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Intangible Assets, net | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Intangible Assets, net | Intangible Assets, net Intangible Assets, net of accumulated amortization, consisted of the following:
| December 31, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| Gross Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | (289) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | (270) |  |  | $ | 21 |
TiO 2 technology | 94 |  |  | (57) |  |  | 37 |  |  | 94 |  |  | (51) |  |  | 43 |
Internal-use software and other | 249 |  |  | (74) |  |  | 175 |  |  | 239 |  |  | (59) |  |  | 180 |
Intangible assets, net | $ | 634 |  |  | $ | (420) |  |  | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | 624 |  |  | $ | (380) |  |  | $ | 244 |
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, internal-use software included approximately $55 million and $116 million, respectively, of capitalized software costs which are not being amortized as the software is not ready for its intended use. The table below summarizes amortization expense related to intangible assets for the periods presented, recorded in the specific line items in our Consolidated Statements of Operations:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Cost of goods sold | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 27 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 28 |
Total | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 31 |
Estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets is $30 million for 2026, $35 million for 2027, $34 million for 2028, $32 million for 2029, $32 million for 2030 and $51 million thereafter.

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