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Intangible Assets, net | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Intangible Assets, net | Intangible Assets, net Intangible Assets, net of accumulated amortization, consisted of the following:
| December 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Gross Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | (231) |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | (211) |  |  | $ | 80 |
TiO 2 technology | 93 |  |  | (37) |  |  | 56 |  |  | 93 |  |  | (31) |  |  | 62 |
Internal-use software and other | 179 |  |  | (45) |  |  | 134 |  |  | 120 |  |  | (45) |  |  | 75 |
Intangible assets, net | $ | 563 |  |  | $ | (313) |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 504 |  |  | $ | (287) |  |  | $ | 217 |
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, internal-use software included approximately $106 million and $68 million, respectively, of capitalized software costs which are not being amortized as the software is not ready for its intended use. The table below summarizes amortization expense related to intangible assets for the periods presented, recorded in the specific line items in our Consolidated Statements of Income:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Cost of goods sold | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 29 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 31 |
Total | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 33 |
Estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets is $28 million for 2023, $36 million for 2024, $39 million for 2025, $21 million for 2026, $19 million for 2027 and $107 million thereafter.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all or part of the information related to intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -SubTopic 30 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2144471 + Details
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