Three months ended

Nine months ended

September 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

Segment adjusted gross profit:

Cloud and Edge

$

77,387

$

86,661

$

229,537

$

226,726

IP Optical Networks

35,805

29,634

86,580

93,390

Total segment adjusted gross profit

113,192

116,295

316,117

320,116

Reconciliation of segment adjusted gross profit to gross profit and loss before income taxes

Stock-based compensation expense

(169)

(355)

(752)

(1,271)

Amortization of acquired technology

(5,057)

(6,323)

(15,722)

(19,406)

Gross profit

107,966

109,617

299,643

299,439

Research and development expense

45,894

45,645

134,158

134,897

Sales and marketing expense

33,063

33,060

97,387

100,760

General and administrative expense

16,368

21,588

48,126

51,680

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

5,933

6,457

18,063

19,671

Acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related expense

439

—

4,337

—

Restructuring and related expense

3,506

3,794

10,193

8,779

Interest expense, net

11,606

11,952

33,083

21,818

Other expense (income), net

134

(1,056)

(836)

15,960

Loss before income taxes

$

(8,977)

$

(11,823)

$

(44,868)

$

(54,126)