SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Orrstown Financial Services, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”) is a financial holding company that operates Orrstown Bank (the "Bank"), a commercial bank with 25 branches in Berks, Cumberland, Dauphin, Franklin, Lancaster, and Perry Counties of Pennsylvania and in Washington County, Maryland and a Registered Investment Advisor non-bank subsidiary, Wheatland Advisors, Inc. ("Wheatland") headquartered in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The Bank engages in lending services for commercial, residential, commercial mortgages, construction, municipal, and various forms of consumer lending. Deposit services include checking, savings, time, and money market deposits. The Bank also provides investment and brokerage services through its Orrstown Financial Advisors division. The Company is subject to the regulation of certain federal and state agencies and undergoes periodic examinations by such regulatory authorities. The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and, where applicable, to accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by bank regulatory authorities. The more significant accounting policies follow: Principles of Consolidation – The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Orrstown Financial Services, Inc. (the "Parent Company") and its wholly owned subsidiaries, the Bank and Wheatland. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. In December 2016, the Company acquired Wheatland. The results of operations or assets acquired and liabilities assumed are included only from the date of acquisition. Pro forma financial information for this transaction has not been included because the acquisition was immaterial. The purchase price allocation for the acquisition is estimated at December 31, 2016. The Company's management has evaluated all activity of the Company and concluded that subsequent events are properly reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements and notes as required by GAAP. Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions based on available information. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and accounting for income taxes. Reclassifications – Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period classifications. The reclassifications had no effect on gross revenues, gross expenses, net income, shareholders' equity, or the net change in cash and cash equivalents and are not material to previously issued consolidated financial statements. Concentration of Credit Risk – The Company grants commercial, residential, construction, municipal, and various forms of consumer lending to customers primarily in its market area of Berks, Cumberland, Dauphin, Franklin, Lancaster, and Perry Counties of Pennsylvania and in Washington County, Maryland. Therefore the Company's exposure to credit risk is significantly affected by changes in the economy in that area. Although the Company believes it maintains a diversified loan portfolio, a significant portion of its customers’ ability to honor their contracts is dependent upon economic sectors for commercial real estate, including office space, retail strip centers, multi-family and hospitality, residential building operators, sales finance, sub-dividers and developers. Management evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if collateral is deemed necessary by the Company upon the extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies, but generally includes real estate and equipment. The types of securities the Company invests in are included in Note 3, Securities Available for Sale, and the type of lending the Company engages in are included in Note 4, Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses. Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents include cash, balances due from banks, federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits due on demand, all of which have original maturities of 90 days or less. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, loans held for sale, redemption (purchases) of restricted investments in bank stocks, and short-term borrowings. Restricted Investments in Bank Stocks – Restricted investments in bank stocks consist of Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia (“Federal Reserve Bank”) stock, Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (“FHLB”) stock and Atlantic Community Bankers Bank stock. Federal law requires a member institution of the district Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB to hold stock according to predetermined formulas. Atlantic Community Bankers Bank requires its correspondent banking institutions to hold stock as a condition of membership. The restricted investment in bank stocks is carried at cost. Quarterly, management evaluates the bank stocks for impairment based on assessment of the ultimate recoverability of cost rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of cost is influenced by criteria such as operating performance, liquidity, funding and capital positions, stock repurchase history, dividend history and impact of legislative and regulatory changes. Securities – The Company classifies debt and marketable equity securities as available for sale on the date of purchase. At December 31, 2016 and 2015 the Company had no held to maturity or trading securities. Securities classified as available for sale are reported at fair value. Interest income and dividends are recognized in interest income on an accrual basis. Purchase premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized to interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities and approximate the level yield method. Changes in unrealized gains and losses, net of related deferred taxes, for available for sale securities are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses on securities are recorded on the trade date using the specific identification method and are included in noninterest income. Securities classified as available for sale include investments that management intends to use as part of its asset/liability management strategy. Securities may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, changes in prepayment rate and other factors. The Company does not have the intent to sell any of its available for sale securities that are in an unrealized loss position and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost. Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings. For debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the amount of impairment is split into two components: OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement; and OTTI related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis. For equity securities, the entire amount of impairment is recognized through earnings. The Company’s securities are exposed to various risks, such as interest rate risk, market risk, and credit risks. Due to the level of risk associated with certain investments and the level of uncertainty related to changes in the value of investments, it is at least reasonably possible that changes in risks in the near term would materially affect investment assets reported in the consolidated financial statements. Loans Held for Sale – Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value ("LOCM"). Gains and losses on loans sold (sales proceeds minus carrying value) are included in noninterest income. Loans – The Company grants commercial loans; residential, commercial and construction mortgage loans; and various forms of consumer loans to its customers located principally in South Central Pennsylvania and northern Maryland. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is dependent largely upon the real estate and general economic conditions in this area. Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for charge-offs, the allowance for loan losses, and any deferred fees or costs on originated loans. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and amortized as a yield adjustment over the respective term of the loan. For all classes of loans, the accrual of interest income on loans, including impaired loans, ceases when principal or interest is past due 90 days or more or immediately if, in the opinion of management, full collection is unlikely. Interest will continue to accrue on loans past due 90 days or more if the collateral is adequate to cover principal and interest, and the loan is in the process of collection. Interest accrued, but not collected, at the date of placement on nonaccrual status, is reversed and charged against current interest income, unless fully collateralized. Subsequent payments received are either applied to the outstanding principal balance or recorded as interest income, depending upon management’s assessment of the ultimate collectability of principal. Loans are returned to accrual status, for all loan classes, when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, the loan has performed in accordance with the contractual terms of the note for a reasonable period of time, generally six months, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. Loans, the terms of which are modified, are classified as troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") if a concession was granted in connection with the modification, for legal or economic reasons, related to a debtor’s financial difficulties. Concessions granted under a TDR typically involve a temporary deferral of scheduled loan payments, an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date, temporary reduction in interest rates, or granting of an interest rate below market rates given the risk of the transaction. If a modification occurs while the loan is on accruing status, it will continue to accrue interest under the modified terms. Nonaccrual TDRs may be restored to accrual status if scheduled principal and interest payments, under the modified terms, are current for six months after modification, and the borrower continues to demonstrate its ability to meet the modified terms. TDRs are evaluated individually for impairment on a quarterly basis including monitoring of performance according to their modified terms. Allowance for Loan Losses – The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a quarterly basis, as losses are estimated to be probable and incurred, through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management determines that all or a portion of the loan is uncollectible. Recoveries on previously charged-off loans are credited to the allowance when received. The allowance is allocated to loan portfolio classes on a quarterly basis, but the entire balance is available to cover losses from any of the portfolio classes when those losses are confirmed. Management uses internal policies and bank regulatory guidance in periodically evaluating loans for collectability and incorporates historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. See Note 4, Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses, for additional details. Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments – Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. These financial instruments are recorded when they are funded. The Company maintains a reserve for probable losses on off-balance sheet commitments which is included in Other Liabilities. Loans Serviced – The Bank administers secondary market mortgage programs available through the FHLB and the Federal National Mortgage Association and offers residential mortgage products and services to customers. The Bank originates single-family residential mortgage loans for immediate sale in the secondary market and retains the servicing of those loans. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the balance of loans serviced for others was $328,701,000 and $317,793,000. Transfers of Financial Assets – Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity. Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance – The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain employees. Life insurance is recorded at the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement. Premises and Equipment – Buildings, improvements, equipment, furniture and fixtures are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Land is carried at cost. Depreciation and amortization has been provided generally on the straight-line method and is computed over the estimated useful lives of the various assets as follows: buildings and improvements, including leasehold improvements – 10 to 40 years; and furniture and equipment – 3 to 15 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the indicated life. Repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred, while major additions and improvements are capitalized. Gain or loss on retirement or disposal of individual assets is recorded as income or expense in the period of retirement or disposal. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets – Goodwill is calculated as the purchase premium, if any, after adjusting for the fair value of net assets acquired in purchase transactions. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for potential impairment on at least an annual basis, with testing between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit. Other intangible assets represent purchased assets that can be distinguished from goodwill because of contractual or other legal rights. The Company’s other intangible assets have finite lives and are amortized, on a straight line basis, over their estimated lives, generally 10 years for deposit premiums and 10 to 15 years for customer lists. Mortgage Servicing Rights – The estimated fair value of mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs") related to loans sold and serviced by the Company is recorded as an asset upon the sale of such loans. MSRs are amortized as a reduction to servicing income over the estimated lives of the underlying loans. MSRs are evaluated periodically for impairment, by comparing the carrying amount to estimated fair value. Fair value is determined periodically through a discounted cash flows valuation performed by a third party. Significant inputs to the valuation include expected servicing income, net of expense, the discount rate and the expected life of the underlying loans. To the extent the amortized cost of the MSRs exceeds their estimated fair values, a valuation allowance is established for such impairment through a charge against servicing income on the consolidated statement of operations. If the Company determines, based on subsequent valuations, that impairment no longer exists or is reduced, the valuation allowance is reduced through a credit to earnings. The balance of mortgage servicing rights was $2,835,000 and $2,672,000 at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, and is included in Other Assets. Foreclosed Real Estate – Real estate property acquired through foreclosure or other means is initially recorded at the fair value of the related real estate collateral at the transfer date less estimated selling costs, and subsequently at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less estimated costs to sell through a valuation reserve. Costs to maintain foreclosed real estate are expensed as incurred. Costs that significantly improve the value of the properties are capitalized. Foreclosed real estate totaled $346,000 and $710,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015 and is included in Other Assets. Investments in Real Estate Partnerships – The Company currently has a 99% limited partner interest in several real estate partnerships in central Pennsylvania. These investments are affordable housing projects which entitle the Company to tax deductions and credits that expire through 2025. The Company accounts for its investments in affordable housing projects under the proportional amortization method when the criteria are met, which is limited to one investment entered into in 2015. Investments prior to 2015 did not meet the criteria, and are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The recorded investment in these real estate partnerships, included in Other Assets, totaled $4,909,000 and $5,450,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, of which $1,993,000 and $2,205,000 are accounted for under the proportional amortization method. Losses accounted for under the equity method of $350,000, $384,000 and $150,000 were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and are included in other noninterest income. Losses on the investments accounted for under the proportional amortization method of $191,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 net of federal income tax benefit, is netted against income tax expense. During 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company recognized federal tax credits from the projects totaling $736,000, $475,000 and $475,000, which is included in income tax expense. Advertising – The Company expenses advertising as incurred. Advertising expense was $763,000, $723,000 and $540,000, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase (“Repurchase Agreements”) – The Company enters into agreements under which it sells securities subject to an obligation to repurchase the same or similar securities which are included in short-term borrowings. Under these agreements, the Company may transfer legal control over the assets but still retain effective control through an agreement that both entitles and obligates the Company to repurchase the assets. As a result, these Repurchase Agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing arrangements (i.e., secured borrowings) and not as a sale and subsequent repurchase of securities. The obligation to repurchase the securities is reflected as a liability in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, while the securities underlying the Repurchase Agreements remain is reflected in securities available for sale; the repurchase obligation and underlying securities are not offset or netted. The Company does not enter into reverse Repurchase Agreements, so there is no offsetting to be done with Repurchase Agreements. The right of setoff for a Repurchase Agreement resembles a secured borrowing, whereby the collateral would be used to settle the fair value of the Repurchase Agreement should the Company be in default (e.g., fails to make an interest payment to the counterparty). For the Repurchase Agreements, the collateral is held by the Company in a segregated custodial account under a third party agreement. Repurchase agreements are secured by U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprises mortgage-backed securities and mature overnight. Share Compensation Plans – The Company has share compensation plans that cover employees and non-employee directors. Compensation expense relating to share-based payment transactions is measured based on the grant date fair value of the share award, including a Black-Scholes model for stock options. Compensation expense for all share awards is calculated and recognized over the employees’ service period, generally defined as the vesting period. Income Taxes – The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, on income taxes as a component of income tax expense. Loss Contingencies – Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Treasury Stock – Common stock shares repurchased are recorded as treasury stock at cost. Earnings Per Share – Basic earnings per share represents income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Restricted stock awards are included in weighted average common shares outstanding as they are earned. Diluted earnings per share includes additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate solely to outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards and are determined using the treasury stock method. Treasury shares are not deemed outstanding for earnings per share calculations. Comprehensive Income – Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income is limited to unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale for all years presented. Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale, net of tax, was the sole component of accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2016 and 2015 and totaled ($1,165,000) and $1,199,000. Fair Value – Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 17, Fair Value. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates. Segment Reporting – The Company operates in one significant segment – Community Banking. The Company’s non-banking activities are insignificant to the consolidated financial statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements - In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update No. ("ASU") 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-9, as amended, creates a new topic, Topic 606, to provide guidance on revenue recognition for entities that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enter into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additional disclosures are required to provide quantitative and qualitative information regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. These changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Management is evaluating the impact of this standard on the Company's financial position and results of operations. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. ASU 2016-01 provides updated accounting and reporting requirements for both public and non-public entities. The most significant provisions that will impact the Company are: equity securities available for sale will be measured at fair value, with the changes in fair value recognized in the income statement; the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments at amortized cost on the balance sheet has been eliminated; a provision to require the utilization of the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; and a requirement for separate presentation of both financial assets and liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or accompanying notes to the financial statements. These changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, using a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet. Management is evaluating the impact of this standard on the Company's financial position and results of operations. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-12 provides updated accounting and reporting requirements, which, among other things, require lessees to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. These changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Earlier application is permitted. Lessees must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. The Company anticipates that the impact on its balance sheet will result in an increase in assets and liabilities for its right of use assets and related lease liabilities for those leases that are outstanding at the date of adoption, however, it does not anticipate it will have a material impact on its results of operations. Management is evaluating other effects of this standard on the Company's financial position and regulatory capital. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718). ASU 2016-09 requires recognition of the income tax effects of share-based awards in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled, eliminating additional paid-in capital pools. The adoption of these changes by the Company on January 1, 2017 will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with an expected loss impairment methodology, which considers a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to support credit loss estimates, including historical loss experience, current conditions and reasonable and foreseeable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 also requires enhanced and greater disclosure pertaining to significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of the Company’s financial instrument portfolio, including loans and securities. These changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 with adoption permitted one year earlier. Management is evaluating the impact of this standard on the Company's financial position, results of operations and regulatory capital. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 makes eight target changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the consolidated statement of cash flows. These changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 with adoption on a retrospective basis. Management does not anticipate this update will have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 simplifies how all entities assess goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. As amended, the goodwill impairment test will consist of one step comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. These changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. Management does not anticipate this update will have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Orrstown Financial Services, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”) is a financial holding company that operates Orrstown Bank (the "Bank"), a commercial bank with 25 branches in Berks, Cumberland, Dauphin, Franklin, Lancaster, and Perry Counties of Pennsylvania and in Washington County, Maryland and a Registered Investment Advisor non-bank subsidiary, Wheatland Advisors, Inc. ("Wheatland") headquartered in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The Bank engages in lending services for commercial, residential, commercial mortgages, construction, municipal, and various forms of consumer lending. Deposit services include checking, savings, time, and money market deposits. The Bank also provides investment and brokerage services through its Orrstown Financial Advisors division. The Company is subject to the regulation of certain federal and state agencies and undergoes periodic examinations by such regulatory authorities.

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and, where applicable, to accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by bank regulatory authorities. The more significant accounting policies follow:

Principles of Consolidation – The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Orrstown Financial Services, Inc. (the "Parent Company") and its wholly owned subsidiaries, the Bank and Wheatland. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. In December 2016, the Company acquired Wheatland. The results of operations or assets acquired and liabilities assumed are included only from the date of acquisition. Pro forma financial information for this transaction has not been included because the acquisition was immaterial. The purchase price allocation for the acquisition is estimated at December 31, 2016.

The Company's management has evaluated all activity of the Company and concluded that subsequent events are properly reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements and notes as required by GAAP.

Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions based on available information. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and accounting for income taxes.

Reclassifications – Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period classifications. The reclassifications had no effect on gross revenues, gross expenses, net income, shareholders' equity, or the net change in cash and cash equivalents and are not material to previously issued consolidated financial statements.

Concentration of Credit Risk – The Company grants commercial, residential, construction, municipal, and various forms of consumer lending to customers primarily in its market area of Berks, Cumberland, Dauphin, Franklin, Lancaster, and Perry Counties of Pennsylvania and in Washington County, Maryland. Therefore the Company's exposure to credit risk is significantly affected by changes in the economy in that area. Although the Company believes it maintains a diversified loan portfolio, a significant portion of its customers’ ability to honor their contracts is dependent upon economic sectors for commercial real estate, including office space, retail strip centers, multi-family and hospitality, residential building operators, sales finance, sub-dividers and developers. Management evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if collateral is deemed necessary by the Company upon the extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies, but generally includes real estate and equipment.

The types of securities the Company invests in are included in Note 3, Securities Available for Sale, and the type of lending the Company engages in are included in Note 4, Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses.

Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents include cash, balances due from banks, federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits due on demand, all of which have original maturities of 90 days or less. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, loans held for sale, redemption (purchases) of restricted investments in bank stocks, and short-term borrowings.

Restricted Investments in Bank Stocks – Restricted investments in bank stocks consist of Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia (“Federal Reserve Bank”) stock, Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (“FHLB”) stock and Atlantic Community Bankers Bank stock. Federal law requires a member institution of the district Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB to hold stock according to predetermined formulas. Atlantic Community Bankers Bank requires its correspondent banking institutions to hold stock as a condition of membership. The restricted investment in bank stocks is carried at cost. Quarterly, management evaluates the bank stocks for impairment based on assessment of the ultimate recoverability of cost rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of cost is influenced by criteria such as operating performance, liquidity, funding and capital positions, stock repurchase history, dividend history and impact of legislative and regulatory changes.

Securities – The Company classifies debt and marketable equity securities as available for sale on the date of purchase. At December 31, 2016 and 2015 the Company had no held to maturity or trading securities. Securities classified as available for sale are reported at fair value. Interest income and dividends are recognized in interest income on an accrual basis. Purchase premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized to interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities and approximate the level yield method.

Changes in unrealized gains and losses, net of related deferred taxes, for available for sale securities are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses on securities are recorded on the trade date using the specific identification method and are included in noninterest income.

Securities classified as available for sale include investments that management intends to use as part of its asset/liability management strategy. Securities may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, changes in prepayment rate and other factors. The Company does not have the intent to sell any of its available for sale securities that are in an unrealized loss position and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost.

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings. For debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the amount of impairment is split into two components: OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement; and OTTI related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis. For equity securities, the entire amount of impairment is recognized through earnings.

The Company’s securities are exposed to various risks, such as interest rate risk, market risk, and credit risks. Due to the level of risk associated with certain investments and the level of uncertainty related to changes in the value of investments, it is at least reasonably possible that changes in risks in the near term would materially affect investment assets reported in the consolidated financial statements.

Loans Held for Sale – Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value ("LOCM"). Gains and losses on loans sold (sales proceeds minus carrying value) are included in noninterest income.

Loans – The Company grants commercial loans; residential, commercial and construction mortgage loans; and various forms of consumer loans to its customers located principally in South Central Pennsylvania and northern Maryland. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is dependent largely upon the real estate and general economic conditions in this area.

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for charge-offs, the allowance for loan losses, and any deferred fees or costs on originated loans. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and amortized as a yield adjustment over the respective term of the loan.

For all classes of loans, the accrual of interest income on loans, including impaired loans, ceases when principal or interest is past due 90 days or more or immediately if, in the opinion of management, full collection is unlikely. Interest will continue to accrue on loans past due 90 days or more if the collateral is adequate to cover principal and interest, and the loan is in the process of collection. Interest accrued, but not collected, at the date of placement on nonaccrual status, is reversed and charged against current interest income, unless fully collateralized. Subsequent payments received are either applied to the outstanding principal balance or recorded as interest income, depending upon management’s assessment of the ultimate collectability of principal. Loans are returned to accrual status, for all loan classes, when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, the loan has performed in accordance with the contractual terms of the note for a reasonable period of time, generally six months, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan.

Loans, the terms of which are modified, are classified as troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") if a concession was granted in connection with the modification, for legal or economic reasons, related to a debtor’s financial difficulties. Concessions granted under a TDR typically involve a temporary deferral of scheduled loan payments, an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date, temporary reduction in interest rates, or granting of an interest rate below market rates given the risk of the transaction. If a modification occurs while the loan is on accruing status, it will continue to accrue interest under the modified terms. Nonaccrual TDRs may be restored to accrual status if scheduled principal and interest payments, under the modified terms, are current for six months after modification, and the borrower continues to demonstrate its ability to meet the modified terms. TDRs are evaluated individually for impairment on a quarterly basis including monitoring of performance according to their modified terms.

Allowance for Loan Losses – The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a quarterly basis, as losses are estimated to be probable and incurred, through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management determines that all or a portion of the loan is uncollectible. Recoveries on previously charged-off loans are credited to the allowance when received. The allowance is allocated to loan portfolio classes on a quarterly basis, but the entire balance is available to cover losses from any of the portfolio classes when those losses are confirmed.

Management uses internal policies and bank regulatory guidance in periodically evaluating loans for collectability and incorporates historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

See Note 4, Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses, for additional details.

Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments – Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. These financial instruments are recorded when they are funded. The Company maintains a reserve for probable losses on off-balance sheet commitments which is included in Other Liabilities.

Loans Serviced – The Bank administers secondary market mortgage programs available through the FHLB and the Federal National Mortgage Association and offers residential mortgage products and services to customers. The Bank originates single-family residential mortgage loans for immediate sale in the secondary market and retains the servicing of those loans. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the balance of loans serviced for others was $328,701,000 and $317,793,000.

Transfers of Financial Assets – Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance – The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain employees. Life insurance is recorded at the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Premises and Equipment – Buildings, improvements, equipment, furniture and fixtures are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Land is carried at cost. Depreciation and amortization has been provided generally on the straight-line method and is computed over the estimated useful lives of the various assets as follows: buildings and improvements, including leasehold improvements – 10 to 40 years; and furniture and equipment – 3 to 15 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the indicated life. Repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred, while major additions and improvements are capitalized. Gain or loss on retirement or disposal of individual assets is recorded as income or expense in the period of retirement or disposal.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets – Goodwill is calculated as the purchase premium, if any, after adjusting for the fair value of net assets acquired in purchase transactions. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for potential impairment on at least an annual basis, with testing between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit. Other intangible assets represent purchased assets that can be distinguished from goodwill because of contractual or other legal rights. The Company’s other intangible assets have finite lives and are amortized, on a straight line basis, over their estimated lives, generally 10 years for deposit premiums and 10 to 15 years for customer lists.

Mortgage Servicing Rights – The estimated fair value of mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs") related to loans sold and serviced by the Company is recorded as an asset upon the sale of such loans. MSRs are amortized as a reduction to servicing income over the estimated lives of the underlying loans. MSRs are evaluated periodically for impairment, by comparing the carrying amount to estimated fair value. Fair value is determined periodically through a discounted cash flows valuation performed by a third party. Significant inputs to the valuation include expected servicing income, net of expense, the discount rate and the expected life of the underlying loans. To the extent the amortized cost of the MSRs exceeds their estimated fair values, a valuation allowance is established for such impairment through a charge against servicing income on the consolidated statement of operations. If the Company determines, based on subsequent valuations, that impairment no longer exists or is reduced, the valuation allowance is reduced through a credit to earnings. The balance of mortgage servicing rights was $2,835,000 and $2,672,000 at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, and is included in Other Assets.

Foreclosed Real Estate – Real estate property acquired through foreclosure or other means is initially recorded at the fair value of the related real estate collateral at the transfer date less estimated selling costs, and subsequently at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less estimated costs to sell through a valuation reserve. Costs to maintain foreclosed real estate are expensed as incurred. Costs that significantly improve the value of the properties are capitalized. Foreclosed real estate totaled $346,000 and $710,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015 and is included in Other Assets.

Investments in Real Estate Partnerships – The Company currently has a 99% limited partner interest in several real estate partnerships in central Pennsylvania. These investments are affordable housing projects which entitle the Company to tax deductions and credits that expire through 2025. The Company accounts for its investments in affordable housing projects under the proportional amortization method when the criteria are met, which is limited to one investment entered into in 2015. Investments prior to 2015 did not meet the criteria, and are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The recorded investment in these real estate partnerships, included in Other Assets, totaled $4,909,000 and $5,450,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, of which $1,993,000 and $2,205,000 are accounted for under the proportional amortization method.

Losses accounted for under the equity method of $350,000, $384,000 and $150,000 were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and are included in other noninterest income. Losses on the investments accounted for under the proportional amortization method of $191,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 net of federal income tax benefit, is netted against income tax expense. During 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company recognized federal tax credits from the projects totaling $736,000, $475,000 and $475,000, which is included in income tax expense.

Advertising – The Company expenses advertising as incurred. Advertising expense was $763,000, $723,000 and $540,000, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase (“Repurchase Agreements”) – The Company enters into agreements under which it sells securities subject to an obligation to repurchase the same or similar securities which are included in short-term borrowings. Under these agreements, the Company may transfer legal control over the assets but still retain effective control through an agreement that both entitles and obligates the Company to repurchase the assets. As a result, these Repurchase Agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing arrangements (i.e., secured borrowings) and not as a sale and subsequent repurchase of securities. The obligation to repurchase the securities is reflected as a liability in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, while the securities underlying the Repurchase Agreements remain is reflected in securities available for sale; the repurchase obligation and underlying securities are not offset or netted. The Company does not enter into reverse Repurchase Agreements, so there is no offsetting to be done with Repurchase Agreements.

The right of setoff for a Repurchase Agreement resembles a secured borrowing, whereby the collateral would be used to settle the fair value of the Repurchase Agreement should the Company be in default (e.g., fails to make an interest payment to the counterparty). For the Repurchase Agreements, the collateral is held by the Company in a segregated custodial account under a third party agreement. Repurchase agreements are secured by U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprises mortgage-backed securities and mature overnight.

Share Compensation Plans – The Company has share compensation plans that cover employees and non-employee directors. Compensation expense relating to share-based payment transactions is measured based on the grant date fair value of the share award, including a Black-Scholes model for stock options. Compensation expense for all share awards is calculated and recognized over the employees’ service period, generally defined as the vesting period.

Income Taxes – The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur.

Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.

Loss Contingencies – Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated.

Treasury Stock – Common stock shares repurchased are recorded as treasury stock at cost.

Earnings Per Share – Basic earnings per share represents income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Restricted stock awards are included in weighted average common shares outstanding as they are earned. Diluted earnings per share includes additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate solely to outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards and are determined using the treasury stock method.

Treasury shares are not deemed outstanding for earnings per share calculations.

Comprehensive Income – Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income is limited to unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale for all years presented. Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale, net of tax, was the sole component of accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2016 and 2015 and totaled ($1,165,000) and $1,199,000.

Fair Value – Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 17, Fair Value. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates.

Segment Reporting – The Company operates in one significant segment – Community Banking. The Company’s non-banking activities are insignificant to the consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements - In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update No. ("ASU") 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-9, as amended, creates a new topic, Topic 606, to provide guidance on revenue recognition for entities that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enter into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additional disclosures are required to provide quantitative and qualitative information regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. These changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Management is evaluating the impact of this standard on the Company's financial position and results of operations.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. ASU 2016-01 provides updated accounting and reporting requirements for both public and non-public entities. The most significant provisions that will impact the Company are: equity securities available for sale will be measured at fair value, with the changes in fair value recognized in the income statement; the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments at amortized cost on the balance sheet has been eliminated; a provision to require the utilization of the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; and a requirement for separate presentation of both financial assets and liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or accompanying notes to the financial statements. These changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, using a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet. Management is evaluating the impact of this standard on the Company's financial position and results of operations.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-12 provides updated accounting and reporting requirements, which, among other things, require lessees to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. These changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Earlier application is permitted. Lessees must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. The Company anticipates that the impact on its balance sheet will result in an increase in assets and liabilities for its right of use assets and related lease liabilities for those leases that are outstanding at the date of adoption, however, it does not anticipate it will have a material impact on its results of operations. Management is evaluating other effects of this standard on the Company's financial position and regulatory capital.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718). ASU 2016-09 requires recognition of the income tax effects of share-based awards in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled, eliminating additional paid-in capital pools. The adoption of these changes by the Company on January 1, 2017 will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with an expected loss impairment methodology, which considers a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to support credit loss estimates, including historical loss experience, current conditions and reasonable and foreseeable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 also requires enhanced and greater disclosure pertaining to significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of the Company’s financial instrument portfolio, including loans and securities. These changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 with adoption permitted one year earlier. Management is evaluating the impact of this standard on the Company's financial position, results of operations and regulatory capital.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 makes eight target changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the consolidated statement of cash flows. These changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 with adoption on a retrospective basis. Management does not anticipate this update will have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 simplifies how all entities assess goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. As amended, the goodwill impairment test will consist of one step comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. These changes become effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. Management does not anticipate this update will have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations.