term debt (1) |  | 1,119 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,069 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,069 |
Subordinated debt |  | 56,941 |  |  | — |  |  | 55,917 |  |  | — |  |  | 55,917 |
Accrued interest payable |  | 2,303 |  |  | 2,303 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,303 |
Derivative liabilities |  | 11,737 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,737 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,737 |

(1)Long-term debt excludes finance lease obligations.
The Bank’s outstanding and unfunded credit commitments and financial standby letters of credit were deemed to have no significant fair value as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies
Guarantees and commitments to extend credit
Mid Penn is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. The commitments include various guarantees and commitments to extend credit. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Mid Penn evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees written are conditional commitments to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. Mid Penn had $54.6 million and $57.2 million of standby letters of credit outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Mid Penn does not anticipate any losses because of these transactions. The amount of the liability as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 for payment under standby letters of credit issued was not considered material.
Mid Penn adopted FASB ASC Topic 326, effective January 1, 2023, which requires Mid Penn to estimate expected credit losses for OBS credit exposures which are not unconditionally cancellable. Mid Penn maintains a separate ACL on OBS credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit, which is included in other liabilities on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023.
The ACL - OBS is adjusted as a provision for OBS commitments in noninterest expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur, an estimate of exposure at default that is derived from utilization rate assumptions using a non-modeled approach, and PD and LGD estimates that are derived from the same models and
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approaches for the Mid Penn's other loan portfolio segments described in "Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans" above, as these unfunded commitments share similar risk characteristics with these loan portfolio segments.
Changes in the ACL on OBS credit exposures were as follows for the period presented:

(In thousands) |  | March 31, 2023
Balance, January 1, 2023 |  | $ | 85 |
Impact of adopting CECL |  | 3,077 |
PCL - OBS exposure |  | 340 |
Balance, March 31, 2023 |  | $ | 3,502 |

Low-income housing project commitments
Mid Penn Bank has a limited partnership interest in a low-income housing project to construct 39 apartments and common amenities in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. All of the units are expected to qualify for Federal LIHTC as provided for in Section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Mid Penn’s limited partner capital contribution commitment is expected to be $10.8 million, which will be paid in installments over the course of construction of the low-income housing facilities. The investment in the limited partnership will be reported in other assets on the balance sheet and amortized over a ten-year period. The project has been conditionally awarded $1.2 million in annual LIHTCs by the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency, with a total anticipated LIHTC amount of $12.0 million to be received by Mid Penn over the ten-year amortization period. Mid Penn’s commitment to purchase the limited partnership interest is conditional upon (i) the review and approval of all closing documents, (ii) an opinion letter for tax counsel to the Partnership that the project qualifies for the LIHTCs, and (iii) review and approval by Mid Penn of other documents it may deem necessary.
Mid Penn assumed a commitment, as a result of the Riverview Acquisition, to purchase a limited partnership interest in a low-income housing project to preserve and rehabilitate three buildings consisting of 17 apartments and two commercial shops in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. All the units are expected to qualify for LIHTCs. Mid Penn’s limited partner capital contribution commitment is expected to be $4.4 million, which will be paid in installments over the course of construction of the low-income housing facilities. The investment in the limited partnership will be reported in other assets on the balance sheet and amortized over a ten-year period. Additionally, the agreement commits Mid Penn to a construction loan in the maximum principal amount of $3.5 million, which will bear interest at 5.5% annum with a term of twenty-four months. The project has been conditionally awarded $484 thousand in annual LIHTCs by the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency, with a total anticipated LIHTC amount of $4.8 million to be received by Mid Penn over the ten-year amortization period. Mid Penn’s commitment to purchase the limited partnership interest is conditional upon (i) the review and approval of all closing documents, (ii) an opinion letter for tax counsel to the Partnership that the project qualifies for the LIHTCs, and (iii) review and approval by Mid Penn of other documents it may deem necessary.
Litigation
Mid Penn is subject to lawsuits and claims arising out of its normal conduct of business. In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, the ultimate disposition of these matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition of Mid Penn.
Note 9 - Debt
Short-term FHLB and Correspondent Bank Borrowings
Total short-term borrowings were $88.0 million and $102.6 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and consisted of FHLB overnight borrowings. Short-term borrowings generally consist of federal funds purchased and advances from the FHLB with an original maturity of less than a year. Federal funds purchased from correspondent banks mature in one business day and reprice daily based on the Federal Funds rate. Advances from the FHLB are collateralized by the Bank’s investment in the common stock of the FHLB and by a blanket lien on selected loan receivables comprised principally of real estate secured loans within the Bank’s portfolio totaling $2.3 billion at March 31, 2023. The Bank had a short-term borrowing capacity from the FHLB as of March 31, 2023 up to the Bank’s unused borrowing capacity of $1.4 billion (equal to $1.6 billion of maximum borrowing capacity, less the aggregate amount of FHLB letter of credits securing public funds deposits, and other FHLB advances and obligations outstanding) upon satisfaction of any stock purchase requirements of the FHLB.
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The Bank also has unused overnight lines of credit with other correspondent banks amounting to $35.0 million at March 31, 2023. No draws were made on these lines as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Long-term Debt
The following table presents a summary of long-term debt as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
FHLB fixed rate instruments: |  |  |
Due August 2026, 4.80% | $ | 1,020 |  |  | $ | 1,088 |
Due February 2027, 6.71% | 29 |  |  | 31 |
Total FHLB fixed rate instruments | 1,049 |  |  | 1,119 |
Lease obligations included in long-term debt | 3,267 |  |  | 3,290 |
Total long-term debt | $ | 4,316 |  |  | $ | 4,409 |

As a member of the FHLB, the Bank can access a number of credit products which are utilized to provide liquidity. The FHLB fixed rate instruments obtained by the Bank are secured under the terms of a blanket collateral agreement with the FHLB consisting of FHLB stock and qualifying Bank loan receivables, principally real estate secured loans. The Bank also obtains letters of credit from the FHLB to secure certain public fund deposits of municipality and school district customers who agree to use of the FHLB letters of credit as a legally allowable alternative to investment pledging. These FHLB letter of credit commitments totaled $183.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and $189.0 million as of December 31, 2022.
Note 10 - Subordinated Debt and Trust Preferred Securities
Subordinated Debt Issued December 2017
On December 19, 2017, Mid Penn entered into agreements with investors to purchase $10.0 million aggregate principal amount of its subordinated notes due 2028 (the "2017 Notes"). The 2017 Notes are treated as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes. The 2017 Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.25% per year for the first five years and then float at the Wall Street Journal’s Prime Rate plus 0.50%, provided that the interest rate applicable to the outstanding principal balance will at no time be less than 5.0%. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on July 15, 2018, for the first five years after issuance and will be payable quarterly in arrears thereafter on January 15, April 15, July 15, and October 15. The 2017 Notes will mature on January 1, 2028 and are redeemable in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, at any time on or after December 21, 2022, and prior to January 1, 2028. Related parties held $1.5 million of the 2017 Notes as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Mid Penn redeemed the 2017 Notes in whole on April 17, 2023.
Subordinated Debt Assumed November 2021 with the Riverview Acquisition
On November 30, 2021, Mid Penn completed its acquisition of Riverview and assumed $25.0 million of subordinated notes (the "Riverview Notes"). In accordance with purchase accounting principles, the Riverview Notes were assigned a fair value premium of $2.3 million. The notes are treated as Tier 2 capital for regulatory reporting purposes.
The Riverview Notes were entered into by Riverview on October 6, 2020 with certain qualified institutional buyers and accredited institutional investors. The Riverview Notes have a maturity date of October 15, 2030 and initially bear interest, payable semi-annually, at a fixed annual rate of 5.75% per annum until October 15, 2025. Commencing on that date, the interest rate applicable to the outstanding principal amount due will be reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to the then current three-month SOFR plus 563 bps, payable quarterly until maturity. Mid Penn may redeem the Riverview Notes at par, in whole or in part, at its option, anytime beginning on October 15, 2025.
Subordinated Debt Issued December 2020
On December 22, 2020, Mid Penn entered into agreements for and sold, at 100% of their principal amount, an aggregate of $12.2 million of its subordinated notes due December 2030 (the "December 2020 Notes") on a private placement basis to accredited investors. The December 2020 Notes are treated as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes.
The December 2020 Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.5% per year for the first five years and then float at the Wall Street Journal’s Prime Rate, provided that the interest rate applicable to the outstanding principal balance during the period the
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December 2020 Notes are floating will at no time be less than 4.5%. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year, beginning on March 31, 2021. The December 2020 Notes will mature on December 31, 2030 and are redeemable, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, on any interest payment date on or after December 31, 2025 and prior to December 31, 2030, subject to any required regulatory approvals. Additionally, if (i) all or any portion of the December 2020 Notes cease to be deemed Tier 2 Capital, (ii) interest on the December 2020 Notes fails to be deductible for United States federal income tax purposes, or (iii) Mid Penn will be considered an "investment company," Mid Penn may redeem the December 2020 Notes, in whole but not in part, by giving 10 days’ notice to the holders of the December 2020 Notes. In the event of a redemption described in the previous sentence, Mid Penn will redeem the December 2020 Notes at 100% of the principal amount of the December 2020 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to but excluding the date of redemption.
Holders of the December 2020 Notes may not accelerate the maturity of the December 2020 Notes, except upon the bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation, receivership or similar event of Mid Penn or the Bank. Related parties held $750 thousand of the December 2020 Notes as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Subordinated Debt Issued March 2020
On March 20, 2020, Mid Penn entered into agreements with accredited investors who purchased $15.0 million aggregate principal amount of its subordinated notes due March 2030 (the "March 2020 Notes"). As a result of Mid Penn’s merger with Riverview on November 30, 2021, $6.9 million of the March 2020 Notes balance was redeemed as Riverview was a holder of the March 2020 Notes. The balance of March 2020 Notes outstanding as of March 31, 2023 was $8.1 million. The March 2020 Notes are intended to be treated as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes.
The March 2020 Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.0% per year for the first five years and then float at the Wall Street Journal’s Prime Rate, provided that the interest rate applicable to the outstanding principal balance during the period the March 2020 Notes are floating will at no time be less than 4.25%. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 30 and December 30 of each year, beginning on June 30, 2020, for the first five years after issuance and will be payable quarterly in arrears thereafter on March 30, June 30, September 30 and December 30. The March 2020 Notes will mature on March 30, 2030 and are redeemable in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, at any time on or after March 30, 2025 and prior to March 30, 2030. Additionally, if all or any portion of the March 2020 Notes cease to be deemed Tier 2 Capital, Mid Penn may redeem, on any interest payment date, all or part of the 2020 Notes. In the event of a redemption described in the previous sentence, Mid Penn will redeem the March 2020 Notes at 100% of the principal amount of the March 2020 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to but excluding the date of redemption.
Holders of the March 2020 Notes may not accelerate the maturity of the March 2020 Notes, except upon the bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation, receivership or similar event of Mid Penn or the Bank. Related parties held $1.7 million of the March 2020 Notes as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Note 11 - Postretirement Benefit Plans
Mid Penn has an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan for directors, which provides defined benefits based on the respective director’s years of service, as well as a postretirement healthcare and life insurance benefit plan, which is noncontributory, covering certain full-time employees. Mid Penn also assumed noncontributory defined benefit pension plans as a result of the acquisitions of Scottdale on January 8, 2018 and Riverview on November 30, 2021. These healthcare and life insurance plans are noncontributory and each plan uses a December 31 measurement date.
The components of net periodic benefit costs from these defined benefit plans are as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| Pension Benefits |  | Other Benefits
(In thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Service cost | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Interest cost | 142 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 17 |
Expected return on plan assets | (149) |  |  | (59) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Accretion of prior service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (5) |
Amortization of net (gain) loss | (5) |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Net periodic benefit expense | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 20 |

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Service costs are reported as a component of salaries and employee benefits on the Consolidated Statement of Income, while interest costs, expected return on plan assets and amortization (accretion) of prior service cost are reported as a component of other income.
Note 12 - Common Stock and Earnings Per Share
Treasury Stock Repurchase Program
Mid Penn adopted a treasury stock repurchase program ("Program") initially effective March 19, 2020, and extended through March 19, 2023 by Mid Penn’s Board of Directors on March 23, 2022. The Program authorized the repurchase of up to $15.0 million of Mid Penn’s outstanding common stock, which represented approximately 3.5% of the issued shares based on Mid Penn’s closing stock price and shares issued as of March 31, 2022. Under the Program, Mid Penn conducted repurchases of its common stock through open market transactions (which may be by means of a trading plan adopted under SEC Rule 10b5-1) or in privately negotiated transactions. Repurchases under the Program were made at the discretion of management and are subject to market conditions and other factors. There was no guarantee as to the exact number of shares that Mid Penn may repurchase.The Program was able to be modified, suspended or terminated at any time, in Mid Penn’s discretion, based upon a number of factors, including liquidity, market conditions, the availability of alternative investment opportunities and other factors Mid Penn deems appropriate. The Program does not obligate Mid Penn to repurchase any shares.
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Mid Penn had repurchased 208,343 shares of common stock at an average price of $23.42 per share under the Program. The Program ended effective March 23, 2023.
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
Under Mid Penn’s amended and restated DRIP, 300,000 shares of Mid Penn’s authorized but unissued common stock are reserved for issuance. The DRIP also allows for voluntary cash payments, within specified limits, to be used for the purchase of additional shares.
Restricted Stock Plan
Under Mid Penn’s 2014 Restricted Stock Plan, which was amended in 2020, Mid Penn may grant awards not exceeding, in the aggregate, 200,000 shares of common stock. The 2014 Plan was established for employees and directors of Mid Penn and the Bank, selected by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, to align the interest of plan participants with those of Mid Penn’s shareholders. The plan provides those persons who have a responsibility for its growth with additional incentives by allowing them to acquire an ownership interest in Mid Penn and thereby encouraging them to contribute to the success of the company.
As of March 31, 2023, a total of 162,937 restricted shares were granted under the Plan of which 67,283 shares were unvested. The Plan shares granted and vested resulted in $249 thousand and $168 thousand in share-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Share-based compensation expense relating to restricted stock is calculated using grant date fair value and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods of the awards. Restricted shares granted to employees vest in equal amounts on the anniversary of the grant date over the vesting period and the expense is a component of salaries and benefits expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The employee grant vesting period is determined by the terms of each respective grant, with vesting periods generally between one and four years. Restricted shares granted to directors have a twelve-month vesting period, and the expense is a component of directors’ fees and benefits within the other expense line item on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
On May 9, 2023, shareholders approved the 2023 Stock Incentive Plan, which authorizes Mid Penn to grant incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, deferred stock units and performance shares to qualified. The 2023 Plan was established for employees and directors of Mid Penn and the Bank, selected by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, to incentivize the further success of the Company. The aggregate number of shares of common stock of the Company under the Plan is 350,000 shares.
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The following data shows the amounts used in computing basic and diluted earnings per common share:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In thousands, except per share data) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 11,227 |  |  | $ | 11,354 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding (basic) | 15,886,186 |  | 15,957,864 |  |  |  |
Effect of dilutive unvested restricted stock grants | 44,935 |  | 20,072 |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding (diluted) | 15,931,121 |  | 15,977,936 |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 0.71 |  |  | $ | 0.71 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per common share | 0.70 |  |  | 0.71 |  |  |  |  |

There were no antidilutive instruments at March 31, 2023 and 2022.
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ITEM 2 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This Management Discussion relates to the Corporation, a financial holding company incorporated in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Management's Discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and other financial information presented in this report.
Caution About Forward-Looking Statements
Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Although Mid Penn generally does not make forward-looking statements unless Mid Penn’s management believes its management has a reasonable basis for doing so, Mid Penn cannot guarantee the accuracy of any forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements due to a number of uncertainties and risks, including the risks described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the 2022 Annual Report, and other unforeseen risks. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. These statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, even if subsequently made available by us on Mid Penn’s website or otherwise, and Mid Penn undertakes no obligation to update or revise these statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Certain of the matters discussed in this document and in documents incorporated by reference herein, including matters discussed under the caption "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", may constitute forward-looking statements for purposes of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and as such may involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Mid Penn or the Bank to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The words "expect", "anticipates", "intend", "plan", "believe", "estimate", and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Mid Penn’s actual results may differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation:
•the effects of future economic conditions on Mid Penn, the Bank, its nonbank subsidiaries, and their markets and customers;
•governmental monetary and fiscal policies, as well as legislative and regulatory changes;
•future actions or inactions of the United States government, including a failure to increase the government debt limit or a prolonged shutdown of the federal government;
•business or economic disruption from national or global epidemic or pandemic events;
•the risks of changes in interest rates on the level and composition of deposits, loan demand, and the values of loan collateral, the value of investment securities, and interest rate protection agreements;
•the effects of competition from other commercial banks, thrifts, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance companies, credit unions, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market and other mutual funds and other financial institutions operating in Mid Penn’s market area and elsewhere, including institutions operating locally, regionally, nationally and internationally, together with such competitors offering banking products and services by mail, telephone, computer and the internet;
•an increase in the Pennsylvania Bank Shares Tax to which Mid Penn Bank’s capital stock is currently subject, or imposition of any additional taxes on the capital stock of Mid Penn or Mid Penn Bank;
•impacts of the capital and liquidity requirements imposed by bank regulatory agencies;
•the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies, as well as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC, and other accounting and reporting standard setters;
•the costs and effects of litigation and of unexpected or adverse outcomes in such litigation;
•technological changes;
•our ability to implement business strategies, including our acquisition strategy;
•our ability to successfully expand our franchise, including acquisitions or establishing new offices at favorable prices;
•our ability to successfully integrate any banks, companies, offices, assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel we acquire into our operations and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames;
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•potential goodwill impairment charges, or future impairment charges and fluctuations in the fair values of reporting units or of assets in the event projected financial results are not achieved within expected time frames;
•our ability to attract and retain qualified management and personnel;
•results of regulatory examination and supervision processes;
•the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of reserves for loan losses, the assessment of potential impairment of investment securities, and estimations of values of collateral and various financial assets and liabilities;
•our ability to maintain compliance with the listing rules of NASDAQ;
•our ability to maintain the value and image of our brand and protect our intellectual property rights;
•volatility in the securities markets;
•disruptions due to flooding, severe weather, or other natural disasters or Acts of God;
•acts of war, terrorism, or global military conflict;
•supply chain disruption; and
•the factors described in Item 1A of the Corporation's 2022 Annual Report.
The above list of factors that may affect future performance is illustrative, but by no means exhaustive. Accordingly, all forward-looking statements should be evaluated with this understanding of inherent uncertainty. Additional information regarding these as well as other factors that could affect future financial results can be found in the sections entitled "Risk Factors" and "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of operating results expected for the full year.
Overview
Mid Penn is a financial holding company, which generates the majority of its revenues through net interest income, or the difference between interest earned on loans and investments and interest paid on deposits and borrowings. Growth in net interest income is dependent upon balance sheet growth and maintaining or increasing the net interest margin, which is FTE net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. The Corporation also generates revenue through fees earned on the various services and products offered to its customers and through gains on sales of assets, such as loans, investments and properties. Offsetting these revenue sources are provisions for credit losses - loans, non-interest expenses and income taxes.
The following table presents a summary of the Corporation's earnings and selected performance ratios:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Net Income | $ | 11,227 |  |  | $ | 11,354 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted EPS | $ | 0.70 |  |  | $ | 0.71 |  |  |  |  |
Dividends Declared | $ | 0.20 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |  |  |  |  |
Return on average assets | 1.01 | % |  | 0.98 | % |  |  |  |
Return on average equity | 8.91 | % |  | 9.32 | % |  |  |  |
Net interest margin (1) | 3.49 | % |  | 3.21 | % |  |  |  |
Non-performing assets to total assets | 0.31 | % |  | 0.18 | % |  |  |  |
Net charge-off (recoveries) to average loans (annualized) | 0.013 | % |  | (0.007) | % |  |  |  |

(1) Presented on a FTE basis using a 21% Federal tax rate and statutory interest expense disallowances. See also the "Net Interest Income" section.
Summary of Financial Results
•Net Income Per Share - Mid Penn’s net income available to common shareholders ("earnings") for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $11.2 million or $0.71 and $0.70 per common share basic and diluted, respectively, compared to earnings of $11.4 million or $0.71 per common share basic and diluted for the three
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months ended March 31, 2022. The results for the year ended March 31, 2023 were favorably impacted by loan growth and an increase in net interest margin.
◦Net Interest Margin - For the first quarter of 2023, Mid Penn’s FTE net interest margin was 3.49% versus 3.21% for the same period of 2022. The FOMC has increased rates eight times during the 12 months since March 31, 2022. The yield on interest-earning assets increased 135 bps in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period of 2022 and the rate on interest-bearing liabilities increased 141 bps in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period of 2022.
◦Loan Growth - Total loans, net of unearned income, as of March 31, 2023 were $3.6 billion compared to $3.5 billion as of December 31, 2022, an increase of $97.2 million, or 2.8%. Non-owner occupied office commercial real estate exposure represents less than 8% of total loan balances and is primarily limited to suburban offices.
◦Deposit Growth - Total deposits increased $99.8 million, or 2.6%, from $3.8 billion at December 31, 2022, to $3.9 billion at March 31, 2023. Estimated uninsured deposits represented 26.1% of total deposits at March 31, 2023, and 18.7% of total deposits after adjusting for insured/collateralized public funds and contractual deposits.
•Asset Quality - Mid Penn adopted CECL on January 1, 2023. Its ACL at March 31, 2023 was $31.3 million, or 0.87% of total loans, as compared to $19.0 million, or 0.54% of total loans at December 31, 2022.
◦Net Recoveries/Charge-offs - Mid Penn had net charge-offs of $113 thousand and net recoveries of $50 thousand for the first quarter of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
◦Non-performing assets - Total non-performing assets were $14.2 million at March 31, 2023, an increase compared to non-performing assets of $8.6 million at December 31, 2022.
◦Provision for credit losses - loans - The PCL - loans was $490 thousand for the first quarter of 2023 compared to $500 thousand for the same period of 2022.
•Noninterest Income - Noninterest income totaled $4.3 million for the first quarter of 2023, a $1.4 million, or 24.8%, decrease compared to the first quarter of 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower mortgage banking and hedging activity.
•Noninterest Expense - Noninterest expense totaled $26.1 million for the first quarter of 2023, an increase of $325 thousand, or 1.3%, compared to noninterest expense of $25.7 million for the first quarter of 2022. The increase was most notably in salaries and benefits as Mid Penn continues to grow.
•Liquidity - Current liquidity, including borrowing capacity, enhanced to nearly $1.36 billion or 187% of uninsured and uncollateralized deposits, or approximately 35% of total deposits.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 includes a summary of critical accounting estimates that the Corporation considers to be most important to the presentation of its financial condition and results of operations, because they require management’s most difficult judgments as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain.
The following discussion is regarding the critical accounting estimates related to the application of CECL, which was adopted on January 1, 2023.
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Allowance for Credit Losses
In accordance with CECL, the ACL, which includes both the ACL - loans and the ACL for OBS credit exposures, is calculated with the objective of maintaining a reserve for current expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the portfolio. Management's determination of the appropriateness of the reserve is based on continuously monitoring and evaluating the loan portfolio, lending-related commitments, current as well as forecasted economic factors and other relevant factors. The ACL - loans is an estimate of expected losses inherent within Mid Penn's existing loan portfolio.
The loan loss estimation process involves procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of Mid Penn’s loan portfolio segments. When computing allowance levels, credit loss assumptions are estimated using a model that categorizes loan pools based on loss history and other credit trends and risk characteristics, including current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. Evaluations of the portfolio and individual credits are inherently subjective, as they require estimates, assumptions and judgments as to the facts and circumstances of particular situations. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgement by Management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. In future periods, evaluations of the overall loan portfolio, in light of the factors and forecasts then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the ACL and credit loss expense.
Mid Penn estimates the ACL using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Mid Penn uses a third-party software application to calculate the quantitative portion of the ACL using a methodology and assumptions specific to each loan pool. The qualitative portion of the allowance is based on general economic conditions and other internal and external factors affecting Mid Penn as a whole as well as specific loans. Factors considered include the following: lending process, concentrations of credit, and credit quality. The quantitative and qualitative portions of the allowance are added together to determine the total ACL, which reflects Management’s expectations of future conditions based on reasonable and supportable forecasts. As such, the calculation of ACL is inherently subjective and requires management to exercise significant judgment. The CECL estimate is highly sensitive to the economic forecasts used to develop the estimate.
While management uses the best information known to it in order to make ACL valuations, adjustments to the ACL may be necessary based on changes in economic and other conditions, changes in the composition of the loan portfolio, or changes in accounting guidance. In times of economic slowdown, either local, regional or national, the risk inherent in the loan portfolio could increase resulting in the need for additional provisions to the ACL in future periods. An increase could also be necessitated by an increase in the size of the loan portfolio or in any of its components even though the credit quality of the overall portfolio may be improving.
For further discussion of the methodology used in the determination of the ACL, refer to "Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies", "Note 3 - Investment Securities", "Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans" and "Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies". to the Consolidated Financial Statements. To the extent actual outcomes differ from management estimates, additional PCL may be required that would adversely impact earnings in future periods.
Results of Operations
Net Interest Income
Net interest income, Mid Penn’s primary source of revenue, is the amount by which interest income on loans and investments exceeds interest incurred on deposits and borrowings. The amount of net interest income is affected by changes in interest rates and changes in the volume and mix of interest-sensitive assets and liabilities. Net interest income and corresponding yields are presented in the analysis below on a FTE. Income from tax-exempt assets, primarily loans to or securities issued by state and local governments, is adjusted by an amount equivalent to the federal income taxes which would have been paid if the income received on these assets was taxable at the statutory rate of 21% for the periods presented.
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The following table includes average balances, amounts, and yields of interest income and rates of expense, interest rate spread, and net interest margin for the periods presented:

| Average Balances, Income and Interest Rates on a Taxable-Equivalent Basis
| For the Three Months Ended
| March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands) | Average Balance |  | Interest (1) |  | Yield/ Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest (1) |  | Yield/ Rate
ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Bearing Balances | $ | 5,761 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | 3.73 | % |  | $ | 91,543 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | 0.06 | %
Investment Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | 556,901 |  |  | 3,764 |  |  | 2.74 | % |  | 389,034 |  |  | 1,822 |  |  | 1.90 | %
Tax-Exempt | 79,250 |  |  | 493 |  |  | 2.52 | % |  | 73,614 |  |  | 425 |  |  | 2.34 | %
Total Investment Securities | 636,151 |  |  | 4,257 |  |  | 2.71 | % |  | 462,648 |  |  | 2,247 |  |  | 1.97 | %
Federal Funds Sold | 3,775 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 4.83 | % |  | 706,411 |  |  | 314 |  |  | 0.18 | %
Loans | 3,555,375 |  |  | 45,961 |  |  | 5.24 | % |  | 3,103,469 |  |  | 35,123 |  |  | 4.59 | %
Restricted Investment in Bank Stocks | 9,542 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 4.68 | % |  | 8,347 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 6.36 | %
Total Interest-earning Assets | 4,210,604 |  |  | 50,426 |  |  | 4.86 | % |  | 4,372,418 |  |  | 37,828 |  |  | 3.51 | %
Cash and Due from Banks | 51,444 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 57,397 |  |  |  |  |
Other Assets | 258,821 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 267,079 |  |  |  |  |
Total Assets | $ | 4,520,869 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,696,894 |  |  |  |  |
LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing Demand | $ | 968,951 |  |  | $ | 2,691 |  |  | 1.13 | % |  | $ | 1,045,678 |  |  | $ | 461 |  |  | 0.18 | %
Money Market | 940,286 |  |  | 4,084 |  |  | 1.76 | % |  | 1,125,094 |  |  | 600 |  |  | 0.22 | %
Savings | 330,773 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 0.07 | % |  | 376,006 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 0.06 | %
Time | 749,598 |  |  | 5,172 |  |  | 2.80 | % |  | 592,833 |  |  | 1,175 |  |  | 0.80 | %
Total Interest-bearing Deposits | 2,989,608 |  |  | 12,001 |  |  | 1.63 | % |  | 3,139,611 |  |  | 2,294 |  |  | 0.30 | %
Short-term borrowings | 121,898 |  |  | 1,490 |  |  | 4.96 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Long-term debt | 4,350 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 4.10 | % |  | 76,157 |  |  | 284 |  |  | 1.51 | %
Subordinated debt and trust preferred securities | 56,875 |  |  | 642 |  |  | 4.58 | % |  | 74,189 |  |  | 640 |  |  | 3.50 | %
Total Interest-bearing Liabilities | 3,172,731 |  |  | 14,177 |  |  | 1.81 | % |  | 3,289,957 |  |  | 3,218 |  |  | 0.40 | %
Noninterest-bearing Demand | 793,382 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 859,463 |  |  |  |  |
Other Liabilities | 43,899 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 53,455 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders' Equity | 510,857 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 494,019 |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity | $ | 4,520,869 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,696,894 |  |  |  |  |
Net Interest Income (taxable-equivalent basis) |  |  | $ | 36,249 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34,610 |  |  |
Taxable Equivalent Adjustment |  |  | (200) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (196) |  |  |
Net Interest Income |  |  | $ | 36,049 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34,414 |  |  |
Total Yield on Earning Assets |  |  |  |  | 4.86 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.51 | %
Rate on Supporting Liabilities |  |  |  |  | 1.81 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 0.40 | %
Average Interest Spread |  |  |  |  | 3.04 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.11 | %
Net Interest Margin |  |  |  |  | 3.49 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.21 | %

(1)Presented on a fully taxable-equivalent basis using a 21% federal tax rate and statutory interest expense disallowances.
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The following table summarizes the changes in FTE interest income and interest expense resulting from changes in average balances, volume, and changes in rates for the three months ended March 31, 2023 in comparison to the same period in 2022:

| Three months ended March 31, 2023 vs. March 31, 2022
| Increase (decrease)
(Dollars in thousands) | Volume |  | Rate |  | Net
INTEREST INCOME: |  |  |  |  |
Interest Bearing Balances | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 40 |
Investment Securities: |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | 786 |  |  | 1,156 |  |  | 1,942 |
Tax-Exempt | 33 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 68 |
Total Investment Securities | 819 |  |  | 1,191 |  |  | 2,010 |
Federal Funds Sold | (312) |  |  | 43 |  |  | (269) |
Loans | 5,114 |  |  | 5,724 |  |  | 10,838 |
Restricted Investment Bank Stocks | 19 |  |  | (40) |  |  | (21) |
Total Interest Income | 5,628 |  |  | 6,970 |  |  | 12,598 |
INTEREST EXPENSE: |  |  |  |  |
Interest Bearing Deposits: |  |  |  |  |
Interest Bearing Demand | (34) |  |  | 2,264 |  |  | 2,230 |
Money Market | (99) |  |  | 3,583 |  |  | 3,484 |
Savings | (7) |  |  | 3 |  |  | (4) |
Time | 311 |  |  | 3,686 |  |  | 3,997 |
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits | 171 |  |  | 9,536 |  |  | 9,707 |
Short-term Borrowings | — |  |  | 1,490 |  |  | 1,490 |
Long-term Debt | (268) |  |  | 28 |  |  | (240) |
Subordinated Debt | (149) |  |  | 151 |  |  | 2 |
Total Interest Expense | (246) |  |  | 11,205 |  |  | 10,959 |
NET INTEREST INCOME | $ | 5,874 |  |  | $ | (4,235) |  |  | $ | 1,639 |

Mid Penn’s FTE net interest margin for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 3.49% compared to 3.21% for the three months ended March 31, 2022. FTE net interest income was $36.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $1.6 million, or 4.7%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase to FTE net interest income was the result of higher yields on interest-earning assets and change in the mix of average interest-earning assets, which contributed $7.0 million and $5.6 million, respectively. The yield on interest-earning assets increased 135 bps to 4.86%, for the first quarter of 2023 compared to 3.51% for the first quarter of 2022. Average interest-earning assets decreased $161.8 million, or 3.7%, during the first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period of 2022, primarily as a result of a decrease in federal funds sold and interest bearing balances, partially offset by an increase in investment securities and loan growth. As previously noted, the FOMC has increased rates eight times during the 12 months since March 31, 2022.
Average investment securities increased $173.5 million and the yield on those investment securities increased 74 bps, contributing $819 thousand and $1.2 million, respectively, to the increase in interest income. Average loans increased $451.9 million, and the yield on those loans increased 65 bps contributing $5.1 million and $5.7 million, respectively, to the increase in interest income.
Interest expense increased $11.0 million during the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022. The rate of interest-bearing liabilities increased from 0.40% for the first quarter of 2022 to 1.81% for the first quarter of 2023. The
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increase in the rate was primarily a result of offering higher rates to retain and attract deposits. In addition, short-term borrowings of $121.9 million were used to help fund loan growth, contributing $1.5 million to interest expense during the first quarter of 2023.
Provision for Credit Losses - Loans
On January 1, 2023, Mid Penn adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces the incurred loss methodology, and is referred to as CECL. The PCL was $490 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $500 thousand three months ended March 31, 2022. The provision for the three months ended March 31, 2022 reflects the application of the incurred loss method for estimating credit losses.
Noninterest Income
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, noninterest income totaled $4.3 million, a decrease of $1.4 million or 24.8%, compared to noninterest income of $5.8 million for the same period in 2022.
Noninterest income and variance analysis as of March 31:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in Thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ Variance |  | % Variance
Fiduciary and wealth management | $ | 1,236 |  |  | $ | 1,052 |  |  | $ | 184 |  |  | 17.5 | %
ATM debit card interchange | 1,056 |  |  | 1,057 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (0.1) |
Service charges on deposits | 435 |  |  | 684 |  |  | (249) |  |  | (36.4) |
Mortgage banking | 384 |  |  | 529 |  |  | (145) |  |  | (27.4) |
Mortgage hedging | 20 |  |  | 566 |  |  | (546) |  |  | (96.5) |
Net gain on sales of SBA loans | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | 9 |  |  | (100.0) |
Earnings from cash surrender value of life insurance | 254 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 3.3 |
Other | 940 |  |  | 1,625 |  |  | (685) |  |  | (42.1) |
Total | $ | 4,325 |  |  | $ | 5,750 |  |  | $ | (1,425) |  |  | (24.8) | %

Income from fiduciary and wealth management activities was $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $184 thousand compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The additional revenue was attributable to favorable growth in trust assets under management and increased sales of retail investments products.
Service charges on deposits were $435 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of $249 thousand, or 36.4%, compared to the same period in 2022. This decrease was driven by the phasing out of a legacy Riverview overdraft program at the end of the first quarter of 2022.
Mortgage banking income decreased $145 thousand, or 27.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $384 thousand compared to the same period in 2022. Mortgage loan originations and secondary-market loan sales and gains continue to slow as a result of increases in interest rates.
Mortgage hedging income was $20 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $566 thousand for the same period in 2022. The decrease was the result of a slow down in the hedging program related to mortgage derivative activities as a result of an increase in interest rates.
Noninterest Expense
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, noninterest expense totaled $26.1 million, an increase of $325 thousand, or 1.3%, compared to noninterest expense of $25.7 million for the same period in 2022.
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Noninterest expense and variance analysis as of March 31:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in Thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | $ Variance |  | % Variance
Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 13,844 |  |  | $ | 13,244 |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  | 4.5 | %
Software licensing and utilization | 1,946 |  |  | 2,106 |  |  | (160) |  |  | (7.6) |
Occupancy expense, net | 1,886 |  |  | 1,799 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 4.8 |
Equipment expense | 1,251 |  |  | 1,011 |  |  | 240 |  |  | 23.7 |
Shares tax | 899 |  |  | 920 |  |  | (21) |  |  | (2.3) |
Legal and professional fees | 800 |  |  | 639 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 25.2 |
ATM/card processing | 493 |  |  | 517 |  |  | (24) |  |  | (4.6) |
Intangible amortization | 344 |  |  | 481 |  |  | (137) |  |  | -28.5 |
FDIC Assessment | 340 |  |  | 591 |  |  | (251) |  |  | (42.5) |
Gain on sale or write-down of foreclosed assets, net | — |  |  | (16) |  |  | 16 |  |  | (100.0) |
Merger and acquisition expense | 224 |  |  | — |  |  | 224 |  |  | N/M
Post-acquisition restructuring expense | — |  |  | 329 |  |  | (329) |  |  | (100.0) |
Other expenses | 4,043 |  |  | 4,124 |  |  | (81) |  |  | (2.0) |
Total Noninterest Expense | $ | 26,070 |  |  | $ | 25,745 |  |  | $ | 325 |  |  | 1.3 | %

Salaries and employee benefits were $13.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $600 thousand, or 4.5% versus the same period in 2022, with the increase attributable to annual merit increases and staff additions in alignment with Mid Penn’s core banking and non-banking growth initiatives.
Software licensing and utilization costs were $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of $160 thousand, or 7.6%, compared to $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease is a result of the elimination of duplicate systems and software after the integration in 2022 of Riverview.
Equipment expense increased $240 thousand, or 23.7%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by the opening of a new branch after the first quarter of 2022.
FDIC assessment decreased $251 thousand, or 42.5%, for the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022 as a result of a lower asset base as well as an improved rating for the Bank.
Merger and acquisition expenses were $224 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and consisted of legal and professional fees associated with the Brunswick Acquisition.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes was $2.6 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the same period in 2022. The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, reflects a combined Federal and State effective tax rate of 18.7% and 18.4%, respectively. Generally, Mid Penn’s effective tax rate is below the federal statutory rate due to earnings on tax-exempt loans, investments, and earnings from the cash surrender value of life insurance, as well as the impact of federal income tax credits, including those awarded from Mid Penn’s low-income housing investments. The realization of Mid Penn’s deferred tax assets is dependent on future earnings. Mid Penn currently anticipates that future earnings will be adequate to fully realize the currently recorded deferred tax assets.
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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
Financial Condition
Mid Penn’s total assets were $4.6 billion as of March 31, 2023, reflecting an increase of $85.5 million, or 1.9%, compared to total assets of $4.5 billion as of December 31, 2022.
Investment Securities
Mid Penn’s investment portfolio is utilized primarily to support overall liquidity and interest rate risk management, to provide collateral supporting pledging requirements for public funds on deposit, and to generate additional interest income within reasonable risk parameters. Total investment securities as of March 31, 2023 were $633.4 million compared to $637.4 million as of December 31, 2022.

| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | $ Variance |  | % Variance
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | $ | 35,250 |  |  | $ | 34,914 |  |  | $ | 336 |  |  | 1 | %
Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies | 165,604 |  |  | 166,915 |  |  | (1,311) |  |  | (0.8) | %
State and political subdivision obligations | 3,697 |  |  | 3,539 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 4.5 | %
Corporate debt securities | 32,058 |  |  | 32,510 |  |  | (452) |  |  | (1.4) | %
Total available-for-sale debt securities | 236,609 |  |  | 237,878 |  |  | (1,269) |  |  | — |
Held-to-maturity debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | $ | 245,703 |  |  | $ | 245,671 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | — | %
Mortgage-backed U.S. government agencies | 49,050 |  |  | 50,710 |  |  | (1,660) |  |  | (3.3) | %
State and political subdivision obligations | 87,048 |  |  | 87,125 |  |  | (77) |  |  | (0.1) | %
Corporate debt securities | 14,983 |  |  | 15,988 |  |  | (1,005) |  |  | (6.3) | %
Total held-to-maturity debt securities | 396,784 |  |  | 399,494 |  |  | (2,710) |  |  | (0.7) | %
Total | $ | 633,393 |  |  | $ | 637,372 |  |  | $ | (3,979) |  |  | (0.6) | %

Loans, net of unearned interest
Total loans, net of unearned interest, as of March 31, 2023 were $3.6 billion compared to $3.5 billion as of December 31, 2022. The growth of $97.2 million, or 2.8%, since December 31, 2022 occurred primarily across the commercial and industrial, construction and residential mortgage loan portfolios.

| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands) | Balance |  | % of Total Loans |  | Balance |  | % of Total Loans
Commercial real estate (1) | $ | 1,899,168 |  |  | 52.6 | % |  | $ | 2,052,934 |  |  | 58.3 | %
Commercial and industrial | 605,610 |  |  | 16.8 |  |  | 596,042 |  |  | 17.0 |
Construction | 486,172 |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | 441,246 |  |  | 12.6 |
Residential mortgage (1) | 612,427 |  |  | 17.0 |  |  | 416,221 |  |  | 11.9 |
Consumer | 7,970 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 7,676 |  |  | 0.2 |
| $ | 3,611,347 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 3,514,119 |  |  | 100.0 | %

(1) In accordance with the guidance in FASB ASC Topic 326, Mid Penn redefined its loan portfolio segments and related loan classes based on the level at which risk is monitored within the ACL methodology. As such, $181.9 million of loans were reclassified from Commercial real estate to Residential mortgage upon adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023. Prior periods were not reclassified.
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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
Credit Quality, Credit Risk, and Allowance for Credit Losses
Mid Penn adopted FASB ASC Topic 326, in accordance with the amendments of FASB ASU 2016-13, effective January 1, 2023. The guidance in FASB ASC 326 replaces Mid Penn’s previous incurred loss methodology with a methodology that reflects the current expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to determine credit losses. Mid Penn’s ACL methodology for loans is based upon guidance within FASB ASC Subtopic 326-20, "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measured at Amortized Cost," as well as regulatory guidance from the FDIC, the Bank's primary federal regulator. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Credit quality within the loan portfolio is continuously monitored by management and is reflected within the ACL for loans. The ACL is an estimate of expected losses inherent within Mid Penn’s existing loan portfolio. The ACL is adjusted through the provision for credit losses and reduced by the charge off of loan amounts, net of recoveries.
The loan loss estimation process involves procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of Mid Penn’s loan portfolio segments. When computing allowance levels, credit loss assumptions are estimated using a model that categorizes loan pools based on loss history, delinquency status and other credit trends and risk characteristics, including current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future. Evaluations of the portfolio and individual credits are inherently subjective, as they require estimates, assumptions and judgments as to the facts and circumstances of particular situations. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgement by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. In future periods, evaluations of the overall loan portfolio, in light of the factors and forecasts then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance and credit loss expense.
For a complete description of Mid Penn’s ACL methodology and the quantitative and qualitative factors included in the calculation, please see "Note 4 – Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses – Loans" included in Part I. Item 1. – Financial Statements of this report.
Upon the adoption of FASB ASC Topic 326 on January 1, 2023, Mid Penn recorded an overall increase of $15.0 million to the ACL on January 1, 2023 as a result of the adoption of CECL. Retained earnings decreased $11.5 million and deferred tax assets increased by $3.1 million. Included in the $15.0 million increase to the ACL was $3.1 million for certain OBS credit exposures that were previously recognized in other liabilities before the adoption of CECL. The ACL and the related PCL for the three months ended March 31, 2022 presented reflect Mid Penn’s application of the incurred loss method for estimating credit losses.
Changes in the ACL are summarized as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 18,957 |  |  | $ | 14,597 |  |  |  |  |
Impact of adopting CECL | 11,931 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Loans charged off during period | (150) |  |  | (57) |  |  |  |  |
Recoveries of loans previously charged off | 37 |  |  | 107 |  |  |  |  |
Net (charge-offs) recoveries | (113) |  |  | 50 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for credit losses | 490 |  |  | 500 |  |  |  |  |
Balance, end of period | $ | 31,265 |  |  | $ | 15,147 |  |  |  |  |
Ratio of net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans outstanding (annualized) | 0.013 | % |  | (0.007) | % |  |  |  |
Ratio of ACL - loans to net loans at end of period | 0.87 | % |  | 0.49 | % |  |  |  |

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, Mid Penn had net charge-offs of $113 thousand compared to net recoveries of $50 thousand during the same period in 2022.
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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
The following table presents the change in nonperforming asset categories as of March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and March 31, 2022.

(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | March 31, 2022
Non-performing Assets: |  |  |  |  |
Total non-performing loans | $ | 13,909 |  |  | $ | 8,585 |  |  | $ | 7,937 |
Foreclosed real estate | 248 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 125 |
Total non-performing assets | 14,157 |  |  | 8,628 |  |  | 8,062 |
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due | 7 |  |  | 654 |  |  | 133 |
Total risk elements | $ | 14,164 |  |  | $ | 9,282 |  |  | $ | 8,195 |
Non-performing loans as a percentage of total loans outstanding | 0.39 | % |  | 0.24 | % |  | 0.25 | %
Non-performing assets as a percentage of total loans outstanding and foreclosed real estate | 0.39 | % |  | 0.25 | % |  | 0.26 | %
Ratio of ACL to non-performing loans | 224.78 | % |  | 220.82 | % |  | 190.84 | %

Total nonperforming assets were $14.2 million at March 31, 2023, an increase compared to nonperforming assets of $8.6 million at December 31, 2022. The increase since December 31, 2022 was primarily related to two relationships. One of the relationships was subsequently paid off in full in April 2023. The second relationship is collateralized in excess of the outstanding loan balances based on a current appraisal of the collateral.
Deposits and Short-term Borrowings
Total deposits increased $99.8 million, or 2.6%, from $3.8 billion on December 31, 2022, to $3.9 billion at March 31, 2023. The growth was primarily due to an increase of $225.3 million, or 34.2%, in time deposits as the result of rate increases in order to retain and attract customers. Estimated uninsured deposits represented 26.1% of total deposits at March 31, 2023, and 18.7% of total deposits after adjusting for insured/collateralized public funds and contractual deposits. Total short-term borrowings decreased $14.6 million, or 14.3%, from December 31, 2022 primarily as a result of the increase in deposits.
Liquidity
Mid Penn’s objective is to maintain adequate liquidity to meet funding needs at a reasonable cost and to provide contingency plans to meet unanticipated funding needs or a loss of funding sources, while minimizing interest rate risk. Adequate liquidity provides resources for credit needs of borrowers, for depositor withdrawals, and for funding corporate operations. Sources of liquidity are as follows:
•a growing core deposit base;
•proceeds from the sale or maturity of investment securities;
•payments received on loans and mortgage-backed securities;
•overnight correspondent bank borrowings on various credit lines; and
•borrowing capacity available from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Discount Window available to Mid Penn.
Mid Penn believes its core deposits are generally stable even in periods of changing interest rates. Liquidity is measured and monitored daily, allowing management to better understand and react to balance sheet trends. These measurements indicate that liquidity generally remains stable and exceeds our minimum defined levels of adequacy. Other than the trends of continued competitive pressures and volatile interest rates, and the uncertain impact of the current inflationary environment, there are no known demands, commitments, events, or uncertainties that will result in, or that are reasonably likely to result in, liquidity increasing or decreasing in any material way.
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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
On at least a quarterly basis, a comprehensive liquidity analysis is reviewed by the Asset Liability Committee and Board of Directors. The analysis provides a summary of the current liquidity measurements, projections, and future liquidity positions given various levels of liquidity stress. Management also maintains a detailed Contingency Funding Plan designed to respond to overall stress in the financial condition of the banking industry or a prospective liquidity problem specific to Mid Penn.
The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows provide additional information. Mid Penn’s operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 provided $12.9 million of cash, mainly due to net income. Cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $93.6 million, mainly the result of the net increase in loans. Cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 totaled $81.9 million, primarily the result of an increase in net deposits.
Regulatory Capital
The Corporation and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by banking regulators. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can trigger certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by the regulators that if, undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Corporation's financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory account practices. The Bank's capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
Minimum regulatory capital requirements established by Basel III rules require the Corporation and the Bank to:
•Meet a minimum Common Equity Tier I capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets;
•Meet a minimum Tier I capital ratio of 6.0% of risk-weighted assets;
•Meet a minimum Total capital ratio of 8.0% of risk-weighted assets;
•Meet a minimum Tier I leverage capital ratio of 4.0% of average assets;
•Maintain a "capital conservation buffer" of 2.5% above the minimum risk-based capital requirements, which must be maintained to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and certain discretionary bonuses; and
•Comply with the definition of capital to improve the ability of regulatory capital instruments to absorb losses.
The Basel III Rules use a standardized approach for risk weightings that expands the risk-weighting for assets and off-balance sheet exposures from the previous 0%, 20%, 50% and 100% categories to a much larger and more risk-sensitive number of categories, depending on the nature of the assets and off-balance sheet exposures and resulting in higher risk weightings for a variety of asset categories.
Banks are evaluated for capital adequacy by regulatory supervisory agencies based on the ratio of capital to risk-weighted assets and total assets. The minimum capital to risk-weighted assets requirements, including the capital conservation buffers, which became effective for Mid Penn and the Bank on January 1, 2016, are illustrated below. At March 31, 2023, regulatory capital ratios for both Mid Penn and the Bank met the definition of a "well-capitalized" institution under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, and exceeded the minimum capital requirements under Basel III.
Mid Penn maintained the following regulatory capital ratios in comparison to regulatory requirements:

|  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | Regulatory Minimum for Capital Adequacy |  | Fully Phased-In, with Capital Conversation Buffers
Total Risk-Based Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  | 13.13 | % |  | 13.19 | % |  | 10.50 | % |  | 10.50 | %
Tier I Risk-Based Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  | 10.77 |  |  | 11.18 |  |  | 8.50 |  |  | 8.50 |
Common Equity Tier I (to Risk-Weighted Assets) |  | 10.77 |  |  | 11.18 |  |  | 7.00 |  |  | 7.00 |
Tier I Leverage Capital (to Average Assets) |  | 9.21 |  |  | 8.57 |  |  | 4.00 |  |  | 4.00 |

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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Corporation and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements and the Bank was considered "well-capitalized". However, future changes in regulations could increase capital requirements and may have an adverse effect on capital resources.
Shareholders' Equity
Shareholders' equity, or capital, is evaluated in relation to total assets and the risk associated with those assets, and the desire to collectively maintain and enhance shareholders’ value, and satisfactorily address regulatory capital requirements. Accordingly, capital management has been, and will continue to be, of paramount importance to Mid Penn.
Shareholders’ equity decreased by $1.3 million, or 0.3%, from $512.1 million as of December 31, 2022 to $510.8 million as of March 31, 2023, primarily due to the $11.5 million reduction to retained earnings as a result of the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023 and the $3.2 million of dividends declared, partially offset by earnings of $11.2 million and an increase in the carrying value of the AFS investment portfolio of $1.8 million.
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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As a financial institution, Mid Penn’s primary source of market risk is interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is the exposure to fluctuations in Mid Penn’s future earnings, earnings at risk, resulting from changes in interest rates. This exposure or sensitivity is a function of the repricing characteristics of Mid Penn's portfolio of assets and liabilities. Each asset and liability reprices either at maturity or during the life of the instrument. Interest rate sensitivity is measured as the difference between the volume of assets and liabilities that are subject to repricing in a future period of time.
The principal purpose of asset-liability management is to maximize current and future net interest income within acceptable levels of interest rate risk while satisfying liquidity and capital requirements. Net interest income is increased by increasing the net interest margin and by volume growth. Thus, the goal of interest rate risk management is to maintain a balance between risk and reward such that net interest income is maximized while risk is maintained at an acceptable level.
Mid Penn utilizes an asset-liability management model to measure the impact of interest rate movements on its interest rate sensitivity position. Mid Penn’s management also reviews the traditional maturity gap analysis regularly. Mid Penn does not always attempt to achieve an exact match between interest sensitive assets and liabilities because it believes that an actively managed amount of interest rate risk is inherent and appropriate in the management of Mid Penn’s profitability.
Modeling techniques and simulation analysis involve assumptions and estimates that inherently cannot be measured with complete precision. Key assumptions in the analyses include maturity and repricing characteristics of assets and liabilities, prepayments on amortizing assets, non-maturing deposit sensitivity, and loan and deposit pricing. These assumptions are inherently uncertain due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of rate changes and changes in market conditions and management strategies, among other factors. However, the analyses are useful in quantifying risk and provide a relative gauge of Mid Penn’s interest rate risk position over time.
Management reviews interest rate risk on a quarterly basis. This analysis includes earnings scenarios whereby interest rates are increased or decreased by 100, 200, 300 and 400 bps. These scenarios, detailed in the table below, indicate that Mid Penn would experience enhanced net interest income over a one-year time frame due to upward interest rate changes and due to a reduction in interest rates to 300 bps. A reduction in rates greater than 300 bps would result in a decline in net interest income over a one-year time frame; however, actual results could vary significantly from the calculations prepared by management. At March 31, 2023, all interest rate risk levels according to the model were within the tolerance limits of the Board-approved policy.

Change in Basis Points |  | % Change in Net Interest Income |  | Policy Risk Limit
400 |  | 2.89% |  | ≥ -25%
300 |  | 2.23% |  | ≥ -20%
200 |  | 1.55% |  | ≥ -15%
100 |  | 0.83% |  | ≥ -10%
(100) |  | 0.71% |  | ≥ -10%
(200) |  | 0.76% |  | ≥ -15%
(300) |  | (1.61)% |  | ≥ -20%
(400) |  | (4.05)% |  | ≥ -25%

ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Mid Penn maintains controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that Mid Penn files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Based upon their evaluation of those controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023, Mid Penn’s management, with the participation of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date.
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Changes in Internal Controls
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Corporation implemented new CECL accounting policies, procedures, and controls as part of its adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 and subsequent ASUs issued to amend ASC Topic 326. There were no other changes in Mid Penn’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonable likely to materially affect, Mid Penn’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Based on information currently available, management is not aware of any litigation that would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position of Mid Penn or its subsidiaries taken as a whole. There are no proceedings pending other than ordinary routine litigation occurring in the normal course of business. In addition, management does not know of any material proceedings contemplated by governmental authorities against Mid Penn or any of its properties.
ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS
Management has reviewed the risk factors that were previously disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, to determine if there were material changes applicable to the three months ended March 31, 2023. Other then as noted below, there have been no material changes to such risk factors.
Adverse developments affecting the banking industry, such as recent bank failures or concerns involving liquidity, may have material adverse effects on Mid Penn’s operations.
Recent events impacting the banking industry, including the failure of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and First Republic Bank, have resulted in decreased confidence in banks among deposit customers, investors and other counterparties. These banks had elevated levels of uninsured deposits, which may be less likely to remain at the bank over time and less stable as a source of funding than insured deposits.
The failures of these three banks have caused significant disruption, volatility and reduced valuations of equity and other securities of banks in the capital markets. These events occurred during a period of rapidly rising interest rates, which, among other things, has resulted in unrealized losses in Mid Penn’s available for sale debt securities portfolio and increased competition for bank deposits. These events have, and could continue to have, adverse impacts on the market price and volatility of Mid Penn’s stock. These events could also lead to increases in Mid Penn’s interest expense, as it has raised and may continue to raise interest rates paid to depositors in order to compete with other banks.
Additionally, these bank failures have caused concern and uncertainty regarding the liquidity adequacy of the banking sector as a whole and resulted in some bank customers choosing to maintain deposits with larger financial institutions. A significant reduction in Mid Penn’s deposits could materially adversely impact Mid Penn’s liquidity, ability to fund loans, and results of operations. In addition to customer deposits, Mid Penn borrows on an overnight and short-term basis from third parties in the form of federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements and through lines of credit and borrowings from the FHLB and other correspondent banks. If the Company is not able to access borrowings through those facilities due to an increase in demand from other banks or due to insufficient levels of pledgeable assets, its ability to borrow funds may be materially adversely impacted.
ITEM 2 – UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
(1)None.
(2)None.
(3)Mid Penn adopted a treasury stock repurchase program initially effective March 19, 2020, and extended through March 19, 2023 by Mid Penn’s Board of Directors on March 23, 2022. The treasury stock repurchase program expired March 19, 2023.
ITEM 3 – DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None
ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable
ITEM 5 – OTHER INFORMATION
None
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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
ITEM 6 – EXHIBITS
•Exhibit 3.1 – The Registrant’s Articles of Incorporation.
•Exhibit 3.2 – The Registrant’s By-laws. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2022.)
•Exhibit 31.1 – Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) as added by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
•Exhibit 31.2 - Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) as added by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
•Exhibit 32 – Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as added by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
•Exhibit 101.SCH – Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
•Exhibit 101.CAL – Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
•Exhibit 101.DEF – Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
•Exhibit 101.LAB – Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
•Exhibit 101.PRE – Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
•Exhibit 104 – Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
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MID PENN BANCORP, INC.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| Mid Penn Bancorp, Inc. (Registrant) |
By: | /s/ Rory G. Ritrievi |
| Rory G. Ritrievi President and CEO (Principal Executive Officer) |
Date: | May 9, 2023 |
By: | /s/ Allison S. Johnson |
| Allison S. Johnson Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
Date: | May 9, 2023 |

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