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Financial risk management (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]  
Schedule of sensitivity analysis risk factors affecting price of financial instrument
                             
        Impacts on income statement   Impacts on statement of comprehensive income
        Scenarios II and III   Scenarios II and III
 Risk factor  Quotation at December 31, 2024  Amount    Changes from 2024  Scenario I  -25%  -50%  +25%  +50%   Scenario I  -25%  -50%  +25%  +50%
 Cash and cash equivalents and financial investments                          
 Foreign exchange rates                            
 BRL 6.1923 58,279   4.15% - - - - -   2,453 (14,773) (29,545) 14,773 29,545
 EUR 1.0394 3,126   1.98% 62 (781) (1,563) 781 1,563   - - - - -
 PEN 3.7611 34,444   (2.31%) (795) (8,611) (17,221) 8,611 17,221   - - - - -
 CAD 1.4390 694   1.70% - - - - -   12 (174) (347) 174 347
 NAD 18.8730 1,593   (7.93%) - - - - -   (126) (398) (797) 398 797
 Interest rates                              
 BRL - CDI - SELIC 12.15% 57,969   151 bps 872 (1,761) (3,552) 1,761 3,552   - - - - -
                               
 Loans and financings                            
 Foreign exchange rates                            
 BRL 6.1923 299,844   4.15% - - - - -   (12,449) 74,961 149,922 (74,961) (149,922)
 Interest rates                              
 BRL - CDI - SELIC 12.15% 121,318   151 bps (1,826) 3,685 7,370 (3,685) (7,370)   - - - - -
 USD - SOFR 4.30% 236,978   (13) bps 304 2,545 5,090 (2,545) (5,090)   - - - - -
 IPCA - TLP 4.83% 159,509   17 bps (271) 1,926 3,852 (1,926) (3,852)   - - - - -
 TJLP 7.97% 19,018   54 bps (103) 379 758 (379) (758)   - - - - -
        54 bps   (103)   379   758   (379)   (758)            
 Other financial instruments                            
 Foreign exchange rates                            
 BRL 6.1923 (168)   4.15% (7) 42 84 (42) (84)   - - - - -
 Interest rates                              
 BRL - CDI - SELIC 12.15% (168)   151 bps (194) 456 972 (405) (767)   - - - - -
 USD - SOFR 4.30% 1,651   (13) bps - 49 98 (49) (98)   (1) (81) (163) 81 162
 Commodities price                            
 Zinc 2,974 1,651   (4.17%) 10,942 13,037 26,074 (13,037) (26,074)   (8,013) (9,547) (19,094) 9,547 19,094
Schedule of foreign exchange effects
   
USD amounts of foreign currency balances 2024 2023
 Assets    
 Cash, cash equivalents and financial investments                98,067              105,802
 Other Financial Instruments 70 29
 Trade accounts receivables                 19,553                 19,885
Total Assets       117,690       125,716
 Liabilities    
 Loans and financings              297,199              279,341
 Other Financial Instruments                      238                      479
 Trade payables              190,806             227,687
 Lease liabilities                42,357                52,896
 Use of public assets                 18,047                22,733
Total Liabilities      548,647       583,136
     
 Net exposure    (430,957)    (457,420)
Schedule of credit quality of financial assets
                       
            2024           2023
     Local rating    Global rating    Total    Local rating    Global rating    Total
 Cash and cash equivalents                    
 AAA     251,962     -     251,962     189,582     -     189,582
 AA+     1     -     1     -     -     -
 AA     -     95,461     95,461     1     -     1
 AA-     -     18,714     18,714     -     46,317     46,317
 A+     -     127,151     127,151     -     72,315     72,315
 A     8,265     24,749     33,014     -     66,342     66,342
 A-     -     61,935     61,935     -     70,155     70,155
 BB+     -     -     -     -     1     1
 No rating (i)     11,899     20,400     32,299     76     12,470     12,546
      272,127   348,410     620,537     189,659     267,600     457,259
 Financial investments                    
 AAA     19,638     -     19,638     10,994     -     10,994
 No rating (i)     55     -     55     64     -     64
      19,693     -     19,693     11,058     -     11,058
 Derivative financial instruments                    
 AAA     71     -     71     29     -     29
 A+     -     450     450     -     978     978
 A     -     842     842     -     53     53
 A-     -     3,919     3,919     -     6,667     6,667
 BBB+     -     -     -     -     166     166
      71     5,211     5,282     29     7,864     7,893
 Other assets                        
 AAA     883     -     883     -     -     -
      883     -     883     -     -     -

(i) Refers to subsidiaries of international financial institutions that do not have a global rating available in the international rating agencies. According to the Company's policy, for these financial institutions, the rating of the financial institution controlling entities is assumed, which must be at least BBB-.
Schedule of liquidity risk
           
2024   Less than 1 year Between 1 and 3 years Between 3 and 5 years Over 5 years Total
 Loans and financings   148,077 150,023 1,175,144 1,028,440 2,501,684
 Lease liabilities   29,882 37,755 6,121 12,299 86,057
 Derivative financial instruments  3,600 181 17 - 3,798
 Trade payables   443,288 - - - 443,288
 Confirming payables   268,175 - - - 268,175
 Salaries and payroll charges   70,235 - - - 70,235
 Dividends payable   3,707 - - - 3,707
 Related parties   1,125 3,079 - - 4,204

Asset retirement and environmental obligations

   47,937 76,583 60,598 364,036 549,154
 Use of public assets     1,457 3,180 3,585 28,226 36,448
    1,017,482 270,801 1,245,465 1,433,001 3,966,749

 

2023    Less than 1 year  Between 1 and 3 years  Between 3 and 5 years

Over 5 years

  Total
 Loans and financings     232,941   181,147   1,591,705   173,436   2,179,229
 Lease liabilities     29,227   49,480   16,845   14,306   109,858
 Derivative financial instruments     10,343   108   42  -   10,493
 Trade payables     451,603   -   -   -   451,603
 Confirming payables     234,385   -   -   -   234,385
 Salaries and payroll charges     68,165   -   -   -   68,165
 Dividends payable     2,830   -   -   -   2,830
 Related parties     1,062   2,873   -   -   3,935

Asset retirement and environmental obligations

     33,591   85,675   95,302   358,333   572,901
 Use of public assets       1,902   3,240   3,921   17,570   26,633
      1,066,049   322,523   1,707,815   563,645   3,660,032
Schedule of leverage ratio
           
  Note 2024   2023   2022
 Loans and financings 24 (a) 1,762,633   1,725,566   1,669,259
 Derivative financial instruments 16 (a) (1,484)   2,600   2,575
 Lease liabilities 23 (b) 95,899   77,405   27,205
 Cash and cash equivalents 15 (620,537)   (457,259)   (497,826)
 Financial investments   (19,693)   (11,058)   (18,062)
 Net debt (i)   1,216,818   1,337,254   1,183,151
             
 Net (loss) income for the year   (187,407)   (291,810)   76,988
 Plus (less):            
     Depreciation and amortization 7 330,198   310,475   292,140
     Share in the results of associates   (21,223)   (23,536)   (1,885)
     Net financial results 10 369,460   167,058   134,811
     Income tax expense (benefit)   11 (a) 115,556   (4,274)   150,983
     Miscellaneous adjustments 2 107,496   248,128   110,168
 Adjusted EBITDA (ii)   714,080   406,041   763,205
             
 Leverage ratio (Net debt/Adjusted EBITDA)   1.70   3.29   1.55

(i) Net debt is defined as (a) loans and financings, plus lease liabilities, plus or minus (b) the fair value of derivative financial instruments, less (c) cash and cash equivalents, less (d) financial investments.

(ii) Adjusted EBITDA for capital management calculation uses the same assumptions described in note 2 for Adjusted EBITDA by segment.