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Intangible Assets, Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, consisted of the following:


	March 31, 2021						December 31, 2020
	Gross Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships	$	291	$	(197)	$	94	$	291	$	(193)	$	98
TiO2 technology	93		(26)		67		93		(24)		69
Internal-use software and other	81		(41)		40		73		(39)		34
Intangible assets, net	$	465	$	(264)	$	201	$	457	$	(256)	$	201

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, internal-use software included approximately $29 million and $19 million, respectively, of capitalized software costs which are not being amortized as the software is not ready for its intended use.

Amortization expense related to intangible assets recorded in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income was $8 million and $9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets is $24 million for the remainder of 2021, $33 million for 2022, $33 million for 2023, $36 million for 2024, $33 million for 2025 and $42 million thereafter.