INVESTMENT SECURITIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

INVESTMENT SECURITIESAt March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all investment securities were classified as AFS. The following table summarizes amortized cost, fair value and ACL of investment securities, and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in AOCI, and the allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
March 31, 2023
U.S. Treasury securities	$	20,067	$	—	$	2,374	$	—	$	17,693
U.S. Government Agencies	4,754		218		—		—		4,972

States and political subdivisions	225,309		36		21,743		—		203,602
GSE residential MBSs	63,314		—		3,943		—		59,371
GSE commercial MBSs	5,289		448		—		—		5,737
GSE residential CMOs	73,975		9		5,880		—		68,104

Non-agency CMOs	45,154		213		4,476		—		40,891


Asset-backed	122,776		194		3,478		—		119,492
Other	370		—		—		—		370
Totals	$	561,008	$	1,118	$	41,894	$	—	$	520,232
December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasury securities	$	20,070	$	—	$	2,779	n/a		$	17,291
U.S. Government Agencies	4,907		228		—		n/a		5,135

States and political subdivisions	225,825		19		28,430		n/a		197,414
GSE residential MBSs	63,778		—		4,376		n/a		59,402

GSE residential CMOs	75,446		—		7,068		n/a		68,378

Non-agency CMOs	42,298		243		2,783		n/a		39,758


Asset-backed	130,577		—		4,604		n/a		125,973
Other	377		—		—		n/a		377
Totals	$	563,278	$	490	$	50,040	n/a		$	513,728

The following table summarizes investment securities with unrealized losses, for which an ACL has not been recorded at March 31, 2023 and cumulative OTTI expense was not recognized at December 31, 2022, aggregated by major investment security type and the length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position.


	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
	# of Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		# of Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		# of Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
March 31, 2023
U.S. Treasury securities	—	$	—	$	—	3	$	17,693	$	2,374	3	$	17,693	$	2,374

States and political subdivisions	10	25,901		883		33	174,145		20,860		43	200,046		21,743
GSE residential MBSs	—	—		—		15	59,371		3,943		15	59,371		3,943
GSE residential CMOs	2	10,157		118		13	57,218		5,762		15	67,375		5,880
Non-agency CMOs	4	25,164		2,347		2	8,050		2,129		6	33,214		4,476



Asset-backed	4	9,534		114		15	93,701		3,364		19	103,235		3,478
Totals	20	$	70,756	$	3,462	81	$	410,178	$	38,432	101	$	480,934	$	41,894
December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasury securities	—	$	—	$	—	3	$	17,291	$	2,779	3	$	17,291	$	2,779


States and political subdivisions	29	135,579		13,809		17	60,102		14,621		46	195,681		28,430
GSE residential MBSs	5	26,100		925		10	33,302		3,451		15	59,402		4,376
GSE residential CMOs	8	28,732		1,884		9	39,646		5,184		17	68,378		7,068
Non-agency CMOs	4	26,555		1,135		2	8,639		1,648		6	35,194		2,783



Asset-backed	17	78,873		2,432		5	47,100		2,172		22	125,973		4,604
Totals	63	$	295,839	$	20,185	46	$	206,080	$	29,855	109	$	501,919	$	50,040

The Company is required to conduct an impairment evaluation on AFS securities to determine whether the Company has the intent to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery. If these situations apply, the guidance requires the Company to reduce the security's amortized cost basis down to its fair value through earnings. The Company also evaluates the unrealized losses on AFS securities to determine if a security's decline in fair value below its amortized cost basis is due to credit factors. The evaluation is based upon factors such as the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers, performance of the underlying collateral, if applicable, and the level of credit support in the security structure. Management also evaluates other factors and circumstances that may be indicative of a decline in the fair value of the security due to a credit factor. This includes, but is not limited to, an evaluation of the type of security, length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost and near-term prospects of the issuer. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of the expected cash flows of the security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost, an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis under the CECL standard, and declines due to non-credit factors are recorded in AOCI, net of taxes. If a credit loss is recognized in earnings, subsequent improvements to the expectation of collectability will be recognized through the ACL. If the fair value of the security increases above its amortized cost, the unrealized gain will be recorded in AOCI, net of taxes, on the consolidated statements of financial condition. Prior to implementation of the CECL standard, unrealized losses caused by a credit event would require the direct write-down of the AFS security through the other-than-temporary impairment approach.

The Company did not record an ACL on the AFS securities at March 31, 2023 or upon implementation of CECL on January 1, 2023. As of both periods, the Company considers the unrealized losses on the AFS securities to be related to fluctuations in market conditions, primarily interest rates, and not reflective of deterioration in credit. In addition, the Company maintains that it has the intent and ability to hold these AFS securities until the amortized cost is recovered and it is more likely than not that any of AFS securities in an unrealized loss position would not be required to be sold. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, unrealized losses were higher due to market uncertainty resulting from inflation and rising interest rates from the time of the security purchase.

U.S. Treasury Securities. The unrealized losses presented in the table above have been caused by an increase in rates from the time these securities were purchased. Management considers the full faith and credit of the U.S. government in determining whether declines in fair value are due to credit factors. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell them before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. In addition, the unrealized losses are not credit related. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at March 31, 2023.

States and Political Subdivisions. The unrealized losses presented in the table above have been caused by a widening of spreads and/or a rise in interest rates from the time these securities were purchased. Management considers the investment

rating, the state of the issuer of the security and other credit support in determining whether declines in fair value are due to credit factors. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell them before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. In addition, the unrealized losses are not credit related. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at March 31, 2023.

GSE Residential CMOs and GSE Residential MBS. The unrealized losses presented in the table above have been caused by a widening of spreads and a rise in interest rates from the time these securities were purchased. The contractual terms of these securities do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than its par value basis. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell them before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. In addition, the unrealized losses are not credit related. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at March 31, 2023.

Non-Agency CMOs. The unrealized losses presented in the table above were caused by a widening of spreads and a rise in interest rates from the time the securities were purchased. Management considers the investment rating and other credit support in determining whether declines in fair value are due to credit factors. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell them before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. In addition, the unrealized losses are not credit related. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at March 31, 2023.

Asset-backed. The unrealized losses presented in the table above were caused by a widening of spreads and a rise in the interest rates from the time the securities were purchased. Management considers the investment rating and other credit support in determining whether declines in fair value are due to credit factors. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell them before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. In addition, the unrealized losses are not credit related. Therefore, the Company has concluded that the unrealized losses for these securities do not require an ACL at March 31, 2023.

The following table summarizes amortized cost and fair value of investment securities by contractual maturity at March 31, 2023. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.


	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	249	$	249
Due after one year through five years	21,464		19,415
Due after five years through ten years	68,052		61,125
Due after ten years	160,735		145,848
CMOs and MBSs	187,732		174,103
Asset-backed	122,776		119,492
Totals	$	561,008	$	520,232

The following table summarizes proceeds from sales of investment securities and gross gains and gross losses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Three months ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Proceeds from sale of investment securities		$	—	$	3,075
Gross gains		—		25
Gross losses		8		—

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded net investment security losses of $8 thousand from mark-to-market losses on an equity security, compared to net gains of $25 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company did not sell any investment securities compared to a partial sale of one security with a principal balance of $3.1 million that was sold for proceeds of $3.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022 for a gross gain of $22 thousand. The Company recorded a loss of $171 thousand on a call of a non-agency CMO for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Investment securities with a fair value of $428.9 million and $396.8 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were pledged to secure public funds and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.