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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of income tax expense For the year ended December 31, 2022, income tax expense totaled $20.9 million, and consisted of the following:
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Current:
U.S.:
Federal$8.2 $— $— 
State and local12.7 — — 
Total current20.9 — — 
Deferred:
U.S.:
Federal— — — 
State and local— — — 
Total deferred— — — 
Income tax expense$20.9 $— $— 
Reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to effective income tax rate
A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
Year ended December 31,
202220212020
Federal statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Return to provision3.6 %1.1 %— %
Federal research tax credit3.4 %2.7 %4.1 %
Other(0.1 %)— %— %
Uncertain tax positions(1.2 %)— %— %
Stock compensation(1.4)%(2.7)%(1.7)%
State taxes(1.6)%16.3 %(0.1)%
Change in valuation allowance(31.7)%(38.4)%(23.3)%
(8.0 %)0.0 %0.0 %
Summary of deferred income tax benefits and liabilities Temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to a significant portion of the deferred income tax benefits and liabilities were as follows as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:
December 31,
(dollars in millions)20222021
Deferred income tax assets:
Deferred revenue$143.0 $10.0 
Capitalized research and development56.3 — 
Stock compensation25.9 15.4 
Tax credits10.4 18.8 
Loss carryforwards3.8 97.0 
Other7.7 3.3 
Total deferred income tax assets247.1 144.5 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements(2.6)(3.6)
Other(1.0)(1.4)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(3.6)(5.0)
Less valuation allowance(243.5)(139.5)
Net deferred income tax liability$— $— 
Summary of unrecognized tax benefits
Changes in the Company's gross unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:
Year ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)202220212020
Beginning of period balance - gross$— $— $— 
Increases for tax positions taken during the current period4.1 — — 
Decreases for tax positions taken during a prior period— — — 
End of period balance - gross$4.1 $— $—