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ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION | ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION 1.Organization MSC Income Fund, Inc. (“MSIF” or, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, “MSC Income” or the “Fund”) is a principal investment firm primarily focused on providing debt capital to private (“Private Loan”) companies owned by or in the process of being acquired by a private equity fund (its “Private Loan investment strategy”). MSC Income’s portfolio investments are typically made to support leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations, growth financings, refinancings and acquisitions of companies that operate in diverse industry sectors. MSC Income seeks to partner with private equity fund sponsors in its Private Loan investment strategy and primarily invests in secured debt investments of Private Loan companies generally headquartered in the United States. MSC Income also maintains a portfolio of customized long-term debt and equity investments in lower middle market (“LMM”) companies (its “LMM investment portfolio”), and through those investments MSC Income has partnered with entrepreneurs, business owners and management teams in co-investments with Main Street Capital Corporation (“Main Street”), a New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) listed business development company (“BDC”), utilizing the customized “one-stop” debt and equity financing solutions provided in Main Street’s LMM investment strategy (the “LMM investment strategy”). Through the LMM investment strategy, MSC Income primarily invested in secured debt investments, equity investments, warrants and other securities of LMM companies typically based in the United States. Effective upon the MSC Income Listing (as defined below) on January 29, 2025, MSC Income changed its investment strategy for investments in new portfolio companies to be solely focused on its Private Loan investment strategy, rather than its historical focus primarily on the Private Loan investment strategy and secondarily on the LMM investment strategy (as further discussed below). MSC Income also maintains a legacy portfolio of investments in larger middle market (“Middle Market”) companies (its “Middle Market investment portfolio”) and a limited portfolio of other portfolio (“Other Portfolio”) investments. MSC Income’s Middle Market investments are generally debt investments in companies owned by a private equity fund that were originally issued through a syndication financing process. MSC Income has generally stopped making new Middle Market investments and expects the size of its Middle Market investment portfolio to continue to decline in future periods as its existing Middle Market investments are repaid or sold. MSC Income’s Other Portfolio investments primarily consist of investments that are not consistent with the typical profiles for its Private Loan, LMM or Middle Market portfolio investments, including investments in unaffiliated investment companies and private funds managed by third parties. Similar to its Middle Market investments, MSC Income has generally stopped making new Other Portfolio investments and expects the size of its Other Portfolio to continue to decline in future periods as its existing Other Portfolio investments are repaid or sold. The “Investment Portfolio,” as used herein, refers to all of MSC Income’s investments in Private Loan portfolio companies, investments in LMM portfolio companies, investments in Middle Market portfolio companies and Other Portfolio investments. MSIF was formed in November 2011 to operate as an externally managed BDC under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). MSIF has elected to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). As a result, MSIF generally does not pay corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any net ordinary taxable income or capital gains that it distributes to its stockholders. On October 28, 2020, MSC Income’s stockholders approved the appointment of MSC Adviser I, LLC (the “Adviser”), which is wholly-owned by Main Street, as MSC Income’s investment adviser and administrator under an Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement dated October 30, 2020 (the “Prior Investment Advisory Agreement”). On January 29, 2025, MSC Income’s shares of common stock were listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “MSIF” (the “MSC Income Listing”). On January 29, 2025, in connection with the MSC Income Listing, MSC Income entered into an Amended and Restated Investment Advisory and Administrative Services Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) with the Adviser. The Advisory Agreement was approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of MSC Income’s outstanding voting securities, as defined in the 1940 Act, at a special meeting of MSC Income’s stockholders held on December 11, 2024 (the “2024 Special Meeting”), and the Advisory Agreement became effective upon the MSC Income Listing. In such role, the Adviser has the responsibility to manage the business of MSC Income, including the responsibility to identify, evaluate, negotiate and structure prospective investments, make investment and portfolio management decisions, monitor its Investment Portfolio and provide ongoing administrative services. On January 29, 2025, in connection with the MSC Income Listing, the Fund amended and restated its Articles of Amendment and Restatement, as amended, by filing new Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Fund (the “New Articles”) with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland. The New Articles revised the Fund’s charter to, among other things, (i) include a provision that limits the transferability of shares of its common stock outstanding at the time of the MSC Income Listing during the 365-day period following the MSC Income Listing, (ii) reflect an amendment to delete provisions regarding restrictions and requirements applicable to its dividend reinvestment plan, (iii) reflect an amendment to delete provisions prohibiting acquisitions of assets in exchange for shares of its common stock and restricting certain transactions between the Fund and the Adviser and its affiliates and (iv) delete certain provisions required by, and remove references to, the NASAA Guidelines in order to conform certain provisions of the Fund’s charter more closely to provisions in the charters of other BDCs whose securities are listed and publicly-traded on a national securities exchange. On January 30, 2025, in connection with the MSC Income Listing, MSC Income closed a follow-on public offering of 5,500,000 shares of its common stock, at the public offering price of $15.53 per share. In addition, on February 3, 2025, MSC Income issued and sold 825,000 additional shares of its common stock, at the public offering price of $15.53 per share, pursuant to the underwriters’ full exercise of their overallotment option (together with the offering and sale of the 5,500,000 shares, the “MSC Income Offering”). Net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs, the Fund received net cash proceeds of $90.5 million in connection with the MSC Income Offering. MSIF has certain direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries that have elected to be taxable entities (the “Taxable Subsidiaries”). The primary purpose of the Taxable Subsidiaries is to permit MSIF to hold equity investments in portfolio companies which are “pass-through” entities for tax purposes. MSIF also has certain direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries formed for financing purposes (the “Structured Subsidiaries”). Unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise indicates, the terms “MSC Income” and the “Fund” refer to MSIF and its consolidated subsidiaries, which include the Taxable Subsidiaries and the Structured Subsidiaries. 2.Basis of Presentation MSC Income’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The Fund is an investment company following accounting and reporting guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 946, Financial Services—Investment Companies (“ASC 946”). For each of the periods presented herein, MSC Income’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of MSIF and its consolidated subsidiaries. MSC Income’s results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and financial position as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are presented on a consolidated basis. The effects of all intercompany transactions between MSIF and its consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of MSC Income are presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Articles 6, 10 and 12 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain disclosures accompanying annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP are omitted. The unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024. In the opinion of management, the unaudited consolidated financial results included herein contain all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for the fair presentation of financial statements for the interim periods included herein. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for the full year. Financial statements prepared on a U.S. GAAP basis require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates and assumptions could change in the future as more information becomes known, which could impact the amounts reported and disclosed herein. Principles of Consolidation Under ASC 946, MSC Income is precluded from consolidating other entities in which MSC Income has equity investments, including those in which it has a controlling interest, unless the other entity is another investment company. An exception to this general principle in ASC 946 occurs if MSC Income holds a controlling interest in an operating company that provides all or substantially all of its services directly to MSC Income. Accordingly, as noted above, MSC Income’s consolidated financial statements include the financial position and operating results for the Taxable Subsidiaries and the Structured Subsidiaries. MSC Income has determined that none of its portfolio investments qualify for this exception. Therefore, MSC Income’s Investment Portfolio is carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value, as discussed further in Note B.1. — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Valuation of the Investment Portfolio, with any adjustments to fair value recognized as “Net Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation)” until the investment is realized, usually upon exit, resulting in any gain or loss being recognized as a “Net Realized Gain (Loss),” in both cases on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Portfolio Investment Classification MSC Income classifies its Investment Portfolio in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, (a) “Control” investments are defined as investments in which MSC Income owns more than 25% of the voting securities or has rights to maintain greater than 50% of the board representation, (b) “Affiliate” investments are defined as investments in which MSC Income owns between 5% and 25% (inclusive) of the voting securities and does not have rights to maintain greater than 50% of the board representation and (c) “Non-Control/Non-Affiliate” investments are defined as investments that are neither Control investments nor Affiliate investments. For purposes of determining the classification of its Investment Portfolio, MSC Income has excluded consideration of any voting securities or board appointment rights held by Main Street or any other advisory client of the Adviser. 3.Reverse Stock Split On December 16, 2024, in advance of the MSC Income Listing, the Fund effectuated a two-for-one reverse stock split of its outstanding common stock pursuant to approval from its Board of Directors (the “Reverse Stock Split”). As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every two shares of the Fund’s issued and outstanding common stock were converted into one share of issued and outstanding common stock, without any change in the par value or shares authorized. All share, per share, common stock and additional paid-in capital amounts presented in these consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements prior to December 16, 2024 have been retrospectively adjusted to give effect to the Reverse Stock Split. 4.Revisions to the Presentation of Previously Issued Financial Statements As of June 30, 2025, MSC Income changed its tax presentation on the Consolidated Statement of Operations to voluntarily correct an immaterial error in order to comply with the applicable presentation requirements in 210.6-07 of Regulation S-X. Net investment income now includes excise tax expense and net investment income related federal and state income and other tax expenses. These revisions had no impact on net increase in net assets resulting from operations or net increase in net assets resulting from operations per share. All prior period net investment income and net investment income per share amounts presented in these consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto have been retrospectively adjusted to conform to the current presentation. The impact of the adjustments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
| As Previously Reported |  | Adjustments |  | As Revised
| (in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net investment income before taxes | $ | 14,182 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,182 |
Excise tax benefit (expense) | — |  |  | (491) |  |  | (491) |
Federal and state income and other tax expenses | — |  |  | (775) |  |  | (775) |
Net investment income | 14,182 |  |  | (1,266) |  |  | 12,916 |
Net investment income per share | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | (0.03) |  |  | $ | 0.32 |
Income tax benefit (provision) on net realized gain (loss) and net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,168) |  |  | $ | (1,168) |
Total income tax (provision) benefit | $ | (2,434) |  |  | $ | 2,434 |  |  | $ | — |
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
| As Previously Reported |  | Adjustments |  | As Revised
| (in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net investment income before taxes | $ | 43,093 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 43,093 |
Excise tax benefit (expense) | — |  |  | (570) |  |  | (570) |
Federal and state income and other tax expenses | — |  |  | (2,201) |  |  | (2,201) |
Net investment income | 43,093 |  |  | (2,771) |  |  | 40,322 |
Net investment income per share | $ | 1.07 |  |  | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | 1.00 |
Income tax benefit (provision) on net realized gain (loss) and net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) | $ | — |  |  | $ | (3,379) |  |  | $ | (3,379) |
Total income tax (provision) benefit | $ | (6,150) |  |  | $ | 6,150 |  |  | $ | — |
The adjustments also impacted the ratio of net investment income to average net asset value (“NAV”) as presented in Note E — Financial Highlights.

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