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Fair Value
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Fair Value [Abstract]  
Fair Value
Note 16. Fair Value

Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal, or most advantageous, market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability shall not be adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact, and (iv) willing to transact.

The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

 

     
   
Level 1 Inputs –   Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
   
Level 2 Inputs –   Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and provide a reasonable basis for fair value determination, such as interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, default rates, and credit risks, or inputs that are derived principally from observable market data.
   
Level 3 Inputs –   Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities for which there is little, if any, market activity at the measurement date, using reasonable inputs and assumptions based on the best information at the time, to the extent that inputs are available without undue cost and effort. These inputs and assumptions may include model-derived inputs that are not corroborated by observable market data and an entity’s own assumptions.

A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below. These valuation methodologies were applied to all of the Company’s assets and liabilities carried at fair value. In general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon third party models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments may include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality, the Company’s creditworthiness, among other things, as well as unobservable parameters. Any such valuation adjustments are applied consistently over time. The Company’s valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. While management believes the Company’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.

Securities Available-for-Sale. Securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 inputs. Securities are classified as Level 1 within the valuation hierarchy when quoted prices are available in an active market. This includes securities whose value is based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets. The Company also uses Level 1 inputs for the valuation of equity securities traded in active markets.

Securities are classified as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy when the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information, and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. Level 2 inputs are used to value U.S. government agency securities, single issue and pooled trust preferred securities, corporate FDIC insured securities, MBS, and certain equity securities that are not actively traded.

Securities are classified as Level 3 within the valuation hierarchy in certain cases when there is limited activity or less transparency to the valuation inputs. In the absence of observable or corroborated market data, internally developed estimates that incorporate market-based assumptions are used when such information is available.

Fair value models may be required when trading activity has declined significantly or does not exist, prices are not current or pricing variations are significant. The Company’s fair value from third party models utilizes modeling software that uses market participant data and knowledge of the structures of each individual security to develop cash flows specific to each security. The fair values of the securities are determined by using the cash flows developed by the fair value model and applying appropriate market observable discount rates. The discount rates are developed by determining credit spreads above a benchmark rate, such as LIBOR, and adding premiums for illiquidity developed based on a comparison of initial issuance spread to LIBOR versus a financial sector curve for recently issued debt to LIBOR. Specific securities that have increased uncertainty regarding the receipt of cash flows are discounted at higher rates due to the addition of a deal specific credit premium based on assumptions about the performance of the underlying collateral. Finally, internal fair value model pricing and external pricing observations are combined by assigning weights to each pricing observation. Pricing is reviewed for reasonableness based on the direction of the specific markets and the general economic indicators.

Other Assets and Associated Liabilities. Securities held for trading purposes are recorded at fair value and included in “other assets” on the consolidated balance sheets. Securities held for trading purposes include assets related to employee deferred compensation plans. The assets associated with these plans are generally invested in equities and classified as Level 1. Deferred compensation liabilities, also classified as Level 1, are carried at the fair value of the obligation to the employee, which corresponds to the fair value of the invested assets.

Derivatives. Derivatives are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. The Company obtains dealer quotations based on observable data to value its derivatives.

Impaired Loans. Certain impaired loans are reported on a nonrecurring basis at the fair value of the underlying collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Collateral values are estimated using Level 3 inputs based on appraisals adjusted for customized discounting criteria.

The Company maintains an active and robust problem credit identification system. When a credit is identified as exhibiting characteristics of weakening, the Company will assess the credit for potential impairment. Examples of weakening include delinquency and deterioration of the borrower’s capacity to repay as determined by the Company’s regular credit review function. As part of the impairment review, the Company will evaluate the current collateral value. It is the Company’s standard practice to obtain updated third party collateral valuations to assist management in measuring potential impairment of a credit and the amount of the impairment to be recorded.

Internal collateral valuations are generally performed within two to four weeks of the original identification of potential impairment and receipt of the third party valuation. The internal valuation is performed by comparing the original appraisal to current local real estate market conditions and experience and considers liquidation costs. The result of the internal valuation is compared with the outstanding loan balance, and, if warranted, a specific impairment reserve will be established at the completion of the internal evaluation.

A third party evaluation is typically received within thirty to forty-five days of the completion of the internal evaluation. Once received, the third party evaluation is reviewed for reasonableness. Once the evaluation is reviewed and accepted, discounts to fair market value are applied based upon such factors as the bank’s historical liquidation experience of like collateral, and an estimated net realizable value is established. That estimated net realizable value is then compared with the outstanding loan balance to determine the amount of specific impairment reserve. The specific impairment reserve, if necessary, is adjusted to reflect the results of the updated evaluation. A specific impairment reserve is generally maintained on impaired loans during the time period while awaiting receipt of the third party evaluation as well as on impaired loans that continue to make some form of payment and liquidation is not imminent. Impaired loans not meeting the aforementioned criteria and that do not have a specific impairment reserve have usually been previously written down through a partial charge off, to their net realizable value.

The Company’s Special Assets staff assumes the management and monitoring of all loans determined to be impaired. While awaiting the completion of the third party appraisal, the Company generally begins to complete the tasks necessary to gain control of the collateral and prepare for liquidation, including, but not limited to engagement of counsel, inspection of collateral, and continued communication with the borrower, if appropriate. Special Assets staff also regularly reviews the relationship to identify any potential adverse developments during this time.

Generally, the only difference between current appraised value, adjusted for liquidation costs, and the carrying amount of the loan less the specific reserve is any downward adjustment to the appraised value that the Company determines appropriate. These differences are generally made up of costs to sell the property, as well as a deflator for the devaluation of property seen when banks are the sellers, and the Company deemed these adjustments as fair value adjustments.

In the Company’s experience, it rarely returns loans to performing status after they have been partially charged off. Generally, credits identified as impaired move quickly through the process towards ultimate resolution.

Other Real Estate Owned. The fair value of the Company’s other real estate owned is determined on a nonrecurring basis using Level 3 inputs based on current and prior appraisals, estimates of costs to sell, and proprietary qualitative adjustments.

Goodwill. The fair value of the Company’s goodwill is reported on a nonrecurring basis when it has been adjusted to fair value. The values of the Company’s reporting units are determined using Level 3 inputs based on discounted cash flow and market multiple models.

 

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following tables summarize financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:

 

                                 
    December 31, 2011  
    Fair Value Measurements Using     Total
Fair  Value		  
(Amounts in thousands)   Level 1     Level 2     Level 3    

Available-for-sale securities:

                                

States and political subdivisions

   $ —       $ 137,815     $ —       $ 137,815  

Single issue trust preferred securities

     —         40,244       —         40,244  

Corporate FDIC insured securities

     —         13,718       —         13,718  

Agency MBS

     —         280,102       —         280,102  

Non-Agency Alt-A residential MBS

     —         10,030       —         10,030  

Equity securities

     501       20       —         521  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

Total available-for-sale securities

   $ 501     $ 481,929     $ —       $ 482,430  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

Deferred compensation assets

   $ 3,210     $ —       $ —       $ 3,210  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

Derivative assets

                                

Interest rate lock commitments

   $ —       $ 135     $ —       $ 135  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

Total derivative assets

   $ —       $ 135     $ —       $ 135  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

Deferred compensation liabilities

   $ 3,210     $ —       $ —       $ 3,210  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

Derivative liabilities

                                

Interest rate swap

   $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —    

Interest rate lock commitments

     —         6               6  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

Total derivative liabilities

   $ —       $ 6     $ —       $ 6  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

 

                                 
    December 31, 2010  
(Amounts in thousands)   Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total
Fair  Value		  
       

Available-for-sale securities:

                                

U.S. Government agency securities

   $ —       $ 9,832     $ —       $ 9,832  

States and political subdivisions

     —         176,138       —         176,138  

Single issue trust preferred securities

     —         41,244       —         41,244  

Pooled trust preferred securities

     —         264       —         264  

Corporate FDIC insured securities

     —         25,660       —         25,660  

Agency MBS

     —         215,013       —         215,013  

Non-Agency Alt-A residential MBS

     —         11,277       —         11,277  

Equity securities

     616       20       —         636  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

Total available-for-sale securities

   $ 616     $ 479,448     $ —       $ 480,064  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

Deferred compensation assets

   $ 3,192     $ —       $ —       $ 3,192  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

Derivative assets

                                

Interest rate lock commitments

   $ —       $ 28     $ —       $ 28  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

Total derivative assets

   $ —       $ 28     $ —       $ 28  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

Deferred compensation liabilities

   $ 3,192     $ —       $ —       $ 3,192  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

Derivative liabilities

                                

Interest rate swap

   $ —       $ 31     $ —       $ 31  

Interest rate lock commitments

     —         59       —         59  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

Total derivative liabilities

   $ —       $ 90     $ —       $ 90  
   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

  

 

The following table presents additional information about financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2010, for which Level 3 inputs are utilized to determine fair value. There were no financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value during 2011.

 

         
    Fair Value Measurements
Using Significant
Unobservable Inputs		  
    Available-for-Sale Securities  
    Pooled Trust Preferred Securities  
(Amounts in thousands)   December 31, 2010  

Beginning balance

   $ 1,648  

Transfers into Level 3

     —    

Transfers out of Level 3

     (3,574 ) 

Total gains or losses

        

Included in earnings (or changes in net assets)

     —    

Included in other comprehensive income

     1,926  

Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements

        

Purchases

     —    

Issuances

     —    

Sales

     —    

Settlements

     —    
   

 

 

  

Ending balance

   $ —    
   

 

 

  

During the first quarter of 2010, the Company changed the fair value of pooled trust preferred securities from Level 3 to Level 2 pricing resulting in a transfer of $3.57 million out of Level 3. The Company was successful in obtaining a quote from a qualified market participant, and although the market for these securities is increasing it still remains inactive.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

Certain financial and nonfinancial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as, when there is evidence of impairment. Items subject to nonrecurring fair value adjustments were as follows:

 

                                 
    December 31, 2011  
    Fair Value Measurements Using     Total
Fair  Value		  
    Level 1     Level 2     Level 3    
(Amounts in thousands)                        

Impaired loans

   $ —       $ —       $ 8,528     $ 8,528  

Restructured loans

     —         —         6,318       6,318  

Other real estate owned

     —         —         5,914       5,914  

Goodwill — insurance agencies

     —         —         9,405       9,405  

 

                                 
    December 31, 2010  
    Fair Value Measurements Using     Total
Fair  Value		  
    Level 1     Level 2     Level 3    
(Amounts in thousands)                        

Impaired loans

   $ —       $ —       $ 10,906     $ 10,906  

Restructured loans

     —         —         5,771       5,771  

Other real estate owned

     —         —         4,910       4,910  

Goodwill — insurance agencies

     —         —         11,943       11,943  

The fair value of goodwill on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2011 and 2010, consisted of the carrying value at the insurance reporting unit after impairment charges of $1.24 million and $1.04 million, respectively.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practical to estimate the value is based upon the characteristics of the instruments and relevant market information. Financial instruments include cash, evidence of ownership in an entity, or contracts that convey or impose on an entity that contractual right or obligation to either receive or deliver cash for another financial instrument. Fair value is the amount at which a financial instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced sale or liquidation, and is best evidenced by a quoted market price if one exists.

 

                                 
    December 31, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    Carrying           Carrying        
(Amounts in thousands)   Amount     Fair Value     Amount     Fair Value  

Assets

                                

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 47,294     $ 47,294     $ 112,189     $ 112,189  

Investment securities

     485,920       485,962       484,701       484,768  

Loans held for sale

     5,820       5,877       4,694       4,700  

Loans held for investment less allowance

     1,369,862       1,386,419       1,359,724       1,370,173  

Accrued interest receivable

     6,193       6,193       7,675       7,675  

Bank owned life insurance

     44,356       44,356       42,241       42,241  

Derivative financial assets

     135       135       28       28  

Deferred compensation assets

     3,210       3,210       3,192       3,192  
         

Liabilities

                                

Demand deposits

   $ 240,268     $ 240,268     $ 205,151     $ 205,151  

Interest-bearing demand deposits

     275,156       275,156       262,420       262,420  

Savings deposits

     394,707       394,707       426,547       426,547  

Time deposits

     633,336       641,604       726,837       735,332  

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

     129,208       136,359       140,894       161,100  

Accrued interest payable

     2,554       2,554       3,264       3,264  

FHLB and other indebtedness

     165,933       183,722       191,193       203,539  

Derivative financial liabilities

     6       6       90       90  

Deferred compensation liabilities

     3,210       3,210       3,192       3,192  

The following summary presents the methodologies and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments presented below. The information used to determine fair value is highly subjective and judgmental in nature and, therefore, the results may not be precise. Subjective factors include, among other things, estimates of cash flows, risk characteristics, credit quality, and interest rates, all of which are subject to change. Since the fair value is estimated as of the balance sheet date, the amounts that will actually be realized or paid upon settlement or maturity on these various instruments could be significantly different.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. The book values of cash and due from banks and federal funds sold and purchased are considered to be equal to fair value as a result of the short-term nature of these items.

Investment Securities and Deferred Compensation Assets and Liabilities. Fair values are determined in the same manner as described above.

Loans: The estimated fair value of loans held for investment is measured based upon discounted future cash flows using current rates for similar loans. No estimate for market illiquidity has been made. Loans held for sale are recorded at lower of cost or estimated fair value. The fair value of loans held for sale is determined based upon the market sales price of similar loans.

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable. The book value is considered to be equal to the fair value due to the short-term nature of the instrument.

Bank-owned Life Insurance. The fair value is determined by stated contract values.

Derivative Financial Instruments. The estimated fair value of derivative financial instruments is based upon the current market price for similar instruments.

 

Deposits and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase. Deposits without a stated maturity, including demand, interest-bearing demand, and savings accounts, are reported at their carrying value. No value has been assigned to the franchise value of these deposits. For other types of deposits and repurchase agreements with fixed maturities and rates, fair value has been estimated by discounting future cash flows based on interest rates currently being offered on instruments with similar characteristics and maturities.

FHLB and Other Indebtedness. Fair value has been estimated based on interest rates currently available to the Company for borrowings with similar characteristics and maturities. The fair value for trust preferred obligations has been estimated based on credit spreads seen in the marketplace for like issues.

Commitments to Extend Credit, Standby Letters of Credit, and Financial Guarantees. The amount of off-balance sheet commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and financial guarantees is considered equal to fair value. Because of the uncertainty involved in attempting to assess the likelihood and timing of commitments being drawn upon, coupled with the lack of an established market and the wide diversity of fee structures, the Company does not believe it is meaningful to provide an estimate of fair value that differs from the given value of the commitment.