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Segment Information
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Segment Information [Abstract]  
Segment Information
21.
Segment Information

The reportable segments presented below represent our operating segments for which separate financial information is available and which is utilized on a regular basis by our Chief Executive Officer, who is our chief operating decision maker, to assess performance and to allocate resources.

Our TiO2 operating segment includes the following:

•
exploration, mining, and beneficiation of mineral sands deposits;

•
production of titanium feedstock (including chloride slag, slag fines, and rutile), pig iron, and zircon;

•
production and marketing of TiO2; and

•
electrolytic manganese dioxide manufacturing and marketing.

Our Alkali operating segment includes the mining of trona ore for the production from trona of natural soda ash and its derivatives: sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate and caustic soda (collectively referred to as “alkali-products”).

Segment performance is evaluated based on segment operating income (loss), which represents the results of segment operations before unallocated costs, such as general corporate expenses not identified to a specific segment, interest expense, other income (expense), net and income tax expense or benefit.

Net sales and income (loss) from operations by segment were as follows:

  
Three Months
Ended March 31,
 
  
2017
  
2016
 
TiO2 segment
 
$
378
  
$
285
 
Alkali segment
  
191
   
191
 
Net sales
 
$
569
  
$
476
 
TiO2 segment
 
$
32
  
$
(36
)
Alkali segment
  
19
   
21
 
Corporate
  
(35
)
  
(16
)
Income (loss) from operations
  
16
   
(31
)
Interest and debt expense, net
  
(46
)
  
(46
)
Gain on extinguishment of debt
  
—
   
4
 
Other income (expense), net
  
(6
)
  
(9
)
Loss before income taxes
  
(36
)
  
(82
)
Income tax provision
  
(2
)
  
(12
)
Net loss
 
$
(38
)
 
$
(94
)
 
Net sales to external customers, by geographic region, based on country of production, were as follows:

  
Three Months
Ended March 31,
 
  
2017
  
2016
 
U.S. operations
 
$
349
  
$
310
 
International operations:
        
Australia
  
94
   
76
 
South Africa
  
74
   
37
 
The Netherlands
  
52
   
53
 
Total net sales
 
$
569
  
$
476
 

Net sales from external customers for each similar product were as follows:

  
Three Months
Ended March 31,
 
  
2017
  
2016
 
Pigment
 
$
272
  
$
216
 
Alkali
  
191
   
191
 
Titanium feedstock
  
92
   
57
 
Electrolytic
  
14
   
12
 
Total net sales
 
$
569
  
$
476
 

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, our ten largest third-party TiO2 customers and our ten largest Alkali customers represented approximately 25% and 22%, respectively, of our consolidated net sales. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, our ten largest third-party TiO2 customers and our ten largest Alkali customers represented approximately 20% and 25%, respectively, of our consolidated net sales. During each of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, ANSAC accounted for 13% of our consolidated net sales.

Capital expenditures by segment were as follows:

 
Three Months
Ended March 31,
 
  
2017
 
2016
 
TiO2 segment
 
$
20
  
$
17
 
Alkali segment
  
12
   
16
 
Total
 
$
32
  
$
33
 

Total assets by segment were as follows:

  
March 31,
2017
  
December 31,
2016
 
TiO2 segment
 
$
2,970
  
$
2,991
 
Alkali segment
  
1,645
   
1,671
 
Corporate
  
307
   
291
 
Total
 
$
4,922
  
$
4,953